Carbonization furnace

Abstract

To provide a carbonization furnace with high carbonization efficiency by uniformly heating a carbonization vessel with a simple structure.SOLUTION: The carbonization furnace 1A comprises a main body 3 that is inclined such that the rear end 3a is positioned lower than the front end 3b, a dry distillation vessel 5 that is arranged with a lower space 11 and an upper space 12 inside the main body 3 to dry distill a material to be carbonized W, a combustion part 20 that is provided at the rear end 3a for combusting a fuel F, and an exhaust part 3d that is provided at a lower portion of the front end 3b. The carbonization furnace 1A is equipped with a jack mechanism 9 for rotating the main body 3 from a horizontal state to a predetermined inclined position.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a carbonization furnace. [Background technology]

[0002] A carbonization furnace that obtains carbonized material by dry distilling materials to be carbonized, such as woody biomass, is known (Patent Document 1). Patent Document 1 discloses that when the combustion gas is caused to flow around the carbonization chamber, a zigzag flow path is formed to increase the heating efficiency. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] JP 2018-21173 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] In Patent Document 1, the combustion gas is circulated through a zigzag flow path to achieve uniform heating, but forming a zigzag flow path makes the structure complicated and requires time and cost to manufacture. Therefore, a simpler structure with high carbonization efficiency is desired.

[0005] The present disclosure has been made in consideration of the above circumstances, and aims to provide a carbonization furnace with a simple structure that achieves high carbonization efficiency by uniformly heating a dry distillation vessel. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] A carbonization furnace according to one embodiment of the present disclosure comprises a main body inclined so that one end is downward relative to the other end, a carbonization container arranged with a lower space and an upper space inside the main body for carbonizing the material to be carbonized, a combustion section provided at the one end for burning fuel, and an exhaust section provided at the bottom of the other end. Effect of the Invention

[0007] By uniformly heating the carbonization vessel with a simple structure, the carbonization efficiency can be improved. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an outline of a carbonization furnace according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2A] 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II in FIG. 1. [Figure 2B] 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG. [Figure 2C] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG. [Diagram 3] FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an outline of a carbonization furnace according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 4A] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG. [Figure 4B] 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VV in FIG. [Diagram 5] FIG. 11 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of a carbonization furnace according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 6A] 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VI-VI in FIG. 5. [Figure 6B] 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VII-VII in FIG. 5. [Figure 6C] 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VIII-VIII in FIG. 5. [Figure 7] FIG. 11 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an outline of a modified example of the carbonization furnace. [Figure 8] FIG. 11 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an outline of a carbonization furnace according to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0009] Hereinafter, a number of embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. [First embodiment] The first embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. A carbonization furnace 1A according to this embodiment is shown in Fig. 1. The carbonization furnace 1A includes a main body 3 and a dry distillation vessel 5 provided inside the main body 3.

[0010] The main body 3 has a generally rectangular parallelepiped shape and is attached to a lower base 7. The base 7 can be, for example, a loading platform of a vehicle, or can be attached to the loading platform.

[0011] A jack device (rotating mechanism) 9 is provided between the main body 3 and the base 7. By driving the jack device 9, the main body 3 can be rotated around the lower part of the rear end (one end) 3a as a fulcrum. As a result, as shown in FIG. 1, the main body 3 can be inclined with the rear end 3a facing downward and the front end (the other end) 3b facing upward, or in a horizontal state (not shown) in which the main body 3 is placed horizontally on the base 7. The amount of inclination of the main body 3 can be changed as appropriate.

[0012] The pyrolysis container 5 is substantially rectangular parallelepiped-shaped and is disposed with a space between it and the main body 3. Specifically, a lower space 11 is formed below the pyrolysis container 5, and an upper space 12 is formed above the pyrolysis container 5. A rear end space 13 is formed on the rear end 5a side of the pyrolysis container 5, and a front end space 14 is formed on the front end 5b side of the pyrolysis container 5. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 2A showing the II cross section of FIG. 1, a one-side space 15 is formed on one side 5c of the pyrolysis container 5, and an other-side space 16 is formed on the other side 5d of the pyrolysis container 5. That is, a space is formed facing each of the six faces of the pyrolysis container 5, which is substantially rectangular parallelepiped-shaped. The pyrolysis container 5 is supported by a support member such as an angle material (not shown) relative to the main body 3.

