Method of constructing building, and formwork

Abstract

To facilitate a method of constructing a building using a resin composition as a structural material.SOLUTION: A method of constructing a building 11 includes a formwork installation step of installing a formwork 10 having flexible sheet materials 1, 2 and a structure space 6 which is defined by the sheet materials 1, 2 and, when expanded, forms a space corresponding to the shape of a structure 12 of the building 11 to be constructed; and a structure formation step of foaming a resin composition 13 containing a foaming agent in the structure space 6, and hardening the resin composition 13 foamed in the structure space 6 while the structure space 6 is in an expanded state, thereby forming the structure 12 of the building 11 made of foamed resin.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for constructing a building using foamed resin as a structural material. [Background technology]

[0002] Commonly used building materials include wood, stone, steel, concrete, and reinforced concrete. Meanwhile, Non-Patent Document 1 describes a method for constructing a building using polystyrene foam as a method for constructing a building using a special material. In this construction method, building components made of polystyrene foam are manufactured using a mold. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0003] [Non-Patent Document 1] Wataru Sekine and 4 others, "Development of a dome house using expanded polystyrene Part 1 Microtremor test and free vibration test", Volume: 2011, Page: 841-842, July 20, 2011, Architectural Institute of Japan, Abstracts of Academic Lectures B-1, Structure 1 (Architectural Institute of Japan, Abstracts of Academic Lectures B-1, Structure 1, Load, Reliability, Applied Mechanics, Structural Analysis, Foundation Structure, Shell, Spatial Structure) Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] However, in the building construction method of Non-Patent Document 1, it takes time to prepare the molds used to manufacture the building parts made of polystyrene foam. In addition, the building parts are manufactured in a factory and are bulky, so it is not easy to transport them to the building construction site.

[0005] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above circumstances, and has an object to facilitate a method for constructing a building using a resin composition as a structural material. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the first invention is a method for constructing a building, which includes a formwork installation step of installing a formwork having a flexible sheet material and a structure space that is partitioned by the sheet material and that has a shape corresponding to the structure shape of the building to be constructed when the space is expanded, and a structure formation step of foaming a resin composition containing a foaming agent in the structure space, and, with the structure space expanded, curing the resin composition foamed in the structure space, thereby forming the structure of the building made of foamed resin. Effect of the Invention

[0007] In the present invention, a building is constructed using a formwork having a flexible sheet material. The formwork is provided with a space for a body, which is a space partitioned by the sheet material and has a shape corresponding to the body shape of the building to be constructed when the space is expanded. A resin composition containing a foaming agent is foamed in the space for the body, and the resin composition foamed in the space for the body is cured while the space for the body is in an expanded state, thereby forming the body of the building made of foamed resin. Therefore, it does not take time to prepare a mold as in the past. In addition, since the building made of foamed resin is formed on site, transportation is not required. According to the present invention, it is possible to facilitate the construction of a building using a resin composition as a material for the body. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the external appearance of a building constructed by the method for constructing a building according to the first embodiment. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of a formwork used in the method for constructing a building according to the first embodiment. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a state at the completion of a foundation construction step in the building construction method according to the first embodiment. [Figure 4]FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a state at the completion of temporary installation of a formwork in the formwork installation step in the building construction method according to the first embodiment. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which the inner membrane of the formwork has been erected in the formwork installation step in the building construction method according to the first embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a state during a resin injection step in the method for constructing a building according to the first embodiment. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a mixer system used in the resin injection step in the method for constructing a building according to the first embodiment. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a state during the foaming and hardening step in the method for constructing a building according to the first embodiment. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a state at the completion of a finishing step in the method for constructing a building according to the first embodiment. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a state at the time of completion of a foundation construction step in the building construction method according to the second embodiment. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing a state at the time of completing a formwork installation step in the method for constructing a building according to the second embodiment. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a state at the time of completion of the resin injection step in the method for constructing a building according to the second embodiment. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing a state during a foaming and hardening step in the method for constructing a building according to the second embodiment. [Figure 14] FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing a state at the time of completion of the foaming and hardening step in the method for constructing a building according to the second embodiment. [Figure 15] FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing a state at the time of completion of a finishing step in the method for constructing a building according to the second embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0009] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the following embodiment is merely an example of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, its applications, or its uses.

[0010] First Embodiment This embodiment is a construction method (hereinafter referred to as "this construction method") for constructing a building 11 having a living space as an architectural structure. The shape of the building 11 is dome-shaped as shown in Fig. 1. In this construction method, a formwork (flexible formwork) 10 made of flexible sheet materials 1, 2, and 7 is used. The formwork 10 is foldable, making it easy to transport.

[0011] [1. About formwork] First, the formwork 10 will be described. As shown in Fig. 2, the formwork 10 is equipped with an inner membrane 1 and an outer membrane 2 as flexible sheet materials 1, 2. The formwork 10 is provided with a space 6 partitioned by the sheet materials 1, 2, which is a space for a framework 6 that, when the space 6 is expanded, assumes a shape corresponding to the shape of a framework 12 (see Fig. 9) of a building 11 to be constructed. The space for a framework 6 is provided between the inner membrane 1 and the outer membrane 2. The space for a framework 6 has a volume of, for example, 0.5 m when fully expanded. 3 That's all.

[0012] In the formwork 10, the inner space 5 of the inner membrane 1 is provided as a gas-filled space 5 filled with a gas such as air. The gas-filled space 5 is an enclosed space. The gas-filled space 5 is defined by the inner membrane 1 and a bottom sheet 7. The bottom sheet 7 is also made of a flexible sheet material. The inner membrane 1 is connected to the outer periphery of the bottom sheet 7. When the gas-filled space 5 is filled with gas, the inner membrane 1 assumes a dome shape.

[0013] The outer membrane 2 is a sheet material having approximately the same shape as the inner membrane 1, but one size larger. The outer membrane 2 is connected to the outer periphery of the bottom sheet 7, outside the connection point of the inner membrane 1. When the gas-filled space 5 and the space for the framework 6 are fully expanded, the outer membrane 2 has a dome shape as shown in FIG. 2, and faces the inner membrane 1 at a distance equivalent to the wall thickness of the framework 12. The space for the framework 6 is partitioned by the inner membrane 1, the outer membrane 2, and the bottom sheet 7.

[0014] In this embodiment, a flexible sheet material integrated with the inner membrane 1 and the outer membrane 2 is used for the bottom sheet 7, but a hard plate material may also be used. In the former case, the bottom sheet 7 is joined to the inner membrane 1 and the outer membrane 2 in advance, for example, in a factory. In the latter case, the bottom sheet 7 may be joined to the inner membrane 1 and the outer membrane 2 in advance, for example, in a factory, but may also be joined to the inner membrane 1 and the outer membrane 2 at the construction site of the building 11.

[0015] The formwork 10 is provided with a gas injection port 3 for injecting gas to inflate the gas-filled space 5, and a resin injection port 4 for injecting a resin composition containing a foaming material (hereinafter referred to as "resin material for the main body") 13 into the space for the main body 6.

[0016] The gas inlet 3 can be provided at a location that will become the opening 9 (the opening 9 where the window glass 21 or the door 23 or the like is installed) that connects the external space with the internal space 5 in the completed structure 12. In this case, the gas inlet 3 is provided so as to penetrate the inner membrane 1 and the outer membrane 2. The gas inlet 3 may be provided at another location (for example, the bottom sheet 7).

[0017] In the formwork 10, the resin injection port 4 is provided, for example, on the bottom side. The number of resin injection ports 4 in the formwork 10 may be one or two or more. For example, when the size of the building 10 is large, by providing multiple resin injection ports 4, the structure resin material 13 can be easily distributed throughout the structure space 6.

[0018] In the region of the sheet materials 1 and 2 of the formwork 10 that divides the space 5 for the framework, a vent is provided in the space (outer space or inner space 5 of the outer membrane 2) next to the space 6 for the framework sandwiched between the sheet materials 1 and 2 as the resin material 13 for the framework foams, allowing air in the space 6 for the framework to escape. The vent is a mesh gap (or weave) on the entire surface of the sheet materials 1 and 2 (inner membrane 1, outer membrane 2). The mesh gap is formed, for example, to a size that allows air to pass through but does not allow the resin material 13 for the framework to pass through. For the sheet materials 1 and 2, a breathable sheet material (for example, cloth, etc.) having a large number of mesh gaps is used. For example, a breathable sheet material is used for one or both of the inner membrane 1 and the outer membrane 2. This suppresses the generation of voids (areas not filled with resin) when the resin material 13 for the framework foams and hardens. The sheet materials 1 and 2 may have small holes (ventilation portions) through which only a small amount of the resin material 13 for the framework passes.

[0019] [2. How to construct buildings] Next, the present construction method will be described. The present construction method includes a base construction step, a formwork installation step, a resin injection step, and a foaming and hardening step, in this order.

[0020] The foundation construction step is a step of constructing the foundation 15 based on the planar shape of the skeleton 12 to be constructed. The material of the foundation 15 may be, for example, concrete or reinforced concrete. As shown in Fig. 3, the foundation 15 is constructed so that at least the lower part of the foundation 15 is buried in the ground. The upper surface of the foundation 15 is located on the ground in Fig. 3, but may be located below the ground. The foundation 15 has a wall-like portion that follows the outer periphery of the skeleton 12 to be constructed in a plan view.

[0021] Note that foamed resin may be used as the material for the foundation 15. In this case, a flexible formwork (not shown) can be used, similar to the formwork 10. This formwork has a flexible sheet material, and is provided with a space for a body, which is partitioned by the sheet material and has a shape corresponding to the shape of the foundation 15 to be constructed when the space is expanded.

[0022] A connecting member 16 is integrated into the foundation 15 as a member for connecting the foundation 15 and the skeleton 12. A part of the connecting member 16 is embedded in the foundation 15, and the rest is exposed from the foundation 15. The exposed part of the connecting member 16 is disposed in the space occupied by the lower part of the skeleton 12. In FIG. 3, the connecting member 16 protrudes from the upper surface of the foundation 15.

