Separation apparatus, separation method, and welding cutting apparatus

Abstract

To easily separate materials in which dissimilar materials are welded together.SOLUTION: A separation apparatus 1000 includes: a non-transferred plasma torch 1 that generates plasma P; a power circuit 21 that supplies current to the non-transferred plasma torch 1; a gas supply device 3 that supplies gas to the non-transferred plasma torch 1; and a control device 22 that controls the power circuit 21 and the gas supply device 3. The control device 22 controls a temperature of the plasma P so as to reach a temperature at which materials in which dissimilar materials are welded together can be separated, by controlling the power circuit 21.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a separation device, a separation method using the separation device, and a welding and cutting device that can be applied to applications other than separation. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, technological developments have been progressing regarding dissimilar material joining, which joins metal and resin without using adhesives. For example, in the field of transportation equipment such as automobiles, there is a demand for weight reduction of equipment to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. In such transportation equipment field, weight reduction of equipment is being practiced by using dissimilar material joining technology.

[0003] Here, a technique such as that disclosed in JP 2004-89791 A (Patent Document 1) is known as a method and device for separating composite materials of different kinds of materials. In JP 2004-89791 A (Patent Document 1), a composite material of different kinds of materials, in which a metal plate and a wood material are bonded together using an adhesive, is separated by a large device that generates heated steam. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] JP 2004-89791 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] The technology of JP 2004-89791 A (Patent Document 1) is not a technology for separating dissimilarly bonded materials, and even if it were applied to dissimilar material bonding, the equipment would become large and easy separation would be difficult. Although technological development related to dissimilar material bonding has progressed, there is room for improvement in the development of technology for easily separating dissimilarly bonded materials. In particular, further improvement is required in the development of technology for reducing environmental burden, such as separating metal and resin when disposing of dissimilarly bonded materials, or separating metal and resin when repairing, and reusing the metal part.

[0006] An object of the present disclosure is to provide a separation device, a separation method, and a weld cutting device that can easily separate dissimilar materials that are joined together. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The present disclosure relates to a separation device that separates dissimilar materials from each other. The separation device includes a non-transferred plasma torch that generates plasma, a power supply circuit that supplies current to the non-transferred plasma torch, a gas supply device that supplies gas to the non-transferred plasma torch, and a control device that controls the power supply circuit and the gas supply device. The control device controls the power supply circuit to adjust the temperature of the plasma to a first temperature at which the dissimilar materials can be separated from each other.

[0008] The present disclosure relates to a separation method using a separation device for separating dissimilar joined materials. The separation device includes a non-transferred plasma torch that generates plasma, a power supply circuit that supplies current to the non-transferred plasma torch, a gas supply device that supplies gas to the non-transferred plasma torch, and a control device that controls the power supply circuit and the gas supply device. The separation method includes a step of controlling the power supply circuit to adjust the temperature of the plasma to a first temperature at which the dissimilar joined materials can be separated. Effect of the Invention

[0009] According to the separation device and separation method of the present disclosure, the dissimilar materials joined together can be easily separated from each other by setting the temperature at the first temperature at which the dissimilar materials joined together can be separated from each other. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a separation device according to the present disclosure. [Diagram 2] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing how dissimilar materials joined together are separated by a non-transferred plasma torch. [Diagram 3] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between the type of substance and the melting point. [Figure 4] 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a welding and cutting device according to the present disclosure. [Diagram 5] 4 is a flowchart showing the control contents executed by the control device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0011] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, the same or corresponding parts are designated by the same reference characters and their description will not be repeated.

[0012] 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a separation apparatus 1000 according to the present disclosure. The separation apparatus 1000 includes a non-transferred plasma torch 1, a power supply circuit 21, a gas supply device 3, and a control device (CPU) 22.

[0013] The non-transferred plasma torch 1 includes a non-consumable electrode 11, an insulating member 12, a nozzle electrode 13, an insulating member 14, and a nozzle 15. A power supply circuit 21 supplies a welding current to the non-consumable electrode 11. A gas supply device 3 adjusts the flow rate of gas supplied to the non-transferred plasma torch 1.

