Form, manufacturing method of concrete and concrete

Abstract

To provide a form capable of demolding without being destroyed in spite of a lamination trace.SOLUTION: A form of the present disclosure is the form into which fresh concrete is placed. The form includes a plurality of dam plates. The plurality of dam plates include at least one dam plate-like molded article having a lamination trace by lamination molding on a surface in contact with the fresh concrete. The dam plate-like molded article is positioned so that, when demolding, the dam plate-like molded article can be removed in a specific direction from the concrete that the fresh concrete is hardened to form the concrete. The specific direction indicates a direction perpendicular to an extending direction in which the lamination trace extends and to a piled-up direction in which a molding layers constituting the dam plate-like molded article are stacked.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a formwork, a method for producing concrete, and concrete. [Background technology]

[0002] Concrete is generally obtained by pouring fresh concrete into a formwork, curing it, and removing the formwork. Conventionally, wooden frames and metal frames have been used as the formwork.

[0003] In recent years, in order to easily produce concrete of complex three-dimensional shapes, forms made by 3D printers (hereinafter also referred to as "3DP forms") have been used. Patent Document 1 discloses a 3DP form. In the 3DP form disclosed in Patent Document 1, the surface that comes into contact with the hardening material is formed of a plastic material having predetermined properties. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] US Patent Application Publication No. 2015-0336297 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] A model created by a 3D printer usually has lamination marks on its surface. In this disclosure, the term "lamination marks" refers to a plurality of streak-like irregularities formed on the surface of the model due to stacking of modeling layers. The streak-like irregularities usually extend in a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction of the modeling layers.

[0006] The lamination marks of the 3DP formwork are usually transferred to the concrete. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, when the 3DP formwork 910 in which the concrete 920 has been poured is removed, if the concrete 920 is pulled along a direction F1 parallel to the stacking direction D1 of the modeling layers 911, the lamination marks LT of the 3DP formwork 910 may get caught on the concrete 920, and the 3DP formwork 910 may not be easily removed from the concrete 920. In this case, in order to remove the 3DP formwork 910 from the concrete 920, the 3DP formwork 910 may have to be destroyed using a tool (e.g., a grinder) or the like. However, if the 3DP formwork 910 is destroyed using a tool or the like, the concrete 920 may be damaged by the tool or the like. In addition, the destroyed 3DP formwork 910 may not be able to be repeatedly used to pour fresh concrete.

[0007] In order to prevent the 3DP formwork from being destroyed when it is removed from the mold, it is possible to remove the layer marks on the surface that comes into contact with the concrete by cutting or other processes. However, the process of removing the layer marks requires time and costs.

[0008] In order to easily remove the 3DP form from the concrete, it is possible to create a 3DP form with relatively small layer marks by adjusting the setting parameters of the 3D printer (e.g., layer pitch, etc.). However, creating a 3DP form with relatively small layer marks using a 3D printer requires an enormous manufacturing time.

[0009] The embodiments of the present disclosure have been made in consideration of the above, and have an objective of providing a formwork that can be removed without being destroyed even if it has layer marks, a method for manufacturing concrete, and concrete. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] Means for solving the above problems include the following embodiments. <1> A formwork into which fresh concrete is poured, Equipped with multiple decking, The plurality of sheathing boards include at least one sheathing board-like object having a lamination mark formed by additive manufacturing on a surface in contact with the fresh concrete, The sheathing-like structure is arranged so that the sheathing-like structure can be removed in a specific direction from the concrete formed by hardening the fresh concrete during demolding; A formwork in which the specific direction indicates a direction perpendicular to the extension direction in which the lamination marks extend and to the stacking direction in which the modeling layers that constitute the sheathing-like object are stacked. <2> The dam-shaped object has at least one dam-shaped object split mold, The split mold for the dam-shaped object has a plurality of split bodies for the dam-shaped object which are divided by at least one parting line, The extending direction of the parting line is perpendicular to the extending direction of the lamination marks. <1> The formwork described in. <3> The plurality of sheathings are made up of a plurality of sheathing-like structures. <1> or <2> The formwork described in. <4> The structure further includes a support for fixing the plurality of sheathings. <1> ~ <3> 2. A formwork according to any one of the preceding claims. <5> The sheathing-like object contains a thermoplastic resin, The tensile modulus of the thermoplastic resin is 400 MPa or more. <1> ~ <4> 2. A formwork according to any one of the preceding claims. <6> The plate-shaped object is a product formed by a material extrusion method or a powder bed fusion method. <1> ~ <5> 2. A formwork according to any one of the preceding claims. <7> The sheathing-like object contains a resin, The resin includes a used resin. <1> ~ <6> 2. A formwork according to any one of the preceding claims. <8> The sheathing-like object contains a resin, The resin includes a resin derived from biomass. <1> ~ <7> 2. A formwork according to any one of the preceding claims. <9> The above <1> ~ <8> Preparing the formwork and the fresh concrete according to any one of the above; pouring the fresh concrete into the formwork and curing it to form the concrete; and removing the sheathing-like structure from the concrete in the specific direction. <10> The method further includes applying a release agent to the surface of the sheathing-like structure that contacts the fresh concrete two or more times; applying the release agent is performed after preparing the form and before forming the concrete; <9> A method for producing concrete according to claim 1. <11> The above <9> or <10> A concrete produced by the method for producing concrete according to claim 1. Effect of the Invention

