Displacement tester

Abstract

To provide a displacement tester that can be easily handled even when its size is increased.SOLUTION: A displacement tester includes a fastening mechanism 50 which is located at an edge of a base frame 2 in a direction in which a compressive load is applied, and which fastens the base frame 2 to a base 11. The fastening mechanism 50 includes a bolt 51 which is inserted through a flange 2a of the base frame 2 and the base 11, a nut 52 which is screwed to the bolt 51 from the side heading toward the base 11 from the base frame 2, and a spherical washer 53 which is located between the flange 2a and the nut 52. The spherical washer 53 includes a first spherical plate 53a having a convex spherical surface on the base 11 side and a second spherical plate 53b having a concave spherical surface on the base 11 side. The first spherical plate 53a and the second spherical plate 53b are capable of sliding against each other.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 9

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a displacement testing machine for testing the displacement and strength of a test specimen. [Background technology]

[0002] Patent Document 1 discloses a biaxial testing machine that applies vertical and horizontal loads to a test specimen to test the displacement and strength of the specimen. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] JP 2020-76627 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] Meanwhile, large pipelines and piping with diameters exceeding 2600 mm are used in lifelines. Therefore, in order to inspect the earthquake resistance of such large pipelines and piping, it is desirable to be able to test the displacement and strength of the test specimens using them as test specimens. To achieve this, it is necessary to make the displacement testing machine for testing the displacement of the test specimens larger than before. Even if the displacement testing machine is made larger, it is desirable that it can be easily handled.

[0005] An object of the present invention is to provide a displacement testing machine which is easy to handle even when it is large in size. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The present invention comprises a frame, two supports supported by the frame, sandwiching a test body from both sides and applying a compressive load to the test body, and a fastening mechanism arranged at an end of the frame in the direction in which the compressive load is applied and fastening the frame to a foundation, wherein the fastening mechanism comprises a bolt inserted into the frame and the foundation, a nut screwed onto the bolt from the side facing the foundation from the frame, and a spherical washer arranged between the frame and the nut, wherein the spherical washer comprises a first spherical plate having a convex spherical surface facing the foundation side and a second spherical plate having a concave spherical surface facing the foundation side, and the first spherical plate and the second spherical plate are freely slidable against each other.

[0007] The present invention also provides a frame member, a slide member supported by the frame member and slidable in a predetermined direction, a guide mechanism provided between the frame member and the slide member and guiding the slide member in the predetermined direction along the frame member, and an intermediate member attached to a first surface of the frame member that faces the slide member or a second surface of the slide member that faces the frame member, wherein the frame member has a first frame member to which the guide mechanism is attached and that supports the slide member, and a second frame member to which the guide mechanism is attached, that supports the slide member, and that extends in a direction intersecting a direction in which the first frame member extends, the guide mechanism having a rail extending in the predetermined direction and a block that can engage with the rail and move in the predetermined direction, wherein when the intermediate member is attached to the first surface, one of the rail and the block is attached to the intermediate member and the other is attached to the slide member, and when the intermediate member is attached to the second surface, one of the rail and the block is attached to the intermediate member and the other is attached to the frame member.

[0008] The present invention also provides a method for manufacturing a movable frame having a fixed frame, a movable frame movable in a predetermined direction on the fixed frame, a jack that can be arranged on the fixed frame and that can move the movable frame in the predetermined direction when arranged on the fixed frame, and a temporary fixing mechanism that can temporarily fix the jack arranged on the fixed frame to the fixed frame, the temporary fixing mechanism comprising: a fixed frame hole formed in the fixed frame; a jack hole formed in the jack; a bolt that is inserted into the jack hole and the fixed frame hole when the jack hole and the fixed frame hole communicate with each other; and a bolt having a horizontally elongated shape in a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the bolt, the bolt being fixed to the bolt and being movable in a longitudinal direction between a first orientation and a second orientation as the bolt rotates. The bolt has a horizontal nut whose orientation can be changed, a spacer which is freely rotatably inserted onto the bolt and is positioned on the side of the horizontal nut facing away from the fixed frame toward the jack, and has a shape equivalent to the horizontal nut, and a nut which screws onto the bolt and limits movement of the bolt in the direction of being inserted into the jack hole and the fixed frame hole, wherein the fixed frame hole and the jack hole have a shape which allows the horizontal nut and the spacer to pass through when the horizontal nut and the spacer are in the first orientation, but a shape which prevents the nut from passing through, and the fixed frame hole and the jack hole have a shape which prevents the horizontal nut from passing through when the horizontal nut that has passed through the jack hole and the fixed frame hole is in the second orientation.

[0009] The present invention also provides a method for fastening a movable frame to a fixed frame, the method comprising: providing a movable frame that is movable in a predetermined direction on the fixed frame; and a frame fastening mechanism that is capable of fastening the movable frame to the fixed frame, the frame fastening mechanism including: a fixed frame hole formed in the fixed frame; a movable frame hole formed in the movable frame; a bolt that is inserted into the movable frame hole and the fixed frame hole when the movable frame hole and the fixed frame hole communicate with each other; a horizontally elongated nut that is elongated in a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the bolt and is fixed to the bolt and whose longitudinal orientation can be changed between a first orientation and a second orientation as the bolt rotates; and a bolt that is rotatably inserted into the bolt and is located on the side of the horizontally elongated nut that faces the movable frame from the fixed frame, and has a shape equivalent to that of the horizontally elongated nut. the spacer includes a spacer, a nut that screws onto the bolt and limits movement of the bolt in the direction of insertion into the movable frame hole and the fixed frame hole, and a pulling means capable of pulling the bolt in a direction of pulling the bolt out of the fixed frame hole and the movable frame hole, wherein the fixed frame hole and the movable frame hole have a shape that allows the horizontal nut and the spacer to pass through when the horizontal nut and the spacer are in the first orientation, but a shape that prevents the nut from passing through, and the fixed frame hole and the movable frame hole have a shape that prevents the horizontal nut from passing through when the horizontal nut that has passed through the movable frame hole and the fixed frame hole is in the second orientation, and the nut is tightened toward the movable frame while the pulling means is pulling the bolt. Effect of the Invention

[0010] According to the present invention, even if the displacement tester is enlarged, the displacement tester can be easily handled. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0011] [Figure 1] FIG. [Diagram 2] FIG. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a main part A in FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a main part B in FIG. [Diagram 5] This is a view of FIG. 4 as seen from direction C. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a main part D in FIG. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a main part E in FIG. [Figure 8] FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a main part F in FIG. [Figure 9] 2 is an enlarged view of a main part D in FIG. 1, showing a state in which the base frame is deformed. FIG. [Figure 10] FIG. 4 is a top view of the second slide member. [Figure 11] FIG. 4 is a side view of the second slide member. [Figure 12] 12 is an enlarged view of a main part G in FIG. 11. [Figure 13] 11A and 11B are diagrams showing the shapes of a horizontally elongated nut and a spacer. [Figure 14] 11A and 11B are diagrams showing the shapes of fixed frame holes and jack holes. [Figure 15] 12 is an enlarged view of a main part G in FIG. 11. [Figure 16] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an end of the movable frame. [Figure 17] FIG. 4 is a side view of the frame fastening mechanism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0012] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0013] (Configuration of Displacement Tester) A displacement testing machine according to an embodiment of the present invention tests the displacement and strength of a test specimen. The displacement testing machine applies a compressive load to the test specimen by sandwiching the test specimen between two supports supported by a frame. The displacement testing machine can also apply a tensile load to the test specimen by separating the two supports. The displacement testing machine can also apply at least one of a horizontal force in the x-axis direction, a horizontal force in the y-axis direction, and a vertical force in the z-axis direction to the test specimen. The displacement testing machine can also apply a rotational force to the test specimen together with the horizontal force or vertical force, or alone.

[0014] As shown in FIG. 1 which is a side view of the displacement testing machine 1 and FIG. 2 which is a top view of the displacement testing machine 1, the displacement testing machine 1 has a base frame 2, a first slide member 3, a second slide member 4, a third slide member 5, and a rotating member 6.

