Charge / discharge control system and charge / discharge control method

Abstract

To appropriately control the charging and discharging of a storage battery that is used to be connected to a power system and installed in a vehicle.SOLUTION: When the present SOC (State Of Charge) of a storage battery is equal to or higher than a minimum dischargeable value and there is no reservation for vehicle use, the charge / discharge control system discharges the power of the storage battery to a power system such that the SOC of the storage battery is equal to an SOC lower limit value. Thereafter, the charge / discharge control system creates charge / discharge plan so as to charge the storage battery with power supplied from the power system such that the SOC of the storage battery is equal to an SOC upper limit value. When the present SOC of the storage battery is lower than a dischargeable lower limit value, the charge / discharge control system creates a charge / discharge plan so as to charge the storage battery with power supplied from the power system such that the SOC of the storage battery is equal to the SOC upper limit value, and the storage battery is controlled according to the created charge / discharge plan. The charge / discharge control system creates a charge / discharge plan while taking into account the discharge efficiency and charge efficiency of the storage battery.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a charge / discharge control system and a charge / discharge control method, and more particularly to a technique for controlling the charge / discharge of a storage battery mounted on a vehicle and used while connected to a power grid. [Background technology]

[0002] Patent Document 1 describes a charge / discharge planning device configured for the purpose of determining a charge / discharge plan for a storage battery while considering the economic efficiency of charging / discharging the storage battery based on the charge / discharge efficiency. The charge / discharge planning device determines the economic efficiency of charging / discharging the storage battery based on a first buying / selling price of electricity in a first time slot obtained by dividing a day into predetermined hours, a second buying / selling price of electricity in a second time slot different from the first time slot obtained by dividing a day into predetermined hours, and the charge / discharge efficiency of the storage battery, and determines a charge / discharge plan for the storage battery in the first and second time slots based on the determination result.

[0003] Non-patent document 1 describes how, in order to make maximum use of renewable energy, the charging times of electric vehicles will be encouraged to be shifted in line with wholesale electricity market prices, etc., data on the implementation details will be collected, and demonstrations will be conducted to verify the effectiveness, thereby aiming to build a stable and efficient power system that utilizes distributed energy resources (DE) and to promote the spread of renewable energy. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] International Publication No. 2015-063914 [Non-patent literature]

[0005] [Non-Patent Document 1] “FY2022 Dynamic Pricing Charging Shift Demonstration Project for Electric Vehicles”, [online], Environmental Co-Creation Initiative, [Retrieved July 30, 2023], Internet<URL:https: / / sii.or.jp / dp04 / > Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] Specific efforts are underway to utilize storage batteries installed in vehicles (mobile objects) equipped with an electrical energy power source, such as electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHVs), as storage batteries to adjust surplus and shortages of electricity generated by the use of renewable energy sources such as solar power and wind power.

[0007] To utilize the storage battery installed in the vehicle as a resource for adjusting the supply and demand balance of the power grid, it is necessary to appropriately control the charging and discharging of the storage battery so that it can effectively adjust the supply and demand balance. Moreover, the above control must not affect the use of the vehicle. Moreover, the above control must be performed while taking into consideration the economics of the provider of the storage battery as the above resource.

[0008] Patent Document 1 describes how a charge / discharge plan for a storage battery is determined in consideration of the economic efficiency of charging and discharging the storage battery based on the charge / discharge efficiency. However, the technology described in the document does not assume the use of storage batteries installed in vehicles.

[0009] Furthermore, Non-Patent Document 1 describes how, in order to maximize the use of renewable energy electricity, it encourages the shifting of charging times for electric vehicles in accordance with wholesale electricity market prices, etc., and obtains data on the implementation details to verify the effectiveness. However, the technology described in this document does not take into consideration the impact on the original use of vehicles when using storage batteries as the above-mentioned resource. Furthermore, this document does not particularly mention the economics of the party that provides storage batteries as the above-mentioned resource.

[0010] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above background, and aims to provide a charge / discharge control system and a charge / discharge control method that are capable of appropriately controlling the charging and discharging of a storage battery installed in a vehicle and connected to a power grid. [Means for solving the problem]

[0011] One of the present inventions for achieving the above object is a charge / discharge control system for controlling charging / discharging of a storage battery mounted on a vehicle when the storage battery is connected to a power grid, the system including a SOC management server which is an information processing device having a processor and a storage device, and a vehicle having an information processing device which controls charging or discharging of the storage battery, the SOC management server being communicatively connected to the vehicle, and storing a minimum dischargeable value of the storage battery, a current SOC (State Of Charge) of the storage battery, the storage battery is controlled in accordance with the storage battery control program; and the storage battery is controlled in accordance with the storage battery control program. The storage battery control program stores a storage battery charge (charge), a reservation status for use of the vehicle, time-series power price information of the power grid, a lower limit SOC value of the storage battery, an upper limit SOC value of the storage battery, and a charge / discharge plan for the storage battery. When the current SOC of the storage battery is equal to or higher than the minimum dischargeable value and there is no reservation for use of the vehicle, the storage battery is discharged to the power grid so that the SOC of the storage battery becomes the lower limit SOC value, and then the storage battery is charged with power supplied from the power grid so that the SOC of the storage battery becomes the upper limit SOC value. When the current SOC of the storage battery is lower than the minimum dischargeable value, the storage battery is charged with power supplied from the power grid so that the SOC of the storage battery becomes the upper limit SOC value, and the storage battery is controlled in accordance with the charge / discharge plan that has been formulated.