[0013] A cage 18 containing the material W to be carbonized, such as woody biomass, is placed inside the dry distillation vessel 5. The cage 18 is, for example, box-shaped, and is configured to allow gas to flow in and out using a wire mesh or the like. The material W to be carbonized is dry distilled in the dry distillation vessel 5 and carbonized. Therefore, the dry distillation vessel 5 is airtight to the extent that the material W to be carbonized can be treated under oxygen deficiency.

[0014] A combustion section 20 is provided below the rear end space 13. A fire grate 21 is provided in the combustion section 20, and fuel F, such as wood, is placed on the fire grate 21. An opening 3c is formed in the rear end 3a of the main body 3. As shown in FIG. 2B, the opening 3c is provided below the rear end 3a of the main body 3. As shown by arrow A1 in FIG. 1, combustion air is taken in from the opening 3c and supplied to the combustion section 20. The fuel F is combusted in the combustion section 20, generating combustion gas that heats the dry distillation vessel 5 from the outside.

[0015] An exhaust section 3d that exhausts combustion gas to the outside of the main body 3 is provided at the bottom of the front end 3b of the main body 3. A chimney 23 is connected to the exhaust section 3d. As shown in Fig. 2C, the chimney 23 is erected up to the top of the main body 3, and exhaust gas is exhausted to the outside from the upper end of the chimney 23.

[0016] Next, a method of using the carbonization furnace 1A having the above-mentioned configuration will be described. First, the material to be carbonized W is placed in the basket 18 and placed inside the dry distillation vessel 5. At this time, in order to facilitate the work, it is preferable that the main body 3 is placed in a horizontal state by operating the jack device 9.

[0017] Then, the jack device 9 is operated to tilt the main body 3 as shown in FIG. 1 so that the rear end 3a of the main body 3 faces downward and the front end 3b faces upward.

[0018] Next, the fuel F is placed on the fire grate 21 of the combustion section 20, and the fuel F is ignited. When the fuel F is ignited, combustion air is introduced from the opening 3c, and the primary combustion flame FL1 is stabilized.

[0019] As shown by the arrows in FIG. 1, a part of the high-temperature combustion gas generated by the flame passes through the inclined lower space 11 and heats the pyrolysis container 5 from below, and heads toward the exhaust section 3d. Another part of the combustion gas rises upward through the rear end space 13 to heat the rear end 5a of the pyrolysis container 5, and then passes through the inclined upper space 12 and flows toward the exhaust section 3d while heating the pyrolysis container 5 from above. As the combustion gas heads toward the exhaust section 3d, it heats the front end 5b of the pyrolysis container 5 by flowing from above to below through the front end space 14. Still another part of the combustion gas passes through the one side space 15 and the other side space 16 shown in FIG. 2A and heads toward the exhaust section 3d while heating both side surfaces of the pyrolysis container 5.

[0020] The combustion gases that flow through the spaces 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 join together at the exhaust section 3d, and are then guided to the chimney 23 and exhausted to the outside from the upper end thereof.

[0021] After carbonization of the material W to be carbonized is completed, the jack device 9 is driven to make the main body 3 horizontal. This makes it easy to perform operations such as replacing the fuel F and cleaning the combustion section 20. In addition, if the main body 3 is attached to a vehicle, the main body 3 can be moved to the location where the next carbonization will be performed.

[0022] The effects of the present embodiment described above are as follows. The pyrolysis vessel 5 is disposed inside the main body 3 with a lower space 11 and an upper space 12. The main body 3 is disposed so that the rear end 3a is inclined downward with respect to the front end 3b, so that the combustion gas generated in the combustion section 20 provided at the rear end 3a flows upward through the lower space 11 and the upper space 12 by natural convection, and heats the pyrolysis vessel 5 from above and below. The combustion gas that flows through the lower space 11 and the upper space 12 is discharged to the outside of the main body 3 through the exhaust section 3d provided at the front end 3b of the main body 3. At this time, since the exhaust section 3d is provided at the lower part of the front end 3b of the main body 3, the combustion gas that passes through the upper space 12 is discharged from the exhaust section 3d after going around from the top to the bottom of the pyrolysis vessel 5. This makes it possible to minimize the temperature difference in the vertical direction of the pyrolysis vessel 5, making it possible to perform carbonization with little bias in the pyrolysis vessel 5, and improving the carbonization efficiency.

[0023] [Second embodiment] Next, a second embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to Fig. 3 etc. The carbonization furnace 1B of this embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that a carbonization gas pipe 25 is provided in addition to the carbonization gas pipe 25. Therefore, in the following description, the carbonization gas pipe 25 will be described, and the other parts will be given the same reference numerals and their description will be omitted.

