Nuclear fusion reactor superconducting magnet system

Abstract

To provide a quench diagnostic technique for a nuclear fusion reactor superconducting magnet system.SOLUTION: A nuclear fusion reactor superconducting magnet system is constituted of a superconducting magnet system 101, an integrated power supply system 102, and a quench diagnostic system 103. The superconducting magnet system 101 includes a superconducting coil module and a low-temperature refrigeration module. The integrated power supply system 102 includes a power supply module, a power supply monitoring module, and an AC / DC power distribution module connected respectively to the power supply module and the power supply monitoring module. The quench diagnostic system 103 includes a resistance voltage diagnostic module, a distributed optical fiber diagnostic module, and a voice print diagnostic module. The nuclear fusion reactor superconducting magnet system improves stability of electric power supply by using the AC / DC power distribution, and provides various quench diagnostic methods by the quench diagnostic system 103, thereby improving an accuracy degree of quench diagnosis.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of magnet technology, and in particular to a nuclear fusion reactor superconducting magnet system. [Background technology]

[0002] Currently, all fusion reactor superconducting magnet coil windings use low-temperature superconducting materials such as NbTi and Nb3Sn. Such superconducting materials have a relatively low critical magnetic field (NbTi: ~14 Tesla, Nb3Sn: ~30 Tesla), and the practical magnetic field strength is NbTi: ~6 Tesla, Nb3Sn: 12-16 Tesla, which greatly limits the magnetic field strength of fusion reactor magnets. In addition, fusion reactor superconducting magnet system structural materials mostly use 316L / LN, whose yield strength at low temperatures is ~900MPa, and the required yield strength is ~600MPa. As the operating parameters of high-power magnet systems improve, huge electromagnetic loads are generated. Since the electromagnetic load is basically borne by the structural materials, the strength of the current structural materials limits the improvement of magnet operating parameters.

[0003] The current fusion reactor superconducting magnet coil windings all adopt the primary winding structure, that is, all windings use the same superconducting material. However, in the future, the requirements for the magnetic field of the fusion reactor magnet system will be higher, for example, the maximum magnetic field strength of the CFETR TF coil will reach 15 Tesla, and the maximum magnetic field strength of the CS coil will exceed 20 Tesla. If the primary winding structure of the conventional technology is continued to be used, the coil volume will become too large, and the amount of superconducting materials and structural materials used will increase, resulting in a sharp increase in the magnet cost.

[0004] The Tokarmak superconducting magnet power supply adopted in the prior art adopts a three-phase thyristor bridge power supply structure, and according to the magnitude of the magnet rated operating current, it designs a single-bridge or double-bridge parallel mode, and according to the requirements of the magnet power supply current polarity, it has a single-polarity two-quadrant power supply and a bipolar four-quadrant power supply. The power supply method is usually 6-pulse or 12-pulse, and the output voltage and current ripple are large. The power supply only adopts parallel connection of elements, and the redundancy is low. The failure of any rectifier bridge will cause the magnet power supply to fail. At the same time, the prior art adopts a single resistance voltage quench detection method, which is not only difficult to detect signals, but also prone to electromagnetic interference, especially in the electromagnetic environment where multiple coils are strongly coupled, there will be kilovolt-level coupling background noise. At the same time, the pre-quench quench propagation of high temperature superconducting materials is very slow, starting only at the microvolt level, and it takes a long time for the quench development to reach the quench voltage diagnosis threshold, and at this time, it is basically irreversible quench. In addition, resistance voltage diagnosis requires welding the potential measurement wire directly to the conductor and drawing the high voltage directly from the device, which brings about certain risks to the insulation of the magnet and the device and is very difficult to repair. The pre-quench propagation of high-temperature superconducting magnets is slow, making it difficult for voltage diagnosis to identify early reversible quenching and quench warning cannot be performed. For large high-temperature magnets, the potential monitoring coverage is wide, making accurate quench positioning impossible, which is disadvantageous to the analysis of the cause of late quenching. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a fusion reactor superconducting magnet system, including a superconducting magnet system, an integrated power supply system, and a quench diagnostic system. the superconducting magnet system includes a superconducting coil module and a cryogenic refrigeration module, the superconducting coil module including a toroidal field coil, a poloidal field coil, and a central solenoid magnet module; The integrated power system includes a power supply module, a power supply monitoring module, and an AC / DC power distribution module respectively connected to the power supply module and the power supply monitoring module, the power supply monitoring module is connected to the quench diagnostic system, and the AC / DC power distribution module includes a DC power supply unit and an AC power supply unit; The quench diagnosis system includes a resistance voltage diagnosis module, a distributed optical fiber diagnosis module, and a voiceprint diagnosis module, the distributed optical fiber diagnosis module includes a distributed sensing optical fiber, an optical fiber separation unit, a signal processing unit, and a quench detection unit, and the voiceprint diagnosis module includes an optical signal processing unit, a voiceprint processing unit, and a quench judgment unit.