[0023] Furthermore, pillar members 17 are integrated with the foundation 15 as members for supporting the formwork 10 from below. The lower end of the pillar member 17 is embedded in the foundation 15, and the remainder protrudes upward from the foundation 15. In Fig. 3, the upper end of the pillar member 17 is provided so as to support the top of the formwork 10. Note that the pillar member 17 may be omitted.

[0024] The formwork installation step is a step of installing the formwork 10 in accordance with the foundation 15. In the formwork installation step of this embodiment, after the formwork 10 is temporarily installed, the inner membrane 1 of the formwork 10 is erected by filling the gas-filled space 5 with gas. "Erection" means that all or a part of the formwork 10 is shaped to correspond to the shape of the structure 12.

[0025] Temporary installation of the formwork 10 is a task of installing the formwork 10 while the gas-filled space 5 and the space for the main body 6 remain in a contracted state (a state in which there is almost no air in the gas-filled space 5 and the space for the main body 6), as shown in FIG. 4. The formwork 10 is installed so as to cover the column members 17 from above. The formwork 10 is installed so that the lower end of the inner membrane 1 is located near the upper end of the inner surface of the foundation 15, and the lower end of the outer membrane 2 is located near the upper end of the outer surface of the foundation 15. The outer periphery of the bottom sheet 7 is placed on the wall-like portion of the foundation 15. The bottom sheet 7 is provided so as to block the inner space of the wall-like portion of the foundation 15.

[0026] 5, the inner membrane 1 is erected in the formwork 10 by filling the gas filling space 5 with gas through the gas injection port 3. For example, a hose extending from the outlet of an air pump (not shown) is connected to the gas injection port 3, and gas is discharged from the air pump, thereby filling the gas filling space 5 with gas through the gas injection port 3.

[0027] The resin injection step is a step of injecting a body resin material 13 into the body space 6 from the resin injection port 4 in the formwork 10. As shown in Fig. 6, the body resin material 13 is injected into the body space 6 from a state in which almost no gas is present in the body space 6. This makes it possible to prevent voids from being formed in the body 12 of the building 11.

[0028] For example, when a plurality of different raw resins are mixed to obtain a structural resin material 13 at the construction site of the building 11, mixers 41, 42 (e.g., FIG. 7) are installed at the construction site of the building 11, and the outlet of the mixer 42 is connected to the resin injection port 4. In FIG. 7, a plurality of mixers 41, 42 are used, but the number of mixers 41, 42 may be one. Then, the raw resins are supplied from a plurality of containers 43, each containing a plurality of raw resins, to the mixers 41, 42 by a pump 44, whereby the structural resin material 13 containing the plurality of raw resins is supplied from the resin injection port 4 to the structural space 6.

[0029] The foaming and curing step is a step of foaming the resin material 13 for the framework in the space 6 for the framework to expand the space 6 for the framework, and curing the resin material 13 for the framework that has foamed in the space 6 for the framework while the space 6 for the framework is in an expanded state, thereby forming the framework 12 of the building 11 made of foamed resin. In the foaming and curing step, the resin material 13 for the framework foams, and as shown in Fig. 8, the space 6 for the framework is in an expanded state, and the outer membrane 2 is erected, and the outer membrane 2 becomes dome-shaped. Then, the resin material 13 for the framework gradually hardens, and after a predetermined time has passed, the framework 12 of the building 11 is completed.

[0030] After the skeleton 12 is completed, a finishing step is performed. In the finishing step, after the inner membrane 1 and the outer membrane 2 are removed, exterior construction, interior construction, floor installation, window installation, and the like may be performed.

[0031] In exterior construction, an outermost layer 18 is provided by plastering or the like so as to cover the outer surface of the structure 12. In interior construction, an innermost layer 19 is provided by plastering or the like so as to cover the inner surface of the structure 12. In floor installation work, floorboards 20 are provided so as to be supported by the foundations 15 or the like. In window installation work, window glass 21 is provided at the locations of the openings 9 where the injection ports 3 are provided, etc. Figure 9 shows the state after these construction works have been completed. In Figure 9, braces 22 are provided to reinforce the building 11.

[0032] In this embodiment, the opening 9 is provided in the formwork 10 in order to provide the opening 9 in the skeleton 12 in which the door 23 or window 21 or the like is to be installed. In this case, a plastic or metal frame material (a frame material for the door 23 or window 21) may be attached in advance to the skeleton space 6 of the formwork 10 so as to surround the opening 9. Note that the opening 9 may be provided by cutting the skeleton 12 after the skeleton resin material 13 is foamed and hardened.

[0033] In addition, in order to increase the strength of the completed building 11, in addition to the column members 17, reinforcing members such as beams may be attached in advance to match the formwork 10 during the formwork installation step, or the foam may be processed and installed after foaming.

[0034] [3. Materials, etc.] <3-1. Formwork materials> The material for the sheet materials 1, 2, 7 in the formwork 10 can be one type selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene resin including polystyrene, polyolefins such as polypropylene and polyethylene, polyesters such as polyacetal, polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate, organic films using thermoplastic resins such as (meth)acrylic resin, AS resin or ABS resin, metal films using aluminum or the like, or cloths such as organic fibers (natural fibers, synthetic fibers, carbon fibers, etc.), inorganic fibers or metal fibers, or two or more types selected from this group can be used.

[0035] The tensile modulus of the organic film is not limited as long as it does not impair the effects of this embodiment, and can be, for example, 50 GPa or less, preferably 30 GPa or less, and more preferably 20 GPa or less. The tensile modulus of the metal film is not limited as long as it does not impair the effects of this embodiment, and can be, for example, 150 GPa or less, preferably 100 GPa or less, and more preferably 80 GPa or less. The elastic modulus of the cloth is not limited as long as it does not impair the effects of this embodiment.

[0036] Furthermore, the thickness of the sheet materials 1, 2, and 7 used in the formwork 10 is not limited as long as it does not impair the effects of this embodiment, and can be, for example, 10 mm or less, preferably 8 mm or less, and more preferably 5 mm or less.

[0037] <3-2. Resin composition> The foamed resin (foam) constituting the framework 12 of the architectural structure (building, etc.) 11 can be at least one resin selected from the group consisting of urethane resins having isocyanate, vinyl resins including urea resins, (meth)acrylic resins, and styrene resins, epoxy resins, phenolic resins, ester resins, and amide resins, and two or more of the above resins may be mixed. The foamed resin is obtained by foaming and curing a resin composition, or by vaporizing a solvent that serves as a foaming agent. The resin composition (framework resin material) that is the material for the foamed resin contains a monomer compound (A), a curing agent or catalyst, a radical generator (B), and a foaming agent, and preferably contains a foam stabilizer and a flame retardant.

[0038] Each resin is one or more types of resin, and there is no problem if multiple resin systems are mixed. Also, by having multiple resin functional groups on one compound, it is possible to construct a complex network system.

[0039] <3-3. Raw materials for resin composition> <<3-3-1: Urea, raw material for urethane resin composition>> <<<3-3-1-1: Monomer compound (A): Polyisocyanate compound>>> The polyisocyanate compound (A) used in the resin composition (resin material for framework) of this embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it does not impair the effects of this embodiment. Examples of the polyisocyanate compound (A) include monomeric polyisocyanates and polymeric polyisocyanates. The monomeric polyisocyanate is a compound having a plurality of isocyanate groups at the terminals of the monomer structure. The polymeric polyisocyanate is a compound having a plurality of isocyanate groups at the terminals of the polymer structure. These polyisocyanate compounds (A) can be used alone or in combination.

[0040] Examples of the monomeric polyisocyanate include bifunctional polyisocyanate compounds such as 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI), 2,6-toluene diisocyanate (2,6-TDI), m-phenylene diisocyanate, p-phenylene diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (4,4'-MDI), 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (2,4'-MDI), 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (2,2'-MDI), hydrogenated MDI, and xylylene diisocyanate. Aromatics such as 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-biphenylene diisocyanate, 3,3'-dimethoxy-4,4'-biphenylene diisocyanate, polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate, 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), hydrogenated XDI, tetramethylxylene diisocyanate (TMXDI), cyclohexane-1,4-diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate, methylcyclohexane Alicyclic ones such as diisocyanates, alkylene ones such as butane-1,4-diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, isopropylene diisocyanate, methylene diisocyanate, lysine diisocyanate; trifunctional or higher polyisocyanates such as 1-methylbenzene-2,4,6-triisocyanate, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene-2,4,6-triisocyanate, biphenyl-2,4,4'-triisocyanate, diphenylmethane-2,4,4'-triisocyanate, methyldiisocyanate, Examples of the isocyanate include phenylmethane-4,6,4'-triisocyanate, 4,4'-dimethyldiphenylmethane-2,2',5,5' tetraisocyanate, triphenylmethane-4,4',4"-triisocyanate, polymeric MDI, lysine ester triisocyanate, 1,3,6-hexamethylene triisocyanate, 1,6,11-undecane triisocyanate, bicycloheptane triisocyanate, 1,8-diisocyanatomethyloctane, and the like; and can also include modified products and derivatives thereof.Examples of these modified products and derivatives include isocyanurate compounds of diisocyanate compounds, adduct compounds of diisocyanate compounds, biuret compounds of diisocyanate compounds, allophanate compounds of diisocyanate compounds, and carbodiimide modified compounds of diisocyanate compounds. These polyisocyanate compounds can be used alone or in combination. Since the monomeric polyisocyanate compound forms the urea skeleton of the polyurea foam, it can be freely selected in consideration of the desired properties of the polyurea foam. Among these monomeric polyisocyanates, aromatic isocyanates are preferred in terms of excellent reactivity, MDI or modified products or derivatives of MDI are more preferred, and monomeric MDI and crude MDI are even more preferred. These suitable aromatic isocyanates are preferred in terms of safety of the working environment because they have excellent reactivity when used as a foam.

