System for a cable section transmitting electrical energy, transmission system and method of operating said system

Abstract

The present invention relates to a system 2 for an electric cable section 4 transmitting electric energy, the system 2 comprising a first sensor 6 for detecting an electric signal in the cable section 4, a processor unit 8, a data memory 10 and a signal interface 12, the data memory 10 storing a first curve set 14 consisting of a plurality of first curves 16 each having an associated distance to the first sensor 6, each first curve 16 representing a pulse response to an electric pulse 20 due to a modeled partial discharge in the cable section 4, predetermined using a cable model of the cable section 4, in the associated distance to the first sensor 6 for each first curve 16, the first sensor 6 receiving an actual partial discharge 22, referred to as a first discharge signal 24. The signal interface 12 is configured to detect an electrical signal induced in the cable section 4 by the first measurement signal M and transmit a first measurement signal M representing a first discharge signal 24 to the processor unit 8 directly or indirectly; the processor unit 8 is configured to determine, based on the first measurement signal M, one of the first curves 16 of the first curve set 14 as a first discharge curve 26, which best correlates with the first discharge signal 24; the processor unit 8 is configured to determine a first sensor distance E of the actual partial discharge 22 to the first sensor 6 based on the distance associated with the first discharge curve 26; and the signal interface 12 is configured to transmit an output signal U representing the first sensor distance E.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention transmits electrical energy Power transmission cable configured as an electrical cable A system for transmitting electric energy, a transmission system for transmitting electric energy and a transmission system for transmitting electric energy Power transmission cable configured as an electrical cable The present invention relates to a method for operating a system for [Background technology]

[0002] Transmits electrical energy Power transmission cable configured as an electrical cable is well known in the art. Power Cable can consist of a single cable section or of several cable sections connected in sequence. Power Cable It can also be called an electric cable. On a power transmission cable configured as an electrical cable The transmission of electrical energy can be carried out by means of DC or AC voltages. To transmit electrical energy over large distances, very large voltages are often used. Power Cable can be configured as a high voltage cable. Power Cable have a conductive core, which can often consist of a number of individual conductive cores. Around that core are arranged several layers, often of different materials and / or with different functions. One of these layers can be an insulating layer. In practice, it can be assumed that so-called partial discharges occur, which are generated from the location of the partial discharge, also called the partial discharge site. Power Cable The signal caused by a partial discharge is also called a partial discharge signal. Power Cable However, the partial discharge signal may be detected by a sensor at the end of the circuit. Power Cable It should be taken into account that the physical properties of the electromagnetic field can cause attenuation and dispersion, e.g., the frequency content of the pulses caused by partial discharges, Power Cable The structural composition of Power Cable The laying type of Power Cable Temperature and / or Power Cable It also depends on the deterioration of Power Cable A single sensor at one end of the cable is not sufficient. Rather, it is necessary to have a single sensor at one end of the cable in order to be able to calculate, by propagation time and triangulation, where the partial discharge occurred or where the partial discharge is located. Power Cable A second sensor at the opposite end of the line is necessary. Due to the dependence of the partial discharge signal on attenuation and dispersion, non-small deviations often occur between the calculated partial discharge location and the actual partial discharge location. Furthermore, due to said attenuation and dispersion, it is conceivable that the partial discharge signal is subject to such a large dispersion and / or attenuation, in particular a frequency-dependent attenuation, that it is not detected as a pulse signal by the sensor and / or the evaluation equipment. Therefore, it is possible that undetected partial discharges Power Cable If multiple such partial discharges occur at the same partial discharge location, Power Cable This can cause significant damage and should be prevented. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0003] The objective of this invention is to reliably detect partial discharges and to track the location of partial discharges up to the sensor. distance The precise identification The present invention provides a system and corresponding method for enabling [Means for solving the problem]

[0004] In a first aspect of the invention, the above problem is solved by a system having the features of claim 1, namely a system for transmitting electrical energy. Power transmission cable configured as an electrical cable A system for the above is defined. Power Cable The apparatus includes a first sensor for detecting an electrical signal of, a processor unit, a data memory, and a signal interface, the data memory storing a first curve set comprising a plurality of first curves each having an associated distance to the first sensor, each first curve being Power Cable The cable model was previously determined. Power Cable1 represents the pulse response of a modeled partial discharge electrical pulse at an associated distance to a first sensor for each first curve in . The first sensor receives a first discharge signal, referred to as a first discharge signal. Power Cable The first sensor is further configured to transmit, directly or indirectly, a first measurement signal to a processor unit, the first measurement signal being representative of a first discharge signal. The processor unit, based on the first measurement signal, determines as a first discharge curve one of the first curves of the first curve set that best correlates with the first discharge signal. identification The processor unit is configured to determine which of the first curves in the first curve set best matches or correlates with the first discharge signal by using a similarity measure in the feature space, such as, for example, Euclidean distance, Mahalanobis distance, and / or cosine similarity. distance Based on the first sensor, the actual partial discharge up to the first sensor distance of identification The signal interface is configured to distance The input signal is configured to transmit an output signal representative of the input signal.

[0005] Through research, Power transmission cable configured as an electrical cable It was confirmed that partial discharges in the slab can be modeled by electrical pulses. Power Cable It was confirmed that the cable model can be modeled by a mathematical model, i.e., a cable model that can be set by a large number of parameters. These parameters are important in determining whether the model is suitable for practical use. Power Cable The cable model can then be set to model the Power Cable This same cable model was used to induce partial discharges by modeling pulses at partial discharge locations in Power Cable One end or Power CableA pulse response at another sensor location can then be determined, and this pulse response or at least a part of this pulse response will form a curve. This pulse response or curve will form a curve between the location modeled for the sensor and the location modeled for the application of the electrical pulse. distance Therefore, this cable model can be used to measure the distance These curves are the respective associated curves up to the first sensor. distance A plurality of first curves having the same frequency spectrum and amplitude spectrum can be constructed and stored in a data memory. In this case, the first curves differ both in their frequency spectrum and in their amplitude spectrum. In this way, for example, a modeled signal between a partial discharge location and a sensor can be generated. distance The larger is the frequency spectrum of this curve, the lower the frequency and the smaller the magnitude of the maximum amplitude.

[0006] Therefore, it is specifically provided for the system that the data memory stores a first curve set consisting of at least 10 first curves, at least 20 first curves, or at least 30 first curves. distance is a series of increasing distance These can be composed of distance are arranged at equal intervals from each other.

[0007] Power Cable When an electrical signal is detected by the first sensor, this signal can be compared to the first curve to determine which of the curves best matches the detected signal. The curves can be stored in a data memory. distance And this distance teeth, Power transmission cable configured as an electrical cable Actual partial discharge at the first sensor distance Matches.

[0008] Therefore, the first sensor outputs a first discharge signal, called Power Cable It is provided that the first sensor is configured to detect an electrical signal caused by an actual partial discharge in the electrical wiring. Furthermore, the first sensor can transmit a first measurement signal to the processor unit, the first measurement signal being representative of the detected first discharge signal. The first discharge signal is usually an analog signal. In contrast, the first measurement signal is advantageously a digital signal. This provides the advantage that no degradation of information on the detected first discharge signal occurs during transmission to the processor unit. To that end, the first sensor can be configured to digitize the detected first discharge signal and generate the first measurement signal therefrom.

[0009] By transmitting the first measurement signal to the processor unit, the processor unit obtains information not only about the first measurement signal as such, but also about the first discharge signal represented by the first measurement signal, so that the processor unit can find out, among the first curves of the first curve set, a curve that best represents the detected first discharge signal, so that the processor unit determines, based on the first measurement signal, one of the first curves of the first curve set that best correlates with the first discharge signal as the first discharge curve. identification The processor unit may be configured to perform, for example, an auto-correlation with the first discharge curve for each of the first curves, so that each execution of the auto-correlation function results in an auto-correlation value. The first curve for which the largest auto-correlation value is determined is the curve that best correlates with the first discharge signal among the first curves of the first curve set. However, basically, the curve that best correlates with the first discharge signal among the first curves of the first curve set is selected. identification There are other ways to do this. The corresponding curve is called the first discharge curve.

[0010] The processor unit is advantageously coupled to a data memory, so that the processor unit has access to the data memory. In particular, the processor unit stores the first curve and the associated distance The processor unit may be configured to read data relating to the first discharge curve from the data memory. identification As described above, the first discharge curve is one of a plurality of first curves stored in a data memory. The data memory includes a partial discharge curve up to the sensor. distance Represents distance is stored for each first curve. The processor unit then advantageously stores the distance The processor unit is configured to read from the data memory the first discharge curve. distance Based on the first sensor, the actual partial discharge for the first sensor is distance of identification Advantageously, the first sensor is configured to distance is attached to the first discharge curve distance It is.

[0011] The first set of curves is the actual Power Cable with cable models that can be adapted particularly precisely to identification The cable model thus allows also to take into account the actual attenuation and / or dispersion of pulses caused by partial discharges. The first curves of the first curve set are advantageously different both in their frequency response and in their amplitude response. This allows a particularly precise matching of the first curve of the first curve set which best fits the first discharge signal, i.e. advantageously it is not necessary to select any of the first curves as the first discharge curve. identification In fact, the first sensor associated with the first discharge curve is the amplitude response and the frequency response that affect how the first sensor responds to the first discharge curve. distance The sensor can precisely measure the actual distance to the point where the partial discharge occurred. distanceAs shown in the figure, the first discharge curve is accurately selected from the multiple first discharge curves. identification It was confirmed that this is possible.

