Form system containing form lining including at least one form element at back side

Abstract

SOLUTION: A form lining and a form element are manufactured in a three-dimensional printing method. This is preferably performed by a common three-dimensional printing step; however, the form lining and the form element can be manufactured by another three-dimensional printing step, and the form element is subsequently provided at the back side of the form lining. This is performed by using at least one first fixing element. In contrast to this, in the case where the form lining and the form element are manufactured in the common three-dimensional printing step, additional use of the first fixing element for fixing the form element to the form lining is not needed.EFFECT: A form element and, arbitrarily, a first fixing element are provided at the back side of a form lining so that these do not come into contact with or do not penetrate the front side of the form lining. This invention is regarding, for example, a method in which such a form system is used for manufacturing a structure element made of concrete.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The invention relates to a formwork system (1) comprising a mould lining (2) and at least one mould element (10) provided on the rear side (4) of the mould lining (2). The mould lining (2) and the mould element (10) are produced by a 3D printing method. This is preferably done in a common 3D printing process, however it is also possible that the mould lining (2) and the mould element (10) are produced in separate 3D printing processes, where the mould element (10) is provided on the rear side (4) of the mould lining (2). This is done using at least one first fastening element (50). On the other hand, if the mould lining (2) and the mould element (10) are produced in a common 3D printing process, there is no need to additionally use a first fastening element (50) to fasten the mould element (10) to the mould lining (2). According to the invention, the mould element (10) and optionally the first fastening element (50) are provided on the rear side (4) of the mould lining (2) in such a way that they do not come into contact with or penetrate the front side (3) of the mould lining (2). The invention also relates to the use of such a formwork system (1) for the manufacture of structural elements, for example made of concrete.

[0002] Formwork for manufacturing structural elements made of concrete must be able to withstand internal pressures with small deformations due to the high density of concrete. Furthermore, there are high demands on obtaining an undisturbed, uniform surface for the concrete structural elements to be manufactured, as well as obtaining the desired, ideally uninterrupted texture. A uniform, undisturbed formwork surface free of visible fastening elements, e.g. screws, reduces the effort of reworking the formwork and the precast concrete parts. In practice, formwork systems are usually fastened to the foundation starting from the face facing the concrete and through this face, for example using screws or other fastening elements, in order to achieve the corresponding structural fastening. However, this method, which is widespread in practice, has the important disadvantage that the fastening elements used are clearly visible on the surface of the concrete structural elements to be manufactured, thus requiring reworking. For example, if the screws used are provided with a filler at their heads, stains on the surface and / or undesirable deformations / depressions can be seen in the corresponding concrete structural elements.

[0003] WO 95 / 02101 discloses a conventional formwork system (designated as lining boards) in which a generally U-shaped cross-section support beam is provided on the side of the form lining facing away from the concrete. WO 95 / 02101 does not provide any specific information about the material from which the form lining is made or the method of manufacturing the form lining. The generally U-shaped cross-section support beam can be manufactured, for example, from sheet metal.

[0004] DE-A102016119365 relates to a modular formwork system for producing concrete elements. The attached figures in particular show how the concrete elements are actually produced first using a custom-made formwork system and then using a formwork system fastened to a support structure or foundation. Aluminium formwork panels are often used in practice, but are described in this document as having disadvantages due to the problem of texture on the concrete surface. The modular formwork system disclosed in this document instead consists of a number of individual moulds, which are made from a plastic (synthetic material) that hardens in layers, at least on the side facing the concrete. This surface is then provided on a (separate) base plate, which can be made for example from aluminium. In practical use, this modular formwork system made up of a number of individual moulds is then fastened to a formwork or foundation on the rear side, i.e. the side facing away from the concrete. For this purpose, separate devices for fastening the individual elements are usually used which are provided on the rear side of a base plate, for example made from aluminum.

[0005] Patent document 3 (CN105926935A) discloses an integrated column template for concrete placement based on 3D printing, in which the integrated column template has a tubular structure formed by 3D printing, the tubular structure being composed of a tube wall and optionally a reinforcing rib.

[0006] Patent document 4 (KR101539186B1) relates to a formwork arrangement for pouring concrete with a specific outer surface, which comprises a frame and a corresponding part that corresponds to the outer surface of the concrete to be poured.

[0007] Patent Document 5 (CN108797892A2) discloses a freely removable concrete column mold, which is reinforced with a glass fiber mesh, and the column mold includes a hollow ultra-high performance concrete layer and a glass fiber mesh. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0008] [Patent Document 1] WO95 / 02101 [Patent Document 2] DE-A102016119365 [Patent Document 3] CN105926935A [Patent Document 4] KR101539186B1 [Patent Document 5] CN108797892A2 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0009] The object of the present invention is based on the provision of a new formwork system suitable for manufacturing structural elements made of concrete. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] The purpose of this is to - a mould lining (2) having a front side (3) and a rear side (4), at least one mould element (10) provided on the rear side (4) of the mould lining (2), Including, This is achieved by a formwork system (1) in which i) the mould lining (2) and the mould element (10) are manufactured by a 3D printing method, ii) the mould element (10) is provided on the rear side (4) of the mould lining (2), optionally by using at least one first fastening element (50), and iii) the mould element (10) and optionally the first fastening element (50) are provided on the rear side (4) of the mould lining (2) in such a way that the mould element (10) and the optionally used first fastening element (50) do not contact or penetrate the front side (3) of the mould lining (2). DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0011] One key advantage of the formwork systems according to the invention is found in the very high degree of adaptability in the way they are combined with the corresponding foundations, thus making it possible to easily compensate for the different expansion or contraction behavior of the respective materials used due to extreme temperature conditions, e.g. hot or cold.

[0012] A further key advantage can be found in the fact that when producing concrete structural elements, undisturbed and / or uniform surfaces can be produced in a simple manner with the desired, ideally uninterrupted texture. This is achieved in particular by the fact that in the formwork system (1) according to the invention, the finished form lining (2) and the form elements (10) are produced by a 3D printing process. Advantageously, the finished form lining (2) and / or the form lining (2), respectively, are produced by a single 3D printing process. The individual elements of the formwork system (1) according to the invention do not have to be laboriously assembled from a plurality of individual elements, as is required, for example, in the method according to DE-A102016119365. If the form lining (2) and the form lining (2) are produced in a common 3D printing process, the formwork system (1) according to the invention can be produced particularly easily.