[0015] Here, the test specimen W is, for example, a pipe. The test specimen W may be a circular pipe or a pipe other than a circular pipe. Specifically, the test specimen W is a large pipeline or piping having a diameter of more than 2600 mm. The test specimen W is, for example, a flexible joint. Note that the test specimen W does not have to be a pipe. When the test specimen W is a circular pipe, the diameter of the test specimen W may be 2600 mm or less. The test specimen W is sandwiched between the first slide member 3 and the second slide member 4. The test specimen W may be sandwiched between the first slide member 3 and the second slide member 4 via the third slide member 5. The test specimen W may be sandwiched between the first slide member 3 and the second slide member 4 via the rotating member 6.

[0016] The base frame (frame) 2 is a frame that supports the slide members (3, 4, 5) and the guide frames (21, 22, 23), etc. The base frame 2 is placed on a concrete foundation 11. The base frame 2 has, for example, an H-shaped steel. The ends (four corners) of the base frame 2 are fastened to the foundation 11 by fastening mechanisms. The fastening mechanisms will be described later.

[0017] As shown in FIG. 1, a first slide member (support, slide member) 3 is supported by a base frame (first frame member) 2. The first slide member 3 supports a test specimen W. The first slide member 3 is slidable in the x-axis direction (left and right direction in FIG. 1) along the base frame 2. The first slide member 3 is slid in the x-axis direction by a cylinder (not shown). The cylinder may be a hydraulic cylinder, an electric cylinder, an air cylinder, or the like. As shown in FIG. 1, a rod of the cylinder is attached to a cylinder mounting portion 3a of the first slide member 3. The cylinder mounting portion 3a is provided, for example, at an end of the first slide member 3 in the x-axis direction.

[0018] As shown in FIG. 2, a first rail 31a extending in the x-axis direction is provided on the surface (upper surface) of the base frame 2 facing the first slide member 3. In this embodiment, a plurality of first rails 31a (for example, two) are provided at intervals in the y-axis direction. A first block 41a is fixed to the surface (lower surface) of the first slide member 3 facing the base frame 2 (see FIG. 5). A plurality of first blocks 41a are provided for one first rail 31a. The first block 41a may be fixed to the base frame 2, and the first rail 31a may be fixed to the first slide member 3. The first block 41a is engaged with the first rail 31a and is movable in the x-axis direction (direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 5). The first rail 31a and the first block 41a constitute a guide mechanism 9 (see FIG. 5). The first block 41a moves along the first rail 31a, causing the first slide member 3 to slide in the x-axis direction along the base frame 2.

[0019] As shown in Fig. 2, the displacement tester 1 has a first guide frame (second frame member) 21. The first guide frame 21 supports the first slide member 3. The first guide frame 21 is attached on the base frame 2 and disposed parallel to the x-axis direction (predetermined direction). The surface of the first guide frame 21 facing the first slide member 3 is disposed so as to extend in the x-axis direction. The first guide frame 21 is disposed to the side of the first slide member 3 in the y-axis direction (the up-down direction in Fig. 2).

[0020] A first rail 31b extending in the x-axis direction is provided on a surface 21b of the first guide frame 21 facing the first slide member 3 (see FIG. 5). In this embodiment, a plurality of first rails 31b (for example, two) are provided at intervals in the z-axis direction (see FIG. 5). A first block 41b is fixed to a surface 21c of the first slide member 3 facing the first guide frame 21 (see FIG. 5). The first rail 31b may be fixed to the surface 21c of the first slide member 3, and the first block 41b may be fixed to the surface 21b of the first guide frame 21. The first block 41b is engaged with the first rail 31b and is movable in the x-axis direction (direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 5). The first rail 31b and the first block 41b constitute a guide mechanism 9 (see FIG. 5). The first block 41b moves along the first rail 31b, so that the first slide member 3 slides in the x-axis direction along the first guide frame 21.

[0021] A plurality of bolt holes are formed in the surface of the first slide member 3 facing the test specimen W. For example, a plurality of bolt holes are provided at equal intervals on the same circumference. These plurality of bolt holes are called a hole ring. A plurality of hole rings are provided with different radii from the same center point. A plurality of bolt holes are formed in the flange portion of the test specimen W on the first slide member 3 side. One end of the test specimen W is fastened to the first slide member 3 by inserting a bolt through the bolt hole in the flange portion and the bolt hole in the first slide member 3.

[0022] By moving the first slide member 3 in the x-axis direction, a horizontal force in the x-axis direction can be applied to the test specimen W. The horizontal force is, for example, 400 tons.

[0023] As shown in FIG. 2, the second slide member (support, slide member) 4 is supported by the base frame 2. The second slide member 4 supports the test specimen W. The second slide member 4 is slidable in the y-axis direction along the base frame 2. The second slide member 4 is slid in the y-axis direction by a cylinder (not shown). The cylinder may be a hydraulic cylinder, an electric cylinder, an air cylinder, or the like. As shown in FIG. 1, the rod of the cylinder is attached to a cylinder mounting portion 4a of the second slide member 4. The cylinder mounting portion 4a is provided, for example, at the end of the second slide member 4 in the x-axis direction.

[0024] As shown in FIG. 2, a second rail 32a extending in the y-axis direction is provided on the surface (upper surface) of the base frame 2 facing the second slide member 4. In this embodiment, a plurality of second rails 32a (for example, two) are provided at intervals in the x-axis direction. As shown in FIG. 1, a second block 42a is fixed to the surface (lower surface) of the second slide member 4 facing the base frame 2. A plurality of second blocks 42a are provided for one second rail 32a. The second block 42a may be fixed to the base frame 2, and the second rail 32a may be fixed to the first slide member 4. The second block 42a is engaged with the second rail 32a and is movable in the y-axis direction. The second rail 32a and the second block 42a constitute a guide mechanism. The second block 42a moves along the second rail 32a, causing the second slide member 4 to slide in the y-axis direction along the base frame 2.

[0025] As shown in FIG. 2, the displacement tester 1 has a second guide frame (second frame member) 22. The second guide frame 22 supports the second slide member 4. The second guide frame 22 is attached on the base frame 2 and arranged parallel to the y-axis direction (predetermined direction). The surface of the second guide frame 22 facing the second slide member 4 is arranged to extend in the y-axis direction. The second guide frame 22 is arranged on the side of the second slide member 4 in the x-axis direction (the side opposite to the first slide member 3 side).

[0026] A second rail 32b extending in the y-axis direction is provided on the surface of the second guide frame 22 facing the second slide member 4. In this embodiment, a plurality of second rails 32b (for example, two) are provided at intervals in the z-axis direction. A second block 42b is fixed to the surface of the second slide member 4 facing the second guide frame 22. The second rail 32b may be fixed to the surface of the second slide member 4 facing the second guide frame 22, and the second block 42b may be fixed to the surface of the second guide frame 22 facing the second slide member 4. The second block 42b is engaged with the second rail 32b and is movable in the y-axis direction. The second rail 32b and the second block 42b constitute a guide mechanism. The second block 42b moves along the second rail 32b, causing the second slide member 4 to slide in the y-axis direction along the second guide frame 22.

[0027] By moving the second slide member 4 in the y-axis direction, it is possible to apply a displacement in the y-axis direction and a horizontal force to the test specimen W. The horizontal force is, for example, 200 tons.

[0028] As shown in FIG. 1, the third slide member (support, slide member) 5 is supported by the second slide member (first frame member) 4. The third slide member 5 supports a test specimen W. The third slide member 5 is slidable in the z-axis direction (up and down direction in FIG. 1) along the second slide member 4. The third slide member 5 is slid in the z-axis direction by a cylinder (not shown). The cylinder may be a hydraulic cylinder, an electric cylinder, an air cylinder, or the like. As shown in FIG. 1, the rod of the cylinder is attached to a cylinder mounting portion 5a of the third slide member 5. The cylinder mounting portion 5a is provided, for example, at an end of the third slide member 5 in the z-axis direction.

