Swelling test device and swelling test method

Abstract

To provide a swelling test device and a swelling test method which can accurately measure swelling of a sample in a quantitative manner.SOLUTION: A sample 102 for a swelling test is arranged in a bag-like container 101. A switching valve 103a is opened, so that a test solution 502 obtained by mixing a solvent and a solute is injected into the container 101 from an inlet / outlet pipe 104a. A temperature regulator 308 adjusts the temperature of the test solution 502, and the temperature is measured by a temperature sensor 203. The solvent amount of the test solution 502 is specified by weight%. The sample 102 is swelled by the test solution 502, and the dimension of the sample 102 is measured with a camara 301 to understand a swelling state.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a swelling test apparatus, a swelling test method, and a member connection structure.

Background Art

[0002] The crosslinking degree of rubber / resin is an important factor that affects various physical properties of rubber / resin products. In product design and when inspecting the quality of manufactured products, the evaluation of the crosslinking degree of rubber / resin is indispensable.

[0003] The crosslinking degree of rubber / resin is generally determined by a swelling test. The swelling test is performed by immersing a rubber sample in a solvent and measuring the degree to which the rubber sample absorbs the solvent (solvent, solution) and swells as the swelling ratio.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0004]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] When actually measuring the crosslinking degree of rubber / resin in a swelling test or the like, it takes a long time until the evaluation of the crosslinking degree is obtained. Also, it is laborious and there is a problem that the crosslinking degree of rubber / resin cannot be easily evaluated. Further, when the sample of rubber or the like is small in amount or small in size, the measurement error becomes large, and there is also a problem that it becomes difficult to accurately evaluate the crosslinking degree and the swelling ratio (swelling rate).

[0006] The crosslinking degree of rubber / resin varies depending on the type of solution (solvent) in which the rubber / resin is immersed. The type of solution (solvent) to be immersed needs to be adapted to the actual use state, but in the test, it is difficult to set it to the actual use state, and quantitative evaluation is also difficult.

[0007] The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object thereof is to provide a swelling test method and a swelling test apparatus capable of accurately evaluating the crosslinking degree, swelling degree, etc. of rubber and resin even with a small amount of sample.

[0008] In addition, when arranging a close-fitting part such as an O-ring made of rubber or the like in the gap between members for close-fitting or sealing, there are cases where the size of the rubber or the like does not fit and the close-fitting becomes incomplete.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0009] The present invention is characterized in that a sample 102 is placed in a container 101, and a test solution 502 obtained by mixing a solvent and a solute is filled around the sample 102, and the expansion state of the sample 102 is measured and observed.

[0010] Further, in the swelling test of the present invention, a test solution 502 obtained by mixing a solvent with a solute is filled around the sample 102. The sample 102 swells due to the test solution 502. By setting the mixing ratio of the solute and the solvent in the test solution 502, the swelling ratio of the sample 102 changes. This change is quantitatively measured and observed as the swelling of the sample 102.

[0011] A sample 102 for a swelling test is placed in a bag-shaped container 101, the on-off valve 103a is opened, and a test solution 502 obtained by mixing a solvent and a solute is injected into the container 101 from the inlet / outlet pipe 104a. The test solution 502 is temperature-adjusted by a temperature adjuster 308, and the temperature is measured by a temperature sensor 203. The amount of the solvent in the test solution 502 is defined by weight%. The sample 102 swells due to the test solution 502, and the swelling state is measured by the dimensions of the sample 102 with a camera 301.

[0012] For the solution used in the swelling test, a mixture of a solvent (liquid) and a solute (such as solid powder of inorganic materials (glass, ceramics), etc.) is used. A plurality of solutions in which the solute is mixed with the solvent by weight percentage are used. As the solute, materials or substances that are desired to be corroded, reacted, or changed by the solvent are adopted. The degree of swelling of the sample changes according to the amount of solvent in the solution. The change is measured as the actual dimension of the sample with respect to the test period or the dimensional change (dimensional change ratio) by measuring the dimensions of the sample. In the present invention, since the dimensional change of the sample with respect to a plurality of solutions can be measured, an accurate quantitative swelling evaluation can be realized.

Effects of the Invention

[0013] By setting the mixing ratio of the solute and the solvent of the test solution 502 and measuring the dimensions of the sample 102 with respect to the mixing ratio, the degree of swelling of the sample 102 with respect to the test solution 502 can be quantitatively measured and evaluated.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0014]

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Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0015] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In each drawing for explaining the embodiments for carrying out the invention, elements having the same function or similar configuration are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description may be omitted. In addition, there are cases where it is described in an enlarged, reduced, or omitted manner.

[0016] Examples of the present invention described in this specification and the drawings can be combined with each other. In addition, the examples described in this specification and the drawings include the present embodiment, similar forms of the present embodiment, and forms in which a part or all of the present embodiment is combined. FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the swelling test method of the present invention. FIG. 1 and the like are schematically illustrated for easy understanding.

[0017] As a sample 102 for the swelling test, an O-ring made of a rubber material is illustrated. The sample 102 is not limited to an O-ring. Any sample 102 for testing swelling may be used. For example, many shapes, objects, and forms such as a rubber sheet and a resin spring can be applied to the swelling test of the present invention.

[0018] Examples of the sample 102 include resin materials, wood materials, and porous metal materials in addition to rubber materials. The sample 102 may be any of materials, members, sheets, parts, structures, etc.

[0019] The crosslinking degree of rubber in rubber materials is an important factor that affects various physical properties of rubber products. In product design and when inspecting the quality of manufactured products, the evaluation of the rubber crosslinking degree is indispensable. Generally, the rubber crosslinking degree is determined by a swelling test. In the swelling test, a rubber sample is immersed in a solvent, and the degree to which the rubber sample absorbs the solvent and swells is measured as the swelling ratio.

[0020] Rubber materials have a network structure. The points where the networks intersect are called crosslinking points. The networks themselves can move freely but are restricted by the crosslinking points. Due to this network and crosslinking points, the characteristics of rubber that can stretch and shrink are generated.

[0021] When a solvent (liquid) comes into contact with a rubber material, it penetrates into this network structure. There are solvents (liquids) that can easily penetrate and expand the networks. This expansion of the networks is called swelling. Whether it swells or not depends on the compatibility between the rubber material and the liquid.

[0022] The sample 102 of the corresponding rubber material, etc. is immersed in a test liquid (solvent) for a certain period. After immersion for a certain period, the changes in the hardness, mass, volume, color, and appearance state of the sample 102 are evaluated. When the sample 102 to be tested is immersed in a test liquid (solvent), only the swelling degree (swelling ratio, side-receiving operation ratio) corresponding to the immersion period can be quantified.

[0023] The test method of the present invention is characterized in that a test solution 502 in which a solute is mixed in a liquid (solvent) that swells the sample 102 (a solution in which the solute and the solvent are mixed) is prepared (formulated), or a test solution 502 in which a solvent (liquid) is mixed in a solid (solute) (a solution in which the solute and the solvent are mixed) is prepared (formulated), and the test solution 502 is arranged or filled around the sample 102. The swelling change is quantified by measuring the dimensions and volume of the sample 102.

[0024] By changing or setting the ratio (by weight) of the solute to be mixed into the test solution 502, the influence (degree) exerted by the solvent on the sample 102 can be observed or measured. Multiple types of test solutions 502 with varying ratios of solute (to the solvent) are prepared, and by measuring or observing the degree of swelling over a period for each test solution 502, the swelling (ratio, proportion) of the sample 102 can be accurately quantified. Also, the influence on the ratio (by weight) of the solute and the period (number of days, hours) can be quantitatively grasped.

