Photovoltaic power generation system

Abstract

To provide a micro-grid energy demand / supply system and a micro-grid energy demand / supply method that take into account the state of use of renewable energy in an energy receiving part.SOLUTION: Provided is an energy demand / supply system 1000 of a micro-grid 1001 to which a plurality of energy receiving parts 2, 202, 302 connected to each other by a power grid 1002 belong. Each of the energy receiving parts 2, 202, 302 is classified at least into a surplus state of an on-site energy in the energy receiving parts 2, 202, 302 and a shortage state thereof, and is configured to supply power from the energy receiving parts 2, 202, 302 classified into the surplus state to the energy receiving parts 2, 202, 302 classified into the shortage state.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 14

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a self - energy surplus / deficiency information generation device, a self - energy surplus / deficiency information generation method, a solar power generation system, an energy supply - demand system of a microgrid, and an energy supply - demand method of a microgrid.

Background Art

[0002] An energy supply system including a plurality of energy receiving / supplying units having an energy supply source and demand facilities that require energy supplied from the energy supply source, and management means for managing the plurality of energy receiving / supplying units is known (see Patent Document 1). In the energy supply system of Patent Document 1, when the storage amount of an energy storage device that stores surplus power in the energy receiving / supplying unit falls below a threshold value, it is determined that external energy supply is necessary, and energy is supplied to this energy receiving / supplying unit.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] However, in the energy supply system described in Patent Document 1, the usage state of renewable energy in the energy receiving / supplying unit is not considered, and there is a possibility that renewable energy may not be effectively utilized.

[0005] The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to provide a device for generating information on the surplus or deficit of private energy that takes into account the usage status of renewable energy in the energy supply and demand section, a method for generating information on the surplus or deficit of private energy, a solar power generation system, an energy supply and demand system for a microgrid, and an energy supply and demand method for a microgrid. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] To achieve the above objective, the present invention provides: A device that generates information regarding the surplus or deficit of private energy in an energy supply and demand unit that consumes electricity supplied from the commercial grid and solar power generation equipment as a load, A day / night discrimination unit that distinguishes between day and night, A self-energy surplus / deficit information generating device is provided, which includes a surplus / deficit information generating unit that generates self-energy surplus / deficit information regarding the surplus / deficit of self-energy in the energy supply and demand unit based on the measured amount of power generated by the solar power generation device and a preset set amount of power generated when the day / night determination unit determines that it is daytime.

[0007] In the above-mentioned device for generating information on the surplus or deficit of self-energy, The aforementioned information regarding the surplus or deficit of private energy may be classified into at least two categories: whether the private energy in the energy receiving and supply unit is in a surplus state, and whether the private energy in the energy receiving and supply unit is in a deficit state.

[0008] In the above-mentioned device for generating information on the surplus or deficit of self-energy, The system includes a measurement degree calculation unit that calculates the degree of the measured power generation relative to the set power generation based on the measured power generation amount and the set power generation amount, and defines this as the measured power generation degree. The surplus / deficit information generation unit may generate the self-energy surplus / deficit information based on measured degree comparison information obtained by comparing the measured degree of power generation with a preset set degree of power generation when the day / night determination unit determines that it is daytime.

[0009] In the above-mentioned device for generating information on the surplus or deficit of self-energy, The system includes a usage calculation unit that calculates the degree of use of the power supplied from the solar power generation device in the total supplied power, based on grid power information relating to the power supplied from the commercial grid and private energy power information relating to the power supplied from the solar power generation device, and uses this as the degree of private energy use. The surplus / deficit information generation unit may generate the self-energy surplus / deficit information based on the measured power generation amount, the set power generation amount, and usage degree comparison information obtained by comparing the self-energy usage degree with a preset set usage degree.

[0010] In the above-mentioned device for generating information on the surplus or deficit of self-energy, In addition to the commercial power grid and the solar power generation equipment, the aforementioned load is also supplied with power from a battery. The aforementioned private energy power information pertains to the power supplied from the solar power generation device and the storage battery, The usage calculation unit may calculate the usage rate of the electricity supplied from the solar power generation device and the storage battery in relation to the total supplied electricity, and use this as the self-energy usage rate.

[0011] In the above-mentioned device for generating information on the surplus or deficit of self-energy, The battery is equipped with a margin determination unit that determines whether it is in a margin state or a non-margin state. The surplus / deficit information generation unit may generate the self-energy surplus / deficit information based on the measured power generation amount, the set power generation amount, the usage degree comparison information, and whether the storage battery is in the surplus state or the non-surplus state, when the day / night determination unit determines that it is daytime.

[0012] In the above-mentioned device for generating information on the surplus or deficit of self-energy, When the day / night determination unit determines that it is nighttime, the reserve determination unit determines whether the battery is in the reserve state or the non-reserve state based on the time and the remaining charge of the battery. The surplus / deficit information generation unit may generate the self-energy surplus / deficit information based on the usage comparison information and whether the storage battery is in the surplus state or the non-surplus state when the day / night determination unit determines that it is nighttime.

[0013] In the above-mentioned device for generating information on the surplus or deficit of self-energy, The system includes a reverse power flow detection unit that detects the reverse power flow in which electricity is supplied from the solar power generation device to the commercial grid. The surplus / deficit information generation unit may generate the self-energy surplus / deficit information when the day / night determination unit determines that it is daytime, based on the measured power generation amount, the set power generation amount, the usage degree comparison information, whether the storage battery is in the surplus state or the non-surplus state, and whether or not the reverse power flow detection unit has detected the reverse power flow.

[0014] Furthermore, in this invention, A method for generating information regarding the surplus or deficit of private energy in an energy supply and demand unit that consumes electricity supplied from the commercial grid and solar power generation equipment as a load, It distinguishes between day and night, A method for generating information on the surplus or deficit of self-sourced energy is provided, which generates information on the surplus or deficit of self-sourced energy in the energy supply and demand unit based on the measured amount of power generated by the solar power generation device and a preset amount of power generated when it is determined to be daytime.

[0015] Furthermore, in this invention, A microgrid energy supply and demand system comprising multiple energy receiving and supply units connected to each other by a power grid, The above-mentioned device for generating information on the surplus or deficit of self-contained energy is provided, The surplus / deficit information generation device generates the self-energy surplus / deficit information for each energy supply / receiving unit belonging to the microgrid, A microgrid energy supply and demand system is provided, further comprising a supply and demand adjustment unit that supplies power from the energy receiving unit classified as being in a surplus state by the surplus / deficit information generation device to the energy receiving unit classified as being in a deficit state.

[0016] Also, in the present invention, an energy receiving and supplying unit that consumes power supplied from a commercial system and a solar power generation device with a load, and an excess or deficiency information generation device for the home energy, are provided. The load includes a heat storage device that stores heat in a predetermined heat storage unit. When the home energy is classified as the surplus state by the excess or deficiency information generation device, a solar power generation system is provided which includes a heat storage control unit that increases the heat storage effect of the heat storage device.

[0017] In the above solar power generation system, the heat storage device includes an air conditioner that performs air conditioning in a predetermined room. Based on the room information in the predetermined room, an air conditioning restriction unit may be provided that restricts an increase or decrease in the heat storage effect of the air conditioner by the heat storage control unit.

[0018] In the above solar power generation system, Based on an input from an air conditioning operation unit that performs an operation input of the air conditioner, a restriction control unit may be provided that controls the validity or invalidity of the restriction on the increase or decrease in the heat storage effect by the air conditioning restriction unit.

[0019] Also, in the present invention, an energy supply and demand system of a microgrid to which a plurality of energy receiving and supplying units connected to each other by a power grid belong, for each of the energy receiving and supplying units, at least, it is classified into whether the home energy is in a surplus state or the home energy in the energy receiving and supplying unit is in a deficit state. An energy supply and demand system of a microgrid is provided that supplies power from the energy receiving and supplying unit classified as the surplus state to the energy receiving and supplying unit classified as the deficit state.

