Method for producing animal and plant raw material extractive, animal and plant raw material extractive, and method for adjusting extract component of animal and plant raw material extractive

Abstract

To provide a method for producing an animal and plant raw material extractive which can simply and efficiently produce an animal and plant extractive that contains an extract component derived from an animal and plant raw material and a dehydration reaction product of the extract component and has the enriched dehydration reaction product, an animal and plant raw material extractive produced by the production method and a method for adjusting an extract component of an animal and plant raw material extractive.SOLUTION: A method for producing an animal and plant raw material extractive, which contains an extract component derived from an animal and plant raw material and a dehydration reaction product of the extract component and has the enriched dehydration reaction product, subjects an animal and plant raw material to pressurization and extraction with hot water using organic solvent-containing water containing an organic solvent, thereby extracts an extract component from the animal and plant raw material, converts the extract component into a dehydration reaction product by a dehydration reaction, and thereby enriches the dehydration reaction product.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for producing an extract of animal and plant raw materials containing an extract component derived from animal and plant raw materials such as ginger and a dehydration reaction product of the extract component, an extract of animal and plant raw materials, and a method for adjusting the extract component of an extract of animal and plant raw materials.

Background Art

[0002] Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a perennial herb of the Zingiberaceae family native to tropical Asia and has been widely used as a spice around the world since ancient times. Ginger is also used as a crude drug, such as ginger (shokyo) obtained by drying the rhizome of fresh ginger as it is, or dried ginger (kankyo) obtained by drying after blanching or steaming. Gingerol and shogaol are known as functional components contained in ginger. Gingerol has the effect of expanding blood vessels and improving blood flow, spreading the heat deep in the body to the extremities such as hands and feet, and improving coldness in the extremities. Shogaol stimulates the walls of the gastrointestinal tract, increases blood circulation, and produces heat from the center of the body, and is known to have the effect of improving coldness with low body temperature. Fresh ginger contains a lot of gingerol and only a small amount of shogaol, but it is known that a dehydration reaction occurs by heating, drying, etc., and gingerol is converted to shogaol.

[0003] Several methods for enriching shogaol have been reported. For example, a method of aging for 120 to 500 hours under the conditions of 30 to 90°C (Patent Document 1), a method of heating at 100 to 130°C for 24 to 60 hours after obtaining an extract containing a lot of gingerol from ginger (Patent Document 2), a method of heating at 110 to 150°C for 1 to 8.5 hours in the presence of an organic acid such as citric acid (Patent Document 3), and a method of subjecting a gingerol-containing substance obtained from ginger to subcritical water treatment at 120 to 250°C for 10 seconds to 60 minutes (Patent Document 4) have been proposed.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0004]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Patent Document 3

Patent Document 4

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] However, there was a problem that the extraction time was long in the methods of Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2. Further, in the method of Patent Document 3, since an organic acid is used, processes such as neutralization are required, and in the method of Patent Document 4, a separate extraction step of gingerol is required before the high-temperature treatment, and there was a problem that the number of steps increased and the work became complicated. Therefore, there has been a demand for a method for enriching shogaol more simply and efficiently than before.

[0006] An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an extract of animal and plant raw materials, which can simply and efficiently produce an extract of animal and plant raw materials containing an extraction component derived from animal and plant raw materials and a dehydration reaction product of the extraction component, such as a ginger extract containing gingerol and shogaol and enriched with shogaol, an extract of animal and plant raw materials produced by the production method, and a method for adjusting an extraction component of an extract of animal and plant raw materials.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0007] The method for producing an extract of animal and plant raw materials according to the present invention is a method for producing an extract of animal and plant raw materials containing an extraction component derived from the animal and plant raw materials and a dehydration reaction product of the extraction component, and in which the dehydration reaction product is enriched. The method is characterized in that the animal and plant raw materials are subjected to pressurized hot water extraction using organic solvent-containing water containing an organic solvent to extract the extraction component from the animal and plant raw materials, and the dehydration reaction product is enriched by converting the extraction component into the dehydration reaction product by a dehydration reaction. In the method for producing an extract of animal and plant raw materials, the animal and plant raw materials originally contain the extraction component and the dehydration reaction product, and by pressurized hot water extraction using the organic solvent-containing water, the amount of the dehydration reaction product can be increased compared to the amount originally contained in the animal and plant raw materials. In the method for producing an extract of animal and plant raw materials, the extraction component can be configured to be a fat-soluble component. In the method for producing an extract of animal and plant raw materials, the animal and plant raw materials are fresh ginger, heated ginger, dried ginger, ginger juice, or ginger pomace, and the gingerol as the extraction component is converted into shogaol as the dehydration reaction product by pressurized hot water extraction using the organic solvent-containing water, so that the shogaol can be enriched. In the method for producing an extract of animal and plant raw materials, the animal and plant raw materials can be subjected to pressurized hot water extraction with the organic solvent-containing water at a pressure higher than 0.1 MPa and not exceeding 2.5 MPa and an extraction time not exceeding 60 minutes. In the method for producing an extract of animal and plant raw materials, the organic solvent-containing water can be configured to contain an organic solvent in a proportion of 5% by weight or more and 90% by weight or less. In the method for producing an extract of animal and plant raw materials, the animal and plant raw materials can be subjected to pressurized hot water extraction with the organic solvent-containing water at a temperature of 120 to 250 °C. In the method for producing an extract of animal and plant raw materials, before subjecting the animal and plant raw materials to pressurized hot water extraction, a drying treatment of the animal and plant raw materials can be performed. In the method for producing the extract from animal and plant raw materials, the water containing an organic solvent can be configured to contain ethanol, methanol, or butylene glycol as the organic solvent. In the method for producing the extract from animal and plant raw materials, the animal and plant raw materials as they are or the animal and plant raw materials dried only can be subjected to pressurized hot water extraction using only the water containing an organic solvent. The extract from animal and plant raw materials according to the present invention is an extract from animal and plant raw materials containing an extraction component derived from the animal and plant raw materials and a dehydration reaction product of the extraction component, and the dehydration reaction product is enriched. By subjecting the extraction component extracted from the animal and plant raw materials to a dehydration reaction to be converted into the dehydration reaction product by pressurized hot water extraction using water containing an organic solvent, the dehydration reaction product is enriched. In the above extract from animal and plant raw materials, the animal and plant raw materials are fresh ginger, heated ginger, dried ginger, ginger juice, or ginger pomace, and the extraction component, gingerol, is converted into shogaol, the dehydration reaction product, by pressurized hot water extraction using the water containing an organic solvent, so that the shogaol can be enriched. In the above extract from animal and plant raw materials, pressurized hot water extraction can be performed at a temperature of 160°C or lower so as to contain more shogaol than gingerol. The method for adjusting the extraction components of the extract from animal and plant raw materials according to the present invention is a method for adjusting the components of the extract from animal and plant raw materials extracted from animal and plant raw materials. When performing pressurized hot water extraction of the animal and plant raw materials with water containing an organic solvent, by adjusting the extraction pressure, extraction temperature, extraction time, or the ratio of the organic solvent in the water containing an organic solvent, the content ratio of the extraction component derived from the animal and plant raw materials and the dehydration reaction product of the extraction component is adjusted.

