Laminate and coated structure

Abstract

To provide a laminate excellent in workability, heat-resistant protectivity or the like and a coated structure.SOLUTION: A laminate of the present invention has a laminated structure at least including a heat-absorbing layer and a decorative layer, the decorative layer extending in at least one direction beyond an edge of the heat-absorbing layer. A coated structure of the present invention has a substrate surrounded by a plurality of laminates of the present invention.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to novel laminates and coated structures. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, with the diversification of room design, many buildings have been constructed in which the pillars, beams, etc. that constitute the structure are exposed and decorated. For example, Patent Document 1 describes a decorative pillar in which the outer peripheral surface of the core material that serves as the pillar is decorated with a decorative plate. On the other hand, in building structures, it is required that main structures such as pillars and beams be made heat-resistant in order to protect the building from fire. However, the above-mentioned Patent Document 1 may have poor heat resistance protection.

[0003] In response to this, various proposals have been made for covering structures that have both design and heat-resistant protection. For example, Patent Document 2 describes a covering structure in which a fire-resistant covering material is bonded to the surface of a core material that serves as a pillar via an adhesive, and then a finishing layer is formed. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] JP 2006-16839 A [Patent Document 2] JP 2013-068024 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] However, in the above-mentioned Patent Document 2, since each layer needs to be applied in order, the process for obtaining a coated structure is complicated, and there is room for improvement. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems, and has an object to provide a laminate and a covered structure which are excellent in design, workability, heat resistance and protection properties, etc.

[0007] As a result of intensive research to solve the above-mentioned problems, the inventor came up with the idea of ​​a laminate of a specific shape in which at least a heat absorbing layer and a decorative layer are laminated, and a covering structure having said laminate, and thus completed the present invention.

[0008] That is, the present invention has the following features. 1. A laminate having a decorative layer, The laminate includes at least a heat absorbing layer and a decorative layer, Furthermore, a heat reflecting layer is laminated and provided on the back side of the heat absorbing layer, The decorative layer extends beyond an end of the heat absorbing layer in at least one direction. A laminate comprising: 2. A laminate having a decorative layer, The laminate includes at least a heat absorbing layer and a decorative layer, Furthermore, a thermal foaming layer and a thermal reflection layer are laminated, The thermal foaming layer is provided on the back side of the heat absorbing layer or between the heat absorbing layer and the decorative layer, The heat reflecting layer is provided on the back side of the heat absorbing layer, between the heat absorbing layer and the thermal foaming layer, or on the front side of the thermal foaming layer, The decorative layer extends beyond an end of the heat absorbing layer in at least one direction. A laminate comprising: 3. The laminate according to claim 2, wherein the thermally foamable layer extends in at least one direction beyond the end of the heat-absorbing layer. 4. The laminate according to 1., wherein the decorative layer is formed from a composition containing a resin component and decorative powder or granules. 5. The laminate according to 2., wherein the decorative layer is formed from a composition containing a resin component and decorative powder or granules. 6. A coating structure in which a substrate is surrounded by a plurality of laminates, The laminate includes: 1. Any of the above. A covering structure comprising the laminate described above. Effect of the Invention

[0009] According to the present invention, a coated structure excellent in workability, heat resistance and protection properties can be obtained. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a laminate of the present invention. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the laminate shown in FIG. [Diagram 3] 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a covering structure of the present invention. [Figure 4] 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a covering structure of the present invention. [Diagram 5] 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a covering structure of the present invention. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a laminate of the present invention. [Figure 7] 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a covering structure of the present invention. [Figure 8] 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a covering structure of the present invention. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a laminate of the present invention. [Figure 10] 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a covering structure of the present invention. [Figure 11] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a laminate of the present invention. [Figure 12] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a laminate of the present invention. [Figure 13] 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a covering structure of the present invention. [Figure 14] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a laminate of the present invention. [Figure 15] 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a covering structure of the present invention. [Figure 16] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a laminate of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0011] 1,101-132: Laminate 2,21: Endothermic layer 3: Decorative layer 4,5:Adhesive layer 6: Thermal foam layer 7: Heat reflective layer 8: Base material 2L, 2R, 21L, 21R: End of endothermic layer DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0012] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described.

[0013] The laminate of the present invention is characterized in that at least a heat absorbing layer and a decorative layer are laminated, and the decorative layer extends beyond the end of the heat absorbing layer in at least one direction. In the present invention, such a specific laminate is used to surround the periphery of the substrate, so that a covering structure can be efficiently obtained, and the laminate has excellent workability. The decorative layer constituting the laminate has excellent design, and the combined action with the heat absorbing layer can provide excellent heat-resistant protection.

[0014] [Laminate] The laminate of the present invention is a laminate including at least a heat absorbing layer and a decorative layer. The laminate of the present invention may have one of each of these layers, or may have a plurality of layers of any of these layers.

[0015] In the present invention, the heat absorption layer can be one that exhibits heat absorption when the temperature rises. The heat absorption layer is preferably a layer having bound water and / or free water, and such a heat absorption layer can absorb heat by dehydrating (evaporating, etc.) the bound water and / or free water when the temperature rises. Here, the bound water is water that is bound to the components that constitute the heat absorption layer, and examples of such water include hydration water, crystal water, and adsorbed water. On the other hand, the free water is water other than the bound water that is contained in the heat absorption layer without being bound to the components that constitute the heat absorption layer.

[0016] Examples of materials constituting the heat absorbing layer include hardened materials made from cement, gypsum, etc. (e.g., mortar, concrete, gypsum board, etc.), hardened materials made from calcium silicate, etc. (e.g., calcium silicate board, etc.), and boards, sheets, hardened materials containing water-absorbent polymers, hydrogels, etc. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0017] In the present invention, an example of a suitable material constituting the heat absorbing layer is, for example, gypsum board. Since gypsum board is usually mainly composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, it contains a lot of bound water and exhibits heat absorbing action within a temperature range of 100 to 200 ° C. Therefore, when the temperature rises due to fire, heat, etc., it can exhibit a stable heat absorbing action. As the gypsum board, in addition to general gypsum board, non-combustible laminated gypsum board (gypsum board using non-combustible base paper as a cover), reinforced gypsum board (gypsum board with gypsum mixed with inorganic fibers such as glass fiber as a core material), glass fiber non-woven fabric gypsum board (gypsum board with gypsum mixed with glass fiber as a core material and glass fiber non-woven fabric inserted on the front and back sides) and the like can be used.