[0020] Also, in the present invention, An energy supply and demand method for a microgrid to which multiple energy receiving and supply units connected to each other by a power grid belong, Each of the aforementioned energy receiving and supplying units is classified into, at a minimum, either having a surplus of self-generated energy or having a shortage of self-generated energy in the energy receiving and supplying unit. An energy supply and demand method for a microgrid is provided, which involves supplying electricity from an energy receiving unit classified as being in a surplus state to an energy receiving unit classified as being in a deficit state. [Effects of the Invention]

[0021] According to the present invention, renewable energy can be effectively utilized by taking into account the usage status of renewable energy in the energy supply and demand unit. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0022] [Figure 1] This is a block diagram showing the configuration of a photovoltaic power generation system representing a first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] This is a control block diagram of a solar power generation system. [Figure 3] This is a flowchart showing the operation of a solar power generation system. [Figure 4] This flowchart shows the operation of the heat storage enhancement mode. [Figure 5] This is a flowchart showing the operation of the heat storage reduction mode. [Figure 6] This is a flowchart showing the operation of a solar power generation system. [Figure 7] This is a block diagram showing the configuration of a photovoltaic power generation system representing a second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] This is a control block diagram of a solar power generation system. [Figure 9] This is a flowchart showing the operation of a solar power generation system. [Figure 10] This is a flowchart showing the operation of a solar power generation system. [Figure 11]This is a flowchart showing the operation of a solar power generation system. [Figure 12] This is a control block diagram of a solar power generation system showing a modified example. [Figure 13] This flowchart illustrates the operation of a solar power generation system. [Figure 14] This is an energy block diagram relating to a single microgrid energy supply and demand system, illustrating a third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 15] This is a block diagram of the communication aspects of a single microgrid energy supply and demand system. [Figure 16] This is a block diagram relating to energy in a plurality of microgrid energy supply and demand systems, illustrating a fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 17] This is a block diagram illustrating the communication between energy supply and demand systems of multiple microgrids. [Figure 18] This is a block diagram illustrating the communication of energy supply and demand systems in multiple microgrids, showing a modified example. [Figure 19] This graph shows the hourly power supply and power consumption in the solar power generation system of the example. [Figure 20] This graph shows the hourly power supply and power consumption in the first comparative example's solar power generation system. [Figure 21] This graph shows the hourly power supply and power consumption in the first comparative example's solar power generation system. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0023] Figures 1 to 6 show a first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 is a block diagram of the configuration of the photovoltaic power generation system, Figure 2 is a control block diagram of the photovoltaic power generation system, Figures 3 and 6 are flowcharts showing the operation of the photovoltaic power generation system, Figure 4 is a flowchart showing the operation of the heat storage increase mode, and Figure 5 is a flowchart showing the operation of the heat storage decrease mode.

[0024] As shown in Figure 1, this solar power generation system 1 is applied to an energy supply unit 2 where power is supplied to a load 10 from the commercial grid 20 and the photovoltaic (PV) equipment 30. In this embodiment, the load 10 includes heating and cooling equipment 11, an electric vehicle 12, and a pool pump 13 for a residential swimming pool. This energy supply unit 2, along with other energy supply units not shown in Figure 1, is monitored by an energy management system (EMS) 3. The energy management system 3 receives power from energy supply units that have a surplus of energy and supplies power to energy supply units that have a surplus of energy.

[0025] In this embodiment, the energy supply unit 2 is a house. However, the energy supply unit 2 may also be a facility, for example. The heating and cooling equipment 10 stores heat in a predetermined heat storage unit. In this embodiment, the heating and cooling equipment 10 includes an air conditioning system that provides heating and cooling in a predetermined room, and a water heater capable of storing water heated by an electric heater. Note that Figure 1 does not show any loads 10 other than the heating and cooling equipment 11, electric vehicle 12, and pool pump 13. Power from the commercial grid 20, the solar power generation device 30, and the storage battery 40 is supplied to the loads 10 via the distribution board 50. Note that, instead of the distribution board 50, other equipment with a connection function, such as a junction box, can be used. In this embodiment, a reverse power flow occurs in which power is supplied from the solar power generation device 30 to the commercial grid 20. That is, in this embodiment, power is purchased from the commercial grid 20 and power is sold to the commercial grid 20.

[0026] The solar power generation system 30 has panels that convert light energy into electrical energy, and the energy supply and receiving unit 2 is equipped with a power conditioner (PCS) 60 that converts this electrical energy from direct current to alternating current. The power conditioner 60 manages the storage battery 40 that charges the electricity generated by the solar power generation system 30. The electricity stored in the storage battery 40 is discharged as needed and supplied to the load. In this embodiment, the storage battery 40 can also be charged with electricity from the commercial power grid 20.

[0027] In this embodiment, a system current sensor 70 is provided to detect the current flowing in and out between the commercial power grid 20 and the distribution board 50, and a private energy current sensor 75 is provided to detect the current flowing in and out between the power conditioner 60 and the distribution board 50. As shown in Figure 2, the current value detected by the system current sensor 70 is transmitted to the monitoring and instruction terminal 80 as system power information 110 relating to the power supplied from the commercial power grid 20. In addition, the current value detected by the private energy current sensor 75 is transmitted to the monitoring and instruction terminal 80 as private energy power information 120 relating to the power supplied from the solar power generation device 30 and the storage battery 40.

[0028] Furthermore, the energy supply and receiving unit 2 is equipped with a temperature sensor 2a that detects the temperature of a room where heating and cooling are performed by the air conditioning system, and a human presence sensor 2b that detects the presence of a person in the room. As shown in Figure 2, the room temperature detected by the temperature sensor 2a is transmitted to the monitoring and instruction terminal 80 as temperature information 510. In addition, information on whether or not a person is present, detected by the human presence sensor 2b, is transmitted to the monitoring and instruction terminal 80 as human presence information 520. The air conditioning system is operated through the air conditioning control unit 2c, which provides operation input for the air conditioning system. In this embodiment, the air conditioning control unit 2c is a remote controller that is detachably installed on the wall of the room. People in the room can use the air conditioning control unit 2c to perform various settings of the air conditioning system, such as turning the air conditioning system ON / OFF, switching operating modes such as heating, dehumidifying, and cooling, adjusting the airflow, and changing the set temperature of the room. In this embodiment, the air conditioning control unit 2c accepts a setting to enable or disable the restriction on the increase or decrease of the heat storage effect, which will be described later. Specifically, the air conditioning control unit 2c is configured to allow the user to select either "manual mode" or "automatic mode." When "manual mode" is selected, the restriction on increasing or decreasing the heat storage effect is enabled, and when "automatic mode" is selected, the restriction on increasing or decreasing the heat storage effect is disabled. As shown in Figure 2, the restriction settings received by the air conditioning control unit 2c are transmitted to the monitoring and instruction terminal 80 as restriction setting information 530.

[0029] The monitoring and instruction terminal 80 monitors various information in the energy supply and demand unit 2 and issues instructions to various devices regarding control, etc., based on this information. In this embodiment, the monitoring and instruction terminal 80 acts as a generator for generating information on the surplus or deficit of private energy. The monitoring and instruction terminal 80 can be, for example, a terminal installed inside the house, or a portable terminal outside the house.

[0030] The monitoring and instruction terminal 80 consists of a computer such as a personal computer or workstation, and has an input unit 81, an output unit 82, a media reading unit 83, a storage unit 84, a memory unit 85, an arithmetic unit 86, and an interface unit 87, which are interconnected by a system bus. The input unit 81 has a keyboard, mouse, etc., operated by the terminal user, and receives various operation signals from the terminal user regarding program execution, etc. The output unit 82 has a display that displays data, etc., and can display the execution progress, results, etc. of various programs. The input unit 81 and the output unit 82 may be an integrated input / output means, such as a touch panel, in which case input can be performed by touching a predetermined position with the user's finger or a pen-type input device. The media reading unit 83 consists of, for example, a CD drive, a DVD drive, a USB connector, etc. The storage unit 84 is a hard disk, SSD, etc., and stores various programs, various electronic data, etc. The stored programs, data, etc. can be input and output as needed. Memory 85 is ROM, RAM, etc., and stores executable programs, etc., read from storage 84 by the arithmetic unit 86. The arithmetic unit 86 is a CPU, etc., and based on control programs such as the OS and programs related to private energy stored in memory 85, it controls the processing of the entire computer, including various calculations and data input / output with each hardware component, and can realize various processes such as the generation of private energy surplus / deficit information 250 and the control of heating and cooling equipment 10, which will be described later.

[0031] As shown in Figure 2, the monitoring and instruction terminal 80 acquires power information 110 and 120 from each current sensor 70 and 75, as well as measured power generation amount information 130 from the solar power generation device 30, and remaining charge information 140 and status information 150 from the battery 40 from the power conditioner 60. The status information 150 indicates whether the battery 40 is in a charging state, a discharging state, or a standby state. The monitoring and instruction terminal 80 also acquires time information 400 from the time server 4. Furthermore, the monitoring and instruction terminal 80 acquires temperature information 510 and human presence information 520 from the temperature sensor 2a and the human presence sensor 2b. The monitoring and instruction terminal 80 has a setting information storage unit 300 in which various setting information is stored. In this embodiment, the setting information storage unit 300 stores the set power generation amount information 310, the set usage level 320, the set power generation level 330, the daytime set remaining amount 340, the nighttime set remaining amount 350, the set temperature range 360, and the sunrise / sunset information 370. The setting information stored in the setting information storage unit 300 can be rewritten by input from the user, an external source, etc.