[0029] As shown in FIG. 3, which is an enlarged view of the main part A in FIG. 1, a third rail 33a extending in the z-axis direction is provided on the surface (right side in the figure) of the second slide member 4 facing the third slide member 5. In this embodiment, a plurality of third rails 33a (for example, two rails) are provided at intervals in the y-axis direction (direction perpendicular to the paper surface). A third block 43a is fixed to the surface (left side in the figure) of the third slide member 5 facing the second slide member 4. A plurality of third blocks 43a are provided for one third rail 33a. The third block 43a may be fixed to the second slide member 4, and the third rail 33a may be fixed to the third slide member 5. The third block 43a is engaged with the third rail 33a and is movable in the z-axis direction. The third rail 33a and the third block 43a constitute a guide mechanism. The third block 43a moves along the third rail 33a, so that the third slide member 5 slides in the z-axis direction along the second slide member 4.

[0030] As shown in Fig. 2, the displacement tester 1 has a third guide frame (second frame member) 23. The third guide frame 23 supports the third slide member 5. The third guide frame 23 is attached to the second slide member 4 and disposed parallel to the z-axis direction (predetermined direction). The surface of the third guide frame 23 facing the third slide member 5 is disposed so as to extend in the z-axis direction. The third guide frame 23 is disposed to the side of the third slide member 5 in the y-axis direction.

[0031] A third rail 33b extending in the z-axis direction is provided on the surface of the third guide frame 23 facing the third slide member 5. In this embodiment, a plurality of third rails 33b (for example, two rails) are provided at intervals in the x-axis direction. A third block 43b is fixed to the surface of the third slide member 5 facing the third guide frame 23. The third rail 33b may be fixed to the surface of the third slide member 5 facing the third guide frame 23, and the third block 43b may be fixed to the surface of the third guide frame 23 facing the third slide member 5. The third block 43b is engaged with the third rail 33b and is movable in the z-axis direction. The third rail 33b and the third block 43b constitute a guide mechanism. The third block 43b moves along the third rail 33b, causing the third slide member 5 to slide in the z-axis direction along the third guide frame 23.

[0032] By moving the third slide member 5 in the z-axis direction, it is possible to apply a displacement in the z-axis direction and a vertical force to the test specimen W.

[0033] The rotating member 6 rotates the test specimen W. As shown in Fig. 3, the rotating member (support) 6 has a bearing portion 25, a motor 26, a small gear 27, a large gear 28, and a mounting seat 29. The motor 26 is a hydraulic motor, an electric motor, an air motor, or the like.

[0034] The bearing portion 25 is attached to the side of the third slide member 5. The bearing portion 25 has a built-in bearing. The bearing rotatably supports a shaft 29a of the mounting seat 29. The motor 26 is provided on the upper part of the bearing portion 25, and rotates the small gear 27. The small gear 27 meshes with the large gear 28. The large gear 28 is provided around the shaft 29a of the mounting seat 29. The large gear 28 is rotated by the rotation of the small gear 27. The mounting seat 29 is rotated by the rotation of the large gear 28.

[0035] A plurality of bolt holes are formed in the surface of mounting seat 29 facing test piece W. For example, a plurality of bolt holes are provided at equal intervals on the same circumference. These plurality of bolt holes are referred to as a hole ring. A plurality of hole rings are provided with different radii from the same center point. A plurality of bolt holes are formed in the flange portion of test piece W on the mounting seat 29 side. The other end of test piece W is fastened to rotating member 6 by inserting bolts through the bolt holes in the flange portion and the bolt holes in mounting seat 29.

[0036] By rotating the mounting seat 29 of the rotating member 6, a rotational force and a torsional deformation can be applied to the test piece W.

[0037] (Intermediate parts) FIG. 4 shows an enlarged view of the main part B in FIG. 1. FIG. 5 shows a view of FIG. 4 from the direction C. As shown in FIG. 5, the guide mechanism 9 is provided between the frame members (base frame 2, first guide frame 21) and the first slide member 3. The guide mechanism 9 guides the first slide member 3 in the x-axis direction (direction perpendicular to the paper surface) along the frame members. The guide mechanism 9 has first rails 31a, 31b and first blocks 41a, 41b. The base frame 2 is a first frame member to which the guide mechanism 9 is attached and which supports the first slide member 3. The first guide frame 21 is a second frame member to which the guide mechanism 9 is attached and which supports the first slide member 3.

[0038] Here, two first rails 31a, 31b for sliding the first slide member 3 are provided on each of the base frame 2 and the first guide frame 21. If four first rails 31a, 31b were arranged on the base frame 2, the base frame 2 and the first slide member 3 would need to be lengthened in the y-axis direction, and the entire displacement tester 1 would become larger in the y-axis direction. Therefore, the first guide frame 21 is provided, and two first rails 31a, 31b are provided on each of the base frame 2 and the first guide frame 21. This allows the first slide member 3 to be shortened in the y-axis direction, and the entire displacement tester 1 can be made compact.

[0039] The same applies to second rails 32a, 32b for sliding second slide member 4 and third rails 33a, 33b for sliding third slide member 5.

[0040] However, as shown in FIG. 5, the direction in which the base frame 2 extends and the direction in which the first guide frame 21 extends are orthogonal (intersect). Specifically, the surface 2b of the base frame 2 facing the first slide member 3 and the surface 21b of the first guide frame 21 facing the first slide member 3 are orthogonal (intersect). Therefore, it is extremely difficult to engage the first block 41a on the base frame 2 side with the first rail 31b attached to the first guide frame 21 while engaging the first block 41b on the first guide frame 21 side with the first rail 31b attached to the first guide frame 21. The angle between the direction in which the base frame 2 extends and the direction in which the first guide frame 21 extends is not limited to 90 degrees and may be, for example, an obtuse angle.

[0041] Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, the displacement tester 1 has an intermediate member 8. The intermediate member 8 is a member for easily attaching the guide mechanism 9 to the frame members (base frame 2, first guide frame 21) and the first slide member 3. In this embodiment, the intermediate member 8 is plate-shaped, but is not limited to this. In this embodiment, the intermediate member 8 is attached to the first surfaces 2b, 21b, which are the surfaces of the frame members (base frame 2, first guide frame 21) facing the first slide member 3. Note that the intermediate member 8 may be configured to be attached to the second surfaces 2c, 21c, which are the surfaces of the first slide member 3 facing the frame members (base frame 2, first guide frame 21).

[0042] The intermediate member 8 has a first intermediate member 8a and a second intermediate member 8b. The first intermediate member 8a is attached to a first surface 2b of the base frame 2 that faces the first slide member 3. The second intermediate member 8b is attached to a first surface 21b of the first guide frame 21 that faces the first slide member 3.

[0043] Of the first rail 31a and the first rail 31b, the first rail 31a on the base frame 2 side is attached to the first intermediate member 8a. That is, the first rail 31a on the base frame 2 side is attached to the base frame 2 via the first intermediate member 8a. Of the first block 41a and the first block 41b, the first block 41a on the base frame 2 side is attached to the second surface 2c of the first slide member 3. Note that the first rail 31a may be attached to the second surface 2c of the first slide member 3, and the first block 41a may be attached to the first intermediate member 8a.

[0044] Of the first rail 31a and the first rail 31b, the first rail 31b on the first guide frame 21 side is attached to the second intermediate member 8b. That is, the first rail 31b on the first guide frame 21 side is attached to the first guide frame 21 via the second intermediate member 8b. Of the first block 41a and the first block 41b, the first block 41b on the first guide frame 21 side is attached to the second surface 21c of the first slide member 3. Note that the first rail 31b may be attached to the second surface 21c of the first slide member 3, and the first block 41b may be attached to the second intermediate member 8b.

[0045] When the intermediate member 8 is attached to the second surfaces 2c, 21c, one of the first rails 31a, 31b and the first blocks 41a, 41b is attached to the intermediate member 8, and the other is attached to the frame member.

[0046] Before attaching the first intermediate member 8a to the first surface 2b of the base frame 2, the first rail 31a is attached to the first intermediate member 8a. Moreover, before attaching the second intermediate member 8b to the first surface 21b of the first guide frame 21, the first rail 31b is attached to the second intermediate member 8b. Then, the first block 41a attached to the side surface of the first slide member 3 facing the base frame 2 is engaged with the first rail 31a of the first intermediate member 8a. Moreover, the first block 41b attached to the side surface of the first slide member 3 facing the first guide frame 21 is engaged with the first rail 31b of the second intermediate member 8b. In this state, the first slide member 3 and the two intermediate members 8a, 8b are handled as a unit, and the first intermediate member 8a is brought into contact with the base frame 2, and the second intermediate member 8b is brought into contact with the first guide frame 21. Then, the first intermediate member 8a is fastened (attached) to the base frame 2, and the second intermediate member 8b is fastened (attached) to the first guide frame .