[0006] The present invention discloses a nuclear fusion reactor superconducting magnet system, which mainly includes a superconducting magnet system, an integrated power supply system, and a quench diagnostic system, the superconducting magnet system includes a superconducting coil module and a cryogenic refrigeration module, the superconducting coil module includes a toroidal field coil, a poloidal field coil, and a central solenoid magnet module, the superconducting coil is used to generate a toroidal magnetic field, confine plasma, and control the plasma configuration to break the plasma, maintain plasma current, and form energy, the integrated power supply system includes a power supply module, a power supply monitoring module, and an AC / DC power supply distribution module, the AC / DC power distribution module is used to control the plasma configuration to break the plasma, maintain plasma current, and form energy, the integrated power supply system includes a power supply module, a power supply monitoring module, and an AC / DC power supply distribution module, the AC / DC power supply distribution module is used to control the plasma configuration to break the plasma, maintain plasma current, and form energy, the integrated power supply system includes a power supply module, a power supply monitoring module, and a ... The module includes a DC power supply unit and an AC power supply unit to improve the reliability of power supply. The quench diagnosis system realizes quench detection by monitoring the superconducting magnet system voltage in real time through the traditional resistance voltage quench detection method, and the technology is mature. When a quench occurs, the quench detection can be quickly and reliably achieved. In addition, a distributed optical fiber diagnosis module and a voiceprint diagnosis module are provided to monitor local hot spot events, assist in detecting weak points of the high temperature superconducting magnet, and realize quench risk warning and evaluation in combination with the monitoring data of related thermal parameters, thereby improving the accurate quench location when a quench occurs in the superconducting magnet.

[0007] Preferably, the superconducting magnet system uses two superconducting materials, Bi2212 and ReBCO, and an N50 structural material.

[0008] In the present invention, two kinds of superconducting materials, Bi2212 and ReBCO, are introduced into the superconducting magnet system. The two kinds of superconducting materials can maintain high current density even when the magnetic field strength exceeds 20 Tesla, so that they can meet the use of fusion reactor magnets and improve the magnetic field strength of fusion reactor magnets. In addition, the superconducting magnet system uses ultra-low temperature high strength structural material N50, so that it can withstand huge electromagnetic loads and improve the parameters of magnet operation.

[0009] Preferably, the superconducting coil module uses graded mixed windings, grading the windings or coils according to the magnetic field distribution of the magnet windings, and using different types of superconducting materials according to the grading.

[0010] In the present invention, by using a graded mixed winding or mixed magnet scheme, grading the windings or coils according to the magnetic field distribution of the magnet windings, and using different superconducting materials according to the grading, the volume of the coils and the cost of the superconducting magnet system are reduced.

[0011] Preferably, the AC-DC power distribution module is configured by connecting an AC power supply unit and a DC power distribution unit in series, and uses multi-pulse AC phase shift on the AC side and constructs a pulse power supply on the DC side.

[0012] In the present invention, multi-pulse AC phase shift is used on the current side, and a 6*N pulse power supply is constructed on the DC side, which reduces the DC output voltage ripple and current ripple, improves the redundancy of the power supply system, and improves the reliability of power supply.

[0013] Preferably, the DC power supply unit includes four current transformer units CU1, CU2, CU3 and CU4, each of which adopts a modular design and has an independent control system and bypass switch, and the four current transformer units constitute four independent DC power supply modules.