[0032] The monitoring and instruction terminal 80 has a day / night determination unit 800 that determines whether it is day or night. In this embodiment, the day / night determination unit 800 determines whether it is day or night by comparing time information 400 acquired from the time server 4 with the sunrise time and sunset time of the sunrise / sunset information 370 that is stored in advance. The method of determining whether it is day or night by the day / night determination unit 800 is arbitrary, and for example, it can be determined based on the intensity of sunlight detected by the illuminance sensor, the outside temperature detected by the thermometer, the amount of power generated by the solar power generation device 30 according to the time, etc. Alternatively, it may be configured to determine whether it is day or night according to user input indicating whether it is day or night.

[0033] The monitoring and instruction terminal 80 has a usage calculation unit 810 that calculates the degree of use of power supplied from the solar power generation device 30 and the storage battery 40 in the total supplied power based on grid power information 110 and private energy power information 120, and determines the degree of private energy usage 210. In this embodiment, the degree of private energy usage 210 is calculated by dividing the current value detected by the private energy current sensor 75 by the sum of the current values ​​detected by the grid current sensor 70 and the private energy current sensor 75. Here, in addition to the distribution board 50 to which power is supplied from the commercial grid 20, the solar power generation device 30 and the storage battery 40, there may be other distribution boards to which power is supplied only from the solar power generation device 30 and the storage battery 40, for purposes such as preferentially supplying power to important loads in the event of a disaster. In this case, a second private energy current sensor can be installed between the solar power generation device 30 and the storage battery 40 and the other distribution board, separate from the private energy current sensor 75. The current values ​​detected by the private energy current sensor 75 and the second private energy current sensor can then be added together to obtain the private energy power information 120. The degree of private energy use 210 may also be calculated, for example, by using the difference in current values ​​detected by the grid current sensor 70 and the private energy current sensor 75, and the method for calculating the degree of private energy use 210 can be changed as appropriate.

[0034] The monitoring and instruction terminal 80 has a measurement degree calculation unit 820 that calculates the degree to which the measured power generation of the photovoltaic power generation device 30 is relative to the set power generation amount, based on the measured power generation amount information 130 and the set power generation amount information 310, and sets the measured power generation degree 220. In this embodiment, the measured power generation degree 220 is calculated by dividing the measured power generation amount by the set power generation amount. The measured power generation degree 220 may also be calculated using, for example, the difference between the measured power generation amount and the set power generation amount, and the calculation method of the measured power generation degree 220 can be changed as appropriate. In this embodiment, the set power generation amount information 310 includes information on the predicted power generation amount, and can be set from, for example, weather forecasts, the correlation between solar radiation and power generation amount, the usage of a typical model house or facility, the actual power generation amount of each energy supply unit 2, etc. When setting from the actual power generation amount of each energy supply unit 2, for example, the set power generation amount may be determined from the actual value acquired the previous day, or the set power generation amount may be updated by continuously acquiring and learning the actual value. Furthermore, the power generation information 310 can be set by region or season, based on the family structure of the residents, or separately for weekdays and holidays.

[0035] The monitoring and instruction terminal 80 has a margin determination unit 830 that determines whether the battery 40 is in a margin state or a non-margin state. In this embodiment, when the day / night determination unit 800 determines that it is daytime, the margin determination unit 830 determines whether it is in a margin state or a non-margin state based on the remaining charge information 140 and status information 150 of the battery 40. Specifically, when the day / night determination unit 800 determines that it is daytime, the margin determination unit 830 compares the remaining charge of the battery 40 with a preset daytime setting remaining charge 340. Also in this embodiment, when the day / night determination unit 800 determines that it is nighttime, the margin determination unit 830 determines whether it is in a margin state or a non-margin state based on the remaining charge information 140 and time information 400 of the battery 40. Specifically, when the day / night determination unit 800 determines that it is nighttime, the margin determination unit 830 compares the remaining charge of the battery 40 with a preset nighttime setting remaining charge 350. In this embodiment, the night setting remaining charge 350 changes according to the time, reaching its maximum value immediately after the switch from day to night and its minimum value immediately before the switch from night to day. The margin determination unit 830 refers to the night setting remaining charge 350 for that time from the time information 400 and compares it with the remaining charge of the storage battery 40.

[0036] The monitoring and instruction terminal 80 has a reverse power flow detection unit 840 that detects the reverse power flow in which power is supplied from the solar power generation device 30 to the commercial grid 20. In this embodiment, the reverse power flow is detected by the current value of the grid current sensor 70.

[0037] The monitoring and instruction terminal 80 has a surplus / deficit information generation unit 850 that generates self-energy surplus / deficit information 250 regarding the surplus / deficit of self-energy in the energy supply and demand unit 2, based on the day / night determination unit 800 determining that it is daytime, usage degree comparison information 230 obtained by comparing the self-energy usage degree 210 with a preset setting usage degree 320, measured degree comparison information 240 obtained by comparing the measured power generation degree 220 with a preset setting power generation degree 330, whether the storage battery 40 is in a surplus or non-surplus state, and whether or not reverse power flow has been detected by the reverse power flow detection unit 840. In this embodiment, the usage degree comparison information 230 is information on the relative magnitudes of the self-energy usage degree 210 and the setting usage degree 320, and the measured degree comparison information 240 is information on the relative magnitudes of the measured power generation degree 220 and the setting power generation degree 330. Furthermore, when the day / night determination unit 800 determines that it is nighttime, the surplus / deficit information generation unit 850 generates self-energy surplus / deficit information 250 based on the usage comparison information 230 and whether the storage battery 40 is in a surplus state or a deficient state. The surplus / deficit information generation unit 850 classifies the surplus / deficit of self-energy in the energy supply / receive unit 2 into one of three states: surplus, balanced, or insufficient, and uses this as the self-energy surplus / deficit information 250.

[0038] The monitoring and instruction terminal 80 has a surplus / deficit information transmission unit 860 that transmits private energy surplus / deficit information 250 to a predetermined device. The surplus / deficit information transmission unit 860 transmits the private energy surplus / deficit information 250 to the energy sharing integrated system 3. Based on the received private energy surplus / deficit information 250, the energy management system 3 receives energy from or supplies energy to each energy receiving / supply unit 2.

[0039] The monitoring and instruction terminal 80 has a heat storage control unit 870 that increases the heat storage function of the heating and cooling equipment 10 as a heat storage device based on the self-energy surplus / deficit information 250 regarding the power of the energy supply and demand unit 2. Specifically, the heat storage control unit 870 increases the heat storage function of the heating and cooling equipment 10 when there is a surplus of self-energy, maintains the heat storage function of the heating and cooling equipment 10 when there is a balance of self-energy, and decreases the heat storage function of the heating and cooling equipment 10 when there is a shortage of self-energy. In this embodiment, for example, when there is a surplus of self-energy, the heating or cooling function of the air conditioner is increased to increase the amount of heat stored in the room, and the heating function of the water heater is increased to increase the amount of heat stored in the water.

[0040] Furthermore, the monitoring and instruction terminal 80 has an air conditioning limiting unit 880 that limits the increase or decrease of the heat storage function of the air conditioning system by the heat storage control unit 870 based on indoor information of a predetermined room where heating and cooling are performed by the air conditioning system. In this embodiment, the indoor information is temperature information 510 and human presence information 520. Specifically, it determines whether the indoor temperature is within a preset temperature range 360, and if it is not, it prohibits the increase or decrease of the heat storage function. In this embodiment, the air conditioning control unit 870 also prohibits the increase or decrease of the heat storage function if there are people in the room. In addition, the monitoring and instruction terminal 80 has a limiting control unit 890 that controls the enable or disable of the restriction of the increase or decrease of the heat storage function by the air conditioning limiting unit 880 based on input from the air conditioning operation unit 2c.

[0041] The operation of the solar power generation system 1, configured as described above, will be explained with reference to the flowcharts in Figures 3 to 6. As shown in Figure 3, the monitoring and instruction terminal 80 determines whether it is day or night based on time information 400 and sunrise / sunset information 370 (step S1). If it is determined to be day in step S1, the terminal compares the self-energy usage rate 210 with the set usage rate 320 and determines whether the self-energy usage rate 210 is greater than or equal to the set usage rate 320 (step S2). The set usage rate 320 can be set arbitrarily, and in this embodiment it is set to 80%. In step S2, the terminal differentiates between cases where the self-energy usage rate 210 is greater than or equal to the set usage rate 320, but it is not important which case is used when the self-energy usage rate 210 and the set usage rate 320 are equal. In short, it is sufficient to differentiate between cases where the self-energy usage rate 210 is greater than or equal to the set usage rate 320 and cases where it is less than the set usage rate 320.