Advantages of the Invention

[0008] The present invention can simply and efficiently produce an extract from animal and plant raw materials that contains an extraction component derived from the animal and plant raw materials and a dehydration reaction product of the extraction component and is enriched with the dehydration reaction product by subjecting the animal and plant raw materials to pressurized hot water extraction with water containing an organic solvent.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0009]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0010] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described. The present invention relates to an extract of animal and plant raw materials containing an extracted component derived from animal and plant raw materials and a dehydration reaction product of the extracted component, and in the following, embodiments of the present invention will be described using ginger as the animal and plant raw material. Specifically, in ginger containing gingerol and shogaol, which are fat-soluble extracted components, by converting gingerol into shogaol by a dehydration reaction, an example of a ginger extract (also referred to as a ginger extract or a shogaol-containing composition) in which shogaol, which is a dehydration reaction product, is enriched will be used to describe the embodiments of the present invention. In the present invention, "enrichment" includes not only increasing the components originally contained in the animal and plant raw materials, but also increasing components that the animal and plant raw materials do not originally contain. In the present invention, the animal and plant raw materials are not limited to plants such as ginger and may be animals. In the present invention, the plant is not limited to edible plants and may include inedible plants. Furthermore, in the present invention, the "dehydration reaction" can also refer to a reaction in which a water molecule is eliminated intramolecularly or intermolecularly, but it can also be meant to mean a reaction in which a water molecule is eliminated within a single molecule without including dehydration condensation in which a water molecule is eliminated between two molecules.

[0011] Ginger contains pungent components such as gingerol and shogaol. Most of the pungent components contained in raw ginger are gingerol, and only a very small amount of shogaol is contained. Here, gingerol includes 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, etc., and 6-gingerol is the main component. On the other hand, shogaol can be produced by converting each gingerol into 6-shogaol, 8-shogaol, 10-shogaol through dehydration reaction by drying or heating. Also in shogaol, 6-shogaol converted from 6-gingerol is the main component. Therefore, in the present invention, "gingerol" is considered to include 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, and 10-gingerol, and "shogaol" is considered to include 6-shogaol, 8-shogaol, and 10-shogaol.

[0012] The ginger used as a raw material in the present invention refers to ginger (Zingiber officinale) belonging to the genus Zingiber of the family Zingiberaceae. The variety of ginger is not particularly limited, and examples include large ginger such as otafuku ginger and Omi ginger, medium ginger such as Sanjo ginger and yellow ginger, and small ginger such as Kintoki ginger and Tanaka ginger. Mainly the rhizome is used as ginger. Raw or dried ginger that has been minced or ground is used. Furthermore, waste products such as line loss products and pomace discharged during the production of processed ginger products (such as ginger paste and ginger juice) can be used as raw materials.

[0013] The ginger extract used in the present invention is an extract extracted from one or more ginger raw materials selected from the group consisting of fresh ginger, heated ginger such as steamed or boiled ginger, dried ginger, ginger squeezed juice, or ginger squeezed pulp. The ginger extract may be in a liquid state, a paste state, or a dried powder or solid state. For example, the ginger extract used in the present invention may be a filtrate obtained by filtering an extract obtained by subjecting a ginger raw material to pressurized hot water extraction to remove the solid content of the ginger raw material, or a liquid extract containing the solid content of the ginger raw material.

[0014] In addition, the fresh ginger, heated ginger, dried ginger, and ginger squeezed pulp of the raw material may be in any form, but are preferably in a minced or pulverized form. Ginger is a plant composed of rhizomes, stems, and leaves. As the extraction part, any part of the plant body can be used as long as it contains gingerol, and the whole ginger plant may be used. Among them, it is preferable to use rhizomes rich in gingerol.

[0015] Also, the raw material ginger may be refrigerated or frozen. The dried ginger may be obtained by drying fresh ginger, heated ginger, or ginger squeezed pulp. The dried ginger can be obtained by known methods, for example, natural drying, hot air drying, freeze drying, vacuum drying, fluidized bed drying, spray drying, and low temperature drying.

[0016] Furthermore, the minced or pulverized ginger of the raw material can be obtained by mincing or pulverizing ginger by known methods. The methods of mincing and pulverizing are not particularly limited, and examples include methods using mincing and pulverizing treatment devices such as mixers, mascolloiders, comminution rolls, and silent cutters. The particle size of the minced or pulverized ginger is not particularly limited, but is preferably 3 mm or less, more preferably 1 mm or less, and even more preferably 0.15 mm or less. Since the smaller the particle size, the larger the surface area, the lower limit is not critical.

