Method and device for protecting signal for transmitting measured value to signal processing unit

Abstract

To provide a method (300) that secures a signal (105) for transmitting a series of measurements (110) to a signal processing unit (115).SOLUTION: A method (300) includes the steps of: reading (310) at least one series of measurements (110) of a sensor (120); and processing (320) the measurements (110) using a cyclic processing rule (135) to determine one altered measurement (110') for each of the at least two measurements (110). The method (300) finally includes the step of transmitting (330) the altered measurements (110) to the signal processing unit (115) as the measurements (110) of the sensor (120).SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The invention takes as its starting point an apparatus or method according to the field of the independent claims. Computer programs are also the subject of the invention. [Background technology]

[0002] In the new generation of inertial sensors, the data width of the sensor signal has been extended to 32 bits. If we take into account that an acceleration sensor, for example, has a total offset error of about 50 mg and a total range of 5 g in both directions, the required resolution would be 200. This would be 8 bits. Furthermore, if we take into account that the relative error in the measurement on the same part is about 5 mg, so that one more error value is added to the calculation, then we get a 2000-fold increase in the amount of information represented by the binary representation of an 11-bit wide data word, i.e. the amount of information. For angular velocity sensors, these correlations would be similar and there would be less noise.

[0003] Modern sensors often incorporate a small computing unit that performs signal processing functions, e.g. filtering and adjustment by calibration values. As the integrated components become smaller, these elements also work with voltages that are significantly lower than are required for the measurement or transmission of the signal (e.g. modern cores 0.9 V, communication voltages 2.5-5 V, acceleration voltages for micromechanical elements >5 V). Due to their small size, these components are also very sensitive. Thus, wiring errors that introduce incorrect and therefore also too high voltages into the components, whether on the printed circuit board or in the chip itself, can destroy these components. In the worst case, this then corrupts the signals and, in the simplest case, the core stops working altogether.

[0004] What has been proposed so far to make such errors possible is to increase the resolution of the measurement value, so that, if the resolution is high enough, noises are recognized in the transmitted measurement value that indicate that this measurement value actually corresponds to the physical quantity measured by the sensor, but this approach has the disadvantage that the bandwidth required for the transmission of such high-resolution measurement values ​​very quickly leads to a high utilization of the transmission capacity for the measurement values. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] In view of this, the approach presented here provides a method, as well as an apparatus for using this method and finally a corresponding computer program product according to the independent claims, with advantageous modifications and improvements of the apparatus presented in the independent claims being possible by the measures recited in the dependent claims.

[0006] According to the approach presented here, a method for protecting a signal for transmitting a measurement value to a signal processing unit is provided, comprising the steps of: - reading at least one series of measurements of a sensor; - processing the measurements using a cyclic processing rule to determine one changed measurement for each of at least two measurements; - transmitting the changed measurement value (eg as a sensor measurement value) to a signal processing unit.

[0007] A series of sensor measurements may be, for example, a series of measurements captured by the sensor that are successive in time. A periodic processing rule can be understood as a sequence of measured values ​​corresponding to a physical quantity that is being processed or is being followed by another. A periodic processing rule is a processing rule that performs a predetermined action on the measured values ​​at fixedly set time intervals and modifies the corresponding measured values ​​based on a predefined modification rule. The presented approach is based on the knowledge that, in order to identify errors such as defective conductor insulation (e.g. caused by a "Stuck-at" fault), it is not necessary to increase the resolution of the measured values, but that errors in the processing or transmission of these measured values ​​can also be recognized by positive changes in the measured values, if it is known how this positive change of the measured values ​​before transmission was performed. In this way, the processing rule used only needs to be known in the receiving unit, so that in this case it can be determined based on the received signals or measured values ​​whether these received signals or measured values ​​were processed by the corresponding processing rule before being sent for transmission. Such an approach offers the great advantage that a fault-free transmission can be recognized by small changes in the content of the measured values, without the need to obviously increase the resolution of the measured values ​​in order to identify such changes, for example, by noise in the measurement acquisition. In this way the available transmission capacity can be utilized very efficiently and thus eg cheaper transmission modules and / or faster transmission of measurement data may be made possible.