[0012] Other problems and solutions disclosed in the present application will be made clear in the detailed description and drawings. Effect of the Invention

[0013] According to the present invention, it is possible to appropriately control charging and discharging of a storage battery mounted on a vehicle and used while being connected to a power grid. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0014] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a charge / discharge control system. [Diagram 2] 2 is a diagram illustrating main functions of a supply and demand adjustment server. FIG. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating main functions of the SOC management server. [Figure 4A] 1 is an example of vehicle-specific SOC management information. [Figure 4B] 4 is an example of vehicle use reservation information. [Figure 4C] 2 is an example of electricity price information. [Figure 4D] 1 is an example of renewable energy surplus prediction information. [Diagram 5] FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining main functions of the ECU. [Figure 6] 4 is a flowchart illustrating a charge / discharge control process. [Figure 7A] 1 is an example of control of charging and discharging a storage battery by a charge and discharge control system. [Figure 7B] 1 is an example of control of charging and discharging a storage battery by a charge and discharge control system. [Figure 8] 1 is an example of a hardware configuration of an information processing device used to realize a supply and demand adjustment server or a SOC management server. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0015] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, the letter "S" before a reference numeral denotes a processing step.

[0016] 1 shows a schematic configuration of a charge / discharge control system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the charge / discharge control system 1 includes one or more power supply devices 20 connected to a power grid 3, one or more vehicles 30, a supply and demand adjustment server 100, and a SOC management server 200.

[0017] The SOC management server 200 and the supply and demand adjustment server 100 are both configured using information processing devices (computers). The SOC management server 200 and the supply and demand adjustment server 100 are both connected to various facilities constituting the power system 3, the power supply devices 20, the vehicles 30, and the information providing server 7 via a communication network 5 so as to be able to communicate with each other.

[0018] The communication network 5 is a communication infrastructure that realizes wired or wireless communication, such as the Internet, a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wide Area Network (WAN), a wireless LAN, a Power Line Communication Network, various public communication networks, Bluetooth (registered trademark), a dedicated line, etc.

[0019] The power system 3 includes, for example, conventional power generation facilities such as thermal power generation facilities, and power generation facilities that utilize renewable energy (photovoltaic power generation facilities (PV) and wind power generation facilities, etc.). The power system 3 may also include functions as a Virtual Power Plant (VPP) or a microgrid. The power system 3 may also be operated within a limited range, such as within a specified region, a specified organization, or within a specified factory site.

[0020] The information providing server 7 is an information processing device such as a Web server that provides information to other devices via the Internet, and is operated by, for example, an operator of the power system 3, a government agency, a company, or other organization. The information providing server 7 provides the SOC management server 200 with various types of information, such as information used to determine an appropriate SOC (State Of Charge) of the storage battery 31 of the vehicle 30, and information used to control the SOC.

[0021] The above information includes, for example, time series information on electricity prices (hereinafter referred to as "electricity price information"), time series information on the output of renewable energy power generation facilities (hereinafter referred to as "renewable energy output"), time series forecast information of the surplus of the above output (hereinafter referred to as "renewable energy surplus power") (hereinafter referred to as "renewable energy surplus power forecast information"), time series forecast information of electricity demand in the power grid 3 (hereinafter referred to as "electricity demand forecast information"), and time series forecast information of weather (including time series information on solar radiation and wind conditions) in the area where the power grid 3 exists (the area where the source of electricity to the power grid 3 exists and the area where the consumers to whom electricity is provided by the power grid 3 exist) (hereinafter referred to as "weather forecast information").

[0022] The power supply device 20 is, for example, household or public electric vehicle supply equipment installed in various locations in the area where the power system 3 is deployed. The power supply device 20 supplies charging power from the power system 3 to a storage battery 31 mounted on the vehicle 30, and supplies discharged power of the storage battery 31 to the power system 3. The power supply device 20 also includes communication equipment for communicating with the vehicle 30, the supply and demand adjustment server 100, and the SOC management server 200 via a communication network 5.

[0023] The vehicle 30 is a mobile object that runs using electric power stored in a storage battery 31 as an energy source, and is, for example, an electric vehicle (EV) or a plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHV). The vehicle 30 operates, for example, as a V2X device (V2L (Vehicle to Live), V2H (Vehicle to home), or V2G (Vehicle to Grid)). The storage battery 31 is, for example, a secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery, an all-solid-state battery, a lead storage battery, or a nickel-metal hydride battery.

[0024] The vehicle 30 includes an ECU 32 (Electronic Control Unit). The ECU 32 monitors the state of the storage battery 31 and controls charging or discharging of the storage battery 31. The vehicle 30 is electrically connected to the power supply device 20 via a cable or the like, and is electrically connected to the power system 3 via the power supply device 20. The vehicle 30 includes a charge / discharge control device 33 that controls charging or discharging of the storage battery 31. The charge / discharge control device 33 has, for example, a bidirectional charging unit, and includes a circuit that controls charging or discharging, a circuit that monitors the state of the storage battery 31 based on measured values ​​of various sensors (such as a voltage sensor, a current sensor, and a temperature sensor), a power conversion circuit (such as a bidirectional converter), and the like.

