Fire grate bar and use of fire grate bar
The grate rod design, featuring a reinforcement material positioned below the centerline of the base body, addresses the challenge of minimizing damage and wear in incineration plants, ensuring the grate rod's integrity and operational longevity.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- JP2024165821
- Authority / Receiving Office
- JP · JP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-10-04
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-25
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-16
AI Technical Summary
Existing grate rods in incineration plants, particularly in waste incineration plants, face challenges in minimizing damage and wear, leading to potential breakdowns during operation.
The grate rod features a base body made of a first material with a reinforcement material of a different material, positioned below the centerline and joined to the base body. This design allows the reinforcement to absorb stress and deform, maintaining the integrity of the sliding surface and preventing material from falling.
This configuration effectively reduces the severity of damage to the grate rod, allowing the reinforcement to hold fragments together and maintain functionality even when the base body is damaged, thus extending the lifespan of the grate rod.
Smart Images
Figure 2025063840000001_ABST
Abstract
Description
[Technical field]
[0001] The present invention relates to a grate bar having a base body made of a first material and a grate bar reinforcement having a material different from the first material. The base body has a sliding surface with a longitudinal extension, an upper side and a lower side and a centerline in the longitudinal extension between the upper and lower sides, passing through the center of gravity of the sliding surface. [Background technology]
[0002] This type of grate bar is used in incineration plants, especially in waste incineration plants. They generally have a sliding surface on which the material to be incinerated rests and on which other grate bars can also slide. This sliding surface has an upper side and a lower side, with enough material between them to prevent the sliding surface from wearing away too quickly.
[0003] It is known to incorporate plates, particularly made from wear-resistant materials, into the sliding surfaces in order to reduce wear.
[0004] Additionally, to prevent failure of the slideway, it is known to incorporate a different material into the slideway. This material is placed in the center of the slideway so that it is completely surrounded by the casting. The center of the slideway forms a centerline extending between the upper and lower sides of the slideway and passing through the center of gravity of the slideway. In order to minimize the effects of stresses resulting from the expansion of the different materials of the casting and the reinforcement, it is ensured that the reinforcement is precisely located in the exact center layer between the upper and lower sides of the slideway.
[0005] Moreover, most parts of the grate bars have lateral flanks, which run along the grate bar perpendicular to the sliding surface. These flanks can also be realized in a reinforced manner to avoid breakage of the grate bar.
[0006] Finally, still not all of these methods are able to provide the possibility of avoiding breakage of the grate bars during the service life of the grate. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]
[0007] The present invention is therefore based on the objective of minimizing the effects of grate damage. [Means for solving the problem]
[0008] This goal is achieved using a grate bar having the features of patent claim 1.
[0009] According to the invention, the grate bars are not produced as permanent pieces, and instead of castings being conveniently positioned and distributed, a grate bar reinforcement is used. However, according to the invention, it is accepted that the grate bars may break at some points. To avoid complete failure of the sliding surface and to prevent material from falling into the space below, the grate bar reinforcement is placed below the centerline and bonded to the base body.
[0010] This has the consequence that the grid bars may be damaged in that the base body made from the fire-cast material is damaged. However, this is generally the case as the reinforcement only expands due to its location and does not necessarily damage at the same time as the cast material. Thus, the cast material may be damaged and the reinforcement continues to hold together their pieces, which are at least two pieces. Furthermore, the deformation of the slide surface that occurs during processing means that the material continues to be held on the slide surface and does not fall below the slide surface.
[0011] It is therefore further proposed that the reinforcement of the grate bar is joined to the base body in such a way that when the base body is damaged as a result of pressure on the upper side of the sliding surface, the base body is damaged before the reinforcement.
[0012] Additionally, it may be desirable for the stiffener to form an interlocking joint between the fragments of the base body after the fragment is damaged, so that after damage the stiffener can further deform to continue to hold the broken halves together.
[0013] The grate bar reinforcement can be connected to the base body in a different way. It is advantageous if the grate bar reinforcement is connected by a connection to the base body, i.e. it can be cast into the base body or on the edge of the base body. The reinforcement can also be firmly fixed to cast-in brackets or flanges. It can also be arranged in a displaceable manner with respect to the base body in order to reduce the effects of stresses due to different thermal expansions.
[0014] The contact area between the grate rod reinforcement and the base body may be reduced such that less than 50% of the surface area of the grate rod reinforcement forms a bearing surface on the base body.
[0015] In order to reduce the severity of damage on the long sides of the sliding surface, it is proposed that the reinforcement of the grate bars extend longer than 35% of its longitudinal extension, preferably longer than 50%.
[0016] A simple embodiment provides that the reinforcement of the grate bar has one brace, preferably several braces, extending along the longitudinal extension of the sliding surface.
[0017] The reinforcement can also act as a heat sink or cooling fin. In a further improved method it is therefore proposed that the reinforcement of the grate bar comprises a sheet metal material.
[0018] Additionally or cumulatively, the grate bar reinforcement may be helical and / or may have multiple rings joined together.
[0019] If the grate bar is made from a cast material, the grate bar reinforcement can be cast into it.
[0020] It is desirable for the grate bar reinforcement to be light, to span a distance and to withstand forces. It is therefore proposed to have through holes or holes. The stamped material can in this case be formed into only one plate of the reinforcement.
[0021] Additionally, the reinforcement of the grate bar may have braces between the rows of holes and may be designed as expanded metal.
[0022] Depending on the application, the grate bar reinforcement can be three-dimensional and can even be designed as a hollow body, which can be bonded to the underside of the sliding surface only on one side.