[0008] Furthermore, an embodiment of the proposed approach is preferred, in which in a processing step, a processing rule is used to determine the changed measured value, which is formed to bring about an algebraic and / or logical operation of the measured value and / or the digital representation of the measured value by a predefined operation value. The predefined operation value can be understood as a parameter, for example a number or a bit, with which the measured value is operated. In this context, an algebraic and / or logical operation of the measured value can be understood as, for example, adding or subtracting from the measured value a number corresponding to the operation value or shifting the measured value by a bit corresponding to the operation value. Such an approach offers the advantage that the measured value can be changed very simply and reconfigurably by numerical and / or circuit-technical forms, so that this change can also be recognized simply and robustly on the receiving side.

[0009] Furthermore, an embodiment of the proposed approach is advantageous in which a processing rule designed for adding together measured values ​​and calculated values ​​in a processing step is used to determine the corresponding changed measured values, which offers the advantage that the numerical and / or circuit-technical realization of the addition of calculated values ​​and measured values ​​is technically very simple.

[0010] Furthermore, an embodiment of the proposed approach is particularly preferred, in which in a processing step a processing rule is formed for modifying the least significant digit of the measured value, which is used to obtain a correspondingly modified measured value. Such an embodiment of the proposed approach offers the advantage that the modification of the least significant digit of the measured value has as little effect as possible on the active modification of the measured value, and therefore as little interference as possible is made with the information content of the signal to be transmitted.

[0011] Furthermore, an embodiment of the proposed approach, in which in a processing step a processing rule is formed for alternatingly calculating the measured value with a first predefined calculation value and a second predefined calculation value different from the first calculation value, is also used to determine the changed measured value, is also very efficient. Such an embodiment offers the advantage that a larger number of error types can be recognized due to the different measured values ​​used, thus paving the way for a further improvement of the error recognition capabilities of the proposed approach.

[0012] An embodiment of the approach proposed here is particularly advantageous, in which a processing rule is used that is formed to use as the second predefined calculation value a value that is the complement of the first calculation value in the processing step. The complement can be understood as a value that changes the measured value in such a way that the change obtained by the calculation with the first calculation value is cancelled by the second calculation value. For example, in the case of a processing rule as an addition, the value 1 can be selected as the first calculation value, whereas the value -1 is used as the second predefined calculation value, so that when the first calculation value and the measured value are added together, i.e. the measured value itself can be obtained again by the second calculation value. Such an embodiment of the approach proposed here offers the advantage that by distributing the precise changes of the different measured values ​​in time, the effect of the individual calculation values ​​on the respective measured value can be compensated in the sum, i.e. when reporting, so that, for example, when averaging several time ranges in this way, an active evaluation or correction of the data of the received signal is not necessary. In this way, a clear simplification of the processing of the measured values ​​can be achieved on the receiving side at the same time as achieving the advantages mentioned above.

[0013] An embodiment of the proposed approach can be particularly advantageously used if a processing step uses a processing rule that is configured to apply a periodic processing rule if the measured values ​​of a series of measured values ​​within a predefined time range are identical. Such an embodiment of the proposed approach offers the advantage that a change in the measured values ​​is only triggered if these values ​​are identical over a relatively long period of time, so that active "falsification" of the measured values, for example for error recognition, can remain the exception as far as possible.

[0014] Furthermore, an embodiment of the proposed approach is conceivable, in which in a processing step, a processing rule is used which is arranged for processing measured values ​​which are read in at predefined time intervals from one another periodically by the processing rule in order to obtain a corresponding changed measured value in each case. Such an embodiment offers the advantage that, since the predefined time intervals at which the measured values ​​are changed are known, further quantities can be utilized for recognizing errors in the measured values.

