Wooden structure

Abstract

To provide a wooden structure which can be easily constructed with lightweight members while securing high rigidity.SOLUTION: A wooden structure 1 comprises: at least a pair of woody columns 10A extending in a vertical direction; and a woody beam 20, a floor beam 30 and intermediate beams 40, 41 for connecting the pair of columns 10A each other. A panel material 50 is provided between the pair of columns 10A, and upper and lower ends of the panel material 50 are provided with: the beam 20; the floor beam 30; and the intermediate beams 40, 41. Each column 10A comprises: four vertical shaft materials 11 extending in a vertical direction; and a vertical binding material 12 interposed between the vertical shaft materials 11. The beam 20, the floor beam 30 and the intermediate beams 40, 41 comprise: four horizontal shaft materials 22 extending in a horizontal direction; and horizontal binding materials 23 each interposed between the horizontal shaft materials 22. The columns 10A and the panel material 50, and the beam 20, the floor beam 30, the intermediate beams 40, 41 and the panel material 50 are joined with bolts 61 and nuts 62.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a wooden structure having wooden columns and wooden beams. [Background technology]

[0002] 2. Description of the Related Art A column-beam joint structure in which a wooden column and a wooden beam are joined has been proposed (see Patent Documents 1 and 2). Patent Document 1 shows a column-beam joint structure in which a column and a beam are joined. In this column-beam joint structure, the column has a column-inside wooden board, a pair of column-outside wooden boards sandwiching the column-inside wooden board from both sides, and a pair of column-outermost wooden boards sandwiching each of the column-outside wooden boards together with the column-inside wooden board. The beam has a beam-inside wooden board, and a pair of beam-outside wooden boards sandwiching the beam-inside wooden board from both sides.

[0003] Patent Document 2 shows a wooden rigid frame moment resisting structure in which a column laminated timber and a beam laminated timber are fixed so as to be perpendicular to each other. The column laminated timber is made by laminating and stacking a plurality of column laminas, each having a projection and a valley alternately formed in the width direction at its end. The beam laminated timber is made by laminating and stacking a plurality of beam laminas, each having a projection and a valley alternately formed in its end. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] JP 2020-79545 A [Patent Document 2] JP 2018-159251 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] An object of the present invention is to provide a wooden framework that can be easily constructed using lightweight members while ensuring high rigidity. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] Conventionally, wooden structures have been constructed using large-section lumber for wooden columns and wooden beams, but the inventors have developed a wooden structure that uses sets of four small-section wooden shafts joined together with splices as wooden columns and beams. Furthermore, the inventors have placed wooden surface materials (panel materials, wooden bracing materials with flat surfaces) in a column-beam structure that combines wooden columns and wooden beams, and have realized a highly rigid wooden structure by joining the wooden columns and wooden surface materials, and the wooden beams and wooden surface materials with mortise and tenon joints, dowel joints, adhesives, or connecting metal fittings. The first aspect of the present invention (for example, wooden structure 1, 1A described later) is a wooden structure comprising at least a pair of wooden columns (for example, column 10A described later) extending in the vertical direction, and wooden beams (for example, beam 20, floor beam 30, intermediate beams 40, 41 described later) connecting the pair of wooden columns, in which a wooden surface material (for example, panel material 50 described later, wooden bracing material with a flat surface) is provided between the pair of wooden columns, and the wooden beams are provided at the upper and lower ends of the wooden surface material, and the wooden columns are provided with four vertical shaft members (for example, vertical shaft member 11 described later) extending in the vertical direction, and between the vertical shaft members, and vertical spanners (e.g., vertical spanners 12 described below) that are interposed to join the vertical shaft members together, and the wooden beams are equipped with four horizontal shaft members (e.g., horizontal shaft member 22 described below) extending horizontally, and horizontal spanners (e.g., horizontal spanners 23 described below) that are interposed between the horizontal shaft members to join the horizontal shaft members together, and the wooden columns and the wooden surface members, and the wooden beams and the wooden surface members are joined by at least one of mortise and tenon joints, dowel joints, adhesives, and connecting hardware that passes through the spanners (e.g., bolts 61 and nuts 62 described below).