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a formwork is provided that can be demolded without being destroyed and can support poured concrete even if it has stacking marks. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0012] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining removal of a formwork according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a mold according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a mold of Comparative Example 1 of the present disclosure. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of 3D data of a formwork of Comparative Example 1 of the present disclosure. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a sheathing-like structure of a formwork according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of two divided pieces of a sheathing-like structure that constitutes a sheathing-like structure of a formwork according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of 3D data of a sheathing-like object of a formwork according to a second embodiment of the disclosure. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining removal of a conventional formwork. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0013] In the present disclosure, the use of "to" indicating a numerical range means that the numerical values ​​before and after it are included as the lower limit and upper limit. In the present disclosure, in the ranges described stepwise, the upper or lower limit value described in one range may be replaced with the upper or lower limit value of another range described stepwise. In the ranges described in the present disclosure, the upper or lower limit value of the range may be replaced with the value shown in the examples. In the present disclosure, the term "step" refers not only to an independent step, but also to a step that cannot be clearly distinguished from other steps, as long as the intended purpose of the step is achieved. In this disclosure, when referring to the amount of each component in a composition, if multiple substances corresponding to each component are present in the composition, it means the total amount of multiple substances present in the composition, unless otherwise specified.

[0014] (1) Formwork The formwork of the present disclosure is a formwork into which fresh concrete is poured. The formwork includes a plurality of sheathings. The plurality of sheathings have at least one sheathing-like structure having lamination marks formed by additive manufacturing on a surface that contacts the fresh concrete (hereinafter also referred to as the "molding surface"). The sheathing-like structure is positioned so that, when demolding, the sheathing-like structure can be removed in a specific direction (hereinafter also referred to as the "demolding direction") from the concrete formed by the hardening of the fresh concrete. The specific direction indicates a direction perpendicular to the extension direction in which the lamination marks extend and the stacking direction in which the modeling layers that make up the sheathing-like structure are stacked (hereinafter also referred to as the "stacking direction").

[0015] In this disclosure, the term "formwork" refers to a temporary structure that holds poured fresh concrete in a predetermined shape and dimensions and supports the concrete until it reaches an appropriate strength. A "dam" is a part of the formwork that is in direct contact with the concrete. "Fresh concrete" refers to concrete in an unhardened state. "Shed-shaped object" refers to an object that has the shape of a sheath. "Object" refers to a layered structure formed by combining modeling layers using a 3D printer based on 3D model data.

[0016] In the formwork of the present disclosure, the sheathing-like object is arranged so that it can be removed from the concrete in the demolding direction when demolding. Therefore, even if there are layering marks, the layering marks on the molding surface of the sheathing are unlikely to get caught in the concrete when demolding. This allows the sheathing-like object to be easily removed from the concrete. 1, when the sheathing-like object 10 is demolded from the concrete 20, the sheathing-like object 10 can be pulled along a demolding direction F2. The demolding direction F2 indicates a direction perpendicular to the extension direction D2 in which the layering marks LT extend and to the stacking direction D1 of the modeling layers 11 that constitute the sheathing-like object 10. This allows the sheathing-like object 10 to be easily removed from the concrete 20 without getting caught on the concrete 20. As a result, the mold of the present disclosure can be removed from the mold without being destroyed even if it has lamination marks.

[0017] In addition, the formwork of the present disclosure does not require the cost and time required to remove the lamination marks. The formwork of the present disclosure can produce concrete without damaging the concrete with tools or the like. The formwork of the present disclosure can be repeatedly used to pour fresh concrete because it is not destroyed when the formwork is removed. The formwork of the present disclosure can produce concrete with lamination marks transferred to the surface (i.e., concrete that does not easily reflect light).