[0017] In this embodiment, ginger as a raw material is subjected to pressurized hot water extraction with water containing an organic solvent to produce a ginger extract enriched with gingerol. The organic solvent is not particularly limited, but an organic solvent used in food production or cosmetic production is preferred. As such an organic solvent, for example, methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, hexane, butylene glycol, etc. can be used, and preferably, methanol, ethanol, or butylene glycol can be used. Also, when the use of the ginger extract is for cosmetics, butylene glycol can be used as the organic solvent, and when it is for food, ethanol can be used, etc., and the type of the organic solvent can be changed according to the use. Further, the ratio of the organic solvent in the water containing the organic solvent is not particularly limited, but it can be configured to contain 5% by weight or more of the organic solvent, preferably it can be configured to contain 10% by weight or more of the organic solvent, more preferably it can be configured to contain 30% by weight or more of the organic solvent. The upper limit of the organic solvent in the water containing the organic solvent is not particularly limited, but it can be configured to contain 90% by weight or less of the organic solvent, preferably it can be configured to contain 80% by weight or less of the organic solvent, more preferably it can be configured to contain 60% by weight or less of the organic solvent, and even more preferably it can be configured to contain 40% by weight or less of the organic solvent. Also, the addition amount of the water containing the organic solvent to the ginger as the raw material is not particularly limited, but 100 parts by weight or more, preferably 500 parts by weight or more, more preferably 1000 parts by weight or more of the water containing the organic solvent can be added per 100 parts by weight of ginger. The upper limit of the addition amount of the water containing the organic solvent is not particularly limited, but 10000 parts by weight or less, preferably 5000 parts by weight or less, more preferably 3000 parts by weight or less of the water containing the organic solvent can be added per 100 parts by weight of ginger. When the ginger as the raw material is dried ginger, for example, it is preferable to add 1000 parts by weight or more and 3000 parts by weight or less of the water containing the organic solvent per 100 parts by weight of ginger. Also, in this embodiment, by adjusting the ratio of the organic solvent in the water containing the organic solvent and the addition amount of the water containing the organic solvent, the content ratios of gingerol and gingerol in the ginger extract can be adjusted.

[0018] In the pressurized hot water extraction process, raw ginger is added to water containing an organic solvent, and the water containing the organic solvent is heated under pressurized conditions. The conditions for the pressurized hot water extraction process are not particularly limited, but preferably the following conditions are disclosed. Specifically, the extraction temperature is preferably 120 to 250°C, more preferably 140 to 220°C, and even more preferably 160 to 180°C. In particular, in the manufacturing method according to this embodiment, even at a relatively low extraction temperature of 140°C, gingerol can be extracted at an efficiency of 1 mg or more per 1 g of ginger raw material, and at 160°C, more gingerol can be extracted than zingerone. Also, the extraction time is not particularly limited, but gingerol can be extracted with high efficiency even in a short extraction time of 60 minutes or less, and preferably, the extraction time can be 30 to 60 minutes. However, the extraction time can also be 60 minutes or more. Furthermore, the extraction pressure is not particularly limited, and for example, it is preferably 0.1 to 10 MPa, and more preferably 0.5 to 5 MPa. Also, gingerol can be sufficiently enriched even at a pressure lower than 3 MPa, and it is preferably higher than 0.1 MPa and 2.5 MPa or less, and more preferably 0.9 to 2.3 MPa. As a specific process, raw ginger is added to water containing an organic solvent, and pressurization and heating are performed using a pressurized hot water extraction apparatus or the like until the above extraction pressure and extraction temperature are reached. Then, the raw ginger is subjected to pressurized hot water extraction using the water containing the organic solvent for the above extraction time, and after the above extraction time has elapsed, it is cooled. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the extract obtained by pressurized hot water extraction is filtered, and the water-containing organic solvent is removed from the filtrate using an evaporator or the like and the filtrate is concentrated to obtain a concentrated extract as a ginger extract. Note that an extract containing solid matter cooled after pressurized hot water extraction may be obtained as a ginger extract, or a filtrate obtained by filtering the extract to remove solid matter may be obtained as a ginger extract. Also, an appropriately adjusted concentration and components of the concentrated extract of the filtrate may be obtained as a ginger extract.

[0019] The pressurized hot water extraction process can be carried out by a known method using a commercially available batch-type pressurized hot water extraction apparatus or the like. An example of the outline of this processing apparatus will be described. The sealable pressure vessel is equipped with a heater for heating, and inside the pressure vessel, a stirrer for improving processing efficiency, a thermometer for monitoring the temperature inside the vessel, and a pressure gauge are provided. In addition, a nitrogen gas injection line for injecting nitrogen gas may be connected to the pressure vessel, and a cooling water tank for cooling may be provided outside the pressure vessel.

[0020] An example of the processing step of the mixture by the processing apparatus configured as described above will be described. Put the ginger raw material and an appropriate amount of water containing an organic solvent into the pressure vessel and seal it. Then, stir with a stirrer and heat to a predetermined temperature and pressure with a heater for heating while monitoring the temperature with a thermometer. In this embodiment, the pressure vessel is sealed, and the internal air is heated and expanded by the heater for heating, so that the inside of the vessel can be brought into a pressurized state. Also, nitrogen gas may be injected into the pressure vessel through the nitrogen gas injection line to increase the initial pressure inside the vessel in advance. By increasing the internal pressure, boiling of the mixture on the inner wall surface of the heated pressure vessel can be suppressed. After a predetermined temperature and / or time has elapsed, cool the entire pressure vessel. After confirming that the internal temperature of the pressure vessel has sufficiently dropped by cooling, open the lid of the pressure vessel and take out the processed product.

