Optical measuring device for determining object information of object in at least one monitoring area

Abstract

To provide a measuring device that can improve the determination of object information, in particular the total illumination of an optical receiver with an optical signal.SOLUTION: An optical measuring device is for determining object information of objects in at least one monitoring area. At least one receiving device includes at least one electro-optical receiver for converting an optical signal into an electrical signal. At least one optically diffractive element is arranged in a receiving light path of the at least one receiving device upstream of an at least one receiver. The at least one receiver has a plurality of receiving areas that are arranged before and after as seen in a direction of an axis of the at least one receiver and that can be evaluated separately with respect to the intensity of each received light. At least one boundary edge of the at least one optically diffractive element does not extend, at least locally, perpendicularly to the axis of the receiver as seen in the projection onto the at least one receiver.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The invention relates to an optical measuring device for determining object information of objects in at least one monitoring area, the optical measuring device having at least one receiving device for receiving an optical signal coming from at least one object, - said at least one receiver comprises at least one electro-optical receiver for converting an optical signal into an electrical signal; at least one optically diffractive element is arranged in the receiving path of the at least one receiving device upstream of the at least one receiver, This relates to optical measuring devices. [Background technology]

[0002] DE 10 2011 107 585 A1 discloses an optical measuring device with a housing. A transmission window is formed in the front wall of the housing. Pulsed laser light is emitted to the outside via the transmission window. Furthermore, the housing has a receiving window in the front wall below the transmission window. The laser beam reflected by an object and detected in the vehicle's surroundings is received via the receiving window and processed by a receiving unit arranged in the housing. The receiving unit comprises a receiver printed circuit board on which an optical receiver, for example in the form of a detector, is arranged and further comprises a receiving optical unit which may comprise a receiving lens and a deflecting mirror as a receiving deflection mirror. The optical receiver is preferably an APD diode. The receiving lens has a rectangular embodiment with respect to its edge contour.

[0003] Diffraction effects, especially at the straight perimeter of a rectangular receiving lens, can affect the maximum illumination of the optical receiver with the optical signal.

[0004] As is known, lines and edges generate diffraction patterns depending on the alignment. This effect is known from single slit experiments. Thus, the effect of diffraction occurs due to opaque objects. As a result, the boundary between the optical aperture and the opaque object in the receiving path gives rise to a diffraction pattern.

[0005] The invention is based on the object of designing a measuring device of the type mentioned in the introduction, which allows improved determination of object information, in particular the total illumination of an optical receiver with an optical signal. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this is to at least one receiver having a plurality of reception areas arranged to be seen in front of and behind the direction of the axis of the at least one receiver, each of which can be evaluated separately with respect to the intensity of the light received; at least one boundary edge of at least one optically diffractive element does not extend, at least locally, perpendicular to the axis of at least one receiver as seen in a projection onto at least one receiver; This is achieved according to the present invention.

[0007] According to the invention, at least one receiver has a number of reception areas on which optical signals can impinge and can be evaluated separately. Spatial resolution measurements are possible with the aid of the number of reception areas. The direction from which the captured optical signal comes and in which the corresponding object is located can be ascertained by each allocation of the optical signal to a reception area.

[0008] Light within the meaning of the present invention is understood to mean both electromagnetic radiation that is visible and invisible to the human eye.

[0009] The receiving areas are arranged one behind the other along the axis of the at least one receiver. Since at least one boundary edge of the at least one optical diffractive element does not extend at least locally perpendicular to the axis of the at least one receiver, the effects of diffraction in the direction of the axis of the at least one receiver are reduced. Thus, the so-called "crosstalk" between adjacent receiving areas is reduced.

[0010] According to the invention, the symmetry of the optical measuring device is exploited to influence the direction of diffraction of the diffraction effect and in this way reduce the crosstalk of the optical signals to multiple receiving areas.

[0011] Furthermore, the optical measuring device may advantageously comprise at least one emitting device, which may be used to generate an optical signal.

[0012] In addition, the optical measurement device may advantageously comprise at least one optical signal deflection device, which may be used to direct optical signals from the at least one emitting device to the at least one monitored area and / or from the at least one monitored area to the at least one receiving device.

[0013] Furthermore, the optical measuring device may advantageously have at least one control and evaluation device, which may be used to control at least one emitting device and / or at least one receiving device and / or at least one optical signal deflecting device. Furthermore, by using the control and evaluation device, electrical signals coming from the at least one receiving device, which can characterize in particular object information, may be received, evaluated and / or alternatively transmitted, in particular to driver assistance systems.