[0024] As shown in Fig. 3, the carbonization furnace 1B of this embodiment is equipped with a pyrolysis gas pipe 25. The pyrolysis gas pipe 25 supplies the pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis container 5 to the lower space 11. As shown in Fig. 4A, the pyrolysis gas pipes 25 are provided on both side portions 5c and 5d of the pyrolysis container 5. Each pyrolysis gas pipe 25 is equipped with a first arm portion 25a whose upper end is connected to the pyrolysis container 5, and a second arm portion 25b whose lower end is connected to the first arm portion 25a.

[0025] The first arm 25a is connected to the upper part of the dry distillation vessel 5 so that its upper end opens into the inside of the dry distillation vessel 5. As shown in Fig. 4A, the first arm 25a protrudes to the outside of the main body 3 and is then bent into an L shape.

[0026] The upper end of second arm 25b is connected to the lower end of first arm 25a. As shown in Fig. 3, second arm 25b extends downward along the side of main body 3. As shown in Fig. 4B, the lower part of second arm 25b is bent into an L-shape and the tip is inserted into main body 3.

[0027] The tip of the second arm 25b is provided with a plurality of nozzles 25c that inject the pyrolysis gas toward the downstream side of the lower space 11 while being positioned within the lower space 11. The pyrolysis gas is injected from each nozzle 25c to form a secondary combustion flame FL2.

[0028] The carbonization furnace 1B of the present embodiment described above has the following effects. During the dry distillation, combustible dry distillation gases such as methane, carbon monoxide, and unburned carbon (char) are generated from the dry distillation vessel 5. By supplying this dry distillation gas to the lower space 11 through which the combustion gas flows using the dry distillation gas piping 25, the dry distillation gas can be burned and the calorific value of the dry distillation gas can be used to heat the dry distillation vessel 5. This makes it possible to reduce fuel costs and also reduces the burden on the environment by suppressing the release of the dry distillation gas into the atmosphere. The position and ejection direction of the nozzle 25c for ejecting the pyrolysis gas may be any position and ejection direction downstream of the combustion section 20 at which the pyrolysis gas is ignited, or the pyrolysis gas may be ejected into the combustion section 20.

[0029] [Third embodiment] Next, a third embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to FIG. 5 and the like. The carbonization furnace 1C of this embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that it uses secondary combustion air in addition to the first embodiment. Therefore, in the following description, the configuration related to the secondary combustion air will be described, and the other parts will be given the same reference numerals and their description will be omitted.

[0030] 5, the carbonization furnace 1C of this embodiment is equipped with a secondary combustion air chamber (air supply section) 27. The secondary combustion air chamber 27 is equipped with an inlet passage 27a that takes in air from the direction indicated by the arrow A2, a side passage 27b connected to the inlet passage 27a, and a bottom passage 27c connected to the inlet passage 27a.

[0031] As shown in Fig. 6A, the inlet flow passages 27a are provided on both sides of the main body 3. The upstream side of each inlet flow passage 27a is a secondary combustion opening 27d formed in the rear end 3a of the main body 3, and is designed to take in air. The secondary combustion openings 27d are provided on both sides of the opening 3c.

[0032] 6B, the side flow passages 27b connected to the inlet flow passage 27a are provided in each of the one side space 15 and the other side space 16, and extend along the longitudinal direction of these spaces 15, 16. As a result, the secondary combustion air flowing through the side flow passages 27b is preheated by the combustion gas flowing through each space 15, 16. That is, the side flow passages 27b serve as air preheating sections.

[0033] 5 and 6C, a plurality of nozzles 27e that eject secondary combustion air into the lower space 11 are provided at the downstream end of the side flow passage 27b. The secondary combustion air ejected from each nozzle 27e combusts unburned fuel in the combustion gas.

[0034] 6B, the bottom passage 27c connected to the inlet passage 27a extends in the longitudinal direction along the bottom surface 3e of the main body 3. The bottom passage 27c is provided outside the lower space 11. As a result, the secondary combustion air flowing through the bottom passage 27c is preheated by the combustion gas flowing through the lower space 11. That is, the bottom passage 27c serves as an air preheating section.

[0035] 5 and 6C, a plurality of nozzles 27f that eject secondary combustion air into the lower space 11 are provided at the downstream end of the bottom passage 27c. The secondary combustion air ejected from each nozzle 27f combusts unburned fuel in the combustion gas.