[0012] The system further comprises a first sensor distance In particular, the output signal can be transmitted from the signal interface. distance In particular, the system includes a first sensor, distance The signal interface may comprise further modules and / or units arranged for further processing of the signal input / output signals, so that the signal interface may also form an integral part of the processor unit, i.e. the processor unit and the signal interface may be arranged integrally.

[0013] The first sensor of the system may be configured to repeatedly and / or periodically detect the electrical signal, such that each detection of the electrical signal generates a first discharge curve and a first sensor. distance too identification The processor unit can be configured accordingly. Furthermore, the signal interface is distance In other words, the output signal can be transmitted in a manner such that identification The first sensor distance The periodic detection of the electrical signal by the first sensor can be achieved by using the present system. Power transmission cable configured as an electrical cable This provides the advantage that continuous monitoring can be performed.

[0014] An advantageous embodiment of the system is characterized in that the system Power Cable The data memory preferably stores the associated data up to the second sensor. distance and storing a second curve set comprising a plurality of second curves having a first degree of freedom (Fp) and each second curve having a second degree of freedom (Fp) and Power CableThe cable model was previously determined. Power Cable For each second curve, the second sensor is attached distance 1 represents a pulse response of a modeled partial discharge electrical pulse at distance At a distance from each other Power Cable The second sensor can be fixed to, advantageously, a second discharge signal, called Power Cable The second sensor is further preferably configured to transmit, directly or indirectly, a second measurement signal representative of the second discharge signal to the processor unit. The processor unit preferably selects, based on the second measurement signal, one of the second curves of the second curve set, which best correlates with the second discharge signal, as the second discharge curve. identification Which of the second curves of the second curve set best matches or correlates with the second discharge signal can be determined by using a similarity measure in the feature space, such as, for example, Euclidean distance, Mahalanobis distance and / or cosine similarity. Furthermore, the processor unit is advantageously configured to: distance , which is attached to the first discharge curve distance and the second discharge curve distance Based on the first sensor, the actual partial discharge up to the first sensor distance of identification It is configured to:

[0015] That is, the system includes, in addition to the first sensor, another sensor, a second sensor, which is also configured to detect an electrical signal. The first and second sensors are predefined sensors. distance in Power Cable Advantageously, the first sensor is Power Cable and a second sensor, Power Cable The second end of the resistor can be fixed to the opposite end of the resistor. Power CableWhen a partial discharge occurs in the Power transmission cable configured as an electrical cable Due to attenuation and dispersion of the discharge current, different electrical signals reach the two sensors. distance For example, the second sensor distance When the first discharge signal has a higher amplitude in the high frequency spectrum than the second discharge signal, the first discharge signal has a higher amplitude in the high frequency spectrum than the second discharge signal. In practice, the first discharge signal and the second discharge signal are often different, so that for each of the two discharge signals, the associated discharge curves are identification It is possible.

[0016] For this purpose, advantageously, a data memory is provided for each associated second sensor. distance The second curve set is defined as a set of second curves having a second curve having a second set of second curves. distance Regarding the first curve set, the first curve and its associated distance Reference is also made to the advantageous descriptions, advantageous features, technical effects and / or advantages as explained in relation to the present invention. That is to say, it can be basically provided that the data memory stores a first curve set and a second curve set. The two curve sets can be different. However, it is also possible that the first curve set and the second curve set are the same. In this case, the data memory can store a common curve set which constitutes both the first curve set and the second curve set. The same applies to the appended claims. distance This can also be said.

[0017] The second sensor may be configured similarly to the first sensor. Therefore, for the second sensor, reference is made to the advantageous descriptions, advantageous features, technical effects and / or advantages described in connection with the first sensor. However, the first discharge signal and the second discharge signal may be configured similarly to the first sensor. Power Cable It should be noted that the distance from the partial discharge to the two sensors is often different. distanceAnd / or due to different physical conditions, the first discharge signal is often different from the second discharge signal.

[0018] Therefore, advantageously, the processor unit selects from the second curves of the second curve set a second discharge curve that best correlates with the second discharge signal. identification The processor unit is further configured to: distance The same can be defined for the first discharge curve. In that way, the processor unit can read out the distance In the ideal case, two read data are distance The sum of the two sensors is a predetermined sensor distance As a result, the first sensor distance , i.e. Power transmission cable configured as an electrical cable Between the actual partial discharge location (partial discharge point) at and the first sensor distance is attached to the first partial discharge curve distance By identification However, the first sensor distance is attached to the second discharge curve distance A predetermined sensor distance Also by dividing by identification In this case, the processor unit is distance , which is attached to the first discharge curve distance and the second discharge curve distance Based on the first sensor distance of identification The processor unit may be configured to perform the mathematical steps described above. distance and the second discharge curve distance The difference is attached to the first discharge curve. distance If it does not match, for example, the difference and the first discharge curve distance The first sensor is distance of identification The processor unit can be configured accordingly. distance By considering the first sensor distance More precisely identification It is possible.

[0019] Another advantageous embodiment of the system is characterized in that the system delivers at least one first electrical pulse. Power Cable The processor unit includes a first pulse supply unit for supplying a first pulse to the processor unit. On the power cable Electric pulse Transmission characteristics The processor unit is further configured to control the first pulse supply unit to generate an electrical pulse, called a first reference pulse, using the first pulse supply unit. Power Cable The first pulse supply unit is configured to supply a first pulse from the first sensor. distance The first sensor is configured to detect an electrical signal caused by the first reference pulse, referred to as a first reference signal. The first sensor is further configured to transmit, directly or indirectly, a first test signal to the processor unit, the first test signal representing the first reference signal. The processor unit is further configured to adapt parameters of a cable model based on the first test signal, so that a parameter of the cable model represented by the cable model is adapted. Transmission characteristics is represented by a first reference pulse and a first reference signal, Power Cable The actual Transmission characteristics Matches.

[0020] In association with the system, a data memory is capable of storing a first curve set comprising a plurality of first curves; Power CableIt has already been mentioned that the respective first curves of the first curve set can be predefined using a cable model of the first curve set. This cable model can for example be stored in a data memory of the system. Furthermore, this cable model can be loaded, for example by a processor unit, in order to execute it. This cable model can be parameter modifiable. By modifying the parameters of the cable model, On the power cable Modeling of electrical pulses Transmission characteristics For example, the cable model parameters can be adapted to Power Cable Another decay of characteristics and / or dispersion characteristics These parameters can be used to generate, for example, one or more of frequency specific attenuation, position specific attenuation, frequency specific dispersion, and position specific dispersion. The processor unit is configured to modify the parameters of the cable model to generate, for example, one or more of frequency specific attenuation, position specific attenuation, frequency specific dispersion, and position specific dispersion. Power Cable of Transmission characteristics of Power Cable The actual Transmission characteristics For the first use of the cable model, pre-determined parameters can be used. However, the parameters of the cable model can be adapted to the actual Transmission characteristics A test signal is advantageous to match the eigenvalues ​​and thereby achieve accurate modeling.

[0021] To this end, the processor unit controls the first pulse supply unit to generate an electrical pulse, called a first reference pulse, using the first pulse supply unit. Power Cable This supply is advantageously arranged to provide a constant current to the first sensor. distance The distance from the first sensor to the first pulse supply unit is distancecan be predetermined or known or both. As explained before, the first sensor detects an electrical signal. Therefore, the first sensor also detects an electrical signal caused by the first reference pulse, called a first reference signal. Furthermore, the first sensor is configured to transmit a test signal to the processor unit, the first test signal representing the first reference signal. Usually, the first reference signal is an analog signal. In order not to degrade the information content, the first sensor can be configured to digitize the first reference signal and to create the first test signal therefrom. Furthermore, the first sensor is configured to transmit the first test signal to the processor unit.

[0022] Furthermore, the processor unit sends a control signal to the first pulse supply unit so that the first reference pulse is Power Cable The control signal may be coupled to the pulse supply unit so as to be supplied to the processor unit. The control signal may represent a first reference pulse. Alternatively or additionally, the processor unit may at least temporarily store data representing the first reference pulse. Alternatively or additionally, a signal may be sent from the pulse supply unit to the processor unit after the first reference pulse has been supplied, the signal representing the first reference pulse.