[0047] By doing this, it is easy to achieve a state in which the first block 41a on the base frame 2 side engages with the first rail 31a attached to the base frame 2, and the first block 41b on the first guide frame 21 side engages with the first rail 31b attached to the first guide frame 21.

[0048] As described above, in order to prevent the first slide member 3 from becoming larger as the displacement testing machine 1 becomes larger, the guide mechanisms 9 are provided on each of the two intersecting surfaces. If the intermediate members 8a and 8b are used, assembly becomes easier as described above, so that the displacement testing machine 1 can be easily handled even if it is enlarged.

[0049] The intermediate member 8 is used for the second slide member 4 and the third slide member 5 in the same manner as it is used for the first slide member 3. Details thereof will be omitted.

[0050] (Configuration of fastening mechanism) As shown in Fig. 6, which is an enlarged view of a main part D in Fig. 1, the displacement testing machine 1 has a fastening mechanism 50. The fastening mechanism 50 is disposed at an end of the base frame 2 in the direction in which a compressive load is applied. The fastening mechanism 50 fastens the base frame 2 to a foundation 11. A base frame seat 12 is welded to the lower surface of the base frame 2. When no load is applied to the test specimen W, the base frame seat 12 abuts against the foundation 11.

[0051] As shown in FIG. 6, the fastening mechanism 50 includes a bolt 51, a nut 52, a spherical washer 53, and a washer .

[0052] The bolt 51 is inserted through the flange 2a of the base frame 2 and the foundation 11. The bolt 51 is a cut bolt. The nut 52 is screwed onto the bolt 51 from the side facing the foundation 11 from the base frame 2. In this embodiment, the number of nuts 52 is two, but is not limited to this, and may be one or three or more. The spherical washer 53 is configured to enable the flange 2a to tilt with respect to the bolt 51 and the nut 52. The spherical washer 53 is disposed between the flange 2a and the nut 52. The spherical washer 53 is passed through the bolt 51. The washer 54 is disposed between the flange 2a and the spherical washer 53. The washer 54 is passed through the bolt 51.

[0053] As shown in FIG. 7, which is an enlarged view of the main part E in FIG. 6, the spherical washer 53 has a first spherical plate 53a and a second spherical plate 53b. The first spherical plate 53a has a spherical surface that is convex toward the base 11. The second spherical plate 53b is disposed closer to the base 11 than the first spherical plate 53a. The second spherical plate 53b has a spherical surface that is concave toward the base 11. The first spherical plate 53a and the second spherical plate 53b can slide freely relative to each other. Note that the first spherical plate 53a may have a concave spherical surface on the side opposite the base 11, and the second spherical plate 53b may have a convex spherical surface on the side opposite the base 11.

[0054] As shown in Fig. 8, which is an enlarged view of the main part F in Fig. 1, a base frame seat 12 is welded to the underside of the center part of the base frame 2. When no load is applied to the test specimen W, the base frame seat 12 abuts against the foundation 11 via a flat liner 13.

[0055] As shown in FIG. 1, a compressive load is applied to the test specimen W by the first slide member 3, which is one of the supports, and the second slide member 4, the third slide member 5, and the rotating member 6, which are the other supports. At this time, a force that pushes the two supports apart acts on the two supports from the test specimen W. As a result, the base frame 2 tries to deform so as to become convex toward the test specimen W side. At this time, as shown in FIG. 8, the center part of the base frame 2 moves away from the foundation 11, so that the base frame 2 deforms appropriately so as to become convex toward the test specimen W side.

[0056] 9, which is an enlarged view of the main part D in FIG. 1, the flange 2a tilts with respect to the foundation 11 as the base frame 2 deforms. Then, the second spherical plate 53b in contact with the flange 2a slides with respect to the first spherical plate 53a. This prevents the nut 52 from tilting with respect to the foundation 11 even if the flange 2a tilts with respect to the foundation 11. This reduces the bending load applied to the bolt 51. As a result, the life of the bolt 51 can be extended.

[0057] When the displacement testing machine 1 is enlarged, the deformation of the base frame 2 also increases, but as described above, the bending load applied to the bolts 51 can be reduced. Also, by increasing the bending rigidity of the base frame 2, the deformation of the base frame 2 can be kept small. Therefore, even if the displacement testing machine 1 is enlarged, it can be easily handled.

[0058] On the one hand, when separating the two supports (applying a tensile load to the test piece W), the base frame 2 tends to deform so as to be concave on the foundation 11 side. At this time, as shown in FIG. 8, the central portion of the base frame 2 abuts on the foundation 11. Therefore, the deformation of the base frame 2 that would cause it to be concave on the foundation 11 side can be suppressed.

[0059] (Temporary fixing mechanism) Returning to FIG. 1, before the test, in order to adjust the interval in the x-axis direction between the first slide member 3 and the rotating member 6 to match the length of the test piece W in the x-axis direction, the second slide member 4 is moved in the x-axis direction. As the second slide member 4 moves, the third slide member 5 and the rotating member 6 also move. A jack 70 (see FIG. 10) is used for the movement of the second slide member 4.

[0060] As shown in FIG. 10, which is a top view of the second slide member 4, and FIG. 11, which is a side view of the second slide member 4, the displacement testing machine 1 has a movable frame 61. The movable frame 61 is arranged on the base frame (fixed frame) 2. On the movable frame 61, the second slide member 4, the second guide frame 22, etc. are arranged. The movable frame 61 is movable in the x-axis direction (predetermined direction) on the base frame 2. In FIG. 10, the third slide member 5 (see FIG. 1) and the rotating member 6 (see FIG. 1) are not shown.

[0061] For fastening the movable frame 61 and the base frame 2, the following method, or a combination of the following methods, may be used. Fastening by inserting a straight pin. Fastening by inserting a cotter pin (wedge pin). Clamping using a toggle mechanism (force multiplying mechanism). Clamping other than a toggle mechanism using forces such as hydraulic pressure, air, bolts and nuts.

[0062] The displacement testing machine 1 has jacks 70. The jacks 70 can be arranged on the base frame 2. When the jacks 70 are arranged on the base frame 2, the jacks 70 can move the movable frame 61 in the x-axis direction. The movable frame 61 is moved in the x-axis direction by a pair of jacks 70 arranged on the base frame 2.

[0063] When moving the movable frame 61 closer to the first slide member 3, the movable frame 61 is moved toward the first slide member 3 by a set of jacks 70 arranged on the first slide member 3 side (right side in the figure) of the movable frame 61. On the other hand, when moving the movable frame 61 away from the first slide member 3, the movable frame 61 is moved toward the opposite side to the first slide member 3 by a set of jacks 70 arranged on the opposite side to the first slide member 3 (left side in the figure) of the movable frame 61.

[0064] The movable frame 61 is provided with an engagement portion 61a. The tip of a rod of a cylinder 71 of a jack 70 is engaged with the engagement portion 61a. One pair of the engagement portions 61a is provided on the first slide member 3 side of the movable frame 61 (the right side in the figure) and the other pair is provided on the opposite side to the first slide member 3 (the left side in the figure).

[0065] When moving the movable frame 61, first, the main body 72 of the jack 70 is temporarily fixed to the base frame 2. Next, the tip of the rod of the cylinder 71 of the jack 70 is engaged with the engagement portion 61a of the movable frame 61. Next, the rod of the cylinder 71 is retracted to pull the movable frame 61 with the jack 70. This causes the movable frame 61 to move. After that, the temporary fixing of the main body 72 to the base frame 2 is released to free the main body 72. Then, while the tip of the rod of the cylinder 71 is still engaged with the engagement portion 61a, the rod of the cylinder 71 is advanced. Then, the movable frame 61 remains stopped, and the jack 70 slides on the base frame 2 in the moving direction of the movable frame 61. After that, the main body 72 is temporarily fixed to the base frame 2. Then, the rod of the cylinder 71 is retracted to pull the movable frame 61 with the jack 70. This is repeated. The same applies when pushing the movable frame 61 with the jack 70. The above process is repeated until the second slide member 4 is positioned at the desired position. For this reason, it is desirable to be able to temporarily fasten the jack 70 to the base frame 2 and to detach the jack 70 from the base frame 2 quickly.