[0018] The size and shape of the formwork of the present disclosure are not particularly limited and are selected appropriately depending on the size and shape of the concrete.

[0019] (1.1) Sheathing The formwork of the present disclosure includes a plurality of sheathing boards. The plurality of sheathing boards constitute a mold for forming fresh concrete. The shape, size, and number of the sheathing boards are not particularly limited, and are appropriately selected depending on the shape, size, etc. of the concrete.

[0020] The plurality of sheathings each include at least one sheathing-like structure. The sheathing-like structure is arranged so that the sheathing-like structure can be removed from the concrete in a demolding direction during demolding.

[0021] (1.1.1) Shed-like structure The molded surface of the sheathing-like object has lamination marks due to additive manufacturing. The size and number of the lamination marks are not particularly limited and are appropriately selected depending on the shape and size of the concrete, etc.

[0022] The sheathing-like object preferably has at least one sheathing-like object split mold, and the sheathing-like object split mold preferably has a plurality of sheathing-like object segments split by at least one parting line. The extension direction of the parting line is parallel to the stacking direction. This allows the formwork of the present disclosure to produce concrete with more complex three-dimensional shapes (e.g., curved surfaces, etc.) and surface properties (e.g., uneven shapes, etc.), and allows concrete to be demolded without being destroyed even if it has stacking marks.

[0023] The term "parting line" refers to a line that indicates the boundary between each of a plurality of divided pieces of a sheathing-like object when the divided pieces of the sheathing-like object are integrated to form a sheathing-like object split mold.

[0024] The sheathing-like object is additively manufactured using a 3D printer. The additive manufacturing process for the sheathing-like object is not particularly limited, and is appropriately selected depending on the material of the sheathing-like object, the size of the concrete, etc. Examples of additive manufacturing processes include material extrusion (MEX), powder bed fusion (PBF), binder jetting (BJT), directed energy deposition (DED), material jetting (MJT), sheet lamination polymerization (SHL), and vat photopolymerization (VPP).

[0025] The dam-like object is preferably a dam-like object created by material extrusion (MEX) or powder bed fusion (PBF), which allows for a dam-like object of larger size (e.g., 1 m or more by 1 m or more) to be obtained than objects created by other additive manufacturing processes other than material extrusion (MEX) or powder bed fusion (PBF).

[0026] (1.1.1.1) Thermoplastic resin The sheathing-like object contains a thermoplastic resin, and the thermoplastic resin preferably has a tensile modulus of elasticity of 400 MPa or more at 25°C. This gives the sheathing-like object sufficient hardness. Therefore, the sheathing-like object is less likely to deform when fresh concrete is poured in. As a result, the formwork of the present disclosure can mold concrete having a desired shape. The tensile modulus of elasticity of the thermoplastic resin is more preferably 1000 MPa or more, and even more preferably 2000 MPa or more, from the viewpoint of being able to reduce the thickness of the sheathing-like structure in order to ensure the necessary rigidity as a concrete formwork.

[0027] The tensile modulus is measured in accordance with JIS K7161-2:2014. The test piece is 1A type, the test temperature is 23 degrees, and the test speed is 1.0 mm / min.

[0028] The sheathing-like shaped object may contain a thermoplastic resin or may be made of a thermoplastic resin.

[0029] In this disclosure, the term "thermoplastic resin" refers to a resin having a tensile modulus of elasticity of 6.0×10 at 25° C.8 This indicates a thermoplastic resin with a thermal expansion coefficient of 10 Pa or more.

[0030] The thermoplastic resin is not particularly limited, and any known thermoplastic resin can be used, such as general-purpose plastics, engineering plastics, and super engineering plastics. Examples of general-purpose plastics include high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), propylene-based polymers (propylene homopolymer (PP) and the like), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinylidene chloride polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resin (ABS resin), styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (AS resin), acrylic resin (PMMA and the like), and the like. Examples of engineering plastics include polyamide (PA), polyacetal (POM), polycarbonate (PC), modified polyphenylene ether (m-PPE, modified PPE, PPO), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), syndiotactic polystyrene (SPS), and cyclic polyolefin (COP). Examples of super engineering plastics include polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polysulfone (PSF), polyethersulfone (PES), amorphous polyarylate (PAR), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), thermoplastic polyimide (PI), and polyamideimide (PAI). The thermoplastic resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.

[0031] When the sheathing-like object contains a thermoplastic resin, the content of the thermoplastic resin may be from 0.1% by mass to 100% by mass, or from 10% by mass to 70% by mass, and a range of from 20% by mass to 60% by mass is more preferable, relative to the total mass of the sheathing-like object.