[0023] The provision of the first reference pulse causes a first reference signal to be detected by the first sensor. Therefore, the processor unit determines based on the first reference pulse and the first reference signal: Power Cable The actual Transmission characteristics The pulse supply unit may be configured to obtain a first reference pulse. Power Cable Since the location of the supply to is known, the pulse corresponding to the first reference pulse is modeled by the cable model. Power Cable The theoretical cable model is represented by the result when the two cables are supplied to the same location. Transmission characteristicsIn view of this background, the processor unit may be configured to adapt parameters of the cable model based on the first test signal to model the Transmission characteristics is represented by a first reference pulse and a first reference signal. Power Cable The actual Transmission characteristics This means that at least for this purpose the processor unit uses a cable model Power Cable Modeling this modeled Power Cable , a pulse corresponding to the first reference pulse, so that the cable model is used to generate an auxiliary signal corresponding to the first reference signal. Therefore, using these auxiliary signals and said pulses, Transmission characteristics in an appropriate manner Power Cable The actual Transmission characteristics In this case, the fitting of the cable model parameters is represented by the cable model Transmission characteristics and Power Cable The actual Transmission characteristics This is done in such a way that the smallest possible difference occurs between the amplitude response and / or the frequency response.

[0024] Therefore, the cable model can be particularly easily adapted to the actual conditions by parameter adaptation of the cable model. Power Cable This is especially true for the initial start-up. However, it is also possible to adapt the cable model during operation by changing the parameters several times. So in practice, strong partial discharges may occur at a given location. Power Cable It can be assumed that the attenuation and / or dispersion of the cable model may change, in particular with respect to the amplitude response or with respect to the frequency response. By means of an adaptation of the parameters of the cable model, these changes can be taken into account. If a new adaptation of the parameters of the cable model is carried out by means of the processor unit, the processor unit re-adapts the first and / or second curve sets. identification The processor unit may be further configured to store the new first curve set in the data memory. The same is true for the new second curve set and distance This also applies to the first sensor during continuous operation. distance Continue to be particularly precise identification You can, for more details, especially Power Cable Even when subject to change identification What you can do becomes possible.

[0025] The parameters of the cable model are, for example, Power Cable The amplitude response, phase response, group propagation time, dielectric constant, and Power Cable With respect to one or more of the other characteristics of Transmission characteristics This allows the cable model to be made particularly accurate and realistic. Power Cable can be adapted to

[0026] Power Cable A first sensor at one end and a first pulse supply unit provide a first reference pulse. Power Cable It has proved to be advantageous to supply the first reference pulse to the opposite end of the cable section. In this case, the first reference pulse must therefore be transmitted over the entire cable section before the corresponding first reference signal caused by the first reference pulse can be detected by the first sensor. Therefore, it is particularly advantageous that the first reference signal is suitable for adapting the parameters of the cable model.

[0027] It has already been mentioned above that it is possible to provide that the system advantageously comprises two sensors, namely a first sensor and a second sensor. Furthermore, it is also advantageous that the first sensor Power Cable and a second sensor is disposed at one end of the Power Cable This opposite end is advantageously supplied with the first reference pulse, as explained above.

[0028] An advantageous embodiment of the system further comprises: the system applying at least one second electrical pulse; Power Cable The processor unit controls the second pulse supply unit to generate an electric pulse called a second reference pulse. Power Cable and a second pulse supply unit configured to supply a second pulse from the second sensor. distance The second sensor is configured to detect an electrical signal caused by the second reference pulse, referred to as a second reference signal. The second sensor is further configured to transmit, directly or indirectly, a second test signal representative of the second reference signal to a processor unit. The processor unit adapts the parameters of the cable model based on the first test signal and the second test signal, thereby generating a cable model represented by the cable model. Transmission characteristics is represented by a first reference pulse and a first reference signal and / or a second reference pulse and a second reference signal. Power Cable The actual Transmission characteristics is configured to match

[0029] With regard to the second pulse supply unit, the second reference pulse, the second reference signal and the second test signal, reference is likewise made to the above-mentioned explanations, advantageous features, technical effects and / or advantages as explained in connection with the first pulse supply unit, the first reference pulse, the first reference signal and the first test signal. However, it should be noted that the second pulse supply unit is not limited to the first pulse supply unit, the first reference pulse, the first reference signal and the first test signal. distance It should be noted that the second pulse supply unit is arranged at an open end. In that way, the second pulse supply unit can for example be arranged such that it supplies a second reference pulse at the same end at which the first sensor is also arranged. The second sensor is advantageously arranged at Power Cable at the opposite end of the first pulse supply unit, at which end the first reference pulse is preferably also supplied. Power CableThe reference pulse must then be transmitted from the first sensor to a second sensor at the opposite end, where it is detected as a second reference signal. However, due to this transmission the supplied reference pulse is subject to frequency and / or amplitude dependent attenuation and / or dispersion.

[0030] Essentially, the second test signal can be used in the same way as the first test signal to adapt the parameters of the cable model. However, the parameters of the cable model can be adapted more accurately if this adaptation is performed on the basis of the first test signal and the second test signal. In this case, the adaptation is performed on the basis of the first test signal and the second test signal represented by the cable model. Transmission characteristics is represented by the first reference pulse and the first reference signal. Power Cable The actual Transmission characteristics and a second reference pulse and a second reference signal Power Cable The actual Transmission characteristics As explained above, a corresponding precise adaptation of the parameters of the cable model can advantageously be performed by the processor unit to update the first and / or second curve sets stored in the data memory. This again depends on the first sensor. distance Particularly accurate identification This makes it possible.

[0031] An advantageous embodiment of the system is characterized in that the first sensor and the second pulse supply unit are configured as a common first converter unit, which comprises: Power Cable Another embodiment of the system is characterized in that the second sensor and the first pulse supply unit are configured as a common second transducer unit, which comprises: Power Cable The first and second converter units may be arranged and / or fixed to the other end of the first converter unit. Power transmission cable configured as an electrical cable The two ends of the two plates may be disposed and / or secured to each other.

[0032] Another advantageous embodiment of the system is characterized in that the processor unit is configured for periodically supplying reference pulses to the first and / or second pulse supply unit and for adapting parameters of the cable model after each supply of a reference pulse.

[0033] The periodic supply of reference pulses, advantageously the periodic supply of the first reference pulses and / or the periodic supply of the second reference pulses, allows the cable model to be updated periodically, whereby a periodic update of the first curve set and / or the second curve set can also be performed. distance For this purpose, the processor unit can be configured accordingly. distance Particularly accurate and up-to-date detection of each is possible.

[0034] Another advantageous embodiment of the system comprises a first sensor Power Cable Furthermore, the processor unit is advantageously adapted to periodically detect the electrical signal of the first sensor, which constitutes a first discharge signal, and to generate an associated first discharge curve each time the electrical signal detected by the first sensor constitutes a first discharge signal. identification Then, based on this first discharge curve, the first sensor of the first sensor up to each partial discharge is distance of identification It is configured to:

[0035] Therefore, advantageously, the first sensor distance is event-controlled, i.e., is always required when the electrical signal detected by the first sensor constitutes a first discharge signal. Power Cable Each time a partial discharge is detected in the first sensor distance of identification It is possible.

[0036] Another advantageous embodiment of the system comprises a second sensor Power CableFurthermore, the processor unit is advantageously adapted to periodically detect the electrical signal of the second sensor, which constitutes a second discharge signal, and to generate an associated second discharge curve each time the electrical signal detected by the second sensor constitutes a second discharge signal. identification Then, a predetermined sensor distance , which is attached to the first discharge curve distance and the second discharge curve distance Based on the first sensor of each partial discharge up to the first sensor distance of identification The first sensor is configured to distance of identification In order to do this, when the system has a first and a second sensor, distance , which is attached to the second discharge curve distance and a predetermined sensor between the two sensors. distance When using the first sensor distance Especially precisely identification It has already been confirmed that this is possible. Therefore, this first sensor distance is also in an event-controlled form, i.e., each time the electrical signals detected by the first and second sensors constitute an associated discharge signal. identification It is possible.

[0037] Another advantageous embodiment of the system is characterized in that the processor unit is adapted to detect the same distance and the output signal is further characterized in that it is indicative of a frequency of a plurality of actual partial discharges in the test tube.

[0038] The processor unit generates the first and / or second discharge curves. identification By being configured to detect and take into account weak partial discharges, the first sensor distance It is possible to calculate the partial discharge current at the same partial discharge location and therefore the same first sensor up to the first sensor. distance If multiple weak partial discharges occur at the same time, this means that these multiple weak partial discharges may in fact have the same adverse effect as a single particularly strong partial discharge. Power Cable Therefore, each Power Cable The same first sensor up to the first sensor in distance is in fact particularly relevant information. Therefore, the transmission of such partial discharge frequency by means of the output signal can advantageously be Power Cable This provides a method for accurately monitoring the status of

[0039] Another advantageous embodiment of the system is characterized in that the processor unit is adapted to detect the same distance and determining at least one characteristic quantity of a plurality of actual partial discharges in the test tube, the output signal being further characterized in that it represents the determined characteristic quantity.

[0040] This characteristic quantity can represent a characteristic of a partial discharge. As such, this characteristic quantity can represent, for example, the energy of a partial discharge. However, the energy of a partial discharge can be only one of many pieces of information that can be derived from the spectral structure of the partial discharge. The processor unit can be configured to perform a source filter separation in order to determine this characteristic quantity.

[0041] Another advantageous embodiment of the system is characterized in that the processor unit is configured to generate an alarm signal if the frequency of partial discharges is greater than a predetermined threshold frequency and / or if the determined characteristic quantity of partial discharges is greater than a predetermined threshold characteristic quantity, and the signal interface is configured to transmit this alarm signal.