[0013] The 3D printed formwork system (1) according to the invention is particularly suitable for producing particularly complex geometric structures that are impossible to produce using normal formwork elements (e.g. panels, tubes, wax or polyurethane foam) or that can only be produced with a very high level of effort, either by hand or by CNC milling. Formwork systems according to the invention usually have a lower mass and / or a shorter production time, because they can be produced with a relatively thin lining (e.g. 1-20 mm thick). The preferred thin-walled formwork systems according to the invention can be equipped in a simple and flexible manner with a corresponding base, which is made of rigid and load-bearing elements, e.g. a wooden lattice structure, and thus can withstand high pressures without unacceptable / considerable deformations when pouring or packing with a filling medium (e.g. concrete).

[0014] The formwork system according to the invention, with its flexible ease of handling, no longer requires adhesive bonding to the foundation, a method that is still widely used in practice, which is usually very expensive, time-consuming and introduces a new medium into the manufacturing process together with the adhesive, which in some cases must then be separated and disposed of (waste). In addition, a relatively large amount of adhesive must be used to obtain a stable bond. Furthermore, the subsequent dismantling becomes more difficult.

[0015] Likewise, the formwork system according to the invention hardly requires screwing into the foundation from the inside (the side facing the concrete), as is done in practice instead of adhesive bonding. The use of the formwork system according to the invention therefore allows the situation where the produced precast concrete part does not have to show screw heads, holes or other guides on the surface of the form lining on the precast concrete part to be produced. Disturbances to the surface / texture on the precast concrete part are thus prevented and no additional filling and / or smoothing measures have to be carried out subsequently on the produced precast concrete part. Here, in this respect, the filling material used has a different suction behavior than the formwork material, which also leads to visible disturbances on the concrete surface. This is particularly important in applications where the concrete is visible.

[0016] In the following the formwork system according to the invention will be explained in more detail.

[0017] The first subject of the present invention is - a mould lining (2) having a front side (3) and a rear side (4), at least one mould element (10) provided on the rear side (4) of the mould lining (2), Including, A formwork system (1), in which i) the mould lining (2) and the mould element (10) are manufactured by a 3D printing method, ii) the mould element (10) is provided on the rear side (4) of the mould lining (2), optionally by using at least one first fastening element (50), and iii) the mould element (10) and optionally the first fastening element (50) are provided on the rear side (4) of the mould lining (2) in such a way that the mould element (10) and the optionally used first fastening element (50) do not contact or penetrate the front side (3) of the mould lining (2).

[0018] 3D (three-dimensional) printing methods are known per se to those skilled in the art. In principle, all known different 3D printing techniques can be used according to the present invention, such as selective laser melting, electron beam melting, selective laser sintering, stereolithography, or fused deposition modeling (FDM). The same applies analogously to corresponding starting materials, such as powders or fibers, which are applied layer by layer in the corresponding 3D printing method to produce the desired three-dimensional (3D) object.

[0019] According to the invention, the complete formwork system (1), including the mould lining (2) and at least one mould element (10), is produced by a 3D printing method. Furthermore, the individual functional elements (40) can also be produced by a 3D printing method. However, it is also possible that within the formwork system (1) according to the invention, individual mould elements, functional elements or other objects are not produced by a 3D printing method. For example, the formwork system (1) according to the invention can also include, in addition to the at least one mould element (10), which is provided behind the mould lining (2) (4) and which is produced by a 3D printing method, further mould elements which are not produced by a 3D printing method. According to the invention, the first and second fastening elements (20 / 50) or the base part (30) are usually not produced by a 3D printing method, because this is too complicated. In theory, however, such objects can also be produced by a 3D printing method as well.

[0020] According to the invention, it is preferred that the individual elements of the formwork system (1) produced by a 3D printing process, i.e. in particular the mould lining (2) and at least one mould element (10), respectively, are produced by a single 3D printing process. In other words, according to the invention, it is preferred that the individual components of the formwork system (1) according to the invention produced by a 3D printing process do not consist of different parts, which are each produced in one piece and then have to be laboriously joined together.

[0021] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the formwork system (1) is produced in such a way that the mould lining (2) and the at least one mould element (10) are manufactured in a common 3D printing process.

[0022] According to the present invention, however, it is possible that the mould lining (2) and the at least one mould element (10) are manufactured in separate 3D printing processes, but it is preferred that the mould lining (2) and the at least one mould element (10) are manufactured in a common 3D printing process.

[0023] In the case of the formwork system (1) according to the invention, in which the form lining (2) and the at least one form element (10) are each manufactured in separate 3D printing steps, the form element (10) is then provided on the rear side (4) of the form lining (2) by using at least one first fastening element (50). Suitable in principle as the first fastening element (50) here are fastening elements (e.g. for fastening the formwork system (1) according to the invention to the base (30)) similar to those described in detail below as the second fastening element (20). The use of adhesives known to the person skilled in the art is also suitable as the first fastening element (50), however, they are less suitable according to the invention when fastening the formwork system (1) and the base (30).

[0024] If the first fastening element (50) is then used to fasten the moulding element (10) to the mould lining (2), care must be taken that neither the first fastening element (50) nor the moulding element (10) contacts or penetrates / destroys the front side (3), i.e. the inside, or the side that faces the concrete in practical use. Therefore, additionally for this embodiment of the invention, it is worthwhile to print one or more domes (hemispheres) on the rear side (4) of the mould lining (2) in order to avoid the front side (3) of the mould lining (2) being destroyed during the 3D printing operation, in particular by the use of the first fastening element (50).

[0025] In this embodiment, at least one mould element (10) is provided on the rear side (4) of the mould lining (2) by gluing, screwing, nailing and / or riveting and / or adhesive, screws, nails and / or rivets are used as the first fastening element (50). This arrangement is particularly preferably carried out by screwing and / or screws are used as the first fastening element (50).

[0026] For completeness' sake, in a preferred embodiment of the invention in which the mould lining (2) and the at least one mould element (10) are manufactured in a common 3D printing process, the characteristic feature that the mould element (10) does not contact or penetrate the front side (3) of the mould lining (2) is already automatically fulfilled, since the mould lining (2) and the at least one mould element (10) together form a formwork system according to the invention and cannot be separated from each other. The subsequent mounting of the mould element (10) to the rear side (4) of the mould lining (2) by means of the at least one first fastening element (50), which would result in the front side (3) of the mould lining (2) being contacted or penetrated, is therefore no longer necessary. In other words, this means that the corresponding mould element (10) is already printed on one side of the mould lining (2), which by definition is the rear side (4), i.e. the side facing away from the concrete during use.

