Water shielding structure and water shielding method and disposal plant construction method

Abstract

To provide a water shielding structure which enables a water shielding method to be conducted to a steep slope having a lot of irregularities to reduce costs of banking and spraying of concrete and reduce the construction period without reducing the accommodation volume, and to provide a water shielding method and a disposal plant construction method.SOLUTION: A water shielding structure shields water on a wall surface 13, such as a rocky wall 11 having irregularities, and is provided with: a non-woven cloth 15 which covers the wall surface 13; a net 17 which is overlapped on the non-woven cloth 15 on the wall surface 13 and made of a synthetic resin; anchor bolts 19 which are installed from above the net 17, penetrate through the non-woven cloth 15, and fix the non-woven cloth 15 and the net 17 in a manner that the non-woven cloth 15 and the net 17 are adhered to the wall surface 13 along an irregular surface; and a water shielding sheet 21 which is joined to a surface of the net 17 by heat fusion and covers the net 17 and the non-woven cloth 15.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a water barrier structure, a water barrier construction method, and a disposal site construction method.

Background Art

[0002] Generally, a waste disposal site is formed by leveling the ground using a terrain such as a mountain valley depression, making the inclined wall surface made of concrete or the like, and laying a water barrier sheet thereon.

[0003] The construction method of a double water barrier sheet disclosed in Patent Document 1 is a construction method of a water barrier sheet laid to prevent water in a storage part such as a waste storage facility from leaking into the ground. When installing a water barrier sheet on a concrete wall surface provided in a waste storage facility, it is a double sheet formed by stacking two sheets. One sheet is shifted downward and to the right or left with respect to the other sheet, and a single sheet portion without stacking of a certain width is provided at the upper end portion and the left end portion (or the right end portion) of the other sheet and the right end portion (or the left end portion) of one sheet. A plurality of double water barrier sheets in which a part of the stacked portion is joined are suspended from the upper end single sheet portion to the concrete wall surface, so that they can be moved. The single sheet portion at the right end (or the left end) of one double water barrier sheet and the single sheet portion at the left end (or the right end) of another double water barrier sheet are overlapped with each other, and a part or all of the overlapped portion is joined and liquid-tightly connected to form a wide double sheet for a plurality of sheets.

[0004] Further, the landfill method of waste disclosed in Patent Document 2 is a method of landfilling waste in each landfill section partitioned by a partition weir covered with a water barrier sheet in a recess where waste of a management type final disposal site for landfilling waste is input, in one step, or for each landfill section, the waste is landfilled in a plurality of steps from the lowest first step to the uppermost step in order from the lower step to the upper step. 1) When filling in one or multiple stages, waste is introduced into a certain landfill section in the lowest stage among them. After the landfill of this landfill section is completed, soil cover and a temporary water barrier sheet are laid on the landfill waste of this landfill section to complete the landfill of this landfill section. 2) Next, the landfill of another landfill section in the said one or lowest stage is completed in the same manner as in 1). 3) Next, the same operations as in 1) or 2) are repeated until the last landfill section among the said stages, and the landfill of the said one or lowest stage is completed. Also, 4) When further filling in multiple stages, while sequentially peeling off the said temporary water barrier sheet laid on the landfill section that has been landfilled, the landfill from the second stage and above to the uppermost stage is completed in the same procedure as in the steps of 1) to 3). 5) A capillary barrier is provided on the uppermost landfill waste after the landfill of all landfill sections is completed. And to the water collecting pipe provided on the ground where the water blocking work of the said concave part is carried out, the leachate generated by the rainwater that has come into contact with the waste introduced into the landfill section during the landfill and the rainwater flowing down from the landfill section where the waste has not yet been landfilled are respectively received. After these leachate and rainwater are led to the drainage and sewage treatment facilities in a state of being isolated from each other, this leachate is treated in the water treatment facility to obtain treated water. Then, this treated water is evaporated by natural sunlight or forced evaporation, and the rainwater received on the said temporary water barrier sheet, the rainwater flowing down along the said slope surface, and the rainwater led to the said drainage and sewage treatment facilities are discharged outside the final disposal site through a drainage channel having a water conduction gradient for allowing the rainwater to flow horizontally on the said slope surface. This is the gist of the present invention.

[0005] Also, the method for constructing an impermeable layer disclosed in Patent Document 3 is to construct an impermeable layer by spraying an asphalt mortar composed of fine aggregate and asphalt emulsion on the base surface for constructing the impermeable layer.

[0006] Furthermore, the method for constructing a water-blocking structure for a slope disclosed in Patent Document 4 is for a recess having a substantially horizontal bottom surface and a slope sprayed with concrete extending obliquely upward at least at a gradient of 50% from this bottom surface. A water-blocking sheet comprising a water-blocking layer made of a polyolefin-based resin, a support layer made of a woven fabric, a non-woven fabric, etc. laminated on the water-blocking layer, and a fixing piece provided on the support layer and fixed to the slope is used to construct a water-blocking structure for the slope. The method is characterized in that, after fixing to the substantially flat opening peripheral portion at the upper part of the slope, the water-blocking sheet is spread along the slope, and the fixing piece provided on the support layer of the water-blocking sheet is fixed with a fixing fitting such as a concrete nail and laid over the entire length of the slope. This is repeated for a plurality of water-blocking sheets over the entire slope, and adjacent water-blocking sheets are welded to each other.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0007]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Patent Document 3

Patent Document 4

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0008] However, in the method for constructing a double water-blocking sheet disclosed in Patent Document 1, when providing the second water-blocking space, it is necessary to form a new wall surface all around by embankment or cutting. Also, when providing the second water-blocking space, a new embankment is provided, so the storage volume decreases by the amount of the embankment. Further, it costs to form the embankment. Furthermore, since a new wall surface is formed all around and a water-blocking body is provided, it takes time to form the second water-blocking space, and there is a problem that the acceptance stop period becomes long. In addition, in the landfill method for waste disclosed in Patent Document 2, since the wall surface of the landfill space is formed by providing steps and partition dikes in advance, there is a problem that a water barrier cannot be directly provided on a natural rock wall surface or a surface with many irregularities. Further, in the method for constructing an impermeable layer disclosed in Patent Document 3, when providing a water barrier on a rock wall surface, it is necessary to spray mortar, concrete, etc. in advance to treat the rock wall surface before laying a waterproof sheet. Therefore, there is a problem that the spraying work is costly and time-consuming. Furthermore, in the construction method of the water barrier structure for a slope disclosed in Patent Document 4, when the slope is a steep slope with a gradient of 50% or more, spraying concrete treatment is required. Therefore, like the construction method of Patent Document 3, there is a problem that the spraying work is costly and time-consuming.

[0009] The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a water barrier structure, a water barrier method, and a disposal site construction method that can directly construct a water barrier on a steep slope with many irregularities, reduce the cost of embankment, concrete spraying, etc. without reducing the storage volume, and shorten the construction period.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0010] Next, means for solving the above problems will be described with reference to the drawings corresponding to the embodiments. The water barrier structure according to claim 1 of the present invention is a water barrier structure for waterproofing a wall surface 13 having irregularities, a non-woven fabric 15 covering the wall surface 13, a synthetic resin net 17 overlapped from above the non-woven fabric 15 at least in the concave portion 25 of the wall surface 13, an anchor bolt 19 cast from above the net 17, penetrating the non-woven fabric 15, and fixing the non-woven fabric 15 and the net 17 in close contact along the wall surface 13, a waterproof sheet 21 joined by heat welding to the surface of the net 17 and covering the net 17 and the non-woven fabric 15, and characterized by comprising the above.

[0011] In this water-blocking structure, a wall surface 13 such as a rock wall 11 having irregularities is covered with a non-woven fabric 15. The non-woven fabric 15 absorbs the fine irregularities (micro-irregularities) of the wall surface 13, and allows a net 17 that later covers the wall surface 13 to conform to the wall surface 13. That is, it has the effect of reducing the voids generated between the wall surface 13 and increasing the contact area between the wall surface 13 and the net 17. In addition, when there is a large concave portion 25 on the wall surface 13, the non-woven fabric 15 may be fixed to the concave wall surface along the concave portion 25 using an anchor bolt 19. By reducing the voids between the non-woven fabric 15 and the wall surface 13 in advance, it becomes possible to smoothly fix the net 17 later. A synthetic resin net 17 is laid on the surface of the non-woven fabric 15. The net 17 does not have to be laid over the entire surface of the non-woven fabric 15. The net 17 is, for example, about 1000 mm wide, and is suspended almost parallel from the shoulder to the hip of the slope, with an overlap of about 100 mm at predetermined intervals, for example, in the horizontal direction which is the width direction. The net 17 is a square-mesh net made of a synthetic resin such as polyethylene or polypropylene manufactured by continuous extrusion molding. As the square-mesh net, for example, a trical net (registered trademark) with a mesh of 10 mm is used. Since the trical net (registered trademark) is a net made of synthetic resin, it is lightweight and easy to process on site. In particular, since the squares are aligned vertically and horizontally, it is easy to position the overlap. It is excellent in corrosion resistance against acids and alkalis. In the water-blocking structure, an anchor bolt 19 is driven into the wall surface 13 from above the net 17 and penetrates the non-woven fabric 15. The anchor bolt 19 may have a head with a larger diameter than the shaft portion. In addition, when the anchor bolt 19 does not have a head, a male thread is formed at the base end of the shaft portion, and a washer is inserted into this male thread and a nut is screwed. That is, the anchor bolt 19 driven from above the net 17, penetrating the non-woven fabric 15 and driven into the wall surface 13, can be fixed by closely attaching the non-woven fabric 15 and the net 17 to the wall surface 13 with the head or the washer and applying a predetermined surface pressure. At this time, since the net 17 has flexibility and strength enough to withstand the fastening strength, it can follow the wall surface 13 such as the rock wall 11 with unevenness, fit in, and be deformed so as to well cover the wall surface 13 and fixed together with the non-woven fabric 15. If a metal plate, a plastic plate, etc. were used instead of the net 17, it would lack flexibility and it would be difficult to follow the concave portion 25 of the wall surface, so that handling and installation work would be troublesome. Also, corrosion resistance cannot be obtained with metal, and fixing to the later waterproof sheet 21 also becomes complicated. Further, since the net 17 can be paid out from the shoulder to the hip by using gravity from a wound body of a predetermined width, even for a wall surface 13 of several tens of meters, easy extension is possible. In this way, in the covering member in which the non-woven fabric 15 and the net 17 are overlapped, the waterproof sheet 21 is joined to the surface of the net 17 by heat welding. The waterproof sheet 21 is vertically installed from the shoulder to the hip with a predetermined width, the same as the net 17, heat is applied from above the waterproof sheet 21, and both the waterproof sheet 21 and the net 17 are welded with temperature and pressure. Also, the waterproof sheets 21 of a predetermined width are welded and integrated by overlapping the edges of the adjacent waterproof sheets 21 with each other to cover the wall surface 13.