[0021] In this embodiment, the solvent put into the pressure vessel is, for example, water containing an organic solvent composed only of water and ethanol, and the treatment can be carried out safely. In addition, since organic acids, emulsifiers, hydrolytic enzymes, etc. are not used, post-treatment steps such as neutralization are not required, and the production efficiency of the ginger extract can be increased. Furthermore, since it is a high-temperature and high-pressure treatment, the ginger extract is in a sterilized and disinfected state.

[0022] In this embodiment, it is characterized by subjecting the ginger raw material to pressurized hot water extraction. However, before performing the pressurized hot water extraction treatment, it can be configured to perform a drying treatment on the ginger. The method of the drying treatment is not particularly limited, and the above-described drying methods can be used. Also, without performing the drying treatment on the ginger raw material, or after removing only the moisture adhering to the surface with a dehydrator or the like, it can be configured to perform the pressurized hot water extraction treatment. Note that since the extraction efficiency of gingerol is high for the dried ginger that has undergone the drying treatment, it is preferable to perform the drying treatment on the ginger in advance.

[0023] Also, in this embodiment, gingerol is extracted without using an organic acid. In this embodiment, sufficient gingerol can be obtained without using an organic acid, and by not using an organic acid, the neutralization step of the organic acid can be omitted, and the manufacturing process can be simplified. Also, in this embodiment, gingerol is extracted without adding an emulsifier or a hydrolase. In this embodiment, sufficient gingerol can be obtained without using an emulsifier or a hydrolase, and by not using an emulsifier or a hydrolase, the ginger can be heated at a high temperature, and as a result, the extraction efficiency of gingerol can be increased. Further, in this embodiment, gingerol is directly extracted from the raw material ginger without performing the extraction step of gingerol in advance. In this embodiment, without performing the extraction step of gingerol, a ginger extract enriched with gingerol can be produced in a simple process by the pressurized hot water extraction treatment using water containing an organic solvent.

[0024] The ginger extract thus obtained (also referred to as ginger extract or a composition containing gingerol) has the gingerol contained in the raw ginger efficiently converted into gingerol. In particular, in the present embodiment, by subjecting ginger to pressurized hot water extraction with an organic solvent-containing water containing an organic solvent, gingerol can be converted into gingerol more efficiently than in conventional heat treatment. In a preferred example, 30% or more of the initially contained gingerol is converted into gingerol, in a more preferred example, 50% or more of the initially contained gingerol is converted into gingerol, in a still more preferred example, 70% or more of the initially contained gingerol is converted into gingerol, and in a particularly preferred example, 90% or more of the initially contained gingerol is converted into gingerol.

[0025] Further, in the method for producing a ginger extract according to the present embodiment, gingerol can be enriched with high efficiency. Specifically, a ginger extract containing 1 mg or more of gingerol per 1 g of ginger raw material, or 5 mg or more of gingerol per 1 g of ginger raw material, preferably 10 mg or more of gingerol per 1 g of ginger raw material, and more preferably 15 mg or more of gingerol per 1 g of ginger raw material can be produced. Further, the ginger extract produced in the present embodiment can contain 5 mg or more of gingerol per 100 ml of the extract which is the ginger extract, or 10 mg or more of gingerol per 100 ml of the extract, preferably 20 mg or more of gingerol per 100 ml of the extract, and more preferably 40 mg or more of gingerol per 100 ml of the extract. Further, in the method for producing a ginger extract according to the present embodiment, a ginger extract containing more gingerol than gingerol can be produced. More specifically, a ginger extract containing 3 times or more of gingerol than gingerol, preferably 5 times or more of gingerol than gingerol, and more preferably 10 times or more of gingerol than gingerol can be produced.

[0026] Incidentally, the ginger extract (ginger extract or gingerol-containing composition) obtained as described above may be used as it is, may be diluted for use, may be concentrated by concentration under reduced pressure or the like for use, or may be used as a dry powder. By ingesting the thus obtained ginger extract by humans or animals, effects such as blood circulation promotion, suppression of body temperature decrease, body temperature maintenance effect, improvement of immunity, weight loss, anti-inflammation, analgesia, etc. can be expected. The obtained ginger extract can be used in foods, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, quasi-drugs, functional foods, dietary supplements, supplements, health foods, veterinary drugs, veterinary quasi-drugs, veterinary functional foods, veterinary dietary supplements, veterinary supplements, or veterinary health foods, etc.

[0027] In addition, the obtained ginger extract may be used alone, or, if necessary, excipients, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, stabilizers, surfactants, solubilizers, reducing agents, buffers, adsorbents, fluidizing agents, antistatic agents, antioxidants, sweeteners, flavoring agents, cooling agents, light-shielding agents, flavoring agents, fragrances, aromatic agents, coating agents, plasticizers, etc. that are usually used in products may be added and used. The product form of the obtained extract is not particularly limited, and examples include liquid (solution), syrup (syrup), powder (granules, fine granules), tablets (tablets, tablets), capsules (capsules), soft capsules (soft capsules), solid, semi-liquid (jelly), cream, paste, etc.

[0028] The intake amount of the ginger extract is not particularly limited, and it is known that it can be appropriately determined according to the gender, age, physique, etc. of the intake person. In particular, as an effective intake amount, the intake amount of gingerol is preferably 0.3 to 50 mg, more preferably 1 to 10 mg per day for adults. It can be taken once or several times a day, or can be taken at any period and interval.

Examples

[0029] Examples of ginger extracts according to the present embodiment will be described below. In Test Example 1, ginger extracts were produced with the extraction temperature in the pressurized hot water extraction process uniformly set at 180°C. In Test Example 2, ginger extracts were produced with the extraction temperature in the pressurized hot water extraction process varied within the range of 140 to 220°C. Details of each test example will be described below.