[0014] At least one measuring device can advantageously operate according to the time-of-flight method, in particular the light pulse time-of-flight method. Optical measuring devices operating according to the light pulse time-of-flight method can be designed and referred to as time-of-flight (TOF) systems, light detection and ranging (LiDAR) systems, laser detection and ranging (LaDAR) systems, etc. Here, the time-of-flight is measured from the emission of a transmitted signal, in particular a light pulse, by a transmitter and the reception of a corresponding reflected transmitted signal by a receiver, and the distance between the measuring device and the recognized object is ascertained therefrom.

[0015] Advantageously, the measuring device can be designed as a scanning system. In this case, the monitoring area can be sampled, i.e. scanned, with the emitted signal. For this purpose, the corresponding emitted signal, in particular the emitted beam, can be swiveled with respect to the radio wave direction over the monitoring area. In this case, at least one deflection device, in particular a scanning device, a deflection mirror, etc. can be used. Alternatively, the measuring device can be designed as a flash LiDAR. The monitoring area can then be illuminated completely simultaneously with at least one light signal.

[0016] Advantageously, the measuring device can be designed as a laser-based distance measuring system. The laser-based distance measuring system can have at least one laser as a light source. The at least one laser can be used to emit a pulsed emitted beam as the emitted signal. The laser-based distance measuring system can advantageously be a laser scanner. The laser scanner can be used to sample the surveillance area with a pulsed laser beam.

[0017] The invention may be used in vehicles, in particular motor vehicles. The invention may advantageously be used in ground-based vehicles, in particular passenger cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles, etc., aircraft and / or ships. The invention may also be used in vehicles that can be operated autonomously or at least partially autonomously. However, the invention is not limited to vehicles. The invention may also be used in stationary operating vehicles.

[0018] The measuring device may advantageously be connected to or be part of at least one electrical control device of the vehicle, in particular a driver assistance system and / or a chassis control system and / or a driver information device and / or a parking assistance system and / or gesture recognition etc. In this way, at least partially autonomous operation of the vehicle may be made possible.

[0019] Optical measurement devices can be used to capture stationary or moving objects, in particular vehicles, people, animals, plants, obstacles, road irregularities, in particular potholes and rocks, lane boundaries, traffic signs, open spaces, in particular open parking spaces, etc.

[0020] In an advantageous embodiment, at least one boundary edge of at least one optical diffractive element may be at least one edge of at least one optical lens; and / or the boundary edge of the at least one optical diffractive element may be the edge of a diaphragm or a mask, and / or at least one boundary edge of at least one optically diffractive element may be an edge of a heating wire; and / or at least one boundary edge of the at least one optically diffractive element may be an edge of a window of a housing of the measurement device.

[0021] In this way, functional components of the measuring device representing optical diffractive elements whose influence on the optical signal can be adapted using the invention, in particular optical lenses, diaphragms, masks, heating wires, windows, etc., can be arranged in the receiving light path.

[0022] Advantageously, at least one edge of at least one optical lens may have a contour according to the invention, so that the effects of light diffraction can be easily adapted directly to the lens.

[0023] At least one aperture or mask can be advantageously arranged on at least one optical lens. At least one aperture or mask can cover at least one edge of the optical lens. This prevents light diffraction at the edge of the optical lens. Instead, light diffraction occurs at the edge of the at least one aperture or mask. At least one edge of the at least one aperture or mask can have a contour according to the invention.

[0024] Advantageously, at least one heating wire may be arranged in a window of the housing of the measuring device, whereby the window may be temperature controlled and thus the risk of the window fogging up may be reduced.

[0025] Advantageously, the edge of the window in the housing of the measuring device can have a contour according to the invention, so that the light diffraction grating can be easily adapted directly to the window.

[0026] A window in the housing of the measuring device may advantageously be arranged in the receiving light path, such that optical signals may pass through the window from the monitoring area to the at least one receiver.

[0027] In a further advantageous embodiment, it is possible that more than 7 / 10 of the extent of at least one boundary edge of at least one optically diffractive element does not extend perpendicularly to the axis of at least one receiver as seen in the projection onto the at least one receiver, whereby crosstalk of the multiple reception areas is reduced and the extent of at least one boundary edge in the transverse direction of the axis of the at least one receiver is reached.