[0012] The waterproof structure according to claim 2 of the present invention is the waterproof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the gradient of the wall surface 13 is 50% or more.

[0013] In this waterproof structure, the gradient of the wall surface 13 such as the rock wall 11 is 50% or more, and even for a wall surface 13 on which mortar, concrete, etc. are not sprayed, it is possible to pay out from the shoulder to the hip by using gravity with a wound body of the non-woven fabric 15, the net 17, or the waterproof sheet 21 wound with a predetermined width. The gradient of 50% means a gradient in which there is 1 unit length in the vertical direction with respect to 2 unit lengths in the horizontal direction, that is, a gradient of 500 mm in the vertical direction with respect to a horizontal distance of 1000 mm. The gradient angle is about 26°. Thereby, even if the wall surface 13 is a steep slope with a height of several tens of meters, easy extension using the gravity of the non-woven fabric 15, the net 17, and the waterproof sheet 21 is possible.

[0014] The water-blocking structure according to claim 3 of the present invention is the water-blocking structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a surface nonwoven fabric 22 is further spread on the water-blocking sheet 21.

[0015] In this water-blocking structure, a water-blocking body 23 provided on a wall surface 13 such as a rock wall 11 having irregularities has a structure in which a nonwoven fabric 15, a net 17, and a water-blocking sheet 21 are laminated. This water-blocking body 23 has its voids suppressed and is in close contact with the wall surface 13. The outermost water-blocking sheet 21 has its surface further covered by the surface nonwoven fabric 22. Thereby, the surface nonwoven fabric 22 serves as a shock buffer, and for example, the shock received directly from the thrown waste or indirectly through the waste already in contact without direct contact is not transmitted to the water-blocking sheet 21 but is alleviated by the surface nonwoven fabric 22.

[0016] The water-blocking method according to claim 4 of the present invention includes a nonwoven fabric spreading step of spreading a nonwoven fabric 15 on a wall surface 13 having irregularities, a net overlapping step of overlapping a synthetic resin net 17 on the nonwoven fabric 15 from above at least in a concave portion 25 of the wall surface 13 after the nonwoven fabric spreading step, a net-nonwoven fabric fixing step of driving an anchor bolt 19 from above the net 17, passing it through the nonwoven fabric 15, and fixing the nonwoven fabric 15 and the net 17 in close contact along the uneven surface of the wall surface 13, a water-blocking step of spreading a water-blocking sheet 21 from above the net 17 after the net-nonwoven fabric fixing step and covering the net 17 and the nonwoven fabric 15 with the water-blocking sheet 21 by joining the net and the water-blocking sheet. It is characterized by including the above steps.

[0017] In this water-blocking method, it is not necessary to flatten the wall surface 13 such as the rock wall 11 in advance. In the state where the wall surface 13 has irregularities, in the nonwoven fabric spreading step, the wall surface 13 is covered by the spread nonwoven fabric 15. In this state, there are still voids due to the irregularities between the wall surface 13 and the nonwoven fabric 15. In the net overlapping process, the net 17 is overlapped on at least the concave portion 25 of the wall surface 13 from above the non-woven fabric 15. The net 17 is, for example, a long strip with a width of 1000 mm that extends from the shoulder to the hip of the slope, and is extended while being fed out from a winding body arranged at the shoulder of the slope. That is, the net 17 passes through the concave portion 25 and the convex portion from top to bottom to cover the wall surface 13 and cover the non-woven fabric 15. Particularly when the concave portion 25 is large or the convex portion is large, an overhang state occurs and the gap between the wall surface 13 and the net 17 becomes large. In the net-non-woven fabric fixing process, the anchor bolt 19 is driven into the wall surface 13 from above the net 17 and penetrates the non-woven fabric 15. The driving of the anchor bolt 19 is performed using, for example, a boom-type aerial work vehicle arranged on the bottom surface 29 of the landfill space. In this water-blocking construction method, for example, the anchor bolt 19 is driven by an operator. Due to the unevenness of the wall surface 13, the non-woven fabric 15 and the net 17 in the overhang state due to the large convex portion are closely adhered so as to be wound along the concave portion 25 on the lower surface side of this convex portion to the bottom surface of the concave portion when the anchor bolt 19 is driven, and the gap between the wall surface 13 and the non-woven fabric 15 will decrease. In this case, it is more preferable to fix the concave portion 25 on the lower surface side of the convex portion to the wall surface 13 in terms of suppressing the generation of gaps due to expansion. In this way, the non-woven fabric 15 and the net 17 are closely adhered and fixed in a state of being overlapped along the uneven surface on the wall surface 13 of the rocky wall 11 having unevenness. Thereby, until the next process, the water-blocking process, the non-woven fabric 15 and the net 17 can be prevented from fluttering in the wind. Furthermore, the portion having slight protrusions on the wall surface 13 becomes smooth, and it becomes easier to spread the water-blocking sheet in the next process. In a water shielding project, a water shielding sheet 21 is extended on the surfaces of a net 17 and a nonwoven fabric 15. Here, on the wall surface where the water shielding sheet 21 is extended on the surface of the net 17, the net 17 is overlapped on the entire surface of the nonwoven fabric 15. The net 17 has a predetermined width, for example, about 1000 mm, and is arranged substantially parallel from the shoulder to the hip of the slope at predetermined intervals, for example, with an overlap of about 100 mm in the horizontal direction which is the width direction. The anchor bolts 19 are preferably driven at the positions of these overlaps, and the respective edges of each net 17 are fixed without floating. Also, preferably, a covering process for covering the heads of the anchor bolts 19, for example, providing a protective sheet piece, may be employed. With this protective sheet piece, the heads of the metal anchor bolts 19 do not directly touch the water shielding sheet 21, preventing damage to the water shielding sheet 21 and improving the durability of the water shielding sheet 21 sandwiched between the introduced waste and the anchor bolts 19. The net 17 and the nonwoven fabric 15 are both covered by the water shielding sheet 21 when the water shielding sheet 21 is joined to the net 17. After the water shielding sheet 21 is extended on the surface of the net 17, the covering member formed by overlapping the nonwoven fabric 15 and the net 17 has the net 17 and the water shielding sheet 21 joined by heat welding. As described above, the net 17 is formed with a predetermined width, and the long direction orthogonal to the predetermined width is overlapped on the nonwoven fabric 15 from the shoulder to the hip of the slope, and the predetermined intervals in the long direction are fixed to the wall surface 13 by the anchor bolts 19. In addition, at locations where the unevenness is large and overhangs significantly, it is preferable to appropriately increase or decrease the number of driven anchor bolts 19 to conform to the wall surface 13. Thereby, a water shielding body 23 composed of the nonwoven fabric 15, the net 17, the anchor bolts 19, and the water shielding sheet 21 is provided on the wall surface 13 of the rock wall 11.

[0018] The water shielding method according to claim 5 of the present invention is the water shielding method according to claim 4, wherein the gradient of the wall surface 13 is 50% or more, and the nonwoven fabric 15, the net 17, and the water shielding sheet 21 are extended by being lowered from the shoulder of the wall surface 13, which is characterized.

[0019] In this waterproofing method, even on a wall surface 13 with a slope of the rock wall 11 of 50% or more and not sprayed with mortar, concrete, etc., it is possible to hang from the shoulder and extend to the hip using gravity by a non-woven fabric 15, a net 17, or a wound body of a waterproof sheet 21 wound around a predetermined width. A slope of 50% means a slope of 500 mm in the vertical direction with respect to a horizontal distance of 1000 mm. This enables easy stretching using the gravity of the non-woven fabric 15, the net 17, and the waterproof sheet 21 even on a steep slope with a height of several tens of meters.

[0020] The waterproofing method according to claim 6 of the present invention is the waterproofing method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that a surface non-woven fabric 22 is further stretched on the waterproof sheet 21.

[0021] In this waterproofing method, a waterproof body 23 provided on a wall surface 13 such as a rock wall 11 having irregularities has a structure in which a non-woven fabric 15, a net 17, and a waterproof sheet 21 are laminated. This waterproof body 23 has voids suppressed and adheres closely to the wall surface 13. The outermost waterproof sheet 21 has its surface further covered by a surface non-woven fabric 22. Thereby, the surface non-woven fabric 22 serves as a shock buffer, and for example, an impact received non-contactly directly from the thrown waste or indirectly through the existing waste in contact is not transmitted to the waterproof sheet 21 but is buffered by the surface non-woven fabric 22.

[0022] The disposal site construction method according to claim 7 of the present invention is such that at least one of the wall surfaces 13 forming the landfill space 27 is a wall surface 13 having irregularities, and a non-woven fabric spreading step of spreading a non-woven fabric 15 at least in the concave portion 25 of the wall surface 13; after the non-woven fabric spreading step, a net stacking step of stacking a synthetic resin net 17 on the non-woven fabric 15; next to the net stacking step, an anchor bolt 19 is driven from above the net 17, passed through the non-woven fabric 15, and the non-woven fabric 15 and the net 17 are closely adhered and fixed along the uneven surface of the wall surface 13, a net-non-woven fabric fixing step; after the net-non-woven fabric fixing step, a water shielding sheet 21 is spread from above the net 17, and the net 17 and the water shielding sheet 21 are joined to cover the net 17 and the non-woven fabric 15 with the water shielding sheet 21, a water shielding step, are carried out, and a water shielding body 23 that closely adheres from the shoulder to the hip of the law is obtained on the wall surface 13 in the landfill space 27, A partition weir 31 made of embankment is provided at the position of the landfill space bottom surface 29 surrounding the landfill space 27 except for the wall surface 13, The end of the bottom water shielding body 35 laid across the weir slope surface 33 of the partition weir 31 facing the landfill space 27 and the landfill space bottom surface 29 is raised from the hip of the law along the water shielding body 23 and then welded to the water shielding body 23, A second partition weir 55 is provided on a part of the new bottom surface composed of the landfill waste and the upper surface of the partition weir 31 by filling the landfill space 27 with waste, and the weir bottom surface 53 and the weir slope surface 33 are covered with a non-woven fabric and a water shielding sheet, The water shielding body 23 is used as it is to fill the waste up to the upper end of the second partition weir 55, By providing the subsequent third partition weir 89 obtained in the same manner while gradually shifting it toward the landfill space 27 side, new waste is laminated and filled in the newly defined landfill space 27.