[0015] Based on the proposed approach, an embodiment is also presented as a method for recognizing errors in the transmission of a signal containing measured values ​​to a signal processing unit, the method comprising the following steps: - reading a series of measurements from a signal; - analyzing whether the measurements have a periodic pattern as obtained by applying the loaded processing rule to the measurements of the sensor; - if the analysis step does not recognise that the transmitted signal comprising the measured values ​​has a periodic pattern, determining an error in the transmission of the signal comprising the measured values.

[0016] Such an embodiment of the proposed approach offers the advantage that modifications made before the transmission of the measured values ​​in the transmission signal can be identified by knowledge of processing rules, which can advantageously correspond to the processing rules already mentioned in the approach described above, so that this embodiment as a method for recognizing errors in the transmission of a transmission signal containing measured values ​​can be understood as a corresponding procedure on the receiving side.

[0017] The approach presented herein further provides for an apparatus configured to perform, control or implement the steps of at least one of the variations of the method presented herein in a corresponding mechanism. These implementation variations of the invention in the form of an apparatus also allow the problem underlying the invention to be solved quickly and efficiently.

[0018] For this purpose, the device may have at least one computing unit for processing signals or data, at least one memory unit for storing signals or data, at least one interface to sensors or actuators for reading sensor signals from the sensors or for outputting data or control signals to the actuators, and / or at least one communication interface for reading or outputting data incorporated in a communication protocol. The computing unit may be, for example, a signal processor, a microcontroller or the like, whereby the memory unit may be a flash memory, an EEPROM or a magnetic memory unit. The communication interface may be formed for wireless and / or wired reading or outputting of data, in this regard a communication interface which may read or output wired data may read or output these data, for example electrically or optically, from or to a corresponding data transmission line.

[0019] In the present application, a device can be understood as an electrical device that processes a sensor signal and outputs a control signal and / or a data signal accordingly. The device can have an interface that can be implemented by hardware and / or software. In the case of a hardware implementation, the interface can be, for example, part of a so-called system ASIC that contains the most diverse functions of the device. However, it is also possible that the interface is a dedicated integrated circuit or at least partially consists of separate components. In the case of a software implementation, the interface can be, for example, a software module that is present together with other software modules on a microcontroller.

[0020] A computer program product or computer program which can be stored on a machine-readable medium or memory medium, such as a semiconductor memory, a hard disk memory or an optical memory, and which has a program code used to perform, implement and / or control the steps of a method according to one of the above-mentioned embodiments, is also advantageous, particularly when this program product or program is executed on a computer or device.

[0021] Exemplary embodiments of the approach presented herein are illustrated in the drawings and explained in more detail in the following description. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0022] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus for protecting a signal for transmitting a series of measurements to a signal processing unit for use in a vehicle. [Diagram 2] Fig. 2a is a partial view with one representation of the content of a signal output by, for example, a sending unit, and Fig. 2b is a partial view with one representation of the content of a signal output by, for example, a sending unit. [Diagram 3] 3 is a flow diagram of one exemplary embodiment of a method 300 for securing a signal for transmitting a sequence of measurements to a signal processing unit. [Figure 4]4 is a flow diagram of one exemplary embodiment of a method 400 for recognizing errors in the transmission of a signal containing measurements to a signal processing unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0023] In the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals are used for similarly acting elements shown in the various figures, and in this regard, these elements will not be described repeatedly.

[0024] FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an apparatus 100 for protecting a signal 105 for transmitting a series of measurements 110 to a signal processing unit 115 for use in a vehicle 117. The measured values ​​110 are provided, for example, by a sensor 120 and represent physical quantities which the sensor 120 captures within predefined time steps and outputs as measured values ​​110. The sensor 120 can be formed, for example, to capture angular velocities or accelerations at a point in the vehicle 117 and to output correspondingly assigned measured values ​​110. The measured values ​​110 are read into the device 100 by a read interface 125 and processed in a processing unit 130 using a cyclic processing rule 135 to determine a changed measured value 110' for at least two of the measured values ​​110 respectively. The changed measured values ​​110' are then transmitted in a signal 105 (for example together with further measured values ​​110 and / or in a specific data format) via a transmission unit 136 to a signal processing unit 115. The signal processing unit 115 can carry out processing of the measured values, for example for vehicle assistance systems or for actuators for occupant protection means in the vehicle 117, which is not shown in detail in FIG. 1 for reasons of clarity.