[0027] In all embodiments of the present invention, the front side (3) of the mould lining (2) preferably remains completely free of any mould elements (10), first and second fastening elements (20 / 50) or other elements, such as functional elements (40). Furthermore, regardless of the particular embodiment, the front side (3) of the mould lining (2) is not contacted or penetrated by any other first and second fastening elements (20 / 50) or functional elements (40). For example, if the functional elements (40) and / or parts of the base part (30) are fastened to the rear side (4) of the mould lining (2) in some way via the first and second fastening elements (20 / 50), none of these elements contact or penetrate the front side (3) of the mould lining (2).

[0028] In the formwork system (1) according to the invention, the form lining (2) and the at least one form element (10) can have any desired geometric shape and / or size (dimensions). The exact size and / or shape / geometry is ultimately determined by the person skilled in the art based on the specific application, i.e. the specific structure of the molded concrete part to be produced. For this purpose, the person skilled in the art advantageously uses a corresponding computer control or computer program. The larger the form lining (2) and shape / perimeter in the formwork system (1) according to the invention, the person skilled in the art can envisage providing more form elements (10) behind the form lining (2) (4) in order to provide the formwork system (1) according to the invention as stably as possible on the corresponding base (30). In particular in the case of very small molded concrete parts, it is theoretically possible that a single form element (10) is already sufficient. In practice, however, a formwork system according to the invention may have a large amount of mould elements 10, for example 2, 5, 10, 50, 100 or more mould elements 10. The geometric shape and / or size of the individual mould elements 10 may be the same and / or different, preferably the mould elements 10 according to the invention are identical in size and / or geometry.

[0029] In the formwork system according to the invention, the form lining (2) usually has a thickness of 1 to 20 mm in practice, preferably 3 to 8 mm. However, these thickness values ​​may also be quite below or above these ranges. For example, in practical applications it may be expedient to make individual areas of the form lining thicker than other areas.

[0030] Mold linings as such, and / or mold elements as such (10), are known to those skilled in the art and can be made from any material amenable to 3D printing processes as known to those skilled in the art.

[0031] For the purposes of the present invention, mould elements (10) are in principle understood to mean elements which allow a force fit / form fit between the mould lining (2) and the base part (30) via suitable first and second fastening elements (20 / 50), where the mould elements (10) are preferably already produced in one piece with the mould lining (2) in the same 3D printing process. For the purposes of the present invention, suitable mould elements (10) can be, for example, openings, slots, notches, protrusions, reinforcing ribs or latching lugs.

[0032] In the present invention, the mold element (10) is i) having at least one opening (11), preferably in the form of a circular hole, slot or notch; and / or ii) having at least one latching lug (13); and / or iii) It is preferred that the housing has at least one reinforcing rib (12).

[0033] According to the invention, the formwork system (1) can be coupled (connected) to the foundation (30) or to a sub-area thereof. This is usually done by means of at least one second fastening element (20). The fastening or connection can be done by all methods known to a person skilled in the art.

[0034] Here, the formwork system (1) is preferably fixed to a sub-area of ​​a base (30) using at least one second fixing element (20), whereby preferably the base (30) is at least partly, more preferably completely made from wood, in particular the base (30) is a wooden lattice structure or a cleat structure.

[0035] In one embodiment of the invention, a formwork system (1) is used, in which at least one form element (10) has at least one opening (11), preferably a circular hole or slot, and at least one first secondary fastening element (20), preferably a wire (21), cable or steel strip, in particular a wire (21), is inserted or partially pulled through the opening (11) via its sub-area, and the first secondary fastening element (20) is fastened to the foundation (30) via the other sub-area using at least one second secondary fastening element (20), preferably a screw or nail.

[0036] Another embodiment of the present invention is a mold assembly comprising at least one mold element (10) having at least one opening (11), and the mold element (10) is fastened to a base (30) using at least one first and second fastening element (20), and i) the first secondary fastening element (20) is fastened to the base (30) optionally using at least one second secondary fastening element (20), preferably a screw (22) or a nail, and / or ii) A formwork system (1), wherein the first and second fastening elements (20) are preferably perforated strips (27), and the perforated strips (27) are fastened to the form element (10), optionally using bolts (26).

[0037] According to the invention, it is possible to fasten the sub-areas of the formwork system (1) according to the invention to the sub-areas of the foundation (30) singly or otherwise multiple times, for example using a double-sided connection. A double-sided connection is often preferred, since it allows a very stable, particularly form-fitting connection of the formwork system (1) with the corresponding sub-area of ​​the foundation (30). According to the invention, the formwork system (1) is therefore provided with at least one first mould element (10) and at least one second mould element (10) on the rear side (4) of the mould lining (2) in order to provide a double-sided connection with the sub-area of ​​the foundation (30), and preferably the arrangement of the first mould element (10) relative to the second mould element (10) is symmetrical, preferably mirror-inverted (with respect to the position of the foundation (30)).

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, the formwork system (1) according to the invention is characterized in that the first and second form elements (10) are each connected to a sub-area of ​​a single second fastening element (20), which sub-area is fastened to a base (30), and preferably i) the base part (30) has at least one opening and / or cutout through which the second fixing element (20) can be pulled or partially inserted, and / or ii) the second fastening element (20) is a strip, a cable or a perforated strip; and / or iii) The second fixing element (20) additionally comprises a tensioning mechanism (24), in particular an eccentric.

[0039] As mentioned above, the formwork system (1) according to the invention can also be connected via at least one mould element (10) to a functional element (40), where the functional element (40) can optionally be manufactured by a 3D printing method. It is understood, however, that the functional element (40) is preferably not manufactured by a 3D printing method, but rather is manufactured as a complement, a subset or a component thereof and / or is connected to the base part (30). Functional elements are known per se to those skilled in the art. These are in particular the device elements shown in the figures below.