[0023] In this landfill construction method, a water-blocking body 23 is closely provided along a wall surface 13 such as a rock wall 11 having irregularities by sequentially performing a non-woven fabric spreading process, a net overlapping process, a net-non-woven fabric fixing process, and a water-blocking process. That is, the water-blocking body 23 is provided on a wall surface 13 of an inclined surface such as the rock wall 11 in at least one of the walls forming the landfill space 27. As the landfill space 27, a terrain where only the wall surface 13 rises from the bottom surface 29 of the landfill space may be used. In this case, the walls surrounding the landfill space 27 are virtual walls except for the wall surface 13. On the bottom surface 29 of the landfill space, a partition dike 31 made of embankment is newly provided at the position of this virtual wall. That is, a partition dike 31 made of embankment is provided at the position of the bottom surface 29 of the landfill space 27 surrounding the landfill space 27 except for the wall surface 13. Further, the partition dike 31 may be provided by cutting soil. After the partition dike 31 is provided on the bottom surface 29 of the landfill space, a bottom water-blocking body 35 composed of non-woven fabrics 39, 43, 47 and water-blocking sheets 41, 45 is laid on the dike slope surface 33 of the partition dike 31 facing the landfill space 27 and the bottom surface 29 of the landfill space. The end of the laid bottom water-blocking body 35 is welded to the water-blocking body 23 after rising along the water-blocking body 23 from the edge of the water-blocking body 23 covering the wall surface 13. Specifically, the water-blocking sheets 41, 45 of the bottom water-blocking body 35 rise and are welded to the water-blocking sheet 21 of the water-blocking body 23. Thereby, the landfill space 27 is water-blocked by the bottom surface 29 of the landfill space, the wall surface 13 rising from the periphery thereof, and the dike slope surface 33 of the partition dike 31. Waste is put into the water-blocked landfill space 27. The waste is filled until it becomes flush with the upper surface of the partition dike 31, thereby forming a new bottom surface. A second partition dike 55 is provided on a part of the new bottom surface composed of the upper surface formed by the waste and the upper surface of the partition dike 31. The second partition dike 55 has a dike bottom surface 53 and a dike slope surface 33 covered with a water-blocking body composed of non-woven fabrics 59, 63, 67, 75, 79, 83 and water-blocking sheets 61, 65, 77, 81. Here, the second partition dike 55 constitutes a new wall of the landfill space 27 excluding the wall surface 13. That is, the water-blocking body 23 provided on the wall surface 13 is used as it is in the new landfill space 27 surrounded by the second partition dike 55. After the waste is filled up to the upper end of the second partition dam 55, the subsequent part from the third partition dam 89 obtained in the same manner is provided while being gradually shifted toward the landfill space 27 side. As a result, in the new landfill space defined by the new partition dam, while the water shielding body 23 provided by directly using the wall surface 13 continues to be used, new waste is laminated and filled up. According to this disposal site construction method, it is possible to eliminate the need for the treatment of spraying concrete or mortar to smooth the unevenness of the wall surface 13, which has been generally performed in the past. As a result, there are merits of shortening the working time and reducing the cost. And, the treatment of forming new wall surfaces all around by embankment or cutting when providing the second water shielding space, which has been generally performed in the past, can be reduced on the wall surface 13 side. According to this disposal site construction method, on the wall surface 13 side, there is no need to provide an embankment in front. That is, the water shielding body 23 provided first can be used as it is. Although it is necessary to form a wall provided by embankment or cutting in places where the wall surface 13 is not used, in the part of the wall surface 13 that uses the rock wall 11 or a steep slope, etc., since the embankment is reduced, there is a merit that the accommodation volume of the waste increases. In addition to this, there are also merits of reducing the cost for the embankment and shortening the construction period thereof. In addition, in the case where all the walls surrounding the landfill space 27 are the wall surfaces 13 of natural rock walls, the embankment for providing the partition dam 31 can also be made unnecessary in the disposal site construction method.

Advantages of the Invention

[0024] According to the water shielding structure described in claim 1 according to the present invention, by enabling the construction of a water shielding work on a wall surface such as a rock wall having fine unevenness or large unevenness, it is possible to eliminate the need for embankment, concrete spraying, etc. without reducing the accommodation volume, reduce these costs, and shorten the construction period.

[0025] According to the water shielding structure described in claim 2 according to the present invention, it is possible to easily construct a water shielding work on a wall surface such as a steep slope of a rock wall having unevenness with a gradient of 50% or more without spraying mortar, concrete, etc., and it becomes possible to directly use a steep natural rock wall as a wall surface of a landfill space, etc. in a short period of time and at low cost.

[0026] According to the water shielding structure described in claim 3 of the present invention, the water shielding sheet on the surface of the water shielding body provided on a wall surface such as a rock wall with many irregularities is covered with a surface non-woven fabric, so that the impact received from the waste to be thrown in is alleviated, and damage to the water shielding body can be suppressed.

[0027] According to the water shielding method described in claim 4 of the present invention, without previously flattening a wall surface having irregularities such as a rock wall by spraying mortar or concrete, etc., the water shielding body can be directly provided on the wall surface of a steep natural rock wall with irregularities remaining in a short period of time and at low cost.

[0028] According to the water shielding method described in claim 5 of the present invention, when stretching a covering member such as a non-woven fabric, a net, or a water shielding sheet, these can be hung down from the shoulder, and the stretching of the covering member can be easily performed by utilizing gravity with respect to a wall surface such as a steep natural rock wall.

[0029] According to the water shielding method described in claim 6 of the present invention, when the wall surface becomes one of the wall surfaces forming a landfill space, the water shielding sheet on the surface of the water shielding body extending from the shoulder to the hip can be further covered with a surface non-woven fabric, and damage to the water shielding body due to direct contact with waste can be suppressed.

[0030] According to the disposal site construction method described in claim 7 of the present invention, a water shielding body that closely adheres from the toe of the slope to the heel of the slope is provided on the wall surface facing the landfill space, and an embankment partition dike made of embankment is provided at the position of the bottom surface of the landfill space that surrounds the landfill space except for this wall surface. The end of the water shielding sheet laid across the dike slope surface of the partition dike facing the landfill space and the bottom surface of the landfill space is welded to the water shielding body after being raised along the water shielding body from the heel of the slope. Therefore, a second partition dike is provided on the new bottom surface composed of the landfill waste and the upper surface of the partition dike by filling the landfill space with waste, and the bottom surface of the dike and the dike slope surface are covered with a non-woven fabric and a water shielding sheet. After filling the waste up to the upper end of the second partition dike, a third partition dike and subsequent ones obtained in the same manner are provided. While directly using the first water shielding body provided on the wall surface such as a steep slope, new waste can be continuously stacked and landfilled in the landfill space, without reducing the storage volume of the waste, reducing the costs of embankment, concrete spraying, etc., and shortening the construction period of the disposal site construction.

Brief Description of Drawings

[0031]

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Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0032] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. [Waterproof Structure] FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing the waterproof structure according to this embodiment together with an enlarged view of the main part. The waterproof structure according to this embodiment is a waterproof structure for waterproofing a wall surface 13 such as a rock wall 11 having irregularities. The rock wall 11 may be either natural or artificially made. The wall surface 13 of the rock wall 11 is an inclined surface. The inclined surface may be a gentle slope or a steep slope. Further, the waterproof structure according to this embodiment may be a particularly steep slope with a gradient of 50% or more. Hereinafter, in this embodiment, a case where the wall surface 13 of the rock wall 11 is a steep slope with a gradient of 50% or more, which can also be said to be a cliff surface, and has an uneven surface that undulates with respect to this steep slope will be described as an example.

[0033] The waterproof structure includes a non-woven fabric 15, a net 17, an anchor bolt 19, and a waterproof sheet 21. The non-woven fabric 15, the net 17, the anchor bolt 19, and the waterproof sheet 21 constitute a waterproof body 23.

[0034] The non-woven fabric 15 is provided so as to cover the entire surface of the wall surface 13. For example, a long strip with a width of several meters is wound in the longitudinal direction, and the non-woven fabric 15 is provided from the shoulder to the hip by feeding it out from this wound body. Adjacent non-woven fabrics 15 are arranged in parallel with each other's edge portions overlapped without gaps.

[0035] The net 17 is overlapped so as to vertically cut through the concave portion 25 from above the non-woven fabric 15 at least in the concave portion 25 of the wall surface 13. Similar to the non-woven fabric 15, the net 17 is also wound in the longitudinal direction with a long strip, and is provided from the shoulder to the hip by feeding it out from this wound body. The net 17 does not have to be overlapped on the entire surface of the non-woven fabric 15. The net 17 having a predetermined width (for example, about 1000 mm) is vertically provided substantially in parallel at a predetermined interval (for example, several meters in the horizontal direction) from the shoulder to the hip.

[0036] The net 17 is a net having a mesh made of synthetic resin. As this net 17, a square-mesh net made of synthetic resin such as polyethylene or polypropylene manufactured by continuous extrusion molding, for example, Tricar Net (registered trademark), is preferable. The square mesh (mesh) has a side length of about 5, 7, 10, 25, 34 mm, preferably 10 mm. Since the net 17 has a lattice shape in which the warp and weft are integrally formed and a large number of meshes open vertically and horizontally, the anchor bolts 19 can be driven much more easily than in a normal planar sheet or plate. That is, since the Tricar Net (registered trademark) is a net 17 made of synthetic resin, it is lightweight and easy to process on site. In particular, since the meshes are aligned vertically and horizontally, the nonwoven fabric 15 can be visually observed through the net 17, facilitating positioning and the insertion of the anchor bolts 19. Also, it is excellent in corrosion resistance against acids and alkalis.

[0037] The anchor bolts 19 are driven from above the net 17, penetrate the nonwoven fabric 15, and are driven into the concave surface of the concave portion 25. The anchor bolts 19 driven into the wall surface 13 fix the nonwoven fabric 15 and the net 17 in close contact. The anchor bolts 19 preferably have a structure with a head having a larger diameter than the shaft portion. Also, when the anchor bolts 19 do not have a head, a male thread is formed at the base end of the shaft portion, and a washer is inserted into this male thread and a nut is screwed. That is, the anchor bolts 19 driven into the wall surface 13 through the nonwoven fabric 15 from above the net 17 can fix the nonwoven fabric 15 and the net 17 in close contact with the wall surface 13 by applying a predetermined surface pressure by the head or the washer.

