Method for producing cellulosic substance

Abstract

To provide an economically advantageous method for producing a cellulosic substance because improvement is not expected in procurement or production process of a raw material in a conventional production method.SOLUTION: A method for producing a cellulosic substance from saccharides by cellulose-producing bacteria derived from kelp tea in culture medium, where a cellulosic substance can be produced in an economically and temporally advantageous condition by a method for producing a cellulosic substance having tobacco juice being an extract from dried tobacco leaves, twigs and stems as a raw material.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for producing a cellulosic material using a microorganism. [Background technology]

[0002] Products using cellulosic materials have traditionally been used in a wide range of applications, but most of the cellulose is derived from plants, and the physical properties and manufacturing methods are similar. In order to differentiate between products, labor-intensive methods such as chemical modification of cellulose have been used.

[0003] As a prior art, for example, the claims of Patent Document 1 disclose a method for producing a cellulosic material using lactic acid bacteria or yeast as other microorganisms in addition to cellulose-producing bacteria. However, the cellulose-producing bacteria used are special bacteria such as Acetobacter xylinum subsp. sucrofermentans, and it is difficult to even obtain the bacteria on request.

[0004] On the other hand, for example, the claims of Patent Document 2 disclose a cosmetic or dermatological composition using kombucha. Kombucha is inexpensive and easy to obtain, and in recent years, it is expected to be used in a variety of ways other than as a food or drink.

[0005] Also, for example, the claims of Patent Document 3 disclose a composition for forming a heat storage layer containing fine cellulose fibers. However, the heat storage material and water-soluble polymer contained therein must be carefully selected, and the physical properties as a heat storage material are not necessarily satisfactory. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 10-201495 [Patent Document 2] Special Publication No. 2005-534691 [Patent Document 3] Re-tabled publication No. 2018-105617 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] Conventional cellulosic material production requires procurement of plant-derived raw materials, and extraction from the raw materials is time-consuming and laborious. In contrast, a method for quickly producing cellulosic materials from cheap and easily available raw materials has been desired.

[0008] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned circumstances, and its object is to provide a method for producing a cellulosic material which can produce a cellulosic material extremely quickly using economically advantageous materials, and which can decompose and detoxify the nicotine contained in tobacco juice during the fermentation process. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] The above-mentioned object of the present invention can be achieved by the following configuration. [1] A method for producing a cellulosic material from sugars by a cellulose-producing bacterium in a culture medium, comprising: Tobacco juice, which is an extract of dried tobacco leaves, branches and stems, is mixed into the medium; A method for producing cellulosic materials. [2] a juice producing step of producing the tobacco juice, The juice producing step includes: harvesting said tobacco leaves, branches and / or stems from a tobacco field; a drying and grinding step of drying and grinding the tobacco leaves, branches and / or stems harvested in the harvesting step; and an extraction step of pouring a predetermined extraction solvent into the tobacco ground product obtained by the drying and grinding step to obtain the extract. A method for producing a cellulosic material according to [1]. [3] The extraction solvent is boiled hot water. A method for producing a cellulosic material according to [2]. [4] The cellulose-producing bacteria is selected from yeasts, acetic bacteria, and lactic acid bacteria contained in kombucha. A method for producing a cellulosic material according to [1]. [5] The sugar is selected from brown sugar, cane sugar, palm sugar and sugar; A method for producing a cellulosic material according to [1].

[0010] It is advisable to use the configuration described above in [1]. In this case, the tobacco leaves, branches and stems do not need to be of a special variety or quality, and it is economically preferable to utilize the residues that are generated in large quantities during normal leaf tobacco harvesting. First, in order to produce tobacco juice, a method is used in which dried tobacco leaves, branches and stems are extracted with hot water. In this decoction process, the temperature is 60°C to 100°C, preferably 80°C to 100°C, and more preferably 95°C to 100°C. The decoction time is 3 to 10 minutes, preferably 5 to 8 minutes, and more preferably 5 to 6 minutes.