[0025] Figure 1 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing a state in which the solute (substance dissolved in the liquid) with respect to the solvent (liquid dissolving the solute) is changed. Figure 1(a1) schematically shows a drawing viewed from above the container. Figure 1(a2) schematically shows a drawing viewed from the side direction of the container. Figure 1(b1) schematically shows a drawing viewed from above the container. Figure 1(b2) schematically shows a drawing viewed from the side direction of the container.

[0026] Figure 1(a) schematically shows a state where the solute (substance dissolved in the liquid) with respect to the solvent (liquid dissolving the solute) is less. Figure 1(b) schematically shows a state where the solute (substance dissolved in the liquid) with respect to the solvent (liquid dissolving the solute) is more.

[0027] As shown in Figure 1, the sample 102 is disposed in the container 101. To prevent the sample 102 from floating or moving due to the test solution 502, the sample 102 is fixed by a holding portion (holding member) 105 within the container 101. Also, the configuration and arrangement are such that the periphery of the sample 102 is in contact with the test solution 502.

[0028] It is preferable to use an object of an inorganic material such as glass or ceramic, or an organic material such as polyester or polyolefin for the container 101, and it is also preferable to adopt an object having light transmissibility so that the sample 102 within the container 101 can be observed. The light includes infrared rays.

[0029] The container is not limited to solids such as bottles. For example, the container 101 may be a bag made of a polyester resin, a polypropylene resin, etc., and may be composed of a flexible object.

[0030] In FIG. 1(a), the amount of solute (substance dissolved in the liquid) relative to the solvent (liquid dissolving the solute) is small. Therefore, the weight percentage of the solvent with respect to the test solution 502 is large. It is also possible to define the weight percentage of the solute with respect to the solvent, or the weight percentage of the solvent with respect to the solute. Moreover, it is not limited to weight percentage. Needless to say, % with respect to mass (volume), etc. is also acceptable. In FIG. 1(b), the amount of solute (substance dissolved in the liquid) relative to the solvent (liquid dissolving the solute) is large. Therefore, the weight percentage of the solvent with respect to the test solution 502 is small.

[0031] In FIG. 1(b), the ratio of the solvent (liquid dissolving the solute) to the solute (substance dissolved in the liquid) is less than that in FIG. 1(a). Therefore, in FIG. 1(b), the amount of the solvent in contact with the sample 102 is less than that in FIG. 1(a). If the selected solvent swells with respect to the sample 102, the (swelling) ratio in FIG. 1(a) is larger than that in FIG. 1(b).

[0032] By preparing a test solution 502 in which the amount (such as weight percentage) of the solvent (liquid dissolving the solute) with respect to the solute (substance dissolved in the liquid) is changed, and measuring or observing the swelling (ratio) of each test solution 502 with respect to the period (number of days, test time), the swelling characteristics of the test sample (test material, test member, material, component, structure) 102 can be accurately quantified.

[0033] It should be noted that for the measurement and observation of the swelling ratio (swelling rate, swelling change), a test solution 502 in which the amount (such as weight percentage) of the solute (substance dissolved in the liquid) with respect to the solvent (liquid dissolving the solute) is changed may be prepared, and the swelling (ratio) of each test solution 502 with respect to the period (number of days, time) may be measured or observed.

[0034] The swelling state of the test sample 102 changes depending on the selection of the type of solvent or the type of solute. Therefore, the type of solvent is selected corresponding to the test sample 102 for which the swelling test is to be performed. Alternatively, the type of solute is selected corresponding to the test sample 102 for which the swelling test is to be performed.

[0035] To control the swelling rate over a predetermined period, the ratio of the solute to be mixed in the test solution 502 is changed, or formulated and set. If the ratio of the solute is increased, the ratio of the sample 102 in contact with the solvent decreases.

[0036] In the test solution 502, if the ratio of the solute is decreased, the ratio of the sample 102 in contact with the solvent increases. Also, if the ratio of the solute is increased, the ratio of the sample 102 in contact with the solvent increases.

[0037] As one embodiment, a liquid or liquid-like material is exemplified as the solvent. The solvent is not limited to only a liquid such as a diluent. For example, it may be an adhesive, a sealing agent, an adhesive, or a sealing agent. Also, it is not limited to those having fluidity. Materials having adhesiveness, flexibility, sponge-like materials, semi-solid materials, semi-liquid materials, etc. are used as the solvent, and those obtained by mixing a solute in the solvent are included. Also included are those obtained by mixing the solute in the solute. Needless to say, it is included in the expansion test method and expansion test apparatus of the present invention.

[0038] The solvent to be mixed or stirred is not limited to one type. Needless to say, a plurality of solvents may be mixed or stirred. Also, the solute to be mixed, diffused, penetrated, diluted, suspended, or stirred is not limited to one type. Needless to say, a plurality of solutes may be mixed, diffused, penetrated, diluted, suspended, or stirred. Also, needless to say, one of the solvent or solute may be a solution in which the other is dissolved.

[0039] Needless to say, both the solvent and the solute may be liquid or viscous liquid. Also, both the solvent and the solute may be solid. Even if a substance (liquid, gas, etc.) that swells the sample 102 from the solid is generated, the swelling test method of the present invention can be carried out and applied to the swelling test apparatus of the present invention.

[0040] Needless to say, the solvent and the solute may be made into a solution by chemical change, chemical synthesis, or polymerization. The solution is not limited to liquid. Needless to say, it may be solidified or semi-solidified by mixing the solvent and the solute, etc.

[0041] In the test solution 502, by changing or setting the ratio of the solute (ratio) or the ratio in contact with the solvent and measuring the dimensions of the sample 102, the swelling ratio can be accurately quantified.

[0042] It is preferable to select a material in which the solute has little or no change such as polymerization with the solvent. Also, it is preferable to select a material in which the solvent does not change the solute or changes it little.

[0043] Also, when selecting a material in which the refractive index of the solvent and the refractive index of the solute are close, the light transmittance of the test solution becomes high and it becomes easy to optically observe the change of the sample 102. The difference between the refractive index of the solvent and the refractive index of the solute is preferably within 0.1. Furthermore, the difference between the refractive index of the solvent and the refractive index of the solute is preferably within 0.05. Note that by using the illumination light 903 as near-infrared light or infrared light, even if the difference between the refractive index of the solvent and the refractive index of the solute is large, the observation of the sample 102 is good.

[0044] Examples of solvents include water (refractive index 1.333), acetone (refractive index 1.359), ethanol (refractive index 1.361), methanol (refractive index 1.329), ethyl acetate (refractive index 1.370), ethylene glycol (refractive index 1.431), paraffin oil (refractive index 1.491), benzene (refractive index 1.50), carbon tetrachloride (refractive index 1.466), chloroform (refractive index 1.443), cyclohexane (refractive index 1.427), methyl 3-methylsalicylate (1.5354), etc.

[0045] Examples of solutes to be mixed with the solvent include synthetic quartz (refractive index 1.458), soda glass (refractive index 1.52), quartz (refractive index 1.54), sodium chloride (refractive index 1.544), magnesium fluoride (refractive index 1.38), calcium fluoride (CaF2) (refractive index 1.434), silicon dioxide (refractive index 1.46), lanthanum fluoride (refractive index 1.58), aluminum oxide (refractive index 1.63), magnesium oxide (refractive index 1.70), yttrium oxide (refractive index 1.87), silicon monoxide (refractive index 1.90), zirconium oxide (refractive index 2.05), zinc sulfide (refractive index 2.4), titanium oxide (refractive index 2.35), etc.