[0041] The polymeric polyisocyanate compound includes a prepolymer obtained by reacting an excess amount of a polyisocyanate compound with an active hydrogen compound having two or more active hydrogen groups, such as a polyol compound or a polyamine compound. The polyol, polyamine compound, and polyisocyanate compound are raw materials for preparing the polymeric polyisocyanate, and are not included in the polyol, polyamine compound (B), and polyisocyanate compound (A) that are raw materials for the urea resin composition according to the present embodiment. Here, the polyisocyanate compound (C) may be the same as or different from the polyisocyanate compound (A).

[0042] Examples of such polyol compounds include polyester polyols and polyether polyols. Examples of polyester polyols include those obtained by condensation reaction of polyhydric alcohols and polycarboxylic acids. Examples of polyhydric alcohols include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, butylene glycol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, and the like. Examples of polycarboxylic acids include glutaric acid, adipic acid, maleic acid, phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and the like. These can be used alone or in combination. Examples of polyester polyols obtained by ring-opening condensation of caprolactone, methylvalerolactone, and the like can also be mentioned.

[0043] Examples of polyether polyols include those obtained by addition polymerization of oxides such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, trimethylene oxide, butylene oxide, etc., to polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, sorbitol, etc. These can be used alone or in combination.

[0044] The polyisocyanate compound (B) to be reacted with these polyol compounds is not particularly limited as long as it does not impair the effects of the present embodiment, and examples thereof include aliphatic or aromatic polyisocyanates, mixtures thereof, and modified polyisocyanates obtained by modifying them.

[0045] The polyamine compound is not particularly limited as long as it does not impair the effects of the present embodiment. Examples of the polyamine compound include aliphatic polyamines such as triethylenetetramine, aromatic polyamines such as metaphenylenediamine, and alicyclic polyamines such as isophoronediamine. Specifically, 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dichlorodiphenylmethane, trimethylene-bis(4-aminobenzoate), 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-diethyl-5,5'-dimethyldiphenylmethane, polytetramethylene oxide-di-p-aminobenzoate, 2,2',6,6'-tetraethyl-4,4'-methylenedianiline, 4,4'-methylenebis(2-isopropyl-6-methylaniline), 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-diisopropylaniline), 4,4'-methylenebis(3-chloro-2,6-diethylaniline), 3,5-diethyltoluene-2,4-diamine, and dimethylthiotoluenediamine can be mentioned. These can be used alone or in combination. The polyamine compound may be the same as or different from the polyamine compound (B) described later.

[0046] The NCO% of the polyisocyanate compound (A) is not limited as long as it does not impair the effects of the present embodiment, and can be, for example, 5 to 40%, preferably 10 to 35%, and more preferably 15 to 35%. When the NCO% of the polyisocyanate compound (A) is large, a foam having low thermal conductivity and capable of suppressing deterioration over time in a humid and hot environment can be obtained.

[0047] <<<3-3-1-2: Hardeners, catalysts, radical generators (B): polyols, polyamine compounds, trimerization catalysts (B)>>>

[0048] The polyol compound reacts with isocyanate to form a urethane bond. The polyamine compound reacts with isocyanate to form a urea bond. The trimerization catalyst reacts with isocyanate to form an isocyanuric ring.

[0049] The polyol compound is not particularly limited as long as it does not impair the effects of this embodiment. Examples of the polyol compound (B) include polyester polyols and polyether polyols. Examples of the polyester polyols include those obtained by a condensation reaction between a polyhydric alcohol and a polycarboxylic acid. Examples of the polyhydric alcohol include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, butylene glycol, glycerin, and trimethylolpropane. Examples of the polycarboxylic acid include glutaric acid, adipic acid, maleic acid, phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, and isophthalic acid. These can be used alone or in combination. Examples of the polyester polyols include those obtained by ring-opening condensation of caprolactone, methylvalerolactone, and the like.

[0050] Examples of polyether polyols include those obtained by addition polymerization of oxides such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, trimethylene oxide, butylene oxide, etc., to polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, sorbitol, etc. These can be used alone or in combination.

[0051] The polyamine compound is not particularly limited as long as it does not impair the effects of this embodiment. Examples of the polyamine compound (B) include aliphatic polyamines such as triethylenetetramine, aromatic polyamines such as metaphenylenediamine, and alicyclic polyamines such as isophoronediamine. Specifically, 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dichlorodiphenylmethane, trimethylene-bis(4-aminobenzoate), 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-diethyl-5,5'-dimethyldiphenylmethane, polytetramethylene oxide-di-p-aminobenzoate, 2,2',6,6'-tetraethyl-4,4'-methylenedianiline, 4,4'-methylenebis(2-isopropyl-6-methylaniline), 4,4'-methylene Examples of commercially available products include Iharacureamine MT, Iharacureamine M liquid, CUA-4, Curehard MED, Elasmer 250P, and Elasmer 1000P manufactured by Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.; Lonzacure M-DEA, Lonzacure M-MIPA, Lonzacure M-DIPA, and Lonzacure M-CDEA manufactured by Lonza Japan Co., Ltd.; Ethacure 100, Ethacure 300, Ethacure 410, and Ethacure 420 manufactured by Albemarle Co., Ltd.; VERSALINK 740 manufactured by Evonik Nutrition & Care Co., Ltd.; and ANCAMINE 2049 manufactured by Evonik Co., Ltd. These may be used alone or in combination.

[0052] Examples of the trimerization catalyst include metal oxides such as lithium oxide, sodium oxide, and potassium oxide; alkoxides such as sodium methoxy, sodium ethoxy, sodium propoxy, sodium butoxy, potassium methoxy, potassium ethoxy, potassium propoxy, and potassium butoxy; organic metal salts such as potassium acetate, potassium octylate, potassium caprylate, and iron oxalate; 2,4,6-tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol, N,N',N"-tris(dimethylaminopropyl)hexahydrotriazine, triethylenediamine, 1,3,5-tris(diaminopropyl)phenyl, N,N',N"-tris(dimethyl ... Examples of the tertiary amines include tertiary amines such as hexahydro-s-triazine (methylaminopropyl); derivatives of ethyleneimine; acetylacetone chelates of alkali metals, aluminum, and transition metals; quaternary ammonium salts; diazabicycloundecene (DBU); and the like. These can be used alone or in combination. Of these, it is more preferable to use tertiary amines, organic metal salts, and diazabicycloundecene, and it is even more preferable to use tertiary amines and diazabicycloundecene. A foam having excellent adhesiveness during application can be obtained.

[0053] <<3-3-2: Raw materials for radical reactive vinyl resin composition>> <<<3-3-2-1: Monomer compound (A): Radical reactive vinyl compound>>> When the radical-reactive vinyl compound (A) receives an external stimulus and generates radicals from a radical generator, a crosslinking reaction or the like occurs in the (A) component, causing it to harden. The (A) component may be used alone or in combination of two or more types.

[0054] As the radical reactive vinyl compound (A) component, a compound capable of promoting a crosslinking reaction can be used. Such a compound is preferably a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond, and more preferably a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond and at least one of the carbon atoms at the α-position of the ethylenically unsaturated bond is bonded to a carbonyl group or an aromatic group. The carbon atom at the α-position of the ethylenically unsaturated bond refers to the first carbon atom adjacent to the carbon atom bonded by the carbon-carbon double bond.

[0055] The ethylenically unsaturated group is usually a monovalent group, for example, a vinyl group, an allyl group, a propargyl group, a butenyl group, an ethynyl group, a phenylethynyl group, a maleimide group, a nadiimide group, and a (meth)acryloyl group. From the viewpoint of the reactivity of radical polymerization, a (meth)acryloyl group and a phenylethynyl group are preferred, and a (meth)acryloyl group is particularly preferred. The "(meth)acryloyl group" includes a methacryloyl group, an acryloyl group, and a combination thereof. Since the (A) component contains an ethylenically unsaturated bond, radical polymerization is possible, but in order to perform radical polymerization under general conditions, a compound having a carbonyl group or an aromatic group at at least one of the α positions of the ethylenically unsaturated bond is preferred. The number of ethylenically unsaturated bonds per molecule of the (A) component is preferably one or more. In addition, when the (A) component contains two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups per molecule, the ethylenically unsaturated groups may be the same or different.

[0056] The radical reactive vinyl compound (A) may be a commercially available product, such as styrene monomer and divinylbenzene manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical and Materials Co., Ltd., or NK Ester-D-TMP, 4G, 9G, 14G, 23G, and DCP manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0057] <<<3-3-2-2: Hardeners, catalysts, radical generators (B): Radical generators>>> The radical generator (B) generates radicals by irradiation with heat or actinic rays, and the crosslinking reaction can proceed by these radicals. In the resin composition, the part where the crosslinking reaction by the radicals occurs can be cured to become a cured product. The (B) component may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0058] Examples of the thermal radical generator (B) component include 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), dicumyl peroxide, cyclohexanone peroxide, tert-butyl peroxybenzoate, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, tert-butylcumyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, diisopropylbenzene hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide.

[0059] As the thermal radical generator (B), a commercially available product may be used, for example, "Percumyl D" manufactured by NOF Corporation.

[0060] Examples of the radical generator (B) component that generates radicals when irradiated with actinic rays include benzophenone, o-benzoyl methyl benzoate, 4-benzoyl-4'-methyl diphenyl ketone, dibenzyl ketone, fluorenone and other benzophenone derivatives, 2,2'-diethoxyacetophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone and other acetophenone derivatives, thioxanthone, 2-methylthioxanthone, 2-isopropylthioxanthone, diethylthioxanthone and other thioxanthone derivatives; benzil, benzil dimethyl ketal, benzyl-β-methoxyethyl acetal and other benzyl derivatives; benzoin, benzoin methyl ether and other benzoin derivatives; 1-phenyl-1,2-butanediol, benzoin methyl ether and other benzoin derivatives; oximes such as 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione-2-(o-methoxycarbonyl)oxime, 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione-2-(o-methoxycarbonyl)oxime, 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione-2-(o-ethoxycarbonyl)oxime, 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione-2-(o-benzoyl)oxime, 1,3-diphenylpropanetrione-2-(o-ethoxycarbonyl)oxime, and 1-phenyl-3-ethoxypropanetrione-2-(o-benzoyl)oxime; N-arylglycines such as N-phenylglycine; peroxides such as benzoyl perchloride; aromatic biimidazoles; titanocenes; and α-(n-octanesulfonyloxyimino)-4-methoxybenzyl cyanide.