[0011] The tobacco juice is then allowed to coexist with cellulose-producing bacteria and sugars in a medium, and subjected to a fermentation process. The fermentation temperature is 25°C to 40°C, preferably 28°C to 40°C, and more preferably 28°C to 32°C. The fermentation humidity is 50% to 90%, preferably 60% to 90%, and more preferably 70% to 80%. The fermentation time is 200 hours to 350 hours, preferably 120 hours to 240 hours, and more preferably 170 hours to 240 hours. The produced cellulosic material is then recovered from the medium, and can be used later.

[0012] In the present invention, the cellulosic material can be used, for example, as a substitute for leather products after drying and stretching, etc. The substitute for leather products according to the present invention is produced by drying the cellulosic material and forming it into a sheet, and has surface properties that are porous and strong.

[0013] In addition, by mixing tobacco juice, the nicotine contained in the tobacco juice is decomposed during the fermentation process. That is, nicotine is removed during the production process of the cellulosic material. This reduces the toxicity of the tobacco juice. In other words, by actively using tobacco juice in the production of the cellulosic material, it is possible to obtain both the effects of efficiently producing the cellulosic material and decomposing and detoxifying nicotine.

[0014] It is recommended to use the configuration described above in [2]. In this case, indigenous bacteria existing in nature can be used as nicotine decomposition bacteria. Therefore, unlike conventional methods such as steam distillation at a high pH level, nicotine decomposition bacteria are active, so tobacco juice, in other words tobacco waste extract, can be removed without pretreatment, and at the same time, cellulosic material can be produced at an increased production rate.

[0015] As in the configuration [3] above, when a specified extraction solvent is poured onto the tobacco powder ground in the dry-grinding process to obtain an extract, it is preferable that the extraction solvent be boiled hot water.

[0016] It is recommended to use the configuration described above in [4]. In this specification, kombucha is defined as a fermented beverage produced by fermenting sweetened tea (leaves of the tea plant (scientific name: Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze)) with acetic acid bacteria Komagataeibacter xylinus (formerly Gluconacetobacter xylinus) and yeast (as of the genera Brettanomyces and Saccharomyces), and may contain other microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria in addition to acetic acid bacteria and yeast. In this case, since it is relatively inexpensive and easy to obtain, and can be propagated by self-cultivation, it is particularly economically advantageous to use it as a cellulose-producing bacterium for producing cellulosic materials.

[0017] It is recommended to use the configuration described above in [5]. In this case, the sugar to be used is not particularly limited, and refined white sugar or granulated sugar may be used. However, since bleaching or refining is not necessarily required, it is preferable to use sugar that is inexpensive, easily available, and in a state close to that of the raw material. Effect of the Invention

[0018] According to the method for producing cellulosic material of the present invention, it is possible to produce cellulosic material extremely quickly using economically advantageous materials, and to decompose and detoxify the nicotine contained in tobacco juice during the fermentation process.

[0019] The present invention has been briefly described above. The details of the present invention will become clearer by reading through the above embodiments (hereinafter referred to as "embodiments") or specific examples (hereinafter referred to as "examples"). [Brief description of the drawings]

[0020] [Figure 1]Figure 1 is a photograph of the surface of Scoby leather observed by SEM analysis, without applying gold glaze. [Diagram 2] Figure 2 is a photograph of the surface of Scoby leather observed by SEM analysis, showing the results after applying gold glaze. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a photograph of the surface of tobacco scoby leather, showing the results for tobacco scoby leather 1 (unrefined). [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a photograph of the surface of tobacco scoby leather, showing the results of tobacco scoby leather 2 (refined). [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 is a photograph showing that the surface of tobacco scoby leather is a porous material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0021] Hereinafter, one or more embodiments and examples specifically disclosed regarding the method for producing a cellulosic material according to the present invention will be described.

[0022] However, the following embodiments or examples are merely examples of the implementation of the present invention, and may omit more detailed explanations than necessary. For example, detailed explanations of already well-known matters or duplicate explanations of substantially the same configurations may be omitted. This is to avoid the following explanation becoming unnecessarily redundant and to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art.

[0023] In addition, the following description is provided for those skilled in the art to fully understand the present disclosure, and is not intended to limit the subject matter described in the claims. In addition, if there are accompanying drawings, each of the accompanying drawings will be referenced according to the direction of the symbols.