[0042] Same first sensor up to the first sensor distance The frequency of partial discharges occurring in Power Cable It has already been mentioned above that partial discharges can cause damage to the electrical grid. The frequency of these partial discharges can then be taken as a measure for the damage. It is therefore advantageous to generate an alarm signal if this frequency is greater than a predefined threshold frequency. This threshold frequency can be: Power Cable It can be predefined that the warning signal is generated in time before the damage to the slab is expected to reach an excessively large magnitude. It is also possible to take into account the characteristic quantity, i.e. when the characteristic quantity is greater than a predefined threshold characteristic quantity. In this case too, Power Cable This can result in damage to the device, so that a corresponding warning signal should be generated.

[0043] Another advantageous embodiment of the system is characterized in that the processor unit determines, based on one or more of the frequency of partial discharges, the at least one determined characteristic quantity of the partial discharges and the adapted parameters: Power Cable and the output signal is further characterized in that it is indicative of said state of deterioration.

[0044] Power Cable Depending on the number and / or size of the lesions, Power Cable The deterioration state of identification This can be done. identification In order to determine the degree of degradation, the processor unit can be configured accordingly. If a high frequency of partial discharges occurs, it indicates that the degradation state is progressing. The same can be determined based on the characteristic quantities. The processor unit can be configured to adapt the parameters of the cable model based on the degradation state.

[0045] Another advantageous embodiment of the system comprises: Power Cable But, Power Cable A plurality of cable segments arranged in sequence along the end face side Opposite ends at are connected to each other to form a joint. Each cable segment is assigned a first sensor and a first curve set for each first sensor, so that the system has a plurality of first sensors and a plurality of first curve sets are stored by the data memory. The processor unit advantageously comprises: distanceThe signal interface is preferably configured to determine the cable segment where the partial discharge occurred as the identified cable segment based on the first sensor signal from the partial discharge to the first sensor of the identified cable segment. distance The input signal is configured to provide an output signal representative of

[0046] In reality, it can be assumed that a partial discharge occurs in one of the cable segments. However, the cable segment with the partial discharge is connected to the other cable segments. Therefore, the partial discharge causes an electric pulse that spreads over all cable segments and is therefore detected by all the first sensors. To prevent a false assumption that a partial discharge has occurred in each of the cable segments, the cable segment with the actual partial discharge is detected by the first sensor using the processor unit. distance The remaining first sensor is determined as the identified cable segment based on distance Further, advantageously, the output signal provided by the signal interface is indicative of the identified cable segment and includes a first sensor up to the first sensor of the identified cable segment. distance Thereby, the first sensor distance Particularly precise and unambiguous identification Therefore, Power Cable Unique partial discharge locations along the entire identification For this purpose the processor unit can be configured accordingly.

[0047] In a second aspect of the invention, the initial problem is solved by a transmission system having the features of claim 15. That is to say, a transmission system for transmitting electrical energy is defined, which transmission system comprises: Power Cableand a system, where the system is based on the first aspect of the invention and / or one of the advantageous embodiments attached thereto, for which reference is made to the above-mentioned descriptions, advantageous features, technical effects and / or advantages as already described for the first aspect of the invention or one of the advantageous embodiments attached thereto.

[0048] In a third aspect of the invention, the initial problem is solved by a method having the features of claim 16, namely a method for transmitting electrical energy. Power transmission cable configured as an electrical cable A method is provided for operating a system for Power Cable The device further comprises a first sensor for detecting an electrical signal of the first sensor, a processor unit, a data memory, and a signal interface. The data memory stores the associated data up to the first sensor. distance A first curve set is stored, the first curve set being made up of a plurality of first curves having a first degree of freedom (Fp) of: Power Cable The cable model was previously determined. Power Cable The first sensor for each first curve in distance The method further comprises the following steps a) to e): In step a), electrical energy is Power Cable In step b), a first discharge signal is transmitted using Power Cable An electrical signal caused by an actual partial discharge at is detected by a first sensor. In step c), a first measurement signal representative of the first discharge signal is transmitted directly or indirectly from the first sensor to a processor unit. In step d), a first curve of the first curve set, which best correlates with the first discharge signal among the first curves of the first curve set, is selected as a first discharge curve based on the first measurement signal by the processor unit. identification In step e), the first sensor of the actual partial discharge up to the first sensor is distance is attached to the first discharge curve using a processor unit. distance Based on identification will be done.

[0049] The method steps correspond to the features of the system according to the first aspect of the invention, so reference is made in respect of the method according to the third aspect of the invention to the advantageous descriptions, advantageous features, technical effects and / or advantages already explained in relation to the system according to the first aspect of the invention.

[0050] Furthermore, with respect to the advantageous embodiments of the method presented below, reference is made to the descriptions, advantageous features, technical effects and / or advantages already explained with respect to the corresponding advantageous embodiments of the system, again without repeating the same.

[0051] An advantageous embodiment of the method comprises the steps of: Power Cable A second sensor detects an electrical signal of the second sensor, and a data memory is provided for each of the second sensors. distance Each of the second curves has a second curve set including: Power Cable The cable model was previously determined. Power Cable For each second curve, the second sensor is attached distance 1 represents a pulse response of an electrical signal due to a modeled partial discharge at a sensor in a predetermined time interval. distance in Power Cable The method further comprises the following further steps d.1) to d.3). In step d.1), a second discharge signal is generated, which is called a second discharge signal. Power Cable An electrical signal caused by the same actual partial discharge at is detected by means of a second sensor. In step d.2) a second measurement signal, called a second discharge signal, is transmitted directly or indirectly from the second sensor to a processor unit. In step d.3) the processor unit determines, based on the second measurement signal, a second curve of the second curve set which best correlates with the second discharge signal among the second curves of the second curve set, as the second discharge signal. identification Step e) further comprises: distance is attached to the second discharge curve using a processor unit. distance Based on identification will be done.

[0052] Another advantageous embodiment of the method further comprises the step of: providing at least one first electrical pulse to the subject; Power Cable The processor unit includes a first pulse supply unit for supplying a first pulse to the processor unit. On the power cable Electric pulse Transmission characteristics The first pulse supply unit is configured to change a parameter of a cable model representing distance The method further includes the following steps f) to i). In step f), the first pulse supply unit is controlled by the processor unit to generate an electric pulse, called a first reference pulse, by the first pulse supply unit. Power Cable In step g), an electrical signal caused by each one of the first reference pulses, called a reference signal, is detected by means of a first sensor. In step h), a first test signal, each representative of one of the first reference signals, is transmitted directly or indirectly from the first sensor to a processor unit. In step i), parameters of a cable model are adapted by means of the processor unit on the basis of the at least one first test signal, resulting in a cable model represented by the cable model. Transmission characteristics is represented by the first reference pulse and the first reference signal. Power Cable The actual Transmission characteristics Matches.

[0053] Another advantageous embodiment of the method further comprises the step of: applying at least one second electrical pulse to the subject; Power Cable a second pulse supply unit for supplying a second pulse from the second sensor to the distance The method further comprises the following further steps j) to l). In step j), the second pulse supply unit is controlled by the processor unit to generate an electric pulse, called a second reference pulse, by the second pulse supply unit. Power CableIn step k), an electrical signal caused by the second reference pulse, called the second reference signal, is detected by means of a second sensor. In step l), a second test signal representative of the second reference signal is transmitted directly or indirectly from the second sensor to the processor unit. Furthermore, in step j), the second test signal represented by the cable model is transmitted directly or indirectly to the processor unit. Transmission characteristics is represented by the first reference pulse and the second reference signal and / or the second reference pulse and the second reference signal. Power Cable The actual Transmission characteristics Using the processor unit, parameters of the cable model are adapted based on the first test signal and the second test signal so as to match

[0054] Another advantageous embodiment of the method is characterized in that it comprises a further step m), in which the first sensor distance An output signal representing is transmitted using the signal interface.

[0055] Another advantageous embodiment of the method is characterized in that the group of method steps a) to e) is carried out once or repeatedly.

[0056] Another advantageous embodiment of the method is characterized in that steps g) to j) or steps g) to m) are performed once, periodically, after or before each execution of the group of steps a) to e) of the method.

[0057] Another advantageous embodiment of the method is advantageously characterized in that after each adaptation of the parameters of the cable model a first and / or a second set of curves is calculated by the processor unit with the cable model updated with the adapted parameters and stored in the data memory.

[0058] Further characteristics, advantages and possible applications of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the examples and the drawings, in which all the characteristics described therein and / or illustrated in the drawings, both individually and in any combination, constitute the subject matter of the present invention, regardless of their construction or reference in the individual claims. Moreover, in the drawings, the same reference numerals represent the same or similar objects. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0059] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first advantageous embodiment of the system; [Diagram 2] A graphical representation of multiple curves in a common curve set [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another advantageous embodiment of the system; [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another advantageous embodiment of the system; [Diagram 5] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another advantageous embodiment of the system; [Figure 6] Advantageous flow diagram of the method [Figure 7] Advantageous flow diagram of the method [Figure 8] Advantageous flow diagram of the method DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0060] In Fig. 1, an advantageous embodiment of the system 2 is diagrammatically shown. The system 2 comprises a first sensor 6, a processor unit 8, a data memory 10 and a signal interface 12. The first sensor 6 is Power Cable 4. Thus, the system 2 serves to transmit electrical energy. Power transmission cable configured as an electrical cable 4 is also useful.