[0061] As the agent (B) that generates radicals by irradiation with actinic rays, commercially available products may be used, such as "Omnirad-819", "Irgacure-OXE02", and "Irgacure-OXE04" manufactured by BASF.

[0062] <<3-3-3: Raw materials for cationic reactive vinyl resin composition>> <<<3-3-3-1: Monomer compound (A): Cation reactive vinyl compound>>> As the cationic reactive vinyl compound (A) component, a compound capable of promoting a crosslinking reaction can be used. Such a compound is preferably a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond, and more preferably a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond and at least one carbon atom at the α-position of the ethylenically unsaturated bond is bonded to an ether group or an aromatic group. The carbon atom at the α-position of the ethylenically unsaturated bond refers to the first carbon atom adjacent to the carbon atom bonded by the carbon-carbon double bond.

[0063] The ethylenically unsaturated group is usually a monovalent group, such as a vinyl group, an allyl group, a propargyl group, a butenyl group, an ethynyl group, a phenylethynyl group, a vinyl ether group, etc., and from the viewpoint of cationic polymerization reactivity, a vinyl ether group and a phenylethynyl group are preferred. The (A) component contains an ethylenically unsaturated bond, so that cationic polymerization is possible, but in order to carry out cationic polymerization under general conditions, a compound having an ether group or an aromatic group at least at one of the α positions of the ethylenically unsaturated bond is preferred. The number of ethylenically unsaturated bonds per molecule of the (A) component is preferably 1 or more, more preferably 2 or more. In addition, when the (A) component contains two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups per molecule, the ethylenically unsaturated groups may be the same or different.

[0064] Examples of the vinyl ether compound include methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, 2-chlorovinyl ether, n-propyl vinyl ether, allyl vinyl ether, isopropyl vinyl ether, n-butyl vinyl ether, isobutyl vinyl ether, isobutyl vinyl ether, tert-butyl vinyl ether, n-pentyl vinyl ether, isopentyl vinyl ether, tert-pentyl vinyl ether, n-hexyl vinyl ether, isohexyl vinyl ether, 2-ethylbutyl vinyl ether, 2-ethylhexyl vinyl ether, n-heptyl vinyl ether, n-octyl vinyl ether, nonyl vinyl ether, decyl vinyl ether, dodecyl vinyl ether, hexanedecyl vinyl ether, octadecyl vinyl ether, ethoxymethyl vinyl ether, 2-methoxyethyl vinyl ether, 2-ethoxyethyl vinyl ether, 2-butoxyethyl vinyl ether, acetoxymethyl vinyl ether, 2-acetoxyethyl vinyl ether, 3-acetoxypropyl vinyl ether, 4-acetoxybutyl vinyl ether, 4-ethoxybutyl vinyl ether, ether, 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl vinyl ether, 3-hydroxypropyl vinyl ether, 4-hydroxybutyl vinyl ether, 5-hydroxypentyl vinyl ether, 6-hydroxyhexyl vinyl ether, diethylene glycol monovinyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl vinyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl vinyl ether, triethylene glycol monovinyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monovinyl ether, polyethylene glycol monovinyl ether, propylene glycol monovinyl ether, dipropylene glycol monovinyl ether, tripropylene glycol monovinyl ether, polypropylene glycol monovinyl ether, 4-hydroxycyclohexyl vinyl ether, cyclohexyldimethanol monovinyl ether, trimethylolpropane monovinyl ether, ethylene oxide-added trimethylolpropane monovinyl ether, pentaerythritol monovinyl ether, ethylene oxide-added pentaerythritol monovinyl ether, cyclohexyl vinyl ether, cycloxylmethyl vinyl ether,Cyclohexyl ethyl vinyl ether, menthyl vinyl ether, tetrahydrofurfuryl vinyl ether, norbornenyl vinyl ether, 1-adamantyl vinyl ether, 2-adamantyl vinyl ether, phenyl vinyl ether, benzyl vinyl ether, 1-naphthyl vinyl ether, 2-naphthyl vinyl ether, glycidyl vinyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl vinyl ether, triethylene glycol methyl vinyl ether, divinyl ether, ethylene glycol divinyl ether, diethylene glycol divinyl ether (DEGVE), triethylene glycol divinyl ether, tetraethylene glycol divinyl ether, polyethylene glycol divinyl ether, propylene glycol, divinyl ether, dipropylene glycol divinyl ether, tripropylene glycol divinyl ether, polypropylene glycol divinyl ether, butanediol divinyl ether, neopentyl glycol divinyl ether, hexanediol divinyl ether, nonanediol divinyl ether, hydroquinone divinyl ether, 1,4-cyclohexanediol divinyl ether (CHODVE), 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol divinyl ether (CHDVE), trimethylolpropane divinyl ether, ethylene oxide-added trimethylolpropane divinyl ether, pentaerythritol divinyl ether, ethylene oxide-added pentaerythritol divinyl ether, trimethylolpropane trivinyl ether, ethylene oxide-added trimethylolpropane trivinyl ether (TMPEOTVE), pentaerythritol trivinyl ether, ethylene oxide-added pentaerythritol trivinyl ether, pentaerythritol tetravinyl ether, ethylene oxide-added pentaerythritol tetravinyl ether, ditrimethylolpropane tetravinyl ether, dipentaerythritol hexavinyl ether, etc., are not limited thereto.

[0065] <<<3-3-3-2: Hardeners, catalysts, radical generators (B): acids or acid generators>>> The acid or acid generator (B) component is an acid itself or generates an acid by exposure to heat or actinic rays, and the crosslinking reaction can proceed by the acid. In the resin composition, the part where the crosslinking reaction by the acid occurs can be cured to become a cured product. The (B) component may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0066] Examples of the acid include, but are not limited to, sulfuric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, trifluoromethylsulfuric acid, titanium chloride, aluminum chloride, and the like.

[0067] The acid generator may be either a photoacid generator or a thermal acid generator. Examples of the photoacid generator include, but are not limited to, CI-1370, CI-2064, CI-2397, CI-2624, CI-2639, CI-2734, CI-2758, CI-2823, CI-2855 and CI-5102 manufactured by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd., ADEKA OPTOMER SP-150, ADEKA OPTOMER SP-152, ADEKA OPTOMER SP-170, ADEKA OPTOMER SP-172 and ADEKA OPTOMER SP-300 manufactured by ADEKA CORPORATION, and CPI-100P, CPI-110P, CPI-101A, CPI-200K and CPI-210S manufactured by San-Apro Co., Ltd. Examples of the thermal acid generator include, but are not limited to, San-Aid SI-60L, San-Aid SI-80L, San-Aid SI-100L, and San-Aid SI-150L manufactured by Sanshin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.

[0068] <<3-3-4: Raw materials for epoxy resin composition>> <<<3-3-4-1: Monomer compound (A): Epoxy compound>>> Examples of the epoxy compound (A) component include bixylenol type epoxy compounds, bisphenol A type epoxy compounds, bisphenol F type epoxy compounds, bisphenol S type epoxy compounds, bisphenol AF type epoxy compounds, dicyclopentadiene type epoxy compounds, trisphenol type epoxy compounds, naphthol novolac type epoxy compounds, phenol novolac type epoxy compounds, tert-butyl-catechol type epoxy compounds, naphthalene type epoxy compounds, naphthol type epoxy compounds, anthracene type epoxy compounds, glycidylamine type epoxy compounds, glycidyl ester type epoxy compounds, cresol novolac type epoxy compounds, biphenyl type epoxy compounds, linear aliphatic epoxy compounds, epoxy compounds having a butadiene structure, alicyclic epoxy compounds, heterocyclic epoxy compounds, spiro ring-containing epoxy compounds, cyclohexane type epoxy compounds, cyclohexane dimethanol type epoxy compounds, naphthylene ether type epoxy compounds, trimethylol type epoxy compounds, tetraphenylethane type epoxy compounds, etc. The epoxy compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more types.

[0069] The epoxy compound may be a solid epoxy compound, and specific examples thereof include "HP4032H" (a naphthalene type epoxy compound) manufactured by DIC Corporation; "HP-4700" and "HP-4710" (a naphthalene type tetrafunctional epoxy compound) manufactured by DIC Corporation; "N-690" (a cresol novolac type epoxy compound) manufactured by DIC Corporation; "N-695" (a cresol novolac type epoxy compound) manufactured by DIC Corporation; "HP-7200", "HP-7200HH", and "HP-72 00H" (dicyclopentadiene type epoxy compound); "EXA-7311", "EXA-7311-G3", "EXA-7311-G4", "EXA-7311-G4S", "HP6000" (naphthylene ether type epoxy compound) manufactured by DIC; "EPPN-502H" (trisphenol type epoxy compound) manufactured by Nippon Kayaku; "NC7000L" (naphthol novolac type epoxy compound) manufactured by Nippon Kayaku; "NC3000H" and "NC3000" manufactured by Nippon Kayaku, "NC3000L", "NC3100" (biphenyl type epoxy compound); "ESN475V" (naphthol type epoxy compound) manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical & Material Co., Ltd.; "ESN485" (naphthol novolac type epoxy compound) manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical & Material Co., Ltd.; "YX4000H", "YX4000", "YL6121" (biphenyl type epoxy compound) manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Ltd.; "YX4000HK" (bixylenol type epoxy compound) manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Ltd.; Mitsubishi Chemical Examples of epoxy compounds include "YX8800" (anthracene type epoxy compound) manufactured by Osaka Gas Chemicals Co., Ltd.; "PG-100" and "CG-500" manufactured by Osaka Gas Chemicals Co., Ltd.; "YL7760" (bisphenol AF type epoxy compound) manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation; "YL7800" (fluorene type epoxy compound) manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation; "jER1010" (solid bisphenol A type epoxy compound) manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation; and "jER1031S" (tetraphenylethane type epoxy compound) manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more types.