[0024] Also, unless otherwise noted, all numbers expressing parameters, reaction conditions, component concentrations, and the like used in this specification and appended claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about." Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and appended claims are approximations that may vary depending at least on particular analytical techniques.

[0025] The terms "comprising" or "characterized by," which are synonymous with "comprising" and "containing," are to be construed in an inclusive or open-ended sense and do not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps. "Comprising" is a term of art used in claim language that means that the named claim element is required, but that other claim elements may be added to further form a structure within the scope of the claim.

[0026] Also, when the phrase "consisting of" is used herein, it excludes any element, step, or ingredient not specified in the claim. When the phrase "consisting of (or variations thereof)" appears in a section of the body of a claim rather than immediately following the preamble, it limits only the elements set forth in that section and does not exclude other elements from the claim as a whole. As used herein, the phrase "consisting essentially of" limits the scope of a claim to those elements or method steps specified in addition to those that do not materially affect the main and novel feature(s) of the claimed subject matter.

[0027] With respect to the terms "comprising," "consisting of," and "consisting essentially of," when one of these three terms is used herein, the presently disclosed and claimed subject matter may also include the use of either of the other two terms. Thus, in some embodiments not expressly recited otherwise, any instance of "comprising" may be replaced by "consisting of" or "consisting essentially of."

[0028] The term "process" or "step" may be used explicitly or implicitly in connection with a process or method feature, but no limitation is imposed on the order or sequence between such explicit processes or steps or between implicit processes or steps, unless the order or sequence is stated.

[0029] And, the "cellulosic material" as intended herein is understood to be "nanocellulose". The term "nanocellulose" includes microfibrillated cellulose, nanofibrillated cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, nanocrystalline cellulose, and granulated or fibrillated dissolved pulp. However, the term "nanocellulose" is broadly defined to include a range of cellulosic materials, including but not limited to these. Typically, nanocellulose as defined herein includes particles having at least one length dimension (e.g., diameter) on the nanometer scale.

[0030] Furthermore, "nanofibrillated cellulose" or equivalently "cellulose nanofibrils" refers to cellulose fibers or regions containing nanometer-sized pieces or fibers, or both micron-sized and nanometer-sized pieces or fibers. "Nanocrystalline cellulose" or equivalently "cellulose nanocrystals" refers to cellulose pieces, regions, or crystals containing nanometer-sized domains, or both micron-sized and nanometer-sized domains. "Micron-sized" includes 1 μm to 100 μm, and "nanometer-sized" includes 0.01 nm to 1000 nm (1 μm). Larger domains (including long fibers) may also be present in these materials.

[0031] In this specification, the aforementioned "nanocellulose" is produced from "SCOBY" (Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and yeast) obtained from the fermentation process of fungi including bacteria. "SCOBY" is understood to be a gelatinous cellulose-based biofilm or microbial mat floating on the surface of the gas-liquid mixture in the vessel.

[0032] In addition, when bacteria (microorganisms) and other fungi are added to a culture medium in which the fungi are cultured, or when the fungi are added to a culture medium containing sugars, they extract the glucose molecules of the sugars from the cells to produce fabli. In the process of production, nanocellulose constitutes the fabli, and the nanocellulose has affinity, strength and stability. Various intermolecular and intramolecular bonding phenomena occur, and a large number of fibrils are bonded to finally form a large structure and produce microfibrils. The result is the aforementioned "SCOBY". This "SCOBY" is a substance obtained by the fermentation process of lactic acid bacteria, acetic acid bacteria, etc., and is also used as a raw material for nanocellulose. Therefore, in this specification, "SCOBY" is also understood as "cellulosic material" or "nanocellulosic material".

[0033] -Embodiment- [About Kombucha] The composition of the kombucha of this embodiment, which is an example of the present invention, will be described.