[0014] The DC power supply system of the present invention consists of four current transformer units CU1, CU2, CU3 and CU4. Each current transformer unit uses a modular design and has an independent control system and bypass switch. The four current transformer units form four independent modular power supplies that work simultaneously and do not interfere with each other, improving the stability of the current.

[0015] Preferably, the DC power supply module opens the positive and negative pole disconnect switches when it detects that the current in the circuit is zero.

[0016] In the present invention, when four power modules are working simultaneously, if one module fails, the failed module can be removed from operation, and when the current of the failed module unit circuit becomes zero, the positive and negative pole disconnectors are opened, and the failure is thoroughly removed from the system. In this manner, the load current is the feedback of all modules, and when one module fails and is removed, the other three modules still feed back the load current, thereby ensuring the stability of the load current.

[0017] Preferably, the resistance voltage diagnostic module monitors the superconducting coil module in real time to obtain the voltage of the superconducting coil module and compares it with a predetermined quench protection threshold voltage to determine whether a quench has occurred in the superconducting magnet system.

[0018] In the present invention, the resistance voltage diagnosis module uses a voltage quench detection method to calculate the maximum temperature rise that the coil can tolerate, thereby calculating the quench protection threshold voltage, and realizes quench detection by monitoring the coil voltage in real time. The technology is mature, and when quench occurs, it can be detected quickly and reliably.

[0019] Preferably, the distributed optical fiber diagnosis module acquires Rayleigh scattered light generated by the distributed sensing optical fiber by performing light scattering and demodulation processing on the incident light captured by the distributed optical fiber by the optical fiber separation unit, determines a quench diagnosis range by comparing the Rayleigh scattered light with a predetermined optical frequency difference by a signal processing unit, performs quench diagnosis for the quench diagnosis range by a quench discrimination algorithm preset in the quench detection unit in accordance with the quench diagnosis range, and determines whether a quench has occurred within the current quench range.

[0020] In the present invention, the pre-installed distributed optical fiber diagnostic module demodulates the backscattered light after the incident light enters the optical fiber, because the impurities inherent in the optical fiber cause light scattering, and the distributed optical fiber diagnosis determines the positioning based on the frequency difference between the Rayleigh scattered light generated at each part of the optical fiber and the local reference light.Furthermore, the quench detection unit performs quench diagnosis on the quench diagnosis range based on a quench discrimination algorithm pre-installed in the quench detection unit, and determines whether a quench has occurred in the current quench range, thereby realizing local and accurate positioning when a quench occurs in a superconducting magnet, realizing continuous distributed measurement of the quench space, and applying to quench early warning.

[0021] Preferably, the voiceprint diagnosis module receives a voiceprint signal generated from the superconducting magnet system by an optical fiber acoustic sensor pre-installed in an optical signal processing unit, emits an optical signal based on the voiceprint signal, receives a reflected optical signal after the optical signal is Rayleigh reflected, restores the reflected optical signal to a first acoustic signal, optimizes the acoustic signal by weighting and reducing its dimension using a voiceprint analyzer pre-installed in the voiceprint processing unit according to a pre-set MFCC feature vector to obtain a second acoustic signal, identifies the second acoustic signal by a vector quantization algorithm pre-installed in the quench judgment unit, and determines whether a quench has occurred in the superconducting magnet system.

[0022] In the present invention, the acoustic wave signal is analyzed during the propagation of the optical signal, and a pre-set vector quantization algorithm is used to realize quench warning and positioning, thereby assisting in quench detection. Furthermore, due to the insulating properties and electromagnetic interference resistance of the acoustic optical fiber itself, the acoustic optical fiber can be directly attached to the surface of the superconductor to perform quench detection, without destroying the insulation of the superconductor, and the optical signal is not affected by electromagnetic interference, making it stable and reliable.

[0023] Preferably, the training process of the vector quantization algorithm includes selecting a voiceprint training set, signal processing the voiceprint training set to obtain a corresponding audio signal, processing the audio signal by the voiceprint analyzer to obtain MFCC feature vectors, variance contributions and accumulated variance contributions after dimensionality reduction optimization, and training the vector quantization algorithm based on the MFCC feature vectors, variance contributions and accumulated variance contributions.