[0042] If the set usage level 320 in step S2 is equal to or greater than the self-energy usage level 210, the measured power generation level 220 is compared with the set power generation level 330 to determine whether the measured power generation level 220 is equal to or greater than the set power generation level 330 (step S3). The set power generation level 330 can be set arbitrarily, and in this embodiment it is set to 80%. In step S3, although the case is divided based on whether the measured power generation level 220 is equal to or greater than the set power generation level 330, it is not important which case is used when the measured power generation level 220 and the set power generation level 330 are equal. In short, it is sufficient to be able to distinguish between cases where the measured power generation level 220 is higher than the set power generation level 330 and cases where it is lower.

[0043] In step S3, if the measured power generation rate 220 is less than the set power generation rate 330, it is determined whether the battery 40 is in a surplus state (step S4). During the day, it is determined that the battery 40 is in a surplus state if it is in a charging state or standby state and the battery level is equal to or greater than the daytime set remaining level 340. The daytime set remaining level 340 can be set arbitrarily, and in this embodiment it is set to 80%. In step S4, the case is divided based on whether the battery level is equal to or greater than the daytime set remaining level 340, but it is not important which case is used when the battery level and the daytime set remaining level 340 are equal. In short, it is sufficient to be able to distinguish between cases where the battery level is above the daytime set remaining level 340 and cases where it is below it.

[0044] If the battery 40 is in a surplus state in step S4, the energy supply unit 2 determines that there is a surplus in its own energy supply and demand, and the self-energy surplus / deficit information 250 indicating a surplus is transmitted to the energy management system 3 (step S5).

[0045] Furthermore, if the measured power generation rate 220 in step S3 is greater than or equal to the set power generation rate 330, or if the battery 40 is in a non-saturated state in step S4, it is determined whether or not reverse power flow has been detected (step S6). If reverse power flow is detected in step S6, it is determined that there is a surplus in the self-generated energy supply and demand unit 2, and the process proceeds to step S5. In other words, in this embodiment, the surplus / deficit information generation unit 850 determines that there is a surplus of self-generated energy when the day / night determination unit 800 determines that it is daytime, and the self-generated energy usage rate 210 exceeds the set usage rate 320, the measured power generation rate 220 falls below the set power generation rate 330, and the battery 40 is in a surplus state, as well as when the self-generated energy usage rate 210 exceeds the set usage rate 320, the measured power generation rate 220 exceeds the set power generation rate 330, and reverse power flow is detected.

[0046] If no reverse power flow is detected in step S6, the energy supply and demand unit 2 is determined to be in a balanced state regarding the surplus or deficit of its own energy, and information 250 indicating that it is in a balanced state regarding the surplus or deficit of its own energy is transmitted to the energy management system 3 (step S7).

[0047] In this embodiment, even if the set usage level 320 is less than the self-generated energy usage level 210 in step S2, the measured power generation level 220 is compared with the set power generation level 330 to determine whether the measured power generation level 220 is equal to or greater than the set power generation level 330 (step S8). If the measured power generation level 220 is equal to or greater than the set power generation level 330 in step S8, the self-generated energy supply and demand unit 2 is determined to be in a state of surplus or deficit, and self-generated energy surplus or deficit information 250 indicating a surplus is transmitted to the energy management system 3 (step S9). In other words, in this embodiment, the surplus or deficit information generation unit 850 determines that there is a surplus of self-generated energy when the day / night determination unit 800 determines that it is daytime and the self-generated energy usage level 210 is less than the set usage level 320. Furthermore, if the measured power generation rate of 220 in step S8 is less than the set power generation rate of 330, the system is judged to be abnormal and transitions to status confirmation mode (step S10).

[0048] If it is determined in step S5 that there is a surplus of self-generated energy, the heat storage control unit 870 sets the control of the heating and cooling equipment 10 to the heat storage increase mode (step S11). As shown in Figure 4, when the heat storage control unit 870 is in the heat storage increase mode, it determines whether the room temperature, which is being heated or cooled by the air conditioner, is within a preset temperature range 360 ​​(step S111). The temperature range 360 ​​can be set arbitrarily, for example, to 18°C ​​or more and 30°C or less. If it is determined in step S111 that the room temperature is within the set temperature range 360, the heat storage control unit 870 determines whether there are people in the room (step S112). If it is determined in step S112 that there are no people, the heat storage control unit 870 increases the heat storage effect of the heating and cooling equipment 10 (step S113). In this embodiment, for the air conditioner of the heating and cooling equipment 10, if it was in the cooling state, the cooling effect is increased, and if it was in the heating state, the heating effect is increased. Furthermore, if the air conditioning system is not operating and is in a stopped state, it is forcibly set to an operating state. This allows thermal energy to be stored in the air directly cooled by the air conditioning system and in the structures of the building, such as walls and columns, which are indirectly cooled. In addition, if the water heater of the heating and cooling equipment 10 is in a stopped state, it is forcibly set to an operating state to store thermal energy in the water. Furthermore, if the water heater is already operating, it is maintained in an operating state. In this embodiment, in step S113, in addition to increasing the heat storage effect of the heating and cooling equipment 10, the battery of the electric vehicle 12 is set to a charging state, the pool pump 13 is set to an operating state, and the electric vehicle 12 and the pool pump 13 are set to a power consumption state. If it is determined in step S111 that the temperature is not within the set temperature range, or if it is determined in step S112 that a person is present, it is determined whether the setting to limit the heat storage effect of the air conditioning system is effective or ineffective (step S114). If the restriction setting is effective in step S114, the air conditioning restriction unit 880 prohibits an increase in the heat storage effect and maintains the heat storage effect of the air conditioning system (step S115). That is, the air conditioning system maintains its current cooling or heating state. In this case, the water heater does not restrict an increase in the heat storage effect. If the air conditioning system is not operating and is in a stopped state, it remains in a stopped state.Furthermore, in this embodiment, in step S115, while maintaining the heat storage function of the air conditioning system, the battery of the electric vehicle 12 is put into a charging state, the pool pump 13 is put into an operating state, and the electric vehicle 12 and the pool pump 13 are put into a power consumption state.

[0049] Furthermore, if it is determined in step S9 that there is a shortage of self-source energy, the heat storage control unit 870 sets the control of the heating and cooling equipment 10 to a heat storage reduction mode (step S13). As shown in Figure 5, when the heat storage control unit 870 is in heat storage reduction mode, it determines whether the room temperature, which is being heated or cooled by the air conditioner, is within a preset temperature range 360 ​​(step S131). If it is determined in step S131 that the room temperature is within the set temperature range 360, the heat storage control unit 870 determines whether there are people in the room (step S132). If it is determined in step S132 that there are no people, the heat storage control unit 870 reduces the heat storage effect of the heating and cooling equipment 10 (step S133). In this embodiment, for the air conditioner of the heating and cooling equipment 10, if it was in a cooling state, the cooling effect is stopped, and if it was in a heating state, the heating effect is stopped. If the air conditioner is not operating and is in a stopped state, it maintains the stopped state. Furthermore, regarding the water heater of the heating and cooling equipment 10, if it was operating, it is set to a stopped state, and if it was stopped, it remains stopped. In this embodiment, in step S133, in addition to reducing the heat storage effect of the heating and cooling equipment 10, the charging of the battery of the electric vehicle 12 is stopped, the pool pump 13 is stopped, and the electric vehicle 12 and the pool pump 13 are set to a state of no power consumption. If it is determined in step S131 that the temperature is not within the set temperature range, or if it is determined in step S132 that a person is present, it is determined whether the setting to limit the heat storage effect of the air conditioning system is effective or ineffective (step S134). If the limit setting is effective in step S134, the air conditioning limiting unit 880 prohibits the reduction of the heat storage effect and maintains the heat storage effect of the heating and cooling equipment 10 (step S135). That is, the air conditioning system maintains its current cooling or heating state. At this time, the reduction of the heat storage effect of the water heater is not limited. If the air conditioning system is not operating and is stopped, it remains stopped. Furthermore, in this embodiment, in step S135, the heat storage function of the air conditioning system is maintained, but the charging of the battery of the electric vehicle 12 is stopped, the pool pump 13 is stopped, and the electric vehicle 12 and the pool pump 13 are in a state of no power consumption.

[0050] Furthermore, if it is determined in step S7 that the self-energy is in a balanced state, the heat storage control unit 870 maintains the heat storage function of the heating and cooling equipment 10 (step S12). In addition, the battery of the electric vehicle 12 and the pool pump 13 maintain their operating states. Then, after steps S113, S115, S133, S135, and S12, the system returns to step S1 to determine whether it is day or night again.