[0018] The thickness of the heat-absorbing layer is preferably 1 to 30 mm, more preferably 3 to 28 mm, and further preferably 5 to 25 mm, from the viewpoints of heat insulation, heat-resistant protection, strength, light weight, etc. In the present invention, "a to b" is synonymous with "a or more and b or less".

[0019] In the present invention, the decorative layer is not particularly limited as long as it can impart design (beauty), but is preferably formed from a composition containing a resin component and a decorative powder (hereinafter also referred to as "composition for decorative layer"). Specifically, it is preferable to use a composition for decorative layer previously molded into a sheet (hereinafter also referred to as "decorative sheet").

[0020] The resin component mainly plays a role in fixing the design powder particles. As such a resin component, various synthetic resins can be used. Examples of the types of resin include acrylic resin, silicone resin, acrylic silicone resin, fluororesin, vinyl acetate resin, acrylic-vinyl acetate resin, vinyl chloride resin, urethane resin, acrylic urethane resin, epoxy resin, alkyd resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin, polyester resin, ethylene resin, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose and its derivatives, and composites thereof. Such synthetic resins may have the property of causing a crosslinking reaction.

[0021] The glass transition temperature of the resin component is preferably −60° C. to 60° C., more preferably −40° C. to 30° C., and further preferably −30° C. to 20° C. Within such a range, it is possible to impart appropriate flexibility. The glass transition temperature is a value calculated by the Fox formula.

[0022] The decorative powders and granules serve to impart color, patterns, etc. to the decorative layer (decorative sheet). As such decorative powders and granules, for example, known materials such as color pigments, extender pigments, and aggregates can be used, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.

[0023] The decorative layer of the present invention preferably contains granular inorganic particles as the decorative powder. As a result, the granular inorganic particles are fixed by the resin component, and a decorative layer is obtained that exhibits a color tone based on the granular inorganic particles and a design due to the connection (aggregation) of the granular inorganic particles. That is, the color tone of the decorative layer is based on the color tone of the granular inorganic particles. The decorative layer may also have a plurality of colored regions having different colors. In this case, the decorative layer can be formed by curing a plurality of decorative layer compositions having different colors. Such a decorative layer can not only enhance the design by the granular inorganic particles, but also enhance the heat-resistant protection. The mechanism of action is not limited, but the heat reflectivity, heat resistance, etc. of the granular inorganic particles can suppress a sudden rise in the temperature of the laminate under high temperatures such as during a fire, and can exhibit sufficient heat-resistant protection due to the synergistic effect with the heat absorbing action of the heat absorbing layer.

[0024] As the granular inorganic particles, either natural or artificial products can be used as long as the base material is inorganic. As the granular inorganic particles, an embodiment containing at least granular colored inorganic particles is preferable. As such granular colored inorganic particles, particularly opaque ones with a light transmittance of less than 3% are preferable, and those with a light transmittance of 2% or less are more preferable. Specific examples of such granular colored inorganic particles include marble, granite, serpentine, granite, sandstone, slate, basalt, gabbro, diorite, andesite, limestone, and crushed products thereof, crushed ceramics, crushed ceramics, metal particles, etc. In addition, fluorite, galesite, feldspar, silica, silica sand, and crushed products thereof, crushed glass, glass beads, etc., colored to satisfy the above conditions, can also be used.

[0025] The light transmittance is the total light transmittance measured by a turbidimeter. In this measurement, a sample of granular inorganic particles is filled into a transparent glass cell with an inner thickness of 5 mm, and then water is gradually added, and the cell is vibrated to remove air bubbles.

[0026] In addition to the above-mentioned granular colored inorganic particles, granular transparent inorganic particles may also be included. The use of such granular transparent inorganic particles is preferable in terms of improving aesthetics. The granular transparent inorganic particles are preferably those having a light transmittance of 3% or more (more preferably 3 to 50%, and even more preferably 10 to 30%). Examples of the granular transparent inorganic particles include silica, sappanite, feldspar, quartz stone, etc., and crushed products thereof, crushed glass, glass beads, etc., and either colorless or colored types can be used as long as they satisfy the above-mentioned light transmittance.

[0027] The particle size of the granular inorganic particles is preferably 0.01 mm to 5 mm, more preferably 0.02 mm to 2 mm, and even more preferably 0.03 to 0.8 mm. The range of design possibilities can be expanded by combining various granular inorganic particles with different particle sizes. The particle size of the granular inorganic particles is measured by sieving using a metal mesh sieve as specified in JIS Z8801-1:2000.

[0028] The mixing ratio of the resin component and the decorative powder particles is preferably 2 to 50 parts by weight of the resin component per 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the decorative powder particles, calculated as solid content (more preferably 3 to 30 parts by weight, even more preferably 4 to 20 parts by weight, and particularly preferably 5 to 19 parts by weight). With such a ratio, it is easy to obtain a decorative layer consisting of connected bodies (aggregates) of the decorative powder particles. As a result, a sudden temperature rise is suppressed under high temperatures such as during a fire, and sufficient heat absorption performance can be exhibited without inhibiting the dehydration (evaporation, etc.) action in the heat absorption layer.

[0029] The composition for the cosmetic layer may contain other components (additives) as necessary, as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired. Examples of such components include plasticizers, anti-algae agents, antibacterial agents, deodorants, adsorbents, flame retardants, thickeners, defoamers, crosslinking agents, glittering pigments, phosphorescent pigments, fluorescent pigments, aggregates, fibers, ultraviolet absorbers, light stabilizers, antioxidants, catalysts, etc.

[0030] The decorative layer (decorative sheet) of the present invention may have an uneven pattern on its surface. The pattern of such a decorative layer is not particularly limited, and may have various shapes, such as a stone pattern, a wood grain pattern, a joint pattern, etc. The thickness of the decorative layer is preferably 0.2 to 30 mm (more preferably 0.5 to 20 mm).