[0007] According to this invention, by joining wooden columns or wooden beams to wooden paneling with at least one of mortise and tenon joints, dowel joints, adhesives, and connecting metal fittings, the wooden paneling can be firmly joined to the wooden columns or wooden beams. Furthermore, by placing wooden paneling within a column-beam structure that combines these wooden columns and wooden beams, a highly rigid wooden structure can be realized. In addition, the axis and the connecting members are small-section wood, so they are lightweight, and it is possible to construct columns and beams by manually combining the axis and the connecting members even indoors where heavy machinery cannot be used. In addition, the axis and the connecting members can be easily reused, and construction is easy.

[0008] In the wooden structure of the second invention, the wooden surface material is provided at two or more height positions among the upper end, middle part, and lower end of the wooden column, surrounded by the wooden column and the wooden beam.

[0009] According to this invention, in a column-beam structure combining wooden columns and wooden beams, wooden paneling is provided at two or more height positions among the upper end, middle portion, and lower end of the wooden columns, thereby realizing a more rigid wooden structure. In addition, by appropriately adjusting the installation height of the wooden paneling in accordance with how the indoor space is used, it is possible to increase the freedom of interior design while maintaining high rigidity.

[0010] In the wooden structure of the third invention, the vertical spanners and the horizontal spanners are also arranged inside the joints between the wooden columns and the wooden beams.

[0011] According to this invention, vertical braces that stiffen the wooden columns and horizontal braces that stiffen the wooden beams are placed inside the joints (column-beam joints) between the wooden columns and wooden beams, thereby increasing the shear strength and rigidity of the column-beam joints and realizing a highly rigid wooden structure. Effect of the Invention

[0012] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a wooden structure that can be easily constructed using lightweight members while ensuring high rigidity. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0013] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a building structure including a wooden frame according to a first embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 2]FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the part of the building structure shown in FIG. 1 surrounded by a two-dot chain line A. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the part (wooden frame) enclosed by the two-dot chain line B of the building structure in FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a portion of the building structure shown in FIG. 2 surrounded by a dashed line C. [Diagram 5] 3 is a perspective view of a portion surrounded by dashed lines D and E of the building structure in FIG. 2. [Figure 6] FF and GG cross-sectional views of the wooden frame of FIG. 3. [Figure 7] FIG. 4 is a HH cross-sectional view of the wooden frame of FIG. 3. [Figure 8] 1A to 1C are diagrams showing joint structures between a wooden panel and a wooden column according to first and second modified examples of the present invention. [Figure 9] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the structure of a wood panel according to a third modified example of the present invention. [Figure 10] FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a mobile building including a wooden frame according to a second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11] FIG. 1 shows a standard type test specimen used in an in-plane shear test. [Figure 12] FIG. 1 shows a lightweight frame-type specimen used for in-plane shear testing. [Figure 13] FIG. 1 shows a waist-height type test specimen used in an in-plane shear test. [Figure 14] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the load-displacement relationship (envelope curve) of each test specimen. [Figure 15] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing characteristic values ​​of each test specimen. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0014] This invention relates to a wooden structure in which four small-section wooden shafts are combined into a set, and these shafts are joined together with connecting material to form wooden columns and wooden beams. Wooden panel materials (panel materials, wooden diagonal braces with flat surfaces) are placed within a column-beam structure that combines wooden columns and wooden beams, and the wooden columns and wooden panel materials are joined together. Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description of the embodiments, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted or simplified. [First embodiment] Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a building structure 2 including a wooden frame 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a part of the building structure 2 surrounded by a two-dot chain line A in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a part of the building structure 2 surrounded by a two-dot chain line B in Fig. 1 (wooden frame 1).