[0014] Power supply circuit 21, control device 22, and operation panel 23 are mounted on DC power supply 2. Control device 22 controls power supply circuit 21 and gas supply device 3 based on an ON / OFF signal from a torch switch 24 operated by an operator and the setting of operation panel 23.

[0015] The power supply circuit 21 includes an inverter circuit 101, a rectifier circuit 102, a smoothing capacitor 104, a coupling 105, and a high-frequency circuit 103. The inverter circuit 101 is connected to a three-phase 200V AC power supply 10. A negative terminal 106 of the DC power supply 2 is connected to the non-consumable electrode 11 by a cable. A positive terminal 107 of the DC power supply 2 is connected to the nozzle electrode 13 by a cable.

[0016] The inverter circuit 101 receives an AC power supply 10 as input and outputs a high-frequency AC current. The rectifier circuit 102 converts the AC current to a DC current. The smoothing capacitor 104 smoothes the rectified DC current. The high-frequency circuit 103 generates a high-frequency voltage and superimposes the high-frequency voltage between a negative terminal 106 and a positive terminal 107 via a coupling 105.

[0017] The separation device 1000 shown in Fig. 1 is a non-transferred type plasma generator that generates plasma P between a non-consumable electrode 11 and a nozzle electrode 13. Unlike the transferred type plasma generator, the non-transferred type plasma generator does not generate plasma P directly between the metal 6, but generates plasma P indirectly between the nozzle electrode 13, so that the temperature of the generated plasma P can be made low. For this reason, the separation device 1000 having the non-transferred type plasma torch 1 is suitable for separation of dissimilar material joints.

[0018] The non-consumable electrode 11 is, for example, a tungsten electrode. The non-consumable electrode 11 is covered with an insulating member 12 except for its tip. The nozzle electrode 13 is cylindrical and arranged concentrically on the radially outer side of the non-consumable electrode 11. The outside of the nozzle electrode 13 is covered with an insulating member 14. The nozzle 15 is cylindrical and arranged concentrically on the radially outer side of the nozzle electrode 13.

[0019] The non-transferred plasma torch 1 has a structure in which two nozzles are arranged in a double configuration, one inside and one outside a concentric circle centered on a tungsten electrode. A working gas for generating plasma P flows between the non-consumable electrode 11 and the nozzle electrode 13. A shielding gas for protecting the metal 6, which is the object to be irradiated with plasma P, from the atmosphere flows between the nozzle electrode 13 and the nozzle 15. The nozzle electrode 13 is a water-cooled type in which water flows inside, but the structure is not shown in the figure. The nozzle electrode 13 may be an air-cooled type instead of a water-cooled type.

[0020] Inert working gas such as argon (Ar) or helium (He) and shielding gas are supplied to the non-transferred plasma torch 1 from independent gas cylinders 4, 5 and gas piping. For example, argon (Ar) is used as the working gas, and argon (Ar) or a mixture of argon (Ar) and helium (He) is used as the shielding gas. It is also possible to use two types of gas for the working gas and one type of gas for the shielding gas.

[0021] The gas supply device 3 is configured to supply a working gas to a first gas passage G1 between the non-consumable electrode 11 and the nozzle electrode 13, and to supply a shielding gas to a second gas passage G2 between the nozzle electrode 13 and the nozzle 15.

[0022] The gas supply device 3 includes a gas flow regulator 31, a solenoid valve 32, a gas pressure regulator 33, and a mass flow controller .

[0023] The gas flow regulator 31 sets the flow rate of the shielding gas supplied from the gas cylinder 4. For example, the gas flow regulator 31 can increase or decrease the gas flow rate by a flow valve operated by an operator. The solenoid valve 32 switches between supplying and blocking the shielding gas from the gas flow regulator 31 to the second gas flow path G2 in response to a control signal from the control device 22.

[0024] The gas pressure regulator 33 sets the pressure of the working gas. The mass flow controller 34 increases or decreases the flow rate of the working gas from the gas pressure regulator 33 to the first gas flow path G1 in response to a control signal from the control device 22. The mass flow controller 34 is a device that measures the mass flow rate of a fluid and controls the flow rate, and is used in processes that require highly accurate flow rate measurement and control.