[0066] 12, which is an enlarged view of a main part G in FIG. 11, the displacement testing machine 1 has a temporary fixing mechanism 80. The temporary fixing mechanism 80 is capable of temporarily fixing the jack 70 arranged on the base frame 2 to the base frame 2. The temporary fixing mechanism 80 has a fixed frame hole 81, a jack hole 82, a bolt 83, a horizontally elongated nut 84, a spacer 85, a washer 86, a nut 87, and a head nut 88.

[0067] The fixing frame holes 81 are formed in the flange 2a of the base frame 2. A plurality of the fixing frame holes 81 are provided at predetermined intervals (e.g., 300 mm intervals) in the x-axis direction (see FIG. 2). A plurality of the fixing frame holes 81 are provided at predetermined intervals in the y-axis direction (see FIG. 2).

[0068] The jack holes 82 are formed in the body portion 72 of the jack 70. In this embodiment, two jack holes 82 are formed in the body portion 72.

[0069] The bolt 83 does not have a head and is composed only of a threaded portion. The bolt 83 is a cut bolt, but may have a head. The bolt 83 is inserted through the jack hole 82 and the fixed frame hole 81 when the jack hole 82 and the fixed frame hole 81 communicate with each other.

[0070] The horizontally elongated nut 84 has a shape that is horizontally elongated in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the bolt 83. The horizontally elongated nut 84 is fixed to the bolt 83. The horizontally elongated nut 84 is fixed (fastened) to the bolt 83 by, for example, an adhesive. The horizontally elongated nut 84 is fixed to an end of the bolt 83 in the longitudinal direction of the bolt 83. The longitudinal orientation of the horizontally elongated nut 84 can be changed between a first orientation and a second orientation as the bolt 83 is rotated by a handle 88a described later.

[0071] The spacer 85 is rotatably inserted into the bolt 83, and is disposed on the side of the horizontally elongated nut 84 facing the jack 70 from the base frame 2. The spacer 85 has the same shape as the horizontally elongated nut 84. The length of the spacer 85 in the longitudinal direction of the bolt 83 is approximately equal to the length obtained by adding the thickness of the flange 2a to the thickness of the main body 72 of the jack 70. Therefore, the spacer 85 can be disposed inside the fixed frame hole 81 and the jack hole 82.

[0072] The washer 86 is disposed on the opposite side of the spacer 85 from the oblong nut 84. The washer 86 abuts against the jack hole 82 when the spacer 85 is disposed inside the fixed frame hole 81 and the jack hole 82. The nut 87 is screwed onto the bolt 83. The nut 87 is disposed on the opposite side of the washer 86 from the spacer 85. The nut 87 limits the movement of the bolt 83 in the direction of being inserted through the jack hole 82 and the fixed frame hole 81.

[0073] The head nut (locking nut) 88 is fixed to the bolt 83 at the end of the bolt 83 on the jack 70 side. The head nut 88 has a handle 88a extending in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the bolt 83. By turning this handle 88a, the longitudinal direction of the horizontally elongated nut 84 can be changed.

[0074] The shapes of the horizontally elongated nut 84 and the spacer 85 are shown in FIG. 13. As shown in FIG. 13, the horizontally elongated nut 84 and the spacer 85 have a central portion 84a and side portions 84b. The side portions 84b are provided on both sides of the central portion 84a. The horizontally elongated nut 84 and the spacer 85 have a horizontally elongated shape due to the central portion 84a and the two side portions 84b. The direction in which the side portions 84b protrude from the central portion 84a is defined as the longitudinal direction. The direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is defined as the lateral direction.

[0075] A bolt 83 is located at the center of the central portion 84a. In the oblong nut 84, an end of the bolt 83 is fixed in a central hole 84c of the central portion 84a. In the spacer 85, the bolt 83 is inserted through a central hole 85c of the central portion 84a. The diameter of the central hole 85c of the spacer 85 is larger than the diameter of the bolt 83. Therefore, the central hole 85c of the spacer 85 and the bolt 83 are not screwed together.

[0076] The central portion 84a is generally hexagonal in shape. In the vertical direction of Fig. 13, the upper and lower portions of the central portion 84a protrude outward more than the side portions 84b. The tips of the side portions 84b are tapered as they move away from the central portion 84a.

[0077] The shapes of the fixed frame hole 81 and the jack hole 82 are shown in Fig. 14. As shown in Fig. 14, the fixed frame hole 81 and the jack hole 82 have a central hole 81a and side holes 81b. The side holes 81b are provided on both sides of the central hole 81a. The fixed frame hole 81 and the jack hole 82 have a horizontally elongated shape due to the central hole 81a and the two side holes 81b. The direction in which the side holes 81b protrude from the central hole 81a is defined as the longitudinal direction. The direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is defined as the lateral direction.

[0078] When the longitudinal direction of the horizontal nut 84 and the spacer 85 is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the fixed frame hole 81 and the jack hole 82, the horizontal nut 84 and the spacer 85 can pass through the fixed frame hole 81 and the jack hole 82. The orientation of the horizontal nut 84 at this time is defined as a first orientation. When the longitudinal direction of the horizontal nut 84 and the spacer 85 is not parallel to the longitudinal direction of the fixed frame hole 81 and the jack hole 82, the horizontal nut 84 and the spacer 85 cannot pass through the fixed frame hole 81 and the jack hole 82. The orientation of the horizontal nut 84 at this time is defined as a second orientation. In this way, the fixed frame hole 81 and the jack hole 82 have a shape that allows the horizontal nut 84 and the spacer 85 to pass through when the horizontal nut 84 and the spacer 85 are in the first orientation. Also, the fixed frame hole 81 and the jack hole 82 have a shape that does not allow the washer 86 and the nut 87 to pass through.

[0079] Furthermore, the fixed frame hole 81 and the jack hole 82 are shaped such that the horizontally elongated nut 84 cannot pass through when the horizontally elongated nut 84 that has passed through the jack hole 82 and the fixed frame hole 81 is in the second orientation.

[0080] When the jack 70 is temporarily fixed to the base frame 2, first, as shown in FIG. 12, the horizontal nut 84 and the spacer 85 are placed in a first orientation. Then, the horizontal nut 84 and the spacer 85 are inserted in this order into the jack hole 82 and the fixed frame hole 81. By this insertion, the horizontal nut 84 is placed outside the fixed frame hole 81 and the jack hole 82, and the spacer 85 is placed inside the fixed frame hole 81 and the jack hole 82. Then, as shown in FIG. 15, which is an enlarged view of the main part G in FIG. 11, the handle 88a is turned to rotate the bolt 83, and the horizontal nut 84 is placed in a second orientation. As a result, the horizontal nut 84 cannot be inserted into the fixed frame hole 81 and the jack hole 82, so that the bolt 83 cannot be removed from the fixed frame hole 81 and the jack hole 82. This allows the jack 70 to be temporarily fixed to the base frame 2. Then, the nut 87 is turned to abut against the washer 86. By turning the nut 87, the nut 87 and the oblong nut 84 sandwich the flange 2a and the main body 72 via the washer 86. The frictional force between the oblong nut 84 and the flange 2a prevents the oblong nut 84 from rotating from the second orientation to the first orientation.

[0081] When removing the jack 70 from the base frame 2, the nut 87 is turned to separate the nut 87 from the washer 86. Then, as shown in FIG. 12 , the handle 88a is turned to rotate the bolt 83 and orient the horizontally elongated nut 84 in a first direction. This allows the horizontally elongated nut 84 to pass through the fixed frame hole 81 and the jack hole 82, so that the bolt 83 can be removed from the fixed frame hole 81 and the jack hole 82. This releases the temporary fastening of the jack 70 to the base frame 2, and the jack 70 can be removed from the base frame 2.