[0034] The kombucha of this embodiment is a fermented beverage produced by fermenting sweetened tea (leaves of the tea plant (scientific name: Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze)) with acetic acid bacteria Komagataeibacter xylinus (formerly Gluconacetobacter xylinus) and yeast (as of the genera Brettanomyces and Saccharomyces). In addition to acetic acid bacteria and yeast, kombucha may also contain other microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria. These fungi are involved in fermentation using carbon sources such as sugars as raw materials, and produce cellulosic materials during the fermentation process. In other words, the fungi contained in kombucha function as cellulose-producing bacteria in the kombucha culture liquid. Kombucha is called black tea fungus in Japan and has become popular as a health drink.

[0035] The kombucha of the present embodiment contains a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast as a fermentation culture liquid, and is mixed with tobacco juice (see below) as a raw material.

[0036] Furthermore, analysis has revealed that the following bacteria are present in the kombucha of this embodiment. - Gluconacetobacter xylinus - Acetobacter xylinum - Komagataeibacter rhaeticus - Komagataeibacter xylinus - Komagataeibacter nataicola - Pseudomonas sp. - Rhodococcus sp.

[0037] Using the kombucha culture liquid mixed with this tobacco juice, it is possible to efficiently produce cellulosic materials (e.g., SCOBY (Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and yeast) sheets) from sugars (see below) in a sustainable and rapid manner. Furthermore, the fermentation process using the kombucha culture liquid mixed with tobacco juice makes it possible to remove nicotine, which is considered a harmful substance contained in tobacco juice, and reduce its toxicity (see below).

[0038] [About tobacco juice] The tobacco juice of this embodiment will be described.

[0039] By mixing the tobacco juice of this embodiment with the kombucha culture liquid, it becomes possible to introduce the above-mentioned Pseudomonas sp. and / or Rhodococcus sp. into the kombucha culture liquid. These fungi are considered to be nicotine-decomposing fungi. These fungi act to decompose nicotine during the fermentation process of the kombucha culture liquid mixed with the tobacco juice. In other words, nicotine is removed during the production process of the cellulosic material. This makes it possible to reduce the toxicity of the tobacco juice.

[0040] In other words, by actively using tobacco juice in the production of cellulosic materials, it is possible to obtain the effects of both efficiently producing cellulosic materials and decomposing nicotine to make it non-toxic.

[0041] Furthermore, in this embodiment, instead of using a commercially available nicotine-decomposing strain, tobacco roots harvested from tobacco fields on Ie Island in Okinawa Prefecture (one example of a tobacco harvesting site) are dried, crushed, and infused, and the infusion is then introduced into the kombucha culture solution.

[0042] Specifically, the method for producing a cellulosic material of the present embodiment includes a juice producing step for producing tobacco juice, and an extraction step for the juice producing step, which includes a harvesting step, a drying and crushing step, and an extraction step.

[0043] In the harvesting process, tobacco leaves, branches and / or stems are harvested from tobacco fields. In the drying and crushing process, the tobacco leaves, branches and / or stems harvested in the harvesting process are dried and crushed. In the extraction process, hot water (an example of an "extraction solvent") is poured onto the tobacco grounds crushed in the drying and crushing process (so-called decoction) to obtain a tobacco extract. The tobacco leaves, branches and stems do not need to be of a special variety or quality, and it is economically preferable to utilize the residues that are generated in large quantities during normal leaf tobacco harvesting.

[0044] In the above-mentioned extraction step, the brewing temperature is 60° C. to 100° C., preferably 80° C. to 100° C., and more preferably 95° C. to 100° C., and it is preferable to bring it to a boil and bring it to about 100° C. The brewing time is set to 3 minutes to 10 minutes, preferably 5 minutes to 8 minutes, and more preferably 5 minutes to 6 minutes.

[0045] By such a process, the indigenous bacteria existing in nature are introduced into the kombucha culture of the present embodiment. Also, by such a process, unlike the conventional method such as steam distillation at a high pH level, the nicotine decomposition bacteria are actively active in the kombucha culture of the present embodiment. Therefore, it is possible to remove the tobacco juice, in other words, the tobacco waste extract, without pretreatment, and at the same time, it is possible to produce cellulosic materials at an increased production rate.

[0046] [·Cellulosic Substance Formation] The process of cellulosic material production will be explained.