[0030] 《Test Example 1》 Table 1 below shows the form of the ginger raw material, the method for producing the ginger extract (drying method, extraction method, extraction conditions), and the measurement results of the ginger extract in Test Example 1.

Table 1

[0031] (Preparation of Dried Ginger) In Test Example 1, first, commercially available minced ginger or ginger pomace was dried by hot air drying, or vacuum microwave drying and hot air drying to prepare dried ginger. Specifically, as shown in Table 1 above, in Examples 1, 2, 9 and Comparative Example 2, minced ginger was used, and in Examples 3 to 8 and Comparative Example 1, ginger pomace was used. In Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, ginger was dried by hot air drying, and in Examples 8 and 9, after vacuum microwave drying, hot air drying was performed to dry the ginger. Note that for hot air drying, the ginger was dried with hot air at a temperature of 80°C for 1 hour, and for vacuum microwave drying, the ginger was irradiated with microwaves for 1 hour under a reduced pressure of -90 kPa so that the furnace temperature became 45°C.

[0032] (Extraction Method of Gingerol and Shogaol) Furthermore, in Test Example 1, the prepared dried ginger was added to water containing an organic solvent composed of ion-exchanged water, ion-exchanged water and ethanol (EtOH), water containing an organic solvent composed of ion-exchanged water and methanol (MeOH), or water containing an organic solvent composed of ion-exchanged water and butylene glycol (BG), and subjected to pressurized hot water extraction treatment at an extraction pressure of 1.4 to 1.6 MPa and an extraction temperature of 180°C for 60 minutes to extract gingerol and shogaol. Then, the solid content contained in the extract was filtered to obtain the filtrate as a ginger extract. The dried ginger was 5 g, and the solvent amount for the pressurized hot water extraction treatment with respect to the raw material was 100 ml. Also, in this Test Example 1, as the pressurized hot water extraction treatment apparatus, "High Pressure Micro Reactor MMJ500" manufactured by OM Labotech Co., Ltd. was used.

[0033] Specifically, in Examples 1 and 3, pressurized hot water extraction treatment was carried out for 60 minutes under the conditions of 180°C and 1.4 MPa using water containing an organic solvent with ion-exchanged water:ethanol (EtOH) being 7:3. In Example 2, pressurized hot water extraction treatment was carried out for 60 minutes under the conditions of 180°C and 1.5 MPa using water containing an organic solvent with ion-exchanged water:ethanol being 6:4. In Examples 4 and 8, pressurized hot water extraction treatment was carried out for 60 minutes under the conditions of 180°C and 1.6 MPa using water containing an organic solvent with ion-exchanged water:ethanol being 6:4. In Example 5, pressurized hot water extraction treatment was carried out for 60 minutes under the conditions of 180°C and 1.6 MPa using water containing an organic solvent with ion-exchanged water:ethanol being 5:5. In Example 6, pressurized hot water extraction treatment was carried out for 60 minutes under the conditions of 180°C and 1.7 MPa using water containing an organic solvent with ion-exchanged water:ethanol being 4:6. In Example 7, pressurized hot water extraction treatment was carried out for 60 minutes under the conditions of 180°C and 1.6 MPa using water containing an organic solvent with ion-exchanged water:methanol (MeOH) being 6:4. In Example 9, pressurized hot water extraction treatment was carried out for 60 minutes under the conditions of 180°C and 1.4 MPa using water containing an organic solvent with ion-exchanged water:butylene glycol (BG) being 7:3. And in each example, the extract after the pressurized hot water extraction treatment was filtered using the filter paper specified in the second type of JIS P 3801, and the filtrate was obtained as the ginger extract according to Examples 1 to 9 (the same applies to other examples and comparative examples).

[0034] Also, in Test Example 1, as Comparative Example 1, a ginger extract was obtained by carrying out pressurized hot water extraction treatment for 60 minutes under the conditions of 180°C and 0.9 MPa using only ion-exchanged water. Further, as Comparative Example 2, a ginger extract was obtained by carrying out solvent extraction treatment for 60 minutes under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions using water containing an organic solvent with ion-exchanged water:ethanol being 2:8.

[0035] (Measurement of 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol contents) 1 mL of the ginger extracts of Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 obtained was diluted to 2 mL with 1 mL of acetonitrile to prepare a sample for measurement. Then, 20 μL of the sample for measurement was injected into HPLC, and 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol were measured. The quantitative values of both 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol were calculated based on the calibration curve prepared using a standard product (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.). The HPLC analysis conditions are as follows.

[0036] [HPLC Analysis Conditions] Apparatus: UltiMate 3000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific K.K.) Column: InertSustain C18, 2.1×150 mm (Agilent Technologies, Inc.) Flow rate: 0.2 mL / min Temperature: 40 °C Detection: UV = 280 nm Solvent: A = 0.1% aqueous acetic acid solution, B = acetonitrile solution, C = ultrapure water Gradient: A / B / C (%) 5 / 0 / 95 → 5 / 95 / 0 (30 min), 5 / 95 / 0 (7 min), 5 / 95 / 0 → 5 / 0 / 95 (0.1 min), 5 / 0 / 95 (7 min) Elution time of 6-gingerol: 23.6 minutes Elution time of 6-shogaol: 27.8 minutes

[0037] Table 1 and FIG. 1 show the contents of gingerol and shogaol extracted as examples and comparative examples. In Table 1, in addition to the contents of gingerol and shogaol per 1 g of ginger raw material, the contents of gingerol and shogaol per 100 ml of the ginger extract (ginger extract) prepared in Test Example 1 above, and the contents of gingerol and shogaol per soluble solid obtained by drying the ginger extract and removing water containing an organic solvent are also shown. Further, FIG. 1 is a graph showing the contents (mg) of gingerol and shogaol per 1 g of the ginger raw material shown in Table 1. Note that a high content of gingerol and shogaol per soluble solid indicates a high concentration of gingerol and shogaol in all components extracted from the ginger raw material.