[0031] The method for producing the decorative layer (decorative sheet) is not particularly limited, but examples include a method in which a composition for the decorative layer is poured into the inner surface of a mold, and the composition is removed after curing.

[0032] The decorative layer (decorative sheet) of the present invention may have a clear layer on the outermost surface for the purpose of surface protection (water resistance, weather resistance, etc.), contamination prevention, etc. As the clear layer, a known clear paint can be used.

[0033] The decorative layer (decorative sheet) may be composed only of a molded product of a mixture containing the above-mentioned components and additives, but may also be a layer having a fibrous sheet or the like laminated inside and / or on the back surface of the decorative layer (decorative sheet). As such a fibrous sheet, for example, a known sheet containing organic fibers and / or inorganic fibers can be used. By using such a fibrous sheet, the strength of the decorative layer (decorative sheet) can be increased.

[0034] The laminate of the present invention is characterized in that the decorative layer extends beyond the end of the heat absorption layer in at least one direction. The decorative layer extending beyond the end of the heat absorption layer can cover the side of the lower heat absorption layer, or the side or surface of the heat absorption layer of the adjacent laminate. This makes it possible to fully obtain effects such as aesthetics, workability, and heat resistance protection.

[0035] In the laminate of the present invention, by laminating a thermally foamable layer, it is possible to impart even better heat resistance protection. The thermally foamable layer can be provided, for example, on the back side of the heat-absorbing layer, between the heat-absorbing layer and the decorative layer. In the present invention, it is preferable to provide the thermally foamable layer between the heat-absorbing layer and the decorative layer.

[0036] The thermal foam layer may be one that foams due to the action of each of the raw materials constituting the thermal foam layer when the ambient temperature rises due to a fire or the like and the temperature of the thermal foam layer reaches a predetermined foaming temperature, thereby forming a carbonized insulating layer. The thermal foam layer may be formed, for example, from a thermal foamable sheet.

[0037] The foaming temperature of the thermal foam layer is preferably 150°C or higher, more preferably 180°C or higher, and further preferably 200 to 400°C, from the viewpoint of temperature rise due to flame, heat, and the like.

[0038] The thermal foam layer is preferably made of a mixture of components including a resin component, a flame retardant, a foaming agent, a carbonizing agent, and a filler. Among these, examples of the resin component include thermoplastic resins such as acrylic resin, acrylic styrene resin, vinyl acetate resin, and ethylene vinyl acetate resin. Examples of the flame retardant include ammonium polyphosphate, and examples of the foaming agent include melamine, dicyandiamide, and azodicarbonamide. Examples of the carbonizing agent include pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol, and examples of the filler include titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, and inorganic fibers. Each of these components can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0039] The composition ratio (weight ratio) of each component constituting the thermal foam layer is preferably 200 to 600 parts by weight of flame retardant, 40 to 150 parts by weight of foaming agent, 40 to 150 parts by weight of carbonizing agent, and 50 to 160 parts by weight of filler per 100 parts by weight of resin component, calculated as solid content, from the viewpoint of heat resistance protection, etc.

[0040] As the thermally foamable sheet used in the thermally foamable layer, a mixture containing the above-mentioned components and, if necessary, various additives, molded into a sheet can be used.

[0041] Additives that can be used in the mixture that forms the thermally foamed layer may be any additive that does not significantly impair the effects of the present invention, and examples include pigments, fibers, wetting agents, plasticizers, lubricants, preservatives, antifungal agents, anti-algae agents, antibacterial agents, thickeners, dispersants, defoamers, crosslinking agents, UV absorbers, light stabilizers, antioxidants, dilution solvents, etc.

[0042] The thickness of the thermally foamed layer may be appropriately set depending on the application, etc., but from the viewpoints of heat resistance, protection, lightweight, etc., it is preferably 0.1 to 10 mm, more preferably 0.3 to 8 mm, and further preferably 0.5 to 6 mm.

[0043] The thermally foamable layer may be composed only of a molded product of a mixture containing the above-mentioned components and additives, or may be a layer having a fibrous sheet or the like laminated on the front or back surface of the thermally foamable layer. As such a fibrous sheet, for example, a known sheet containing organic fibers and / or inorganic fibers can be used.

[0044] In the laminate of the present invention, the thermal foaming layer preferably extends beyond the end of the heat absorbing layer in at least one direction. The thermal foaming layer extending beyond the end of the heat absorbing layer can cover the side of the lower heat absorbing layer or the side or surface of the heat absorbing layer of the adjacent laminate. This makes it possible to fully obtain the effect of heat resistance protection, etc.

[0045] Furthermore, in the laminate of the present invention, by laminating a heat reflective layer, the heat resistance protection can be further improved by its heat shielding effect, etc. The heat reflective layer can be provided, for example, on the back side of the heat absorbing layer, between the heat absorbing layer and the heat foaming layer, or on the front side of the heat foaming layer (between the heat foaming layer and the decorative layer), etc.

[0046] As the heat reflection layer, for example, a metal plate, sheet, tape, etc. having high heat reflectivity can be used. Examples of metals constituting the heat reflection layer include aluminum, copper, silver, etc., and among these, aluminum is preferred. Specific examples of the heat reflection layer include aluminum foil, aluminum tape, aluminum cloth, aluminum foil / glass nonwoven fabric laminated sheet, aluminum foil / mesh laminated sheet, aluminum foil / synthetic resin laminated sheet, etc. For example, when using aluminum tape, a tape having an adhesive layer formed on one side of the aluminum layer can be used. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more types.

[0047] From the viewpoints of heat reflectivity, heat resistance, and light weight, the thickness of the heat reflective layer is preferably 0.01 to 1 mm, more preferably 0.02 to 0.5 mm, and even more preferably 0.03 to 0.3 mm.

[0048] In the present invention, for example, each layer can be bonded together using an adhesive. As the adhesive, for example, a water-dispersed, water-soluble, or solvent-based adhesive made mainly of acrylic resin, silicon resin, epoxy resin, vinyl resin, phenol resin, polyester resin, urethane resin, paraffin, or the like can be used. If necessary, the adhesive can be blended with additives such as a flame retardant, a foaming agent, a carbonizing agent, and a filler, which are blended in the above-mentioned thermal foaming layer. In the present invention, the adhesive also includes a pressure-sensitive adhesive.