[0046] The solute is preferably used in a powdered form by using a fusing technique or the like. For example, when the solute is a glass agent, a glass mass is heated to 400 degrees in an electric furnace, then thrown into water while hot and rapidly cooled, pulverized, and made into glass powder for use as the solute. In addition, as a method for producing glass powder, a carbonate such as calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate or a foaming agent such as carbon powder is mixed with glass powder and heated, and the obtained foam is pulverized. As the foaming agent, it is preferable to use a hydrocarbon compound, nitrate, silicon carbide, or borax.

[0047] During the production of the solute raw material, it is micronized while being stirred together with the media balls. The crushed particles are carried by the airflow flowing in from the bottom of the device to a high-speed rotary air classifier, and only those that have reached the target particle size pass through the classification rotor and are collected by a dust collector. The classified coarse powder returns to the grinding chamber and is reground until it reaches the target particle size.

[0048] Examples of glass materials as solutes and the like include soda-lime glass (soda glass), lead glass (crystal glass), borosilicate glass, quartz glass, lead glass for radiation shielding, and the like.

[0049] Examples of ceramic materials include oxide-based (such as alumina (Al2O3), zirconia, barium titanate (BaTiO3), etc.), hydroxide-based (such as hydroxyapatite, etc.), carbide-based (such as silicon carbide (SiC), etc.), nitride-based (such as silicon nitride (Si3N4), etc.), and halide-based (such as fluorite (CaF2), etc.). Also, examples of porcelain, zirconia, e-max, metal bond, and hybrid ceramic used as dental materials are given. Examples of minerals include marble, granite, quartz, feldspar, mica, iron ore, pyrite ore, wax stone, limestone, graphite, etc.

[0050] Inorganic materials such as glass, ceramics, and minerals are preferably ground into a powder form for use. Needless to say, in the case of resin materials, solid resins, films, etc. may also be ground into a powder form for use. Also, resin powder as a raw material may be used.

[0051] As the solute, organic materials can be adopted. However, it is necessary to consider the solubility and changes in the solvent. Examples of organic materials include, for example, epoxy resin (refractive index 1.55 - 1.61), acrylic resin (refractive index 1.49), polycarbonate (refractive index 1.49), etc.

[0052] Note that epoxy resin (refractive index 1.55 - 1.61), acrylic resin (refractive index 1.49), polycarbonate (refractive index 1.49), etc. can also be used and selected as solvents.

[0053] For example, examples of the solvent include epoxy adhesives (one-component type, two-component type), acrylic adhesives of methylene dichloride (dichloromethane), trichloroethylene, acrylic-modified silicone resins, methanol, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, toluene, xylene, MEK, MIBK, MCH, normal hexane, surfactants (polyoxyethylene alkyl ether), flux cleaners, fluorine coating agents, soapy water, and the like. The solvent and solute are not limited to one type each. Needless to say, a plurality of types of solvents and solutes may be mixed and stirred and used as the test solution 502.

[0054] As shown in FIG. 1(a), when the amount of solute is small, the portion (part, area) of the sample 102 in contact with the solvent becomes large, and the swelling ratio of the sample 102 by the solvent may become large.

[0055] As shown in FIG. 1(b), when the amount of solute is large (compared to FIG. 1(a)), the portion (part, area) of the sample 102 in contact with the solvent becomes small, and the swelling ratio of the sample 102 by the solvent may become small.

[0056] When the refractive indices of the solvent and solute are approximated, the light diffusivity of the test solution 502 decreases, and the observation of the sample 102 with a camera 301 or the like becomes better. Therefore, the refractive index difference between the solvent and solute is set to be within 0.1, preferably within 0.05. Further, the solute is preferably formed into fine powder using a fusing technique or the like.

[0057] When the sample 102 swells, the dimensions of the sample 102 change and the volume increases. The degree and ratio of swelling can be quantified by measuring or calculating the dimensions and volume of the sample 102. For example, when the sample 102 is in the shape of an O-ring, as shown in FIG. 2, the outer dimension A, inner diameter dimension B, and thickness dimension C of the O-ring are measured. Further, the volume of the sample 102 is calculated from the dimensions A, B, and C. By measuring at each period (number of days, hours), the swelling (ratio) can be quantified.

[0058] The results can be graphed as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. Needless to say, the dimensions may be measured after taking out the sample 102 from the container (bag) 101 and washing it.

[0059] Swelling (ratio, proportion, change) changes by changing the ratio of the solvent to the solute (e.g., weight %). Basically, the swelling (ratio) often decreases as the amount of the solvent relative to the solute decreases. The swelling state can be quantified by measuring the ratio of the solvent to the solute and the dimensions (A, B, C) of the sample at each stage.

[0060] FIG. 3 shows the results of measuring the outer shape A of the sample by changing the ratio (weight %) of the solvent added (mixed) to the solute. As one exemplary embodiment, the solute is synthetic quartz (refractive index 1.458) and the solvent is ethylene glycol (refractive index 1.431). Since the refractive index difference between the solvent and the solute is within 0.05, the light transmittance of the test solution 502 is good, and the sample 102 can be observed from outside the container 101. The measurement is carried out in units of 1 day or 5 days, and the (swelling) ratio is graphed.

[0061] FIG. 3 is a graph of the results of measuring the outer shape A of the sample by changing the weight ratio of the solvent to the solute. The outer diameter A is measured every 1 day or 5 days (number of days) to create a graph. The weight % of the solvent is set as weight % = 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 100%. The swelling ratio is based on the dimensions of the initial sample 102 (1.00).

[0062] For example, weight % = 100% means that the solvent is 100% and the solute is 0%. Weight % = 5% means that the weight % of the solvent relative to the solute is 5%. If the weight % of the solvent relative to the solute is 0%, the test solution 502 consists only of the solute, so basically no swelling occurs. If weight % = 100%, the sample 102 is immersed in the solvent, so swelling progresses the most. As shown in FIG. 3, as the weight % of the solvent increases, the swelling ratio increases. As the period (number of days) becomes longer, the change in the swelling ratio becomes smaller.

[0063] Figure 4 has the period (number of days) on the horizontal axis and the swelling ratio on the vertical axis. The measured values for the period (number of days) = 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 are plotted. When the number of days is short, the change in the swelling ratio is large, and when the number of days increases, the change in the swelling ratio decreases.

[0064] In the conventional swelling test, the sample 102 was immersed in a solvent, and the deterioration of the sample due to swelling was measured. Therefore, it was not possible to properly observe and quantify the extent to which the influence of the solvent affects the swelling state of the sample 102.

[0065] The present invention measures and observes swelling by changing or setting the ratio of the solvent or solute of the test solution 502. By setting the ratio of the solvent or solute of the test solution 502 to a plurality of values, the swelling state with respect to the ratio of the solvent or solute can be quantified and measured.

[0066] The present invention measures and observes swelling by changing or selecting the type of the solvent or solute of the test solution 502. By setting the type of the solvent or solute of the test solution 502 to a plurality of values, the swelling state of the sample 102 can be quantified and measured.

[0067] Figures 5 and 6 are a configuration diagram and an explanatory diagram of the swelling test apparatus of the present invention. The solvent 507 is put into the solution container 503 from the solvent container 508. Further, the solute 506 is put into the solution container 503 from the solute container 505.