[0024] In the present invention, the vector quantization algorithm is trained to improve the discrimination accuracy of the vector quantization algorithm, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of quench diagnosis. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0025] [Figure 1]FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a nuclear fusion reactor superconducting magnet system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 2] 2 is a flow chart of a quench detection method based on a fusion reactor superconducting magnet system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of another nuclear fusion reactor superconducting magnet system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0026] The technical means in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is obvious that the following embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and are not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments that a person skilled in the art can obtain without creative efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention are all included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0027] Example 1 According to an embodiment of the present invention, a nuclear fusion reactor superconducting magnet system is provided, the main structure of which includes a superconducting magnet system 101, an integrated power supply system 102, and a quench diagnostic system 103, as shown in FIG.

[0028] In this embodiment, the superconducting magnet system 101 includes a superconducting coil module and a cryogenic refrigerator module. The superconducting coil module includes a toroidal field coil, a poloidal field coil and a central solenoid magnet module.

[0029] The integrated power system 102 includes a power supply module, a power supply monitoring module, and an AC-DC power distribution module connected to the power supply module and the power supply monitoring module respectively. The power supply monitoring module is connected to the quench diagnostic system. The AC-DC power distribution module includes a DC power supply unit and an AC power supply unit.

[0030] The quench diagnosis system 103 includes a resistance voltage diagnosis module, a distributed optical fiber diagnosis module, and a voiceprint diagnosis module. The distributed optical fiber diagnosis module includes a distributed sensing optical fiber, an optical fiber separation unit, a signal processing unit, and a quench detection unit. The voiceprint diagnosis module includes an acoustic optical fiber, an optical fiber sensor, a light emission unit, a voiceprint processing unit, and a quench judgment unit.

[0031] Exemplarily, in this embodiment, as shown in Fig. 3, the fusion reactor superconducting magnet system includes a plasma. The poloidal field coil, the central solenoid coil and the longitudinal magnetic field coil constitute the superconducting coil module. The poloidal field coil is respectively connected to a quench detection system (i.e., the quench diagnostic system), a cryogenic system (i.e., the cryogenic cooling module) and a power supply system (i.e., the integrated power supply system).

[0032] In this embodiment, the superconducting magnet system 101 uses ultra-low temperature high strength structural materials and high temperature superconducting materials.

[0033] In this embodiment, the structural material of the superconducting magnet system is a cryogenic high strength structural material, such as N50, and the superconducting coil module in the superconducting magnet system is a high temperature superconducting material, such as Bi2212, ReBCO, MgB2, etc.

[0034] In this embodiment, the superconducting coil module uses graded mixed windings, grades the windings or coils according to the magnetic field distribution of the magnet windings, and uses different kinds of superconducting materials according to the grading.

[0035] In this embodiment, the superconducting coil module uses a graded mixed winding or mixed magnet scheme, that is, the winding or coil is graded according to the magnetic field distribution of the magnet winding, and different superconducting materials are used for different grades. Generally, for a magnetic field strength of 0-6T (Tesla), NbTi, MgB2 superconducting materials are used; for a magnetic field strength of 6-12T, Nb3Sn superconducting materials are used; for a magnetic field strength of 12-16T, high current density Nb3Sn superconducting materials are used; and for a magnetic field strength of over 16T, high temperature superconducting materials such as Bi2212, ReBCO, etc. are used. The windings / sub-coils of different grades are assembled by a fitting method, and the windings / sub-coils are connected by superconducting connectors.

[0036] In this embodiment, the AC-DC power distribution module is formed by connecting an AC power supply unit and a DC power distribution unit in series, and uses multi-pulse AC phase shift on the AC side, and establishes a pulse power supply on the DC side.

[0037] In this embodiment, the AC-DC power distribution module is formed by connecting AC power supply and DC power distribution in series. The AC side uses multi-pulse AC phase shift, and the DC side builds a 6*N pulse power supply (N refers to the number of modules connected in parallel) to reduce the DC output voltage ripple and current ripple. The power supply module is formed by connecting multiple DC power supply modules in parallel. Each of the DC power supply modules reduces the design capacity, connects an appropriate amount of power devices in parallel, and outputs the operating current required for the magnet through the parallel connection of multiple modules. Here, the redundant capacity of the power supply is arranged as N+1, that is, N supplies power normally to meet the operating index, and one is an online backup. When one power supply fails, the failed module is removed and the current power supply module is operated to improve the redundancy.