[0082] In this manner, the jack 70 can be quickly temporarily fixed to the base frame 2 and removed from the base frame 2. Therefore, the task of moving the movable frame 61 with the jack 70 can be quickly performed.

[0083] When the displacement testing machine 1 is enlarged, the movable frame 61 is also enlarged, making it difficult to move the movable frame 61. However, if the above-mentioned temporary fixing mechanism 80 is used, the operation of moving the movable frame 61 can be performed quickly. Therefore, even if the displacement testing machine 1 is enlarged, the handling of the displacement testing machine 1 can be easily performed.

[0084] Here, in the temporary fixing mechanism 80 having the above configuration, the bolt 83 and the horizontally long nut 84 are separate bodies. Therefore, even if the threaded portion of the bolt 83 is damaged, only the bolt 83 needs to be replaced. Note that the bolt 83 and the horizontally long nut 84 may be integrated.

[0085] (Frame fastening mechanism) As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the movable frame 61 is moved on the base frame 2 by the jack 70. After moving the movable frame 61, it is necessary to firmly fasten the movable frame 61 to the base frame 2.

[0086] Therefore, as shown in FIG. 16 which is a perspective view of the end portion of the movable frame 61, the displacement testing machine 1 has a frame fastening mechanism 90. The frame fastening mechanism 90 can fasten the movable frame 61 to the base frame 2. A plurality of frame fastening mechanisms 90 are provided on the outer edge portion of the movable frame 61.

[0087] As shown in FIG. 17 which is a side view of the frame fastening mechanism 90, the frame fastening mechanism 90 includes a fixed frame hole 81, a movable frame hole 92, a bolt 93, a horizontally long nut 94, a spacer 95, a nut 96, a washer 97, a split nut 98, a sleeve 99, and a hydraulic jack 100.

[0088] The fixed frame hole 81 is the same as the fixed frame hole 81 of the above-mentioned temporary fixing mechanism 80. The fixed frame hole 81 is formed in the base frame 2.

[0089] The movable frame holes 92 are formed in the movable frame 61. A plurality of the movable frame holes 92 are formed on the outer edge of the movable frame 61. The shape of the movable frame holes 92 is the same as the shape of the fixed frame holes 81 and the jack holes 82 shown in FIG.

[0090] The bolt 93 does not have a head and is composed only of a threaded portion. The bolt 93 is a cut bolt. The bolt 93 is inserted through the movable frame hole 92 and the fixed frame hole 81 when the movable frame hole 92 and the fixed frame hole 81 communicate with each other.

[0091] The horizontal nut 94 has a shape elongated horizontally in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the bolt 93. The shape of the horizontal nut 94 is the same as the shape of the horizontal nut 84 and the spacer 85 shown in FIG. 13. The horizontal nut 94 is fixed to an end of the bolt 93. Therefore, the horizontal nut 94 can change the longitudinal direction between a first orientation and a second orientation as the bolt 93 rotates. Here, the first orientation is a direction in which the horizontal nut 94 and the spacer 95 can pass through the fixed frame hole 81 and the movable frame hole 92. The second orientation is a direction that intersects with the first orientation and in which the horizontal nut 94 and the spacer 95 cannot pass through the fixed frame hole 81 and the movable frame hole 92.

[0092] The spacer 95 is rotatably inserted into the bolt 93, and is disposed on the side of the horizontally elongated nut 94 facing the movable frame 61 from the base frame 2. The spacer 95 has the same shape as the horizontally elongated nut 94. The shape of the spacer 95 is the same as the shape of the horizontally elongated nut 84 and the spacer 85 shown in FIG. 13. The length of the spacer 95 in the longitudinal direction of the bolt 93 is approximately equal to the length obtained by adding the thickness of the flange 2a to the thickness of the movable frame 61. Therefore, the spacer 95 can be disposed inside the fixed frame hole 81 and the movable frame hole 92.

[0093] The nut 96 is screwed onto the bolt 93 on the opposite side of the spacer 95 to the oblong nut 94. A hole into which the round bar 110 can be inserted is formed on the side of the nut 96. The nut 96 limits movement of the bolt 93 in the direction in which the bolt 93 is inserted into the movable frame hole 92 and the fixed frame hole 81. The washer 97 is disposed between the nut 96 and the spacer 95. The washer 97 comes into contact with the movable frame hole 92 when the spacer 95 is disposed inside the fixed frame hole 81 and the movable frame hole 92.

[0094] The half nuts 98 have a shape of a cylinder cut in half vertically. Two half nuts 98 are arranged in a set. One set of half nuts 98 is arranged to sandwich the upper end of the bolt 93. The sleeve 99 is a member that prevents the half nuts 98 from coming off the bolt 93. The sleeve 99 is cylindrical, and its inner diameter is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the pair of half nuts 98. The sleeve 99 is fitted onto the outer periphery of the pair of half nuts 98 that sandwich the upper end of the bolt 93.

[0095] The hydraulic jack (pulling means) 100 is capable of pulling the bolt 93 in a direction (upward) to pull the bolt 93 out of the fixed frame hole 81 and the movable frame hole 92. The hydraulic jack 100 is a hollow jack having a space through which the bolt 93 can pass. The hydraulic jack 100 is disposed between the half nut 98 and the washer 97. The hydraulic jack 100 is attached to the bolt 93 from above the bolt 93 before the half nut 98 and the sleeve 99 are attached to the bolt 93. The hydraulic jack 100 uses its hydraulic pressure to push the half nut 98 and the sleeve 99 upward.

[0096] 10, the movable frame holes 92 are formed at both ends in the y-axis direction of the outer edge of the movable frame 61 so that their longitudinal directions are parallel to the x-axis direction. Also, the movable frame holes 92 are formed at both ends in the x-axis direction of the outer edge of the movable frame 61 so that their longitudinal directions are parallel to the y-axis direction.

[0097] When fastening the movable frame 61 to the base frame 2, first, the horizontal nut 94 and the spacer 95 are oriented in a first direction and inserted into the movable frame hole 92 and the fixed frame hole 81 in this order, as shown in Fig. 17. Then, after the spacer 95 is placed inside the movable frame hole 92 and the fixed frame hole 81, the bolt 93 is rotated to orient the horizontal nut 94 in a second direction. This makes it impossible for the horizontal nut 94 to be inserted into the fixed frame hole 81 and the movable frame hole 92, so that the bolt 93 cannot be removed from the fixed frame hole 81 and the movable frame hole 92.

[0098] Thereafter, the hydraulic jack 100 is attached to the bolt 93. Then, above the hydraulic jack 100, a pair of half nuts 98 are used to clamp the upper end of the bolt 93, and a sleeve 99 is fitted onto the outer periphery of the half nuts 98. Next, the hydraulic jack 100 is used to push the half nuts 98 and the sleeve 99 upward. As a result, the bolt 93 is pulled upward. In this state, the nut 96 is tightened toward the movable frame 61 using the round bar 110. As a result, the movable frame 61 is fastened to the base frame 2 with the bolt 93 pulled upward.

[0099] Thereafter, the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic jack 100 is released. Then, the bolt 93 tries to contract downward, narrowing the gap between the oblong nut 94 and the nut 96. This allows the movable frame 61 to be firmly fastened to the base frame 2. Thereafter, the sleeve 99 is removed from the half nut 98, and the half nut 98 is removed from the bolt 93.

[0100] When releasing the fastening between the movable frame 61 and the base frame 2, the hydraulic jack 100 is attached to the bolt 93, the upper end of the bolt 93 is sandwiched between the half nut 98, and the sleeve 99 is fitted around the outer periphery of the half nut 98. Then, the hydraulic jack 100 pushes the half nut 98 and the sleeve 99 upward. In this state, the nut 96 is loosened using the round bar 110 to separate the nut 96 from the washer 97. Then, the bolt 93 is rotated to bring the oblong nut 94 into the first orientation. This allows the oblong nut 94 to pass through the fixed frame hole 81 and the movable frame hole 92, so that the bolt 93 can be removed from the fixed frame hole 81 and the movable frame hole 92. This allows the fastening between the movable frame 61 and the base frame 2 to be released.