[0051] As shown in Figure 6, if it is determined in step S1 that it is nighttime, the self-energy usage rate 210 is compared with the set usage rate 320 to determine whether the self-energy usage rate 210 is equal to or greater than the set usage rate 320 (step S14). If the set usage rate 320 is equal to or greater than the self-energy usage rate 210 in step S14, it is determined whether the battery 40 is in a surplus state (step S15). At night, the battery 40 is determined to be in a surplus state if its nighttime set remaining charge is 350 or more. As mentioned above, the nighttime set remaining charge 350 changes depending on the time of day. The setting of the nighttime set remaining charge 350 is arbitrary, but in this embodiment, it is set to be 100% immediately after switching from day to night, 10% immediately before switching from night to day, and to decrease linearly during this period.

[0052] If the battery 40 is in a surplus state in step S15, the energy supply unit 2 determines that there is a surplus in its own energy supply and demand, and transmits the surplus / deficit information 250 to the energy management system 3 (step S16). In other words, in this embodiment, the surplus / deficit information generation unit 850 determines that there is a surplus of private energy when the day / night determination unit 800 determines that it is night, the degree of private energy use 210 exceeds the set degree of use 320, and the battery 40 is in a surplus state.

[0053] If the battery 40 is in a non-stable state in step S15, the energy supply unit 2 determines that the surplus or deficit of self-supplied energy is in a balanced state, and self-supplied energy surplus or deficit information 250 indicating that it is in a balanced state is transmitted to the energy management system 3 (step S17).

[0054] In step S14, if the set usage level 320 is less than the self-sourced energy usage level 210, the energy supply and demand unit 2 determines that there is a surplus or deficit of self-sourced energy, and self-sourced energy surplus / deficit information 250 indicating a surplus is transmitted to the energy management system 3 (step S18). In other words, in this embodiment, the surplus / deficit information generation unit 850 determines that there is a surplus of self-sourced energy when the day / night determination unit 800 determines that it is nighttime and the self-sourced energy usage level 210 is less than the set usage level 320.

[0055] If it is determined in step S16 that there is a surplus of self-generated energy, the heat storage control unit 870 sets the control of the heating and cooling equipment 10 to the heat storage increase mode (step S19). If it is determined in step S17 that there is a balance of self-generated energy, the heat storage control unit 870 maintains the heat storage function of the heating and cooling equipment 10 (step S20). If it is determined in step S18 that there is a shortage of self-generated energy, the heat storage control unit 870 sets the control of the heating and cooling equipment 10 to the heat storage decrease mode (step S21). The control and operation of the heating and cooling equipment 10 in steps S19, S20, and S21, the control of charging the electric vehicle battery, and the control of operating the pool pump are the same as in steps S11, S12, and S13. After steps S19, S20, and S21, the process returns to step S1 to determine whether it is day or night again.

[0056] With the solar power generation system 1 configured as described above, information on the surplus or deficit of self-generated energy 250, which takes into account the usage status of self-generated energy in the energy supply unit 2, is transmitted to the energy management system 3. Based on this information, the energy management system 3 can effectively utilize the renewable energy of the energy supply unit 2 and quickly and simply adjust the power output of each energy supply unit 2. Furthermore, for example, when formulating a monthly power adjustment plan for each energy supply unit 2, the system can accurately determine the medium- to long-term power balance for each energy supply unit 2 by aggregating the monthly information on the surplus or deficit of self-generated energy 250 for each energy supply unit 2.

[0057] Furthermore, the energy supply and demand unit 2 is configured to increase or decrease the heat storage function of the heating and cooling equipment 10 based on the surplus or deficit information 250 of the private energy supply and demand unit, thereby enabling the effective use of renewable energy within the energy supply and demand unit 2. In particular, when there is a surplus of private energy, the heating and cooling equipment 10 is forcibly operated to store thermal energy. After the surplus of private energy is resolved, the stored thermal energy is used to reduce the power consumption of the heating and cooling equipment 10. This allows for the utilization of surplus renewable energy without the need to install additional batteries 40. In addition, when there is a surplus of private energy, non-thermal storage equipment such as the electric vehicle 12 and the pool pump 13 are also operated, allowing for the utilization of surplus renewable energy through these means as well. Furthermore, it is possible to reduce the amount of electricity purchased from the commercial grid 20.

[0058] Furthermore, based on the indoor information of a predetermined room where heating and cooling are performed by the air conditioning system, the system is configured to prohibit increasing or decreasing the heat storage function of the air conditioning system, so that heat storage is performed within a range that takes into account the indoor conditions. At this time, the system is not restricted in increasing or decreasing the heat storage function of water heaters that are not involved in heating or cooling the room, so that thermal energy is stored in heating and cooling equipment 10 that does not affect heating and cooling the room. In addition, the system is not restricted in operating non-heat storage equipment such as electric vehicles 12 and pool pumps 13, so that surplus renewable energy is utilized within a range that takes into account the indoor conditions. In this embodiment, the system is configured not to increase or decrease the heat storage function when the room temperature is outside the set temperature range 360, so that the room is not excessively cooled or heated. Also, the system is configured not to increase or decrease the heat storage function when there are people in the room, so when there are people in the room, the air conditioning system is operated according to the setting of the air conditioning control unit 2c. Furthermore, the system controls the activation or deactivation of the restriction on increasing or decreasing the heat storage effect based on input from the air conditioning control unit 2c. This allows the system to increase or decrease the heat storage effect when the restriction is unnecessary. For example, even if the motion sensor 2b reacts to a pet entering the room, the system can still increase or decrease the heat storage effect by deactivating the restriction.

[0059] In the above embodiment, the heat storage function of the heating and cooling equipment 10 is increased, maintained, or decreased based on the self-energy surplus or deficit information 250, but it may also be increased or maintained. Also, in the above embodiment, the air conditioning limiting unit 880 is shown to prohibit the increase or decrease of the heat storage function of the air conditioning system based on indoor information, but it is acceptable for the air conditioning limiting unit 880 to impose some kind of restriction on the heat storage function, such as reducing the range of increase or decrease in the heat storage function.

[0060] Figures 7 to 11 show a second embodiment of the present invention, where Figure 7 is a block diagram of the configuration of the photovoltaic power generation system, Figure 8 is a control block diagram of the photovoltaic power generation system, and Figures 9 to 11 are flowcharts showing the operation of the photovoltaic power generation system.

[0061] As shown in Figure 7, in this solar power generation system 101, the energy supply unit 102 has a disconnection switch 21 that can disconnect the power supply from the commercial grid 20 to the load. Figure 7 is the same as the above embodiment except for the presence or absence of the disconnection switch 21.

[0062] As shown in Figure 8, the monitoring and instruction terminal 80 has a mode switching unit 895 that switches between a normal mode in which control is performed when power is supplied to the load from the commercial power grid 20, and a system disconnection mode in which control is performed when the power supply from the commercial power grid 20 to the load is disconnected by the disconnection switch 21. Figure 8 is the same as the above embodiment except that the mode switching unit 895 is provided, the recovery setting remaining amount 380 used by the mode switching unit 895 is stored in the setting information storage unit 300, and the air conditioning limiting unit 880 and the limiting control unit 890 are not provided.

[0063] The monitoring and instruction terminal 80, as in the above embodiment, includes a day / night determination unit 800, a usage degree calculation unit 810, an actual measurement degree calculation unit 820, a margin determination unit 830, a reverse power flow detection unit 840, an excess / deficit information generation unit 850, an excess / deficit information transmission unit 860, and a heat storage control unit 870. The method for determining the excess / deficit of self-generated energy in the energy supply / receiving unit 2, such as surplus, balance, and deficit, is the same as in the above embodiment.

[0064] The mode switching unit 895 switches from normal mode to grid disconnection mode when the self-energy is in a surplus or balanced state in normal mode and a predetermined grid disconnection condition is met. In this embodiment, the grid disconnection condition is whether or not the user has enabled permission for grid disconnection. The mode switching unit 895 switches from grid disconnection mode to normal mode when the remaining charge of the storage battery 40 falls below a preset recovery setting remaining charge of 380 in grid disconnection mode. In this embodiment, the heat storage control unit 870 reduces the heat storage effect of the heating and cooling equipment 10 when the storage battery 40 is in a discharge state in grid disconnection mode, and increases the heat storage effect of the heating and cooling equipment 10 when the storage battery 40 is in a charging state or standby state in grid disconnection mode.