[0025] The charge / discharge control device 33 is communicably connected to the ECU 32, and controls charging or discharging of the storage battery 31 according to commands from the ECU 32. The charge / discharge control device 33 also notifies the ECU 32 of information related to the state of the storage battery 31 (voltage (charging voltage, discharging voltage), current (charging current, discharging current), SOC (State of charge), temperature, internal resistance, etc.).

[0026] The vehicle 30 is equipped with a communication facility, and transmits information on the state of the storage battery 31 acquired by the ECU 32 from the charge / discharge control device 33 to the supply and demand adjustment server 100 and the SOC management server 200 via the communication network 5. The vehicle 30 may be, for example, a connected car. The vehicle 30 may also be equipped with facilities for receiving various services provided via a telematics communication network.

[0027] The supply and demand adjustment server 100 is operated by an operator of the power system 3, such as a power transmission and distribution business operator. The supply and demand adjustment server 100 acquires real-time supply of power from various power generation facilities connected to the power system 3 and real-time consumption of power based on measurement values ​​of smart meters and the like installed in consumers connected to the power system 3, and adjusts the balance of power supply and demand in the power system 3 (load leveling, absorbing excess supply of renewable energy, supplying necessary power during power shortages, etc.) based on the acquired supply and consumption.

[0028] The supply and demand adjustment server 100 adjusts the power supply and demand balance in the power system 3 by issuing an adjustment command for the supply and demand balance in the power system 3, for example, by DR (Demand Response).

[0029] The SOC management server 200 transmits a control instruction (a charge instruction or a discharge instruction) for the storage battery 31 to the vehicle 30 so that the SOC of the storage battery 31 mounted on the vehicle 30 becomes an appropriate value. The SOC management server 200 determines the value of the SOC of the storage battery 31 mounted on the vehicle 30 (each vehicle 30 to be managed) based on, for example, the status of the reservation of the vehicle 30, the operation history of the vehicle 30, the adjustment command (DR, etc.) sent from the supply and demand adjustment server 100, renewable energy output forecast information, power demand forecast information, weather forecast information, and the like provided by the information providing server 7 (hereinafter, information appropriately taken into consideration when determining the SOC of the storage battery 31 is collectively referred to as "SOC determination consideration information"), and transmits a control instruction to the vehicle 30 so that the SOC of the storage battery 31 mounted on the vehicle 30 becomes the determined value. In addition, the SOC management server 200 may function as, for example, an information processing device (a so-called aggregator server) that transmits control instructions for charging or discharging to the vehicle 30 in response to the DR sent from the supply and demand adjustment server 100 to the SOC management server 200.

[0030] 2 is a block diagram illustrating main functions of the supply and demand adjustment server 100. As shown in the figure, the supply and demand adjustment server 100 includes the functions of a storage unit 110 and a supply and demand balance adjustment unit 125.

[0031] Among the above functions, the storage unit 110 stores power supply and demand status information 111. The power supply and demand status information 111 includes, for example, time series information on the amount of power supply from various power generation facilities connected to the power grid 3 and time series information on the amount of power usage based on measurement values ​​sent from smart meters of consumers.

[0032] The supply and demand balance adjustment unit 125 determines whether or not adjustment of the supply and demand balance is necessary based on the power supply and demand status information 111. When it is determined that adjustment of the supply and demand balance is necessary, the supply and demand balance adjustment unit 125, for example, plans a supply and demand balance adjustment method (control method) based on the power supply and demand status information 111, generates a adjustment command (DR) based on the planned adjustment method, and transmits it to the SOC management server 200. Note that the supply and demand balance adjustment method is planned using, for example, a known method.

[0033] 3 is a block diagram for explaining main functions of the SOC management server 200. As shown in the figure, the SOC management server 200 includes the following functions: a storage unit 210, a vehicle SOC management unit 221, a vehicle utilization reservation management unit 225, a power price information management unit 230, a renewable energy surplus power prediction information management unit 235, a charge and discharge plan creation unit 250, an adjustment command receiving unit 260, and a charge and discharge control unit 270.

[0034] Of the above functions, the memory unit 210 stores each piece of information (data) such as vehicle-specific SOC management information 211, vehicle use reservation information 212, electricity price information 213, renewable energy surplus power prediction information 214, minimum dischargeable value 215, discharge efficiency / charge efficiency 216, SOC lower limit value 217, SOC upper limit value 218, charge / discharge plan 219, and adjustment command 220.

[0035] The vehicle SOC management unit 221 receives information regarding the SOC of the storage battery 31 of each vehicle 30 (ECU 32) (such as business vehicles owned by a company or other organization, or vehicles provided by a car sharing service operated in a local area) that is managed by the SOC management server 200, and manages the received information in vehicle SOC management information 211.

[0036] 4A shows an example of the vehicle-specific SOC management information 211. As shown in the figure, the illustrated vehicle-specific SOC management information 211 is composed of one or more records having the items of a vehicle ID 411 and a SOC 412. One record of the vehicle-specific SOC management information 211 corresponds to one vehicle 30.

[0037] Of the above items, the vehicle ID 411 stores an identifier of the vehicle 30 (hereinafter referred to as "vehicle ID"). The SOC 412 stores the current SOC value (%) of the storage battery 31 of the vehicle 30 acquired for the storage battery 31.