[0036] The carbonization furnace 1C of the present embodiment described above has the following advantages. The secondary combustion air chamber 27 supplies air as secondary combustion air to the combustion gas generated in the combustion section 20, and the air is mixed with the unburned carbon monoxide, methane gas, and unburned carbon (char) in the combustion gas and burned. This increases the combustion efficiency, reduces fuel costs, and suppresses the generation of smoke due to incomplete combustion, reducing the burden on the environment.

[0037] In addition, the air flowing through the side flow passages 27b and the bottom flow passage 27c is preheated by the combustion gas, so that the thermal efficiency can be further improved.

[0038] As shown in Fig. 7, the carbonization furnace 1D may be a combination of the carbonization gas pipe 25 of the second embodiment and the secondary combustion air chamber 27 of the third embodiment. In this case, it is preferable to provide the nozzles 27e and 27f of the secondary combustion air chamber 27 downstream of the combustion gas flow from the nozzle 25c of the carbonization gas pipe 25. This allows the carbonization gas to be combusted by the secondary combustion flame FL2, and then the unburned content can be further combusted by the secondary combustion air.

[0039] [Fourth embodiment] Next, a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to Fig. 8. The carbonization furnace 1E of this embodiment differs from the carbonization furnace 1D shown in Fig. 7 in that it uses a drying chamber 30 in addition to the carbonization furnace 1D shown in Fig. 7. Therefore, in the following description, the configuration related to the drying chamber 30 will be described, and the same reference numerals will be used to denote the other components, and the description thereof will be omitted.

[0040] As shown in Fig. 8, the carbonization furnace 1E has a drying chamber 30 downstream of the carbonization furnace 1D in Fig. 7. The upstream end 32a of the connection pipe 32 is connected to the upper end of the chimney 23 of the carbonization furnace 1D. The downstream end 32b of the connection pipe 32 is connected to the lower part of one end 30a of the drying chamber 30. As a result, the combustion gas generated in the carbonization furnace 1D is guided into the drying chamber 30 through the chimney 23 and the connection pipe 32.

[0041] A basket 18 containing the material to be carbonized W therein is disposed in the drying chamber 30. The material to be carbonized W contained in this basket 18 is material prior to being carbonized in the carbonization vessel 5 of the carbonization furnace 1D.

[0042] The upstream end of a chimney 34 is connected to a lower portion of the other end 30b of the drying chamber 30. As a result, the combustion gas that has flowed into the inside of the drying chamber 30 passes around the material to be carbonized W contained in the basket 18, and then is exhausted to the outside from the chimney 34.

[0043] The carbonization furnace 1E of the present embodiment described above has the following effects. A drying chamber 30 is provided in which combustion gas is introduced from the exhaust section 3d of the carbonization furnace 1D to dry the carbonized material W inside. This allows the carbonization material W to be dried in advance before carbonization to reduce the moisture content, thereby shortening the carbonization time and reducing fuel costs.

[0044] In this embodiment, the carbonization furnace 1D in FIG. 7 has been described as an example of the carbonization furnace connected to the drying chamber 30, but it may be combined with other carbonization furnaces 1A, 1B, and 1C.

[0045] The carbonization furnace described in each of the above-described embodiments can be understood, for example, as follows.

[0046] The carbonization furnace according to the first aspect of the present disclosure comprises a main body (3) inclined so that one end (3a) is downward relative to the other end (3b), a carbonization container (5) arranged inside the main body with a lower space (11) and an upper space (12) for carbonizing the material to be carbonized (W), a combustion section (20) provided at the one end for burning fuel, and an exhaust section (3d) provided at the bottom of the other end.

[0047] The dry distillation vessel is disposed with a lower space and an upper space inside the body. The body is disposed so that one end is inclined downward with respect to the other end, so that the combustion gas generated in the combustion section provided at one end flows upward through the lower space and the upper space by natural convection, and heats the dry distillation vessel from above and below. The combustion gas that flows through the lower space and the upper space is exhausted to the outside of the body through the exhaust section provided at the other end of the body. At this time, since the exhaust section is provided at the bottom of the other end of the body, the combustion gas that passes through the upper space flows from above to below the dry distillation vessel and is then exhausted from the exhaust section. This makes it possible to minimize the temperature difference in the vertical direction of the dry distillation vessel, making it possible to perform carbonization with less bias in the dry distillation vessel, and improving the carbonization efficiency.

[0048] The carbonization furnace according to the second aspect of the present disclosure is, in the first aspect, provided with a carbonization gas piping (25) that extracts carbonization gas from the carbonization container and supplies the carbonization gas to the combustion section or to the combustion gas generated in the combustion section.