[0025] As shown in Fig. 1, the flow rate of the shielding gas is set to a constant value by a gas flow regulator 31 having a built-in remaining gas meter and flow meter. The control device 22 controls only the ON / OFF of the supply of the shielding gas via an electromagnetic valve 32. On the other hand, for the working gas, a mass flow controller 34 is provided after the gas pressure regulator 33, and it is possible to control the ON / OFF of the gas supply and adjust the gas flow rate by a signal from the control device 22. The gas pressure regulator 33 may be provided on the gas cylinder 4 side.

[0026] 1, the separation device 1000 is a device that separates a dissimilar material bonded metal 6 and a resin 7 by irradiating a plasma P to the dissimilar material bonded material of a metal 6 and a resin 7. The control device 22 controls the power supply circuit 21 to adjust the temperature of the plasma P to a temperature at which the dissimilar material bonded materials can be separated from each other.

[0027] Specifically, the controller 22 adjusts the amount of current flowing through the non-consumable electrode 11 by controlling the power supply circuit 21, thereby adjusting the temperature of the plasma P. In this manner, the controller 22 adjusts the temperature of the plasma P by controlling the amount of current flowing through the non-consumable electrode 11.

[0028] 2 is a diagram showing how dissimilar materials joined together are separated by a non-transferred plasma torch 1. The non-transferred plasma torch 1 is attached to the tip of a number of cables extending from a DC power source 2. A torch switch 24 for an operator to operate is disposed near the non-transferred plasma torch 1. The operator ensures that plasma P is directed toward the metal 6 when separating the dissimilar materials joined together, metal 6 and resin 7.

[0029] By irradiating the plasma P from the metal 6 side, the resin 7 portion is not directly heated, and therefore it is possible to prevent a sudden rise in temperature due to direct heating of the resin 7. Note that, in terms of the relationship between the temperature of the plasma P, the melting point of the metal 6, and the melting point of the resin 7, as long as the temperature of the resin 7 does not rise abruptly, the plasma P may be irradiated from the resin 7 side.

[0030] Figure 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the type of material and the melting point. Resin and metal as shown in Figure 3 are often used for joining dissimilar materials. The melting point of polycarbonate (PC), a resin, is approximately 150°C. The melting point of polypropylene (PP), a resin, is approximately 165°C. The melting point of polyamide 6 (PA6), a resin, is approximately 220°C. The melting point of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), a resin, is approximately 280°C.

[0031] The melting point of aluminum, which is a metal, is about 660°C. The melting point of iron, which is a metal, is about 1500°C. As shown in FIG. 3, there is a difference in melting point between the metal 6 and the resin 7, which are the materials to be joined as dissimilar materials. The control device 22 controls the power supply circuit 21 so that the temperature of the plasma P is in the range of 120°C or higher and 400°C or lower, for example. This allows the separation device 1000 to adjust the temperature to a temperature range in which the temperature of the resin 7 does not rise abruptly, and therefore allows the joined materials to be suitably separated from each other.

[0032] The separation device 1000 can be used as a welding and cutting device 1000A having the functions of welding and cutting by replacing the torch. The welding and cutting device 1000A in which the non-transferred plasma torch 1 of the separation device 1000 is replaced with a transferred plasma torch 1A will be described. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the welding and cutting device 1000A of the present disclosure. The welding and cutting device 1000A differs from the separation device 1000 in that a transferred plasma torch 1A is used and the positive terminal 107 of the DC power source 2 is directly connected to the metal 6 by a cable. The other configurations are the same as those of the separation device 1000.

[0033] 4, the transferred plasma torch 1A includes a non-consumable electrode 11, an insulating member 12, a nozzle 13A, and a nozzle 15. The nozzle 13A is cylindrical and is arranged concentrically on the radially outer side of the non-consumable electrode 11. The nozzle 15 is cylindrical and is arranged concentrically on the radially outer side of the nozzle 13A.