[0028] Advantageously, a portion of the at least one boundary edge may not extend perpendicular to the axis of the at least one receiver, thereby minimizing crosstalk in the direction of the axis of the at least one receiver.

[0029] In further advantageous embodiments, at least one boundary edge of the at least one optically diffractive element may extend at least locally in a zigzag shape and / or at least locally in a wavy shape and / or at least locally in a zigzag shape with flat and / or rounded ends and / or may have at least locally a free-form contour, whereby the extent of the at least one optically diffractive element transverse to the axis of the at least one receiver may be achieved, while its extension perpendicular to the axis of the at least one receiver may be minimized.

[0030] Advantageously, the contour of at least one boundary edge may vary, so that it can be adapted more flexibly to the geometry of the measurement device in particular and reduce the influence of the diffraction pattern with regard to crosstalk.

[0031] In a further advantageous embodiment, the optical measuring device may have a housing arranged on the at least one receiving device, the housing may have at least one window through which the optical signal can pass from the monitoring area to the at least one receiving device. The at least one receiving device and possibly further components may be accommodated and protected in the housing. The at least one window is transparent to the optical signal, in particular the received optical signal. Furthermore, the at least one window may have at least one heating device, in particular at least one heating wire. By means of the heating device, in particular at least one heating wire, it is possible to prevent the at least one window from fogging up.

[0032] In a further advantageous embodiment, the at least one receiver may have a plurality of individual receiving elements with at least one receiving area in each case and / or the at least one receiver may have a line-type or area-type arrangement of a plurality of receiving areas. The individual receiving elements can be easily read separately and the corresponding information can be evaluated. A line-type or area-type arrangement of a plurality of receiving areas can be manufactured together.

[0033] The at least one receiver may advantageously comprise or consist of at least one detector, in particular a line sensor or an area sensor, in particular a plurality of avalanche photodiodes, photodiode lines, CCD sensors, etc. Optical signals can be quickly and accurately converted into corresponding electrical signals using such receivers.

[0034] In a further advantageous embodiment, at least one rectangular or square optical lens may be arranged in the receiving light path. The optical signal is better projected into the receiving area with a line or area type arrangement with rectangular or square optical lenses than would be possible with a round optical lens. The edge of the optical lens may be considered as a boundary edge around which the diffraction pattern may be produced.

[0035] In a further advantageous embodiment, the optical measurement arrangement can be designed to determine at least one orientation of the at least one captured object with respect to the measurement device, whereby the position and / or dimensions of the object, in particular in the direction of the axis of the at least one receiver, can be ascertained, and the height and / or width of the object can be determined with the optical measurement device.

[0036] Additionally, the optical measuring device may advantageously be designed for determining at least one distance and / or speed of the captured object relative to the measuring device. Using this object information, the object can be better characterized and specifically identified. The object information may possibly be transmitted to a driver assistance system of the vehicle carrying the optical measuring device, so that the vehicle can be operated autonomously or at least partially autonomously.

[0037] Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description, in which exemplary embodiments of the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the figures. Those skilled in the art will conveniently consider the features disclosed in the figures, the description and the claims individually and combine them to form further meaningful combinations. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0038] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 shows a front view of a motor vehicle having an optical measuring device monitoring a monitoring area in front of the motor vehicle in the driving direction. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section through an optical measurement device according to a first exemplary embodiment which can be used in the vehicle of FIG. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 shows the view through the window of the optical measurement device of FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 shows the view through a window of an optical measurement device according to a second exemplary embodiment that may be used in the vehicle of FIG. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 shows the view through a window of an optical measurement device according to a third exemplary embodiment that may be used in the vehicle of FIG. [Figure 6]FIG. 6 shows the field of view through the receiving lens of the optical measurement device of FIG. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 shows the field of view through the receiving lens of an optical measurement device according to a fourth exemplary embodiment that may be used in the vehicle of the figure. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 shows a longitudinal section of an optical measurement device not used in the present invention. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 shows the view through the window of the optical measurement device of FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0039] In the figures, identical components are provided with the same reference numbers.

[0040] 1 shows a front view of a motor vehicle 10, by way of example of a passenger car type. The motor vehicle 10 has a driver assistance system 12. Although not of further interest here, the motor vehicle 10 may be operated in an autonomous or partially autonomous manner using the driver assistance system 12.

[0041] The motor vehicle 10 further includes an optical measurement device 14, which is disposed, for example, in the front bumper. The optical measurement device 14 may be used to monitor a monitoring area 16 in front of the motor vehicle 10 in a driving direction relative to an object 18, as shown in FIG. 2. The optical measurement device 14 may also be disposed in different positions on the motor vehicle 10 with different alignments.