[0032] (1.1.1.2) Filler The sheathing-like shaped object may contain a filler, such as an inorganic powder, a glittering inorganic powder, a composite inorganic powder, or an inorganic fiber. Examples of the inorganic powder include talc, titanium oxide, black titanium oxide, and konjo. Examples of the shiny inorganic powder include bismuth oxychloride, titanium oxide-coated mica, iron oxide-coated mica, and iron oxide-coated mica titanium. Examples of the composite inorganic powder include fine particle titanium oxide-coated mica titanium, fine particle zinc oxide-coated mica titanium, barium sulfate-coated mica titanium, and titanium oxide-containing silica. The inorganic fibers include glass fibers. The fillers may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.

[0033] The shape of the filler may be any of a sphere, a plate, and a needle. The filler may be porous or non-porous.

[0034] When the sheathing-shaped object contains a filler, the content of the filler may be 5% by mass to 70% by mass with respect to the total mass of the sheathing-shaped object.

[0035] (1.1.1.3) Thermoplastic elastomers The dam-like shape may include a thermoplastic elastomer or may be made of a thermoplastic elastomer.

[0036] The term "thermoplastic elastomer" refers to a material having rubber-like elasticity. Specifically, the term "thermoplastic elastomer" refers to a material having a tensile modulus of elasticity of 6.0×10 at 25°C. 8 This refers to thermoplastic resins with a modulus of less than Pa.

[0037] The thermoplastic elastomer may be a copolymer containing a structural unit derived from an α-olefin and a structural unit derived from another olefin different from the α-olefin. Examples of the α-olefin include 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 3-methyl-1-butene, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, and 1-octene. Examples of the other olefin different from the α-olefin include olefins having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, such as ethylene, propylene, and butene.

[0038] When the sheathing-like object contains a thermoplastic elastomer, the content of the thermoplastic elastomer may be 0.1 to 100% by mass, or 10 to 70% by mass, based on the total amount of the sheathing-like object.

[0039] (1.1.1.4) Used resin The sheathing-like object preferably contains resin, and the resin preferably contains used resin, thereby reducing the environmental impact.

[0040] The used resin is not particularly limited as long as it is a resin that has been used. The used resin may be a resin that has been used for a dam-like object formed by the formwork of the present disclosure, or may be a resin that has been used for an object other than the dam-like object formed by the formwork of the present disclosure.

[0041] (1.1.1.5) Biomass-derived resins The sheathing-like object preferably contains a resin, and the resin preferably contains a biomass-derived resin. Since the biomass-derived resin is a carbon-neutral material, it is possible to reduce the environmental impact in the production of the sheathing-like object.

[0042] Monomers that are raw materials for biomass-derived thermoplastic resins can be obtained by cracking biomass naphtha or synthesizing them from biomass-derived ethylene. The biomass-derived thermoplastic resins can be obtained by polymerizing the biomass-derived monomers thus synthesized in the same manner as in the case of using conventionally known petroleum-derived thermoplastic resins. A thermoplastic resin polymer synthesized using a bio-derived monomer as a raw material is a biomass-derived thermoplastic polymer. The content of the bio-derived thermoplastic polymer in the raw material monomer is more than 0 mass% relative to the total amount of the raw material monomer, and may be 100 mass% or less. The "biomass degree" indicates the content of carbon derived from biomass, and is calculated by measuring radioactive carbon (C14). Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere contains a certain percentage of C14 (approximately 105.5 pMC). Therefore, it is known that the C14 content in plants that grow by absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere (such as corn) is also about 105.5 pMC. It is also known that fossil fuels contain very little C14. Therefore, the content of carbon derived from biomass in the raw material can be calculated by measuring the proportion of C14 in the total carbon atoms in the polymer. The thermoplastic polymer used as the raw material in the present disclosure may include a thermoplastic polymer obtained by recycling, that is, a so-called recycled polymer. The term "recycled polymer" includes polymers obtained by recycling waste polymer products, and can be produced, for example, by the method described in DE 102019127827 (A1). The recycled polymer may contain a marker that identifies it as having been obtained by recycling.

[0043] (1.1.2) Other sheathing The multiple sheathing boards may include, in addition to the sheathing-like structure, other sheathing boards different from the sheathing-like structure depending on the shape of the concrete, etc. Examples of the other sheathing boards include wooden sheathing boards and metal sheathing boards. The other sheathing boards may be known sheathing boards.