[0038] As the anchor bolt 19, various types can be used. As long as it can be driven from above the net 17, penetrate the non-woven fabric 15, and fix the net 17 and the non-woven fabric 15 to the rock wall 11 with a predetermined surface pressure, any type of anchor bolt 19 may be used. In this embodiment, as an example, a type is used in which a pin insertion hole is drilled in the center of the shaft body, a diameter-expanding slit is provided at the insertion tip of the shaft body, and a male thread is formed at the base end of the shaft. For this type of anchor bolt 19, a pilot hole is drilled in the wall surface 13, and after the shaft body is inserted into the pilot hole, a diameter-expanding pin inserted into the pin insertion hole is driven in, so that the insertion tip of the shaft body is expanded in the pilot hole to obtain tensile strength.

[0039] Note that since the anchor bolt 19 is made of metal, the male thread end, nut, washer, etc. may be covered with a protective sheet piece (not shown) for preventing damage to the waterproof sheet 21 that will be stacked later. Thereby, the durability of the waterproof sheet 21 sandwiched between the thrown-in waste and the anchor bolt 19 can be improved.

[0040] The waterproof sheet 21 is joined to the surface of the net 17 by heat welding to cover the net 17 and the non-woven fabric 15. The welding of the net 17 and the waterproof sheet 21 is performed by applying heat to the net 17 together with the waterproof sheet 21 from above the waterproof sheet 21 and welding both with temperature and pressure. At this time, the waterproof sheet 21 leaves a welded edge that further extends from the welded end. The edge of the waterproof sheet 21 that is extended adjacent to this is welded to this welded edge.

[0041] In the welded part of the waterproof sheets with the net 17 interposed therebetween, by adopting such a welding structure, while suppressing the fluttering (flapping) of the adjacent waterproof sheets 21 by the wind, the waterproof surface can be made watertight and continuous in the lateral direction. That is, if only the waterproof sheet 21 is laid without the net 17, it will flutter in the wind, but such a problem is suppressed in the waterproof structure of the present invention.

[0042] In addition, the welding of the net 17 and the water barrier sheet 21 may be a three-layer welding structure in which the water barrier sheet 21 is overlapped over the entire width direction of the net 17, the water barrier sheet 21 is welded to the net 17 at a position where the above-mentioned welded edge remains, and the edge of the water barrier sheet 21 that is extended adjacent to this welded edge is overlapped and welded. Note that the welding method of the net 17 and the water barrier sheet 21 described above is an example, and the water barrier structure of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0043] For the water barrier structure, a surface non-woven fabric 22 may be further extended over the extended water barrier sheet 21. The water barrier body 23 has its surface covered by the surface non-woven fabric 22, and the surface non-woven fabric 22 serves as an impact buffer material. Thereby, for the water barrier body 23, for example, the impact received non-contact directly from the thrown waste or indirectly through the waste that is already in contact is buffered by the surface non-woven fabric 22 without being transmitted to the water barrier sheet 21.

[0044] [Water barrier construction method] Next, a water barrier construction method for constructing the water barrier body 23 will be described.

[0045] The water barrier construction method according to the present embodiment sequentially performs a non-woven fabric extension step, a net overlapping step, a net-non-woven fabric fixing step, and a water barrier step.

[0046] In the non-woven fabric extension step, the non-woven fabric 15 is extended on the wall surface 13 such as the rock wall 11 having irregularities. The non-woven fabric 15 uses a wound body formed by winding a long strip of a predetermined width in the longitudinal direction, and is hung from the shoulder and fed out to the hip using gravity. Adjacent non-woven fabrics 15 are arranged in parallel with their edge portions overlapped without gaps. The non-woven fabric 15 may be fixed to the wall surface 13 by anchor bolts. Note that the fixing of the non-woven fabric 15 to the wall surface 13 can also be omitted.

[0047] In the net overlapping process, a synthetic resin net 17 is overlapped on the non-woven fabric 15 from above at least in the concave portion 25 of the wall surface 13. The net 17 has a predetermined width, for example, about 1000 mm, and is vertically provided almost parallel from the shoulder to the hip with an overlap margin of about 100 mm at predetermined intervals, for example, in the horizontal direction which is the width direction. Also in this case, the net 17 uses a wound body obtained by winding a long strip of a predetermined width in the longitudinal direction, and can be paid out from the shoulder to the hip by utilizing gravity.

[0048] In the net-non-woven fabric fixing process, an anchor bolt 19 is driven from above the net 17, penetrated through the non-woven fabric 15, and the non-woven fabric 15 and the net 17 are fixed in close contact along the convex or concave surface of the wall surface 13. The driving of the anchor bolt 19 is performed using, for example, a boom-type aerial work vehicle arranged on the bottom surface 29 of the landfill space in the landfill space 27. Also, the operator performs rope aerial work from the shoulder using a lifting device or the like. As the location where the anchor bolt 19 is driven, it is preferably driven into the concave portion 25 on the lower surface side of the convex portion, so that the non-woven fabric 15 and the net 17 are in close contact with the shape of the wall surface. Also, it is preferably driven at the position of the overlap margin of the net 17 described above, so that the respective edges of each net 17 are fixed without floating.

[0049] In the water shielding process, a water shielding sheet 21 is extended from above the net 17, and the net 17 and the water shielding sheet 21 are joined to cover the net 17 and the non-woven fabric 15 with the water shielding sheet 21. More specifically, for the welding of the net 17 and the water shielding sheet 21, for example, heat is applied to the edge of the water shielding sheet 21 overlapped in the entire width direction of the net 17 from above the water shielding sheet 21 together with the net 17, and both are welded by temperature and pressure. Thereby, the water shielding sheet 21 is fixed to the net 17, and fluttering due to wind is suppressed. At this time, the water shielding sheet 21 is overlapped in the entire width direction of the net 17, and a welded edge from which a non-welded edge to be welded extends further is left from the welded edge welded to the net 17. The edge of the water shielding sheet 21 extended adjacent to this non-welded edge can be welded.

[0050] For the water shielding method, a non-woven fabric 15 may be further extended over the water shielding sheet 21 in the water shielding body 23 fixed along the wall surface 13.

[0051] [Disposal site construction method] FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view of a disposal site constructed by the disposal site construction method. In the disposal site construction method according to this embodiment, at least one of the wall surfaces forming the landfill space 27 is a wall surface 13 such as a rock wall 11 having irregularities. The above-described water shielding structure is provided on this wall surface 13 by the above-described water shielding method. That is, a non-woven fabric extension step of extending the non-woven fabric 15 on the wall surface 13, a net stacking step of stacking a synthetic resin net 17 from above the non-woven fabric 15, an anchor bolt 19 is driven from above the net 17, penetrated through the non-woven fabric 15, and the non-woven fabric 15 and the net 17 are fixed in close contact along the uneven surface of the wall surface 13. A net-non-woven fabric fixing step, a water shielding step of extending a water shielding sheet 21 on the surface of the net 17 and joining the net 17 and the water shielding sheet 21 by heat welding to cover the net 17 and the non-woven fabric 15 with the water shielding sheet 21 are carried out in order.

[0052] Thereby, a water shielding body 23 that closely adheres from the shoulder to the hip is obtained on the steep wall surface 13 such as the rock wall 11 in the landfill space 27. The outermost water shielding sheet 21 may further have its surface covered by a surface non-woven fabric 22.

[0053] For the disposal site construction method, except for the wall surface 13 of the rock wall 11 where the water shielding body 23 is provided, an embankment partition dike 31 is provided at the position of the landfill space bottom surface 29 surrounding the landfill space 27 by embankment. The partition dike 31 may be provided by cutting soil.

[0054] FIG. 3 is a side cross-sectional view showing the corner joint portion where the bottom water shielding body 35 laid on the landfill space bottom surface 29 intersects with the water shielding body 23 together with an enlarged view of the main part. After providing the partition weir 31, a bottom water barrier 35 is laid across the weir top surface of the partition weir 31 (see Fig. 2) facing the landfill space 27, the weir side surface 33 (see Fig. 2), and the bottom surface 29 of the landfill space. Next, after raising the end of this bottom water barrier 35 as a standing piece 37 along the water barrier 23 from the weir butt, it is welded to the water barrier 23. The raising height of the standing piece 37 is, for example, set to about H = 1000 mm. Thereby, a double water barrier structure in which the water barrier sheets overlap at H = 1000 mm of the wall surface 13 where there is a risk of water stagnation can be adopted. The bottom water barrier 35 has a five-layer structure in which a bottom lower nonwoven fabric 39, a bottom lower water barrier sheet 41, a bottom intermediate nonwoven fabric 43, a bottom upper water barrier sheet 45, and a bottom upper nonwoven fabric 47 are laminated in order from the bottom surface 29 of the landfill space.

[0055] At the corner joint, the weir butt of the water barrier 23 and the end of the bottom water barrier 35 can be joined by, for example, as shown in Fig. 2, raising the standing piece 37 of the bottom water barrier 35 on the opposite side of the wall surface 13 across the water barrier 23 of the weir butt and joining the standing piece 37 to the water barrier 23. Conversely, the standing piece 37 of the bottom water barrier 35 can be inserted between the wall surface 13 and the water barrier 23, and the standing piece 37 and the water barrier 23 can be joined. Furthermore, at the corner joint, the nonwoven fabric 15, net 17, and water barrier sheet 21 of the water barrier 23 can be appropriately sandwiched between any of the bottom lower nonwoven fabric 39, bottom lower water barrier sheet 41, bottom intermediate nonwoven fabric 43, bottom upper water barrier sheet 45, and bottom upper nonwoven fabric 47 of the bottom water barrier 35 and joined in a laminated state.

[0056] As a specific example of this corner joint, as shown in the enlarged view of the main part of FIG. 3, at the flange portion of the water barrier 23, the lower edge of the net 17 is positioned to reach the bottom surface 29 of the landfill space, the lower edge of the non-woven fabric 15 is positioned to slightly extend over the bottom surface 29 of the landfill space, and anchor bolts 19 are driven in along the wall surface 13. Also, the lower edge of the water barrier sheet 21 is made slightly shorter, and the lower edge of the surface non-woven fabric 22 is positioned to slightly extend over the bottom surface 29 of the landfill space. The standing pieces 37 of the bottom water barrier 35 do not all rise by 1000 mm. The bottom lower non-woven fabric 39 reaches the wall surface 13. The bottom lower water barrier sheet 41 and the bottom upper water barrier sheet 45 are raised by about 1000 mm, and the edge portions are joined in a bag-like manner at the connecting portion 48. The bottom intermediate non-woven fabric 43 is positioned inside this bag-like joint. Also, the bottom upper non-woven fabric 47 is made to have a length that reaches the wall surface 13. Since the surface non-woven fabric 22 is further extended on the water barrier sheet 21 of the water barrier 23, a hook-and-loop fastener 24 is attached to the lower edge of the water barrier sheet 21 so that the lower edge of this surface non-woven fabric 22 does not flutter, and the lower edge of the surface non-woven fabric 22 may be fixed with this hook-and-loop fastener 24. The water barrier 23 and the bottom water barrier 35 are connected by welding at the connecting portion 48 for the non-woven fabric 15 and the bottom lower non-woven fabric 39, the net 17 and the bottom lower water barrier sheet 41, the water barrier sheet 21 and the bag-like bottom lower water barrier sheet 41 and the bottom upper water barrier sheet 45, and the surface non-woven fabric 22 and the bottom upper non-woven fabric 47, respectively. Note that the connecting portion between the water barrier sheet 21 and the bag-like bottom lower water barrier sheet 41 and the bottom upper water barrier sheet 45 is joined such that the bag-like bottom lower water barrier sheet 41 and the bottom upper water barrier sheet 45 overlap on the wall surface 13 side of the water barrier sheet 21, and the connecting portion 48 is positioned at a position about 1000 mm from the bottom surface. Also, the water barrier sheet 21 may overlap on the wall surface 13 side of the bag-like bottom lower water barrier sheet 41 and the bottom upper water barrier sheet 45. By setting the height of this connecting portion 48, stagnant water can be avoided.