[0025] To obtain the altered measured value 110', the read-in measured value 110 or at least two of the read-in measured values ​​110 are processed in the processing unit 130 according to a periodic processing rule 135, as described above. The periodic processing rule 135 is designed, for example, in such a way that the measured values ​​110, which are spaced apart in a predetermined time interval from one another, are calculated with a predefined calculation value 140. Such a calculation value 140 can, for example, be a predefined value that is added to the measured value 110 to obtain the altered measured value 110'. In this way, at predetermined time intervals, the respective measured value 110 in question is "falsified" in an intentional and known manner and output as an altered measured value 110' in the signal 105.

[0026] If it must be recognized that the changed measured values ​​110' contained in the signal 105 have actually changed in accordance with the processing rule 135, a device 150 is provided at the receiver of the signal 105 for recognizing errors in the transmission of the signal 105 containing the measured values ​​110. In this device 150, the signal 105 is first read in via a read interface 155, which comprises a series of received values ​​160 representing the changed measured values ​​110'. These received values ​​160 are then sent to an analysis unit 165, which also has access to the corresponding periodic processing rules 135 and the calculated values ​​140 from the memory in order to check whether the received values ​​160 have been processed in accordance with the periodic processing rules 135 and the calculated values ​​140. It is therefore preferable that the same processing rules 135 and the same calculated values ​​140 are known in the device 100 and in the device 150, respectively. Furthermore, information about the results of the analysis in the analysis unit 165 is transferred to the determination unit 170, in which an error is determined if the analysis unit 162 does not recognize that the signal 105 containing the received values ​​160 has a periodic pattern as obtained by application of the processing rule 135 to the measured values ​​110 of the sensor 120, and transmitted via an error signal 175 to the signal processing unit 115. In this way, it is thus possible to indicate to the signal processing unit 115 that the received values ​​160 from the signal 105 are not reliable or valid and therefore cannot be used as a basis for further functions.

[0027] The approach presented here thus makes it possible to determine the deactivation of the sensor 120 or the cancellation of the validity of the measured value 110, which can be present in digital form, for example in the transmission format of a data frame with a header and a data portion, which data frame is also formed, for example, for the transmission of several data words. In other words, in certain circumstances, an error can occur in which the digital part 180 of the sensor 120 malfunctions and outputs a static value as the measured value 110, which is then interpreted as a valid measured value in the signal processing unit 115 and used to control the function.

[0028] The above problem can be solved, as already briefly discussed above, by increasing the resolution of the measured value 110, for example from 16 to 32 bits, so that if the digital part 180 of the sensor 120 is working correctly, noises in the acquisition of the physical quantities can be predicted by the sensor and, due to the increased resolution, this noise can be recognized in the measured value 115. This procedure is certainly possible in principle, but it requires a significantly increased capacity for transmitting measured values ​​with a correspondingly increased resolution, just to be able to recognize certain errors. The approach proposed here is that the measured values ​​are calculated periodically, i.e. at specific intervals, with specific predefined calculation parameters, so that based on the presence of these changed measured values, it can then also be recognized whether the digital part 180 of the sensor 120 is functioning correctly. For this purpose, for example, the device 100 can also be understood as an extension of the digital part 180 of the sensor 120, so that the signal 105 can be transmitted, for example, via a normal data transmission path in the vehicle 117, for example a CAN bus. In this case, it can again be determined by means of a device 150 before the signal processing unit 115 whether the received value 160 contained in the signal 105 corresponds to the correct measured value 110 .

[0029] 2 shows, in two sub-diagrams in Fig. 2a and 2b, a representation of the content of a signal 105 as, for example, output by a transmission unit 136. The signal 105 is output in this case as a series of data words, which first start such a data word 205 with a header 200, which is followed by a data field 210. In this case, the changed measured value 110' is included in the data field 210, which can be transmitted to the device 150 or to the signal processing unit 115.