[0101] Here, as described above with reference to FIG. 10, at both ends of the outer edge of the movable frame 61 in the y-axis direction, the movable frame holes 92 are formed so that their longitudinal directions are parallel to the x-axis direction. Therefore, when a horizontal force in the y-axis direction is applied to the test piece W, the spacers 95 arranged inside the movable frame holes 92 and the fixed frame holes 81 abut against the inner surfaces of the movable frame holes 92 and the fixed frame holes 81 from the short side direction (see FIG. 13). This allows the horizontal force in the y-axis direction to be received over a wider area than when the spacers 95 abut against the inner surfaces of the movable frame holes 92 and the fixed frame holes 81 from the longitudinal direction. This makes it possible to suitably suppress the displacement of the movable frame 61 in the y-axis direction.

[0102] Similarly, at both ends of the outer edge of the movable frame 61 in the x-axis direction, the movable frame holes 92 are formed so that their longitudinal direction is parallel to the y-axis direction. Therefore, when a horizontal force in the x-axis direction is applied to the test piece W, the spacers 95 arranged inside the movable frame holes 92 and the fixed frame holes 81 abut against the inner surfaces of the movable frame holes 92 and the fixed frame holes 81 from the short side direction (see FIG. 13). This allows the horizontal force in the x-axis direction to be received over a wider area than when the spacers 95 abut against the inner surfaces of the movable frame holes 92 and the fixed frame holes 81 from the longitudinal direction. This makes it possible to suitably suppress displacement of the movable frame 61 in the x-axis direction.

[0103] When the displacement testing machine 1 becomes larger, the movable frame 61 also becomes larger, but by using the frame fastening mechanism 90 described above, the movable frame 61 can be firmly fastened to the base frame 2. Therefore, even if the displacement testing machine 1 becomes larger, it can be easily handled.

[0104] In the frame fastening mechanism 90 having the above-described configuration, the bolt 93 and the horizontally elongated nut 94 are separate bodies. Therefore, even if the threaded portion of the bolt 93 is damaged, it is sufficient to replace only the bolt 93. The bolt 93 and the horizontally elongated nut 94 may be integral with each other.

[0105] (effect) As described above, the displacement tester 1 according to this embodiment has a fastening mechanism 50 that is arranged at the end of the base frame 2 and fastens the base frame 2 to the foundation 11, as shown in FIG. 6. The spherical washer 53 of the fastening mechanism 50 has a first spherical plate 53a having a convex spherical surface on the foundation 11 side, and a second spherical plate 53b having a concave spherical surface on the foundation 11 side. The first spherical plate 53a and the second spherical plate 53b are able to slide freely with each other. When a compressive load is applied to the test piece W by the two supports, a force that spreads the two supports acts on the two supports. As a result, as shown in FIG. 9, the base frame 2 is deformed so as to be convex on the test piece W side. At this time, the second spherical plate 53b slides against the first spherical plate 53a as the base frame 2 is deformed. This makes it possible to reduce the bending load applied to the bolt 51. As a result, the life of the bolt 51 can be extended. When the displacement testing machine 1 is enlarged, the deformation of the base frame 2 also increases, but as described above, the bending load applied to the bolts 51 can be reduced. Also, by increasing the bending rigidity of the base frame 2, the deformation of the base frame 2 can be kept small. Therefore, even if the displacement testing machine 1 is enlarged, it can be easily handled.

[0106] As shown in FIG. 8, when no compressive load is applied to the test specimen W, the center of the base frame 2 abuts against the foundation 11. When a compressive load is applied to the test specimen W by the two supports, the base frame 2 tries to deform so as to become convex toward the test specimen W side. At this time, the center of the base frame 2 moves away from the foundation 11. Therefore, the base frame 2 deforms so as to become convex toward the test specimen W side. On the other hand, when the two supports are moved away (a tensile load is applied to the test specimen W), the base frame 2 tries to deform so as to become concave toward the foundation 11 side. At this time, the center of the base frame 2 abuts against the foundation 11. Therefore, it is possible to suppress deformation of the base frame 2 so as to become concave toward the foundation 11 side.

[0107] As shown in FIG. 5, the direction in which the base frame 2 extends and the direction in which the first guide frame 21 extends cross each other. It is extremely difficult to engage the first block 41b on the first guide frame 21 side with the first rail 31b attached to the first guide frame 21 while engaging the first block 41a on the base frame 2 side with the first rail 31a attached to the base frame 2. Therefore, the intermediate member 8 is attached to the first surfaces 2b, 21b, which are surfaces of the frame members (base frame 2, first guide frame 21) facing the first slide member 3. Before attaching the intermediate member 8 to the first surfaces 2b, 21b, the first rails 31a, 31b are attached to the intermediate member 8. Then, the first block 41a attached to the side surface of the first slide member 3 on the base frame 2 side is engaged with the first rail 31a of the first intermediate member 8a on the base frame 2 side. Also, the first block 41b attached to the side surface of the first slide member 3 on the first guide frame 21 side is engaged with the first rail 31b of the second intermediate member 8b on the first guide frame 21 side. In this state, the first slide member 3 and the two intermediate members 8 are handled as a unit, and the first intermediate member 8a on the base frame 2 side is abutted against the base frame 2, and the second intermediate member 8b on the first guide frame 21 side is abutted against the first guide frame 21. Then, the first intermediate member 8a on the base frame 2 side is attached to the base frame 2, and the second intermediate member 8b on the first guide frame 21 side is attached to the first guide frame 21. In this way, it is possible to easily realize a state in which the first block 41a on the base frame 2 side is engaged with the first rail 31a attached to the base frame 2, and the first block 41b on the first guide frame 21 side is engaged with the first rail 31b attached to the first guide frame 21. The same applies to the case of attaching the intermediate members 8 to the second surfaces 2c, 21c. In order to prevent the first slide member 3 from becoming larger as the displacement tester 1 becomes larger, guide mechanisms 9 are provided on each of the two intersecting surfaces, but by using the intermediate member 8, assembly becomes easier as described above. Therefore, even if the displacement tester 1 is made larger, it can be easily handled.

[0108] 12, the fixed frame hole 81 and the jack hole 82 are shaped so that the horizontal nut 84 and the spacer 85 can pass through them when the horizontal nut 84 and the spacer 85 are in a first orientation, but the nut 87 cannot pass through them. The fixed frame hole 81 and the jack hole 82 are shaped so that the horizontal nut 84 cannot pass through them when the horizontal nut 84 that has passed through the jack hole 82 and the fixed frame hole 81 is in a second orientation. When the jack 70 is temporarily fixed to the base frame 2, the horizontal nut 84 and the spacer 85 are oriented in the first orientation, and the horizontal nut 84 and the spacer 85 are inserted through the jack hole 82 and the fixed frame hole 81 in this order, and the spacer 85 is placed inside the jack hole 82 and the fixed frame hole 81. After that, the bolt 83 is rotated so that the horizontal nut 84 is oriented in the second orientation. As a result, the horizontally long nut 84 cannot pass through the fixed frame hole 81 and the jack hole 82, and therefore the bolt 83 cannot be removed from the fixed frame hole 81 and the jack hole 82. This allows the jack 70 to be temporarily fixed to the base frame 2. When the jack 70 is removed from the base frame 2 after the movable frame 61 has been moved by the jack 70, the bolt 83 is rotated and the horizontally long nut 84 is oriented in the first direction. This allows the horizontally long nut 84 to pass through the fixed frame hole 81 and the jack hole 82, and therefore the bolt 83 can be removed from the fixed frame hole 81 and the jack hole 82. This allows the jack 70 to be removed from the base frame 2. In this way, the jack 70 can be temporarily fixed to the base frame 2 and can be quickly removed from the base frame 2. This allows the operation of moving the movable frame 61 by the jack 70 to be quickly performed. When the displacement tester 1 becomes large, the movable frame 61 also becomes large, making it difficult to move the movable frame 61, but by using the temporary fixing mechanism 80 described above, the movable frame 61 can be quickly moved. Therefore, even if the displacement tester 1 is large, it can be easily handled.