[0057] In the specific example shown in this Figure 3, the hem (lower edge) of the net 17 is basically laid until it reaches the bottom surface 29 which is the lowest part of the wall surface 13. In the case where the recess of the wall surface 13 has a large shape, as the waste is filled, the water barrier sheet 21 is pushed toward the wall surface 13 side. However, since the net 17 is laid under the water barrier sheet 21, deformation of the water barrier sheet 21 due to the recess can be avoided. The connection part 48 of the water barrier sheet 21 is positioned above the connection parts 48 of the non-woven fabric 15 and the surface non-woven fabric 22. Since the water barrier sheets 21, 41, and 45 may retain water, they must be doubled from the bottom surface 29 up to a height of 1000 mm, and the edges of the water barrier sheets 41 and 45 of the bottom water barrier body 35 are raised up to 1000 mm and welded. Each of the non-woven fabrics 15, 22, 39, and 47 is welded at the bottom surface or near the bottom surface. There is no particular limitation on the positional relationship between the upper bottom non-woven fabric 47 and the lower bottom non-woven fabric 39. Among the non-woven fabrics 39, 43, and 47 of the bottom water barrier body 35, the middle bottom non-woven fabric 43 does not necessarily need to be welded to the water barrier body 23 side of the wall surface 13. These upper bottom non-woven fabric 47, lower bottom non-woven fabric 39, and middle bottom non-woven fabric 43 may be welded at the bottom surface 29 or near the bottom surface 29, and the lengths of these non-woven fabrics 47, 39, and 43 do not vary much.

[0058] Referring to FIG. 2 again. In the disposal site construction method, after joining the dike slope 33, the bottom water barrier body 35 laid on the bottom surface 29 of the landfill space, and the water barrier body 23 of the wall surface 13, waste is landfilled in the first water barrier space 49 formed between the water barrier body 23 and the partition dike 31 to form the first landfill layer 51. Thereby, a new bottom surface composed of the landfill waste and the upper surface of the partition dike 31 is obtained.

[0059] FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of part A of FIG. 2. A second partition dike 55 that covers the dike bottom surface 53 and the dike slope 33 (see FIG. 5) with a water barrier is provided on a part of the new bottom surface. More specifically, a bottom water barrier body 57 shown in FIG. 4 is provided on the dike bottom surface 53 of the second partition dike 55. The bottom water barrier body 57 is composed by laminating an upper bottom non-woven fabric 59, an upper bottom water barrier sheet 61, a middle bottom non-woven fabric 63, a lower bottom water barrier sheet 65, and a lower bottom non-woven fabric 67 downward from the dike bottom surface 53.

[0060] The bottom water-blocking body 57 and the bottom water-blocking body 35 are joined at their respective layers by a welding part 69. That is, the upper bottom non-woven fabric 47 and the lower bottom non-woven fabric 67, the upper bottom water-blocking sheet 45 and the lower bottom water-blocking sheet 65, the middle bottom non-woven fabric 43 and the middle bottom non-woven fabric 63, the lower bottom water-blocking sheet 41 and the upper bottom water-blocking sheet 61, and the lower bottom non-woven fabric 39 and the upper bottom non-woven fabric 59 are joined.

[0061] Figure 5 is an enlarged view of part B in Figure 2. Also, a slope water-blocking body 73 is laid on the top surface 71 (see Figure 2) of the newly provided second partition weir 55 and the slope surface 33. The slope water-blocking body 73 is composed of laminating a lower slope non-woven fabric 75, a lower slope water-blocking sheet 77, a middle slope non-woven fabric 79, an upper slope water-blocking sheet 81, and an upper slope non-woven fabric 83 upward from the slope surface 33.

[0062] The bottom water-blocking body 57 and the slope water-blocking body 73 are joined at their respective layers by a welding part 69. That is, the upper bottom non-woven fabric 59 and the lower slope non-woven fabric 75, the upper bottom water-blocking sheet 61 and the lower slope water-blocking sheet 77, the middle bottom non-woven fabric 63 and the middle slope non-woven fabric 79, the lower bottom water-blocking sheet 65 and the upper slope water-blocking sheet 81, and the lower bottom non-woven fabric 67 and the upper slope non-woven fabric 83 are joined.

[0063] In this landfill construction method, as shown in Figure 2, using the water-blocking body 23 on the wall surface 13 as it is, waste is filled in the second water-blocking space 85 up to the upper end of the second partition weir 55 to form a second landfill layer 87. Similarly, waste is filled in the third water-blocking space 91 up to the upper end of the third partition weir 89 obtained in the same way to form a third landfill layer 93. Thereafter, by gradually shifting the partition weir toward the landfill space side and providing it, new waste can be laminated and filled in the newly demarcated landfill space 27.

[0064] Next, the operation of the above-described configuration will be described.

[0065] [Operation of the water-blocking structure] In the water-blocking structure according to this embodiment, a wall surface 13 such as a rock wall 11 having irregularities is covered with a non-woven fabric 15. The non-woven fabric 15 absorbs the minute irregularities of the wall surface 13 and makes the net 17 that will later cover the wall surface 13 conform to the wall surface 13. That is, it has the effect of reducing the voids generated between the wall surface 13 and increasing the contact area between the wall surface 13 and the net 17. In addition, when there is a large concave portion 25 on the wall surface 13, the non-woven fabric 15 may be fixed to the bottom surface of the concave portion using an anchor bolt 19 along the concave portion 25. By doing this, by reducing the voids between the non-woven fabric 15 and the wall surface 13 in advance, it becomes possible to smoothly fix the later net 17.

[0066] A synthetic resin net 17 is overlaid on the surface of the non-woven fabric 15. The net 17 does not have to be overlaid on the entire surface of the non-woven fabric 15. The net 17 is, for example, about 1000 mm in a predetermined width, and is vertically installed almost parallel from the shoulder to the hip of the slope, with an overlap of about 100 mm at predetermined intervals, for example, in the horizontal direction which is the width direction.

[0067] The net 17 is preferably a square-mesh net made of a synthetic resin such as polyethylene or polypropylene manufactured by continuous extrusion molding. As the square-mesh net, for example, a trical net (registered trademark) with a mesh of 10 mm is used. Since the trical net (registered trademark) is a net 17 made of a synthetic resin, it is lightweight and easy to process on site. In particular, since the squares are aligned vertically and horizontally, it is easy to position the overlap. Also, it is excellent in corrosion resistance against acids and alkalis. A surface load is applied to the wall surface 13 by the net 17, and the net 17 and the non-woven fabric 15 can be in close contact with the irregularities of the wall surface 13. Also, by joining the net 17 and the water-blocking sheet 21 on its surface by heat welding, it is possible to prevent the water-blocking sheet from fluttering in the wind.

[0068] In the water shielding structure, the anchor bolt 19 is driven into the wall surface 13 from above the net 17 and penetrates the non-woven fabric 15. The anchor bolt 19 may have a head with a larger diameter than the shaft portion. The size of this head is set such that it does not penetrate the corner of the net 17. Also, when the anchor bolt 19 does not have a head, a male thread is formed at the base end of the shaft portion, and a washer is inserted into this male thread and a nut is screwed thereon. That is, the anchor bolt 19 that presses the net 17, penetrates the non-woven fabric 15, and is driven into the wall surface 13 can be fixed by bringing the non-woven fabric 15 and the net 17 into close contact with the wall surface 13 by the head or the washer and applying a predetermined surface pressure.

[0069] Since the anchor bolt 19 is made of metal, the male thread end, the nut, the washer, etc. may be covered with a protective sheet piece for preventing damage to the water shielding sheet 21 that will be stacked later.

[0070] At this time, since the net 17 has flexibility and a strength that can withstand the fastening strength, it follows the wall surface 13 such as the rock wall 11 having irregularities, conforms to it, and deforms so as to cover the wall surface 13 well with the non-woven fabric 15, and can be fixed together with the net 17. If a metal plate, a plastic plate, etc. were used instead of the net 17, it would lack flexibility and it would be difficult to follow the concave portion 25 of the wall surface, so it would take time and effort for handling and installation work. Also, corrosion resistance cannot be obtained with metal, and fixing to the later water shielding sheet 21 also becomes complicated. Furthermore, since the net 17 can be paid out from the slope shoulder to the slope foot by utilizing gravity from a wound body of a predetermined width, even for a wall surface 13 of several tens of meters, easy extension is possible.

[0071] In this way, the covering member in which the non-woven fabric 15 and the net 17 are stacked has the water shielding sheet 21 joined to the surface of the net 17 by thermal welding. Since the net 17 is vertically installed from the slope shoulder to the slope foot with a predetermined width, for example, the ends of the adjacent water shielding sheets 21 are welded along the side edge of the net. The welding applies heat from above the net 17 and the water shielding sheet 21 and welds both with temperature and pressure.

[0072] In this water-blocking structure, even on a steep slope with a gradient of the wall surface 13 of 50% or more and without spraying mortar, concrete, etc., it is possible to utilize gravity with a wound body of a non-woven fabric 15, a net 17, or a water-blocking sheet 21 wound around a predetermined width and extend it from the shoulder to the hip. The 50% gradient means a gradient where there is 1 unit length in the vertical direction for 2 unit lengths in the horizontal direction, that is, a gradient of 500 mm in the vertical direction for a horizontal distance of 1000 mm. The gradient angle is approximately 26°. As a result, even on a steep slope with a height of several tens of meters, easy extension using the gravity of the non-woven fabric 15, the net 17, and the water-blocking sheet 21 becomes possible. Consequently, without spraying mortar, concrete, etc., it becomes possible to easily construct a water-blocking work on a wall surface 13 such as a rocky wall 11 with many irregularities and a gradient of 50% or more, and it becomes possible to directly use a steep natural rocky wall 11 as the wall surface 13 of the landfill space 27, etc. in a short period and at low cost.