[0038] Returning to Fig. 3, the vehicle use reservation management unit 225 accepts a reservation for use of the vehicle 30 (including information specifying the intention to use, the planned period of use, etc.) and manages the accepted reservation for use as vehicle use reservation information 212. The vehicle use reservation management unit 225 accepts a reservation for use from a user of the vehicle 30 via, for example, the communication network 5. The user makes a reservation for use by operating a communication terminal (such as a smartphone, tablet, or personal computer) connected to the communication network 5.

[0039] 4B shows an example of the vehicle use reservation information 212. As shown in the figure, the illustrated vehicle use reservation information 212 is composed of one or more records having each of the items of a vehicle ID 421, a user ID 422, and a planned use period 423. One record of the vehicle use reservation information 212 corresponds to one use reservation of one vehicle 30.

[0040] Of the above items, the vehicle ID 421 stores a vehicle ID. The user ID 422 stores a user ID that is an identifier for the user. The planned usage period 423 stores the usage start date and time and usage end date and time of the vehicle 30. The vehicle usage reservation information 212 may also include history information related to past usage reservations and usage records for each vehicle 30.

[0041] Returning to Figure 3, the power price information management unit 230 periodically acquires power price information (e.g., spot market prices, including time-series power price information for at least the current day and the next day) from the information providing server 7 and the supply and demand adjustment server 100, and manages the acquired power price information as power price information 213.

[0042] 4C shows an example of the power price information 213. The horizontal axis of the illustrated power price information 213 is time, and the vertical axis is the power price (yen) per unit power amount (1 kWh). The illustrated graph shows the time series change in the power price.

[0043] Returning to FIG. 3, the renewable energy surplus power prediction information management unit 235 acquires renewable energy surplus power prediction information from the information providing server 7 at any time, and manages the acquired renewable energy surplus power prediction information as renewable energy surplus power prediction information 214.

[0044] 4D shows an example of the renewable energy surplus power prediction information 214. The renewable energy surplus power prediction information 214 shown in the figure includes prediction information of time-series renewable energy surplus power (e.g., PV (Photovoltaic) surplus output) for the current day and the next day. The horizontal axis of the illustrated renewable energy surplus power prediction information 214 is time, and the vertical axis is renewable energy surplus power (kW). The illustrated graph shows the time-series transition of renewable energy surplus power.

[0045] 3, the charge / discharge plan making unit 250 makes a charge plan and a discharge plan for the storage battery 31 of each vehicle 30. As shown in the figure, the charge / discharge plan making unit 250 includes each function of a discharge possibility determination unit 251, a vehicle use reservation existence determination unit 252, a discharge plan making unit 253, a charge plan making unit 254, and a charge / discharge plan adjustment unit 255.

[0046] Among these, the discharge possibility determination unit 251 determines whether or not the storage battery 31 of the vehicle 30 can be discharged by comparing the current SOC of the vehicle 30 acquired from the vehicle SOC management information 211 with a dischargeable minimum value 215 (e.g., 50%). The dischargeable minimum value 215 is determined by the SOC management server 200 or an operator of the SOC management server 200 based on the above-mentioned SOC determination consideration information, for example.

[0047] The vehicle reservation determination unit 252 determines whether or not the vehicle 30 has currently been reserved, based on the vehicle reservation information 212 .

[0048] The discharge plan creation unit 253 creates a discharge plan for each vehicle 30 so that the SOC of the storage battery 31 becomes a SOC lower limit value 217 (e.g., 20%) while taking into account the discharge efficiency of the discharge efficiency / charge efficiency 216, and manages the created plan as a charge / discharge plan 219.

[0049] The charging plan creation unit 254 creates a charging plan for each vehicle 30 so that the SOC of the storage battery 31 becomes an SOC upper limit value 218 (e.g., 80 to 100%) while taking into account the charging efficiency of the discharge efficiency / charging efficiency 216, and manages the created result as a charging / discharging plan 219.

[0050] The contents (discharge efficiency, charge efficiency) of the discharge efficiency / charge efficiency 216, the SOC lower limit value 217, and the SOC upper limit value 218 are set to appropriate values ​​in advance by, for example, an operator of the SOC management server.

[0051] The charge / discharge plan adjustment unit 255 adjusts (deletes charging frames or discharging frames as necessary) the specified time frames (periods (e.g., 30 minutes) obtained by dividing a day into specified time periods; hereinafter, also referred to as "frames") of the discharge plan drawn up by the discharge plan drawing up unit 253 and the charging plan drawn up by the charging plan drawing up unit 254, and updates the charge / discharge plan 219 to the adjusted content.

[0052] The adjustment command receiving unit 260 receives an adjustment command (DR, etc.) sent from the supply and demand adjustment server 100 via the communication network 5, and manages the received adjustment command as an adjustment command 220.

[0053] The charge / discharge control unit 270 controls charging or discharging of the storage battery 31 of each vehicle 30 according to the adjusted charge / discharge plan 219. Specifically, the charge / discharge control unit 270 transmits to each vehicle 30 a control instruction to charge or discharge the storage battery 31 according to the charge / discharge plan 219 of each vehicle 30. Furthermore, when the charge / discharge control unit 270 receives an adjustment command 220 from the supply and demand adjustment server 100, the charge / discharge control unit 270 transmits to each vehicle 30 a control instruction to charge or discharge the storage battery 31 according to the adjustment command 220. The operator or the like of the SOC management server 200 can set in the SOC management server 200 which of the charge / discharge plan 219 and the adjustment command 220 is to be given priority when transmitting a control instruction to each vehicle 30 to charge or discharge the storage battery 31.