[0038] As shown in Table 1 and FIG. 1 above, in Comparative Example 1 in which the ginger raw material was extracted with pressurized hot water without using an organic solvent, the shogaol per 1 g of the ginger raw material was 0.1 mg. Further, in Comparative Example 2 in which an organic solvent was used but the ginger raw material was extracted at normal temperature and normal pressure, the shogaol per 1 g of the ginger raw material was not detectable. Thus, in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in which pressurized hot water treatment using water containing an organic solvent was not performed, the content of shogaol per 1 g of the ginger raw material was 0.5 g or less, and the content was low.

[0039] In contrast, in Examples 1 to 9, the gingerol per 1 g of ginger raw material was as high as 1 mg or more. Specifically, in Example 1, the gingerol per 1 g of ginger raw material was 4.02 mg, in Example 2, the gingerol per 1 g of ginger raw material was 8.11 mg, in Example 3, the gingerol per 1 g of ginger raw material was 6.42 mg, in Example 4, the gingerol per 1 g of ginger raw material was 17.89 mg, in Example 5, the gingerol per 1 g of ginger raw material was 16.87 mg, in Example 6, the gingerol per 1 g of ginger raw material was 19.93 mg, in Example 7, the gingerol per 1 g of ginger raw material was 6.71 mg, in Example 8, the gingerol per 1 g of ginger raw material was 16.68 mg, and in Example 9, the gingerol per 1 g of ginger raw material was 3.03 mg.

[0040] Also, from Test Example 1, it was found that the higher the proportion of the organic solvent in the organic solvent-containing water, the higher the extraction efficiency of gingerol tended to be. Also, compared with Comparative Example 1 without using an organic solvent, in Examples 1 to 9 using organic solvent-containing water containing organic solvents such as butylene glycol, methanol, and ethanol, the extraction efficiency of gingerol was increased. In particular, when comparing Examples 7 to 9 with different types of organic solvents, the extraction efficiency of gingerol was the highest in Example 8 using organic solvent-containing water containing ethanol, the extraction efficiency of gingerol was the second highest in Example 7 using organic solvent-containing water containing methanol, and the extraction efficiency of gingerol was the next highest in Example 9 using organic solvent-containing water containing butylene glycol. Furthermore, as the form of the raw material ginger, it was found that using squeezed ginger residue resulted in a higher extraction efficiency of gingerol than shredded ginger.

[0041] 《Test Example 2》 In Test Example 2, the heating temperature in the pressurized hot water extraction treatment was changed within the range of 140 to 220°C to prepare ginger extracts. Table 2 below shows the form of the ginger raw material, the manufacturing method of the ginger extract (drying method, extraction method, extraction conditions), and the measurement results of the ginger extract in Test Example 2. In Test Example 2, as an example of the pressurized hot water extraction treatment at 180°C, Example 4 exemplified in Test Example 1 is described, but its description will be omitted hereinafter.

Table 2

[0042] In Test Example 2, first, dried ginger was prepared in the same manner as in Test Example 1. Specifically, as shown in Table 2 above, in Examples 10 to 12, minced ginger was used, and in Examples 13 to 17, ginger pomace was used. In Examples 10 to 12, the ginger was dried by hot air drying, and in Examples 13 to 17, after performing microwave vacuum drying, hot air drying was performed to dry the ginger. The methods of hot air drying and vacuum microwave drying were the same as those in Test Example 1.

[0043] Furthermore, in Test Example 2, the prepared dried ginger was added to water containing an organic solvent composed of ion-exchanged water and ethanol, and subjected to pressurized hot water extraction at 0.5 to 3.2 MPa and 140 to 220°C for 60 minutes.

[0044] Specifically, in Example 10, pressurized hot water extraction was carried out for 60 minutes under the conditions of 0.5 MPa and 140 °C using water containing an organic solvent with ion-exchanged water:ethanol being 7:3. In Example 11, pressurized hot water extraction was carried out for 60 minutes under the conditions of 0.9 MPa and 160 °C using water containing an organic solvent with ion-exchanged water:ethanol being 7:3. In Example 12, pressurized hot water extraction was carried out for 60 minutes under the conditions of 0.9 MPa and 160 °C using water containing an organic solvent with ion-exchanged water:ethanol being 6:4. In Example 13, pressurized hot water extraction was carried out for 15 minutes under the conditions of 2.3 MPa and 200 °C using water containing an organic solvent with ion-exchanged water:ethanol being 6:4. In Example 14, pressurized hot water extraction was carried out for 30 minutes under the conditions of 2.3 MPa and 200 °C using water containing an organic solvent with ion-exchanged water:ethanol being 6:4. In Example 15, pressurized hot water extraction was carried out for 60 minutes under the conditions of 2.3 MPa and 200 °C using water containing an organic solvent with ion-exchanged water:ethanol being 6:4. In Example 16, pressurized hot water extraction was carried out while raising the temperature from room temperature to 220 °C at a constant rate for 34 minutes under the condition of 3.2 MPa using water containing an organic solvent with ion-exchanged water:ethanol being 6:4 (described as an extraction time of 0 minutes in Table 2). In Example 17, pressurized hot water extraction was carried out for 15 minutes under the conditions of 3.2 MPa and 220 °C using water containing an organic solvent with ion-exchanged water:ethanol being 6:4. In Test Example 2 as well, 5 g of dried ginger was used, and the solvent amount for the pressurized hot water extraction treatment with respect to the raw material was 100 ml.