[0044] In particular, the multiple sheathing boards are preferably made up of multiple sheathing-like structures. In other words, the multiple sheathing boards are preferably made up of only multiple sheathing-like structures. This allows the formwork of the present disclosure to mold concrete having a more complex three-dimensional shape (e.g., curved surface, etc.) that is more difficult to demold than when the multiple sheathing boards include other sheathing boards, and even if there are stacking marks, the concrete can be demolded without being destroyed.

[0045] (1.2) Shoring It is preferable that the formwork of the present disclosure further comprises shoring for fixing the plurality of sheathing boards.

[0046] "Shoring" refers to a temporary structure used to secure a sheathing in place.

[0047] By further providing shoring in the formwork of the present disclosure, the multiple sheathing boards can more securely hold the poured fresh concrete in the specified shape than in a formwork configuration that does not include shoring.

[0048] The shoring may be a known shoring. Examples of the material of the shoring include resin, metal, and resin.

[0049] (2) Concrete manufacturing method The method for producing concrete according to the present disclosure includes preparing the formwork and the fresh concrete according to the present disclosure (hereinafter also referred to as the "preparation step"), pouring the fresh concrete into the formwork, curing it, and forming the concrete (hereinafter also referred to as the "concrete formation step"), and removing the sheathing-like object from the concrete in the specific direction (hereinafter also referred to as the "removal step"). The preparation step, concrete formation step, and demolding step are carried out in this order.

[0050] Since the concrete manufacturing method of the present disclosure has the above-mentioned configuration, it is possible to manufacture concrete having a complex shape without damaging the surface.

[0051] (2.1) Preparation process The method for producing concrete according to the present disclosure includes a preparation step, in which the formwork and fresh concrete according to the present disclosure are prepared.

[0052] (2.1.1) Formwork The method for preparing the formwork may be any known method, except that the dam-like object is formed using a 3D printer. The additive modeling process of the 3D printer may be the same as the method exemplified in "(1.1.1) Dam-like object". The setting parameters of the 3D printer may be appropriately adjusted depending on the additive modeling process, the size of the dam-like object, etc.

[0053] (2.1.2) Fresh concrete The method for preparing the fresh concrete is not particularly limited and may be any known method.

[0054] The composition of the fresh concrete is not particularly limited and is appropriately selected depending on the application of the concrete, etc. The fresh concrete may contain cement, aggregate, and water, and may further contain an admixture. Examples of cement include ordinary Portland cement, high-early-strength Portland cement, ultra-high-early-strength Portland cement, low-heat Portland cement, and moderate-heat Portland cement. The unit cement amount is preferably 270 kg / m 3 ~500kg / m 3 may be also possible. Examples of aggregates include fine aggregates (e.g., river sand, mountain sand, land sand, etc.), coarse aggregates (e.g., river gravel, mountain gravel, crushed stone, etc.), etc. The unit amount of aggregate is 500 kg / m 3 ~1100kg / m 3 may be also possible. Examples of water include tap water and treated sewage water. The unit water amount is 100 kg / m 3 ~200kg / m 3 may be also possible. Examples of admixtures include air entraining agents (AE agents), water reducing agents, foaming agents, foaming agents, setting regulators, hardening accelerators, waterproofing agents, water repellents, water retention agents, rust inhibitors, thickeners, pigments, and efflorescence inhibitors.

[0055] (2.2) Release agent application process The concrete manufacturing method of the present disclosure preferably further includes applying a release agent two or more times to the surface of the sheathing-like object that contacts the fresh concrete (hereinafter also referred to as a "release agent application step"). The application of the release agent (release agent application step) is performed after preparing the formwork (preparation step) and before forming the concrete (concrete formation step). This makes it easier to form a release agent layer on the forming surface of the sheathing-like object. Therefore, it is easier to remove the sheathing-like object from the concrete in the demolding direction than if the release agent application step is not performed.

[0056] The release agent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include fluorine compound type release agents (e.g., triperfluorooctyl phosphate, triperfluorododecyl phosphate, etc.), silicone compound type release agents (dimethylpolysiloxane, amino-modified dimethylpolysiloxane, etc.), fatty acid ester type release agents (e.g., butyl stearate, hardened castor oil, etc.), waxes (paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, etc.). The release agent may contain an organic solvent (e.g., toluene, n-hexane, etc.). The method of applying the release agent is not particularly limited, and may be a known method. The amount of release agent applied at one time is not particularly limited, and may be a commonly used amount (e.g., 200 cc / m 2 ) may also be used.

[0057] (2.3) Concrete formation process The method for producing concrete according to the present disclosure includes a concrete forming step, in which the fresh concrete is poured into the formwork and cured to form the concrete.