[0065] The operation of the solar power generation system 101 configured as described above will be explained with reference to the flowcharts in Figures 9 to 11. In this embodiment, the initial state is set to normal mode, and power is supplied from the commercial grid 20. As shown in Figures 9 and 10, the control in normal mode is the same as steps S1 to S9 and S14 to S18 of the above embodiment. In this embodiment, if a shortage is determined in steps S9 and S18, the system immediately returns to step S1. Also, if a surplus or balanced state is determined in steps S5, S7, S16, and S17, the system transitions from normal mode to grid disconnection mode.

[0066] As shown in Figure 11, when the system switches to disconnection mode, the disconnection switch 21 is activated to stop the power supply from the commercial grid 20 (step S101). Subsequently, the monitoring and instruction terminal 80 determines whether the remaining charge of the storage battery 40 is 380 or more (step S102).

[0067] In step S102, if the remaining charge of the storage battery 40 is 380 or more (recovery setting remaining charge), it is determined whether the storage battery 40 is in a discharged state (step S103). If it is determined in step S103 that the storage battery 40 is not in a discharged state, but is in a charging state or standby state, the heat storage control unit 870 increases the heat storage effect of the heating and cooling equipment 10 (step S104). In this embodiment as well, for the air conditioning system, if it was in a cooling state, the cooling effect is increased, and if it was in a heating state, the heating effect is increased. If the air conditioning system is not operating and is in a stopped state, it is forcibly set to an operating state. Also, if the water heater is in a stopped state, it is forcibly set to an operating state and heat energy is stored in the water. If the water heater is in an operating state, it is maintained in an operating state.

[0068] If it is determined in step S103 that the battery 40 is in a discharged state, the heat storage control unit 870 reduces the heat storage function of the heating and cooling equipment 10 (step S105). In this embodiment as well, the air conditioner of the heating and cooling equipment 10 stops its cooling function if it was in a cooling state, and stops its heating function if it was in a heating state. If the air conditioner is not operating and is in a stopped state, it remains in a stopped state. The water heater is stopped if it was in an operating state, and remains in a stopped state if it was in a stopped state. After steps S104 and S105, the process returns to step S102, and the remaining charge of the battery 40 is compared again with the recovery setting remaining charge 380. This operation is repeated until the remaining charge of the battery 40 falls below the recovery setting remaining charge 380.

[0069] In step S102, if the remaining charge of the battery 40 falls below the recovery setting remaining charge of 380, the system switches to normal mode, reconnects the disconnection switch 21, and resumes power supply from the commercial grid 20 (step S106). The recovery setting remaining charge of 380 can be set arbitrarily, and in this embodiment it is set to 30%. As shown in Figure 11, after switching to normal mode, the system returns to step S1.

[0070] With the solar power generation system 101 configured as described above, information on the surplus or deficit of private energy 250, which takes into account the usage status of renewable energy in the energy supply and receiving unit 2, is transmitted to the energy management system 3. Based on this information, the energy management system 3 can effectively utilize renewable energy in the energy supply and receiving unit 2 and quickly and simply adjust the power output of each energy supply and receiving unit 2. Furthermore, since the system is configured to disconnect the commercial grid 20 when private energy is in a surplus or balanced state, the amount of electricity purchased from the commercial grid 20 can be reduced.

[0071] Furthermore, in the energy supply and demand unit 2, when the grid is disconnected, the heat storage function of the heating and cooling equipment 10 is increased or decreased based on the remaining charge information 140 and status information 150 of the storage battery 40, so that renewable energy can be effectively utilized within the energy supply and demand unit 2. In other words, when the grid is disconnected, if the storage battery 40 meets predetermined conditions, the heating and cooling equipment 10 is forcibly operated to store thermal energy, so that renewable energy can be utilized without adding storage batteries 40. In this embodiment, the increase or decrease in the heat storage function of the air conditioner is not restricted, but as in the above embodiment, the increase or decrease in the heat storage function may be restricted.

[0072] In the embodiments described above, the power information 110 and 120 are obtained from the current sensors 70 and 75. However, they may also be obtained from a power meter or from the power conditioner 60, and the method of obtaining the power information 110 and 120 is arbitrary. Furthermore, the method of obtaining other information can also be arbitrarily changed.

[0073] Furthermore, although the above embodiments show the heat storage control unit 870 located on the monitoring and instruction terminal 80, the heat storage control unit 870 may also be located on the heating and cooling equipment 10. Also, although an air conditioner and a water heater were given as examples of heating and cooling equipment 10, it may also be a heating and cooling system that heats and / or cools liquid or solid heat storage material embedded in the floor or walls, for example. If the air conditioner and other heating and cooling equipment are used to heat and cool the same room, the other heating and cooling equipment may be linked with the air conditioner to increase or limit the heat storage effect.

[0074] Furthermore, in the embodiments described above, when it is determined to be daytime, the system is shown to have a surplus of private energy after going through steps S2, S3, S4, and S6. However, in systems that do not generate reverse power flow, for example, step S6 related to reverse power flow can be omitted. Also, for example, as shown in Figure 12, in systems that do not have a storage battery 40, the private energy power information can be information related to power supplied only from the solar power generation device, and step S4 related to the storage battery 40 can be omitted. Moreover, the order of steps S2, S3, S4, and S6 can be changed as appropriate.

[0075] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 13, for example, it is also possible to generate self-energy surplus / deficit information 250 based solely on the measured degree comparison information 240. In the modified example of Figure 13, steps S2, S3, S4, S6, S7, and S12 of the first embodiment are omitted, and if it is determined in step S1 that it is daytime, the measured power generation degree 220 is compared with the set power generation degree 330 to determine whether the measured power generation degree 220 is equal to or greater than the set power generation degree 330 (step S8). If the measured power generation degree 220 is equal to or greater than the set power generation degree 330 in step S8, it is determined that there is a surplus / deficit in self-energy in the energy supply / receive unit 2, and self-energy surplus / deficit information 250 indicating a surplus / deficit is transmitted to the energy management system 3 (step S9). Furthermore, if the measured power generation rate 220 in step S3 is less than the set power generation rate 330, the energy supply and demand unit 2 is determined to be in a surplus state regarding the surplus or deficit of its own energy, and information on the surplus or deficit of its own energy 250 is transmitted to the energy management system 3 (step S5). In the modified example shown in Figure 13, during the day, the own energy is classified into two states: surplus and deficit. In addition, in the modified example shown in Figure 13, the operation at night is the same as in the first embodiment, and the own energy is classified into three states: surplus, balanced, and deficit.

[0076] Furthermore, in the embodiments described above and the modified examples in Figure 13, the generation of the self-energy surplus / deficit information 250 was shown by dividing the measured power generation amount by the set power generation amount to obtain the measured power generation degree 220, and then comparing the measured power generation degree 220 with the set power generation degree 330. However, as long as the self-energy surplus / deficit information 250 is generated based on the measured power generation amount and the set power generation amount, it may be generated by other methods. For example, the self-energy surplus / deficit information 250 may simply be compared with the set power generation amount, and if the measured power generation amount exceeds the set power generation amount, it may be determined that the self-energy in the energy supply and demand unit 2 is in a surplus state, and if it falls below, it may be determined that the self-energy in the energy supply and demand unit 2 is in a deficit state. In other words, the surplus / deficit information generation unit only needs to generate the self-energy surplus / deficit information based on at least the measured power generation amount of the solar power generation device and a preset set power generation amount. In addition, the set power generation amount of the set power generation amount information 310 may be varied based on the information on electricity sold or purchased by the energy supply and demand unit 2. For example, if the user has authorized the sale of electricity from the energy supply unit 2, or if the system is set to a mode that prioritizes selling electricity, the set power generation amount can be reduced to make it easier for the system to determine that there is a surplus of self-generated energy in the energy supply unit 2. In this case, the extent to which the set power generation amount is reduced is arbitrary, but it can be set to, for example, 80% of the normal set power generation amount. On the other hand, for example, if the user has authorized the purchase of electricity from the energy supply unit 2, or if the system is set to a mode that prioritizes purchasing electricity, the set power generation amount can be increased to make it easier for the system to determine that there is a shortage of self-generated energy in the energy supply unit 2. In this case, the extent to which the set power generation amount is increased is arbitrary, but it can be set to, for example, 120% of the normal set power generation amount.

[0077] Furthermore, in the embodiments described above, when it is determined to be nighttime, the self-energy surplus / deficit information 250 is generated based on both the usage comparison information 230 and whether the storage battery 40 is in a surplus state. However, for example, it may be generated based on either one of them. Also, in the embodiments described above, the self-energy surplus / deficit information generation unit 850 is classified into three states: surplus, balanced, and deficient. However, it may be further divided into four or more states, or simply into two states, such as whether it is in a surplus state or not, or whether it is in a deficient state or not. The number and types of classifications can be appropriately changed depending on the device, program, etc., in which the self-energy surplus / deficit information 250 is used. For example, it is possible to divide the surplus state into multiple ranks, or the deficient state into multiple ranks.