[0040] A preferred formwork system (1) of the present invention comprises at least one mould element (10) connected to a functional element (40), preferably the mould element (10) having at least one opening (11), more preferably the opening (11) is in the form of a cut-out, in particular a dovetail, and / or the functional element (40) having a lower portion (42) and an upper portion (43) with at least one hole (41).

[0041] Further, preferably, i) at least one moulding element (10) and at least one functional element (40) are connected to each other in a form-fitting manner, preferably according to the key-lock principle, and / or ii) At least one functional element (40) is connected to a sub-area of ​​the base part (30), preferably by means of at least one second fastening element (20), in particular a screw or a nail.

[0042] In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one first mould element (10) and at least one second mould element (10) are provided on the rear side (4) of the mould lining (2), and i) each of the first mold element (10) and the second mold element (10) has at least one latching lug (13); ii) the first mould element (10) and the second mould element (10) are provided on the rear side (4) of the mould lining (2) in a mirror-image relationship to each other (with respect to the position of the base part (30)); and iii) the first mould element (10) and the second mould element (10) are reversibly pressable separately and together;

[0043] Here, for the formwork system (1), it is particularly preferred that the first mould element (10) and the second mould element (10) are fastened to a sub-area of ​​the base part (30) or of the functional element (40), preferably to the base part (30), thereby forming a reversible or removable snap connection, and that the base part (30) or the functional element (40) has at least one cut-out (31 / 44) into which at least one latching lug (13) of the first mould element (10) and / or the second mould element (10) can latch to form the snap connection.

[0044] A further object of the present invention is a method of using the above-mentioned formwork system (1) for concrete structures and / or for the production of structural elements made of concrete, in which the front side (3) of the form lining (2) is the side of the formwork system (1) facing the concrete. The formwork system (1) according to the invention is illustrated diagrammatically below with reference to the figures. The individual figures furthermore also show components and / or parts of the component parts of the formwork system (1) according to the invention and also show preferred embodiments and / or applications of the formwork system (1) according to the invention. Furthermore, formwork systems according to the prior art are also shown. The objects shown in the individual figures are generally not drawn to scale. This applies to the size and / or shape of the form lining (10), in particular the size, shape and / or number of the form elements (10). [Brief description of the drawings]

[0045] [Figure 1]Fig. 1 shows a formwork system (1) according to the invention, which comprises a mould element (10) having a specific geometric shape as an example. Exemplary variations of the specific structure of the mould element (10) are shown in Figs. 2 and 3. [Figure 4] Figure 4 shows the application of a formwork system (1) according to the invention. In contrast, figure 5 corresponds to the application of a formwork system according to the prior art. [Figure 6] Figure 6 shows a variant of the formwork system (1) according to the invention, a further variant of which is shown in Figure 7, which comprises a functional element (40) which is additionally present in this variant. [Figure 8] Figure 8 is an example of such a functional element (40) [figures 8a and b]. Furthermore, a related formwork system (1) according to the invention is shown diagrammatically in figure 8c. [Figure 9] Figure 9 shows a special embodiment of the mould element (10) itself in the form of a so-called dovetail. A specific construction variant of the mould element (10) is shown in Figure 10 [Figures 10a and b], which each includes a second fastening element (20) belonging to it. [Figure 11] Figure 11 also shows a special application of the formwork system (1) according to the invention, which uses perforated strips (27) as fastening elements (20). Figure 12 shows an alternative embodiment of the form elements (10) used in this embodiment. [Figure 13] Figure 13 shows a further embodiment of a formwork system (1) according to the invention, which forms a snap connection. The snap connection can be directly connected to the base (30), as shown in figure 14, or the snap connection can be connected to a functional element (40).

[0046] In Fig. 1, a formwork system (1) according to the invention is diagrammatically shown in a first embodiment. The form lining (2) can have any desired geometric shape. It should be understood that the rectangular form lining shown in Fig. 1 is merely exemplary. The same applies analogously to the size (dimensions) of the form lining (2). In the diagram according to Fig. 1, a form element (10), again having an opening (11) and provided on the rear side (4) of the form lining (2). In practice, more than one form element (10) can also be provided on the rear side (4) of the form lining (2). The specific number of such form elements (10) on the rear side (4) of the form lining (2) is usually determined by the specific application, i.e. by the size and / or geometry of the form element to be produced in particular from concrete. The front side (3) of the form lining (2) is also designated the outside concrete side, because this will be in contact with, for example, the mortar used in the specific application. The back side (4) is actually also referred to as the inside.

[0047] The openings (11) shown in the mould element (10) of Fig. 1 are formed in particular as (round) holes. The size and / or shape / geometry of the openings (11) can ultimately be selected in any desired manner. Usually, they are based on the specific practical application. The same applies analogously to the specific geometric shape and / or size of the mould element (10). Exemplary representative variants of the mould element (10) and / or openings (11) according to Fig. 1 are shown in Figs. 2 and 3. Thus, for example, in the mould element according to Fig. 2, the area of ​​the mould element (10) forming the openings (11) is lengthened compared to the corresponding openings in the mould element according to Fig. 1. Furthermore, reinforcing ribs (12) are provided in the area of ​​the openings (11) of the mould element according to Fig. 2. The number and / or the specific geometry of such reinforcing ribs are in practice arbitrary. They mainly serve in practice to increase the load capacity in the specific application of the formwork system (1) according to the invention.

[0048] A variant of the geometry of the openings (11) is shown in Fig. 3 with slot-shaped openings. It is also possible for the mould element (10) to have more than one opening (11), in particular hole-shaped openings, i.e. round holes. Such additional holes are used to compensate for tolerances.

[0049] In the formwork system (1) according to the invention, which is shown diagrammatically and by way of example in Figures 1 to 3, both the form lining (2) and the form element (10) are produced in a 3D printing process. Here, the form lining (2) and the at least one form element (10) can be produced within the framework of a single / common 3D process or else can be produced separately from one another, in which case following the 3D printing process of the form lining (2), the at least one form element (10) is attached to the rear side (4) of the form lining (2). Preferably, within the scope of the present invention, the formwork system (1) including the form lining (2) and the form element (10) is produced in a common 3D printing process. It is also possible that two or more form elements (10) of different geometric shapes and / or sizes are provided on the rear side (4) of the form lining (2). In the case of two or more mold elements (10), it is also possible that a partial quantity (subset) of each mold element (10) is manufactured together with the mold lining (2) within a common 3D printing process, while other partial quantities of the mold element (10) are provided on the rear side (4) of the mold lining (2) only following the 3D printing process of the mold lining.