[0058] The method of pouring and curing is not particularly limited and may be any known method.

[0059] (2.4) Demolding process The method for producing concrete according to the present disclosure includes a demolding step in which a sheathing-like object is removed from the concrete in a demolding direction.

[0060] The method for removing the sheathing-like object in the demolding direction is not particularly limited, and may be any known method.

[0061] The concrete of the present disclosure is produced by the method for producing concrete of the present disclosure.

[0062] Since the concrete of the present disclosure has the above-mentioned configuration, the layered marks of the sheathing-like structures are transferred onto the surface, the concrete is less likely to reflect light, and has a complex shape.

[0063] The shape and size of the concrete of the present disclosure are not particularly limited, and are appropriately selected depending on the application of the concrete of the present disclosure, etc.

[0064] Applications of the concrete of the present disclosure include construction materials for civil engineering structures and architectural structures. EXAMPLES

[0065] The present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to examples, although the present disclosure is not limited to these examples.

[0066] [1] Preparation of materials Virgin pellets made by mixing, melting, and extruding the following materials as materials for 3D modeling. A slit (size: φ2.5 × 3 mm) was prepared.

[0067] [1.1] Materials for the shingle-like structure [1.1.1] Thermoplastic resin J105G: Prime Polypro J-105G (propylene homopolymer, Prime Polymer Co., Ltd.)

[0068] [1.1.2] Filler Talc: Volume average particle size 5μm~10μm

[0069] [1.1.3] Thermoplastic elastomers XM7090: Toughmer XM-7090 (Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.)

[0070] [1.2] Ingredients for fresh concrete [1.2.1] Cement Ordinary Portland cement: Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd.

[0071] [1.2.2] Aggregates ·Fine aggregate: fine sand / crushed sand Coarse aggregate: crushed stone

[0072] [1.2.3] Admixtures High-performance AE damping material: Pozzolith Solutions, Inc.

[0073] [2] Example 1 [2.1] Preparation process [2.1.1] Formwork A formwork 100 as shown in Fig. 2 was fabricated. The formwork 100 is a rectangular box-like object with an opening facing upward (positive direction of the Z axis). The formwork 100 is composed of a bottom plate 110 (a sheathing-like structure), a rectangular wooden cylindrical frame 120 (another sheathing), and shoring (not shown). The bottom plate 110 is placed inside the wooden cylindrical frame 120.

[0074] The wooden tubular frame 120 and supports were prepared in a known manner.

[0075] The bottom plate 110 was prepared by additive manufacturing using a 3D printer as described below.

[0076] For additive manufacturing of the bottom plate 110, a material extrusion (MEX) 3D printer ("EXF-12" manufactured by ExtraBold Co., Ltd., nozzle diameter: 6 mm) and application software ("Cura" manufactured by Ultimaker) were used.

[0077] 17 parts by mass of thermoplastic resin, 40 parts by mass of filler, and 43 parts by mass of thermoplastic elastomer were mixed to obtain pellets of a material for 3D modeling. The pellets were put into a hopper and fed into a cylinder through the hopper. Next, the temperature of the material for 3D modeling was heated to 180°C to 240°C by a heater provided in the cylinder, and melted.

[0078] Using application software, the following 3D data was sliced ​​to generate multiple pieces of 2D data. Based on the multiple pieces of 2D data, the application software's parameters were set as follows, and a rectangular box was layered by material extrusion (MEX). A flat plate portion (210 × 300 mm) of the rectangular box was cut out to obtain the bottom plate 110. A plurality of layer marks LT were formed on the molding surface S110 of the bottom plate 110 at predetermined intervals in the X direction. The layer marks LT extended along the Y axis direction.

[0079] [2.1.1.1] 3D data 3D shape: rectangular box (not shown) Length along the X-axis: 375mm Length along the Y axis: 375mm Length along Z axis: 310mm

[0080] [2.1.1.2] Configuration parameters Stacking direction: X-axis direction (see Figure 2) - Build speed: 1800mm / min Nozzle temperature: 200℃ Layer pitch: 3.0mm ·Filling rate: 100% Fill Pattern: Solid

[0081] [2.1.2] Fresh concrete 30 parts by mass of cement, 50 parts by mass of aggregate, 8 parts by mass of water, and 0.3 parts by mass of admixture were mixed to obtain fresh concrete.

[0082] [2.2] Concrete formation process Fresh concrete was poured into the formwork 100. After the pouring of the fresh concrete was completed, it was left to stand for one day for curing. In this way, concrete was formed.