[0015] The building structure 2 is fixed onto a floor surface 3. This building structure 2 includes wooden columns 10 provided on the floor surface 3, wooden beams 20 connecting the column capitals of the columns 10 and extending in the longitudinal direction, wooden beams 21 connecting the column capitals of the columns 10 and extending in the inter-beam direction, wooden floor beams 30 connecting the column bases of the columns 10 and extending in the longitudinal direction, and wooden floor beams 31 connecting the column bases of the columns 10 and extending in the inter-beam direction. Specifically, adjacent columns 10 in the longitudinal direction are connected to each other by beams 20 and floor beams 30. Adjacent columns 10 in the span direction are connected to each other by beams 21 and floor beams 31.

[0016] The wooden frame 1 is a part of the building structure 2, and includes a pair of adjacent columns 10A, a beam 20 and a floor beam 30 connecting the column heads and column bases of the pair of columns 10A, upper and lower wooden intermediate beams 40, 41 connecting the middle heights of the pair of columns 10A, a waist wall 51 constructed by attaching a panel material 50 as a wooden surface material to the part surrounded by the columns 10A, the floor beam 30, and the lower intermediate beam 40, and a vertical wall 52 constructed by attaching a panel material 50 as a wooden surface material to the part surrounded by the columns 10A, the beam 20, and the upper intermediate beam 41. In other words, the waist wall 51 is provided at the height position of the lower end of the column 10A, and the vertical wall 52 is provided at the height position of the upper end of the column 10A.

[0017] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a portion of the building structure 2 in FIG. 2 surrounded by a dashed line C. In FIG. 4, the vertical spanners 12 and horizontal spanners 23 are omitted for ease of understanding. FIG. 5(a) is a perspective view of a portion of the building structure 2 in FIG. 2 surrounded by a dashed line D. FIG. 5(b) is a perspective view of a portion of the building structure 2 in FIG. 2 surrounded by a dashed line E. FIG. 6(a) is an FF cross-sectional view of the wooden structure 1 in FIG. 3. FIG. 6(b) is a GG cross-sectional view of the wooden structure 1 in FIG. 3. FIG. 7 is an HH cross-sectional view of the wooden structure 1 in FIG. 3.

[0018] 5(a), the pillar 10 includes four vertical shaft members 11 extending in the vertical direction and vertical span members 12 interposed between the four vertical shaft members 11 to join the vertical shaft members 11. The vertical span members 12 are provided over the entire length of the pillar 10. 5(b), the beams 20, 21, floor beams 30, 31, and intermediate beams 40, 41 are configured to include four horizontal shaft members 22 extending horizontally, and horizontal span members 23 that are interposed between the horizontal shaft members 22 and join the horizontal shaft members 22 together. The horizontal span members 23 are provided over the entire length of the beams 20, 21, floor beams 30, 31, and intermediate beams 40, 41.

[0019] At the joints between the column 10 and the beams 20, 21, floor beams 30, 31, and intermediate beams 40, 41, the four vertical shaft members 11 of the column 10 are arranged so as to sandwich two of the four horizontal shaft members 22 of the beams 20, 21, floor beams 30, 31, and intermediate beams 40, 41 in the horizontal direction. Also, the four horizontal shaft members 22 of the beams 20, 21, floor beams 30, 31, and intermediate beams 40, 41 are arranged so as to sandwich two of the four vertical shaft members 11 of the column 10 in the horizontal direction. Also, the vertical struts 12 and horizontal struts 23 are arranged inside the joints between the column 10 and the beams 20, 21, floor beams 30, 31, and intermediate beams 40, 41.

[0020] Specifically, for example, as shown in Fig. 4, at the joint between the column 10 and the beams 20, 21, the four vertical shaft members 11 of the column 10 sandwich two of the four horizontal shaft members 22 of the beams 20, 21 in the horizontal direction. In addition, the four horizontal shaft members 22 of the beams 20, 21 sandwich two of the four vertical shaft members 11 of the column 10 in the horizontal direction.