[0042] The optical measurement device 14 may be used to capture stationary or moving objects 18, such as vehicles, people, animals, plants, obstacles, road irregularities, especially potholes and rocks, lane boundaries, traffic signs, and open spaces, especially vacant parking spaces.

[0043] The optical measuring device 14 can be used to ascertain object information, such as distance, direction and speed of a captured object 18 with respect to the optical measuring device 14, i.e. with respect to the motor vehicle 10. The measuring device 14 can be designed, for example, as a laser-based ranging system, for example as a LiDAR system.

[0044] The optical measurement device 14 is connected to the driver assistance system 12 for signal transmission. Object information of the object 18 captured by the optical measurement device 14 is transmitted to the driver assistance system 12. The object information is processed in the driver assistance system 12 and may be used for control functions of the motor vehicle 10.

[0045] FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section through an optical measurement device 14 according to a first exemplary embodiment.

[0046] The optical measurement device 14 comprises a housing 20. The housing 20 has a window 22 on the side facing the monitoring area 16.

[0047] The transmitting device 24 , the receiving device 26 and the control and evaluation device 28 are arranged in the housing 20 .

[0048] During operation of the measuring device 14, an outgoing light signal 30, for example in the form of a laser pulse, is generated using the transmitting device 24. The outgoing light signal 30 may, for example, be invisible to the human eye. The window 22 is made of a material capable of transmitting the outgoing light signal 30. The outgoing light signal 30 is transmitted through the window 22 to the monitored area 16.

[0049] An optical signal deflection device (not shown), such as a deflection mirror device, may be selectively disposed on the housing 20 such that the outgoing optical signal 30 may be directed towards the monitored area 16 .

[0050] The outgoing light portion 30 is reflected by objects 18 within the monitored area 16. The outgoing light signal 30 reflected towards the measuring device 14 is referred to hereinafter as a received light signal 32 for purposes of better identification. The received light signal 32 passes through the window 22 to the receiving device 26. The received light signal 22 within the housing 20 can be selectively deflected using a deflecting mirror device.

[0051] By means of the receiving device 26 the received light signal 32 is converted into an electrical signal and transmitted to the control and evaluation device 28. Object information, in particular the distance, direction and speed of the captured object 18 relative to the measuring device 14, is ascertained from the captured received light signal 32. The object information is transmitted to the driver assistance system 12 using the control and evaluation device 28.

[0052] The receiving device 26 comprises, by way of example, a receiver 34 and a receiving lens 36. The receiving lens 36 and the window 22 are located in a receiving path 38 of the receiver 34. The receiving path 38 in the sense of the present invention is the path along which the received light signal 32 coming from the object 18 travels. For the sake of clarity, Fig. 2 shows the receiving path 38 simply as a dashed axis. This axis is intended to show the centre of the receiving path 38. The receiving path 38 is in fact understood to mean a three-dimensional space, with axes extending, by way of example in Fig. 2, upwards, downwards, into and away from the illustrated plane.

[0053] A receiving lens 36 is positioned between the window 22 and the receiver 34. The received optical signal 32 is focused onto the receiver 34 using the receiving lens 36.

[0054] The receiver 34 has a number of receiving areas 40, which in each case can be implemented as avalanche photodiodes, for example. The receiving areas 40 are arranged so as to be seen in front and behind the direction of the receiver axis 42. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the receiver axis 42 extends vertically in space in the normal alignment of the motor vehicle 10, as shown in FIG. 2, so that the receiving areas 40 are arranged one above the other. With the vertical arrangement of the receiving areas 40 according to the exemplary implementation, spatial height information on the captured object 18 can be ascertained using the receiver 34.

[0055] Also, rather than using separate avalanche photodiodes, receiver 34 may be implemented in the form of a line sensor having a plurality of image points correspondingly positioned along axis 42 of the receiver.

[0056] The receiving lens 36 has, for example, a quadrilateral, in particular a square or rectangular, design. The receiving lens 36 is shown in front of the receiver 34 in Fig. 6, in which the illustration of the window 22 has been omitted for reasons of clarity. The receiving lens 36 is aligned so that two of its edges, in particular the upper edge 46 and the lower edge 48, extend perpendicular to the receiver axis 42 as seen in the projection onto the receiver 34.