[0034] The transferred plasma torch 1A has a structure in which two nozzles are arranged in a double configuration, one inside and one outside a concentric circle centered on a tungsten electrode. Between the non-consumable electrode 11 and the nozzle 13A, a working gas flows for generating plasma P. Between the nozzle 13A and the nozzle 15, a shielding gas flows for protecting the metal 6, which is the object to be irradiated with plasma P, from the atmosphere. The shielding gas can prevent welding defects from occurring by protecting the welded bead. The nozzle 13A is a water-cooled type in which water flows inside, but the structure is not shown in the figure. The nozzle electrode 13 may be air-cooled instead of water-cooled.

[0035] The transferred type plasma torch 1A generates plasma P between the non-consumable electrode 11 and the metal 6. Since the transferred type plasma torch 1A can pass a current directly through the metal 6, the temperature of the plasma P can be increased more than that of the non-transferred type plasma torch 1. For example, the transferred type plasma torch 1A can generate plasma P at several thousand degrees Celsius to several tens of thousands of degrees Celsius. This allows the welding and cutting device 1000A to weld or cut the metal 6.

[0036] The separating device 1000 and the welding / cutting device 1000A used for welding or cutting can be used alternately by switching the torch and switching the connection of the positive terminal 107 of the DC power source 2. This allows existing equipment to be used without making major changes.

[0037] Next, the control contents executed by the control device 22 will be described. Fig. 5 is a flowchart showing the control contents executed by the control device 22. The processing of the flowchart in Fig. 5 is repeatedly called and executed as a subroutine from the main routine in the control of the control device 22. First, in step S (hereinafter simply referred to as "S") 1, the control device 22 determines whether or not the torch being used is the non-transferred plasma torch 1, which is a separation torch.

[0038] Whether or not the torch 1 is a non-transfer type may be determined based on a signal input by an operator using the operation panel 23. When the control device 22 determines in S1 that the torch is a separation torch (YES in S1), it sets the temperature of the plasma P suitable for separating the dissimilar joined materials (S2).

[0039] Specifically, in S2, the control device 22 adjusts the value of the current supplied from the power supply circuit 21 based on a signal related to the set temperature of the plasma P from the operation panel 23. The control device 22 sets the temperature of the plasma P to 120° C. or higher and 400° C. or lower. This allows the dissimilar materials joined metal 6 and resin 7 to be separated within an appropriate temperature range.

[0040] Next, the control device 22 executes irradiation of the plasma P based on a start signal of the plasma P from the torch switch 24 (S3). Next, the control device 22 judges whether or not the separation of the dissimilar material joint is completed based on a stop signal of the plasma P from the torch switch 24 (S4). The control device 22 judges that the separation is completed based on receiving the stop signal of the plasma P from the torch switch 24 (YES in S4), and returns the process from the subroutine to the main routine. If the control device 22 does not receive the stop signal of the plasma P from the torch switch 24, it judges that the separation is not completed (NO in S4), and returns to the process of S3.

[0041] If the control device 22 determines in the process of S1 that the torch is not a separation torch (NO in S1), it determines that the torch is a welding or cutting torch, and sets the temperature of the plasma P suitable for welding or cutting (S5). The control device 22 determines whether a transferred type plasma torch 1A other than the non-transferred type plasma torch 1 is connected based on a signal input to the operation panel 23 in S1. If neither torch is connected, the process of FIG. 5 should not be executed.

[0042] Next, the control device 22 sets the temperature of the plasma P suitable for welding or cutting (S5). Specifically, in S5, the control device 22 adjusts the value of the current supplied by the power supply circuit 21 based on a signal related to the set temperature of the plasma P from the operation panel 23. The control device 22 sets the temperature of the plasma P to several thousand degrees Celsius to several tens of thousands of degrees Celsius. This makes it possible to set the temperature of the plasma P to an appropriate temperature for welding or cutting the metal 6.

[0043] Next, the control device 22 executes irradiation of the plasma P based on a plasma P start signal from the torch switch 24 (S6). Next, the control device 22 determines whether the welding or cutting has ended based on a plasma P stop signal from the torch switch 24 (S7). The control device 22 determines that the welding or cutting has ended based on the reception of the plasma P stop signal from the torch switch 24 (YES in S7), and returns the process from the subroutine to the main routine. If the control device 22 does not receive the plasma P stop signal from the torch switch 24, it determines that the welding or cutting has not ended (NO in S7), and returns to the process of S6.