[0049] [Covering structure] The covered structure of the present invention is obtained by covering the periphery of a substrate with at least one of the above laminates.

[0050] Examples of the substrate include pillars, beams, etc., which constitute structures such as buildings and civil engineering structures. Examples of such substrates include those made of materials such as cement-based materials, plastics, wood materials, and metals. The shape of these substrates is preferably long, and the cross-sectional shape thereof is, for example, a circle or a polygon (such as a rectangle). The present invention is particularly useful when the substrate is a rectangular substrate with a rectangular cross section, and can be preferably applied to, for example, a rectangular wood substrate.

[0051] In the present invention, the laminate is installed on the substrate so that the heat absorption layer side of the laminate faces the substrate and the decorative layer side faces outward. Each laminate can be installed on the substrate using, for example, a fastener such as a nail, a screw, a rivet, a pin, a bolt, or a staple, or a gypsum-based or cement-based adhesive. This makes it possible to efficiently obtain a covering structure in which at least the heat absorption layer and the decorative layer are laminated in order on the substrate, which is advantageous in terms of workability. And, by laminating each layer in the above order, it is possible to achieve excellent design (beauty) and excellent effects in heat-resistant protection, etc., and to suppress the decrease in strength of the substrate. Furthermore, by laminating the thermal foaming layer, the effect of suppressing the temperature rise due to heat such as fire is further enhanced, and the effect of heat-resistant protection, etc. can be stably obtained.

[0052] The joints between the laminates (where the laminates come into contact with each other) can be treated appropriately. For example, the joints can be treated with an adhesive, coating material, putty, or the like of a similar color to the decorative layer. Two or more of these treatment methods can be combined.

[0053] The laminates can be placed adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction of the substrate. The joints between the laminates can be treated as necessary. The above-mentioned methods can be used to treat the joints.

[0054] The coated structure of the present invention can be applied to applications requiring heat-resistant protection in various fields such as architecture and civil engineering. When used as a building material, it can be applied to, for example, columns, beams, etc. The coated structure of the present invention can exhibit heat-resistant protection (fire resistance) that satisfies the specified conditions in the test specified in JIS A1304:2017. Such performance can be appropriately adjusted, for example, by selecting the type, lamination mode, thickness, etc. of each layer.

[0055] [Example 1] Fig. 1 shows an example (cross-sectional view) of the laminate of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the laminate of Fig. 1. In the laminate of Figs. 1 and 2, a heat absorption layer 2 and a decorative layer 3 are laminated in this order. The heat absorption layer 2 is a quadrangular (square or rectangular) plate material when viewed from the front, and the decorative layer 3 is a quadrangular (square or rectangular) sheet when viewed from the front. The decorative layer 3 extends in two directions beyond the left end 2L and the right end 2R of the heat absorption layer 2.

[0056] In Fig. 1, the decorative layer 3 has an adhesive layer 4 provided on its back surface beforehand, and is then bonded to the heat absorption layer 2. In Fig. 1, the adhesive layer 4 is also provided on the back surface of the decorative layer 3 (the left and right ends of the decorative layer 3) that extends beyond the ends of the heat absorption layer 2, but release paper or the like may be laminated on the back surface of the adhesive layer 4 in this portion. Such release paper or the like can be peeled off when bonding the left and right ends of the decorative layer 3 to the side surfaces of the heat absorption layer, etc.

[0057] FIG. 3 shows an example (cross-sectional view) of the covering structure of the present invention. In the covering structure of FIG. 3, a long rectangular base material is covered using the laminates of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. Specifically, in the covering structure of FIG. 3, four laminates 101-104 are installed along the outer sides of the four sides of the base material 8 (rectangular base material) in a cross-sectional view. The thicknesses of the heat absorption layers of the laminates 101-104 are the same, and the thicknesses of the decorative layers of the laminates 101-104 are also the same. The size of the heat absorption layer of each of the laminates 101-104 is equal to the length of one side of the rectangular base material. In the laminates 101-104, the decorative layer extending beyond the end of the heat absorption layer is bent at the end of the lower heat absorption layer and attached to the side surface. In the adjacent laminates, the contact points between the decorative layers can be appropriately treated with, for example, an adhesive, coating material, putty material, or the like of a similar color to the decorative layer. As a result, the entire periphery of the rectangular base material is covered with the laminates. The size referred to here is the length along the side of the substrate in a cross-sectional view.

[0058] The covering structure of Fig. 3 can be made more aesthetically pleasing by using a decorative layer with a design such as a wood grain pattern or a sandstone pattern. Such a structure has excellent design (aesthetics) under normal conditions, and when exposed to high temperatures due to a fire or the like, the decorative layer 3 exhibits heat reflectivity and heat resistance, and the heat absorption layer 2 exhibits a heat absorption effect, thereby suppressing the temperature rise of the base material 8 and maintaining its strength.

[0059] [Example 2] Another example (cross-sectional view) of a covering structure using the laminate of the present invention (FIGS. 1 and 2) is shown in FIG. 4. Specifically, in the covering structure of FIG. 4, laminates 105 and 107 are provided along the outer sides of the upper and lower sides of the substrate 8 (rectangular substrate) in a cross-sectional view, and laminates 106 and 108 are provided along the outer sides of the right and left sides of the substrate 8 (rectangular substrate). Of these, laminates 105 and 107 are the laminate of the present invention (FIGS. 1 and 2). In both laminates 106 and 108, a decorative layer of the same size as the heat absorption layer is laminated, and the end of the heat absorption layer and the end of the decorative layer are aligned.

[0060] The size of the heat absorption layer of both laminates 105 and 107 is equal to the sum of the length of one side of the rectangular base material, the thickness of the heat absorption layer of laminate 106, and the thickness of the heat absorption layer of laminate 108. Both laminates 106 and 108 have a size equal to the length of one side of the rectangular base material, and the heat absorption layer and the decorative layer are the same in size. The thicknesses of the heat absorption layers of laminates 105 to 108 are also the same, and the thicknesses of the decorative layers of laminates 105 to 108 are also the same.