[0045] Then, the extract obtained by performing the above pressurized hot water extraction was filtered using filter paper specified in the second type of JIS P 3801 to obtain ginger extracts according to Examples 10 to 17. Thereafter, in the same manner as in Test Example 1, 1 ml of the ginger extracts of Examples 10 to 17 obtained was diluted to 2 ml with 1 ml of acetonitrile and injected into HPLC to measure 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol.

[0046] Table 2 and Figure 2 show the contents of gingerol and shogaol extracted as Example 4 in Examples 10 to 17 and Test Example 1. In Table 2, similar to Table 1, the contents of gingerol and shogaol per 100 ml of the ginger extract (ginger extract) prepared in Test Example 2, and the contents of gingerol and shogaol per soluble solid obtained by drying the ginger extract and removing water containing an organic solvent are also shown. Figure 2 is a graph showing the contents of gingerol and shogaol per 1 g of the ginger raw material in Test Example 2.

[0047] As shown in Table 2 and Figure 2 above, it was found that in the pressurized hot water extraction process, the higher the extraction temperature, the higher the extraction efficiency of shogaol tends to be. However, in Test Example 2, as shown in Example 10, even at a low extraction temperature of 140°C, it was found that more than 1 g of shogaol per 1 g of the ginger raw material can be obtained with high efficiency. Furthermore, as shown in Examples 11 and 12, even at a relatively low extraction temperature of 160°C, the content of shogaol can be made higher than the content of gingerol, and by increasing the proportion of the organic solvent as in Example 12, the content of shogaol can be made more than twice that of gingerol. Thus, it was found that in the method for producing the ginger extract according to the present embodiment, shogaol can be enriched with high efficiency even in extraction at a relatively low temperature. Also, in Test Example 2, it was found that the higher the proportion of the organic solvent (ethanol) in the water containing the organic solvent, the higher the extraction efficiency of shogaol tends to be.

[0048] As described above, in the method for producing the ginger extract according to the present embodiment, raw ginger, heated ginger, dried ginger, ginger squeezed juice, or ginger squeezed pulp, which are raw materials, are subjected to pressurized hot water treatment with water containing an organic solvent, whereby a ginger extract rich in gingerol can be obtained simply and with high efficiency. That is, conventionally, there have been known methods of extracting at a relatively low temperature for a long time of one day or more, methods of heating at 110 to 150°C for 1 to 8.5 hours in the presence of an organic acid such as citric acid, and methods of subjecting ginger to subcritical water treatment at 120 to 250°C for 10 seconds to 60 minutes after obtaining a gingerol-containing substance from ginger. However, these methods have problems such as a long extraction time, the need for a neutralization step for the organic acid, and the need for a preliminary gingerol extraction step, not only being unable to enrich gingerol in a simple process but also being unable to enrich gingerol with high efficiency. In contrast, in the present embodiment, by subjecting the ginger raw material to pressurized hot water extraction using water containing an organic solvent, a synergistic effect can be obtained in which gingerol can be enriched with higher efficiency in a simpler process than before.

[0049] Also, in the present embodiment, by using water containing an organic solvent, the extraction efficiency of gingerol, which is a fat-soluble component, can be increased, and gingerol can be enriched more efficiently, so that a higher synergistic effect can be obtained. Furthermore, by making the water containing an organic solvent at high temperature and high pressure, it is known that solvent molecules with a large interaction with the solute aggregate around the solute, promoting the reaction of the interacting solvent molecules and suppressing the reaction of the non-interacting solvent molecules. Therefore, in the present embodiment, while promoting the hydrolysis of gingerol, which is a fat-soluble component with a large interaction with the high-temperature and high-pressure water containing an organic solvent, the thermal decomposition reaction of the solute with a small interaction with the high-temperature and high-pressure water containing an organic solvent is suppressed, and gingerol can be enriched while suppressing the decomposition of other active ingredients. In addition, in the present embodiment, if the temperature is higher than 140°C, even at a low extraction temperature of 160°C or lower, the content of gingerol can be made higher than the content of gingerol, and compared with the conventional method, the content of gingerol can be increased at a lower temperature, and the energy consumption for enriching gingerol can be suppressed.

[0050] Also, as shown in Test Examples 1 and 2, by adjusting the extraction pressure, extraction temperature, extraction time, and the ratio of the organic solvent in the water containing the organic solvent in the pressurized hot water extraction treatment, the content ratios of gingerol and shogaol can be adjusted to any amount. Furthermore, by using waste products such as line loss products and squeezed residues discharged during the production of processed ginger products (such as ginger paste and ginger juice) as raw materials, it is considered to be helpful for reducing food loss.

[0051] Also, in the extract of the animal and plant raw materials according to the present embodiment, since components other than the water containing the organic solvent can be derived from the animal and plant raw materials, when the water containing the organic solvent is a solvent that is relatively safe for the human body and animals such as an ethanol aqueous solution, the produced extract of the animal and plant raw materials can also be provided relatively safely to the human body and animals. In addition, in the present embodiment, the configuration may be such that components other than the water containing the organic solvent are not added, or the configuration may be such that components other than the water containing the organic solvent such as a preservative are added as necessary. Also, when the organic solvent is volatile, the organic solvent can be volatilized at a high temperature to provide an extract of the animal and plant raw materials that does not contain the organic solvent.

[0052] As described above, the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described. However, the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the description of the above embodiments. Various changes and improvements can be made to the above embodiments, and forms with such changes or improvements are also included in the technical scope of the present invention.