[0057] Two masks 44 are arranged on the receiving lens 36. The masks 44 are, for example, located on the side of the receiving lens 36 facing the receiver 34. One mask extends along and covers an upper edge 46 of the receiving lens 36. The other mask 44 extends along and covers a lower edge 48 of the receiving lens 36. On the sides facing each other, the masks 44 each have a border edge 50 in a zigzag shape.

[0058] The mask 44 in each case acts as an optical diffractive element for the received optical signal 32. It is known that lines and edges generate diffraction patterns due to alignment. A diffraction pattern that expands in the receiving area 40 in the direction of the receiver axis 42 can result in crosstalk between the receiving areas 40. None of the zigzag shaped border edges 50 of the mask 44 extend perpendicular to the receiver axis as seen in the projection onto the receiver 34. This ensures that the expansion of the diffraction pattern in the receiving area 40 in the direction of the receiver axis 42 caused by the border edges 50 is reduced.

[0059] By way of example, two heating wires 52 are arranged in the window 22. The heating wires 52 are arranged, for example, on the inside of the window 22 facing the interior of the housing 20 so as to be protected with respect to the environment. The heating wires 52 are connected to a power source, which is not shown for clarity. The heating wires 52 can be used to control the temperature of the window 22, for example, to prevent the window 22 from becoming fogged up or covered with ice.

[0060] The heating wire 52 is located in the receiving path 38 and therefore also functions as an optical diffraction element for the received optical signal 32. The upper edge of the heating wire 52 in each case of Figures 2 and 3 forms a boundary edge 54. The heating wire 52 and the boundary edge 54 have a zigzag-shaped profile. The boundary edge 54 does not extend perpendicularly to the receiver axis 42 as seen in the projection onto the receiver 34 in any part. This ensures that the broadening of the diffraction pattern in the receiving area 40 in the direction of the receiver axis 42 is reduced.

[0061] Instead of one common window 22 for the outgoing optical signal 30 and the incoming optical signal 32, separate outgoing and incoming windows may be provided.

[0062] During a measurement using the measurement device 14 , an emitted light signal 30 is generated by the transmitter 24 and transmitted through the window 22 to the monitored area 16 .

[0063] The received optical signal 32 reflected by the object 18 first passes through the window 22. In the process, a diffraction pattern is generated at the boundary edge 54 of the heating wire 52. Due to the zigzag contour of the boundary edge 52, the diffraction pattern extends approximately obliquely with respect to the axis 42 of the receiver.

[0064] The received optical signal 32 is focused onto the receiver 34 using a receiving lens 36. In the process, a diffraction pattern is generated at the boundary edge 50 of the mask 44. Due to the zigzag contour of the boundary edge 50, the diffraction pattern extends approximately obliquely with respect to the axis 42 of the receiver.

[0065] Depending on the height at which the object 18 is located, the corresponding received optical signal 32 illuminates the receiver 34 at a corresponding height in the total illumination area 56 shown in Fig. 2. The shape of the total illumination area 56 is influenced by the diffraction pattern generated at the boundary edges 50 and 54. Fig. 3 suggests the total illumination area 56 as an example and for illustrative purposes only in the shape of a star, the spikes of the star extending obliquely with respect to the axis 42 of the receiver in each case. The actual shape of the total illumination area 56 depends, inter alia, on the geometry and arrangement of the boundary edges 50 and 54. In Fig. 3, the illustration of the receiving lens 36 and the illustration of the transmitting device 24 have been omitted for the sake of clarity.

[0066] Due to the reduction in the spread of the diffraction pattern in the direction of the receiver axis 42 according to the invention described above, the total illumination area 56, in the exemplary embodiment shown, completely illuminates only the second reception area 40 from the top. The zigzag contour of the boundary edges 50 and 54 in each case ensures that no crosstalk or at least a significantly reduced crosstalk occurs to the neighboring reception areas 40, especially from the top.

[0067] Height information about the object 18 can be obtained from the received optical signal 32, which is captured in the receiving area 40 illuminated by the entire illumination area 56.

[0068] Figure 4 shows a window 22 with a heating wire 52 according to a second embodiment. Elements similar to those of the first embodiment from figures 2 and 3 are provided with the same reference numbers. The second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the heating wire 52 runs in a sawtooth shape.