[0044] As described above, the separation device 1000 of this embodiment uses a non-transfer type plasma torch 1 and can adjust the temperature of the plasma P to a temperature at which the dissimilar materials joined together can be separated, making it possible to easily separate the dissimilar materials joined together.

[0045] The welding and cutting apparatus 1000A of this embodiment uses a transferred type plasma torch 1A and can adjust the temperature of the plasma P to a temperature at which the metal 6 can be welded or cut. Therefore, by changing the torch, it is possible to use existing equipment to handle welding or cutting other than separation.

[0046] <Modification> The separating device 1000 and the welding and cutting device 1000A have been described as devices that are manually operated by an operator. The separating device 1000 and the welding and cutting device 1000A may be configured such that the non-transferred plasma torch 1 or the transferred plasma torch 1A is disposed at the tip of a robot arm. When disposed at the tip of a robot arm, the separating device 1000 and the welding and cutting device 1000A may be configured to automatically switch between separating, welding, and cutting by a program.

[0047] The separating apparatus 1000 has been described as an apparatus for separating dissimilar materials bonded to the metal 6 and the resin 7. However, the separating apparatus 1000 may be an apparatus for separating dissimilar metals. In this case, the temperature of the plasma P may be changed depending on the type of metal.

[0048] In the above description, the separating apparatus 1000 and the welding and cutting apparatus 1000A adjust the temperature of the plasma P by controlling the power supply circuit 21. The temperature of the plasma P may be adjusted by changing the type of gas flowing as the working gas.

[0049] The temperature of the plasma P may be adjusted by changing the amount of insulating member 12 covering the non-consumable electrode 11. The more the non-insulated tip of the non-consumable electrode 11 protrudes, the more the amount of plasma P generated increases, and therefore the temperature of the plasma P can be increased. The position of the insulating member 12 may be finely adjusted by a screw-type mechanism. In this way, the non-transferred plasma torch 1 can adjust the amount of insulating member 12 covering the non-consumable electrode 11 and adjust the temperature of the plasma P.

[0050] <Summary> (1) The present disclosure relates to a separation device 1000 that separates dissimilar joined materials. The separation device 1000 includes a non-transferred plasma torch 1 that generates plasma P, a power supply circuit 21 that supplies current to the non-transferred plasma torch 1, a gas supply device 3 that supplies gas to the non-transferred plasma torch 1, and a control device 22 that controls the power supply circuit 21 and the gas supply device 3. The control device 22 controls the power supply circuit 21 to adjust the temperature of the plasma P to a first temperature at which the dissimilar joined materials can be separated.

[0051] This allows the temperature of the plasma P to be adjusted to the first temperature at which the bonded dissimilar materials can be separated from each other, so that the bonded dissimilar materials can be easily separated from each other.

[0052] (2) In the separation apparatus 1000 of (1), the first temperature is in the range of 120°C or more and 400°C or less.

[0053] This allows the temperature of the resin 7 to be adjusted to a temperature range in which it does not rise abruptly, so that the dissimilar materials joined together can be easily separated from each other.

[0054] (3) In the separation apparatus 1000 of (1) or (2), the control device 22 adjusts the value of the current supplied by the power supply circuit 21 to the first temperature.

[0055] This allows the temperature of the plasma P to be adjusted to the first temperature at which the bonded dissimilar materials can be separated from each other, so that the bonded dissimilar materials can be easily separated from each other.

[0056] (4) In the separating apparatus 1000 according to any one of (1) to (3), the plasma P is irradiated toward the metal 6 side when separating the dissimilarly joined metal 6 and resin 7.

[0057] This makes it possible to prevent the resin 7 from being directly heated and causing a sudden increase in temperature.

[0058] (5) The separating apparatus 1000 according to any one of (1) to (4) further includes a transferred plasma torch 1A that generates plasma P. The transferred plasma torch 1A is switchable with the non-transferred plasma torch 1. The control device 22 controls the power supply circuit 21 to adjust the temperature of the plasma P to a second temperature at which metals can be welded or cut.

[0059] This makes it possible to use existing equipment to handle welding or cutting other than separation.