[0061] In principle, the first sensor 6 can be constructed as a separate sensor 6 or as an integral part of another device. Thus, for example, in practice, a high-frequency transducer is often Power Cableand the first sensor 6 may be part of such a high frequency transducer.

[0062] Power Cable 4 may also be configured as and / or referred to as an electrical cable. Power transmission cable configured as an electrical cable The first sensor 4 often has a conductive core, for example made of copper, and an insulating portion covering the core. If an electrical signal is transmitted through the conductive core, the first sensor 6 can be configured, for example, to detect the electrical signal in a non-contact manner. However, instead, the sensor 6 can be configured to: Power Cable 4, so that the first sensor 6 is electrically connected to the conductive core of the first sensor 6 via the electrical contact. Power Cable It is also possible for the sensor to be configured to detect electrical signals from the sensor 4.

[0063] The first sensor 6 is advantageously coupled to the processor unit 8 via a signal connection 58. The processor unit 8 can be coupled to the data memory 10 via another signal connection 60 in order to read data from the data memory 10 or to store data in the data memory 10. Furthermore, it is advantageously provided that the processor unit 8 is coupled to the signal interface 12 via another signal connection 62. The signal interface 12 serves to transmit an output signal U. The processor unit 8 can control the signal interface 12 to transmit the output signal U via another signal line 62. The signal interface 12 can form an integral part of the processor unit 8. The processor unit 8 and the signal interface 12 can thus form a common unit. It is further possible to assign this common unit to the data memory 10. In other words, a common unit can be provided which comprises the processor unit 8, the data memory 10 and the signal interface 12.

[0064] Power CableWhen transmitting an electrical signal via 4, particularly when electrical energy is transmitted at a particularly high voltage, a partial discharge 22 may occur. The partial discharge 22 may occur at a partial discharge point T. Power Cable 4. The partial discharge point T is connected to the first sensor 6 by the first sensor 7. distance When the partial discharge point T is separated by a distance E, a certain propagation time is required for the pulse 20 to reach the first sensor 6 from the partial discharge point T. However, in reality, the partial discharge point T is identification It has been found that using the propagation time to estimate the amplitude of a pulse 20 caused by a partial discharge 22 is illustrated, purely by way of example, in Figure 2. In this case the amplitude A of the pulse 20 has been normalised to unity. Power Cable Due to the physical characteristics of the first sensor 4, the pulse 20 undergoes location and / or frequency dependent attenuation and / or dispersion. distance Depending on E, the signal shape changes, as shown diagrammatically in FIG.

[0065] As a pure example, Power Cable Assuming that the length of the first sensor is about 800 m, depending on the section traveled, distance The variation of the pulse 20 depending on E is illustrated in FIG. 2. If a partial discharge T occurs, for example, at a distance of 100 m from the first sensor 6, distance If an incident occurs at E, the first sensor 6 is at least 100 m away from the first sensor in FIG. distance If a partial discharge 22 occurs at a partial discharge point T that is further away, for example 200 m away from the first sensor 6, the first sensor 6 detects an electrical signal that matches the shape of the curve 16 plotted at E. distance E is 200m. In this case, sensor 6 is the first sensor of 200m. distance It is possible to detect an electrical signal corresponding to the curve 16 at E. In other words, the electrical signal detected in this case is proportional to the electrical signal of the first sensor at 200 m by a constant factor. distanceThe curve 16 at E has the shape of the curve 16. The other curves 16 in FIG. 2 are for the first sensor at 300 m, 400 m or 500 m. distance Partial discharge at E is obtained at 22:00.

[0066] From Figure 2, the first sensor distance It is clear that the curves 16 depending on E are different both in their frequency response and in their amplitude response. distance E is based on the curve shape of the signal detected by the first sensor 6, regardless of the propagation time of the first pulse 20. identification To this end, a data memory 10 is provided for storing the associated data of each of the first sensors 6. distance A first curve set 14 is stored, which comprises a plurality of first curves 16 having a first curve length of: Power Cable Predetermined using the cable model of 4, Power Cable For each first curve 16 in 4, distance 2 represents the pulse response of an electrical pulse 20 due to a partial discharge 22 modeled in

[0067] Power Cable Using the cable model of FIG. 4, it is possible to obtain information about the first curve 16 due to partial discharges 22. Power Cable This provides the advantage that it is not necessary to destroy the cable 4. Rather, the cable model is used to model the Power Cable A pulse 20 was generated at any point in the cable 4, and the same cable model was used to model the Power Cable Each of the pulses acting on 4 distance 1. It is possible to obtain a first curve 16 measured at the location of the first sensor 6 in the cable model. distanceBy varying the number of first curves 16, the processor unit 8 can be configured to predetermine a number of first curves 16. These first curves 16 together constitute a first curve set 14. This curve set 14 is stored in a data memory 10. In this case, the data memory 10 can actually store data representing the first curve set 14 or the first curves 16. The same applies to the accompanying distance This can be said regarding:

[0068] Next, the first curve 16 of the first curve set 14 is a practical curve for detecting an electrical signal. Power Cable 4. In this case, a curve 16 that best correlates or matches the electrical signal actually detected using the first sensor 6 can be obtained. identification Furthermore, for each first curve 16, an associated distance are stored in the data memory 10. That is, one of the first curves 16 in the first curve set 14 that best correlates with the discharge signal 24 actually detected by the sensor 6 is designated as the first discharge curve 26. identification If so, the first curve 16 stored in the data memory 10 and the associated distance Attached to this first discharge curve 26 is distance For example, the first sensor at 300m distance E identification It is possible.

[0069] Therefore, with respect to the present system 2, the first sensor 6 outputs a first discharge signal 24, Power Cable It is provided that the first sensor 6 is configured to detect an electrical signal caused by an actual partial discharge at the discharge line 4. However, this first discharge signal 24 is usually an analog signal. The first sensor 6 is therefore advantageously configured to digitize the first discharge signal 24 and, based thereon, to generate a first measurement signal M representative of the first discharge signal 24. identificationThe first sensor 6 can then transmit the first measurement signal M to the processor unit 8, for example via a signal connection 58. This signal connection can be configured as a wired signal connection 58 or as a wireless signal connection 58. However, it is also possible to provide an optical signal connection between the first sensor 6 and the processor unit 8, by means of which the first measurement signal M can be transmitted from the first sensor 6 to the processor unit 8.

[0070] The processor unit 8 determines, based on the first measurement signal M, one of the first curves 16 in the first curve set 14 that best matches the first discharge signal 24 as a first discharge curve 26. identification Which of the first curves 16 best matches the first discharge signal 24 is determined based on a cross-correlation between the first discharge signal 24 and each of the first curves 16. identification The first curve 16 that produces the largest correlation value can be interpreted as best matching the first discharge signal 24. The corresponding first curve 16 then constitutes the first discharge curve 26. For this first discharge curve 26, the associated distance is stored in the data memory 10. The processor unit 8 is coupled to the data memory 10 via a signal connection 60, so that the processor unit 8 stores the distance can be read from the data memory 10. The processor unit 8 then reads the distance Based on the first sensor 6, the actual partial discharge 22 of the first sensor distance E identification In the simplest case, the first sensor distance E is associated with the first discharge curve 26 stored in the data memory 10. distance In the case illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the data stored in the data memory 10 for the first discharge curve 26 is equal to distance is 300m. So in this case, the first sensor distance E is 300m identificationIt is possible.

[0071] This 300m first sensor distance To provide information about E, the system 2 includes a first sensor distance The first sensor has a signal interface 12 configured to transmit an output signal U representative of E to another component, device and / or module of the system 2. distance It is possible to provide information regarding E.

[0072] In Fig. 3, another advantageous embodiment of the system 2 is diagrammatically illustrated. With regard to the system 2 of Fig. 3, reference is likewise made to the above description of the system of Fig. 1. However, the system 2 of Fig. 3 comprises another sensor 28, namely a second sensor 28. These first and second sensors 6, 28 are: Power Cable The second sensor 28 may be arranged and / or fixed at opposite ends 42, 44 of the first sensor 4. The second sensor 28 is advantageously constructed similarly to the first sensor 6. For the second sensor 28, therefore, reference is made to the advantageous descriptions, advantageous features, technical effects and / or advantages already explained with respect to the first sensor 6.

[0073] The second sensor 28 is advantageously connected to the processor unit 8 via another signal connection 64, so that a second measurement signal N can be transmitted from the second sensor 28 to the processor unit 8.