[0109] 17, the fixed frame hole 81 and the movable frame hole 92 are shaped so that the horizontal nut 94 and the spacer 95 can pass through them when the horizontal nut 94 and the spacer 95 are in a first orientation, but the nut 96 cannot pass through them. The fixed frame hole 81 and the movable frame hole 92 are shaped so that the horizontal nut 94 cannot pass through them when the horizontal nut 94 that has passed through the movable frame hole 92 and the fixed frame hole 81 is in a second orientation. When the movable frame 61 is fastened to the base frame 2, the horizontal nut 94 and the spacer 95 are oriented in the first orientation, and the horizontal nut 94 and the spacer 95 are inserted through the movable frame hole 92 and the fixed frame hole 81 in this order, and the spacer 95 is placed inside the movable frame hole 92 and the fixed frame hole 81, and then the bolt 93 is rotated to orient the horizontal nut 94 in the second orientation. As a result, the oblong nut 94 cannot pass through the fixed frame hole 81 and the movable frame hole 92, so that the bolt 93 cannot be removed from the fixed frame hole 81 and the movable frame hole 92. After that, the nut 96 is tightened toward the movable frame 61 while the hydraulic jack 100 is pulling the bolt 93. As a result, the movable frame 61 is fastened to the base frame 2 while the bolt 93 is pulled in the pulling direction. After that, the force of the hydraulic jack 100 pulling the bolt 93 is released. Then, the bolt 93 tries to contract downward, so the gap between the oblong nut 94 and the nut 96 becomes narrower. This allows the movable frame 61 to be firmly fastened to the base frame 2. If the displacement tester 1 is enlarged, the movable frame 61 also becomes large, but if the frame fastening mechanism 90 described above is used, the movable frame 61 can be firmly and quickly fastened to the base frame 2. Therefore, even if the displacement tester 1 is enlarged, the displacement tester 1 can be easily handled.

[0110] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, they are merely illustrative examples and do not limit the present invention, and the specific configurations and the like can be appropriately modified in design. Furthermore, the actions and effects described in the embodiments of the invention are merely a list of the most preferable actions and effects resulting from the present invention, and the actions and effects of the present invention are not limited to those described in the embodiments of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0111] 1. Displacement testing machine 2 Base frame (frame, first frame member, fixed frame) 2a Flange 3 First slide member (support, slide member) 4. Second slide member (support, slide member, first frame member) 5 Third slide member (support, slide member) 6 Rotating member (support) 8 Intermediate parts 9 Guide mechanism 11 Basics 12 Base frame seat 13 Flat Liner 21 First guide frame (second frame member) 22 Second guide frame (second frame member) 23 Third guide frame (second frame member) 25 Bearing section 26 Motor 27 Pinion 28 Gear 29 Mounting seat 31a, 31b 1st rail 32a, 32b 2nd rail 33a, 33b 3rd rail 41a, 41b 1st Block 42a, 42b 2nd Block 43a, 43b 3rd Block 50 Fastening mechanism 51 Volts 52 Nut 53 Spherical washer 54 Washer 61 Movable Frame 61a Engagement portion 70 Jack 71 Cylinder 72 Main body 80 Temporary Fixing Mechanism 81 Fixed frame hole 82 Jack hole 83 Volts 84 Horizontal Nut 85 Spacer 86 Washer 87 Nut 88 Head Nut 88a Handle 90 Frame fastening mechanism 92 Movable frame hole 93 Volts 94 Oblong Nut 95 Spacer 96 Nut 97 Washer 98 Half-split nut 99 Sleeve 100 Hydraulic jack (tension means) 110 Round bar

Claims

1. A frame, Two supports supported by the frame, sandwiching a test body from both sides and applying a compressive load to the test body; a fastening mechanism disposed at an end of the frame in a direction in which the compressive load is applied, and fastening the frame to a foundation; having The fastening mechanism includes: A bolt is inserted through the frame and the foundation; A nut screwed onto the bolt from the side facing the foundation from the frame; a spherical washer disposed between the frame and the nut; having The spherical washer is A first spherical plate having a convex spherical surface on the base side; A second spherical plate having a concave spherical surface on the base side; having A displacement testing machine, wherein the first spherical plate and the second spherical plate are slidable relative to each other.

2. 2. The displacement testing machine according to claim 1, wherein a center portion of the frame abuts against the foundation when the compressive load is not applied to the test piece.

3. A frame member; a slide member supported by the frame member and slidable in a predetermined direction; a guide mechanism provided between the frame member and the slide member and configured to guide the slide member in the predetermined direction along the frame member; an intermediate member attached to a first surface of the frame member facing the slide member or a second surface of the slide member facing the frame member; having The frame member includes: a first frame member to which the guide mechanism is attached and which supports the slide member; a second frame member to which the guide mechanism is attached, supporting the slide member, and extending in a direction intersecting with a direction in which the first frame member extends; having The guide mechanism includes: A rail extending in the predetermined direction; a block that is engaged with the rail and is movable in the predetermined direction; having When the intermediate member is attached to the first surface, one of the rail and the block is attached to the intermediate member, and the other is attached to the slide member; A displacement testing machine, characterized in that, when the intermediate member is attached to the second surface, one of the rail and the block is attached to the intermediate member, and the other is attached to the frame member.

4. A fixed frame and a movable frame that is movable in a predetermined direction on the fixed frame; a jack that can be disposed on the fixed frame and that, when disposed on the fixed frame, can move the movable frame in the predetermined direction; a temporary fixing mechanism capable of temporarily fixing the jack arranged on the fixed frame to the fixed frame; having The temporary fastening mechanism includes: A fixing frame hole formed in the fixing frame; a jack hole formed in the jack; a bolt that is inserted through the jack hole and the fixing frame hole when the jack hole and the fixing frame hole are in communication with each other; a horizontally elongated nut having a horizontally elongated shape in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the bolt, fixed to the bolt, and capable of changing its longitudinal orientation between a first orientation and a second orientation as the bolt rotates; a spacer that is rotatably inserted into the bolt and is disposed on a side of the lateral nut facing the jack from the fixed frame, and has a shape equivalent to that of the lateral nut; a nut that is screwed onto the bolt and limits movement of the bolt in a direction in which the bolt is inserted into the jack hole and the fixing frame hole; having the fixing frame hole and the jack hole have a shape that allows the horizontally elongated nut and the spacer to pass therethrough when the horizontally elongated nut and the spacer are in the first orientation, but does not allow the nut to pass therethrough; A displacement testing machine characterized in that the fixed frame hole and the jack hole are shaped so that the horizontal nut cannot pass through when the horizontal nut that has passed through the jack hole and the fixed frame hole is in the second orientation.

5. A fixed frame and a movable frame that is movable in a predetermined direction on the fixed frame; a frame fastening mechanism capable of fastening the movable frame to the fixed frame; having The frame fastening mechanism includes: A fixing frame hole formed in the fixing frame; A movable frame hole formed in the movable frame; a bolt that is inserted through the movable frame hole and the fixed frame hole when the movable frame hole and the fixed frame hole are in communication with each other; a horizontally elongated nut having a horizontally elongated shape in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the bolt, fixed to the bolt, and capable of changing its longitudinal orientation between a first orientation and a second orientation as the bolt rotates; a spacer that is rotatably inserted into the bolt and is disposed on a side of the lateral nut facing the movable frame from the fixed frame, the spacer having a shape equivalent to that of the lateral nut; a nut that is screwed onto the bolt and limits movement of the bolt in a direction in which the bolt is inserted into the movable frame hole and the fixed frame hole; a tensioning means capable of pulling the bolt in a direction to pull the bolt out of the fixed frame hole and the movable frame hole; having the fixed frame hole and the movable frame hole have a shape that allows the horizontally elongated nut and the spacer to pass therethrough when the horizontally elongated nut and the spacer are in the first orientation, but does not allow the nut to pass therethrough; the fixed frame hole and the movable frame hole have a shape that prevents the lateral nut from passing through when the lateral nut that has passed through the movable frame hole and the fixed frame hole is in the second orientation, The nut is tightened towards the movable frame while the tensioning means tensions the bolt.

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