[0054] 5 is a block diagram illustrating main functions of the ECU 32 mounted on the vehicle 30. As shown in the figure, the ECU 32 has the following functions: a storage unit 310, a storage battery information acquisition unit 325, a storage battery information transmission unit 327, a charge / discharge control instruction reception unit 330, and a charge / discharge control unit 335.

[0055] Of these, the storage unit 110 stores storage battery information 311. The storage battery information 311 includes various information acquired in real time from the storage battery 31 (presence or absence of connection to the power supply device 20, a vehicle ID, an identifier of the connected power supply device 20, a storage battery ID, an accumulated usage time of the storage battery 31, a maximum capacity of the storage battery 31, a charging voltage or a discharging voltage of the storage battery 31, a SOC of the storage battery 31, etc.).

[0056] The storage battery information acquisition unit 325 acquires the above-mentioned various information from the charge / discharge control device 33 of each vehicle 30 , and manages the acquired information as storage battery information 311 .

[0057] The storage battery information transmission unit 327 transmits the real-time content of the storage battery information 311 to the supply and demand adjustment server 100 and the SOC management server 200 .

[0058] The charge / discharge control instruction receiving unit 330 receives control instructions for charging or discharging the storage battery 31 sent from the supply and demand adjusting server 100 or the SOC management server 200 .

[0059] The charge / discharge control unit 335 controls charging or discharging of the storage battery 31 in accordance with the control instruction received from the charge / discharge control instruction receiving unit 330 .

[0060] 6 is a flowchart for explaining a process (hereinafter referred to as "charge and discharge plan creation process S600") performed by the charge and discharge plan creation unit 250 of the SOC management server 200 regarding creation of a charge and discharge plan for the storage battery 31 of each vehicle 30. Hereinafter, the charge and discharge plan creation process S600 will be explained with reference to the same figure.

[0061] The charge / discharge plan creation process S600 is performed individually for each vehicle 30 that is under the management of the SOC management server 200.

[0062] It is also assumed that the minimum dischargeable value 215, the discharge efficiency / charge efficiency 216, the SOC lower limit value 217, and the SOC upper limit value 218 are set to appropriate values ​​in advance.

[0063] At the start of the charge / discharge plan formulation process S600, the vehicle SOC management information 211, the vehicle use reservation information 212, the power price information 213, and the renewable energy surplus power prediction information 214 are assumed to have been updated to the latest information.

[0064] The charge / discharge plan formulation process S600 is executed at a preset timing such as every predetermined time (for example, any time after the spot market price is determined, for example, after 17:00 on the same day, etc.).

[0065] In addition, when a new reservation for use of the vehicle 30 is made (when the vehicle use reservation information 212 is updated), the charge / discharge plan creation process S600 is executed again based on the latest vehicle use reservation information 212.

[0066] In the following description, it is assumed that the discharge power and charge power per unit of the storage battery 31 are set in advance.

[0067] In the following description, it is assumed that the lowest dischargeable value 215, the SOC lower limit value 217, and the SOC upper limit value 218 have the following relationship. SOC lower limit 217 < minimum dischargeable value 215 ≦ SOC upper limit 218 Formula 1

[0068] As shown in the figure, first, the discharge possibility determination unit 251 of the charge / discharge plan creation unit 250 determines whether or not the current SOC of the storage battery 31 of the vehicle 30, which is acquired from the vehicle-specific SOC management information 211, is less than the dischargeable minimum value 215 (whether or not the SOC of the storage battery 31 has a margin sufficient to allow discharge) (S611). If the current SOC of the storage battery 31 of the vehicle 30 is equal to or greater than the dischargeable minimum value 215 (S611: NO), the process proceeds to S612, and if the current SOC of the storage battery 31 of the vehicle 30 is less than the dischargeable minimum value 215 (S611: YES), the process proceeds to S631.

[0069] In S612, the vehicle use reservation existence determination unit 252 of the charge / discharge plan creation unit 250 refers to the vehicle use reservation information 212 and determines whether or not a use reservation is currently made for the vehicle 30 of the storage battery 31. If there is currently no use reservation (S612: NO), the process proceeds to S613, and if there is currently a use reservation (S612: YES), the process proceeds to S631 in order to reliably accommodate the use reservation.

[0070] The process from S613 to S617 is a process related to the formulation of a discharge plan for the storage battery 31, and is a loop process that is repeatedly performed so that the SOC of the storage battery 31 becomes the SOC lower limit value 217.

[0071] First, in S614, the discharge plan formulation unit 253 of the charge / discharge plan formulation unit 250 sets one frame of a discharge plan for the period from the present to the next day, and reflects it in the charge / discharge plan 219. The discharge plan formulation unit 253 refers to the power price information 213 and sets the one frame so that the power selling price (for example, the spot market price) is as high as possible (selecting with priority the frame with the higher power selling price).