[0078] Furthermore, in the above embodiments, the heat storage control unit 870 is shown to stop the operation of the heating and cooling equipment 10 when it reduces the heat storage effect of the heating and cooling equipment 10. However, it is also possible to reduce the cooling or heating effect of the heating and cooling equipment 10.

[0079] Figures 14 and 15 show a third embodiment of the present invention, where Figure 14 is a block diagram relating to energy in a single microgrid energy supply and demand system, and Figure 15 is a block diagram relating to communication in a single microgrid energy supply and demand system.

[0080] In this energy supply and demand system 1000, in the microgrid 1001, energy is supplied from energy receiving units 2,202,302 with a surplus of self-generated energy to energy receiving units 2,202,302 with a shortage of self-generated energy. As shown in Figure 14, multiple energy receiving units 2,202,302 belong to the microgrid 1001, and each energy receiving unit 2,202,302 is electrically connected by the power transmission network 1002. In this embodiment, the power transmission network 1002 is connected to the commercial grid 20 of the power company. In this embodiment, the microgrid 1001 includes an energy receiving unit 2 similar to Figure 1, equipped with a photovoltaic power generation device 30 and a storage battery 40; an energy receiving unit 202 similar to Figure 12, equipped with a photovoltaic power generation device 30 but without a storage battery 40; and an energy receiving unit 302 without a photovoltaic power generation device 30 and a storage battery 40.

[0081] As shown in Figure 15, each energy supply and demand unit 2,202,302 is connected to each other via a communication network 1003. In this embodiment, there is an administrator who manages the energy supply and demand status of the microgrid 1001, and an energy management system 3 operated by the administrator is connected to the communication network 1003. The energy management system 3 consists of a computer such as a personal computer or workstation, and, similar to the monitoring and instruction terminal 80 in each of the embodiments, has an input unit, an output unit, a media reading unit, storage, memory, a calculation unit, and an interface unit, which are interconnected by a system bus. Each energy supply and demand unit 2,202,302 transmits self-energy surplus and deficit information 250 regarding the surplus or deficit of self-energy to the energy management system 3. In the energy supply and demand unit 2 equipped with a solar power generation device 30 and a storage battery 40, self-energy surplus and deficit information 250 is generated, classified as either a surplus state, a balanced state, or a deficit state for self-energy, according to the procedure of the flowchart in Figures 3 to 6. Furthermore, in an energy supply and demand unit 202 equipped with a solar power generation device 30 but not a battery storage device 40, self-energy surplus / deficit information 250 is generated, classifying the self-energy into either a surplus or deficit state, according to the procedure in the flowchart of Figure 13. In addition, in an energy supply and demand unit 302 that is not equipped with a solar power generation device 30 and a battery storage device 40, the self-energy is always in a deficit state, so the self-energy surplus / deficit information 250 is always in a deficit state without going through the prescribed procedure.

[0082] The energy management system 3 acts as a supply and demand adjustment unit that, based on the transmitted private energy surplus and deficit information 250, supplies power via the power transmission network 1002 from energy receiving units 2,202,302 classified as having a surplus state to energy receiving units 2,202,302 classified as having a deficit state. Specifically, the energy management system 3 receives power from the energy receiving units 2,202,302 in a surplus state to the power transmission network 1002, and also sends power from the power transmission network 1002 to the energy receiving units 2,202,302 in a deficit state. Matching between energy receiving units 2,202,302 in a surplus state and those in a deficit state is preferably performed by searching for the other energy receiving unit 2,202,302 in a surplus state when an energy receiving unit 2,202,302 in a deficit state exists, in order to prevent information confusion. In this case, each energy consumer in each energy receiving unit 2 conducts energy trading with other consumers through the administrator of the energy management system 3. By repeatedly conducting these energy trading transactions, the surplus and deficit states of each energy receiving unit 2,202,302 are updated, thereby achieving an overall energy balance within the microgrid 1001. According to this energy supply and demand system 1000, renewable energy in the microgrid 1001 can be effectively utilized and power adjustments for each energy receiving unit 2 can be accurately performed under the management of the energy management system 3.

[0083] Furthermore, in the third embodiment, it is preferable to rank the surplus energy receiving and supply units 2,202,302 and 302, and to prioritize the supply of electricity from the higher-ranked energy receiving and supply units 2,202,302. The ranking of surplus states is basically based on the amount of energy surplus, but it is preferable to also take into account the requests of each consumer. For example, if a consumer wishes to restrict the sale of electricity, the restriction setting can be accepted, and the rank can be lowered according to the desired degree of restriction.

[0084] Furthermore, while the third embodiment shows that energy trading is conducted through the administrator of the energy management system 3, it is also possible for consumers in each energy supply / receiving unit 2,202,302 to directly trade energy with each other. In this case, the energy management system 3 becomes unnecessary as each energy supply / receiving unit 2,202,302 shares its own energy surplus / deficit information 250. When consumers trade energy with each other, it is preferable to construct a system in which consumers in a surplus state select consumers in a surplus state and propose a trade, from the viewpoint of preventing information confusion. In addition, it is preferable to use blockchain technology to ensure the security of transactions when sharing the individual energy surplus / deficit information 250.

[0085] Furthermore, the energy supply unit 102 of the second embodiment may belong to the microgrid 1001 of the third embodiment. In this case, the energy management system 3 should remove the energy supply unit 102 from management while the disconnection switch 21 of the energy supply unit 102 is disconnected. In addition, although the third embodiment shows that a surplus / deficit information generation device is provided for each energy supply unit 2,202,302, for example, each energy supply unit 2,202,302 may transmit the information necessary for generating surplus / deficit information of its own energy to the energy management system 3, and the energy management system 3 may classify the surplus / deficit state of the own energy of each energy supply unit 2,202,302. In this case, the energy management system 3 acts as the surplus / deficit information generation device.

[0086] Figures 16 and 17 show a fourth embodiment of the present invention, where Figure 16 is a block diagram relating to energy in an energy supply and demand system of multiple microgrids, and Figure 17 is a block diagram relating to communication in an energy supply and demand system of multiple microgrids.

[0087] As shown in Figure 16, in this energy supply and demand system 200, the microgrids 1001 of the third embodiment are electrically connected to each other by transmission lines 1102. Also, as shown in Figure 17, the energy management systems 3 of each microgrid 1001 are each connected by a communication network 1103. Each energy management system 3 acquires information on the surplus or deficit of its own energy from the energy management system 3 that manages the other microgrids 1001, and shares this information with each microgrid 1001. Based on the shared information on the surplus or deficit of its own energy, each energy management system 3 supplies power from an energy receiving unit 2 classified as having a surplus to an energy receiving unit 2 classified as having a deficit, via the transmission network 1002 and transmission lines 1102. In this case, if the microgrid 1001 to which the energy receiving unit 2 in a surplus state belongs is different from the microgrid 1001 to which the energy receiving unit 2 in a deficit state belongs, each energy management system 3 receives power from the energy receiving unit 2,202,302 in a surplus state to the power transmission network 1002, sends power from the microgrid 1001 to which the energy receiving unit 2,202,302 in a surplus state belongs to the microgrid 1001 to which the energy receiving unit 2,202,302 in a deficit state belongs via the power transmission line 1102, and also sends power from the power transmission network 1002 to the energy receiving unit 2,202,302 in a deficit state. Matching the energy receiving units 2,202,302 in a surplus state is preferable from the viewpoint of preventing information confusion if the energy receiving unit 2,202,302 in a deficit state exists and the other energy receiving unit 2,202,302 in a surplus state is searched for. In this case as well, each energy consumer in each energy supply unit 2 conducts energy trading with other consumers through the administrator of each energy management system 3. According to this energy supply and demand system 2000, renewable energy in multiple microgrids 1001 can be effectively utilized under the management of each energy management system 3, and power adjustments for each energy supply unit 2 can be accurately performed.

[0088] Furthermore, in the fourth embodiment, it is preferable to rank the surplus energy receiving and supply units 2,202,302 and 302, and to prioritize the supply of electricity from the higher-ranked energy receiving and supply units 2,202,302. The ranking of surplus states is basically based on the amount of energy surplus, but it is preferable to also take into account the requests of each consumer. For example, if a consumer wishes to limit the amount of electricity sold, the restriction setting can be accepted, and the rank can be lowered according to the desired degree of restriction.