[0073] And in this water-blocking structure, a water-blocking body 23 provided on a wall surface 13 such as a rocky wall 11 having irregularities has a structure in which a non-woven fabric 15, a net 17, and a water-blocking sheet 21 are laminated. This water-blocking body 23 has voids suppressed and adheres closely to the wall surface 13. The outermost water-blocking sheet 21 may further have its surface covered by a surface non-woven fabric 22. Thereby, the surface non-woven fabric 22 serves as an impact buffer, and for example, an impact received directly from the dumped waste or indirectly through the waste already in contact without direct contact is mitigated by the surface non-woven fabric 22. As a result, the water-blocking sheet 21 on the surface of the water-blocking body provided on the wall surface 13 such as the rocky wall 11 with many irregularities is covered with the surface non-woven fabric 22, the impact received from the dumped waste is mitigated, and damage to the water-blocking body 23 can be suppressed.

[0074] [Function of the water-blocking method] In the water-blocking method according to this embodiment, it is not necessary to previously make the rocky wall surface flat and smooth. In a state where there are irregularities on the wall surface 13, in the non-woven fabric extension step, the wall surface 13 is covered by the extended non-woven fabric 15. In this state, there are still voids due to the irregularities between the wall surface 13 and the non-woven fabric 15. Anchor bolts may be driven from above the non-woven fabric 15.

[0075] In the net overlapping process, the net 17 is overlapped on at least the concave portion 25 of the wall surface 13 from above the non-woven fabric 15. The net 17 is, for example, a long strip with a width of 1000 mm spanning from the shoulder to the hip, and is extended while being fed out from a winding body arranged at the shoulder. That is, the net 17 passes through the concave portion 25 and the convex portion from above to below to cover the wall surface 13. Particularly when the concave portion 25 is large or the convex portion is large, it becomes an overhanging state and it is difficult to adhere closely to the wall surface 13 and the non-woven fabric 15, and the gap becomes large. However, since the extended net 17 applies a surface load to the wall surface 13 together with the vertical load, the wall surface 13, the non-woven fabric 15, and the net 17 are likely to adhere closely.

[0076] In the net-non-woven fabric fixing process, the anchor bolt 19 is driven into the wall surface 13 from above the net 17 and penetrating the non-woven fabric 15. The driving of the anchor bolt 19 is performed using a boom-type aerial work platform or the like arranged on the bottom surface 29 of the landfill space. With a boom-type aerial work platform, it is possible to construct the wall surface 13 at a height of 10 to 30 m from the bottom surface 29 of the landfill space.

[0077] In this waterproofing method, for example, the anchor bolt 19 is driven in by an operator. Due to the unevenness of the wall surface 13, the non-woven fabric 15 and the net 17 that are in an overhanging state due to large convex portions adhere closely so as to be wound along the concave portion 25 on the lower surface side of the convex portion to the bottom surface of the concave portion, and the gap between the wall surface 13 and the non-woven fabric 15 is reduced. In this case, fixing the concave portion 25 on the lower surface side of the convex portion to the wall surface 13 is more preferable in terms of suppressing the generation of gaps due to extension. In this way, the non-woven fabric 15 and the net 17 are closely fixed in a state of being overlapped along the uneven surface to the wall surface 13 of the rocky wall 11 having unevenness. Thereby, until shifting to the next waterproofing process, the non-woven fabric 15 and the net 17 can be prevented from fluttering in the wind. Further, the portion having slight protrusions on the wall surface 13 becomes smooth, and it becomes easier to extend the waterproof sheet in the next process.

[0078] In a water-blocking project, a water-blocking sheet 21 is extended on the surfaces of the net 17 and the non-woven fabric 15. Here, on the wall surface where the water-blocking sheet 21 is extended on the surface of the net 17, the net 17 is overlapped on the entire surface of the non-woven fabric 15. The net 17 has a predetermined width, for example, about 1000 mm, and is arranged substantially parallel from the coping to the soffit with an overlap margin of about 100 mm at predetermined intervals, for example, in the horizontal direction which is the width direction. The anchor bolts 19 are preferably driven at the positions of these overlap margins, and the respective edges of each net 17 are fixed without floating. The net 17 and the non-woven fabric 15 are both covered by the water-blocking sheet 21 when the water-blocking sheet 21 is joined to the net 17.

[0079] For the covering member formed by overlapping the non-woven fabric 15 and the net 17, after the water-blocking sheet 21 is extended on the surface of the net 17, the net 17 and the water-blocking sheet 21 are joined by heat welding. As described above, the net 17 is formed with a predetermined width, and the long direction orthogonal to the predetermined width is overlapped on the non-woven fabric 15 from the coping to the soffit, and the predetermined intervals in the long direction are fixed to the wall surface 13 by the anchor bolts 19. In addition, at locations where the unevenness is large and overhangs, it is preferable to appropriately increase or decrease the number of driven anchor bolts 19 to align with the wall surface 13.

[0080] Thereby, a water-blocking body 23 composed of the non-woven fabric 15, the net 17, the anchor bolts 19, and the water-blocking sheet 21 is provided on the wall surface 13 of the rock wall 11.

[0081] In this waterproofing method, even for a wall surface 13 with a gradient of 50% or more and not sprayed with mortar, concrete, etc., it is possible to utilize gravity to hang from the shoulder of the slope and extend to the toe of the slope by means of a wound body of a non-woven fabric 15, a net 17, or a waterproof sheet 21 wound around a predetermined width. As a result, even on a steep slope with a height of several tens of meters, it is possible to easily extend the non-woven fabric 15, the net 17, and the waterproof sheet 21 by utilizing their gravity. As a result, when extending the covering members such as the non-woven fabric 15, the net 17, and the waterproof sheet 21, these can be hung from the shoulder of the slope, and the extension of the covering members can be easily performed by utilizing gravity with respect to the wall surface 13 of the steep natural rock wall 11. Further, in a configuration having a net 17 between the non-woven fabric 15 and the waterproof sheet 21, the surface load on the wall surface 13 by the net 17 improves the adhesion between the unevenness of the wall surface 13 and the waterproof body 23, and furthermore, the fluttering of the waterproof body 23 due to wind can be reduced.

[0082] [Disposal site construction method] In the disposal site construction method according to the present embodiment, by sequentially performing a non-woven fabric extension step, a net stacking step, a net-non-woven fabric fixing step, and a waterproofing step, the waterproof body 23 is provided in close contact along the wall surface 13 such as the rock wall 11 having unevenness. That is, the waterproof body 23 is provided on the wall surface 13 of at least one of the walls forming the landfill space 27.

[0083] As the landfill space 27, a terrain where only the wall surface 13 such as the rock wall 11 stands up from the bottom surface 29 of the landfill space may be utilized. In this case, the walls surrounding the landfill space 27 have virtual walls other than the wall surface 13. On the bottom surface 29 of the landfill space, a partition dike 31 made of embankment is newly provided at the position of this virtual wall. Further, the partition dike 31 may be provided by cutting soil. That is, at the position of the bottom surface 29 of the landfill space 27 surrounding the landfill space 27 excluding the wall surface 13, a partition dike 31 made of embankment or cutting soil is provided.

[0084] After a partition weir 31 is provided on the bottom surface 29 of the landfill space, a bottom water barrier 35 is laid on the weir surface 33 of the partition weir 31 facing the landfill space 27 and the bottom surface 29 of the landfill space. The edge of the laid bottom water barrier 35 is welded to the water barrier 23 after being raised along the water barrier 23 from the edge of the water barrier 23 covering the wall surface 13. Thereby, the landfill space 27 is water-blocked by the bottom surface 29 of the landfill space and the wall surface 13 and the weir surface 33 of the partition weir 31 that rise from its periphery.

[0085] Waste is put into the water-blocked landfill space 27. The waste is landfilled until it reaches the same plane as the upper surface of the partition weir 31, thereby forming a new bottom surface. A second partition weir 55 is provided on a part of the new bottom surface composed of the upper surface formed by this waste and the upper surface of the partition weir 31. The bottom surface 53 and the weir surface 33 of the second partition weir 55 are covered with a water barrier (see Fig. 4).

[0086] Here, the second partition weir 55 constitutes a new wall of the landfill space 27 excluding the wall surface 13. That is, the water barrier 23 provided on the wall surface 13 will be used as it is in the new landfill space 27 surrounded by the second partition weir 55.

[0087] After the waste is landfilled up to the upper end of the second partition weir 55, the subsequent third partition weir 89 obtained in the same manner is provided while being gradually shifted toward the landfill space 27 side. Thereby, in the new landfill space defined by the new partition weir, while the water barrier 23 provided by directly using the wall surface 13 continues to be used, new waste is stacked and landfilled.

[0088] Fig. 6 is a side sectional view of a disposal site according to a conventional method with a supporting embankment 95 provided. In the conventional method, it is necessary to provide the supporting embankment 95 shown in Fig. 6 in front of the wall surface 13. Also, when stacking landfill layers after the second landfill layer, it is necessary to provide a new supporting embankment 95 in front of the wall surface 13 each time. In the disposal site construction method of the present invention, it is no longer necessary to provide the supporting embankment 95 shown in FIG. 6 in front of the wall surface 13. That is, according to the present invention, the first provided water barrier (water barrier body 23) can be used as it is. Where the wall surface 13 is not utilized, it is necessary to form a wall provided by embankment or cut soil, but in the wall surface 13 that utilizes the rock wall 11, since the supporting embankment 95 shown in FIG. 6 is reduced, there is an advantage that the storage volume increases by the volume V of the supporting embankment 95. In addition to this, there are also advantages such as reduction of the construction cost of the supporting embankment 95, omission of the water barrier treatment for the supporting embankment 95, and shortening of the construction period for each. Further, in the disposal site construction method of the present invention, the treatment of spraying concrete or mortar to smooth the unevenness of the wall surface 13, which has been generally performed in the past, can be made unnecessary. As a result, there is an advantage that the working time is shortened and the cost is reduced.

[0089] In addition, in the case where all the walls surrounding the landfill space 27 are the wall surfaces 13 of natural rock walls, the embankment for providing the partition weirs 31, 55, 89 can also be made unnecessary in the disposal site construction method. Further, the rock wall 11 may be either natural or artificially made.

[0090] Therefore, according to the water barrier structure according to the present embodiment, by enabling the construction of a water barrier on the wall surface 13 such as the rock wall 11 with many irregularities, it is possible to reduce the cost of embankment, concrete spraying, etc. without reducing the storage volume and shorten the construction period.