[0072] Next, the discharge plan formulation unit 253 calculates the SOC of the storage battery 31 after discharging the storage battery 31 according to the discharge plan set in S614 from the following formula (S615). Note that the discharged power amount in the following formula is the discharged power amount for one frame. SOC after discharge = SOC before discharge - discharged power / discharge efficiency Equation 2

[0073] Next, the discharge plan creation unit 253 judges whether the SOC after discharge calculated by the above formula is equal to or less than the SOC lower limit value 217 (S616). If the SOC after discharge exceeds (is greater than) the SOC lower limit value 217 (S616: NO), the process returns to S614. On the other hand, if the SOC after discharge is equal to or less than the SOC lower limit value 217 (S616: YES), the process exits the loop and then proceeds to S631 (i.e., the process starts to charge the SOC of the storage battery 31 up to the SOC upper limit value 218 so as not to affect the use of the vehicle 30). When exiting the loop, the discharge plan creation unit 253 shortens the period of one frame set immediately before in S614 so that the SOC after discharge becomes exactly the SOC lower limit value 217.

[0074] As described above, the power of the storage battery 31 can be discharged (sold) to the power grid 3, and the SOC of the storage battery 31 can be set to the SOC lower limit value 217, so that the power of the storage battery 31 can be discharged to the power grid 3 within a range that does not affect the use of the vehicle 30. Also, by preferentially selecting a time frame with a high power selling price (a time frame during which the power of the power grid 3 is insufficient), it is possible to contribute to adjusting the supply and demand balance of the power grid 3. Also, by discharging the storage battery 31, it is possible to provide the benefit of compensation for the power sale to the party that provides the storage battery 31 of the vehicle 30 as a resource for adjusting the supply and demand balance of the power grid 3.

[0075] Next, the processes from S631 to S635 shown in the same figure are processes related to planning a charging plan for the storage battery 31, and are loop processes that are repeatedly performed so that the SOC of the storage battery 31 reaches the SOC upper limit value 218 (for example, fully charged (SOC = 100%), the SOC required for use of the vehicle 30).

[0076] First, in S632, the charging plan creation unit 254 of the charging plan creation unit 250 sets one frame of a charging plan for the period from the present to the next day, and reflects it in the charging plan 219. The charging plan creation unit 254 refers to the power price information 213 and sets the one frame so that the power purchase price (for example, the spot market price) is as low as possible (selecting preferentially a frame with a low (cheap) power purchase price). In addition, when there are multiple frames with the same power purchase price, the charging plan creation unit 254 preferentially selects a frame with a large amount of renewable energy surplus power ascertained from the renewable energy surplus power prediction information 214.

[0077] Next, the charging plan creation unit 254 calculates the SOC of the storage battery 31 after the storage battery 31 is charged according to the charging plan set in S631, using the following formula: The amount of charging power in the following formula is the amount of charging power for one frame. SOC after charging = SOC before charging + charging energy amount × charging efficiency Formula 3

[0078] Next, the charging plan creation unit 254 determines whether the SOC after charging calculated by the above formula is equal to or greater than the SOC upper limit 218 (S634). If the SOC after charging is less than the SOC upper limit 218 (S634: NO), the process returns to S632. On the other hand, if the SOC after charging is equal to or greater than the SOC upper limit 218 (S634: YES), the process exits from the loop. Thereafter, the process proceeds to S651. When exiting the loop, the charging plan creation unit 254 shortens the period of one frame set immediately before in S632, for example, so that the SOC after charging becomes exactly the SOC upper limit 218.

[0079] According to the above, the SOC of the storage battery 31 can be set to the SOC upper limit value 218 before the vehicle 30 is used. In addition, by preferentially selecting a time period with a low (cheap) power purchase price (a time period during which there is surplus power in the power grid 3), it is possible to contribute to adjusting the supply and demand balance of the power grid 3.

[0080] S651 to S653 are processes for adjusting the charge / discharge plan 219 taking into consideration the economic viability and efficiency (charging efficiency, discharging efficiency) of the provider of the storage battery 31 installed in the vehicle 30 as a resource for adjusting the supply and demand balance of the power grid 3.

[0081] First, in S651, the charge / discharge plan adjustment unit 255 of the charge / discharge plan formulation unit 250 determines whether or not the charge / discharge plan 219 set in the processes up to this point satisfies the following formula.

[0082]

number

[0083] If the charge / discharge plan 219 does not satisfy the above formula (S651: NO), the process proceeds to S652. On the other hand, if the charge / discharge plan 219 satisfies the above formula (S651: YES), the loop process ends, and the charge / discharge plan formulation process S600 ends.

[0084] In S652, the charge / discharge plan adjustment unit 255 deletes one frame with the lowest (cheapest) power selling price from among the frames for discharging (frames for selling power).

[0085] In S653, the charge / discharge plan adjustment unit 255 selects and deletes the frames for charging (frames for purchasing electricity) in order of the highest electricity purchase price by an amount equivalent to the amount of charging electricity calculated from the following formula. After that, the process returns to S651.

[0086] Charged energy to be deleted = discharged energy of deleted frame / (charge efficiency x discharge efficiency) ...Formula 5

[0087] The SOC management server 200 repeatedly executes the charge / discharge plan creation process S600 every time a new reservation for use of each vehicle 30 is made (every time the vehicle use reservation information 212 is updated), and re-creates the charge / discharge plan 219 according to the latest reservation status so that the SOC of the storage battery 31 is controlled without affecting the use of each vehicle 30. Then, the charge / discharge control unit 270 shown in Fig. 3 controls the charge / discharge of the storage battery 31 of each vehicle 30 according to the charge / discharge plan 219 created as described above.