[0068] As an example, the ratio of the solute 506 and the solvent 507 is determined by the weight percentage of the test solution 502 to be tested. The solvent 507 and the solute 506 put into the solution container 503 are stirred and mixed by the stirring fan 501 to become the test solution 502. The test solution 502 is sent to the electric pump 403a. Note that the electric pump 403 is not limited to an electric pump. The test solution 502 may be manually filled into the container 101.

[0069] The mass or volume ratio or weight % of the solvent and solute in the test solution 502 is adjusted by controlling the input amounts of the solute 506 from the solute container 505 and the solvent 507 from the solvent container 508.

[0070] The sample 102 is placed in the container 101. Inside the container 101, a temperature regulator 308 for setting the temperature of the test solution 502 to a constant value (predetermined value) is arranged. As the temperature regulator 308, one using a Peltier element is exemplified. The Peltier element can change heating and cooling depending on the direction of the current flowing through the element.

[0071] As the temperature regulator 308, a chiller is also exemplified. The chiller is configured to keep the temperature of equipment etc. constant by circulating while controlling the liquid temperature of water or a heat medium. It is mainly used for cooling, but can not only cool but also warm. It is configured to be able to perform various temperature controls. The temperature regulator 308 may be one that separates the heating plate and the cooling plate and performs heating and cooling.

[0072] The pressure sensor 202 is exemplified by a resistive film type, a capacitance type, a piezoelectric element type, an optical type, and a MEM type. The temperature sensor 203 includes a "non-contact type" that measures temperature by luminance, color, infrared intensity, etc., and a "contact type" that utilizes the Seebeck effect, electrical resistance, or magnetic changes. A resistance temperature sensor is easy to convert into an electrical signal. There are types such as a resistance thermometer using Pt etc., a linear resistor, and a thermistor for the resistance temperature sensor. It is preferable to adopt a linear resistor or a platinum resistance thermometer in view of requirements such as temperature measurement accuracy, long-term stability, and compatibility.

[0073] Swelling changes depending on the temperature of the sample 102 and the pressure applied to the sample 102. The present invention sets the sample 102 to a predetermined temperature, applies pressure as necessary, and also reduces the pressure to measure the swelling change of the sample 102.

[0074] In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the container 101 is composed of a robust container and is configured to maintain the pressure inside the container 101 by closing the on-off valves 103a and 103b. When the on-off valve 103a is closed, the on-off valve 103b is opened, and the electric pump 403b is operated, the air in the container 101 is discharged.

[0075] Note that the on-off valve 103 is not limited to a valve. Any configuration may be used as long as it is a device or mechanism for blocking or flowing a liquid or the like. The on-off valve 103 is an opener / closer or an opening / closing mechanism. Simply, a method of flushing the test solution 502 may be used.

[0076] Next, when the on-off valve 103b is closed, the electric pump 403a is operated, and the on-off valve 103a is opened, the test solution 502 is injected into the container 101. When increasing the pressure in the container 101, maintain the operating state of the electric pump 403a, monitor the pressure with the pressure sensor 202, and close the on-off valve 103a at a predetermined pressure. If necessary, the test solution 502 is heated or cooled by the temperature regulator 308 and maintained at a predetermined temperature. Also, observe and measure the swelling state due to temperature.

[0077] The container in FIG. 6 was an embodiment in which the container was robustly configured to maintain the pressure inside the container. FIG. 5 shows the bag of the container 101. The bag has flexibility. The bag 101 is made of a resin material such as polyethylene, polyester, or polypropylene and has light transmissibility so that the sample 102 disposed or installed inside can be visually recognized or observed.

[0078] By injecting the test solution 502 into the bag 101, the bag 101 expands. By discharging the test solution 502, the bag 101 contracts. Even when the test solution 502 or the like is injected into or discharged from the bag 101, the bag 101 expands or contracts, and the pressure inside the bag 101 does not change. Or a substantially constant pressure is maintained. When the bag 101 expands or contracts, the pressure inside the bag 101 is maintained at a constant value and held.

[0079] In the swelling test, pressure affects the swelling state. In order to conduct the test in a state where the changes due to swelling depend only on temperature, it is necessary to maintain the pressure at a constant value. In the swelling test apparatus of the present invention, even if the temperature of the test solution 502 in the bag 101 changes and the volume of the test solution 502 increases or decreases, the pressure inside the bag 101 is maintained and held at a constant value by the expansion or contraction of the bag 101.

[0080] The swelling test apparatus of the present invention shown in FIG. 5 includes an inlet / outlet pipe 104b and an on-off valve 103b for discharging the test solution 502 etc. from the bag 101, and an inlet / outlet pipe 104a and an on-off valve 103a for injecting the test solution 502 etc. into the bag 101.

[0081] When the on-off valve 103b is opened and the electric pump 403b is operated, the air or the test solution 502 inside the bag 101 is discharged. By closing the on-off valve 103b, opening the on-off valve 103a, and operating the pump 403a, the test solution 502 is injected from the solution container 503 into the container (bag) 102.

[0082] Based on the injection / discharge of the test solution 502, the bag 101 contracts or expands. Since the bag 101 contracts or expands based on the injection or discharge of the test solution 502, the pressure inside the bag 101 does not change and a constant pressure is maintained.

[0083] In the embodiment of FIG. 5, the test apparatus of the present invention has a container 101 made of a light-transmissive material having a bag-like flexibility. Also, a test container 101 whose volume or capacity can be changed or modified is used. Since the bag (or the test container 101) has light transmissivity, the situation of the sample 102 etc. to be measured or evaluated can be observed. As shown in FIG. 5(a), the electric pump 403b is operated, the on-off valve 103b is opened, the on-off valve 103a is closed, and the air etc. inside the bag 101 is discharged.

[0084] Note that the inside of the bag 101 can be cleaned by injecting cleaning water into the bag 101 from the inlet / outlet pipe 104a and discharging the test solution 502 in the bag 101 from the inlet / outlet pipe 104b.

[0085] Next, as shown in FIG. 5(b), the electric pump 403a is operated, the on-off valve 103a is opened, the on-off valve 103b is closed, and the test solution 502 is injected into the bag 101. When the test solution 502 is injected into the bag 101, the bag 101 expands. As the bag 101 expands, the pressure inside the bag 101 is maintained at a constant value.

[0086] By filling the bag 101 with the test solution 502, the sample 102 starts to expand. The expanded state is observed with the camera 301 or the dimensions of the sample 102 are measured and recorded.

[0087] The camera 301 is an image measuring device and a position measuring device for the sample 102. It is not limited to a video camera or a photographing camera. Any device can be used as long as it can measure or observe the dimensions or changes of the sample 102 optically, physically, etc.

[0088] For example, devices or methods capable of measuring the dimensions of a sample with a stereomicroscope or an optical microscope are exemplified. Devices or methods capable of taking an X-ray photograph of the sample 102 by irradiating it with X-rays and measuring the dimensions of the sample from the X-ray photograph are exemplified. Devices or methods for measuring the shape of the sample 102 with ultrasonic waves using an ultrasonic microscope or the like are exemplified. Devices or methods for irradiating the sample 102 with a laser beam and measuring the dimensions of the sample 102 from the transmitted light or reflected light of the laser beam are exemplified. Devices or methods for irradiating the sample 102 with infrared light and recognizing or measuring the transmitted light, reflected light, and shadow position of the sample are exemplified. Devices or methods for visually recognizing the sample 102 and the scale of a measuring tool and measuring the dimensions of the sample 102 are exemplified.