[0083] [2.3] Demolding process The wooden cylindrical frame 120 and supports (not shown) were removed from the formwork 100. Next, the concrete was lifted in the positive direction of the Z axis (see FIG. 2) (the demolding direction), and the bottom plate 110 was easily removed from the concrete (see FIG. 1). The demolding direction (positive direction of the Z axis) (see FIG. 2) was perpendicular to the extension direction (Y-axis direction) of the layer marks LT and the stacking direction of the modeling layers (X-axis direction).

[0084] From the above, it was found that the mold 100 of Example 1 was "a mold that can be removed without being destroyed even if it has lamination marks".

[0085] [3] Comparative Example 1 [3.1] Preparation process [3.1.1] Formwork A form 200 was produced as shown in Fig. 3. The form 200 is a boat-shaped object having an opening in the upward direction (positive direction of the Z axis). The form 200 is made of only a sheathing-like object.

[0086] A mold 200 was obtained by the same additive manufacturing as in Example 1, except that the 3D data and the setting parameters were changed to the following conditions. The mold 200 has a bottom 210 and an overhanging portion 220 that overhangs upward (in the positive direction of the X-axis) from the bottom 210. The molding surface S200 of the mold 200 has an inner surface S210 of the bottom 210 and an inner surface S220 of the overhanging portion 220. No lamination marks were formed on the inner surface S210 of the bottom 210. A plurality of lamination marks LT were formed on the inner surface S220 of the overhanging portion 220 at predetermined intervals in the Z direction. The lamination marks LT extended along the inner circumferential direction of the inner surface S220 of the overhanging portion 220.

[0087] [3.1.1.1] 3D data 3D shape: Ship-shaped object D200 (see Figure 4) Upper X-axis length: 258mm Length of bottom X-axis: 200mm Length in Z-axis direction: 57mm

[0088] [3.1.1.2] Configuration parameters Stacking direction: Z-axis direction (see Figure 3) - Build speed: 1500mm / min Nozzle temperature: 200℃ Layer pitch: 3.0mm ·Filling rate: 100% Fill Pattern: Solid

[0089] [3.1.2] Fresh concrete Fresh concrete was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0090] [3.2] Concrete formation process Fresh concrete was poured into the formwork 200. After the pouring of the fresh concrete was completed, it was left to stand for one day for curing. In this way, the concrete was formed.

[0091] [3.3] Demolding process When the concrete was lifted in the positive direction of the Z axis (see FIG. 3) (the demolding direction), the formwork 200 did not come off from the concrete (see FIG. 8). The demolding direction (positive direction of the Z axis) (see FIG. 3) was not perpendicular to the extension direction of the layer marks LT (the inner circumferential direction of the inner surface S220 of the protruding portion 220) and the stacking direction of the modeling layers (the Z axis direction).

[0092] A grinder was used to make cuts in the overhanging portion 220 of the formwork 200, and the formwork 200 was removed from the concrete. Cuts made by the grinder were confirmed on the surface of the concrete.

[0093] As described above, it has been found that the form 200 of Comparative Example 1 is not a "form that can be removed without being destroyed even if it has lamination marks".

[0094] [4] Example 2 [4.1] Preparation process [4.1.1] Formwork A formwork 300 as shown in Figures 5 and 6 was fabricated. The formwork 300 is a rectangular box-like object with an opening facing upward (positive direction of the Z axis). The formwork 300 is composed of a rectangular tubular object 310 (a sheathing-like object), a wooden bottom plate 320 (another sheathing), and a support (not shown). The rectangular tubular object 310 is composed only of a split mold for the sheathing-like object.

[0095] A rectangular cylindrical object 310 was obtained by the same additive manufacturing as in Example 1, except that the 3D data and the setting parameters were changed to the following conditions. A plurality of additive marks LT were formed at a predetermined interval in the Z direction on the inner molding surface S310 of the rectangular cylindrical object 310. The additive marks LT extended along the inner circumferential direction of the rectangular cylindrical object 310. The rectangular cylindrical object 310 was cut into two pieces, and divided into a divided body of a dam-shaped object 311 and a divided body of a dam-shaped object 312, as shown in FIG. 6. The extension direction (Z-axis direction) of the parting line PL between the divided body of the dam-shaped object 311 and the divided body of the dam-shaped object 312 was parallel to the stacking direction (Z-axis direction) of the modeling layers. In other words, the extension direction (Z-axis direction) of the parting line PL was perpendicular to the extension direction of the additive marks LT. Note that the additive marks LT are omitted in FIG. 6.