[0049] During carbonization, combustible carbonization gases such as methane, carbon monoxide, and unburned carbon (char) are generated from the carbonization vessel. By supplying this carbonization gas to the combustion section or combustion gas using the carbonization gas piping, the carbonization gas can be burned and its heat value can be used to heat the carbonization vessel. This makes it possible to reduce fuel costs and also reduces the burden on the environment by suppressing the release of carbonization gas into the atmosphere.

[0050] The carbonization furnace according to a third aspect of the present disclosure is the carbonization furnace of the first or second aspect, further including an air supply section (27) that supplies air to the combustion gas generated in the combustion section.

[0051] By supplying air as secondary combustion air to the combustion gas generated in the combustion section, it is possible to mix it with carbon monoxide, methane gas, and unburned carbon (char) to form a secondary combustion flame and increase combustion efficiency. This reduces fuel costs and suppresses the generation of smoke due to incomplete combustion, thereby mitigating the burden on the environment.

[0052] The carbonization furnace according to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure is the third aspect, further including an air preheating section that preheats the air to be supplied to the air supplying section with the combustion gas.

[0053] Since the air supplied to the air supply section is preheated by the combustion gas, the thermal efficiency can be further improved.

[0054] The carbonization furnace according to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure is any one of the first to fourth aspects, and is provided with a drying chamber (30) into which combustion gas is guided from the exhaust section and in which the material to be carbonized is dried.

[0055] A drying chamber is provided in which combustion gas is introduced from the exhaust section to dry the material to be carbonized inside. This allows the material to be dried before carbonization to reduce moisture, shortening the carbonization time and reducing fuel costs.

[0056] The carbonization furnace according to a sixth aspect of the present disclosure is any one of the first to fifth aspects, further comprising a rotation mechanism (9) that rotates the main body from a horizontal state to a predetermined inclined position.

[0057] The rotating mechanism allows the main body to be rotated from a horizontal position to an inclined position. This allows the main body to be used at an angle during carbonization, and can be kept horizontal when carbonization is not being performed. This makes it easier to insert and remove materials to be carbonized and to perform cleaning and other operations.

[0058] The carbonization furnace according to a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, in any one of the first to sixth aspects, can be attached to a vehicle.

[0059] Since the carbonization furnace can be attached to a vehicle, it can be easily moved, and carbonization can be performed in various locations without having to choose a specific location. [Explanation of symbols]

[0060] 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E Carbonization furnace 3. Main unit 3a Rear end (one end) 3b Front end (other end) 3c aperture 3d Exhaust section 3e Bottom 5. Dry distillation vessel 5a rear end 5b Front end 5c one side 5d other side 7 base 9 Jack device (rotating mechanism) 11 Lower space 12 Upper space 13 Rear end space 14 Front end space 15 One side space 16 Other side space 18 Basket 20 Combustion section 21 Grate 23 Chimney 25 Dry distillation gas piping 25a 1st arm 25b 2nd arm 25c Nozzle 27 Secondary combustion air chamber (air supply section) 27a Inlet channel 27b Side passage (air preheating section) 27c Bottom passage (air preheating section) 27d Secondary combustion opening 27e Nozzle 27f Nozzle 30 Drying room 30a one end 30b Other end 32 Connection piping 32a Upstream end 32b downstream end 34 Chimney F fuel FL1 Primary combustion flame FL2 Secondary combustion flame W Carbide

Claims

1. A body having one end inclined downward relative to the other end; a carbonization vessel disposed inside the body and having a lower space and an upper space, for carbonizing the material to be carbonized; A combustion section provided at the one end for burning fuel; an exhaust section provided at a lower portion of the other end; A carbonization furnace equipped with:

2. 2. The carbonization furnace according to claim 1, further comprising a carbonization gas pipe for extracting a carbonization gas from the carbonization vessel and supplying the carbonization gas to the combustion section or to the combustion gas generated in the combustion section.

3. 3. The carbonization furnace according to claim 1, further comprising an air supply section for supplying air to the combustion gas generated in the combustion section.

4. 4. The carbonization furnace according to claim 3, further comprising an air preheating section for preheating the air to be supplied to the air supply section with the combustion gas.

5. 2. The carbonization furnace according to claim 1, further comprising a drying chamber into which the combustion gas is guided from the exhaust portion and in which the material to be carbonized is dried.

6. 2. The carbonization furnace according to claim 1, further comprising a rotation mechanism for rotating the body from a horizontal position to a predetermined inclined position.

7. 2. The carbonization furnace according to claim 1, which is mountable on a vehicle.

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