[0070] As the liquid epoxy compound, bisphenol A type epoxy compounds, bisphenol F type epoxy compounds, bisphenol AF type epoxy compounds, naphthalene type epoxy compounds, glycidyl ester type epoxy compounds, glycidyl amine type epoxy compounds, phenol novolac type epoxy compounds, alicyclic epoxy compounds having an ester skeleton, cyclohexane type epoxy compounds, cyclohexane dimethanol type epoxy compounds, glycidyl amine type epoxy compounds, and epoxy compounds having a butadiene structure are preferred, and naphthalene type epoxy compounds are more preferred.

[0071] Specific examples of liquid epoxy compounds include "HP4032", "HP4032D", and "HP4032SS" (naphthalene type epoxy compounds) manufactured by DIC Corporation; "828US", "jER828EL", "825", and "Epikote 828EL" (bisphenol A type epoxy compounds) manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation; "jER807" and "1750" (bisphenol F type epoxy compounds) manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation; "jER152" (phenol novolac type epoxy compound) manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation; and "630" and "630LSD" (glycidylamine type epoxy compounds) manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation. ); "ZX1059" (a mixture of bisphenol A type epoxy compound and bisphenol F type epoxy compound) manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical & Material Co., Ltd.; "EX-721" (a glycidyl ester type epoxy compound) manufactured by Nagase ChemteX Corporation; "Celloxide 2021P" (an alicyclic epoxy compound having an ester skeleton) manufactured by Daicel Corporation; "PB-3600" (an epoxy compound having a butadiene structure) manufactured by Daicel Corporation; "ZX1658" and "ZX1658GS" (liquid 1,4-glycidylcyclohexane type epoxy compound) manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical & Material Co., Ltd. may be used alone or in combination of two or more types.

[0072] <<<3-3-4-2: Hardeners, catalysts, radical generators (B): Hardeners (B)>>> The curing agent (B) may be a phenol-based, carbodiimide-based, amine-based, thiol-based, phosphorus-based, etc. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0073] The phenol-based curing agent includes a curing agent having one or more, preferably two or more, hydroxyl groups bonded to an aromatic ring (such as a benzene ring or a naphthalene ring) in one molecule. Among them, a compound having a hydroxyl group bonded to a benzene ring is preferred. In addition, from the viewpoint of heat resistance and water resistance, a phenol-based curing agent having a novolac structure is preferred.

[0074] Specific examples of phenol-based curing agents and naphthol-based curing agents include "MEH-7700", "MEH-7810", "MEH-7851", and "MEH-8000H" manufactured by Meiwa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.; "NHN", "CBN", and "GPH" manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.; and "SN-170", "SN-180", "SN-190", "SN-475", "SN-485", "SN-495", "SN-495V", and "SN-375" manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical & Material Co., Ltd. and "SN-395" manufactured by DIC Corporation; "TD-2090", "TD-2090-60M", "LA-7052", "LA-7054", "LA-1356", "LA-3018", "LA-3018-50P", "EXB-9500", "HPC-9500", "KA-1160", "KA-1163", and "KA-1165" manufactured by Gun-ei Chemical Co., Ltd.; and "GDP-6115L", "GDP-6115H", and "ELPC75" manufactured by Gun-ei Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0075] Specific examples of carbodiimide-based curing agents include "V-03", "V-05", and "V-07" manufactured by Nisshinbo Chemical Inc.; and Stavaxol (registered trademark) P manufactured by Rhein Chemie.

[0076] Examples of the acid anhydride curing agent include a curing agent having one or more acid anhydride groups in one molecule.Specific examples of the acid anhydride curing agent include phthalic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, 4-methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride, methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride, methylnadic anhydride, hydrogenated methylnadic anhydride, trialkyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, dodecenyl succinic anhydride, 5-(2,5-dioxotetrahydro-3-furanyl)-3-methyl-3-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, and benzophenone. Examples of the acid anhydride include tetracarboxylic dianhydride, biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, oxydiphthalic dianhydride, 3,3'-4,4'-diphenylsulfonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,3,3a,4,5,9b-hexahydro-5-(tetrahydro-2,5-dioxo-3-furanyl)-naphtho[1,2-C]furan-1,3-dione, ethylene glycol bis(anhydrotrimellitate), and polymeric acid anhydrides such as styrene-maleic acid resins in which styrene and maleic acid are copolymerized. Commercially available acid anhydride curing agents may be used, such as "MH-700" manufactured by New Japan Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0077] The amine-based curing agent may be a curing agent having one or more amino groups in one molecule, such as aliphatic amines, polyether amines, alicyclic amines, aromatic amines, etc., and among them, aromatic amines are preferred from the viewpoint of achieving the desired effects of the present embodiment. The amine-based curing agent is preferably a primary amine or a secondary amine, and more preferably a primary amine. Specific examples of amine-based curing agents include 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-dimethylaniline), diphenyldiaminosulfone, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone, 3,3'-diaminodiphenylsulfone, m-phenylenediamine, m-xylylenediamine, diethyltoluenediamine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylether, 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 3,3'-dihydroxybenzidine, 2,2-bis(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanediamine, and the like. bis(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl)propane, 3,3-dimethyl-5,5-diethyl-4,4-diphenylmethanediamine, 2,2-bis(4-aminophenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl)propane, 1,3-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzene, 1,3-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene, 1,4-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene, 4,4'-bis(4-aminophenoxy)biphenyl, bis(4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl)sulfone, bis(4-(3-aminophenoxy)phenyl)sulfone, and the like.

[0078] As the amine-based curing agent, commercially available products may be used, and examples thereof include "KAYABOND C-200S", "KAYABOND C-100", "KAYAHARD AA", "KAYAHARD AB", and "KAYAHARD AS" manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., and "Epicure W" manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation.

[0079] The thiol-based curing agent is a compound having two or more mercapto groups in one molecule.

[0080] Examples of the thiol compound include partial esters of polyols and mercapto organic acids, and complete esters of polyols and mercapto organic acids. Here, the partial ester refers to an ester of a polyol and a carboxylic acid in which some of the hydroxyl groups of the polyol form ester bonds, and the complete ester refers to an ester of a polyol and a carboxylic acid in which all of the hydroxyl groups of the polyol form ester bonds.

[0081] Examples of polyols include ethylene glycol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, and dipentaerythritol.

[0082] Examples of mercapto organic acids include mercapto aliphatic monocarboxylic acids such as mercaptoacetic acid, mercaptopropionic acid (e.g., 3-mercaptopropionic acid), and mercaptobutyric acid (e.g., 3-mercaptobutyric acid and 4-mercaptobutyric acid); esters containing a mercapto group and a carboxy group obtained by esterification of a hydroxy acid with a mercapto organic acid; mercapto aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as mercaptosuccinic acid and dimercaptosuccinic acid (e.g., 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid); and mercapto aromatic monocarboxylic acids such as mercaptobenzoic acid (e.g., 4-mercaptobenzoic acid). The number of carbon atoms in the mercapto aliphatic monocarboxylic acid is preferably 2 to 8, more preferably 2 to 6, even more preferably 2 to 4, and particularly preferably 3. Among the above mercapto organic acids, mercapto aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having 2 to 8 carbon atoms are preferred, mercaptoacetic acid, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, 3-mercaptobutyric acid and 4-mercaptobutyric acid are more preferred, and 3-mercaptopropionic acid is even more preferred.

[0083] Specific examples of partial esters of polyols and mercapto organic acids include trimethylolethane bis(mercaptoacetate), trimethylolethane bis(3-mercaptopropionate), trimethylolethane bis(3-mercaptobutyrate), trimethylolethane bis(4-mercaptobutyrate), trimethylolpropane bis(mercaptoacetate), trimethylolpropane bis(3-mercaptopropionate), trimethylolpropane bis(3-mercaptobutyrate), trimethylolpropane bis(4-mercaptobutyrate). pentaerythritol tris(mercaptoacetate), pentaerythritol tris(3-mercaptopropionate), pentaerythritol tris(3-mercaptobutyrate), pentaerythritol tris(4-mercaptobutyrate), dipentaerythritol tetrakis(mercaptoacetate), dipentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate), dipentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptobutyrate), dipentaerythritol tetrakis(4-mercaptobutyrate), and the like.

[0084] Specific examples of complete esters of polyols and mercapto organic acids include ethylene glycol bis(mercaptoacetate), ethylene glycol bis(3-mercaptopropionate), ethylene glycol bis(3-mercaptobutyrate), ethylene glycol bis(4-mercaptobutyrate), trimethylolethane tris(mercaptoacetate), trimethylolethane tris(3-mercaptopropionate), trimethylolethane tris(3-mercaptobutyrate), trimethylolethane tris(4-mercaptobutyrate), trimethylolpropane tris(mercaptoacetate), trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate), trimethylolethane tris(4-mercaptobutyrate), trimethylolpropane tris(mercaptoacetate), trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate), trimethylolethane tris(4-mercaptobutyrate), trimethylolpropane tris(mercaptoacetate), trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate), trimethylolethane tris(4-mercaptobutyrate), trimethylolpropane tris(4-mercaptoacetate), trimethylolpropane tris(4-mercaptopropionate), trimethylolpropane tris(4-mercaptobutyrate ...butyrate), trimethylolpropane tris(4-mercaptobutyrate), trimethylolpropane tris(4-mercaptobutyrate), trimethylolpropane tris(4-mercaptobutyrate), trimethylolpropane tris(4-mercaptobutyrate), trimethylolpropane tris(4-mercapto Examples of the mercaptobutyrate include methylolpropane tris(3-mercaptobutyrate), trimethylolpropane tris(4-mercaptobutyrate), pentaerythritol tetrakis(mercaptoacetate), pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate), pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptobutyrate), pentaerythritol tetrakis(4-mercaptobutyrate), dipentaerythritol hexakis(mercaptoacetate), dipentaerythritol hexakis(3-mercaptopropionate), dipentaerythritol hexakis(3-mercaptobutyrate), and dipentaerythritol hexakis(4-mercaptobutyrate).