[0021] As shown in Figures 6 and 7, the panel material 50 includes a rectangular frame material 53 and a pair of plate materials 54 attached to both sides of the frame material 53. As shown in Figure 6(a), the panel material 50 and the column 10A are bolted together. That is, the end of the panel material 50 is interposed between the vertical shaft members 11 constituting the column 10A, and a through hole 60 is formed that penetrates the vertical shaft members 11 of the column 10A and the panel material 50. A bolt 61 serving as a connecting hardware is inserted into the through hole 60, and a nut 62 serving as a connecting hardware is tightened, thereby fixing the panel material 50 to the column 10A. As shown in Fig. 6(b), the panel material 50 is joined to the beam 20 and floor beam 30 via a square material 55. As shown in Fig. 7, the panel material 50 is joined directly to the intermediate beams 40, 41 without the interposition of a square material 55. Although not shown, the panel material 50 is also joined to the beam 20, floor beam 30, and intermediate beams 40, 41 with bolts.

[0022] In this embodiment, the panel material 50 and the column 10A are joined by bolts, but this is not limited to this, and they may be joined by mortise and tenon joints. That is, as shown in Fig. 8(a), a protrusion 63 is formed on the frame material 53 of the panel material 50, and a recess 64 into which the protrusion 63 fits is formed on the vertical shaft material 11 of the column 10A. The protrusion 63 of the frame material 53 fits into the recess 64 of the vertical shaft material 11, thereby joining the panel material 50 and the column 10A. This is not limited to this, and a protrusion may be provided on the vertical shaft material 11, and a recess into which the protrusion fits may be provided on the frame material 53.

[0023] 8(b), the panel material 50 and the pillar 10A may be joined by dowel joints. That is, a recess 65 is formed in the frame material 53 of the panel material 50, and a recess 66 is formed in the vertical shaft material 11 of the pillar 10A so as to face the recess 65. The panel material 50 and the pillar 10A are joined by fitting a dowel material 67 into the recess 65 of the frame material 53 and the recess 65 of the vertical shaft material 11. In addition, the panel material 50 and the beams 20, floor beams 30, and intermediate beams 40, 41 may be joined by mortise and tenon joints or dowel joints instead of bolt joints.

[0024] In addition, in this embodiment, the panel material 50 is composed of a frame material 53 and a pair of plate materials 54, but this is not limited to this, and it may also be composed of a pair of rectangular frame materials 56 and a single plate material 57 sandwiched between the pair of frame materials 56, as shown in Figure 9. In addition, in this embodiment, the vertical stringers 12 are provided over the entire length of the pillars 10, but this is not limited thereto, and the vertical stringers 12 may be provided only at predetermined positions on the pillars 10. In addition, in this embodiment, the horizontal spanners 23 are provided along the entire length of the beams 20, 21, floor beams 30, 31, and intermediate beams 40, 41, but this is not limited to the above, and the horizontal spanners 23 may be provided only at designated positions of the beams 20, 21, floor beams 30, 31, and intermediate beams 40, 41.

[0025] According to this embodiment, the following effects are obtained. (1) By joining the column 10A and the beams 20, 30, 40, and 41 to the panel material 50 with the bolts 61 and nuts 62, the panel material 50 can be firmly joined to the column 10A and the beams 20, 30, 40, and 41. Furthermore, by arranging the panel material 50 within a column-beam structure combining the columns 10A and beams 20, 30, 40, and 41, a highly rigid wooden structure 1 can be realized. In addition, the axis members 11, 22 and the connecting members 12, 23 are lightweight because they are made of wood with a small cross section, and even indoors where heavy machinery cannot be used, it is possible to manually combine the axis members and the connecting members to construct the columns 10 and beams 20, 30, 40, 41. Furthermore, the axis members 11, 22 and the connecting members 12, 23 can be easily reused, making construction easy.