[0038] In this embodiment, the DC power supply unit includes four current transformer units CU1, CU2, CU3 and CU4, each of which adopts a modular design and has an independent control system and bypass switch, and the four current transformer units constitute four independent DC power supply modules.

[0039] In this embodiment, the DC power supply module opens the positive and negative pole disconnect switches when it detects that the current in the circuit is zero.

[0040] In this embodiment, the four independent DC power supply modules work simultaneously, and when a module fails, the failed module can be removed from operation, and when the current of the failed module unit circuit becomes zero, the positive and negative pole disconnectors are opened, and the failure is completely removed from the system. In this manner, the load current is the feedback of all modules, and when one module fails and is removed, the other three modules still feedback the load current, which ensures the stability of the load current.

[0041] In this embodiment, the resistance voltage diagnostic module monitors the superconducting coil module in real time to obtain the voltage of the superconducting coil module, and compares it with a predetermined quench protection threshold voltage to determine whether a quench has occurred in the superconducting magnet system.

[0042] In this embodiment, the resistance voltage diagnostic module calculates the maximum temperature rise that the superconducting coil can tolerate through the conventional voltage quench detection method to calculate the quench protection threshold voltage, and realizes quench detection by monitoring the superconducting coil voltage in real time, thereby enabling quench detection to be performed quickly and reliably.

[0043] In this embodiment, the distributed optical fiber diagnosis module acquires Rayleigh scattered light generated by the distributed sensing optical fiber by performing light scattering and demodulation processing on the incident light captured by the distributed optical fiber by the optical fiber separation unit, and determines a quench diagnosis range by comparing the Rayleigh scattered light with a predetermined optical frequency difference by a signal processing unit, performs quench diagnosis on the quench diagnosis range by a quench discrimination algorithm preset in the quench detection unit according to the quench diagnosis range, and determines whether a quench has occurred within the current quench range.

[0044] In this embodiment, the distributed optical fiber diagnostic module scatters incident light by the optical fiber wound around the superconducting magnet system, and then demodulates the backscattered light obtained by scattering, and uses OFDR distributed optical fiber diagnostics to locate the optical fiber according to the frequency difference between the Rayleigh scattered light generated at each part of the optical fiber and the local reference light. In the sensing mechanism, the OFDR measures the frequency shift of the Rayleigh scattered light to obtain the temperature and strain of the optical fiber, and locates the quenched area according to the preset quench discrimination algorithm based on the temperature and the strain. In this embodiment, first, select an appropriate spatial resolution Δx (≦5 mm) and time resolution Δt (≧10 Hz), then locate the normal area, mark the hot spot by scanning the temperature rise, determine the algorithm execution area, and determine whether a quench has occurred in the algorithm execution area according to the quench logic. If the boundary dimension and boundary temperature thresholds are met at the same time, it is a quench event, otherwise it is a restoring quench, and add a protection threshold of the hot spot temperature to the quench discrimination algorithm. In this embodiment, for positioning relative to the boundary of the normal region, the thermocouple temperature corresponding to the voltage quench threshold can be taken as the minimum propagation region boundary temperature (Tmpz) of this region, and the spectral shift amount at the position corresponding to the voltage quench threshold can be taken as the propagation boundary of the normal region.

[0045] In this embodiment, the voiceprint diagnosis module receives a voiceprint signal generated from the superconducting magnet system by an optical fiber acoustic sensor pre-installed in an optical signal processing unit, emits an optical signal based on the voiceprint signal, receives a reflected optical signal after the optical signal is Rayleigh reflected, restores the reflected optical signal to a first acoustic signal, optimizes the acoustic signal by weighting and reducing its dimension using a voiceprint analyzer pre-installed in the voiceprint processing unit according to a pre-set MFCC feature vector to obtain a second acoustic signal, identifies the second acoustic signal by a vector quantization algorithm pre-installed in the quench judgment unit, and determines whether a quench has occurred in the superconducting magnet system.