[0030] 2a shows a first exemplary embodiment in which a sequence of measured values ​​110 is processed in the processing unit 130 by a corresponding processing rule 135 into changed measured values ​​110' and prepared in the signal 105 for transmission. As an example in this case, let us assume that the digital part 180 of the sensor 120 from FIG. 1 outputs a 4-bit-wide static measured value 110 in the form of 1111, which measured value 110 is however caused by a "Stuck-at-high" fault and should therefore be marked as defective and cannot be used in the signal processing unit 115. Since it is not possible to recognize, for example, in the signal processing unit 115 that this measured value 110 or a corresponding sequence of measured values ​​110 in the above-mentioned form is defective, with the device 100 corresponding to the representation of FIG. 1 at least two of the measured values ​​110 are processed by the processing unit 130 into changed measured values ​​110' corresponding to the processing rule 135 and placed in the corresponding data field 210 of the data word 205. This processing rule 135 can, for example, cause the measured value 110 to be calculated alternately with the first calculation parameters 215 as the (first) calculation value 140, which results in a changed measured value 110' of the form 1110, for example, which is then entered into the data field 210 of the first data word 205. This means that the least significant digit of the measured value 110, which is now present as binary data, is changed from the value 1 to the value 0. Thus, for example, the first calculation value corresponds to the subtraction of the smallest value that can be represented by a 4-bit wide measured value 110. Furthermore, the next measured value 110 can be calculated by the processing unit 130 with the second calculation parameters 220 as the (second) calculation value 140 on the basis of the processing rule 135, which results in a change in the content of the measured value 110, which is then entered into the data field 210 of the second data word 205 as a "changed" measured value 110' of the form 1111.Then, for the still further measured value 110, a changed measured value 110 can again be generated in the processing unit 130 in accordance with the processing rule 135 following the procedure for the first data word 205, so that in this case too a changed measured value 110' of the form 1110 is obtained, which form 1110 is then entered into the data field 210 of the third data word 205. It can now be recognized that, despite the adjacent static measured value 110 of the form 1111, a data word 205 is transmitted in the signal 105, the contents of whose data field are periodically changed. It is therefore possible in an analysis unit 165 in the device 150 very simply to recognize the occurrence of such an above-mentioned error by knowledge of the corresponding processing rule 135 and the respectively used calculation parameters 140 and to prevent the use of the transmitted measured value 110 by the signal processing unit 115 by the output of a corresponding error signal 175. Thus, by knowledge of the used calculated value 140 and the time interval 225 between the two applications of the respective calculated value 140, the analysis and evaluation of the sequence of measured values ​​110 output by the digital part 180 of the sensor 120 can be carried out very simply.

[0031] In the exemplary embodiment shown in Fig. 2a, the second calculation parameter 220 is used as the calculation value 140, which leaves the measured value 110 substantially unchanged, so that from a purely technical point of view, only the first calculation parameter 215 as the calculation value 140 may be applied to the measured value 110 entered in the data field 210 of the first and third data word 205. The second measured value 110 is not changed therein at all. This allows a reduction in the processing load in the device 100, in particular in the processing unit 130, so that for example the numerical load for specifically converting the measured value 110 into a changed measured value 110' can be reduced. However, this would mean that the measured value 110 would actually be "falsified", so that it must or preferably should be converted back into the correct form again in the device 150 or a subunit of this device 150 in order to avoid further errors in the use of this measured value 110. This is necessary in particular if not only statically adjacent measured values ​​110 are received by the reading interface 125, but also the actual dynamically variable measured values ​​110, which are converted in the processing unit 130 in accordance with the processing rules 135 in order to secure the transmission, and such a processing of the measured values ​​110 into processed or modified measured values ​​110' is also performed. Even if in the components of the device 100 only an evaluation is performed that the measured values ​​110 read in via the reading interface 125 remain the same, and if so, a corresponding processing according to the processing rules 135 is performed, this is not known on the receiving side of the signal processing unit 115, so that in order to properly secure the usability of the measured values, it is always advisable to perform a corresponding compensation of the conversion of the measured values ​​110 into modified measured values ​​110' performed in the processing unit 130.