[0026] (2) Since the panel materials 50 are provided at the upper and lower ends of the column-beam structure that combines the column 10A and the wooden beams 20, 30, a wooden structure 1 with higher rigidity can be realized. Furthermore, by appropriately adjusting the installation height of the panel material 50 in accordance with the usage pattern of the indoor space, it is possible to improve the freedom of interior design while maintaining high rigidity. (3) By placing vertical spanners 12 that stiffen the column 10 and horizontal spanners 23 that stiffen the beams 20, 21, 30, 31, 40, 41 inside the joints (column-beam joints) between the column 10 and the beams 20, 21, 30, 31, 40, 41, the shear strength and rigidity of the column-beam joints can be increased, and a highly rigid wooden structure 1 can be realized.

[0027] (4) The columns 10 and 10A are laminated columns formed by joining four vertical shaft members 11 together with vertical span members 12, which can increase the rigidity and buckling strength of the columns. The beams 20, 21, 30, 31, 40, and 41 are laminated openwork beams formed by joining four horizontal shaft members 22 together with horizontal span members 23, which can increase the rigidity of the beams. In addition, the beams 20, 21, 30, 31, 40, 41 are formed not using solid lumber, but by interposing horizontal span members 23 between four horizontal shaft members 22, so that the height of the beam cross section (beam depth) can be increased and the span length of the beam can be lengthened. In addition, at the joints between the vertical shaft 11 and the vertical spanner 12 and between the horizontal shaft 22 and the horizontal spanner 23, the shafts 11 and 22, which are small-section wood pieces, are joined together to form a large cross section, ensuring rigidity and high joint strength. This increases the resistance to bending moments. In this way, in the present invention, wooden columns 10, 10A consisting of four vertical axis members 11 and vertical span members 12 and wooden beams 20, 21, 30, 31, 40, 41 consisting of four horizontal axis members 22 and horizontal span members 23 are crossed in two or three directions and strongly interlocked to construct a wooden frame 1. Also, wooden columns 10, 10A and wooden beams 20, 21, 30, 31, 40, 41 can be manufactured by joining axis members 11, 22, which are small-section commercially available lumber, with span members 12, 23, eliminating the need for advanced sawing technology and allowing them to be manufactured at sawmills that do not have special wood processing machines.

[0028] Second Embodiment FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a mobile building 4 including a wooden frame 1A according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The mobile building 4 of this embodiment can be moved by being towed by a vehicle, and includes a dolly 5 equipped with wheels and a building section 6 including a wooden frame 1A constructed on the dolly. The building section 6 is, for example, 1510 mm wide × 2390 mm long × 2250 mm high. The wooden frame 1A of the present invention is provided in the building section 6 to ensure visibility from inside when seated. In other words, vertical walls and waist walls are provided between the columns as load-bearing elements, leaving the middle of the walls open. The pillars and beams are 90mm x 90mm square, and the axis of the pillars and beams is 30mm x 30mm. The thickness of the panel is 30mm, the frame is 30mm x 24mm, and the thickness of the plate is 3mm, and the plate is glued to the frame. The panel, pillars, and plate are fixed with φ6mm wooden dowels. According to this embodiment, the same effects as those (1) to (3) described above are obtained.

[0029] [In-plane shear test] An in-plane shear test was carried out on the wooden frame of the first embodiment described above. Three types of specimens used in the in-plane shear test are shown in Fig. 11 to Fig. 13. Fig. 11 shows a standard type specimen a), Fig. 12 shows a lightweight frame type specimen b), and Fig. 13 shows a waist-high type specimen c). The standard type test specimen had a vertical wall at the top of the column-beam structure and a spandrel wall at the bottom of the structure, with a height (dimension between the top and bottom beam centers) of 520 mm, and the columns and beams had solid cross sections with spanners installed along their entire length. The spanners and shafts were joined with wooden dowels using adhesive. The lightweight frame type test specimen was designed to be lightweight by placing braces at specified intervals in areas other than the column base where the HD metal fittings were installed. The waist-wall type test specimen had a waist-wall height of 740 mm, which reduced the opening height by 200 mm compared to the standard type test specimen.