[0091] Further, according to the water barrier construction method according to the present embodiment, without previously smoothing or flattening the wall surface 13 such as the rock wall 11 by spraying mortar or concrete, the water barrier body 23 can be directly provided on the wall surface 13 of the steep natural rock wall 11 with fine irregularities and large irregularities remaining in a short period of time and at low cost.

[0092] Further, according to the disposal site construction method according to the present embodiment, a water shielding body 23 that closely adheres from the shoulder to the hip is provided on the wall surface 13 facing the landfill space 27, and a partition dike 31 made of embankment is provided at the position of the landfill space bottom surface 29 that surrounds the landfill space 27 except for the wall surface 13 such as the rock wall 11. The end of the bottom water shielding body 35 laid across the dike upper surface, the dike flank 33, and the landfill space bottom surface 29 of the partition dike 31 facing the landfill space 27 is welded to the water shielding body 23 after being raised along the water shielding body 23 from the hip. Therefore, on the new bottom surface composed of the landfill waste and the upper surface of the partition dike 31 by filling the landfill space 27 with waste, a second partition dike 55 that covers the dike bottom surface 53 and the dike flank 33 with water shielding bodies 57 and 73 is provided. After filling the waste up to the upper end of the second partition dike 55, by providing the third and subsequent partition dikes obtained in the same manner, while using the first water shielding body 23 provided on the wall surface 13 of the rock wall 11 as it is, new waste can be continuously stacked and filled in the landfill space 27, the storage volume can be reduced without reducing, the costs such as embankment and concrete spraying can be reduced, and the construction period of the disposal site can also be shortened.

Example

[0093] Hereinafter, examples in which the configurations of the above-described embodiments are individually verified will be described. When there are slight protrusions and overhanging shapes (largely protruding parts) on the wall surface where the water shielding structure is provided, that is, when there are irregularities on the wall surface, if there is a gap between the water shielding body (water shielding sheet) and the recess of the wall surface, the water shielding sheet will be pushed toward the wall surface by the waste and deformation will occur. That is, after construction, if the strength received by the water shielding sheet pushed by the waste exceeds the design allowable strength, there is a risk of breakage.

[0094] [Verification 1] According to the "Handbook of the Water Shielding System for the Final Disposal Site of Waste" (published by the Research Association for the Final Disposal Site Technology System, a specified non-profit activity corporation: the first edition, the first printing on January 25, 2008), it is described that it is preferable to configure the water shielding sheet so that it falls within the following design allowable strength. Design allowable strength = Breaking strength × 0.32 (at 20 °C) … Formula 1 Here, the breaking strength (N / cm) was tested using the test method of "6.5 Tensile Performance" in the "Waterproofing Technology and Management Manual" (published by the Japan Waterproofing Association: May 2019 edition). Test specimens were prepared using dumbbell-shaped No. 3 specimens, and the specimens were pulled until they broke at a gripping distance of 60 mm and a tensile speed of 50 mm / min. The load at break was calculated, and the breaking strength (N / cm) was obtained by dividing the load (N) at break in the tensile test by the width (cm) of the waterproof sheet test specimen. Since the width (cm) of the waterproof sheet test specimen is constant, the following discussion is based on the load (N) during the tensile test. Regarding the load of the breaking strength of the waterproof sheet, in the "Waterproofing Technology and Construction Management Manual" (published by the Japan Waterproofing Association: May 2019 edition), the standard value of the medium-elastic type of the waterproof sheet is 140 N / cm. In this verification 1, the width of the test specimen when measuring the breaking strength is 0.5 cm. Therefore, 140 N / cm × 0.5 cm = 70 N. Substituting this into the above formula 1, the load of the design allowable strength is calculated to be 22.4 N.

[0095] First, as a comparative example, a waterproof structure is formed in which a non-woven fabric and a waterproof sheet are simply overlapped, and the waterproof structure is constructed and stretched in the order of the non-woven fabric and the waterproof sheet on a wall surface with slight protrusions (relatively small unevenness). The area of the waterproof sheet in the state immediately after construction (immediately after stretching) is 1 m 2 However, when waste is landfilled here, the waterproof sheet is pushed along the uneven wall surface by the pressure of the waste, and it was found that the waterproof sheet was stretched to 1.26 m 2 That is, in the construction method of simply stretching the waterproof structure in the conventional method, the elongation rate was 26%.

[0096] On the other hand, when the waterproof structure of the present invention, that is, the waterproof structure composed of a non-woven fabric, a net, and a waterproof sheet, is stretched on the same wall surface with slight protrusions as above, the area of the waterproof sheet in the state immediately after construction (immediately after stretching) is 1 m 2 However, even when the pressure when waste is landfilled is applied, the area remains unchanged in the construction state immediately after stretching. That is, since the waterproof structure is in a substantially close contact state without gaps along the wall surface, the waterproof sheet did not stretch.

[0097] Next, the load (N) on the waterproof sheet in terms of the strength it receives is obtained, and the result is shown in Table 1 below. As a result, in the waterproof structure of the comparative example of "only the non-woven fabric and the waterproof sheet", a load of 30 N is applied even by slight protrusions, exceeding the design allowable strength, so there is a risk of breakage of the waterproof sheet. That is, in the configuration of the comparative example, after the waterproof sheet is extended, if it is pushed by waste, the design allowable strength of the waterproof sheet itself cannot be maintained, and there is a risk of breakage over time.

[0098] [Table 1]

[0099] Furthermore, as the shape of the wall surface, the overhang shape (a largely protruding part) has a larger difference in unevenness than the above-mentioned slight protrusions. In the waterproof structure of the comparative example, it is expected that the load on the waterproof sheet extended on the uneven wall surface will be much larger than 30 N in Table 1. Therefore, due to the slight protrusions and the unevenness of the overhang shape, after construction, the strength received by the waterproof structure of only the non-woven fabric and the waterproof sheet, which is the comparative example, is highly likely to exceed the above-mentioned design allowable strength.

[0100] On the other hand, in the configuration of the waterproof structure of the embodiment of the present invention using a non-woven fabric, a net, and a waterproof sheet as the waterproof structure, the construction elongation area is 0. That is, it was found that the waterproof structure can apply a surface load to the wall surface by the net and can be in close contact with the uneven shape of the wall surface by joining the net and the waterproof sheet.

[0101] [Physical properties] Next, the physical properties of the waterproof sheet, net, and non-woven fabric constituting the waterproof structure of the present invention are shown below. 1. Physical properties of the waterproof sheet The water barrier sheet can be formed from a known resin material, but an olefin resin is preferred as it does not become too heavy in specific gravity, has good workability, and good bondability with a polyethylene net. In particular, it is preferable to use linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) or high-density polyethylene (HDPE). When the water barrier sheet is made of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), the tensile strength (N / cm) in the longitudinal direction is preferably 500 - 700 N / cm, and the tensile strength in the width direction is preferably 500 - 800 N / cm. Also, when the water barrier sheet is made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), the tensile strength (N / cm) in the longitudinal direction is preferably 450 - 750 N / cm, and the tensile strength in the width direction is preferably 450 - 800 N / cm. The tensile strength was tested by the test method of "6.5 Tensile Performance" in the "Waterproofing Technology and Management Manual" (published by the Japan Waterproofing Association: May 2019 edition). Test specimens were prepared using dumbbell-shaped No. 3 specimens, and the specimens were pulled until they broke at a gripping distance of 60 mm and a tensile speed of 50 mm / min. It was calculated from the calculation formula described in "Tensile Strength of Synthetic Rubber and Synthetic Resin (Non-Reinforced Type)" in Table 2 "Measurement and Calculation Methods of Tensile Performance and Tear Performance" described in the above "6.5 Tensile Performance". The width of the test specimen was 0.5 cm. If the tensile strength of the water barrier sheet is less than the lower limit value, the water barrier sheet may stretch and break when pressed by waste. On the other hand, if the tensile strength of the water barrier sheet exceeds the upper limit value, it lacks flexibility and it is difficult for the water barrier sheet to adhere closely to the wall surface shape. That is, the workability deteriorates. Here, the "tensile strength" is to read the load at the break of the water barrier sheet, and the tensile strength indicates the "breaking strength".

[0102] 2. Physical property values of the synthetic resin net which is the net The synthetic resin net is a net made of a known resin material, but an olefin resin is preferred. In particular, linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) is preferred. When the synthetic resin net is made of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), the yield point strength in the longitudinal and transverse directions (N / m) is preferably 3,000 to 9,000 N / m. The yield point strength (N / m) is measured at a temperature of 23°C and a tensile speed of 200 mm / min. If the yield point strength of the synthetic resin net is less than the lower limit value, the net does not have sufficient strength. On the other hand, if the yield point strength of the synthetic resin net exceeds the upper limit value, the net tends to become rigid and is difficult to adhere to the wall surface shape.

[0103] 3. Physical property values of non-woven fabric The non-woven fabric preferably has a basis weight of 1,000 g / m 2 or more, and more preferably 1,100 to 2,000 g / m 2 In addition, the tensile strength (N / 5 cm) conforming to JIS L 1908 is preferably 100 N / 5 cm or more, and more preferably 400 to 800 N / 5 cm. Also, the penetration resistance conforming to ASTM D4833 is preferably 500 N or more, and more preferably 800 to 2,000 N. By using the non-woven fabric within the above range as the surface non-woven fabric, the water-proof sheet and the net can be sufficiently protected. Further, by using it as the non-woven fabric on the wall surface side, the non-woven fabric can be installed along the shape of the laying surface.