[0050] Figure 4 shows diagrammatically a possible practical application of the formwork system according to the invention. Section A of Figure 4 shows how the formwork system according to the invention (1) is connected to a base (30) on the rear side (4) of the formwork lining (2). The base (30) can be manufactured, for example, from wood. In Figure 4, the base (30) is shown only diagrammatically as a single part (sub-area). In reality, the corresponding base usually comprises several elements that can be connected in a desired geometric arrangement. Although shown alone in Figure 4 as an example (for a sub-area), this means in reality that the formwork system according to the invention (1) can also be connected in a similar way to the corresponding component of the base (30) in more than one place.

[0051] In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, one mould element (10) is used on the rear side (4) of the mould lining (2), as illustrated in FIG. 1. A first fastening element in the form of a wire (21) is guided through the round / hole-shaped opening (11). Instead of a wire, a similar fastening element, for example a cable or a steel strip, can alternatively be used. This fastening element (21) is fastened in pairs to the base part (30) by a second fastening element, in this case a screw (22). In FIG. 4B, this detail of FIG. 4A is shown marked with an asterisk and rotated diagrammatically by 90°. As can be clearly seen from FIG. 4B, the first fastening element, in particular the wire (21), can be shaped so that it is inserted in its lower region from two sides into the opening (11) of the mould element (10). At its upper end, the first fastening element, in particular the wire (21), is configured, for example, in the form of a screw hole (23), so that it can be stably fastened to the base part (30) by means of a second fastening element, in particular the screw (22). Instead of the screw (22), other suitable fastening elements, for example nails, can also be used.

[0052] The one-sided fixing, in particular one-sided screw fastening, variant shown in Fig. 4 can be modified in a simple manner by two-sided fixing, in particular two-sided screw fastening, of the formwork system (2) according to the invention with a corresponding area of ​​the base (30), in which a second forming element (20) is provided symmetrically, preferably mirror-inverted, to the first forming element (10) (based on the sub-area of ​​the base (30) shown in Fig. 4). In this variant, the second fixing is therefore provided on the side of the sub-area of ​​the base (30) facing away from the first fixing side.

[0053] FIG. 5 shows a similar application of a formwork system according to the prior art. The corresponding formwork system is located on the corresponding sub-area of ​​the foundation on its rear side (i.e. on the inside or away from the concrete) or in contact with the latter. In the prior art, the form lining was usually fixed by providing a fastening element, in particular a screw (22). Here, the corresponding fastening element is first arranged on the front side (3), i.e. on the outside or concrete side of the form lining (2), in such a way that a corresponding "force movement", for example using a screw, is applied such that the corresponding fastening element (22) penetrates / pierces the form lining (2) over its entire thickness and is further introduced into the sub-area of ​​the foundation (30) adjacent to the form lining. In a particular embodiment of the prior art according to FIG. 5, this is done by firmly screwing the form lining (2) to the foundation (30) using (by) at least one screw (22). A particular disadvantage of this fastening method according to the prior art is that the corresponding fastening elements penetrate completely through the respective mould lining (2) over its entire thickness, with the result that the heads of the screws (22) remain visible from the front side (3) of the corresponding mould lining (2). This therefore has the consequence that part of the fastening elements (22), in particular the screw heads, remain visible in the so-called concrete pattern in certain applications.

[0054] Figures 6 and 7 each show a variant (compared to Figure 4) in the corresponding application of the mould system (1) according to the invention. The embodiment according to Figure 6 describes a bilateral connection of the mould system (1) according to the invention with (sub-areas of) the base part (30), which is particularly advantageous in terms of symmetrical force dissipation. In this embodiment, it is essential that at least two mould elements (10) are provided on the rear side (4) of the mould lining (2). The two mould elements (10) are preferably arranged symmetrically, preferably mirror-inverted, with respect to (sub-areas of) the base part (30) on the rear side (4) of the mould lining (2). As mentioned above, the base part (30) can be made of any desired material, in particular wood, and / or it can itself be assembled from several pieces, so that the base part (30) can be in contact with the mould lining (2) at two or more points, an arrangement which is conceptually shown in FIG. 6 with a single sub-area of ​​the base part (30). If the base part (30) is in contact with the mould lining (2) at its rear side (4) at two or more points, each sub-area of ​​the base part (30) can likewise be connected with (at least) two mould elements (10) provided on the rear side (4) of the mould lining (2). The general rule of thumb for this embodiment is that for each contact area of ​​the base part (30) with the rear side (4) of the mould lining (2), twice as many mould elements (10) are provided.

[0055] The mould elements (10) in this embodiment can be identical or different, preferably identical mould elements (10) are used for each set of mould elements. The mould elements (10) used in the embodiment according to Fig. 6 correspond for example to the mould elements illustrated in Fig. 1, i.e. the mould elements (10) having openings (11), in particular holes, for guiding a first fastening element, for example a cable, wire or steel strip. However, it is also possible to use mould elements (10) that do not have openings (11), because this is because it is possible to fasten the strip to the mould elements (10) via other fastening elements, for example screws.

[0056] In the embodiment according to FIG. 6, a strip (25) is used as the first fastening element by way of example, which can also be formed, for example, in the form of a perforated strip. The first fastening element, in particular the strip (25), preferably also has a tensioning mechanism (24) which allows tensioning using an eccentric. If the two mould elements (10) do not have separate openings (11), the first fastening element can also be fastened to the respective mould element (10) by means of a (respective) second fastening element, for example by means of a nail or a screw. Fastening to the base part (30) can be carried out by any method known to a person skilled in the art. Thus, for example, as shown in FIG. 6, the base part (30) can have a suitable opening through which the first fastening element is pulled in order to allow a double-sided connection. Alternatively, the base part (30) can have suitable cutouts / geometric shapes on its side surfaces into which corresponding first fastening elements, in particular strips, can be inserted in a form-fitting manner.