[0089] Therefore, the camera 301 may be any device, apparatus, or method as long as it can measure the dimensions, position, volume, or change in volume of the sample 102. Needless to say, the above matters are applicable to other embodiments of the present invention. Also, it goes without saying that they can be combined with other embodiments.

[0090] In the embodiment of FIG. 5, the bag 101 is a single compartment, and is configured to discharge the test solution 502 etc. inside the bag 101 or inject the test solution 502 into the bag 101.

[0091] FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram and explanatory diagram of a swelling test apparatus in another embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 7, the bag 101 is partitioned into a plurality of parts (D1, D2 in the embodiment of FIG. 7) by a partition plate 106. The target sample is placed or installed in the D1 part of the bag 101.

[0092] The partition plate 106 is, for example, plate-shaped, or rod-shaped, or clip-shaped. Also, for example, it consists of upper and lower parts, and by sandwiching the upper and lower parts in a guillotine-like manner, it blocks the movement of the test solution 502 etc. between the pinched and separated parts.

[0093] Therefore, the partition plate 106 may be any one as long as it has a function (mechanism) of separating one container 101 or a configuration into a plurality of chambers or parts, and a function (mechanism) of integrating the plurality of chambers or parts.

[0094] As shown in FIG. 8(a), one container (bag) 102 is divided (separated) into a plurality of blocks by a partition plate 106, and injection and discharge of the test solution 502 etc. are carried out for each of the divided blocks.

[0095] FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a test dedication using the swelling test apparatus of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 8(a), the partition plate 106 is raised (removed) to make the bag 101 into the state of one container (bag).

[0096] Operate the electric pump 403b, open the on-off valve 103b, close the on-off valve 103a, and discharge the air etc. inside the bag 101. Due to the discharge of the air etc., the bag 101 contracts. Next, as shown in FIG. 8(b), process the partition plate 106 to separate the bag 101 into a D1 part and a D2 part.

[0097] Operate the electric pump 403a, and also open the on-off valve 103a to inject the test solution 502 into the D2 part of the bag 101. By injecting the test solution 502 into the D2 part of the bag 101, the D2 part of the bag 101 expands. By injecting the test solution 502 into the D2 part, the test solution 502 of the required volume can be held in the D2 part.

[0098] In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the solvent 507 is put into the solution container 503 from the solvent container 508, the solute 506 is put into the solution container 503 from the solute container 505, and the solvent 507 and the solute 506 put into the solution container 503 are stirred and mixed by the stirring fan 501 to make the test solution 502. However, the present invention is not limited to this.

[0099] As shown in FIG. 8(b), the solvent 507 may be put into the D2 of the bag 101 from the solvent container 508, the solute 506 may be put into the D2 of the bag 101 from the solute container 505, and the solvent 507 and the solute 506 put into the bag 101 may be stirred and mixed inside the bag 101.

[0100] Next, as shown in FIG. 8(c), remove the partition plate 106 so that the test solution 502 in the D1 portion of the bag 101 can move to the D1 portion of the bag 101. When pressure is applied to the D2 portion of the bag 101, the test solution 502 injected into the D2 portion of the bag 101 moves to the D1 portion of the bag 101 all at once (in a short time). Therefore, the surroundings of the sample 102 can be adjusted to a predetermined weight percentage and filled with the test solution 502.

[0101] To discharge the test solution 502 in the D1 portion of the bag 101, as shown in FIG. 8(d), lower the partition plate 106, open the on-off valve 103b, apply pressure to the D1 portion of the bag 101, or operate the electric pump 403b to discharge the test solution 502 in the D1 portion. In the state of FIG. 8(d), the test solution 502 may be injected into the D2 portion.

[0102] The above embodiments have been described assuming that one bag 101 is separated into two by the partition plate 106, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, one bag 101 may be separated into three or more portions, such as D1, D2, and D3, using a plurality of partition plates 106 like the partition plate 106a and the partition plate 106b. Needless to say, the above matters can be applied to other embodiments of the present invention. Also, needless to say, they can be combined with other embodiments.

[0103] Generate incident light (illumination light) 903 with an illumination device 902 such as an LED light source (light irradiator) to illuminate the sample 102. The illumination light 903 is preferably polarized through the polarizing plate 901a. The illumination light 903 illuminates the sample 102, and the light reflected by the sample 102 enters a camera 301 or the like as outgoing light (reflected light) 904.

[0104] The polarizing plate 901 is not limited to a plate shape. It may be a film-shaped or block-shaped polarizing element. Also, the polarizing plate 901 is preferably combined with a wave plate (λ / 2 plate, λ / 4 plate).

[0105] The light generated by the LED light source 902 is not limited to visible light. It may be infrared light. Infrared light is preferable because it has linearity and is difficult to attenuate in the solution 502. Also, light of a specific wavelength (color) such as the light wavelength in the green region may be adopted. Also, it may be X-ray light. Also, although it is described and illustrated as the reflected light 904, it may be transmitted light.

[0106] The polarization axes of the polarizing plate 901a and the polarizing plate 901b are preferably different by 90 degrees. Note that even if one of the polarizing plate 901a and the polarizing plate 901b is omitted, the decrease in visibility is small.

[0107] The light irradiator 902 is mounted on a moving (rotating) stage (not shown). The angle of the illumination light 903 for illuminating the sample 102 is adjusted by the moving (rotating) stage. The illumination light 903 passes through the polarizing plate 901a and becomes linearly polarized light.

[0108] The optical image detection / photographing means (such as a camera) 301 is mounted on a moving (rotating) stage (not shown). The angle is adjusted so that the reflected light 904 reflected by the sample 102 is incident on the optical image detection / photographing means (such as a camera) 301. The reflected light 904 is phase-converted by a λ / 2 plate or a λ / 4 plate and converted into linearly polarized light by the polarizing plate 901b.

[0109] Illuminate with the light irradiator 902 and detect or observe with the optical image detection / photographing means (such as a camera) 301. The light emitted from the light irradiator 902 is polarized light, and the polarized light is irradiated onto the sample 102. Also, a wave plate (λ / 2 plate, λ / 4 plate) is used. The 1 / 2 wave plate rotates the polarization direction of linearly polarized light. The 1 / 4 wave plate converts linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light. The 1 / 4 wave plate is used in a pair with a polarizing plate, and an optical isolator can be constructed. The present invention is used for the purpose of removing unnecessary retroreflection and glare.

[0110] When the polarization component of the incident light is circularly polarized light or elliptically polarized light, its direction can be reversed by passing through a half-wave plate. By rotating the fast axis (or slow axis) of the half-wave plate, elliptically polarized light ~ circularly polarized light can be changed. By rotating the polarization direction by 2θ and changing the state of elliptically polarized light ~ circularly polarized light, the sample 102 can be adjusted so that it is most easily observable.

[0111] The polarization axes of the polarizing plate 901a and the polarizing plate 901b are orthogonal, and by rotating the reflected light 904 by 90° with a λ / 2 plate, the unnecessary reflected light of the sample 102 and the stray light in the container 101 are blocked by the polarizing plate 901b. The stray light does not have the same phase and does not coincide with the polarization axis of the polarizing plate 901b.

[0112] Therefore, the stray light reaching the optical image detection / photographing means (such as a camera) 301 is reduced, and the sample 102 can be observed well. Also, as shown in Fig. 9(c), the angle θ of the phase axis of the λ / 2 plate (or λ / 4 plate) is adjusted or set so that the best observation can be made.

[0113] The stray light generated in the sample 102 does not have the same phase of light or does not coincide with the polarization axis of the polarizing plate 901b. Therefore, the stray light reaching the optical image detection / photographing means (such as a camera) 301 is reduced, the contrast of the optical image is improved, and the sample 102 can be observed well.