[0085] In addition, as the thiol-based curing agent, polythiol compounds produced using a basic substance as a reaction catalyst in the production process, such as alkane polythiol compounds such as 1,4-butanedithiol, 1,6-hexaneedithiol, and 1,10-decanedithiol; terminal mercapto group-containing polyethers; terminal mercapto group-containing polythioethers; polythiol compounds obtained by reacting an epoxy compound with hydrogen sulfide; and polythiol compounds having terminal mercapto groups obtained by reacting a polythiol compound with an epoxy compound, can also be used.

[0086] Furthermore, examples of thiol-based curing agents that can be used include tris[(3-mercaptopropionyloxy)ethyl]isocyanurate, 1,4-bis(3-mercaptobutyryloxy)butane, 1,3,5-tris(3-mercaptobutyryloxyethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione, tris(3-mercaptopropyl)isocyanurate, bis(3-mercaptopropyl)isocyanurate, 1,3,4,6-tetrakis(2-mercaptoethyl)glycoluril, and 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenyl bis(3-mercaptopropyl)ether.

[0087] <<3-3-5: Foaming agent>> The foaming agent according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present embodiment is not impaired. Examples of the foaming agent include water, hydrocarbons (preferably C4 to C6), hydrofluoroolefins, carbon dioxide gas, and nitrogen gas. Specific examples include carbon dioxide gas generated by the reaction of isocyanate with water, cyclopentane, HFO (1336mzz), HFO (1233zd), and carbon dioxide gas and 2-methylpropene generated by the reaction of di-t-butyl dicarbonate with acid. These can be used alone or in combination.

[0088] <<3-3-6: Foam stabilizer>> The foam stabilizer according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present embodiment is not impaired. Examples of the foam stabilizer include polymers, silicone compounds, nonionic surfactants, etc. These can be used alone or in combination.

[0089] <<3-3-7: Fuel>> The resin composition (resin material for the framework) according to the present embodiment may contain a flame retardant. The flame retardant is not particularly limited as long as it does not impair the effect of the present embodiment, and examples thereof include red phosphorus, phosphoric acid ester, phosphate-containing flame retardant, bromine-containing flame retardant, boron-containing flame retardant, antimony-containing flame retardant, and metal hydroxide. These may be used alone or in combination. Among these, it is preferable to include at least one selected from red phosphorus or phosphate ester, phosphate-containing flame retardant, bromine-containing flame retardant, boron-containing flame retardant, antimony-containing flame retardant and metal hydroxide, more preferably to include red phosphorus, and more preferably to include at least one selected from red phosphorus, phosphate-containing flame retardant, bromine-containing flame retardant, boron-containing flame retardant, antimony-containing flame retardant and metal hydroxide, and particularly preferably to include red phosphorus and phosphate ester, and further to include at least one selected from chlorine-containing phosphate ester, phosphate-containing flame retardant, bromine-containing flame retardant, boron-containing flame retardant, antimony-containing flame retardant and metal hydroxide, and particularly preferably to include red phosphorus, phosphate ester and bromine-containing flame retardant. When the urea resin composition according to the present embodiment includes these flame retardants, it is possible to obtain a polyurea foam having excellent flame retardancy and shape retention during combustion, capable of suppressing deterioration over time in a moist and hot environment, and excellent adhesion to an adherend during coating. Moreover, other flame retardants than these flame retardants may be contained.

[0090] The phosphate ester according to this embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it does not impair the effects of this embodiment. Examples of the phosphoric acid ester include aromatic phosphoric acid esters such as triphenyl phosphate, cresyl diphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, trixylenyl phosphate, tris(t-butylated phenyl) phosphate, tris(i-propylated phenyl) phosphate, and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate; aromatic condensed phosphoric acid esters such as 1,3-phenylene bis(diphenyl phosphate), 1,3-phenylene bis(dixylenyl) phosphate, resorcinol bis(diphenyl) phosphate, and bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate); halogen-containing phosphoric acid esters such as tris(dichloropropyl) phosphate, tris(β-chloropropyl) phosphate, and tris(chloroethyl) phosphate; halogen-containing condensed phosphoric acid esters such as 2,2-bis(chloromethyl)trimethylene bis(bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate), and polyoxyalkylene bisdichloroalkyl phosphate; and the like. These can be used alone or in combination.

[0091] The phosphate-containing flame retardant according to this embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it does not impair the effects of this embodiment. Examples of the phosphate-containing flame retardant include monophosphates, ammonium salts such as ammonium phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and diammonium hydrogen phosphate; sodium salts such as monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, trisodium phosphate, monosodium phosphite, disodium phosphite, and sodium hypophosphite; potassium salts such as monopotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, tripotassium phosphate, monopotassium phosphite, dipotassium phosphite, and potassium hypophosphite; lithium salts such as monolithium phosphate, dilithium phosphate, trilithium phosphate, monolithium phosphite, dilithium phosphite, and lithium hypophosphite; barium salts such as barium dihydrogen phosphate, barium hydrogen phosphate, tribarium phosphate, and barium hypophosphite; magnesium salts such as monohydrogen magnesium phosphate, magnesium hydrogen phosphate, trimagnesium phosphate, and magnesium hypophosphite; calcium salts such as calcium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, and calcium hypophosphite; zinc salts such as zinc phosphate, zinc phosphite, and zinc hypophosphite; and aluminum salts such as monoaluminum phosphate, dialuminum phosphate, trialuminum phosphate, aluminum phosphite, and aluminum hypophosphite. Examples of polyphosphates include ammonium polyphosphate, piperazine polyphosphate, melamine polyphosphate, ammonium amide polyphosphate, aluminum polyphosphate, etc. These may be used alone or in combination.

[0092] The bromine-containing flame retardant according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it does not impair the effect of the present embodiment. Examples of the bromine-containing flame retardant include pentabromodiphenyl ether, octabromodiphenyl ether, decabromodiphenyl ether, tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBA), TBBA-epoxy oligomer, TBBA-polycarbonate oligomer, TBBA-bis(dibromopropyl ether), TBBA-bis(aryl ether), and other TBBA compounds; bisphenylpentamethane, 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane, 2,4, Examples of suitable polybenzene ring compounds include 6-tris(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,6-dibromophenol, 2,4-dibromophenol, and other polybrominated styrene compounds; phthalic acid compounds such as ethylene bistetrabromophthalimide; cyclic aliphatic compounds such as hexabromocyclododecane; and brominated polyacrylic aromatic ester compounds such as poly(pentabromophenyl acrylate). These compounds may be used alone or in combination.

[0093] The boron-containing flame retardant according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it does not impair the effects of the present embodiment. Examples of the boron-containing flame retardant include borax; boron oxides such as diboron trioxide, boron trioxide, diboron dioxide, tetraboron trioxide, and tetraboron pentoxide; boric acid compounds such as boric acid, lithium borate, sodium borate, potassium borate, cesium borate, magnesium borate, calcium borate, barium borate, zirconium borate, zinc borate, aluminum borate, and ammonium borate.

[0094] The antimony-containing flame retardant according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it does not impair the effects of the present embodiment. Examples of the boron-containing flame retardant include antimony oxides such as antimony trioxide and antimony pentoxide; antimonate salts such as sodium antimonate and potassium antimonate; pyroantimonate salts such as sodium pyroantimonate and potassium pyroantimonate; and the like. These can be used alone or in combination.

[0095] The metal hydroxide according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it does not impair the effects of the present embodiment. Examples of the metal hydroxide include aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide. These can be used alone or in combination.

[0096] As the other flame retardant, a known flame retardant can be used. As the other flame retardant, for example, chlorine compounds such as chlorinated paraffin, nitrogen compounds such as hindered amines and melamine cyanurate, cellulose, etc. can be mentioned. These can be used alone or in combination.

[0097] <<3-3-8: Other additives>> In addition to the above-mentioned additives, other additives may be added to the resin composition (resin material for the framework) according to the present embodiment, so long as they do not impair the effects of the present embodiment. As other additives, known additives such as foaming catalysts, balance catalysts, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, antibacterial agents, insect repellents, anti-termite agents, dispersants, and the like may be added.

[0098] <3-4. Characteristics of foam> <<3-4-1: Density>> The density of the foam is not particularly limited as long as it does not impair the effects of the present embodiment, but is preferably 10 to 500 kg / m 3 The maximum load is 20 to 400 kg / m 3 is preferable, and 25 to 300 kg / m 3 More preferably, 30 to 200 kg / m3 When the density of the foam is within this range, it is possible to obtain a foam that provides sufficient workability in building the structure 12 and sufficient strength for the structure 12. The density of the foam is measured in accordance with JIS K7222:2005 "Foamed plastics and rubber - Determination of apparent density".

[0099] <<3-4-2: Foaming ratio>> The expansion ratio is preferably at least 3, more preferably at least 4, and even more preferably at least 5. The expansion ratio is calculated by the following formula 1. [Formula 1] Expansion ratio = density before expansion / apparent density of foam

[0100] <<3-4-3: Compressive elastic modulus>> The compressive elastic modulus of the polyurea foam can be, for example, 1 MPa or more, preferably 2 MPa or more, more preferably 3 MPa or more, and even more preferably 4 MPa or more. When the compressive elastic modulus is within this range, a polyurea foam having the effect of the present embodiment can be obtained. The compressive elastic modulus is measured by the method described in JIS K7220:2006 "Rigid foamed plastics - Determination of compression characteristics".

[0101] <3-5. Method of manufacturing foam> The resin composition (resin material for the framework) of this embodiment is prepared by mixing the monomer compound (A), the monomer compound (A), the curing agent, the catalyst, the radical generator (B), the foaming agent, the foam stabilizer, the red phosphorus, other flame retardants, and other additives in advance. A known method can be used as a mixing method for the resin composition. Specifically, the resin composition shown below was mixed by an appropriate method.

[0102] The viscosity of each mixed liquid is not limited as long as it does not impair the effects of this embodiment, and is, for example, preferably 50,000 mPa or less, more preferably 40,000 mPa or less, even more preferably 30,000 mPa or less, and even more preferably 20,000 mPa or less.