[0074] Partial discharge 22 Power Cable When an electrical current occurs at sensor 4, the resulting pulse 20 is detected as an electrical signal at first sensor 6 and as a separate electrical signal at sensor 28. However, the two detected electrical signals are the same at first sensor 6 and sensor 28. distance E is the second sensor distance These different distanceDifferent attenuation and / or dispersion occurs due to E and F, so that a first discharge signal 24 is detected by the first sensor 6 and a second discharge signal is detected by the second sensor 28. Power Cable If the total length of the cable 4 is, for example, 800 m, the first discharge signal 24 can be transmitted to the processor unit 8 via the first measurement signal M. The first processor unit 8 can then determine, based on the first discharge signal 24, a length of 300 m associated with the corresponding first curve 16. distance E can be read out from the data memory 10. By means of the data memory 10, further sets of curves, i.e. the associated distance A second curve set may be stored, the second curve set being made up of a plurality of second curves having a respective second curve ... Power Cable Predetermined using the cable model of 4, Power Cable 4, each of the second curves includes up to a second sensor 28. distance After the second measurement signal N representing the second discharge signal is transmitted to the processor unit 8, the processor unit 8 selects one of the second curves in the second curve set, which best matches the second discharge signal, as the second discharge curve. identification This second curve, called the second discharge curve, can be calculated using the distance The data is stored in the data memory 10 together with the associated distance can be read out from the data memory 10. The processor unit 8 is advantageously so configured. distance F can be, for example, 500 m. The two sensors 6 and 28 are 800 m sensors. distance If the sensor is located at S, the sensor distance , i.e., the first sensor at 300m distance E and 500m second sensor distance F is the 800m sensor between the two sensors 6,28 distance S. To this end, the processor unit 8 advantageously determines the distance S(800m), which belongs to the first discharge curve 26 distance (300m) and the second discharge curve distance (500m) based on the first sensor of the actual partial discharge 22 up to the first sensor 6 distance E identification In the previously described example, the first sensor distance E is redundant distance As identification However, distance E and F are added together to form a sensor distance If S is not generated, the first discharge curve on the other hand distance And this sensor distance and belongs to the second discharge curve distance By calculating the average value of the difference identification Thereby, the first sensor distance E is especially precise identification The first sensor distance With E and its known location relative to the first sensor 6, the partial discharge location T is also known at the same time.

[0075] In Fig. 4, another advantageous embodiment of the system 2 is shown. In this case, the system 2 is at least substantially equivalent to the system 2 described with reference to Fig. 3. Therefore, reference is made to the corresponding description as well. The system 2 of Fig. 4 further comprises a first pulse supply unit 32. This unit may be configured together with the second sensor 28. That is to say, the first pulse supply unit 32 and the second sensor 28 may form a common unit.

[0076] Basically, the parameters of the cable model can be predetermined. In that way, the cable model parameters can be determined in advance, e.g., when a cable model having such parameters is used for a large number of identically structured cables. Power Cable 4. The first and / or second curve sets identification However, in reality, Power Cable have small to large differences from each other. Power Cable The same parameter set for the cable model for each often allows for suboptimal modeling. Power Cable Therefore, we aim to obtain a better fit of the parameters to the cable model. Power Cable To achieve a better modeling of the cable, it is advantageous to adjust the parameters of the cable model to Power Cable It is specified to conform to the actual characteristics of 4. Power Cable This can be done during the first run of the cable model. However, alternatively or additionally, it is also possible to adapt the parameters of the cable model periodically or in dependence on predefined events. By iteratively adapting the parameters of the cable model during operation, the adapted parameters of the cable model are subject to possibly also certain changes during operation. Power Cable 4. For example, if a strong partial discharge occurs, Power Cable 4 occurs as a result of, Power Cable If the attenuation and / or dispersion characteristics of 4 change, this can be better reflected by adapting the parameters of the cable model.

[0077] Therefore, in particular, the system includes at least one first electrical pulse. Power Cable 4. In this case, the processor unit 8 controls the first pulse supply unit 32 so as to generate an electrical pulse, called a first reference pulse 38, by means of the first pulse supply unit 32. Power Cable The first pulse supply unit 32 is configured to supply a pulse to the first sensor 6. distance That is, advantageously, the first sensor 6 is Power Cable 4, whereas the first pulse supply unit 32 is Power Cable 4. Power Cable before the first reference pulse 38 provided to the first sensor 6 can be detected as an electrical signal by the first sensor 6. Power Cable4. For that purpose, the first sensor 6 is configured to detect an electrical signal caused by a first reference pulse 38, called the first reference signal. Power Cable 4, this first reference pulse 38 is Power Cable 4. Thus, the first reference signal detected by the first sensor 6 is caused by the first reference pulse 38. In particular, the first reference signal is Power Cable 4. The first reference signals are usually analog signals. The first sensors 6 are therefore advantageously configured to digitize the respective first reference signals. Furthermore, the first sensors 6 are configured to transmit a first test signal O to the processor unit 8 via the signal connection 58, the first test signal O representing the first reference signal.

[0078] Advantageously, the processor unit 8 is connected to the first pulse supply unit 32 via a control line 66 in order to control the first pulse supply unit 32. The first reference pulse 38 is therefore also known to the processor unit 8. If the second sensor 28 and the first pulse supply unit 32 form a common unit, the first reference pulse 38 can be detected by the second sensor 28 for control purposes and a corresponding signal can be transmitted to the processor unit 8 via the signal line 64. The first reference pulse 38 is also thereby known to the processor unit 8. Furthermore, the at least one first reference signal is known to the processor unit 8 by a test signal O from the first sensor 6 to the processor unit 8. Therefore, Power Cable 4 and the corresponding first reference signal 38, Power Cable of 4 Transmission characteristics of identification For this purpose, the processor unit 8 can be configured accordingly. Transmission characteristicscan be realized basically by using a cable model. However, Power Cable 4. When first starting use and / or Power Cable For the change in 4, the parameters of the cable model are adapted so that the cable model represents Power Cable Regarding 4 Transmission characteristics and the first reference pulse and the associated first reference signal identification Possible, Power Cable 4 Actual Transmission characteristics It is necessary to align the above.

[0079] To this end, the processor unit 8 adapts the parameters of the cable model based on the first test signal O, so that the Power Cable Regarding 4 Transmission characteristics is represented by a first reference pulse and a first reference signal. Power Cable 4 Actual Transmission characteristics is configured to match

[0080] Furthermore, this system 2 also generates electrical pulses. Power Cable 4. The second pulse supply unit 40 may have a second reference pulse corresponding thereto. Power Cable 4, so that a second reference signal is detectable by the first sensor 6. The second pulse supply unit 40 can be used and operated together with the first sensor 6 in a manner similar to that previously described with respect to the first pulse supply unit 32 and the second sensor 28. Thus, for example, the two pulse supply units 32, 40 can provide reference pulses in parallel, offset in time, or alternately. Power Cable 4 and corresponding reference signals detected by sensors 6, 28. These reference pulses and reference signals can then be Power Cable 4 Actual Transmission characteristics Better identificationFurthermore, the second pulse supply unit 40 can be configured in common with the first sensor 6, i.e. they can form a common unit.

[0081] 5 shows another advantageous embodiment of the system 2. With regard to its processor unit 8, data memory 10 and signal interface 12, reference is likewise made to the above description. However, the system 2 is Power Cable 4 has a plurality of cable segments 46 arranged in sequence along Power Cable 4, and the cable segment 46 end face side Opposite ends at Cable segments 44 and 42 are connected to each other to define a coupling point 48 that is configured to allow electrical energy to be transferred from cable segment 46 to cable segment 46 via coupling point 48.

[0082] For each cable segment 46, the same embodiment of the system 2 as already described above in relation to Figures 1 to 4 can be defined. Thus, for each cable segment 46: Power Cable Reference is likewise made to the above description, advantageous features, effects and advantages as explained in connection with the system 2 with 4, so that repetition of the same will be omitted.

[0083] Each cable segment 46 is advantageously assigned a first sensor 6 which is connected to the processor unit 8 via an associated signal line 58. Furthermore, each first sensor 6 is assigned a first curve set which is stored in the data memory 10. That is, the system 2 comprises a plurality of first sensors 6 and a plurality of first curve sets 14. With reference to the above description, the processor unit 8 calculates for each first sensor 6 the first sensor's current to actual partial discharge 22. distance E identification It is configured to:

[0084] For example, if a partial discharge 22 occurs in one of the cable segments 46, it will generate a pulse 20 that will spread through all the cable segments 46 due to the connections 48 between the cable segments 46. This can essentially cause the first sensor 6 of the cable segment 46 to detect a first discharge signal caused by the same partial discharge 22 that occurred in only one of the cable segments 46. Therefore, the processor unit 8 detects the first sensor 6 of the cable segment 46. distance E, the processor unit 8 is configured to determine the cable segment 46 that has actually caused the partial discharge 22 as the identified cable segment 54. In other words, the processor unit 8 is configured to first determine the first sensor signal 54 based on the first discharge signal and the associated discharge curve and the first sensor signal 54 derived therefrom. distance E identification Therefore, for each cable segment 46, the associated first sensor distance Then, the processor unit 8 can obtain E from these multiple first sensors. distance Based on E, one of the cable segments 46 was identified as the cable segment 54 that actually caused the partial discharge 22. identification Next, the first sensor assigned to this cable segment 46 distance E is the actual first sensor that can be represented by an output signal U distance The output signal U may further indicate the identified cable segment 46. Thus, advantageously, the signal interface 12 may also indicate the identified cable segment 54 and may also include a first sensor 6 of the first sensor 6 of the cable segment 54 identified as having an actual partial discharge 22. distance It is defined that the input signal is configured to provide an output signal U representative of E.