[0032] 2b shows a representation of the composition of the signal 105 using a further exemplary embodiment of the processing rule 135. In this case, a series of digital measurement values ​​110, here for example in the form of 1101, 1010 and 1110, is assumed. If for example as the first calculation parameter 215 a calculation value 140 corresponding to an addition of the least significant digit is selected and as the second calculation parameter 220 a calculation value 140 corresponding to a subtraction of the least significant digit is selected, then the value 1110 is obtained as the first modified measurement value 110', the value 1001 as the second modified measurement value 110' and the value 1111 as the third modified measurement value 110', which are then each entered into the corresponding data field 110 of the respective data word 105. In this way, by alternately adding or subtracting small values ​​of the corresponding measured values ​​110, in particular in the case of relatively long-term consideration of these measured values, for example for the integration of these measured values, the "falsification" caused by the processing rule 135 is compensated for by reporting a different calculated value 140, so that such an evaluation does not require any correction of the changed measured value 110' in the device 150 or in the signal processing unit 115 in the first place, which further allows a reduction in numerical or circuit-technical complexity to be achieved.

[0033] At the same time, in principle, it is not necessary for the processing rule 135 to change only one lower value of the corresponding measured value 110 in order to recognize an error in the sensor 120 or the digital part 180, but other digits of the measured value 110 can also be actively changed, as long as it is known which digit or which calculated value 140 is to be used by the processing rule 135. It can be seen that the period of the processing rule, i.e. the time interval 225 between the use of the different calculation parameters 215 or 225 as calculation values ​​140, is also important.

[0034] Furthermore, it is of course conceivable that for the approach presented here, measurements 110 with any resolution can be used, i.e. the approach presented here is not limited to only measurements with a width of 4 bits. It can therefore also be recognized that the approach presented here does not require any obvious increase in the resolution of the measurements in order to recognize, through the noise of the recorded physical values ​​of the sensor 120, that the digital part 180 of the sensor 120 is still functioning correctly. Rather, by active modification of individual digits or components of the measurements 110, possible malfunctions of the sensor 120 or of the digital part 180 of the sensor 120 can be identified very well and technically very efficiently, if the exact modification or processing rules 130 are known.

[0035] To sum up, in view of the approach presented here, the question arises as to why the procedure of increasing the resolution to 32 bits proposed so far is necessary. This only makes sense if it is to be checked whether the digital part 180 of the sensor 120 is still working due to noise. Since several identical values ​​following each other cannot be excluded in statistics, other approaches, for example, propose to increase the noise width in order to significantly reduce the probability of identical values ​​following each other. In this case, however, with VMPS, 32 bits would generate more than twice the SPI bus load on the SPI, which is already difficult for microprocessors. Furthermore, emissions would increase in electromagnetic compatibility. On a CAN bus at 500 kHz, it would be even worse. If a total width of 8 bytes is required, a value of 200 μs would result for one data word 205 per signal. With 6 signals, it is already 1200 μs, redundantly 2400 μs. If the 5 ms range is selected, the transmission of the sensor values ​​alone would generate a bus load of 50%.

[0036] According to the approach presented here, the data width can be rewound to 16 bits again and for example 1 bit of "artificial noise" can be added. This means for example that the old value is stored and a new value is calculated, with a statistically distributed subtraction or addition of LSBs to it. Then, by a simple comparison, it can be checked if the digital part is still active.

[0037] 3 shows a flow diagram of one exemplary embodiment of a method 300 for guarding a signal for transmitting a series of measurements to a signal processing unit. The method 300 includes a step 310 of reading at least one series of measurements of a sensor and a step 320 of processing the measurements using a cyclic processing rule to determine one changed measurement for each of at least two measurements. The method 300 finally includes a step 330 of transmitting the changed measurements as the sensor measurements to the signal processing unit.