[0053] For example, in the above-described embodiment, the ginger extract using ginger as a raw material of animals and plants was exemplified and described. However, in the present invention, the raw material of animals and plants is not limited to ginger. The present invention can also be applied to animals and plants that can produce an extract of animals and plants enriched with dehydration reaction products by converting the extraction components contained in the animals and plants raw materials into dehydration reaction products by dehydration reaction through pressurized hot water extraction using organic solvent-containing water containing an organic solvent. For example, using such an animal and plant raw material as olive, in the same manner as in the above-described embodiment, the sorbitol contained in the olive is extracted by pressurized hot water extraction using organic solvent-containing water containing an organic solvent, and at the same time, it is converted into sorbitan, which is a dehydration reaction product of sorbitol, so that an olive extract enriched with sorbitan can be obtained. Also, using garlic as an animal and plant raw material, in the same manner as in the above-described embodiment, the alliin contained in the garlic is extracted by pressurized hot water extraction using organic solvent-containing water containing an organic solvent, and at the same time, it is converted into S-allylcysteine, which is a dehydration reaction product of alliin, so that a garlic extract enriched with S-allylcysteine can be obtained. Further, using fruits or honey as an animal and plant raw material, in the same manner as in the above-described embodiment, the fructose contained in the fruits or honey is extracted by pressurized hot water extraction using organic solvent-containing water containing an organic solvent, and at the same time, it is converted into hydroxymethylfurfural, which is a dehydration reaction product of fructose, so that a fruit extract or honey extract enriched with hydroxymethylfurfural can be obtained.

[0054] In addition, in the above-described embodiment, the configuration of obtaining the extract of the raw material of animals and plants according to the present invention by directly subjecting the raw material of animals and plants to pressurized hot water extraction was exemplified. However, the present invention is not limited to this configuration. It is also possible to use the extract of the raw material of animals and plants as a raw material and subject the extract of the raw material of animals and plants to pressurized hot water treatment to obtain the extract of the raw material of animals and plants according to the present invention. As the raw material of animals and plants, those obtained by isolating specific components derived from animals and plants may be used, but it is preferably the animals and plants themselves or an extract of animals and plants containing a plurality of components derived from animals and plants.

Claims

1. A method for producing an extract of an animal or plant raw material, which contains an extract component derived from an animal or plant raw material and a dehydration reaction product of the extract component, and in which the dehydration reaction product is enriched, comprising: A method for producing an extract of an animal or plant raw material, comprising extracting the animal or plant raw material with compressed hot water using organic solvent-containing water that contains an organic solvent to extract the extract component from the animal or plant raw material, and converting the extract component into the dehydration reaction product by a dehydration reaction, thereby enriching the dehydration reaction product.

2. The animal or plant raw material originally contains the extract component and the dehydration reaction product, The method for producing an extract of an animal or plant raw material according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of the dehydration reaction product is increased by the compressed hot water extraction using the organic solvent-containing water to exceed the amount originally contained in the animal or plant raw material.

3. The method for producing an extract of animal or plant raw materials according to claim 1, wherein the extracted components are fat-soluble components.

4. The method for producing an extract of an animal or plant raw material according to claim 1, wherein the animal or plant raw material is fresh ginger, heated ginger, dried ginger, ginger juice, or ginger pomace, and the gingerol extract component is converted to the dehydration reaction product shogaol by pressurized hot water extraction using the organic solvent-containing water, thereby enriching the shogaol.

5. 2. The method for producing an extract of an animal or plant raw material according to claim 1, wherein the animal or plant raw material is subjected to compressed hot water extraction with the organic solvent-containing water at a pressure of more than 0.1 MPa and not more than 2.5 MPa for an extraction time of not more than 60 minutes.

6. 2. The method for producing an extract of an animal or plant raw material according to claim 1, wherein the organic solvent-containing water contains the organic solvent in an amount of 5% by weight or more and 90% by weight or less.

7. The method for producing an extract of an animal or plant raw material according to claim 1, wherein the animal or plant raw material is extracted with the organic solvent-containing water by compressed hot water at a temperature of 120 to 250°C.

8. The method for producing an extract of an animal or plant raw material according to claim 1, further comprising drying treatment of the animal or plant raw material before the extraction of the animal or plant raw material with compressed hot water.

9. 2. The method for producing an extract of an animal or plant raw material according to claim 1, wherein the organic solvent-containing water contains ethanol, methanol, or butylene glycol as an organic solvent.

10. The method for producing an extract of an animal or plant raw material according to claim 1, wherein the animal or plant raw material is extracted with compressed hot water using only the organic solvent-containing water, either as is or after only drying.

11. An animal or plant raw material extract containing an extract component derived from an animal or plant raw material and a dehydration reaction product of the extract component, the dehydration reaction product being enriched, The extract of the animal or plant raw material is obtained by extracting the extracted components from the animal or plant raw material by compressed hot water extraction using organic solvent-containing water containing an organic solvent, and converting the extracted components into the dehydration reaction product through a dehydration reaction, thereby enriching the dehydration reaction product.

12. The animal or plant raw material extract according to claim 11, wherein the animal or plant raw material is fresh ginger, heated ginger, dried ginger, ginger juice, or ginger pomace, and the gingerol extract component is converted to the dehydration reaction product gingerol by pressurized hot water extraction using the organic solvent-containing water, thereby enriching the gingerol.

13. The animal or plant raw material extract according to claim 12, which is obtained by extraction with compressed hot water at a temperature of 160°C or less and contains more shogaol than gingerol.

14. A method for adjusting components of an extract of an animal or plant raw material extracted from an animal or plant raw material, comprising the steps of: A method for adjusting the components of an extract of an animal or plant raw material, comprising adjusting the content ratio of an extracted component derived from the animal or plant raw material and a dehydration reaction product of the extracted component by adjusting the extraction pressure, extraction temperature, extraction time, or the proportion of the organic solvent in the organic solvent-containing water when extracting the animal or plant raw material with compressed hot water containing an organic solvent.

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