[0085] 1, 3, 4 and 5 one can further see a transmission system 56. This transmission system 56 comprises the present system 2, which is illustrated in different embodiments in the above figures. Furthermore, the transmission system 56 comprises such Power CableAs Power Cable 4. Therefore, with respect to this transmission system 56, reference is likewise made to the above description, advantageous features, effects and advantages.

[0086] In Fig. 6, a flow diagram of an advantageous embodiment of a method for the operation of the system 2 is shown, which method comprises: a) Power Cable 4 to transmit electrical energy; b) by means of a first sensor 6, an actual partial discharge 22, called the first discharge signal 24 Power Cable Detecting an electrical signal induced by the sensor 4; c) transmitting, directly or indirectly, a first measurement signal M representative of the first discharge signal 24 from the first sensor 6 to a processor unit 8; d) using the processor unit 8, the first curve 16 of the first curve set 14 that best matches the first discharge signal 24 among the first curves 16 of the first curve set 14 is selected as the first discharge curve 26 based on the first measurement signal M; identification And a process of e) using the processor unit 8, the first discharge curve 26 distance Based on the first sensor 6, the actual partial discharge 22 of the first sensor distance E identification And a process of has.

[0087] With regard to the method, reference is likewise made to the above descriptions, advantageous features, effects and / or advantages as already explained with regard to the system 2 of figures 1 to 5, so that repetition of the same is omitted.

[0088] However, it should be noted that steps a) to e) of the method can be carried out in the order stated above.

[0089] Insofar as the method is carried out, for example, in the system 2 depicted in Fig. 3, between steps d) and e) the following further steps d.1) to d.3) can be carried out, the corresponding flow diagram of which is illustrated diagrammatically in Fig. 7. These additional steps can be summarised as follows: d.1) by the same actual partial discharge 22, called the second discharge signal Power Cable Detecting the electrical signal induced by the second sensor 28; d.2) transmitting, directly or indirectly, a second measurement signal N representative of the second discharge signal from the second sensor 28 to the processor unit 8; and d.3) The second curve in the second curve set that best matches the second discharge signal is designated as the second discharge curve. identification The process of doing this.

[0090] In this case, it is furthermore advantageous to use the processor unit 8 in step e) to calculate the second discharge curve distance Based on the first sensor distance E added: identification It is stipulated that.

[0091] Another embodiment of the method is shown by a schematic drawing of a flow diagram in Figure 8. In this embodiment of the method, in addition to the steps as described in connection with Figure 7, the method further comprises the following steps: f) using the processor unit 8 to control the first pulse supply unit 32 so that the first pulse supply unit 32 generates an electrical pulse, called a first reference pulse 38; Power Cable 4. g) detecting, by means of the first sensor 6, first signals, called first reference pulses, each caused by one of the first reference pulses 38; h) transmitting, directly or indirectly, first test signals O from the first sensors 6 to the processor unit 8, each test signal O being representative of one of the first reference signals; and i) adapting the parameters of the cable model 4 based on the at least one first test signal O using a processor unit 8, so that the cable model represented by the cable model 4 Transmission characteristics is represented by the first reference pulse 38 and the first reference signal Power Cable 4 Actual Transmission characteristics The process of matching.

[0092] Furthermore, each of the methods previously described in relation to figures 6 to 8 may comprise, purely by way of example, an additional step m) illustrated in the flow diagram of figure 8, according to which the method advantageously also comprises the following steps: m) using the signal interface 12, the first sensor distance Transmitting an output signal U representative of E.

[0093] Complementarily, it should be pointed out that the term "comprises" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the term "a" does not exclude a plurality. Furthermore, features described with reference to one of the above embodiments can also be used in combination with other features of the other above-mentioned embodiments. Reference signs in the claims should not be considered as limiting the invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0094] A Amplitude M First measurement signal N Second measurement signal O First test signal P Second test signal E First Sensor distance F Second Sensor distance S-Sensor distance T Partial discharge location U Output Signal L axis direction 2. System 4 Power Cable 6. First Sensor 8 Processor Unit 10 Data Memory 12 Signal Interface 14 First set of curves 16 First Curve 20 Pulse 22 Partial discharge 24 First discharge signal 26 First discharge curve 28 Second Sensor 32 First pulse supply unit 38 First Reference Pulse 40 Second Pulse Supply Unit 42 First End 44 Second End 46 Cable Segments 48 Connection points 54 Identified Cable Segments 56 Transmission Systems 58 Signal Connection 60 Signal Connection 62 Signal connection 64 Signal Connection 66 Control Wiring 68 Control Wiring

Claims

1. A system (2) for a power transmission cable (4) configured as an electric cable for transmitting electric energy, the system (2) comprising: a first sensor (6) disposed at an end of the power transmission cable (4) for detecting an electrical signal of the power transmission cable (4); A processor unit (8); A data memory (10); A signal interface (12); having The data memory (10) stores a first curve set (14) consisting of a plurality of first curves (16), each of which represents a pulse response to an electric pulse (20) due to a modeled partial discharge (22) in the power transmission cable (4), and a curve shape of the pulse response depending on a distance from a position of the modeled partial discharge (22) to the first sensor (6) is previously determined using a cable model in which the power transmission cable (4) is modeled by a mathematical model, and for each of the first curves (16), the distance determined based on the curve shape of the pulse response representing the first curve (16) is assigned as a distance associated with the first curve (16); This first sensor (6) is adapted to detect an electrical signal induced in the power transmission cable (4) by an actual partial discharge (22), called a first discharge signal (24), and to transmit directly or indirectly to a processor unit (8) a first digitized measurement signal M representative of the first discharge signal (24), The processor unit (8) is configured to identify, based on the first measurement signal M, one of the first curves (16) of the first curve set (14) that best correlates with the first discharge signal (24) as a first discharge curve (26); The processor unit (8) is configured to determine a first sensor distance E of the actual partial discharge (22) to the first sensor (6) based on a distance associated with the first discharge curve (26); The signal interface (12) is configured to transmit an output signal U representative of a first sensor distance E of the system.

2. A system (2) according to claim 1, The system (2) includes a second sensor (28) disposed at an end of the power transmission cable (4) opposite to the first sensor (6) for detecting an electrical signal in the power transmission cable (4); The data memory (10) stores a second curve set consisting of a plurality of second curves, each of which represents a pulse response of an electric pulse (20) due to a modeled partial discharge (22) in the power transmission cable (4), a curve shape of the pulse response depending on a distance from a position of the modeled partial discharge (22) to the second sensor (28) is specified in advance using a cable model in which the power transmission cable (4) is modeled by a mathematical model, and for each second curve, the distance specified based on the curve shape of the pulse response representing the second curve is assigned as a distance associated with the second curve; The first sensor (6) and the second sensor (28) can be fixed to the power transmission cable (4) at a predetermined sensor distance from each other; This second sensor (28) is configured to detect an electrical signal induced in the power transmission cable (4) by the same actual partial discharge (22), called a second discharge signal, and to transmit, directly or indirectly, a second measurement signal N representative of this second discharge signal to the processor unit (8); The processor unit (8) is configured to identify, based on the second measurement signal N, one of the second curves of the second curve set that best correlates with the second discharge signal as a second discharge curve; The system is characterized in that the processor unit (8) is configured to determine a first sensor distance E of the actual partial discharge (22) to the first sensor (6) based on a predetermined sensor distance, a distance associated with the first discharge curve (26) and a distance associated with the second discharge curve.

3. A system (2) according to claim 1 or 2, The system (2) comprises a first pulse supply unit (32) for supplying at least one electrical pulse to the power transmission cable (4); the processor unit (8) being configured to modify parameters of a cable model representing the transmission characteristics of an electrical pulse on the power transmission cable (4); The processor unit (8) is configured to control a first pulse supply unit (32) to supply an electric pulse (20), called a first reference pulse (38), to the power transmission cable (4) using the first pulse supply unit (32), The first pulse supply unit (32) is arranged at a distance from the first sensor (6); This first sensor (6) is configured to detect an electrical signal caused by a first reference pulse (38), called a first reference signal, and to transmit, directly or indirectly, a first test signal O representative of the first reference signal to a processor unit (8); The system is characterized in that the processor unit (8) is configured to adapt parameters of the cable model to match the transmission characteristics represented by the cable model to actual transmission characteristics of the power transmission cable (4) represented by the first reference pulse (38) and a first reference signal represented by the first test signal O.

4. A system (2) according to claim 3 in combination with claim 2, The system (2) comprises a second pulse supply unit (40) for supplying at least one electrical pulse to the power transmission cable (4), This processor unit (8) is configured to control a second pulse supply unit (40) to supply, by means of the second pulse supply unit (40), an electric pulse (20), called a second reference pulse, to the power transmission cable (4), The second pulse supply unit (40) is spaced apart from the second sensor (28); This second sensor (28) is configured to detect an electrical signal caused by the second reference pulse, called a second reference signal, and to transmit, directly or indirectly, to the processor unit (8) a second test signal P representative of the second reference signal; The processor unit (8) is configured to adapt parameters of the cable model to match the transmission characteristics represented by the cable model to actual transmission characteristics of the power transmission cable (4) represented by a first reference signal represented by a first reference pulse (38) and a first test signal O and / or a second reference signal represented by a second reference pulse and a second test signal P.