[0088] 7A and 7B show examples (conceptual diagrams) of control of charging and discharging the storage battery 31 by the charge and discharge control unit 270. Fig. 7A is an example of control of charging and discharging the storage battery 31 when there is no vehicle reservation for the next day (for example, when the vehicle 30 is a company car and the next day is not a business day). Fig. 7B is an example of control of charging and discharging the storage battery 31 when there is no vehicle reservation for the next day (for example, when the vehicle 30 is a company car and the next day is a business day).

[0089] As described above, according to the charge / discharge control system 1 of the present embodiment, when the storage battery 31 mounted on the vehicle 30 is utilized as a resource for adjusting the supply and demand balance of the power system 3, the charge / discharge of the storage battery 31 can be appropriately controlled so as to effectively adjust the supply and demand balance. Also, the charge / discharge of the storage battery 31 can be controlled so as to affect the use of the vehicle 30 as little as possible. Also, the charge / discharge of the storage battery 31 can be controlled in consideration of the economic efficiency of the side that provides the storage battery 31 mounted on the vehicle 30 as the resource.

[0090] <Example of information processing device> 8 is an example of a hardware configuration of an information processing device used to realize the supply and demand adjustment server 100 or the SOC management server 200. The illustrated information processing device 10 includes a processor 11, a main memory device 12, an auxiliary memory device 13, an input device 14, an output device 15, and a communication device 16. Specific examples of the information processing device 10 include personal computers, office computers, various server devices, general-purpose machines, and the like. The information processing device 10 may be realized in whole or in part using virtual information processing resources provided using a virtualization technology, such as a virtual server provided by a cloud system. The supply and demand adjustment server 100 or the SOC management server 200 may be realized using a plurality of information processing devices 10 connected to each other so as to be able to communicate with each other.

[0091] In the figure, the processor 11 is configured using, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit), an MPU (Micro Processing Unit), a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), an AI (Artificial Intelligence) chip, etc.

[0092] The main memory device 12 is a device that stores programs and data, and is, for example, a Read Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), or a non-volatile memory (Non Volatile RAM (NVRAM)).

[0093] The auxiliary storage device 13 is, for example, an SSD (Solid State Drive), a hard disk drive, an optical storage device (CD (Compact Disc), DVD (Digital Versatile Disc), etc.), a storage system, an IC card, a read / write device for a recording medium such as an SD card or an optical recording medium, a storage area of ​​a cloud server, etc. Programs and data can be read into the auxiliary storage device 13 via a recording medium reader or a communication device 16. The programs and data stored (memorized) in the auxiliary storage device 13 are read into the main storage device 12 as needed.

[0094] The input device 14 is an interface that accepts input from the outside, and is, for example, a keyboard, a mouse, a touch panel, a card reader, a pen-input tablet, a voice input device, or the like.

[0095] The output device 15 is an interface that outputs various information such as the progress of processing and the results of processing. The output device 15 is, for example, a display device (LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), a graphic card, etc.) that visualizes the various information described above, a device that converts the various information described above into voice (voice output device (speaker, etc.)), or a device that converts the various information described above into text (printer, etc.). Note that, for example, the information processing device 10 may be configured to input and output information to and from other devices via the communication device 16.

[0096] The input device 14 and the output device 15 constitute a user interface for receiving information from the user and presenting information.

[0097] The communication device 16 is a device that realizes communication (wired communication or wireless communication) with other devices via a communication infrastructure such as a communication network 5, and is configured using, for example, a NIC (Network Interface Card), a wireless communication module, a USB module, etc.

[0098] The information processing device 10 may be implemented with, for example, an operating system, a file system, a DBMS (DataBase Management System) (relational database, NoSQL, etc.), a KVS (Key-Value Store), etc.

[0099] The functions of the supply and demand adjustment server 100 and the SOC management server 200 are realized by the processor 11 of the information processing device 10 reading and executing a program stored in the main memory device 12, or by the functions of the hardware (FPGA, ASIC, AI chip, etc.) constituting the supply and demand adjustment server 100 and the SOC management server 200. The supply and demand adjustment server 100 and the SOC management server 200 store the various information (data) described above, for example, as a table of a database or a file managed by a file system.

[0100] Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above in detail, the above description is for the purpose of facilitating understanding of the present invention and does not limit the present invention. The present invention may be modified or improved without departing from the spirit thereof, and the present invention naturally includes equivalents thereof. For example, the above embodiment has been described in detail to explain the present invention in an easily understandable manner, and is not necessarily limited to those having all of the configurations described. In addition, it is possible to add, delete, or replace part of the configuration of the above embodiment with other configurations.

[0101] For example, in the above, the mechanism for controlling the charging or discharging of the storage battery 31 and the mechanism for monitoring the status of the storage battery 31 are provided on the vehicle 30 side, but these mechanisms may be provided on the power supply device 20 side, and the power supply device 20 may provide information regarding the status of the storage battery 31 to the supply and demand adjustment server 100 and the SOC management server 200, receive control instructions for charging or discharging from the supply and demand adjustment server 100 and the SOC management server 200, and control the charging or discharging of the storage battery 31 in accordance with the above control instructions. [Explanation of symbols]