[0114] Figs. 5, 7, and 8 are examples where the container 101 is a flexible bag 101. Needless to say, the swelling test apparatus of the present invention may be configured with a rigid container for the container 101. By configuring it with a rigid container 101, the pressure inside the container 101 can be changed or set, and the pressure inside the container 101 can be maintained constant.

[0115] Figure 9 is a configuration diagram of the container 101 in the swelling test apparatus of the present invention. As shown in Figure 9, the sample 102 is placed or fixed in the container 101. It is equipped with a pressure sensor 202 for measuring or observing the pressure of the container 101, and a temperature sensor 203 for measuring or observing the temperature of the container 101. Also, if necessary, it is equipped with a temperature regulator (temperature setter) 308 for heating and cooling the test solution 502. Further, a stirring fan 501 is arranged in the container 101 to stir the test solution 502.

[0116] The pressure sensor 202 is not limited to a sensor. Needless to say, a device or apparatus capable of measuring, grasping, and observing pressure may also be used. The temperature sensor 203 is not limited to a sensor. Needless to say, any device or apparatus capable of measuring, grasping, and observing temperature may be used.

[0117] An inlet / outlet pipe 104a for injecting the test solution 502 or washing water into the container 101 is attached to the container 101. An on-off valve 103a is attached to the inlet / outlet pipe 104a. Also, an inlet / outlet pipe 104b for discharging the test solution 502 or washing water from the container 101 is attached to the container 101. An on-off valve 103b is attached to the inlet / outlet pipe 104b. Since the operation etc. of the swelling test apparatus of the present invention has been described in Figure 6, the description is omitted.

[0118] Figure 10 is an explanatory diagram of an embodiment for accurately changing a solvent or solute to be mixed with the test solution 502. As shown in Figure 10, the sample 102 is placed or fixed in the container 101b. It is equipped with a pressure sensor 202 for measuring or observing the pressure of the container 101b, and a temperature sensor 203 for measuring or observing the temperature of the container 101b. Also, if necessary, it is equipped with a temperature regulator (temperature setter) 308 for heating and cooling the test solution 502.

[0119] Container 101b is disposed within container 101a. Container 101b is a bag. Container 101a is composed or formed of a material that has little or no shrinkability or expandability. When test solution 502 is injected into container 101b, bag 101b expands. However, since it cannot expand beyond the size of container 101a, it is restricted by the capacity of container 101a beyond a certain level. Therefore, the pressure on sample 102 placed in test solution 502 of container 101b increases.

[0120] There is a space between container 101a and container 101b. By disposing temperature regulator 308 in the space, temperature regulator 308 heats or cools the gas in the space, and the heat quantity change of heating or cooling is transferred to test solution 502 in container 101b to cool or heat test solution 502. Solution container 503 is filled with solvent 507 or solute 506. A stirring fan 501 can be disposed within container 101b to stir test solution 502.

[0121] Test solution 502 is injected into test container 101b from inlet / outlet pipe 104a. Test solution 502 is adjusted to a test solution 502 with a specified mixing ratio of solvent 507 and solute 506 as an initial setting. In the swelling test of the present invention, as one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the weight percentage of the solvent or solute is changed.

[0122] FIGS. 3 and 4 are measurement examples at normal pressure and a temperature of 60° C. as one embodiment of the present invention. When the temperature is changed, the expansion ratio changes non-linearly. Usually, when the temperature is increased, there are many samples 102 whose expansion ratio increases non-linearly. When the pressure is changed, the change in the expansion ratio varies depending on the structure or material of sample 102.

[0123] As shown in FIG. 10, solution container 503 is filled with solute 506, or solvent 507, or a solution in which solute 506 and solvent 507 are mixed. It is preferable to accurately change the weight percentage of the solvent or solute in test container 101b.

[0124] The volume of the test solution 502 to be added to the container 101b from the solution container 503 is measured (gauged) with the syringe 201 and adjusted (set). Since the amount of the test solution 502 can be directly read according to the graduations on the syringe 201, the amount of the test solution 502 can be accurately injected into the container 101b. When the test solution 502 is injected or discharged, the test container 101b is deformed (expanded, contracted), etc., so the amount of the test solution 502 due to injection or discharge can be quantitatively grasped. Also, the weight percentage of the test solution 502 (mixing ratio of the solvent and the solute) can be quantitatively grasped and measured.

[0125] By injecting the test solution 502 into the container 101b, the volume of the test container 101b increases. The test container 101b is in a bag shape, and since the bag has flexibility, even when the test solution 502 etc. is injected into the test container 101b and the volume increases, the pressure inside the container 101b is maintained at atmospheric pressure etc. up to the internal volume in the container 101a.

[0126] In Fig. 10, when the on-off valve 103c is opened and the on-off valve 103b is closed, the solution container 503 and the syringe 201 are connected. The solute or solvent etc. in the solution container 503 is sucked into the syringe 201, and the volume of the solute or solvent etc. is measured by the graduations on the syringe 201.

[0127] Next, when the on-off valve 103c is closed and the on-off valve 103b is opened, the syringe 201 and the container 101b are connected. By extruding the solute or solvent etc. from the syringe 201 and injecting it into the container 101b, the weight percentage of the solute or solvent in the container 101b can be accurately set, changed or adjusted. Needless to say, the above matters can also be applied or combined in other embodiments of the present invention.

[0128] FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram and an explanatory diagram of the swelling test apparatus of the present invention. A temperature regulator 308 is arranged or configured on the container bottom plate 309. A container wall 307 made of a permeable glass material or the like is arranged around the container bottom plate 309. The container bottom plate 309 is loaded on the apparatus table 400. Rubber apparatus feet 401 are arranged at four locations on the four sides of the apparatus table 400 so as to be stable.

[0129] The container wall 307 is in close contact with the container bottom plate 309. The container wall 307 is arranged so as to surround the periphery of the container bottom plate 309, and the container bottom plate 309 and the container wall 307 form a container shape.

[0130] The container lid is provided with a container lid 204 made of a permeable glass material or the like. Between the container lid 204 and the container wall 307, a sealing packing (elastic material, buffer material, cushion, etc.) made of a shrinkable, elastic rubber, resin, or porous metal, a sheet, a block, etc. are arranged or configured.

[0131] When the container lid 204 is pressed, the sealing packing 306 (elastic material, spring, sponge, etc.) arranged between the container wall 307 and the container lid 204 is pressed, and the container lid 204, the container wall 307, and the container bottom plate 309 are in close contact. As shown in FIG. 11, a test solution 502 is arranged and filled between the container bottom plate 309 and the container lid 204.

[0132] A sample 102 for performing a swelling test is arranged in the test solution 502. The test solution 502 is filled around the sample 102 from the solution container 503. The test solution 502 is supplied from the solution container 503 through an inlet / outlet pipe 104 (not shown). Also, the test solution 502 is discharged through the inlet / outlet pipe 104 (not shown). Further, a pressure sensor 202 for measuring and observing the pressure of the test solution 502 is arranged, and a temperature sensor 203 for measuring and observing the temperature of the test solution 502 is arranged.

[0133] The container lid 204 is formed and configured of light-transmissive glass or the like. A pressing part (pressing tool) 305 is arranged around the container lid 204. The pressing part (pressing tool) 305 is arranged around the container lid 204 so as not to block the observation range of the camera 301.