[0104] 4. Welding performance of water-proof sheet and net 4-1. Tensile test in the shear direction A tensile test in the shear direction was carried out on the welded part of the water-proof sheet and the net to evaluate the welding performance of the water-proof sheet and the net against the self-weight of the water-proof sheet, waste, and the load due to the thermal shrinkage of the water-proof sheet. The test method will be described later. In addition, it is preferable to have the following strength as the welding performance in the shear direction. Preferred range: 20 to 150 N / cm More preferred range: 40 to 130 N / cm Even more preferred range: 50 to 110 N / cm

[0105] 4-2. Tensile test in the peeling direction A tensile test in the peeling direction was carried out at the welded part of the water-proof sheet and the net, and the welding strength at which the water-proof sheet does not flutter (flutter) in the wind was evaluated. The test method will be described later. Note that it is preferable to have the following strength as the welding performance in the peeling direction. Preferred range: 20 - 150 N / cm More preferred range: 40 - 130 N / cm Even more preferred range: 50 - 110 N / cm

[0106] [Welding performance test] Performance of the welded part between the net and the water-proof sheet 1. Molding of test pieces · Net = Tricar net (registered trademark) N24LLDP (product name, manufactured by Takiron Shia Building Co., Ltd.) (black) · Water-proof sheet = Vinon metal barrier (mLLDPE) (product name, manufactured by Takiron Shia Co., Ltd.), t = 1.5 mm · Welding machine used: Hand rice star "Triac ST" (manufactured by Rice Star Co., Ltd.) Welding conditions: Temperature 400 °C 1-1. Place the water-proof sheet on top of the Tricar net (registered trademark), and weld and join them with a manual welding machine Triac ST (manufactured by Rice Star Co., Ltd.). The test pieces are prepared based on JIS K 6850. Hereinafter, the procedure will be described with reference to Fig. 7. (1) Prepare a net and a water-proof sheet each with a length of 1000 mm and a width of 500 mm. (2) Overlap the net and the water-proof sheet in the horizontal direction with an overlap allowance of 150 mm each, and weld and integrate them along the vertical direction with a welding machine so that the welded part has a width of 40 mm within the overlap allowance. The part to be used as the test piece is cut out from the above overlap allowance part. When preparing a test piece in the shearing direction, the 150 mm overlap part is joined at a position such that it becomes a 50 mm wide non-welded part, a 40 mm wide welded part, and a 60 mm non-welded part. When preparing a test piece in the peeling direction, the overlapping part of 150 mm is joined at positions where it consists of a non-welded part with a width of 70 mm, a welded part with a width of 40 mm, and a non-welded part with a width of 40 mm. (3) Subsequently, a strip-shaped test piece with a length of 150 mm in the longitudinal direction and a width of 25 mm in the transverse direction is prepared such that the overlapping part of the net and the water barrier sheet has the transverse direction (the width direction of the overlapping length) as the longitudinal direction and the longitudinal direction (the welding direction by the welding machine) as the transverse direction. That is, the 150 mm in the longitudinal direction of the test piece corresponds to the 150 mm of the overlapping part described above, and the test piece has a structure in which the non-welded part, the welded part, and the non-welded part are consecutive along the longitudinal direction.

[0107] 2. Tensile test in the shear direction The tensile test piece in the shear direction is, as shown in Fig. 8(a), a strip-shaped test piece with a length of 150 mm in the longitudinal direction and a width of 25 mm where the net and the water barrier sheet overlap, and it has a non-welded part with a width of 50 mm, a welded part with a width of 40 mm, and a non-welded part of 60 mm in the longitudinal direction. A tensile test is performed such that a load is applied to the test piece in the longitudinal direction. As shown in Fig. 8(b), the water barrier sheet of the non-welded part with a width of 50 mm is clamped by the lower chuck of the tensile testing machine, and the net of the non-welded part with a width of 60 mm is clamped by the upper chuck of the tensile testing machine. A tensile test is performed under the following conditions, the load (N) when the net breaks is read, and the tensile strength (N / cm), which is the strength at the time of breakage, is calculated. The test was conducted in accordance with JIS K 6850, with a chuck distance of 90 mm and a tensile speed of 50 mm / min. The average value of three such test pieces was used as the tensile strength. In the actual installation state, if the load due to the self-weight of the water barrier sheet, waste, and thermal shrinkage of the water barrier sheet becomes excessive for the welded part of the water barrier sheet and the net, the water barrier sheet will be stretched and deformed. On the other hand, the net supports the water barrier sheet that deforms up to a certain point, but breaks when it can no longer withstand the load. Therefore, in this shear direction test, the load when the net breaks becomes the welding strength with respect to the load at the joint part of the net and the water barrier sheet.

[0108] 3. Calculation of Tensile Strength The tensile strength is obtained by reading the load (N) at the break of the test piece and calculating it according to the following formula. T B =P B / W Note that T B : Tensile strength (N / cm), P B : Load at break of the test piece (N), W: Width of the test piece = 2.5 cm. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0109] 4. Tensile Test in the Peeling Direction As shown in Fig. 9(a), the tensile test piece in the peeling direction is a strip-shaped test piece with a length of 150 mm in the longitudinal direction and a width of 25 mm in the transverse direction, where the net and the water barrier sheet overlap. In the longitudinal direction, it has a non-welded part with a width of 70 mm, a welded part with a width of 40 mm, and a non-welded part with a width of 40 mm. A tensile test is performed on the test piece with a load applied in the longitudinal direction. As shown in Fig. 9(b), the net of the 70-mm-wide non-welded part is clamped by the lower chuck of the tensile testing machine, and the water barrier sheet of the 70-mm-wide non-welded part is clamped by the upper chuck of the tensile testing machine. A tensile test is performed under the following conditions, and the load (N) at the break of the net is read, and the tensile strength (N / cm), which is the strength at the break, is calculated. The test complied with JIS K 6850, and the tensile test was performed with a chuck distance of 90 mm and a tensile speed of 50 mm / min. Three test pieces with the above dimensions were used, and the average value was taken as the tensile strength. In the actual installation state, when the net and the water barrier sheet receive a force in the peeling direction, the water barrier sheet is stretched and elongated. On the other hand, the net can withstand a certain amount of load, but when it can no longer withstand the load, it breaks, causing the joint between the net and the water barrier sheet to come off, and the water barrier sheet is affected by the wind and flutters. That is, the load at the break of the net is the maximum welding strength at which the water barrier sheet does not flutter (vibrate) in the wind. Therefore, in this test in the peeling direction, the load at the break of the net indicates the strength in the peeling direction between the net and the water barrier sheet and becomes the welding strength. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0110]

Table 2

[0111] In each of the above tests in the shearing direction and the peeling direction, rupture of the net was confirmed in all cases. Based on the tensile strength at break in the tensile test in the shearing direction, the weld between the water barrier sheet and the net was evaluated for its resistance to the weight of the water barrier sheet, the load due to waste and heat shrinkage of the water barrier sheet. Also, based on the tensile strength at break in the tensile test in the peeling direction, the welding strength was evaluated such that the water barrier sheet does not flutter (flap) due to wind.

[0112] In conventional products, it was difficult to extend the water barrier sheet along the wall surface without creating voids, such as by joining the water barrier sheet to the non-woven fabric. However, in the present invention, by interposing a net between the non-woven fabric and the water barrier sheet and fixing this net and the non-woven fabric with anchor bolts, the water barrier sheet can be fixed along the wall surface without creating voids. Also, since the water barrier sheet is joined to the net and has the above-described shearing strength and tensile strength, it is possible to obtain the effect of preventing the water barrier sheet from peeling off the wall surface, suppressing flutter (flapping) during construction, and also obtaining the effect of suppressing breakage during landfill of waste.

[0113] 5. Height of the wall to be constructed According to the configuration of the water barrier of the present invention, it can be constructed on a wall surface such as a rock wall with a height of 1 to 50 m, and it is possible to construct on a wall surface with a gradient of 50% or more. The height of the wall surface is more preferably 1 to 40 m, and construction at a height of 10 to 30 m is even more preferable.

Explanation of reference numerals

[0114] 11… Rock wall 13… Wall surface 15… Non-woven fabric 17… Net 19… Anchor bolt 21… Water barrier sheet 22…Surface non-woven fabric 23…Water shielding body 25…Concave portion 27…Landfill space 29…Bottom surface of landfill space 31…Partition weir 33…Slope of weir 35…Bottom water shielding body 53…Bottom surface of weir 55…Second partition weir 89…Third partition weir

Claims

Claim 1 A water-blocking structure for blocking water on a wall surface having irregularities, comprising: a non-woven fabric covering the wall surface; a synthetic resin net laid on top of the non-woven fabric at least in the concave portions of the wall surface; anchor bolts cast from above the net, passing through the non-woven fabric, and fixing the non-woven fabric and the net in close contact along the wall surface; a water-blocking sheet joined by heat welding on the surface of the net to cover the net and the non-woven fabric; A water-blocking structure characterized by comprising the above. Claim 2 The water-blocking structure according to Claim 1, wherein the gradient of the wall surface is 50% or more. Claim 3 The water-blocking structure according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein a surface non-woven fabric is further spread on the water-blocking sheet. Claim 4 A non-woven fabric spreading step of spreading a non-woven fabric on a wall surface having irregularities; a net laying step of laying a synthetic resin net on top of the non-woven fabric at least in the concave portions of the wall surface after the non-woven fabric spreading step; a net / non-woven fabric fixing step of casting anchor bolts from above the net, passing them through the non-woven fabric, and fixing the non-woven fabric and the net in close contact along the uneven surface of the wall surface; a water-blocking step of spreading a water-blocking sheet from above the net and joining the net and the water-blocking sheet to cover the net and the non-woven fabric with the water-blocking sheet after the net / non-woven fabric fixing step; A water-blocking method characterized by including the above. Claim 5 The gradient of the wall surface is 50% or more, The water-blocking method according to Claim 4, wherein the non-woven fabric, the net, and the water-blocking sheet are spread down from the shoulder of the wall surface. Claim 6 The water-blocking method according to Claim 4 or 5, wherein a surface non-woven fabric is further spread on the water-blocking sheet. Claim 7 At least one of the wall surfaces forming the landfill space is a wall surface having irregularities, a non-woven fabric spreading step of spreading a non-woven fabric in at least the concave portion of the wall surface, after the non-woven fabric spreading step, a net stacking step of stacking a net made of synthetic resin on the non-woven fabric, next to the net stacking step, an anchor bolt is driven from above the net, passed through the non-woven fabric, and the non-woven fabric and the net are adhered and fixed along the uneven surface of the wall surface, after the net / non-woven fabric fixing step, a water sheet is spread from above the net, and the net and the water sheet are joined to cover the net and the non-woven fabric with the water sheet, a water shielding step is carried out to obtain a water shielding body that adheres from the toe of the slope to the heel of the slope on the wall surface in the landfill space, A partition dike is provided by embankment or cutting at the position of the bottom surface of the landfill space surrounding the landfill space except for the wall surface, The end of the bottom water shielding body laid across the dike slope surface of the partition dike facing the landfill space and the bottom surface of the landfill space is welded to the water shielding body after rising along the water shielding body from the heel of the slope, A second partition dike is provided on a part of the new bottom surface composed of the landfill waste and the upper surface of the partition dike by filling the landfill space with waste, and the bottom surface and the dike slope surface of the dike are covered with a non-woven fabric and a water sheet, The waste is filled up to the upper end of the second partition dike using the water shielding body as it is, A disposal site construction method characterized in that new waste is stacked and filled in a newly defined landfill space by providing, while gradually shifting the subsequent third partition dike and the like obtained in the same manner toward the landfill space side.

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