[0102] 1 Charge / discharge control system, 3 Power system, 5 Communication network, 7 Information providing server, 20 Power supply device, 30 Vehicle, 31 Storage battery, 32 ECU, 33 Charge / discharge control device, 100 Supply / demand adjustment server, 111 Power supply / demand status information, 110 Memory unit, 125 Supply / demand balance adjustment unit, 200 SOC management server, 210 Memory unit, 211 Vehicle-specific SOC management information, 212 Vehicle use reservation information, 213 Power price information, 214 Renewable energy surplus power forecast information, 215 Minimum dischargeable value, 216 Discharge efficiency / charging efficiency, 217 SOC lower limit value, 218 SOC upper limit value, 219 Charge / discharge plan, 221 Vehicle-specific SOC management unit, 225 Vehicle use reservation management unit, 230 Power price information management unit, 235 Renewable energy surplus power forecast information management unit, 250 Charging and discharging plan making unit, 251 discharging possibility determination unit, 252 vehicle use reservation existence determination unit, 253 discharging plan making unit, 254 charging plan making unit, 255 charging and discharging plan adjustment unit, 260 adjustment command receiving unit, 270 charging and discharging control unit, 275 adjustment command

Claims

1. A charge / discharge control system for controlling charging / discharging of a storage battery mounted on a vehicle when the storage battery is connected to a power grid, An SOC management server which is an information processing device having a processor and a storage device; A vehicle having a storage battery and an information processing device that controls charging or discharging of the storage battery; Including, The SOC management server includes: A communication device connected to the vehicle, storing a minimum dischargeable value of the storage battery, a current SOC (State Of Charge) of the storage battery, a reservation status of the vehicle, time-series electricity price information of the power system, a lower limit SOC of the storage battery, an upper limit SOC of the storage battery, and a charge / discharge plan of the storage battery; When the current SOC of the storage battery is equal to or higher than the minimum dischargeable value and no reservation for use of the vehicle has been made, the charging and discharging plan is formulated so that the power of the storage battery is discharged to the power grid so that the SOC of the storage battery becomes the SOC lower limit value, and then the storage battery is charged with power supplied from the power grid so that the SOC of the storage battery becomes the SOC upper limit value; When the current SOC of the storage battery is less than the minimum dischargeable value, the charge / discharge plan is formulated so that the storage battery is charged with power supplied from the power grid so that the SOC of the storage battery becomes the SOC upper limit value; Controlling the storage battery in accordance with the proposed charging and discharging plan. Charge and discharge control system.

2. The charge / discharge control system according to claim 1, The SOC management server includes: The charge / discharge plan is created taking into consideration the discharge efficiency and charge efficiency of the storage battery. Charge and discharge control system.

3. The charge / discharge control system according to claim 1, The SOC management server includes: The charge / discharge plan is formulated so that the following relationship is satisfied, for each frame, which is a period obtained by dividing a day into predetermined hours. Charge and discharge control system.

4. The charge / discharge control system according to claim 1, The SOC management server includes: The charge / discharge plan is created using a frame as a unit, which is a period obtained by dividing a day into predetermined hours, the charge / discharge plan is created by preferentially selecting the period during which the power of the storage battery is discharged to the power grid, starting from the period with a high power selling price; Charge and discharge control system.

5. The charge / discharge control system according to claim 1, The SOC management server includes: The charge / discharge plan is created using a frame as a unit, which is a period obtained by dividing a day into predetermined hours, The charging and discharging plan is created by preferentially selecting the period during which the storage battery is charged with the power supplied from the power grid, starting from the period during which the power purchase price is low. Charge and discharge control system.

6. The charge / discharge control system according to claim 1, The SOC management server includes: The charge / discharge plan is created using a frame as a unit, which is a period obtained by dividing a day into predetermined hours, Further storing renewable energy surplus power forecast information, which is time-series information on surplus output of a renewable energy power generation facility; The charge / discharge plan is created by preferentially selecting the frame having a high renewable energy surplus power in the renewable energy surplus power forecast information. Charge and discharge control system.

7. A charge / discharge control method performed using a charge / discharge control system that controls charging / discharging of a storage battery mounted on a vehicle and connected to a power grid, comprising: The charge / discharge control system includes an SOC management server that is an information processing device having a processor and a storage device; A vehicle having a storage battery and an information processing device that controls charging or discharging of the storage battery; Including, The SOC management server includes: A communication device connected to the vehicle, The SOC management server, storing a minimum dischargeable value of the storage battery, a current SOC (State Of Charge) of the storage battery, a reservation status of the vehicle, time-series electricity price information of the power system, a lower limit SOC of the storage battery, an upper limit SOC of the storage battery, and a charge / discharge plan for the storage battery; creating the charge / discharge plan such that, when the current SOC of the storage battery is equal to or higher than the minimum dischargeable value and no reservation has been made for use of the vehicle, power from the storage battery is discharged to the power grid so that the SOC of the storage battery becomes the SOC lower limit value, and then the storage battery is charged with power supplied from the power grid so that the SOC of the storage battery becomes the SOC upper limit value; creating the charge / discharge plan to charge the storage battery with power supplied from the power grid so that the SOC of the storage battery becomes the SOC upper limit value when the current SOC of the storage battery is less than the minimum dischargeable value; and Controlling the storage battery in accordance with the established charge / discharge plan; A charge / discharge control method.

8. The charge / discharge control method according to claim 7, The SOC management server creates the charge / discharge plan in consideration of a discharge efficiency and a charge efficiency of the storage battery; The charge / discharge control method further comprises:

9. The charge / discharge control method according to claim 7, The SOC management server creates the charge / discharge plan so that the following relationship is satisfied, for each frame, which is a period obtained by dividing a day into predetermined hours: The charge / discharge control method further comprises:

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