[0134] The pressing part (pressing tool) 305 is arranged between the device top plate 303 and the container lid 204. When the device top plate 303 is pressed, the container lid 204 is pressed via the pressing part (pressing tool) 305. When the container lid 204 is pressed, pressure is applied to the test solution 502. When the pressing of the container lid 204 is reduced, the pressure on the test solution 502 decreases.

[0135] A camera 301 is arranged on the device top plate 303. The expansion change of the sample 102 can be observed by the camera 301, or the dimensions can be measured. A support column 304 is attached between the device top plate 303 and the device base 400. A pressure (compression) adjuster (pressing adjustment device) 302 such as a bolt is attached to the support column 304. By adjusting the position of the pressure adjuster 302, the position of the device top plate 303 can be moved up and down. By changing the position of the device top plate 303, the pressure applied to the test solution 502 can be adjusted.

[0136] Support columns 304 are provided at the four corners around the device base 400, and the device top plate 303 is arranged on the support columns 304. A pressure adjuster 302 is provided on the device top plate 303. The pressure adjuster 302 includes a drive motor (not shown) fixed to the device top plate 303. By driving the drive motor (not shown), the pressure adjuster 302 moves in the vertical direction, and the sealing packing 306 (elastic material, elastic tool, spring, etc.) is pressed to increase or decrease the pressure to a predetermined state.

[0137] The drive motor (not shown) of the pressure adjuster 302 is driven based on the instruction signal of the control circuit 604. According to the instruction of the control circuit 604, the pressure adjuster 302 is controlled to move in the vertical direction, and the sealing packing 306 is pressed to a predetermined state.

[0138] Based on the instruction signal of the control circuit 604, the injection or discharge of the test solution 502 is controlled. Detection information of the pressure regulator 302, the detection information of the temperature sensor 203 and the pressure sensor 202 are input into the control circuit 604.

[0139] The control circuit 604 is capable of performing arithmetic processing such as detection values based on the detection information, and signals output from the detection devices (pressure, temperature, inlet / outlet pipes) are input into the control circuit 604.

[0140] The control circuit 604 has a ROM, a RAM, an arithmetic unit, a display device, etc. The functions of the control circuit 604 include calculating the displacement amount of the measurement object such as dimensions and volume according to the expansion change of the sample from the signal at the start of the test.

[0141] As shown in FIG. 12, the test solution 502 is sealed within the container wall 307, the container lid 204, and the container bottom plate 309. A sample 102 as the object for performing the swelling test is immersed in the test solution 502.

[0142] The container wall 307, the container lid 204, and the container bottom plate 309 are composed of members having light transmissibility. For example, glass materials, acrylic resins, polyester resins, and polycarbonate resins are exemplified.

[0143] The camera (image measuring device, position measuring device) 301a observes the sample 102 through the container lid 204. The sample 102 expands due to the test solution 502. The degree and change of the expansion are implemented by measuring the dimensions, area, and volume of the sample 102.

[0144] The camera (image measuring device, position measuring device) 301b observes the sample 102 through the container wall 307. The sample 102 expands due to the test solution 502. The degree and change of the expansion are implemented by measuring the dimensions, area, and volume of the sample 102.

[0145] For example, the camera (image measuring device, position measuring device) 301a measures the dimensions of A and B of the sample 102 as shown in Fig. 2(a). The camera (image measuring device, position measuring device) 301b measures the dimension of C as shown in Fig. 2(b).

[0146] The camera (image measuring device, position measuring device) 301 is mounted on the moving stage 603 (X-axis moving stage 601, Y-axis moving stage 602) as needed and is positioned.

[0147] The stage is preferably configured to be movable not only in the X-axis and Y-axis directions but also in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions. In addition to the linear stage (linear stage), a rotary mount and a pitching & yawing adjustment platform are added.

[0148] Combine automatic stages such as a linear stage (linear stage) with a moving amount of 5 mm to 600 mm, a rotary mount and a stage, a goniometer stage, a pitching & yawing adjustment platform, and a high-resolution multi-axis platform.

[0149] Examples of the drive motor include a stepping motor, a DC servo motor, a direct driver, a piezo inertia motor, and a piezo resonance motor. It is preferably configured as a hybrid type linear stage combined with a manual adjustment and a micro electric adjustment mechanism using a piezo.

[0150] The camera (image measuring device, position measuring device) 301a is position-controlled by the X-axis moving stage 601a and the Y-axis moving stage 602a. The camera (image measuring device, position measuring device) 301b is position-controlled by the X-axis moving stage 601b and the Y-axis moving stage 602b.

[0151] In the embodiment of Fig. 12 etc., the camera (image measuring device, position measuring device) 301 is used to observe or measure the expansion dimension or change of the sample 102, but the invention of the present application is not limited thereto. For example, an ultrasonic microscope or an X-ray CT device may be used.

[0152] Moreover, it is not limited to an X-ray CT device. It may be a radiation device that uses radiation such as gamma rays, alpha rays, beta rays, gamma rays, microwaves, infrared rays, visible light, and ultraviolet rays.

[0153] In X-ray CT, ultrasonic microscopes, etc., it is preferable to obtain images by changing the temperature, ultrasonic frequency, etc., and perform AI (Artificial Intelligence) processing, etc. on each image.

[0154] An X-ray microscope device (X-ray CT device) is a microscope that non-destructively observes the inside of an object. The X-rays transmitted through the sample are converted into light or the like and magnified or reduced by an optical lens or the like.

[0155] FIG. 13 is a configuration diagram and an explanatory diagram of an expansion test device in another embodiment of the present invention. In the embodiment of FIG. 11, the test solution 502 was pressurized or depressurized by pressing or depressurizing the container lid 204. In FIG. 13, the test solution 502, the test container 101 is composed of a pressure regulator (upper) 703 and a pressure regulator (lower) 704.

[0156] The test solution 502 is filled or arranged between the pressure regulator (lower) 704 and the pressure regulator (upper) 703. The pressure regulator (lower) 704 and the pressure regulator (upper) 703 are formed of a material, material, component, or member having light transmissibility.

[0157] A support tool (upper) 705 is arranged around the pressure regulator (upper) 703, and a support tool (lower) 706 is arranged around the pressure regulator (lower) 704. The support tool (upper) and the support tool (lower) 706 are attached to the support column 304.

[0158] The support column 304 is attached. A pressure adjuster 302 such as a bolt is attached to the support column 304. By adjusting the position of the pressure adjuster 302, the position can be moved up and down on the device top plate 303. By changing the position on the device top plate 303, the pressure applied to the test solution 502 can be adjusted.

[0159] The pressure regulator (lower) 704 or the pressure regulator (upper) 703 is provided with a pressure adjuster 302. The pressure adjuster 302 is equipped with a drive motor (not shown), and the pressure adjuster 302 moves in the vertical direction by the drive of the drive motor (not shown). Also, as shown in FIG. 13, the outer shape of the sample 102 may be measured using the laser outer shape measuring instrument 701.

[0160] The laser outer shape measuring instrument 701 is composed of a laser light projecting unit (not shown) and a laser light receiving unit (not shown), and outputs the outer shape position of the measurement object (sample 102) arranged between the two as an electric signal. The laser light 702 generated by the laser light projecting unit is irradiated onto the sample 102, and based on the output from the light receiving unit, the outer shape of the sample 102 etc. are displayed on the display unit of the laser outer shape measuring instrument 701.

[0161] The measurement range of the laser outer shape measuring instrument 701 is about 60 mm, but the larger the measurement length, the more easily the positioning error for this laser outer shape measuring instrument is affected. Therefore, the laser outer shape measuring instrument 701 is moved and positioned by the moving stage 603.