[0046] In this embodiment, the voiceprint diagnosis module transmits an optical signal at a predetermined frequency by an optical emission unit. The optical signal is deformed by hitting an acoustic wave generated by the superconducting magnet while traveling through the optical fiber wire wound around the superconducting magnet. After the optical signal is Rayleigh reflected, a part of the signal is reflected back to the optical fiber acoustic sensor, and is received and processed by an optical receiving unit and an amplifying unit to obtain a reflected optical signal. The reflected optical signal is restored to an acoustic signal by a demodulation unit, and then the acoustic signal and length information are sent to the voiceprint analysis server by a communication unit, and the voiceprint analysis server performs weighting and dimension reduction on the acoustic signal according to the MFCC feature vector to optimize it. The voiceprint analysis server identifies the optimized acoustic signal by a vector quantization algorithm, and finally determines whether a quench occurs.

[0047] In this embodiment, the training process of the vector quantization algorithm includes: selecting a voiceprint training set; signal processing the voiceprint training set to obtain a corresponding audio signal; processing the audio signal by the voiceprint analyzer to obtain MFCC feature vectors, variance contributions and accumulated variance contributions after dimension reduction optimization; and training the vector quantization algorithm based on the MFCC feature vectors, variance contributions and accumulated variance contributions.

[0048] In this embodiment, the vector quantization algorithm is obtained by neural network training. The training process includes: selecting a voiceprint training set, optimizing the voiceprint training set through dimension reduction, obtaining the MFCC feature vector, variance contribution rate and cumulative variance contribution rate after dimension reduction optimization, calibrating the voiceprint training set, inputting the MFCC feature vector (v, v1, ..., vh) after dimension reduction optimization of training set, variance contribution rate and cumulative variance contribution rate, outputting the corresponding quenching result, training a machine learning model, obtaining the vector quantization algorithm after training, inputting the target MFCC feature vector, variance contribution rate and cumulative variance contribution rate obtained by the voiceprint analysis server analyzing the target signal after dimension reduction optimization into the vector quantization algorithm, and finally obtaining the quenching judgment result.

[0049] Meanwhile, according to an embodiment of the present invention, there is further provided a quench detection method based on a nuclear fusion reactor superconducting magnet system, the process of which mainly includes steps 201 to 205, as shown in FIG.

[0050] Step 201: An optical signal is transmitted to a distributed optical fiber pre-installed in the superconducting magnet system, and Rayleigh scattered light reflected at different regions of the distributed optical fiber is obtained.

[0051] In this embodiment, this step specifically includes the following steps: transmitting an optical signal to the distributed optical fiber by an optical fiber sensor connected to the distributed optical fiber, and scattering the optical signal by the distributed optical fiber to obtain backscattered light; obtaining Rayleigh scattered light generated in different regions of the dispersion type optical fiber by demodulating the backscattered light; Includes.

[0052] Step 202: Processing the Rayleigh scattered light through a preset acousto-optic demodulation method to obtain a voiceprint signal corresponding to the Rayleigh scattered light.

[0053] In this embodiment, this step specifically includes the following steps: receiving the Rayleigh scattered light by the optical fiber sensor, and amplifying and demodulating the Rayleigh scattered light to obtain a first fingerprint signal corresponding to the Rayleigh scattered light; According to the first voiceprint signal, performing a weighted dimension reduction process on the first voiceprint signal using a predefined MFCC feature vector to obtain a voiceprint signal; Includes.

[0054] Step 203: Based on the voiceprint signal, identify the voiceprint through a preset vector quantization algorithm to determine whether a quench has occurred in the superconducting magnet.

[0055] In this embodiment, this step specifically includes the following steps: calculating a similarity between the voiceprint signal and a predetermined standard voiceprint signal by a preset vector quantization algorithm based on the voiceprint signal, and determining whether a quench has occurred in the superconducting magnet; If the similarity is greater than or equal to a predetermined similarity threshold, it is determined that a quench has not occurred in the superconducting magnet, and if the similarity is less than the predetermined similarity threshold, it is determined that a quench has occurred in the superconducting magnet.