[0061] At the corners of the base material 8 (rectangular base material), the back surface of the heat absorption layer of one laminate is in contact with the side surface of the heat absorption layer of the other laminate. Specifically, at the upper right corner where the laminates 105 and 106 are in contact, the back surface of the heat absorption layer of the laminate 105 is in contact with the side surface of the heat absorption layer of the laminate 106. At the lower right corner where the laminates 106 and 107 are in contact, the side surface of the heat absorption layer of the laminate 106 is in contact with the back surface of the heat absorption layer of the laminate 107. At the lower left corner where the laminates 107 and 108 are in contact, the back surface of the heat absorption layer of the laminate 107 is in contact with the side surface of the heat absorption layer of the laminate 108. At the upper left corner where the laminates 108 and 105 are in contact, the side surface of the heat absorption layer of the laminate 108 is in contact with the back surface of the heat absorption layer of the laminate 105.

[0062] In the laminates 105 and 107, the decorative layers (the left and right ends of the decorative layers) that extend beyond the ends of the heat absorption layers are bent at the ends of the lower heat absorption layers and attached to the sides of the lower heat absorption layers. This allows the entire periphery of the rectangular substrate to be covered by the laminate. In adjacent laminates, the areas where the decorative layers come into contact with each other can be appropriately treated with, for example, an adhesive, coating material, putty, or the like of a similar color to the decorative layers.

[0063] The covering structure of Fig. 4 can be made more aesthetically pleasing by using a decorative layer with a design such as a wood grain pattern or a sandstone pattern. Such a structure has excellent design (aesthetics) under normal conditions, and when exposed to high temperatures due to a fire or the like, the decorative layer 3 exhibits heat reflectivity and heat resistance, and the heat absorbing layer 2 exhibits a heat absorbing effect, thereby suppressing the temperature rise of the base material 8 and maintaining its strength.

[0064] [Example 3] Another example (cross-sectional view) of a covered structure using the laminate of the present invention (FIGS. 1 and 2) is shown in FIG. 5. Specifically, in the covered structure of FIG. 5, laminates 109 and 111 are provided along the outer sides of the upper and lower sides of the substrate 8 (rectangular substrate) in a cross-sectional view, and laminates 110 and 112 are provided along the outer sides of the right and left sides of the substrate 8 (rectangular substrate). Of these, laminates 109 and 111 are the laminate of the present invention (FIGS. 1 and 2).

[0065] In both laminates 109 and 111, the heat absorption layer has a size equal to the length of one side of the rectangular base material, and the decorative layer has a size equal to the sum of the length of one side of the rectangular base material and the thickness of two laminates (laminates 110 and 112). In both laminates 110 and 112, the heat absorption layer has a size equal to the sum of the length of one side of the rectangular base material and the thickness of the heat absorption layer of laminate 109 and the thickness of the heat absorption layer of laminate 111, and the heat absorption layer and the decorative layer have the same size. The heat absorption layers of laminates 109 to 112 have the same thickness, and the decorative layers of laminates 109 to 112 also have the same thickness.

[0066] At the corners of the base material 8 (rectangular base material), the back surface of the heat absorption layer of one laminate is in contact with the side surface of the heat absorption layer of the other laminate. Specifically, at the upper right corner where the laminates 109 and 110 are in contact, the side surface of the heat absorption layer of the laminate 109 is in contact with the back surface of the heat absorption layer of the laminate 110. At the lower right corner where the laminates 110 and 111 are in contact, the back surface of the heat absorption layer of the laminate 110 is in contact with the side surface of the heat absorption layer of the laminate 111. At the lower left corner where the laminates 111 and 112 are in contact, the side surface of the heat absorption layer of the laminate 111 is in contact with the back surface of the heat absorption layer of the laminate 112. At the upper left corner where the laminates 112 and 109 are in contact, the back surface of the heat absorption layer of the laminate 112 is in contact with the side surface of the heat absorption layer of the laminate 109.

[0067] In the laminates 109 and 111, the decorative layer (the left end and right end of the decorative layer) that extends beyond the end of the heat absorption layer is bonded to the side of the adjacent laminate (laminate 110, 112). This causes the entire periphery of the rectangular base material to be covered by the laminate. In the adjacent laminates, the area where the decorative layers come into contact with each other can be appropriately treated with, for example, an adhesive, coating material, putty material, or the like of a similar color to the decorative layer.

[0068] The covering structure of Fig. 5 can be made more aesthetically pleasing by using a decorative layer with a design such as a wood grain pattern or a sandstone pattern. Such a structure has excellent design (aesthetics) under normal conditions, and when exposed to high temperatures due to a fire or the like, the decorative layer 3 exhibits heat reflectivity and heat resistance, and the heat absorption layer 2 exhibits a heat absorption effect, thereby suppressing the temperature rise of the base material 8 and maintaining its strength.

[0069] [Example 4] Fig. 6 shows another example (cross-sectional view) of the laminate of the present invention. In the laminate of Fig. 6, a heat absorbing layer 2 and a decorative layer 3 are laminated in this order. The heat absorbing layer 2 is a plate material having a quadrilateral shape (square or rectangle) when viewed from the front, and the decorative layer 3 is a sheet having a quadrilateral shape (square or rectangle) when viewed from the front. In Fig. 6, the decorative layer 3 has an adhesive layer 4 provided on its back surface in advance, and is then bonded to the heat absorbing layer 2. The decorative layer 3 extends in one direction beyond the right end portion 2R of the heat absorbing layer 2.

[0070] Fig. 7 shows an example (cross-sectional view) of a covering structure using the laminate of Fig. 6. In the covering structure of Fig. 7, a long rectangular base material is covered with four laminates of Fig. 6. Specifically, in the covering structure of Fig. 7, four laminates 113-116 are placed along the outside of the four sides of the base material 8 (rectangular base material) in cross-sectional view. The heat absorption layers of the laminates 113-116 have the same thickness, and the decorative layers of the laminates 113-116 also have the same thickness.