[0162] FIG. 14 is a block diagram of the control circuit in the expansion test apparatus of the present invention. The camera - stage control circuit 605 controls the camera (image measuring instrument, position measuring instrument) 301 and the moving stage 603. The camera (image measuring instrument, position measuring instrument) 301 photographs the sample 102 and moves the moving stage 603 so that the position of the sample 102 becomes the central part of the photograph.

[0163] The swelling change of the sample 102 is affected by temperature, pressure, etc. Therefore, if necessary, a pressure sensor 202 for measuring the pressure applied to the test solution 502 and the sample 102, and a temperature sensor 203 for measuring the temperature of the sample 102 are arranged.

[0164] In the container 101, there are arranged a temperature regulator (heating device, cooling device) 308 for setting or adjusting the temperature of the sample 102 or the test solution 502, a pressure sensor 202 for monitoring or measuring the pressure of the sample 102 or the test solution 502, and a temperature sensor 203 for monitoring or measuring the temperature of the sample 102 or the test solution 502. The sensor control circuit 606 controls these temperature sensor 203, pressure sensor 202, and temperature regulator 308, and also transfers the temperature and the acquired pressure data to the control circuit 604.

[0165] The moving stage 603 and the camera (image measuring device, position measuring device) 301 are controlled by the camera-stage control circuit 605. The camera (image measuring device, position measuring device) 301 detects the position of the sample 102 and performs position correction by the moving stage 603. As shown in FIG. 2, the dimensions A, B, and C are measured or obtained, and the change in the volume of the sample 102 is obtained as necessary. The measured data is transmitted from the camera-stage control circuit 605 to the control circuit 604.

[0166] The control circuit 604 controls the solvent container 508 and the solute container 505. The solvent 507 is put in from the solvent container 508. Also, the solute 506 is put in from the solute container 505. The ratio of the solute 506 and the solvent 507 is determined by the weight % of the test solution 502 for the test. Also, the control circuit 604 controls the electric (mechanical) pump 403 and the on-off valve 103, and the test solution 502 is sent to the electric pump 403a. Also, the test solution 502 is discharged.

[0167] The control circuit 604 controls and adjusts the ratio or weight % of the mass or volume of the solvent and solute of the test solution 502 by controlling the input amounts of the solute 506 from the solute container 505 and the solvent 507 from the solvent container 508.

[0168] The sample 102 is stirred and filled into the solution container 503. Inside the solution container 503, a temperature regulator (not shown) for setting the temperature of the test solution 502 to a constant value (predetermined value) is arranged. As the temperature regulator, an example is a device using a Peltier element. The Peltier element can be heated, cooled, or have its temperature changed and set according to the direction of the current flowing through the element.

[0169] The expanding material (member C) increases in volume as it expands. For example, when the member C arranged between the component A and the component B expands, it can seal well between the member A and the member B. Or make them adhere closely. Therefore, there is no gap between the component A and the component B, and for example, water, oil, etc. will not leak out. To expand the member C, it is sufficient to fill the solvent around it. However, if only the solvent is filled, it is difficult to control and set the degree of expansion of the member C.

[0170] In the present invention, by setting the ratio of the solvent to the solute of the test solution 502, the expansion state of the member C can be set and controlled. The expansion of the member C becomes smaller when reducing the weight percentage of the solvent filled in the solute. The expansion of the member C becomes larger when increasing the weight percentage of the solvent filled in the solute. In the present invention, by filling a solution in which the solvent and the solute are mixed at a predetermined ratio around the member C, the expansion state of the member C can be controlled and set.

[0171] Figure 15 is an example of a connected product of components applying the expansion test method of the present invention. As an example, the member C is exemplified as an O-ring 102. The component A is a connector 805. The component B is a pipe 802. Inside the pipe 802, a shaft component composed of a shaft 804, a connector 805, and a head 801 is inserted.

[0172] Figure 15 is an example of a configuration in which, as an embodiment of the present invention, a shaft composed of a shaft 804, a connector 805, and a head 801 is inserted into a cylindrical pipe 802, and the O-ring 102 is arranged in the gap between the shaft and the pipe to fix the pipe 802 and the shaft.

[0173] An O-ring 102 is disposed between the connector 805 and the pipe 802. The test solution 502 is filled around the O-ring 102. Note that the test solution 502 in Fig. 15 is not a solution for the swelling test, but a solution for properly swelling a sealing member such as the O-ring 102. The test solution 502 is a solution in which a solvent and a solute are properly mixed as shown in Fig. 3.

[0174] As shown in Fig. 3, as the period (number of days, hours) elapses, the swelling ratio increases. However, the rate of increase in the swelling ratio decreases as the period (number of days, hours) elapses, and the swelling ratio becomes almost a constant value. For example, when the period (number of days, hours) is 20 or more, the swelling ratio hardly changes.

[0175] When a sample (O-ring) 102 or the like is immersed in the test solution 502 and swollen, the volume increase is fixed when the period (number of days) is 20 or more. The swelling ratio is defined by weight%. For example, when the weight% = 10, the swelling ratio is 1.05. Therefore, if the final swollen state is to be 1.05, the weight% = 10 may be set.

[0176] In the embodiment of Fig. 15, if the swelling ratio of the O-ring (sample) 102 is targeted to be 1.05, as shown in Fig. 3, the weight% = 10 and the test solution 502 may be filled around the O-ring 102. If the swelling ratio is targeted to be 1.15, as shown in Fig. 3, the weight% may be set to about 30.

[0177] As described above, when swelling the O-ring (sample) 102 to bring the connector 805 and the pipe 802 into close contact, a solution 502 in which the solvent or solute to be mixed is defined from the target swelling ratio may be prepared and filled. As described above, by applying the swelling test method of the present invention, it is possible to satisfactorily achieve close contact and sealing between a plurality of members.

Industrial Applicability

[0178] According to the present invention, it is possible to accurately evaluate the degree of crosslinking of materials such as rubber and resin, and rubber and resin products, and it is also possible to evaluate them in conformity with the actual use state.

Explanation of reference numerals

[0179] 101 Container (bag) 102 Sample 103 On-off valve 104 Inlet / outlet pipe 105 Holding part 106 Partition plate 201 Syringe 202 Pressure sensor 203 Temperature sensor 204 Container lid 301 Camera (image measuring device, position measuring device, observation device, vision) 302 Pressure adjuster 303 Device top plate 304 Support column 305 Pressing part 306 Sealing packing (elastic material, fitting, buffer material, sponge) 307 Container wall 308 Temperature regulator 309 (Container) bottom plate 400 Device stand 401 Device foot 403 Pump 501 Stirring fan 502 Test solution 503 Solution container 504 Supply pipe 505 Solute container 506 Solute 507 Solvent 508 Solvent container 601 X-axis moving stage 602 Y-axis moving stage 603 Moving stage 604 Control circuit 605 Camera-stage control circuit 606 Sensor control circuit 701 Laser outer diameter measuring device 703 Pressure adjustment container (upper) 704 Pressure adjustment container (lower) 705 Support tool (upper) 706 Support tool (lower) 801 Head 802 Pipe 803 Cap 804 Shaft 805 Connector 901 Polarizing plate 902 Light source 903 Incident light (illumination light) 904 Reflected light (output light)

Claims

【Claim 1】 Placing a sample in a container, filling a test solution obtained by mixing a solvent and a solute around the sample, and measuring the expansion of the sample, characterized in that it is an expansion test method.

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