[0069] Figure 5 shows a window 22 with heating wires 52 according to a third embodiment. Elements similar to those of the first embodiment from Figures 2 and 3 are provided with the same reference numerals. The third embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the zigzag-shaped heating wires 52 have flat tops at the turning points. By way of example, no more than 7 / 10 of the extent of each border edge 54 extends perpendicular to the receiver axis 42 as seen in the projection onto the receiver 34.

[0070] Fig. 7 shows the receiving lens 36 with the mask 44 and the receiver 34 of the measuring device 14 according to a fourth embodiment. Elements similar to those of the first embodiment from Figs. 2 and 3 are provided with the same reference symbols. The fourth embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the receiving areas 40 of the receiver 34 are arranged in two dimensions in rows and columns. The receiver 34 has a vertical receiving axis 42a and a horizontal receiving axis 42b. By using the two-dimensional receiver 34, in comparison with the measuring device 14, spatial horizontal and spatial vertical information on the object 18 can be ascertained.

[0071] In order to reduce the influence of the diffraction pattern caused by the lateral edges 58 of the receiving lens 22 in the area of ​​each total illumination area in each measurement, the lateral edges 58 are covered in each case by a vertically extending mask 44. The lateral masks 44 have in each case zigzag-shaped boundary edges 54, similar to the horizontally extending masks 44 at the upper edge 46 and the lower edge 48.

[0072] 8 and 9 show, for comparison purposes only, a measuring device 14 not according to the invention, in which the heating wire 52 is straight, not zigzag, and extends perpendicular to the receiver axis 42 seen in the projection, i.e. not according to the invention. Without the mask 44, the upper and lower edges 46 and 48 extending perpendicular to the receiver axis 42 seen in the projection would result in a diffraction pattern that would expand the total illuminated area 56 in the direction of the receiver axis 42 beyond, for example, three receiving areas 40. This would result in crosstalk of the received optical signal 32, for example from the top, into the first and third receiving areas 40, and therefore in a loss of accuracy in determining height information of the object 18.

Claims

1. an optical measuring device (14) for determining object information of an object (18) in at least one monitoring area (16), said optical measuring device (14) having at least one receiving device (26) for receiving an optical signal (32) coming from the at least one object (18); said at least one receiving device (26) comprises at least one electro-optical receiver (34) for converting an optical signal (32) into an electrical signal; an optical measuring device, in which at least one optical diffraction element (44, 52) is arranged in the receiving path (38) of said at least one receiving device (26) upstream of said at least one receiver (34), said at least one receiver (34) having a plurality of reception areas (40) arranged one behind the other as seen in the direction of the at least one receiver axis (42) and which can be evaluated separately with respect to the intensity of each received light, at least one boundary edge (50, 54) of at least one optically diffractive element (44, 52) does not extend, at least locally, perpendicular to the axis (42) of said at least one receiver (34) as seen in its projection onto said receiver; An optical measuring device comprising:

2. at least one boundary edge of at least one optical diffractive element is at least one edge of at least one optical lens; and / or at least one boundary edge (50) of at least one optical diffractive element (44) is the edge of a diaphragm or a mask, and / or at least one boundary edge (54) of at least one optically diffractive element (52) is an edge of a heating wire; and / or at least one boundary edge of at least one optically diffractive element is the edge of a window of the housing of said measuring device; 2. Optical measuring device according to claim 1 , characterized in that:

3. 3. An optical measuring device as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that more than 7 / 10 of the extent of at least one boundary edge (50, 54) of at least one optical diffractive element (44, 52) does not extend perpendicular to the axis of the at least one receiver (34) as seen in a projection onto the at least one receiver.

4. 4. An optical measuring device according to claim 1 , characterized in that at least one boundary edge (50, 54) of at least one optical diffractive element (44, 52) extends at least locally in a zigzag shape and / or at least locally in a wavy shape and / or in a zigzag shape with at least locally flat and / or rounded tips and / or has at least locally a free-form contour.

5. 5. The optical measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the optical measuring device (14) comprises a housing (20) arranged on at least one receiving device (26), the housing (20) having at least one window (22) through which an optical signal (32) can pass from a monitoring area (16) to the at least one receiving device (26).

6. 6. An optical measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one receiver (34) has a plurality of individual receiving elements with at least one receiving area (40) in each case and / or at least one receiver (34) has at least one line-type or area-type arrangement of a plurality of receiving areas (40).

7. 7. Optical measuring device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one rectangular or square optical lens (36) is arranged in the receiving light path (38).

8. 8. The optical measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the optical measuring device is designed to determine at least one orientation of at least one captured object with respect to the optical measuring device.

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