[0047] The tobacco juice is fermented in the above-mentioned kombucha medium with cellulose-producing bacteria, nicotine-decomposing bacteria and sugars, preferably selected from brown sugar, cane sugar, palm sugar and sugar. However, the sugar is not limited to these. The sugar to be used is not particularly limited, and white sugar or granulated sugar may be used. However, since bleaching or refining is not necessarily required, it is preferable to use sugar that is inexpensive, easily available, and in a state close to that of the raw material.

[0048] The fermentation temperature is 25°C to 40°C, preferably 28°C to 40°C, and more preferably 28°C to 32°C. The fermentation humidity is 50% to 90%, preferably 60% to 90%, and more preferably 70% to 80%. The fermentation time is 200 hours to 350 hours, preferably 120 hours to 240 hours, and more preferably 170 hours to 240 hours. The produced cellulosic material can be recovered from the medium for subsequent use.

[0049] Under such fermentation conditions, cellulosic material is produced in the kombucha medium, suspended in the culture liquid, for example as the aforementioned SCOBY (Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and yeast). The fermentation period is about several days (for example, about 5 to 7 days).

[0050] --Example-- The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to one or more examples, which are not intended to limit the subject matter recited in the claims. EXAMPLES

[0051] In this example, a comparative example using green tea juice and an example using tobacco juice were compared, and the type of sugar added to the tobacco juice was also changed to produce a cellulosic material (SCOBY: Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and yeast) sheet. It should be noted that the cellulosic material in this embodiment is understood to be nanocellulose.

[0052] The production of cellulosic material took 7 days and used 1 L of culture medium + 1 L of water + 100 g of sugar.

[0053] The resulting SCOBY sheet before drying is shown in Table 1.

[0054] [Table 1]

[0055] The above SCOBY sheet was bleached and then placed in a hot air circulating dryer for 18 hours. The dried SCOBY sheet is shown in Table 2.

[0056] [Table 2]

[0057] Table 3 shows a comparison of the values ​​before and after drying for the SCOBY sheets described above.

[0058] [Table 3]

[0059] As a result of the above, the tobacco juice manufacturing method was clearly superior to the conventional tea juice manufacturing method. It was confirmed that the generation speed was improved by EXAMPLES

[0060] In this example, the cellulosic material was produced during the fermentation process in the kombucha culture as described above. The cellulosic material produced was dried and stretched into a sheet to be used as a substitute for leather products (hereinafter also referred to as "SCOBY leather". Also, the product mixed with tobacco juice is also referred to as "tobacco SCOBY leather"), and experiments and analyses were carried out as shown below.

[0061] [Analysis method and experimental details] [...Analysis method] (X-ray diffraction (XRD)) For crystal structure analysis, the crystalline phases of dried Scoby leather or tobacco Scoby leather were identified using an X-ray diffractometer with a scanning angle range of 5°–60°, a step width of 0.02°, and a scanning speed of 2° / min. (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)) The chemical functional groups of the SCOBY-leather or tobacco SCOBY-leather nanocomposite films were analyzed using FTIR. The spectral range was 400–4000 cm -1 was set to.

[0062] [··Experimental content] (Fermentation time and weight measurement) In an experiment using tobacco juice mixed into a kombucha culture, wet and dry weights were measured after 5 days of fermentation. Two samples of unrefined (not washed with water or caustic soda after drying) and refined (washed with water or caustic soda after drying) tobacco scoby leather were compared. The first type, unrefined tobacco scoby leather, is also called tobacco scoby leather 1. The second type, refined (not washed with water or caustic soda after drying), is also called 2.

[0063] (Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) Analysis) SEM analysis showed that tobacco scoby leather is a porous material. EDS analysis confirmed the constituent elements of tobacco scoby leather.

[0064] (Optimization of water loss) The moisture loss during the fermentation process of tobacco SCOBY leather was measured. To identify the optimal fermentation conditions, multiple carbon sources and tea varieties were analyzed for the broth.

[0065] (·Absorbance measurement method (OD600)) Using an Implen NanoPhotometer®, the absorbance of samples produced by mixing tobacco juice with kombucha broth (i.e., tobacco scoby leather) and samples that were not mixed in was measured. The sample produced by mixing tobacco juice showed a distinct characteristic, confirming that the nicotine-degrading bacteria (see above) functioned effectively in the kombucha broth mixed with tobacco juice, even when nicotine was not removed.