[0089] Furthermore, in the fourth embodiment, energy transactions may be conducted directly between consumers in each energy supply / receiving unit 2,202,302 without the need for an administrator of the energy management system 3. In this case, each energy supply / receiving unit 2,202,302 can share its own energy surplus / deficit information 250 for each microgrid 1001, as well as the energy surplus / deficit information 250 for each other microgrid 1001, thereby eliminating the need for each energy management system 3. It is preferable to use blockchain technology to ensure the security of transactions when sharing the energy surplus / deficit information 250.

[0090] Furthermore, while the fourth embodiment shows power transmission and reception performed at the level of each energy receiving unit 2,202,302, it is also possible to perform power transmission and reception at the level of each microgrid 1001. For example, for each microgrid 1001, the energy surplus or deficit state can be determined based on the energy surplus or deficit state of each energy receiving unit 2,202,302, and power can be sent from a microgrid 1001 with an energy deficit state to a microgrid 1001 with an energy surplus state. Regarding the energy surplus or deficit of each microgrid 1001, for example, the self-energy surplus or deficit information 250 of each energy receiving unit 2,202,302 can be aggregated, taking into account weighting according to the scale of each energy receiving unit 2,202,302, etc., to determine whether the microgrid 1001 as a whole has an energy surplus or deficit state. In this case, for example, as shown in Figure 18, an overall management system 1203 that comprehensively manages each microgrid 1001 can be connected to the communication network 1103, and each energy management system 3 can be configured to transmit information regarding the energy surplus / deficit status of each microgrid 1001 to the overall management system 1203. In this case, the overall management system 1203 supplies power from the surplus microgrid 1001 to the deficient microgrid 1001 through each transmission line 1102. Matching surplus and deficient microgrids 1001 is preferable from the viewpoint of preventing information confusion, by searching for the other microgrid 1001 that is in a surplus state when a deficient microgrid 1001 exists. Furthermore, it is preferable to rank the surplus states of the microgrids 1001 and to preferentially supply power to the higher-ranked microgrids 1001. The ranking of surplus states is basically based on the amount of energy surplus, but it is preferable to also take into account the requests of each manager. For example, if an administrator wishes to restrict electricity sales, the system can accept the restriction setting and lower the rank according to the desired level of restriction.In this case, the administrators of each microgrid 1001 would conduct energy trading through the administrator of the overall management system 1203. However, by sharing information on the energy surplus / deficit status of each microgrid 1001 in the energy management system 3 of each microgrid 1001, the overall management system 1203 becomes unnecessary, and it is possible for the administrators of each microgrid 1001 to directly trade energy with each other. When administrators trade energy with each other, it is preferable to construct a system in which an administrator with a shortage status selects an administrator with a surplus status to initiate a trade, from the standpoint of preventing information confusion. Furthermore, it is preferable to use blockchain technology to ensure the security of transactions when sharing information on the energy surplus / deficit status of each microgrid 1001.

[0091] Furthermore, while the third and fourth embodiments show examples where an energy supply unit 2,202 equipped with a solar power generation device belongs to the microgrid 1001, it may also include an energy supply unit equipped with other renewable energy power generation devices, such as a wind power generation device. In other words, energy should be supplied from an energy supply unit with a surplus to an energy supply unit with a shortage, based on the surplus or shortage information of each energy supply unit. This solves the conventional problem that it is not possible to finely adjust the power for each energy supply unit in a microgrid.

[0092] Here, Figure 19 shows the data obtained by applying the solar power generation system of the first embodiment to an actual house. It should be noted that almost the same data as in Figure 19 was obtained not only for systems where reverse power flow is permitted, as in the first embodiment, but also for systems where reverse power flow is not permitted. Figures 19 to 21 are graphs showing the hourly power supply amount from the commercial grid, solar power generation, and storage battery, and the hourly power consumption amount from the load, storage battery, and reverse power flow. Figure 19 shows the embodiment, Figure 20 shows the first comparative example, and Figure 21 shows the second comparative example. The data for the first and second comparative examples are obtained from houses to which a conventional solar power generation system is applied, without using information on the degree of self-energy usage and self-energy surplus / deficit. The first comparative example is an example where a system where reverse power flow is permitted is applied, and the second comparative example is an example where a system where reverse power flow is not permitted is applied.

[0093] As shown in Figure 20, in the first comparative example, reverse power flow occurs between 12:00 and 17:00. Also, as shown in Figure 21, in the second comparative example, the amount of electricity supplied from solar power generation between 12:00 and 16:00 is significantly less compared to between 7:00 and 11:00. This is because the renewable energy obtained from solar power generation was either supplied to the commercial grid or suppressed and discarded because it could not be consumed by the load, storage batteries, etc.

[0094] In contrast, in the embodiment, as shown in Figure 19, power consumption was intentionally increased by forcibly operating the air conditioning system, which is a heating and cooling device, between 12:00 and 16:00, and no reverse power flow occurred. Furthermore, even in the embodiment where a system in which reverse power flow is not permitted was applied, the amount of renewable energy obtained from solar power generation was reduced compared to Comparative Example 2. At this time, the air conditioning system cooled the room to a degree that was not excessive, and thermal energy was stored. As a result, power consumption by the air conditioning system after 18:00, after sunset, was reduced, and the discharge amount of the storage battery was also reduced, making it possible to reduce the amount of power supplied from the commercial grid and reduce the amount of electricity purchased until dawn. As shown in Figure 19, the amount of power supplied from the commercial grid decreased particularly between 0:00 and 5:00, improving the efficiency of renewable energy utilization.

[0095] Although embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the embodiments described above do not limit the invention as defined in the claims. Furthermore, it should be noted that not all combinations of features described in the embodiments are necessarily essential for solving the problem of the invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0096] 1. Solar power generation system 2. Energy supply and demand section 3. Energy Management System 10 Hot and cold equipment 20 Commercial lines 30 Solar power generation equipment 40 Storage batteries 70-system current sensor 75 Renewable Energy Current Sensor 80 Monitoring and Instruction Terminals 101 Solar power generation system 102 Energy Supply and Demand Section 110 Grid power information 120 Self-contained energy electricity information 140 remaining battery information 150 Status Information 201 Solar power generation system 202 Energy Supply and Demand Section 210 Degree of private energy use 220 Measured power generation rate 230 Usage Comparison Information 240 Comparison Information on Actual Measurement Degree 250 Information on surplus or shortage of private energy 302 Energy Supply and Demand Section 310 Setting power generation information 320 Setting Usage 330 Setting power generation level 340 Daytime setting remaining amount 350 remaining battery capacity (nighttime setting) 510 Temperature information 520 people presence information 800 Day / Night Discrimination Unit 810 Usage Calculation Unit 820 Measurement degree calculation unit 830 Margin Judgment Unit 840 Reverse power flow detection unit 850 Surplus / deficiency information generation unit 870 Heat Storage Control Unit 880 Air Conditioning Restriction Unit 890 Limit Control Unit 1000 Energy supply and demand systems 1001 Microgrid 1002 Power grid

Claims

1. A photovoltaic power generation system including an energy receiving and supplying unit that consumes power supplied from a commercial system and a photovoltaic power generation device by a load, wherein the load includes a heat storage device that stores heat for a predetermined heat storage unit, a usage rate calculation unit that calculates the usage rate of the power supplied from the photovoltaic power generation device in the total supplied power based on the grid power information regarding the power supplied from the commercial system and the self-generated power information regarding the power supplied from the photovoltaic power generation device, and sets it as the self-generated energy usage rate; an excess / deficiency information generation unit that generates self-generated energy excess / deficiency information regarding the excess or deficiency of self-generated energy in the energy receiving and supplying unit based on the usage rate comparison information obtained by comparing the self-generated energy usage rate with a preset set usage rate; and a heat storage control unit that increases the heat storage effect of the heat storage device based on the self-generated energy excess / deficiency information. A photovoltaic power generation system comprising:

2. In addition to the commercial system and the photovoltaic power generation device, power is also supplied to the load from a storage battery, the self-generated power information relates to the power supplied from the photovoltaic power generation device and the storage battery, The photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the usage rate calculation unit calculates the usage rate of the power supplied from the photovoltaic power generation device and the storage battery in the total supplied power and sets it as the self-generated energy usage rate.

3. The heat storage device includes an air conditioner that performs heating and cooling in a predetermined room, The photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising an air conditioning restriction unit that restricts an increase or decrease in the heat storage effect of the air conditioner by the heat storage control unit based on the room information in the predetermined room.

4. The photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 3, further comprising a restriction control unit that controls the validity of the restriction on the increase or decrease in the heat storage effect by the air conditioning restriction unit based on an input from an air conditioning operation unit that performs an operation input of the air conditioner.

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