[0057] In a variant of the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 7, the formwork system (1) according to the invention is connected to the base (30), which can in particular be made of wood, using at least one functional element (40). The functional element (40) is preferably fixed on one side (of a sub-area) of the base (30) using at least one first fastening element, for example at least one screw (22). A specific structure of the functional element (40) is shown by way of example in FIGS. 8a and 8b (see also the following description). The dashed line of the border of the mould lining in the embodiment according to FIG. 7 indicates that the formwork system (1) according to the invention and the mould element (10) provided on the rear side (4) of the mould lining (2) are preferably produced in a common 3D printing method. As can be seen from this embodiment, it is not absolutely necessary for the mould element (10) itself to have an opening (11), in particular in the form of a hole. For example, it is possible for the functional element (40) to be in contact with the mould element (10) and to be fixed to the mould element 10 with the aid of a further fixing element, for example at least one screw (22).

[0058] Preferably, the connection of the functional element (40) with the mould element (10) in the embodiment described according to Fig. 7 (of the invention below) is made in a manner as shown in Fig. 8c, where the mould element (10) has a corresponding opening (11), in particular in the form of a cutout, which has a counter part geometrically to a corresponding lower part (42) (in the sense of the key-lock principle or key-lock mechanism), this configuration being shown in the embodiment of the functional element (40) according to Figs. 8A and 8B. The mould element (10) and the functional element (40) therefore together form a form fit, which for the sake of completeness is present in this embodiment according to Fig. 7 but is not shown. With regard to the particular structure of this form fit, reference is made to the description according to Figs. 8A and 8B.

[0059] In the embodiment according to Fig. 7, a preferred one-sided connection between the foundation (30) and the formwork system (1) is shown using a functional element (40). Alternatively, a two-sided connection can also be made for this purpose, so that, analogous to the embodiment according to Fig. 6, a second mould element (10), which is in turn connected to the foundation (30) via a corresponding functional element (40), is provided symmetrically, preferably mirror-inverted, with respect to the corresponding sub-area of ​​the foundation (30) on the rear side (4) of the mould lining (2). As an alternative, it is further possible for the functional element (40) to be provided obliquely on the foundation (30), so that bracing during the screwing operation is possible.

[0060] As mentioned above, Figures 8A and 8B show a preferred embodiment of a functional element (40), which can be used in the embodiment according to Figure 7. Figure 8A shows a schematic diagram of the functional element (40) in a front view, and Figure 8B shows the corresponding perspective view of the functional element (40). The specific geometric shape and / or size of the functional element (40) can ultimately be chosen at will in practice and are usually based on the specific practical application. The functional element (40) illustrated in Figure 8 has a lower part (42) and an upper part (43). The lower part (42) is preferably geometrically configured such that it can be introduced in a form-fitting manner into a corresponding opening (11) of the mould element (10). This configuration is illustrated in Figure 8c. The specific form-fitting geometric configuration of the functional element (40) or of the corresponding sub-area of ​​the lower part (42) can be made in any desired manner. Thus, only a portion of the lower portion (42) may be introduced into the corresponding opening (11) of the mold element (10) in a form-fitting manner and / or further geometric shapes may be present on the lower portion (42), which may allow for better and / or additional interlocking with the mold element (10) (see also the upper portion in FIG. 9).

[0061] In order to fasten the corresponding functional element (40) to the base part (30), for example using suitable fastening elements, in particular screws, the functional element (40) can preferably have one or more openings, in particular holes (41). Such openings, in particular holes (41), are preferably present in the upper part (43) of the corresponding functional element (40). These openings, in particular holes (41), are preferably arranged symmetrically with respect to one another. The functional element (40) can optionally be manufactured by a 3D printing method.

[0062] FIG. 9 shows a special embodiment of the mould element (10), for example a so-called "dovetail" version. In other words, this means that the mould element (10) has an opening (11) with a cutout in the form of a dovetail. Through this opening (11) of the mould element (10), a form-fitting connection is thus made, in particular with a functional part (40), as shown, for example, in FIG. 8. FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the upper part of the front view according to FIG. 8C in principle. In the upper part of FIG. 9, two alternative constructions are shown diagrammatically in the middle and on the right, with regard to the possible form-fitting, in comparison with the dovetail construction (FIG. 9, upper left). For the sake of completeness, FIG. 9 does not show the mould lining (2) of the formwork system (1) according to the invention, but only the mould element (10) provided on the rear side (4) of the mould lining (2) according to the invention. The mould element (10) specifically shown in Fig. 9, with all its geometrical modifications, can be produced by a 3D printing method and provided on its rear side (4) of a mould lining (2) also produced using a 3D printing method. Preferably, within the scope of the present invention, the mould lining (2) and at least one mould element (10) comprised in the formwork system (1) according to the invention are produced by a common 3D printing method (not shown in Fig. 9).

[0063] A specific geometrical variant of the mould element (10) according to Fig. 9 is shown in Figs. 10A and 10B. The mould element (10) according to Fig. 10A has an opening (11), which is preferably configured in the shape of a hole. A (part of) a fastening element (in particular a wire (21)) can be inserted through this opening (11), as illustrated in Fig. 4, in order to connect the mould element (10) to, for example, a (part of) base part (30). An alternative geometrical arrangement of the mould element (10) is shown in Fig. 8B, which has two openings (11), preferably in a symmetrical arrangement, through which a fastening element can also be guided. As shown on the right side of Fig. 10B, a wire is particularly suitable as fastening element, which can be guided with both ends into one of the two openings (11) of the mould element (10) respectively (direction I) or can also be guided out, as shown in the right part of Fig. 10B (direction II).

[0064] As an alternative to the configuration using a fixing element, as illustrated in Figures 10A and 10B using a wire (21), in the embodiment according to Figure 10 it is also possible for the corresponding mould element to be fixed to (a sub-region of) the base part (30) using a functional element (40), analogous to the embodiment shown in Figures 7 and 8. The functional element (40) is in this case arranged on its underside such that it fits in a form-fitting manner in the form-fitting sense (key-lock principle) into the corresponding opening (11) of the respective mould element (10) according to Figures 10A and 10B.