[0030] The test method was to fix the column base of the specimen and repeatedly apply in-plane force to the column head. The force was applied three times with alternating positive and negative forces. The apparent shear deformation angle was 1 / 450, 1 / 300, 1 / 200, 1 / 150, 1 / 100, 1 / 75, and 1 / 50 rad.

[0031] The results of the in-plane shear tests are shown in Figures 14 and 15. Figure 14 shows the load-displacement relationship (envelope curve) of each test specimen. The lightweight frame type had a lower initial stiffness K and a smaller maximum strength Pmax compared to the standard type. On the other hand, the waist-high type had a smaller opening and a shorter bending length of the column, so overall K was improved compared to the standard type, but because the failure location was the same, the maximum strength Pmax was roughly the same. Figure 15 shows the characteristic values ​​of each test specimen. For all test specimens, the wall factor was determined by the strength at 1 / 120rad, and was 1.56 times, 0.93 times, and 2.05 times for the standard type, light frame type, and waist-high wall type, respectively. The reason the wall factor was determined by the strength at 1 / 120rad is thought to be because the bending deformation of the columns at the opening position was the main cause, lowering the rigidity of the wall as a whole. For the standard type and waist-high wall type, the target wall factor of 1.0 times was met.

[0032] The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and modifications and improvements within the scope of the present invention that can achieve the object of the present invention are included in the present invention. For example, in the above embodiment, panel material 50 (plate material 54, plate material 57) is provided as a wooden surface material in the area surrounded by column 10A and beams 20, 30, 40, 41, but this is not limiting, and a wooden brace material having a flat surface may be used as the wooden surface material. In this case, the flat surface of the wooden brace material is inserted between the vertical shaft members of the column or between the horizontal shaft members of the beam to join them. [Explanation of symbols]

[0033] 1, 1A...Wood frame 2...Building structure 3...Floor surface 4...Mobile building 5...Cart 6...Building section 10, 10A... Pillar (wooden pillar) 11... Vertical shaft member 12... Vertical span member 20, 21...Beam (wooden beam) 22...Horizontal axis member 23...Horizontal span member 30, 31...Floor beams (wooden beams) 40...Lower intermediate beam (wooden beam) 41...Upper intermediate beam (wooden beam) 50...Panel material (wooden surface material) 51...Wall wall 52...Vertical wall 53...Frame material 54...Board material 55...Square material 56...Frame material 57...Board material 60...Through hole 61...Bolt (connecting hardware) 62...Nut (connecting hardware) 63: protrusion; 64: recess; 65: recess; 66: recess; 67: dowel material

Claims

1. A wooden structure comprising at least a pair of wooden columns extending in a vertical direction and a wooden beam connecting the pair of wooden columns, A wooden surface material is provided between the pair of wooden columns, The wooden beams are provided at the upper and lower ends of the wooden surface material, The wooden pole comprises four vertical shaft members extending in the vertical direction, and vertical spanners interposed between the vertical shaft members to join the vertical shaft members, The wooden beam includes four horizontal shaft members extending horizontally, and horizontal spanners interposed between the horizontal shaft members to join the horizontal shaft members, A wooden structure characterized in that the wooden columns and the wooden paneling, and the wooden beams and the wooden paneling are joined by at least one of mortise and tenon joints, dowel joints, adhesives, and connecting metal fittings that pass through the joining materials.

2. The wooden structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the wooden surface material is provided at two or more height positions among the upper end, middle portion, and lower end of the wooden column surrounded by the wooden column and the wooden beam.

3. 3. The wooden structure according to claim 1, wherein the vertical spanners and the horizontal spanners are also arranged inside the joints between the wooden columns and the wooden beams.

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