[0056] Step 204: When a quench occurs in the superconducting magnet, the temperatures and the spectral shift amounts in different regions of the distributed optical fiber are obtained based on the Rayleigh scattered light reflected in the different regions by a pre-set spectral analysis method.

[0057] In this embodiment, this step specifically includes: obtaining spectral shift amounts at different positions of the acoustic optical fiber by calculating the frequency difference between the Rayleigh scattered light reflected in the different regions and a predetermined standard light; and obtaining temperature values ​​of different regions of the acoustic optical fiber based on the spectral shift amounts.

[0058] Step 205: Based on the temperature and the amount of spectrum shift, a region where a quench has occurred in the superconducting magnet system is obtained by comparing with a predetermined temperature threshold and a predetermined amount of spectrum shift threshold.

[0059] In the present embodiment, before performing this step, the maximum temperature rise of the coil wound around the superconducting magnet is calculated to obtain the quench threshold voltage of the superconducting magnet, the voltage of the superconducting magnet is detected in real time and compared with the quench threshold voltage to determine whether a quench has occurred in the superconducting magnet, if the voltage exceeds the quench voltage threshold and continues for a certain period of time, it is determined that a quench has occurred in the superconducting magnet, and the current of the superconducting magnet is drawn off, and if the voltage is equal to or lower than the quench voltage threshold, it is determined that a quench has not occurred in the superconducting magnet.

[0060] In the present embodiment, this step specifically involves obtaining a temperature threshold and a spectral shift amount threshold corresponding to the quench threshold voltage, comparing the temperature value and the spectral shift amount of the different regions with the temperature threshold and the spectral shift amount threshold to determine whether a quench has occurred in the different regions, and if there is a region where the temperature value is equal to or greater than the temperature threshold and the spectral shift amount is equal to or greater than the spectral shift amount threshold, it is determined that a complete quench has occurred in the region, and if there is a region where the temperature value is equal to or greater than the temperature threshold or the spectral shift amount is equal to or greater than the spectral shift amount threshold, it is determined that a restorative quench has occurred in the region, and the quench is recovered by diverting the current in the region.

[0061] According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a fusion reactor superconducting magnet system and a quench detection method for use in the fusion reactor superconducting magnet system, the fusion reactor superconducting magnet system includes a superconducting magnet system, an integrated power supply system, and a quench diagnostic system, the superconducting magnet system includes a superconducting coil module and a cryogenic refrigeration module, the superconducting coil module includes a toroidal field coil, a poloidal field coil, and a central solenoid magnet module, the superconducting coil is used to generate a toroidal magnetic field, confine a plasma, and control the plasma configuration to break the plasma, maintain a plasma current, and form energy, the integrated power supply system includes a power supply module, a power supply monitoring module, and an AC / DC power distribution module, the AC / DC power distribution module includes a power supply module, a power supply monitoring module, and a power supply module, and the AC / DC power distribution module includes a power supply module, a power supply monitoring module, and a power supply module, and the AC / DC power distribution module includes a power supply module, a power supply monitoring module, and a power supply module, and the power supply ... The module includes a DC power supply unit and an AC power supply unit to improve the reliability of power supply; the quench diagnosis system realizes quench detection by monitoring the superconducting magnet system voltage in real time through the traditional resistance voltage quench detection method, with mature technology, and can quickly and reliably detect quench when quench occurs; and a distributed optical fiber diagnosis module and a voiceprint diagnosis module are provided to monitor local hot spot events, assist in detecting weak points of the high temperature superconducting magnet, and realize quench risk warning and evaluation in combination with the monitoring data of related thermal parameters, thereby improving the accurate quench location when quench occurs in the superconducting magnet.