[0071] At the corners of the base material 8 (rectangular base material), the back surface of the heat absorption layer of one laminate is in contact with the side surface of the heat absorption layer of the other laminate. Specifically, at the upper right corner where the laminates 113 and 114 are in contact, the back surface of the heat absorption layer of the laminate 113 is in contact with the side surface of the heat absorption layer of the laminate 114. At the lower right corner where the laminates 114 and 115 are in contact, the back surface of the heat absorption layer of the laminate 114 is in contact with the side surface of the heat absorption layer of the laminate 115. At the lower left corner where the laminates 115 and 116 are in contact, the back surface of the heat absorption layer of the laminate 115 is in contact with the side surface of the heat absorption layer of the laminate 116. At the upper left corner where the laminates 116 and 113 are in contact, the back surface of the heat absorption layer of the laminate 116 is in contact with the side surface of the heat absorption layer of the laminate 113.

[0072] In each of the laminates 113 to 116, the size of the heat absorption layer is equal to the sum of the length of one side of the rectangular base material and the thickness of the heat absorption layer of the adjacent laminate. In the laminates 113 to 116, the decorative layers extending beyond the ends of the heat absorption layers are bent at the ends of the lower heat absorption layers and attached to the side surfaces. As a result, the entire periphery of the rectangular base material is covered by the laminate. In the adjacent laminates, the areas where the decorative layers come into contact with each other can be appropriately treated with, for example, an adhesive, coating material, putty, or the like of a similar color to the decorative layer.

[0073] The covering structure of Fig. 7 can be made more aesthetically pleasing by using a decorative layer with a design such as a wood grain pattern or a sandstone pattern. Such a structure has excellent design (aesthetics) under normal conditions, and when exposed to high temperatures due to a fire or the like, the decorative layer 3 exhibits heat reflectivity and heat resistance, and the heat absorption layer 2 exhibits a heat absorption effect, thereby suppressing the temperature rise of the base material 8 and maintaining its strength.

[0074] [Example 5] Another example (cross-sectional view) of a covering structure using the laminate of Fig. 6 is shown in Fig. 8. Specifically, in the covering structure of Fig. 8, four laminates (laminates 117-120) of Fig. 6 are placed along the outer sides of the four sides of a substrate 8 (rectangular substrate) in a cross-sectional view. The heat absorption layers of the laminates 117-120 have the same thickness, and the decorative layers of the laminates 117-120 also have the same thickness.

[0075] In each of the laminates 117 to 120, the size of the heat absorption layer is equal to the sum of the length of one side of the rectangular base material and the thickness of the heat absorption layer of the adjacent laminate, and the size of the decorative layer is equal to the sum of the length of one side of the rectangular base material, the thickness of the heat absorption layer of the adjacent laminate on one side, and the thickness of the adjacent laminate on the other side. For example, the laminate 117 has a size of a heat absorption layer equal to the sum of the length of the upper side of the rectangular base material and the thickness of the heat absorption layer of the laminate 120, and a size of a decorative layer equal to the sum of the length of the upper side of the rectangular base material, the thickness of the heat absorption layer of the laminate 120, and the thickness of the laminate 118. The thicknesses of the heat absorption layers of the laminates 117 to 120 are the same, and the thicknesses of the decorative layers of the laminates 117 to 120 are also the same.

[0076] At the corners of the base material 8 (rectangular base material), the heat absorption layer rear surface of one laminate is in contact with the heat absorption layer side surface of the other laminate. Specifically, at the upper right corner where the laminates 117 and 118 are in contact, the heat absorption layer side surface of the laminate 117 is in contact with the heat absorption layer rear surface of the laminate 118. At the lower right corner where the laminates 118 and 119 are in contact, the heat absorption layer side surface of the laminate 118 is in contact with the heat absorption layer rear surface of the laminate 119. At the lower left corner where the laminates 119 and 120 are in contact, the heat absorption layer side surface of the laminate 119 is in contact with the heat absorption layer rear surface of the laminate 120. At the upper left corner where the laminates 120 and 117 are in contact, the heat absorption layer side surface of the laminate 120 is in contact with the heat absorption layer rear surface of the laminate 117.

[0077] In the laminates 117 to 120, the decorative layers extending beyond the ends of the heat absorbing layers are bonded to the side surfaces of the adjacent laminates. For example, in the laminate 117, the decorative layer at the right end is bonded to the side surface of the laminate 118. This causes the entire periphery of the rectangular base material to be covered by the laminates. In the adjacent laminates, the areas where the decorative layers come into contact with each other can be appropriately treated with, for example, an adhesive, coating material, putty, or the like of a similar color to the decorative layers.

[0078] The covering structure of Fig. 8 can be made more aesthetically pleasing by using a decorative layer with a design such as a wood grain pattern or a sandstone pattern. Such a structure has excellent design (aesthetics) under normal conditions, and when exposed to high temperatures due to a fire or the like, the decorative layer 3 exhibits heat reflectivity and heat resistance, and the heat absorption layer 2 exhibits a heat absorption effect, thereby suppressing the temperature rise of the base material 8 and maintaining its strength.

[0079] [Example 6] Fig. 9 shows another example (cross-sectional view) of the laminate of the present invention. In the laminate of Fig. 9, a heat absorption layer 2 and a decorative layer 3 are laminated in this order. The heat absorption layer 2 is a quadrangular (square or rectangular) plate material when viewed from the front, and the decorative layer 3 is a quadrangular (square or rectangular) sheet when viewed from the front. In Fig. 9, the decorative layer 3 has an adhesive layer 4 provided on its back surface in advance, and is attached to the heat absorption layer 2. The decorative layer 3 extends in one direction beyond the right end 2R of the heat absorption layer 2, and the decorative layer 3 is not laminated near the left end of the heat absorption layer 2.

[0080] Fig. 10 shows an example (cross-sectional view) of a covering structure using the laminate of Fig. 9. In the covering structure of Fig. 10, a long rectangular base material is covered with four laminates of Fig. 9. Specifically, in the covering structure of Fig. 10, four laminates 121-124 are placed along the outside of the four sides of a base material 8 (rectangular base material) in a cross-sectional view. The heat absorption layers of the laminates 121-124 have the same thickness, and the decorative layers of the laminates 121-124 also have the same thickness.