[0065] A further embodiment of the formwork system (1) according to the invention, using a perforated strip (27) as the second fastening element (20), is shown in Fig. 11. Fig. 11 shows a preferred bilateral connection of the formwork system (1) according to the invention, which comprises a form lining (2), at least two form elements (10) provided on the rear side (4) of the form lining (2), in order to better explain the fastening principle of the perforated strip (27), which is shown rotated by an angle of 90° in the diagram according to Fig. 11. The two form elements (10) are preferably arranged symmetrically with respect to the base (30), in particular in a mirror-inverted manner. The first fastening element of this embodiment is preferably a perforated strip (27), which is then fastened to the mould element (10) using a second fastening element, in particular a bolt (26), which is preferably guided through one or more openings (11) of the mould element (10) and through the perforated strip (27). In the right part of the view according to Fig. 11, a force F first shows the perforated strip being pulled, in order that it can be fastened to the base (30), preferably in tension, with the aid of further fastening elements, in particular screws (22). On the left side of Fig. 11, this embodiment is shown in a tight / fastened form, i.e. the formwork system (1) according to the invention is fixedly connected to the corresponding base (30) using the perforated strip (27) as the first fastening element and the bolts (26) and screws (22) of the additional fastening elements. In contrast, the right-hand part of this embodiment according to Fig. 11 shows the second part of the bilateral connection in an unfixed state. It is of course also possible to carry out this embodiment only in the form of one-sided fixation. In this variant, the right-hand part of Fig. 11, which is currently unfixed, can simply be omitted.

[0066] A variant of the fastening shown in FIG. 11 with the aid of a perforated strip is shown in FIG. 12. In this embodiment, the mould element (10) has a slot as opening (11) through which the perforated strip (27) is passed. Here, the perforated strip (27) is applied in such a way that the respective ends are interconnected with the aid of suitable fastening elements, in particular screws (22). In this way, the perforated strip is doubled, which has the effect of reinforcing the fastening. The corresponding fastening elements of the perforated strip, in particular the screws (22), can additionally be used to simultaneously fasten the perforated strip (27) to the base part (30). Alternatively, it is also possible to fasten the perforated strip (27) to the base part (30) using separate fastening elements, in particular further screws (22).

[0067] A preferred embodiment of the formwork system (1) according to the invention is shown in FIG. 13. Relevant here are so-called "snap connections", in particular releasable snap connections. In FIG. 13, the formwork system (1) according to the invention has two form elements (10), which preferably have the same shape and size. Furthermore, the two form elements (10) are arranged symmetrically, in particular in mirror-inverted manner, with respect to the (in particular) base (30) on the rear side (4) of the form lining (2). The two form elements (10) are movable (at least to a certain extent), since they can be reversibly pressed apart by a suitable object, preferably by (40) or the base (30), in particular by the base (30). This configuration is shown by the direction of movement I in FIG. 13. The formwork system (1) according to the invention is preferably fixed directly to (a sub-area of) the foundation (30), optionally using the same mechanism as on the functional element (40), which is then itself fixed to the corresponding foundation (30), as illustrated in Fig. 7. Preferably, within the scope of the invention, the fixing of the formwork system (1) according to the invention is made directly on (a sub-area of) the foundation (30). It is of course also possible for the formwork system (1) according to the invention to be fixed analogously to the foundation (30) at two or more points, i.e. in different sub-areas.

[0068] According to the invention, the formwork system (1) according to the invention can be pressed against the base part (30) or, optionally, against the functional element (40). Alternatively, however, it is also possible, as shown in Fig. 13, to press the base part (30) against the formwork system (1) according to the invention. According to the invention, preferably, the lighter and / or more mobile part is pressed against the heavier and / or less mobile part, where in practice the base part (30) is often less mobile and / or heavier compared to the formwork system (1) according to the invention. Alternatively, it is also possible for both elements to press against each other simultaneously.

[0069] As can be seen from Fig. 13, in this embodiment the base part (30) has a notch (31) at a height H, at which the mould element (10) latches in a snap-fit ​​manner. The corresponding points of the mould element (10) which can be latched into the notch (31) of the base part (30) are also called latching lugs (13) or lugs or projections. For clarity, the mode is shown in Fig. 13, where the operation of the snap mechanism is indicated in the lower part by an asterisk and a direction of action I, and in the upper part by an asterisk and a direction of action II. For example, at the points of the asterisks in the upper part of Fig. 13, the two latching lugs (13) of the respective mould element (10) are accessible.

[0070] Due to the relative mobility of the two mould elements (10), the snap connection can be opened again by exerting a corresponding force, i.e. the base part (30) can be pulled out of the formwork system (1) according to the invention and vice versa, which allows the re-use of each element. If in this embodiment the formwork system (1) according to the invention is intended to be connected with a functional element (40) and not with a base part (30), the system functions similarly. In this embodiment the functional element (40) likewise has a notch (44) at the corresponding location, which allows the snap connection to the latch in a similar manner.

[0071] A modified / special embodiment of the snap connection according to FIG. 13 is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 14. The cutout included in the base part (30) is shown as a milled slot (32) in FIG. 14. It can be a single milled slot (32); there can also be two or more such slots, linear or in other geometrical arrangements in the base part (30). The number and / or arrangement of the milled slots (32) is selected to match the corresponding geometrical shape of the mould element (10). In the lower part of FIG. 14, the mould element (10) is shown diagrammatically. By means of its latching lugs (13), the mould element (10) can be latched (hung), in particular reversibly, into the milled slot (32). The central lower part of Figure 14 shows the manner in which the mould element is arranged relative to the base part (30) in order to enable a particularly reversible snap connection between the formwork system (1) according to the invention via its mould element (10) and the base part (30) via its cut slots (32).

[0072] In FIG. 14, there are four different cut slots included in the base portion (30) as examples.

[0073] This means that the respective counterpart in the mould element (10) is present at the corresponding location and takes into account the corresponding geometry on the formwork system (1) according to the invention in order to enable a snap connection. Here, in this scenario, four different mould elements (10) can be provided at the rear side (4) of the formwork system (2), which are spaced apart from one another and latch into corresponding positions of the cut slots (32). Alternatively, it is also possible that this is a single mould element (10) with four different latching lugs (13) which can latch into the respective cut slots (32) at corresponding locations. In this way, a particularly stable connection is formed. Alternatively, it is of course also possible that the corresponding counterpart, with the mould element (10) having the latching lugs (13), latches via a snap connection into only one of the four slots (32) cut out diagrammatically in FIG. 14, while no fixing takes place in the other cut slots (32). This is the case, for example, when the corresponding base parts (30) are manufactured in large numbers and the exact positioning of the connection with the mould element (10) is made as variable as possible.