[0060] (6) The present disclosure relates to a separation method using a separation apparatus 1000 for separating dissimilar joined materials. The separation apparatus 1000 includes a non-transferred plasma torch 1 that generates plasma P, a power supply circuit 21 that supplies current to the non-transferred plasma torch 1, a gas supply device 3 that supplies gas to the non-transferred plasma torch 1, and a control device 22 that controls the power supply circuit 21 and the gas supply device 3. The separation method includes a step of controlling the power supply circuit 21 to adjust the temperature of the plasma P to a first temperature at which the dissimilar joined materials can be separated.

[0061] This allows the temperature of the plasma P to be adjusted to the first temperature at which the bonded dissimilar materials can be separated from each other, so that the bonded dissimilar materials can be easily separated from each other.

[0062] (7) The present disclosure relates to a welding and cutting device 1000A for welding or cutting metals. The welding and cutting device 1000A includes a transferred type plasma torch 1A that generates plasma P, a power supply circuit 21 that supplies current to the transferred type plasma torch 1A, a gas supply device 3 that supplies gas to the transferred type plasma torch 1A, and a control device 22 that controls the power supply circuit 21 and the gas supply device 3. The control device 22 controls the power supply circuit 21 to adjust the temperature of the plasma P to a second temperature at which metals can be welded or cut. The transferred type plasma torch 1A is switchable with a non-transferred type plasma torch 1.

[0063] This makes it possible to use existing equipment to handle welding or cutting other than separation.

[0064] The embodiments disclosed herein should be considered to be illustrative and not restrictive in all respects. The scope of the present disclosure is defined by the claims, not by the description of the embodiments described above, and is intended to include all modifications within the meaning and scope of the claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0065] 1 non-transferred plasma torch, 1A transferred plasma torch, 2 DC power supply, 3 gas supply device, 4, 5 gas cylinder, 6 metal, 7 resin, 11 non-consumable electrode, 12, 14 insulating material, 13 nozzle electrode, 13A, 15 nozzle, 21 power supply circuit, 22 control device, 23 operation panel, 24 torch switch, 31 gas flow regulator, 32 solenoid valve, 33 gas pressure regulator, 34 mass flow controller, 1000 separation device, 1000A welding and cutting device, G1, G2 flow path, P plasma.

Claims

1. A separation device for separating dissimilar materials joined together, comprising: a non-transferred plasma torch for generating plasma; a power supply circuit for supplying current to the non-transferred plasma torch; A gas supply device for supplying gas to the non-transferred plasma torch; a control device for controlling the power supply circuit and the gas supply device, The control device controls the power supply circuit to adjust a temperature of the plasma to a first temperature at which the dissimilar joined materials can be separated.

2. The separation apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first temperature is in the range of 120° C. to 400° C.

3. 3. The separation device according to claim 1, wherein the control device adjusts the value of the current supplied by the power supply circuit to the first temperature.

4. 3. The separation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the plasma is irradiated toward the metal side when separating the dissimilar joined metal and resin.

5. Further comprising a transferred plasma torch for generating plasma; The transferred plasma torch is switchable with the non-transferred plasma torch; The separation apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the control device controls the power supply circuit to adjust a temperature of the plasma to a second temperature capable of welding or cutting metals.

6. A separation method using a separation device for separating dissimilar materials joined together, comprising the steps of: The separation device comprises: a non-transferred plasma torch for generating plasma; a power supply circuit for supplying current to the non-transferred plasma torch; A gas supply device for supplying gas to the non-transferred plasma torch; a control device for controlling the power supply circuit and the gas supply device, The separation method includes a step of controlling the power supply circuit to adjust a temperature of the plasma to a first temperature at which the dissimilar joined materials can be separated from each other.

7. A welding and cutting device for welding or cutting metals, comprising: A transferred plasma torch for generating plasma; a power supply circuit for supplying current to the transferred plasma torch; A gas supply device for supplying gas to the transferred plasma torch; a control device for controlling the power supply circuit and the gas supply device, the control device controls the power supply circuit to adjust a temperature of the plasma to a second temperature at which metal can be welded or cut; A welding and cutting apparatus, wherein the transferred plasma torch is switchable with a non-transferred plasma torch.

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