[0038] 4 shows a flow diagram of one exemplary embodiment of a method 400 for recognizing an error in the transmission of a signal comprising measured values ​​to a signal processing unit. The method 400 comprises a step 410 of reading a sequence of received values ​​from the transmitted signal and a step 420 of analyzing whether the received values ​​have a periodic pattern as obtained by applying a processing rule to the sensor's measured values. The method 400 finally comprises a step 430 of determining an error in the transmission of the signal comprising received values ​​if the step of analysis does not recognize that the signal comprising received values ​​has a periodic pattern.

[0039] When an exemplary embodiment includes an "and / or" combination between a first feature and a second feature, this means that the exemplary embodiment includes both the first feature and the second feature according to an embodiment. and according to a further embodiment it should be read as having only the first feature or only the second feature.

Claims

1. A method (300) for securing a signal (105) for transmitting a series of measurements (110) to a signal processing unit (115), comprising: a step (310) of reading at least one series of measurements (110) of a sensor (120); - processing (320) at least two measurements (110) using a cyclic processing rule (135) in order to determine one changed measurement (110') for each of said measurements; - transmitting (330) said altered measurements (110) as measurements (110) of said sensor (120) to said signal processing unit (115); The method (300) comprises:

2. 2. The method (300) according to claim 1, characterized in that in the processing step (320), processing rules (135) formed to effect algebraic and / or logical operations of the measurement values ​​(110) and / or digital representations of the measurement values ​​(110) with predefined operation values ​​(140) are used to determine the changed measurement values ​​(110).

3. 3. The method (300) according to claim 2, characterized in that in the processing step (320), a processing rule (135) formed for adding the measured value (110) and the calculated value (140) is used to determine a corresponding changed measured value (110').

4. 4. The method (300) according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that in the processing step (320), a processing rule (135) formed to change the least significant digit of the measured value (110) is used to obtain a corresponding changed measured value (110').

5. 5. The method (300) according to claim 2, wherein in the processing step (320), a processing rule (135) formed for alternatingly calculating the measurement value (110) with a first (215) predefined calculation value (140) and a second (220) predefined calculation value (140) different from the first calculation value (140) is used to determine the changed measurement value (110').

6. 6. The method (300) according to claim 5, characterized in that in the processing step (320), a processing rule (135) is used which is formed to use as the second (220) predefined operation value (140) a value which is the complement of the first operation value (140).

7. 7. The method (300) according to claim 1, characterized in that in the processing step (320), a processing rule (135) is used that is formed for applying a periodic processing rule (135) if the measurements (110) of the series of measurements (110) within a predefined time range are identical.

8. 8. The method (300) according to claim 1, characterized in that in the processing step (320), for measured values ​​(110) read at predefined time intervals (225) from one another, a processing rule (135) configured for processing by the processing rule (135) periodically is used in order to obtain in each case a corresponding changed measured value (110').

9. The effect of transmitting a signal (105) containing the measured values ​​(110) to a signal processing unit (115) A method (400) for recognizing a lar, comprising: - reading (410) a series of received values ​​(160) from said signal (105); a step (420) of analyzing whether said received values ​​(160) have a periodic pattern as obtained by applying the loaded processing rules (135) to the measurements (110) of the sensor (120); a step (430) of determining an error in the transmission of the signal (105) comprising said received values ​​(160), if said analysis step (420) does not recognize that said signal (105) comprises said received values ​​(160) has said periodic pattern; The method (400) comprises:

10. An apparatus (100, 150) adapted to execute and / or control steps (410, 420, 430) of the method (300, 400) according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in a corresponding unit (125, 130, 136, 155, 165, 170).

11. A computer program adapted to perform and / or control the steps (310, 320, 330, 410, 420, 430) of the method (300, 400) according to any one of the claims 1 to 9.

12. A machine-readable memory medium having stored thereon the computer program of claim 11.

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