[0062] The above examples further illustrate the purpose, technical means and beneficial effects of the present invention. The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A nuclear fusion reactor superconducting magnet system including a superconducting magnet system, an integrated power supply system, and a quench diagnostic system, The superconducting magnet system includes a superconducting coil module and a cryogenic refrigerator module, the superconducting coil module includes a toroidal field coil, a poloidal field coil and a central solenoid magnet module, the superconducting coil module uses a graded mixed winding, grades the winding or coil according to the magnetic field distribution of the magnet winding, uses different kinds of superconducting materials according to the grading, and uses high temperature superconducting materials when the magnetic field strength exceeds 16T; The integrated power supply system includes a power supply module, a power supply monitoring module, and an AC / DC power distribution module respectively connected to the power supply module and the power supply monitoring module, the power supply monitoring module is connected to the quench diagnosis system, the AC / DC power distribution module includes a DC power supply unit and an AC power supply unit, the power supply module is configured by connecting a power device and a plurality of DC power supply modules in parallel, and outputs the operating current required for the magnet, the AC / DC power distribution module is configured by connecting the DC power supply unit and the AC power supply unit in series, the AC side uses multi-pulse AC phase shift, and the DC side establishes a 6*N pulse power supply; The quench diagnosis system includes a resistance voltage diagnosis module, a distributed optical fiber diagnosis module, and a voiceprint diagnosis module. The distributed optical fiber diagnosis module includes a distributed sensing optical fiber, an optical fiber separation unit, a signal processing unit, and a quench detection unit. The voiceprint diagnosis module includes an acoustic optical fiber, an optical fiber sensor, a light emission unit, a voiceprint processing unit, and a quench judgment unit. The distributed optical fiber diagnosis module performs light scattering and demodulation processing on the incident light captured by the distributed sensing optical fiber by the optical fiber separation unit, obtains Rayleigh scattered light generated in the distributed sensing optical fiber, and the signal processing unit compares the Rayleigh scattered light with a predetermined optical frequency difference based on the Rayleigh scattered light. a quench diagnosis range is determined by measuring the frequency shift of the Rayleigh scattered light, and a quench diagnosis range is determined by a quench discrimination algorithm preset in the quench detection unit according to the quench diagnosis range to determine whether a quench has occurred in the current quench range; wherein, the frequency shift of the Rayleigh scattered light is measured to obtain the optical fiber temperature and strain amount, and a quench occurrence area is located by a quench discrimination algorithm preset according to the temperature and the strain amount; the quench discrimination algorithm selects an appropriate spatial resolution and time resolution to locate a normal area, and marks hot spots by scanning the temperature rise, determines an algorithm execution area, and determines whether a quench has occurred in the algorithm execution area according to a quench logic; The voiceprint diagnosis module receives a voiceprint signal generated in the superconducting magnet system by the optical fiber sensor, transmits an optical signal based on the voiceprint signal, receives a reflected optical signal after the optical signal is Rayleigh reflected, restores the reflected optical signal into a first acoustic signal, performs optimization by weighting and dimensionality reduction on the first acoustic signal according to a pre-set MFCC feature vector using a voiceprint analyzer pre-installed in the voiceprint processing unit to obtain a second acoustic signal, identifies the second acoustic signal by a vector quantization algorithm pre-installed in the quench judgment unit, and determines whether a quench has occurred in the superconducting magnet system.

2. The superconducting magnet system of claim 1, wherein the superconducting magnet system uses ultra-low temperature, high strength structural materials and high temperature superconducting materials.

3. The fusion reactor superconducting magnet system according to claim 1, characterized in that the DC power supply unit comprises four current transformer units CU1, CU2, CU3 and CU4, each current transformer unit adopts a modularized design and has an independent control system and bypass switch, and the four current transformer units constitute four independent DC power supply modules.

4. 4. The superconducting magnet system for a nuclear fusion reactor according to claim 3, wherein the DC power supply module opens the positive and negative pole disconnect switches when it detects that the current in the circuit becomes zero.

5. 2. The superconducting magnet system of claim 1, wherein the resistance voltage diagnostic module obtains a voltage of the superconducting coil module by monitoring the superconducting coil module in real time and compares the voltage with a predetermined quench protection threshold voltage to determine whether a quench has occurred in the superconducting magnet system.

6. 2. The superconducting magnet system of claim 1, wherein the training process of the vector quantization algorithm includes: selecting a voiceprint training set; signal processing the voiceprint training set to obtain a corresponding audio signal; processing the audio signal by the voiceprint analyzer to obtain a MFCC feature vector, a variance contribution ratio, and a cumulative variance contribution ratio after dimension reduction optimization; and training the vector quantization algorithm based on the MFCC feature vector, the variance contribution ratio, and the cumulative variance contribution ratio.

Images