[0074] In the embodiment according to Fig. 13 and especially Fig. 14, it is also possible from a technical point of view that only a one-sided snap connection is performed. In fact, this embodiment is preferably performed with a two-sided connection as shown in Fig. 13, because in this way the base (30) or optionally the functional element (40) can be connected in a more stable manner (compared to a pure one-sided snap connection) to the formwork system (1) according to the invention. However, a one-sided connection becomes important when different types of fastening are combined. For example, a single latch-in connection is possible, among other things, to ensure the correct positioning of the form lining (2) on the base (30). An element capable of forming a higher force (e.g. a perforated strip) is then used to ensure an actual, substantially more rigid and stable positioning. [Explanation of symbols]

[0075] 1 Formwork system Type 2 Lining 3. Front side (of mold lining) 4. Rear side (of mold lining) 10 Type elements 11 Opening 12 Reinforcing rib 13 Latching lug 20 Secondary fixing element (e.g. for attachment to mould element and base) 21 Wire 22 Screws 23 Screw holes 24 Tension mechanism 25 Strip 26 Volts 27 Perforated Strip 30 Foundation 31 Cutout 32 (machined) slots 40 Functional Elements 41 holes 42 Lower part 43 Upper part 44 Cutout 50 first fastening element (e.g. for attaching a mould element to a mould lining)

Claims

1. - a mould lining (2) having a front side (3) and a rear side (4), at least one mould element (10) provided on the rear side (4) of the mould lining (2), Including, i) the mould lining (2) and the mould element (10) are produced by a 3D printing method, ii) the mould element (10) is provided on the rear side (4) of the mould lining (2) by optionally using at least one first fastening element (50), and iii) the mould element (10) and optionally the first fastening element (50) are provided on the rear side (4) of the mould lining (2) in such a way that the mould element (10) and the optionally used first fastening element (50) do not contact or penetrate the front side (3) of the mould lining (2), A formwork system (1) for manufacturing a structural element made of concrete, characterized in that the formwork system (1) is fastened to at least one sub-area of ​​a base part (30) by using at least one second fastening element (20), and the base part (30) is manufactured entirely from wood.

2. 2. The formwork system (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the mould lining (2) and the at least one mould element (10) are manufactured in a common 3D printing process.

3. 2. The formwork system (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the mould lining (2) and the at least one mould element (10) are manufactured in separate 3D printing steps, and the mould element (10) is then provided on the rear side (4) of the mould lining (2) using at least one first fastening element (50).

4. 4. The formwork system (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that at least one form element (10) is provided on the rear side (4) of the form lining (2) by adhesive bonding, screwing, nailing and / or riveting and / or adhesives, screws, nails and / or rivets are used as first fastening elements (50).

5. The at least one mold element (10) comprises: i) having at least one opening (11), preferably in the form of a circular hole, slot or notch; and / or ii) having at least one latching lug (13); and / or iii) at least one reinforcing rib (12); The formwork system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises

6. Formwork system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the foundation (30) is a wooden lattice structure or a cleat structure.

7. 2. The formwork system (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one mould element (10) has at least one opening (11), preferably a circular hole or slot, and at least one first secondary fastening element (20), preferably a wire (21), cable or steel strip, in particular a wire (21), is inserted or partially pulled into the opening (11) via one of its sub-areas, and the first secondary fastening element (20) is fastened to the foundation (30) via the other sub-area using at least one second secondary fastening element (20), preferably a screw or nail.

8. At least one mould element (10) has at least one opening (11), and the mould element (10) is fastened to the base (30) using at least one first and second fastening element (20), and i) the first secondary fastening element (20) is fastened to the base (30) optionally using at least one second secondary fastening element (20), preferably a screw (22) or a nail; and / or ii) the first and second fastening elements (20) are preferably perforated strips (27) and the perforated strips (27) are fastened to the mould element (10) optionally using bolts (26); Formwork system (1) according to claim 1 .

9. 2. The formwork system (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one first mould element (10) and at least one second mould element (10) are provided on the rear side (4) of the mould lining (2) in order to provide a bilateral connection with a sub-area of ​​the base part (30), and preferably the arrangement of the first mould element (10) relative to the second mould element (10) is symmetrical, preferably mirror-inverted (with respect to the position of the base part (30)).

10. the first and second mould elements (10) are each connected to a sub-region of a single second fastening element (20), and a further sub-region of this second fastening element (20) is fastened to a base part (30); and Preferably, i) the base part (30) has at least one opening and / or cutout through which the second fixation element (20) can be pulled or partially inserted, and / or ii) the second fastening element (20) is a strip, a cable or a perforated strip; and / or iii) the second fixing element (20) additionally comprises a tensioning mechanism (24), in particular an eccentric; Formwork system (1) according to claim 9.

11. 2. Formwork system (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one mould element (10) is connected to a functional element (40), preferably the mould element (10) having at least one opening (11), more preferably the opening (11) is in the form of a cut-out, in particular in the form of a dovetail, and / or the functional element (40) has a lower part (42) and an upper part (43) with at least one hole (41).

12. i) at least one moulding element (10) and at least one functional element (40) are connected to each other in a form-fitting manner, preferably according to the key-lock principle; and / or ii) at least one functional element (40) is connected to a sub-area of ​​the base part (30), preferably by means of at least one second fastening element (20), in particular a screw or a nail; Formwork system (1) according to claim 11.

13. At least one first mold element (10) and at least one second mold element (10) are provided on the rear side (4) of the mold lining (2); and i) each of the first and second mold elements (10) has at least one latching lug (13); ii) the first mould element (10) and the second mould element (10) are arranged on the rear side (4) of the mould lining (2) in a mirror-image relationship to each other (with respect to the position of the base part (30)); and iii) the first mold element (10) and the second mold element (10) are reversibly pressable apart and together; Formwork system (1) according to claim 1 .

14. 14. The formwork system (1) according to claim 13, characterized in that the first mould element (10) and the second mould element (10) are fastened to a sub-area of ​​the base part (30) or of the functional element (40), preferably to the base part (30), thereby forming a reversible or removable snap connection, and in that the base part (30) or the functional element (40) has at least one cut-out (31 / 44) into which at least one latching lug (13) of the first mould element (10) and / or the second mould element (10) can latch to form the snap connection.

15. 15. Use of a formwork system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 14 for concrete structures and / or for the production of structural elements made of concrete, characterized in that the front side (3) of the form lining (2) is the side of the formwork system (1) facing the concrete.

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