[0081] At the corners of the base material 8 (rectangular base material), the heat absorption layer rear surface of one laminate is in contact with the heat absorption layer side surface of the other laminate. Specifically, at the upper right corner where the laminates 121 and 122 are in contact, the heat absorption layer side surface of the laminate 121 is in contact with the heat absorption layer rear surface of the laminate 122. At the lower right corner where the laminates 122 and 123 are in contact, the heat absorption layer side surface of the laminate 122 is in contact with the heat absorption layer rear surface of the laminate 123. At the lower left corner where the laminates 123 and 124 are in contact, the heat absorption layer side surface of the laminate 123 is in contact with the heat absorption layer rear surface of the laminate 124. At the upper left corner where the laminates 124 and 121 are in contact, the heat absorption layer side surface of the laminate 124 is in contact with the heat absorption layer rear surface of the laminate 121.

[0082] In each of the laminates 121 to 124, the size of the heat absorption layer is equal to the sum of the length of one side of the rectangular base material and the thickness of the heat absorption layer of the adjacent laminate. In the laminates 121 to 124, the decorative layer extending beyond the end of the heat absorption layer is bent at the end of the heat absorption layer of the adjacent laminate, and is bonded to cover the side or end surface of the heat absorption layer. For example, in the laminate 121, the decorative layer at the right end is bent at the upper right end of the heat absorption layer of the laminate 122, and is bonded to cover the upper side or upper right surface of the heat absorption layer of the laminate 122. As a result, the entire periphery of the rectangular base material is covered by the laminate. In the adjacent laminates, the area where the decorative layers contact each other can be appropriately treated with, for example, an adhesive, coating material, putty material, etc. of a similar color to the decorative layer.

[0083] The covering structure of Fig. 10 can be made more aesthetically pleasing by using a decorative layer with a design such as a wood grain pattern or sandstone pattern. Such a structure has excellent design (aesthetics) under normal conditions, and when exposed to high temperatures due to a fire or the like, the decorative layer 3 exhibits heat reflectivity and heat resistance, and the heat absorption layer 2 exhibits a heat absorption effect, thereby suppressing the temperature rise of the base material 8 and maintaining its strength.

[0084] [Example 7] FIG. 11 shows another example (cross-sectional view) of the laminate of the present invention. In the laminate of FIG. 11, a heat absorption layer 21 and a decorative layer 3 are laminated in this order. The heat absorption layer 21 is a quadrilateral (square or rectangular) plate material in a front view, and the left and right ends are chamfered to form a trapezoidal shape in a cross-sectional view. The decorative layer 3 is a quadrilateral (square or rectangular) sheet in a front view. In FIG. 11, the decorative layer 3 has an adhesive layer 4 provided on its back surface in advance, and is bonded to the heat absorption layer 21. The decorative layer 3 extends in two directions beyond the left end 21L and the right end 21R of the heat absorption layer 21.

[0085] FIG. 12 shows another example (cross-sectional view) of the laminate of the present invention. In the laminate of FIG. 12, a heat absorption layer 21 and a decorative layer 3 are laminated in this order. The heat absorption layer 21 is a quadrilateral (square or rectangular) plate material in a front view, and the left and right ends are chamfered to form a trapezoidal shape in a cross-sectional view. The decorative layer 3 is a quadrilateral (square or rectangular) sheet in a front view. In FIG. 12, the decorative layer 3 has an adhesive layer 4 provided on the back surface thereof in advance, and is bonded to the heat absorption layer 21. The decorative layer 3 extends in one direction beyond the right end 21R of the heat absorption layer 21, and the decorative layer 3 is not laminated near the left end of the heat absorption layer 21.

[0086] An example (cross-sectional view) of a covering structure using the laminate of Fig. 12 is shown in Fig. 13. In the covering structure of Fig. 13, a long rectangular base material is covered with four laminates of Fig. 12. Specifically, in the covering structure of Fig. 13, four laminates 125-128 are placed along the outside of the four sides of the base material 8 (rectangular base material) in cross-sectional view. The heat absorption layers of the laminates 125-128 have the same thickness, and the decorative layers of the laminates 125-128 also have the same thickness.

[0087] In each of the laminates 125 to 128, the size of the back side of the heat absorption layer is equal to the length of one side of the rectangular base material. In the laminates 125 to 128, the decorative layer extending beyond the end of the heat absorption layer is bent so as to follow the heat absorption layer of the lower layer or the heat absorption layer of the adjacent laminate, and is bonded to cover the side of the heat absorption layer of the lower layer or the vicinity of the end surface of the heat absorption layer of the adjacent laminate. For example, in the laminate 125, the decorative layer at the right end is bent so as to follow the heat absorption layer of the lower layer or the heat absorption layer of the laminate 126, and is bonded to cover the side of the heat absorption layer of the lower layer or the vicinity of the end surface of the heat absorption layer of the laminate 126. As a result, the entire periphery of the rectangular base material is covered by the laminate. In the adjacent laminates, the contact points between the decorative layers can be appropriately treated with, for example, an adhesive, coating material, putty material, etc. of a similar color to the decorative layer.

[0088] The covering structure of Fig. 13 can be made more aesthetically pleasing by using a decorative layer with a design such as a wood grain pattern or sandstone pattern. Such a structure has excellent design (aesthetics) under normal conditions, and when exposed to high temperatures due to a fire or the like, the decorative layer 3 exhibits heat reflectivity and heat resistance, and the heat absorption layer 2 exhibits a heat absorption effect, thereby suppressing the temperature rise of the base material 8 and maintaining its strength.