[0023] Another option for the design of the grate bar reinforcement develops if the base body has flanks extending on the lower side of the sliding surface and perpendicular to the upper side of the sliding surface, and if the grate bar reinforcement is installed between these flanks.
[0024] A particularly advantageous use is formed by the use in waste incineration plants.
[0025] Advantageous exemplary embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and are explained in detail below. [Brief description of the drawings]
[0026] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a grate bar. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the grate bar shown in FIG. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the grate bar shown in FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a side view of the grate bar shown in FIG. [Diagram 5] FIG. 2 is a plan view of the grate bar shown in FIG. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the underside of the grate bar shown in FIG. [Figure 7]FIG. 1 is an enlarged view of the grate bar reinforcement. [Figure 8] FIG. 13 is a perspective view of another grate bar having threaded reinforcing struts. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a bottom view of the grate bar shown in FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0027] The grate bar 1 shown in Figures 1 to 7 is substantially composed of a base body 2 and a grate bar reinforcement 3. The base body 2 is composed of a casting and the grate bar reinforcement 3 is composed of a bent metal sheet. The base body has a sliding surface 4 with an upper side 6 and a lower side 7 on the side located opposite the upper side 6. A centerline 9 runs in the longitudinal extension 5 of the sliding surface 4 between the upper side 6 and the lower side 7 through the center of gravity 8 of the sliding surface 4.
[0028] The grate bar reinforcement is then not exactly located on the center line 9 between the upper side 6 and the lower side 7 of the sliding surface 4, but rather below this center line and is joined to the base body 2. In the embodiment shown in Figs. 1 to 7, the grate bar reinforcement 3 has a number of struts 10, which are located along the longitudinal extension of the grate bar reinforcement. In the embodiment shown in Figs. 8 and 9, only one strut 13 extends of the grate bar reinforcement 3 between the two flanges 11 and 12. This strut 13 can rest against the underside of the sliding surface or be located away from it.
[0029] In the example embodiment shown in Figures 1-7, the grate bar reinforcement is constructed from sheet metal material having through openings 14 between the struts 10 and the webs 15. As a result, rows of holes 20 are created in the grate bar reinforcement 3.
[0030] To form a hollow body 16, the grate bar reinforcement thus three-dimensionally shaped is cast into the grate bar in the embodiment example shown in Figures 1 to 7, so that the hollow body 16 is joined only on one side 17 to the underside 7 of the sliding surface 4.
[0031] In the embodiment example shown in figures 8 and 9, the grate bar reinforcement 3 is likewise located between the flanks 18 and 19 extending perpendicularly to the upper side 6. Here the grate bar reinforcement is designed as a bar or threaded rod between the two flanges 11 and 12. The use of a threaded rod as a strut 13 makes it possible to maintain the grate bar reinforcement at the flanges 11 and 12 by means of the screws 21-24.
Claims
1. 1. A grate bar (1) comprising a base body (2) made of a first material and a grate bar reinforcement (3) having a material different from the first material, the base body (2) having a sliding surface (4) with a longitudinal extension (5), an upper side (6) and a lower side (7) and a centerline (9) between the upper side (6) and the lower side (7) in the longitudinal extension (5), the centerline running through the center of gravity (8) of the sliding surface (4), the grate bar reinforcement (3) being located below the centerline (9) and connected to the base body (2), wherein the grate bar (1) is produced from a casting material and the grate bar reinforcement (3) is cast therein, or the grate bar has a strut (13) separated from the lower side (7) and held between two flanges (11, 12).
2. 2. A grate bar according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcement (3) of the grate bar is joined to the base body (2) in such a way that if the base body (2) breaks as a result of pressure on the upper side (6) of the sliding surface (4), the base body (2) breaks before the reinforcement (3) of the grate bar breaks.
3. 3. A grate bar according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that after the base body (2) breaks, the reinforcements (3) of the grate bar form a connecting joint of the fragments.
4. 4. Grate bar according to claim 1, characterized in that less than 50% of the outer surface area of the reinforcement (3) of the grate bar forms a bearing surface on the base body (2).
5. A grate bar according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the reinforcement (3) of the grate bar extends over more than 35% of the longitudinal extension (5), preferably over more than 50%.
6. Grate bar according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the reinforcement (3) of the grate bar has one, preferably several struts (10) extending along the longitudinal extension (5).
7. 7. Grate bar according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the reinforcement (3) of the grate bar comprises a sheet metal material.
8. 8. A grate bar according to claim 7, characterized in that the sheet metal material has through openings (14) between the struts (10) and the webs (15).
9. A grate bar according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcement (3) of the grate bar is helical.
10. A grate bar according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcement (3) of the grate bar comprises a number of rings joined together.
11. Grate bar according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcement (3) of the grate bar has through holes (14) or holes.
12. Grate bar according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcement (3) of the grate bar has webs (15) between the rows of holes (20).
13. A grate bar according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grate bar reinforcement (3) is three-dimensional in shape.
14. Grate bar according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcement (3) of the grate bar is designed as a hollow body (16).
15. 15. Grate bar according to claim 14, characterized in that the hollow body (16) is joined on only one side (17) to the underside (7) of the sliding surface (4).
16. 16. A grate bar according to claim 1, characterized in that the base body (2) has flanks (18, 19) on the sides of the lower side (7) of the sliding surface (4) which run perpendicular to the upper side (6), and the reinforcements (3) of the grate bar are arranged between the flanks (18, 19).
17. Use of a grate bar according to any one of claims 1 to 16 in a waste incineration plant.