[0096] [4.1.1.1] 3D data 3D shape: Square cylinder D310 (see Figure 7) Length along the X-axis: 95mm Length along the Y axis: 95mm Length along Z axis: 200mm

[0097] [4.1.1.2] Configuration parameters Stacking direction: Z-axis direction (see Figures 5 and 6) Build speed: 660mm / min Nozzle temperature: 200℃ Layer pitch: 3.0mm ·Filling rate: 100% Fill Pattern: Solid

[0098] [4.1.2] Fresh concrete Fresh concrete was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0099] [4.2] Concrete formation process Fresh concrete was poured into the formwork 300. After the pouring of the fresh concrete was completed, it was left to stand for one day to cure. In this way, the concrete was formed.

[0100] [4.3] Demolding process The wooden bottom plate 320 and the supports (not shown) were removed from the formwork 300. Next, the divided body 311 of the dam-like object was pulled in the positive direction of the Y axis (see FIGS. 5 and 6) (the demolding direction), and the divided body 311 of the dam-like object was easily removed from the concrete (see FIG. 1). Next, the divided body 312 of the dam-like object was pulled in the negative direction of the Y axis (see FIGS. 5 and 6) (the demolding direction), and the divided body 312 of the dam-like object was easily removed from the concrete (see FIG. 1). The demolding direction (positive direction of the Y axis) (see FIGS. 5 and 6) of the plate-like object divided body 311 was perpendicular to the extension direction of the layer traces LT (the inner circumferential direction of the molding surface S310 of the rectangular cylindrical object 310) and the stacking direction of the modeling layers (the Z-axis direction). The demolding direction (negative Y-axis direction) (see Figures 5 and 6) of the plate-shaped object divided body 312 was perpendicular to the extension direction of the layer traces LT (the inner circumferential direction of the molding surface S310 of the rectangular cylindrical object 310) and the stacking direction of the molding layers (Z-axis direction).

[0101] From the above, it was found that the mold 300 of Example 2 was "a mold that can be removed without being destroyed even if it has lamination marks". [Explanation of symbols]

[0102] 10 dam-shaped object, 11 modeling layer, 20 concrete, 100 formwork, 110 bottom plate, 120 wooden cylinder frame, S110 molding surface, 200 formwork, 210 bottom, 220 overhang, S200 molding surface, S210 inner surface, S220 inner surface, 300 formwork, 310 rectangular cylindrical object, 311 dam-shaped object divided body, 312 dam-shaped object divided body, 320 wooden bottom plate, S310 molding surface, LT lamination mark, PL parting line, 910 formwork, 911 modeling layer, 920 concrete

Claims

1. A formwork into which fresh concrete is poured, Equipped with multiple decking, The plurality of sheathing boards each have at least one sheathing-like structure having a lamination mark formed by additive manufacturing on a surface in contact with the fresh concrete, The sheathing-like structure is arranged so that the sheathing-like structure can be removed in a specific direction from the concrete formed by hardening the fresh concrete during demolding; A formwork in which the specific direction indicates a direction perpendicular to the extension direction in which the lamination marks extend and to the stacking direction in which the modeling layers that constitute the sheathing-like object are stacked.

2. The dam-shaped object has at least one dam-shaped object split mold, The split mold for the dam-shaped object has a plurality of split bodies for the dam-shaped object which are divided by at least one parting line, The mold according to claim 1 , wherein the parting line extends in a direction parallel to the stacking direction.

3. The formwork according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of dams comprises a plurality of dam-like structures.

4. The formwork of claim 1 , further comprising shoring to secure the plurality of deckings.

5. The sheathing-like object contains a thermoplastic resin, The formwork according to claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic resin has a tensile modulus of elasticity of 400 MPa or more.

6. 2. The formwork of claim 1, wherein the dam-like shape is a shape produced by material extrusion or powder bed fusion.

7. The sheathing-like object contains a resin, The form of claim 1 , wherein the resin comprises post-consumer resin.

8. The sheathing-like object contains a resin, The form of claim 1 , wherein the resin comprises a biomass-derived resin.

9. Preparing the formwork and the fresh concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 8; Pouring the fresh concrete into the formwork and curing it to form the concrete; and removing the sheathing-like structure from the concrete in the specific direction.

10. The method further includes applying a release agent to the surface of the sheathing-like structure that contacts the fresh concrete two or more times; 10. The method of claim 9, wherein applying the release agent is performed after preparing the form and before forming the concrete.

11. Concrete produced by the method for producing concrete according to claim 9.

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