[0089] [Example 8] FIG. 14 shows another example (cross-sectional view) of the laminate of the present invention. In the laminate of FIG. 14, a heat absorbing layer 2, a thermal foaming layer 6, and a decorative layer 3 are laminated in this order. The heat absorbing layer 2 is a plate material having a quadrangular shape (square or rectangle) in front view, the heat foaming layer 6 is a sheet having a quadrangular shape (square or rectangle) in front view, and the decorative layer 3 is a decorative sheet having a quadrangular shape (square or rectangle) in front view. In FIG. 14, the thermal foaming layer 3, which has an adhesive layer 4 provided on its back surface, is attached to the heat absorbing layer 2. The decorative layer 3 can be laminated on the surface of the thermal foaming layer 6 via an adhesive layer or the like. The thermal foaming layer 6 extends in one direction beyond the right end 2R of the heat absorbing layer 2. The decorative layer 3 extends in two directions beyond the left end 2L and the right end 2R of the heat absorbing layer 2. The right end of the decorative layer 3 extends beyond the right end of the thermal foaming layer 7.

[0090] An example (cross-sectional view) of a covering structure using the laminate of FIG. 14 is shown in FIG. 15. In the covering structure of FIG. 15, a long rectangular base material is covered with four laminates of FIG. 14. Specifically, in the covering structure of FIG. 15, four laminates 129-132 are placed along the outside of the four sides of the base material 8 (rectangular base material) in cross-sectional view. The heat absorption layers of the laminates 129-132 are the same in thickness, the thermal foaming layers of the laminates 129-132 are the same in thickness, and the decorative layers of the laminates 129-132 are the same in thickness.

[0091] At the corners of the base material 8 (rectangular base material), the heat absorption layer rear surface of one laminate is in contact with the heat absorption layer side surface of the other laminate. Specifically, at the upper right corner where the laminates 129 and 130 are in contact, the heat absorption layer side surface of the laminate 129 is in contact with the heat absorption layer rear surface of the laminate 130. At the lower right corner where the laminates 130 and 131 are in contact, the heat absorption layer side surface of the laminate 130 is in contact with the heat absorption layer rear surface of the laminate 131. At the lower left corner where the laminates 131 and 132 are in contact, the heat absorption layer side surface of the laminate 131 is in contact with the heat absorption layer rear surface of the laminate 132. At the upper left corner where the laminates 132 and 129 are in contact, the heat absorption layer side surface of the laminate 132 is in contact with the heat absorption layer rear surface of the laminate 129.

[0092] In the laminates 129 to 132, the thermally foamable layers extending beyond the ends of the heat absorption layers are bonded to the side surfaces of the adjacent laminates. For example, in the laminate 129, the thermally foamable layer at the right end is bonded to the side surface of the laminate 130.

[0093] In the laminates 129 to 132, the decorative layers extending beyond the ends of the heat absorbing layers are bonded to the decorative layers on the side surfaces of the adjacent laminates. For example, in the laminate 129, the decorative layer on the right end is bonded to the decorative layer on the side surface of the laminate 130.

[0094] In the covering structure of Fig. 15, the entire periphery of the rectangular substrate is covered with the laminate. In adjacent laminates, the areas where the decorative layers contact each other can be appropriately treated with, for example, an adhesive, coating material, putty, or the like of a similar color to the decorative layer.

[0095] The covering structure of Fig. 13 can be made more aesthetically pleasing by using a decorative layer with a design such as a wood grain pattern or a sandstone pattern. Such a structure has excellent design (aesthetics) under normal conditions, and when exposed to high temperatures due to a fire or the like, the decorative layer 3 exhibits heat reflectivity and heat resistance, and the thermal foaming layer 3 foams to form a carbonized heat insulating layer, while the heat absorbing layer 2 exhibits a heat absorbing effect, thereby suppressing the temperature rise of the base material 8 and maintaining its strength.

[0096] [Example 9] FIG. 16 shows another example (cross-sectional view) of the laminate of the present invention. In the laminate of FIG. 16, a heat reflecting layer 7, a heat absorbing layer 2, and a decorative layer 3 are laminated in this order. The heat absorbing layer 2 is a quadrilateral (square or rectangular) plate material in a front view, and the decorative layer 3 is a quadrilateral (square or rectangular) sheet in a front view. The heat reflecting layer 7 is bonded to the heat absorbing layer 2 via an adhesive layer 5 so as to cover the entire back surface side of the heat absorbing layer 2. In FIG. 16, the decorative layer 3, which has an adhesive layer 4 provided in advance on its back surface, is bonded to the heat absorbing layer 2. The decorative layer 3 extends in two directions beyond the right end 2R of the heat absorbing layer 2.

[0097] The laminate of Fig. 16 can be used to form a coated structure in the manner of Fig. 7, Fig. 8, etc. When such a coated structure is exposed to high temperatures due to a fire or the like, the structure has excellent design (beauty) under normal conditions, and when exposed to high temperatures due to a fire or the like, the decorative layer 3 exhibits heat reflectivity and heat resistance, the heat absorption layer 2 exhibits a heat absorption effect, and the heat reflection layer 7 exhibits a heat shielding effect, thereby suppressing a temperature rise in the base material 8 and maintaining its strength.

Claims

1. A laminate having a decorative layer, The laminate includes at least a heat absorbing layer and a decorative layer, Furthermore, a heat reflecting layer is laminated and provided on the back side of the heat absorbing layer, The decorative layer extends beyond an end of the heat absorbing layer in at least one direction. A laminate comprising:

2. A laminate having a decorative layer, The laminate includes at least a heat absorbing layer and a decorative layer, Furthermore, a thermal foaming layer and a thermal reflection layer are laminated, The thermal foaming layer is provided on the back side of the heat absorbing layer or between the heat absorbing layer and the decorative layer, The heat reflecting layer is provided on the back side of the heat absorbing layer, between the heat absorbing layer and the thermal foaming layer, or on the front side of the thermal foaming layer, The decorative layer extends beyond an end of the heat absorbing layer in at least one direction. A laminate comprising:

3. A laminate as described in claim 2, characterized in that the thermal foam layer extends in at least one direction beyond the end of the heat absorption layer.

4. The laminate described in Claim 1, characterized in that the decorative layer is formed from a composition containing a resin component and a decorative powder or granular material.

5. A laminate as described in claim 2, characterized in that the decorative layer is formed from a composition containing a resin component and a decorative powder or granular material.

6. A coating structure in which a substrate is surrounded by a plurality of laminates, A covering structure comprising the laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 5 as the laminate.

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