[0103] <<3-5-1: Manufacturing foams using urea and urethane resin compositions>> Raw materials other than the isocyanate compound (A) are mixed in a mixer (e.g., a mixer equipped with a propeller-type stirring blade) to prepare a polyol and polyamine mixture. Then, the isocyanate compound (A) and the polyol and polyamine mixture are cooled to a predetermined temperature (e.g., 10°C). Thereafter, the isocyanate (A) and the polyol and polyamine mixture are mixed in a mixer (e.g., stirred for 5 seconds at 2000 rpm using the mixer), foamed, and cured to obtain a polyurethane and urea foam. When used in the construction method (construction method) of this embodiment, the mixed liquid (I) containing the isocyanate compound (A) as the main component and the mixed liquid (II) containing the other raw materials are heated (10°C to 80°C) and supplied by a pump or the like, mixed with static mixers 41, 42, etc., and filled into the formwork 10 to obtain a foam. For example, it can be handled as a two-liquid system liquid of a polyol / polyamine mixture in which raw materials other than polyisocyanate are mixed in advance, and the polyisocyanate compound (A). Flame retardants, foam stabilizers, blowing agents, dispersants, and other additives that do not react with the polyisocyanate compound (A) can also be mixed with the polyisocyanate compound (A) and handled as a system liquid. Depending on the compatibility of each compound, three or more liquids may be used.

[0104] <<3-5-2: Foam production using radical reactive vinyl resin composition>> All solid compounds are heated (50°C to 100°C) into a solvent or liquid compound, dissolved, and cooled to room temperature. Then, each liquid raw material is mixed in a mixer (for example, a mixer equipped with a propeller-type mixing blade). Then, foaming is performed by heating, and a foam can be obtained by curing by heating or light irradiation. When used in this construction method, a mixed liquid (I) in which everything except the radical generator is mixed in advance is heated (30°C to 100°C), and a mixed liquid (II) in which the radical generator and additives are mixed is supplied by a pump or the like, mixed by static mixers 41, 42, etc., filled into the mold 10, and light irradiation is performed if necessary, to obtain a foam. In addition, the mixed liquid may be mixed with a radical generator in advance to form a single liquid, which may be heated and filled, as long as the effect of this embodiment is not hindered, and three or more liquids may be used depending on the compatibility of each compound.

[0105] <<3-5-3: Foam production using cationic reactive vinyl resin composition>> All solid compounds are heated (50°C to 100°C) into a solvent or liquid compound, dissolved, and cooled to room temperature. Then, each liquid raw material is mixed in a mixer (for example, a mixer equipped with a propeller-type mixing blade). Then, foaming is performed by heating, and a foam can be obtained by curing by heating or light irradiation. When used in this construction method, a mixed liquid (I) in which everything other than the acid or acid generator is mixed in advance is heated (30°C to 100°C), and a mixed liquid (II) in which the acid or acid generator and additives are mixed is supplied by a pump or the like, mixed by static mixers 41, 42, etc., filled into the mold 10, and if necessary, light irradiation is performed to obtain a foam. In addition, the mixed liquid may be mixed with the acid generator in advance to make a single liquid, which may be heated and filled, as long as the effect of this embodiment is not hindered, and three or more liquids may be used depending on the compatibility of each compound.

[0106] <<3-5-4: Manufacturing foams using epoxy resin compositions>> Raw materials other than the epoxy compound (A) are mixed in a mixer (for example, a mixer equipped with a propeller-type mixing blade) to prepare a hardener mixture. Then, the epoxy compound (A) and the hardener mixture are mixed, heated, and hardened to obtain a foam. When used in this construction method, the mixed liquid (I) containing the epoxy compound (A) as the main component and the mixed liquid (II) containing other raw materials are heated (10°C to 80°C) and supplied by a pump or the like, mixed with static mixers 41, 42, etc., and filled into the formwork 10 to obtain a foam. For example, it can be handled as a two-liquid system liquid of the hardener mixed liquid in which raw materials other than the epoxy compound are mixed in advance and the epoxy compound (A). Incidentally, a flame retardant, a foam stabilizer, a foaming agent, a dispersant, and other additives that do not react with the epoxy compound (A) can also be mixed with the epoxy compound (A) and handled as a system liquid. In addition, three or more liquids may be used depending on the compatibility of each compound.

[0107] [4. Effects of this embodiment] In this embodiment, a building 11 is constructed using a formwork 10 having flexible sheet materials 1, 2, and 7. The formwork 10 is provided with a space for a body 6, which is a space partitioned by the sheet materials 1, 2, and 7 and has a shape corresponding to the shape of a body 12 of the building 11 to be constructed when the space is expanded. In the space for a body 6, a resin composition 13 containing a foaming agent is foamed to expand the space for a body 6, and the resin composition 13 foamed in the space for a body 6 is hardened to form the body 12 of the building 11 made of foamed resin. Therefore, it does not take time to prepare a mold as in the conventional method. In addition, since the building 11 made of foamed resin is formed on-site, transportation is not required. In addition, the formwork 10 allows the flexible sheet materials 1, 2, and 7 to be folded, making it easy to transport. According to this embodiment, it is possible to facilitate the construction of a building using a resin composition as a material for the body.

[0108] In this embodiment, since the pillars 17 supporting the formwork 10 are provided, deformation of the inner membrane 1 due to the weight of the resin composition 13 is suppressed, and the change in the volume of the space for the framework 6 before and after foaming is also suppressed. In this embodiment, the pillars 17 are provided before the formwork installation step, but the pillars 17 may be provided after the formwork installation step. In this case, a relatively large opening (for example, an opening for providing the door in FIG. 1) is provided in the formwork 10, and the pillars 17 are carried into the gas-filled space 5 through this opening after the formwork installation step, and the pillars 17 are installed.

[0109] 5. Modifications of the First Embodiment In the form 10 of the above embodiment, a gas exhaust port may be provided in addition to the gas inlet 3. In this case, when the inner membrane 1 of the form 10 is erected, the gas-filled space 5 does not become an airtight space, and gas is continuously sent from the gas inlet 3 to the gas-filled space 5 to make the inner membrane 1 expand, and in this state, gas overflowing from the gas-filled space 5 is discharged from the gas exhaust port.

[0110] In the above embodiment, the resin injection port 4 is provided on the bottom side of the formwork 10, but the resin injection port 4 may be provided on the ceiling side. In this case, the body resin material 13 can be made to flow down by gravity, so that the body resin material 13 can be easily distributed over a wide range in the body space 6.

[0111] In the above embodiment, the inner membrane 1 and the outer membrane 2 are removed during the finishing step, but the finishing step may be performed with the inner membrane 1 and the outer membrane 2 remaining.

[0112] In the above-described embodiment, the body resin material 13 was injected into the body space 6 when there was almost no gas present in the body space 6. However, if gas is present in the body space 6 at the start of the resin injection step, the gas in the body space 6 may be sucked out by a pump before the body resin material 13 is injected into the body space 6.

[0113] <Second embodiment> The present embodiment is a construction method (hereinafter referred to as "this construction method") for constructing a wall 31 (see FIG. 15) as a building.

[0114] The formwork 31 of this embodiment is equipped with a flexible sheet material 30, similar to the formwork 10 of the first embodiment. The formwork 10 is provided with a space partitioned by the sheet material 30, which is a space for a framework 26 that, when expanded, takes a shape corresponding to the shape of a framework 32 (see FIG. 14) of a building (wall) 31 to be constructed. The space for a framework 26 has a volume of, for example, 0.5 m when fully expanded. 3 The form 30 does not have the gas-filled space 5 of the form 10 of the first embodiment.

[0115] The construction method involves carrying out a foundation construction step, a formwork installation step, a resin injection step, and a foam hardening step in this order.

[0116] 10 shows a state where the foundation construction step is completed. In this embodiment, a space 36 is formed in the foundation 35. In the foundation construction step, a support member 33 for supporting the formwork 30 is installed.

[0117] After the foundation construction step is completed, the formwork installation step is performed. In the formwork installation step, the formwork 30 is installed so that the body space 26 communicates with the space 36, as shown in FIG.

[0118] After the formwork installation step is completed, a resin injection step is performed in which a body resin material 13 is injected into the body space 6 from the resin injection port 4 of the formwork 30 as shown in FIG.

[0119] 13, in the foaming and hardening step, the body resin material 13 in the body space 26 foams, causing the body space 26 (formwork 30) to expand, and when the body space 26 is fully expanded, the body space 26 assumes a shape corresponding to the shape of the body 32 of the fence 31 to be constructed. In this embodiment, the formwork 30 is erected as a whole while the body resin material 13 is foamed in the body space 26. During the foaming process of the body resin material 13, the support members 33 serve as a frame to correct the shape of the formwork 30.

[0120] After the space 26 for the skeleton is fully expanded, the resin material 13 for the skeleton gradually hardens, and after a predetermined time has passed, the skeleton 32 of the fence 31 is completed as shown in Fig. 14. This marks the end of the foaming and hardening step. The support members 33 are removed when the foaming and hardening step is completed.

[0121] After the skeleton 32 is completed, a finishing step is carried out to finish the surface of the fence 31. In the finishing step, after the formwork 30 is removed, an outermost layer 37 is provided by plastering work or the like so as to cover the surface of the skeleton 32.

[0122] <Application of this construction method> This construction method can be used as a construction method (construction method of foam material) for buildings used for architectural purposes (walls, ceilings, roofs, floors, etc.), storage tanks for transporting oil and gas, freezers and refrigerators, plant facilities, retaining walls that function as heat retaining materials, heat insulating materials, or cold resistance mitigation materials, foundation structures (structures constructed on-site) that function as underground filling reinforcement materials during land subsidence prevention work and road construction, structures (structures constructed on-site) that function as injection repair materials for civil engineering applications such as tunnels, bridges, or floating piers, structures (structures constructed on-site) that function as structural fillers in basements, etc., energy absorbers, waterproofing materials, water-stopping materials, or buoyancy materials, etc. In addition, buildings may be constructed by combining this construction method with structures (for example, columns, etc.) made of wood, reinforced concrete, or resin. EXAMPLES

[0123] The present invention will be described with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the examples as long as the gist of the invention is not exceeded.