5. A system (2) according to claim 3, A system, characterized in that the first sensor (6) and the second pulse supply unit (40) are configured as a common first converter unit.

6. A system (2) according to claim 5, A system, characterized in that the second sensor (28) and the first pulse supply unit (32) are configured as a common second converter unit.

7. A system (2) according to any one of claims 3 to 6, The system is characterized in that the processor unit (8) is configured to periodically supply reference pulses to the first and / or second pulse supply unit (32, 40) and to adapt parameters of the cable model after each supply of the reference pulse.

8. A system (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, The first sensor (6) is configured to periodically detect an electrical signal in the power transmission cable (4); The system is characterized in that the processor unit (8) is configured to determine, each time the electrical signal detected by the first sensor (6) constitutes a first discharge signal (24), an associated first discharge curve (26) and, based on the first discharge curve (26), determine a first sensor distance E of the first sensor (6) to each partial discharge (22).

9. A system (2) according to claim 8 in combination with claim 2, the second sensor (28) is configured to periodically detect an electrical signal in the power transmission cable (4); The system is characterized in that the processor unit (8) is configured to determine an associated second discharge curve each time the electrical signal detected by the second sensor (28) constitutes a second discharge signal, and to determine a first sensor distance E of each partial discharge (22) to the first sensor (6) based on the predetermined sensor distance, the distance associated with the first discharge curve (26) and the distance associated with the second discharge curve.

10. A system (2) according to claim 8 or 9, The system is characterized in that the processor unit (8) is configured to determine a frequency of a plurality of actual partial discharges (22) at the same distance to the first sensor (6), and the output signal U is further representative of this frequency.

11. A system (2) according to any one of claims 8 to 10, The system is characterized in that the processor unit (8) is configured to determine at least one characteristic quantity characteristic of a plurality of actual partial discharges (22) at the same distance to the first sensor (6), and the output signal U is further representative of the detected characteristic quantity.

12. A system (2) according to claim 11, The system is characterized in that the processor unit (8) is configured to generate an alarm signal if the frequency of partial discharges (22) is greater than a predetermined threshold frequency and / or if the determined characteristic quantity of partial discharges (22) is greater than a predetermined threshold characteristic quantity, and the signal interface (12) is configured to transmit the alarm signal.

13. A system (2) according to claim 11, the processor unit (8) being configured to determine a state of deterioration of the power transmission cable (4) based on one or more of the frequency of partial discharges (22), the determined at least one characteristic quantity of the partial discharges (22) and the adapted parameters, and the output signal U is further representative of this state of deterioration.

14. A system (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, The power transmission cable (4) has a plurality of cable segments (46) arranged in sequence along the power transmission cable (4); The cable segments (46) have their opposing ends connected to each other at the end face side to form a connection point (48), Each cable segment (46) is assigned a first sensor (6) and a first curve set (14) for each first sensor (6), such that the system (2) has a plurality of first sensors (6) and a plurality of first curve sets (14) are stored by the data memory (10); the processor unit (8) is configured to determine, for each first sensor (6), a first sensor distance E of the actual partial discharge (22) to each first sensor (6); the processor unit (8) is configured to determine, based on the first sensor distance E, a cable segment (46) in which a partial discharge (22) has occurred as an identified cable segment (46); The system is characterized in that the signal interface (12) is configured to provide an output signal U indicative of the identified cable segment (46) and representative of a first sensor distance E from the partial discharge (22) to a first sensor (6) of the identified cable segment (46).

15. A transmission system (56) for transmitting electrical energy, comprising: A power transmission cable (4); A transmission system comprising a system (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

16. A method of operating a system (2) for a power transmission cable (4) configured as an electrical cable for transmitting electrical energy, comprising the steps of: This system (2) a first sensor (6) disposed at an end of the power transmission cable (4) for detecting an electrical signal of the power transmission cable (4); A processor unit (8); A data memory (10); A signal interface (12), the data memory (10) stores a first curve set (14) consisting of a plurality of first curves (16), each of the first curves (16) representing a pulse response of an electric pulse (20) due to a modeled partial discharge in the power transmission cable (4), a curve shape of the pulse response depending on a distance from a position of the modeled partial discharge (22) to the first sensor (6) is specified in advance using a cable model in which the power transmission cable (4) is modeled by a mathematical model, and for each of the first curves (16), the distance specified based on the curve shape of the pulse response representing the first curve (16) is assigned as a distance associated with the first curve (16); This method, a) transmitting electrical energy using a power transmission cable (4); b) detecting, with a first sensor (6), an electrical signal induced in the power transmission cable (4) by an actual partial discharge (22), referred to as a first discharge signal (24); c) directly or indirectly transmitting a digitized first measurement signal M representative of the first discharge signal (24) from the first sensor (6) to a processor unit (8); d) using the processor unit (8) to identify, based on the first measurement signal M, a first curve (16) of the first curve set (14) that best correlates with the first discharge signal (24) as a first discharge curve (26); e) using the processor unit (8) to determine a first sensor distance E of the actual partial discharge (22) to the first sensor (6) based on the distance associated with the first discharge curve (26).

17. 17. The method of claim 16, The system (2) has a second sensor (28) arranged at an end of the power transmission cable (4) opposite to the first sensor (6) for detecting an electrical signal of the power transmission cable (4); the data memory (10) stores a second curve set consisting of a plurality of second curves, each of the second curves representing a pulse response to an electric pulse (20) due to a modeled partial discharge (22) in the power transmission cable (4), a curve shape of the pulse response depending on a distance from a position of the modeled partial discharge (22) to the second sensor (28) is specified in advance using a cable model in which the power transmission cable (4) is modeled by a mathematical model, and for each of the second curves, the distance specified based on the curve shape of the pulse response representing the second curve is assigned as a distance associated with the second curve; The first sensor (6) and the second sensor (28) are arranged on the power transmission cable (4) at a predetermined sensor distance from each other, This method, d. 1) detecting, with a second sensor, an electrical signal induced in the power transmission cable (4) by the same actual partial discharge (22), referred to as a second discharge signal; d. 2) directly or indirectly transmitting a second measurement signal N representative of the second discharge signal from the second sensor (28) to the processor unit (8); d. 3) using the processor unit (8), identifying a second curve of the second curve set that best correlates with the second discharge signal based on the second measurement signal N as a second discharge curve; Further comprising: The method further comprises, in step e), using the processor unit (8), determining the first sensor distance E based on the distance associated with the second discharge curve.

18. 18. The method according to claim 16 or 17, The system (2) comprises a first pulse supply unit (32) for supplying at least one electrical pulse to the power transmission cable (4), the processor unit (8) is configured to modify parameters of a cable model representing transmission characteristics of an electrical pulse on the power transmission cable (4); The first pulse supply unit (32) is disposed at a distance from the first sensor (6); This method, f) controlling, using the processor unit (8), the first pulse supply unit (32) to supply an electric pulse (20), called a first reference pulse (38), to the power transmission cable (4) using the first pulse supply unit (32); g) detecting, by means of the first sensor (6), an electrical signal, called a first reference signal, caused by each one of the first reference pulses (38); h) transmitting, directly or indirectly, first test signals O from the first sensors (6) to a processor unit (8), each test signal O being representative of one of the first reference signals; i) adapting, using the processor unit (8), parameters of the cable model to match the transmission characteristics represented by the cable model to actual transmission characteristics of the power transmission cable (4) represented by the first reference pulse (38) and a first reference signal represented by the first test signal O.

19. 20. The method of claim 18, The system (2) comprises a second pulse supply unit (40) for supplying at least one electrical pulse to the power transmission cable (4), The second pulse supply unit (40) is disposed at a distance from the second sensor (28); This method, j) controlling, using the processor unit (8), a second pulse supply unit (40) to supply, using the second pulse supply unit (40), an electric pulse (20), called a second reference pulse, to the power transmission cable (4); k) detecting, with a second sensor (28), an electrical signal caused by the second reference pulse, referred to as the second reference signal; l) transmitting, directly or indirectly, a second test signal P representative of the second reference signal from the second sensor (28) to the processor unit (8); Further comprising:

13. The method according to claim 12, further comprising: adapting, using a processor unit (8), parameters of the cable model such that in step i) the transmission characteristics represented by the cable model correspond to actual transmission characteristics of the power transmission cable (4) represented by a first reference signal represented by the first reference pulse (38) and the first test signal O and / or a second reference signal represented by the second reference pulse and the second test signal P.

20. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 19, This method, m) transmitting an output signal U representative of the first sensor distance E using a signal interface (12).

21. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 20, A method characterized in that the group of steps a) to e) of this method are carried out once or repeatedly.

22. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 21, A method characterized in that steps g) to j) or steps g) to m) are performed once, periodically, or before each execution of the group of steps a) to e) of the method.

23. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 22, A method according to claim 1, characterized in that, using a processor unit (8), a first and / or a second set of curves (14) are calculated by a cable model updated with the adapted parameters and stored in a data memory (10).

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