[0066] [Experimental Results] The experimental results of this example are shown in FIGS.

[0067] Figures 1 and 2 are photographs of the surface of Scoby leather observed by SEM analysis, with Figure 1 showing the result without applying gold glaze, and Figure 2 showing the result with gold glaze applied. Figures 3 and 4 are similar photographs of the surface of tobacco scoby leather, with Figure 3 showing the results for tobacco scoby leather 1 (unrefined) and Figure 4 showing the results for tobacco scoby leather 2 (refined). FIG. 5 is a photograph showing that the surface of tobacco scoby leather is a porous material.

[0068] Table 4 shows the fermentation time with kombucha culture liquid and the weight of the SCOBY sheet produced by the fermentation. Table 5 shows the moisture loss of the tobacco scoby leathers produced. Table 6 shows the results of fermentation with varying densities of brown sugar or molasses as the carbon source.

[0069] [Table 4]

[0070] [Table 5]

[0071] [Table 6]

[0072] As described above, through various experiments and analyses, the following observations could be derived. [·Consideration] This example shows that the method for producing a cellulosic material (SCOBY sheets) using kombucha culture mixed with tobacco juice (in other words, tobacco waste) can decompose nicotine contained in the tobacco juice and efficiently produce SCOBY sheets. This suggests the possibility of providing a new approach for the sustainable use of tobacco waste and the production of SCOBY sheets.

[0073] In pursuit of sustainable and efficient production of cellulosic materials (e.g., SCOBY sheets), the inventors focus on utilizing bacteria (cellulose-producing bacteria) contained in kombucha cultures for fermentation of juice extracted from tobacco waste (i.e., tobacco juice). This approach can eliminate the need for labor-intensive nicotine removal processes, simplify the production workflow, and provide a more innovative and practical method.

[0074] -Finally- Although the description of one or more specific embodiments or specific examples has been completed above, the aspects of the present invention are not limited to these embodiments or examples, and modifications, improvements, etc. are possible as appropriate.

[0075] In other words, it is clear that a person skilled in the art can conceive of various modifications, alterations, substitutions, additions, deletions, and / or equivalents within the scope of the claims, and it is understood that these also naturally belong to the technical scope of the present disclosure. In addition, the components in one or more of the above-mentioned embodiments or examples may be arbitrarily combined within the scope of the invention. [Industrial Applicability]

[0076] The present invention can provide a production method that is advantageous in terms of both economics and time compared to conventional methods for producing cellulosic materials, and it is expected that the cellulosic materials produced thereby will be used for more useful applications than those that have been used conventionally.

[0077] Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for producing cellulosic materials from tobacco juice (e.g., tobacco waste) using kombucha culture liquid, which enables efficient production of cellulosic materials through the natural decomposition of nicotine contained in the tobacco juice, thereby providing a novel technological approach for the sustainable use of tobacco waste and the production of cellulosic materials.

Claims

1. A method for producing a cellulosic material from sugars by a cellulose-producing bacterium in a culture medium, comprising: Tobacco juice, which is an extract of dried tobacco leaves, branches and stems, is mixed into the medium; A method for producing cellulosic materials.

2. a juice producing step of producing the tobacco juice, The juice producing step includes: harvesting said tobacco leaves, branches and / or stems from a tobacco field; a drying and grinding step of drying and grinding the tobacco leaves, branches and / or stems harvested in the harvesting step; and an extraction step of pouring a predetermined extraction solvent into the tobacco ground product obtained by the drying and grinding step to obtain the extract. A method for producing the cellulosic material of claim 1.

3. The extraction solvent is boiled hot water. A method for producing the cellulosic material of claim 2.

4. The cellulose-producing bacteria is selected from yeasts, acetic bacteria, and lactic acid bacteria contained in kombucha. A method for producing the cellulosic material of claim 1.

5. The sugar is selected from brown sugar, cane sugar, palm sugar and sugar; A method for producing the cellulosic material of claim 1.

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