[0124] <<Preparation of resin composition (resin material for structure)>> <Raw materials> The following compounds are used as raw materials for the resin composition. Isocyanate compound: MR-200 (Tosoh Corporation) Vinyl compounds: styrene, divinylbenzene Methacrylic compound: D-TMP (manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Co., Ltd.) Vinyl ether compound: TMPEOTVE (ethylene oxide adduct trimethylolpropane trivinyl ether) Epoxy compound: JER-630 (Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) Polyol compound: Maximol RLK-505 (Kawasaki Chemical Industries, Ltd.) Polyamine compound: Ethacure 420 (manufactured by Albemarle) Thermal radical generator: AIBN (2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile) Photoradical generator: IrgacureOxe02: (BASF) Acid: Trifluoroacetic acid Photoacid generator: CPI-200K (San-Apro) Phenol-based hardener: SN-495 (manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical & Material Co., Ltd.) Amine-based hardener: Epicure W (Mitsubishi Chemical) Acid anhydride hardener: Rikacid MH-700G (manufactured by New Japan Chemical Co., Ltd.) Amine catalyst: DBU (diazabicycloundecene) Triazole catalyst: 1B2MZ (manufactured by Shikoku Chemicals Co., Ltd.) Phosphorus Catalyst: Triphenylphosphine Silicone compound: VORASURF SZ1671 (manufactured by Dow Toray) Polystyrene: HP-520 (DIC) Nonionic surfactant: YP-1 (Yamagata Chemical Co., Ltd.) Phosphate ester flame retardant: CR-733S (manufactured by Daihachi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)

[0125] [Production Example 1] The in-house nonionic surfactant Polyurea YP-1 was prepared by the following method. 5g of Stabio PDI (Mitsui Chemicals) and 5g of Ethacure 420 (Albemarle) were mixed, heated to 60°C, and stirred for 1 hour. 32g of JEFFAMINE D-2000 (Huntsman Performance Products) was added, heated to 60°C, and stirred for 1 hour. 42g of Polyurea YP-1 was obtained. The weight average molecular weight of Polyurea YP-1 was measured by gel permeation chromatography (standard polystyrene equivalent) to be 200,000.

[0126] <Preparation of foam> (Preparation of foam for each evaluation) The contents of monomer compound (A), some of the blowing agents, processing agents, and flame retardants shown in Tables 1 and 2 were weighed out, heated to 30-80°C, and stirred for 5-60 minutes to dissolve the solids in the liquid components, thereby obtaining mixed liquid (I) for each example shown in Tables 3 and 4.

[0127] The contents of the curing agent, catalyst, radical generator (B) and some of the blowing agents were weighed out for each of the Examples other than Examples 5 and 8 shown in Tables 1 and 2, heated to 20-50°C, and stirred for 5-60 minutes to dissolve the solids in the liquid components, thereby obtaining the mixed liquids (II) for each of the Examples other than Examples 5 and 8 shown in Tables 3 and 4.

[0128] In Example 5.8, water was used as the mixed solution (II), and the contents of the curing agent, catalyst, radical generator (B) and some of the blowing agents shown in Tables 1 and 2 were weighed out in the amounts shown in Examples 5 and 8. The mixture was heated to 20-50°C and stirred for 5-60 minutes to dissolve the solids in the liquid components, thereby obtaining the mixed solution (III) shown in Tables 3 and 4 for Examples 5 and 8.

[0129] Mixture (I) was heated to 20-80°C, and each mixture was pumped and mixed in a static mixer. Mixture (II) and mixture (III) were mixed with mixture (I) in that order. The mixture was received in a 500 mL polypropylene disposable cup. In the examples requiring light irradiation, light irradiation was performed immediately after receiving the cup until the effect of the resin was completed. After foaming and resin curing, each foam was left at room temperature for one week to obtain each foam.

[0130] In Example 4, in which mixing by the above method was not possible, each mixed liquid was stirred and mixed at 2000 rpm for 20 seconds using a stirrer equipped with a propeller-type stirring blade, and after foaming and resin hardening, each foam was left at room temperature for 1 week to obtain each foam.

[0131] The materials were mixed using a pump and a static mixer and then filled into the formwork using the pump.

[0132] <density> The density of the resin composition before foaming in each example was measured at a temperature of 0°C by the method described in JIS Z8804:2012 "Method of measuring density and specific gravity of liquids." Because a composition containing an isocyanate and a catalyst and a composition of an isocyanate compound and an amine compound can react at 0°C, the density of a composition without a catalyst and a mixture (I) containing an isocyanate compound as the main component without an amine compound were measured. The measurement results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

[0133] The apparent density of the foam of each example was measured by the method described in JIS K7222:2005 "Foamed plastics and rubber - Determination of apparent density." The measurement results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

[0134] <Expansion ratio> The expansion ratio was calculated using formula 1. The calculation results are shown in Tables 3 and 4. [Formula 1] Expansion ratio = density before expansion / apparent density of foam

[0135] <Workability evaluation> In the evaluation of workability, because the resin foams and hardens, the only assembly work required for the construction of building facilities is to install the formwork and fill the resin, a foaming ratio of 5 times or more was rated as "Good" and less than that was rated as "Good." The evaluation results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

[0136] <Compressive elastic modulus> The compressive elastic modulus of the foam of each example was measured by the method described in JIS K7220:2006 "Rigid foamed plastics - Determination of compression properties." The measurement results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

[0137] <Foam hardness evaluation> In the construction method using 20 times the amount of styrofoam in the structure, the compressive elastic modulus of the building equipment was evaluated as "Good" if it was 4 MPa or more, and as "△" if it was less than that. The evaluation results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

[0138] <Viscosity> The viscosity of each mixed liquid in each Example was measured by the method described in JIS K5600-2-2:1999 "General test method for paints - Part 2: Properties and stability of paints - Section 2: Viscosity." The measurement results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

[0139] <Mixing evaluation> The mixtures were mixed using the same mixing method as used for the foam preparation using a static mixer. After leaving the mixtures to stand for 60 seconds, those that did not separate were rated as "good," and those that separated were rated as "good."

[0140] <Evaluation of filling into formwork> As a test to build a dome-shaped building as shown in FIG. 1, a structure with a diameter of 4 meters was constructed. The formwork was made of polyvinyl chloride with a thickness of 100 microns, and a resin-filled space (body space 6) was provided as shown in FIG. 2 so that the wall thickness was 20 centimeters. The formwork was installed, and air was filled into the gas-filled space using an air compressor. The resin was filled by mixing and filling using the pump and static mixer shown in FIG. 7. Example 5 shown in Table 1 was used as the foamed resin. After filling with the resin, the resin foaming was completed in 2 hours, and the resin hardening was completed after 3 days, and the construction of the structure in FIG. 1 with an outer diameter of 4 meters was completed.

[0141] [Table 1]

[0142] [Table 2]

[0143] [Table 3]

[0144] [Table 4] [Industrial Applicability]

[0145] The present invention is applicable to a method for constructing a building using foamed resin as a structural material. [Explanation of symbols]

[0146] 1. Inner membrane (sheet material) 2. Outer membrane (sheet material) 3 Gas inlet 4 Resin injection port 5 Gas-filled space, inner space 6 Space for the skeleton 7 Sheet material 10 Formwork 11 Buildings and structures 12 skeleton 13 Resin materials for structures, resin compositions containing foaming agents

Claims

1. A method for constructing a building, comprising: a form installation step of installing a form having a flexible sheet material and a space for a structure that is partitioned by the sheet material and has a shape corresponding to the shape of the structure of the building to be constructed when the space is expanded; a structure formation step of foaming a resin composition containing a foaming agent in the structure space, and curing the resin composition foamed in the structure space while the structure space is in an expanded state, thereby forming the structure of the building made of foamed resin.

2. The formwork includes an inner membrane and an outer membrane as the sheet material, and the space for the body is provided between the inner membrane and the outer membrane; During the formwork installation step, the inner space of the inner membrane is filled with gas, thereby erecting the inner membrane of the formwork; The method for constructing a building according to claim 1 , wherein the framework formation step is carried out with the inner membrane in place.

3. The method for constructing a building according to claim 2, further comprising providing a support for supporting the inner membrane from the inside before or after the formwork installation step.

4. 2. The method for constructing a building according to claim 1, wherein during the body forming step, the entire formwork is erected while the resin composition is foamed in the body space.

5. A method for constructing a building as described in claim 2 or 4, wherein a ventilation section is provided in an area of ​​the sheet material that defines the space for the structure, and which allows air to escape to a space adjacent to the space for the structure that is sandwiched between the sheet material as the resin composition foams.

6. The method for constructing a building according to claim 5 , wherein the ventilation portion is a mesh gap in the sheet material.

7. 2. The method for constructing a building according to claim 1, wherein the sheet material is composed of one or more of an organic film having a tensile modulus of elasticity of 50 GPa or less, a metal film having a tensile modulus of elasticity of 150 GPa or less, or a cloth.

8. The method for constructing a building according to claim 7, wherein the thickness of the sheet material is 10 mm or less.

9. The volume of the space for the body when fully expanded is 0.5 m ３ The method for constructing a building according to claim 1 .

10. The method for constructing a building according to claim 1, wherein the resin composition has an expansion ratio of 3 or more.

11. 2. The method for constructing a building according to claim 1, wherein the compressive elastic modulus of the foamed resin constituting the structure is 1 MPa or more.

12. The resin composition is formed by blending a plurality of mixed liquids having different components, The method for constructing a building according to claim 1 , wherein the viscosity of each of the plurality of mixed liquids is 50,000 mPa·sec or less.

13. A formwork used in the construction of a building, It has a flexible sheet material, the space partitioned by the sheet material is a space for a framework that, when expanded, has a shape corresponding to the framework of a building to be constructed; A formwork in which a resin composition containing a foaming agent is foamed in the space for the structure, and the resin composition foamed in the space for the structure is cured while the space for the structure is in an expanded state, thereby forming the structure of the building made of foamed resin.

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