Projection member, piping member, and piping system

Abstract

To provide a projection member, a piping member, and a piping system which can improve a flow rate while allowing for downsizing.SOLUTION: A projection member 6-1 is within a straight pipe part (vertical pipe 3) constituting a piping system, and partially reduces a flow passage cross-sectional area of the straight pipe part (vertical pipe 3). The projection member 6-1 has an apex part 6c located between an upstream end (first end 6a) and a downstream end (second end 6b) in a flow direction of a fluid flowing through the straight pipe part (vertical pipe 3) and making the flow passage cross-sectional area of the straight pipe part (vertical pipe 3) minimum, and a surface 60a which can contact with the fluid. The surface 60a includes a water repellent region 600 having water repellency. At least a part of the water repellent region 600 is located between the upstream end (first end 6a) and the apex part 6c.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a protrusion member, a piping member, and a piping system.

Background Art

[0002] Patent Document 1 discloses a siphon rain gutter system (piping system). The siphon rain gutter system disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes an eaves gutter, a cylindrical portion that penetrates a water inlet formed on the bottom surface of the eaves gutter, a siphon generating portion for generating a siphon phenomenon, and an elbow. The elbow is installed on the downstream side of the siphon rain gutter system. The elbow includes a curved pipe portion and receiving ports provided at both ends of the curved pipe portion. In the curved pipe portion when viewed in a cross-section in a plane including the pipe axis of the curved pipe portion, the radius of curvature of the inner peripheral surface (inner wall surface) on the inner peripheral side is larger than 64 mm and smaller than 100 mm.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] In the technology disclosed in Patent Document 1, although an improvement in flow rate (drainage capacity) can be expected, the elbow becomes relatively large.

[0005] The present disclosure provides a protrusion member, a piping member, and a piping system that can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] The protruding member according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a protruding member that is inside a straight pipe portion constituting a piping system and that partially reduces the flow path cross-sectional area of the straight pipe portion, and is located between the upstream end and the downstream end in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the straight pipe portion, and has a top portion that minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area of the straight pipe portion, and a surface that can contact the fluid. The surface includes a water-repellent region having water repellency, and at least a part of the water-repellent region is between the upstream end and the top portion.

[0007] The piping member according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes the above-described protruding member and a straight pipe.

[0008] The piping system according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes the above-described one or more protruding members, a plurality of straight pipe portions, and one or more joints that connect the plurality of straight pipe portions, and the one or more protruding members are inside one or more corresponding straight pipe portions among the plurality of straight pipe portions.

Advantages of the Invention

[0009] The aspect of the present disclosure can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0010]

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MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0011] [1. Embodiment] Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the drawings as appropriate. However, a more detailed description than necessary may be omitted. For example, detailed descriptions of well-known matters and redundant descriptions of substantially the same configurations may be omitted. This is to avoid making the following description unnecessarily redundant and to facilitate the understanding of those skilled in the art. Note that the inventors provide the accompanying drawings and the following description to enable those skilled in the art to fully understand the present disclosure, and do not intend to limit the subject matter described in the claims thereby.

[0012] Unless otherwise specified, positional relationships such as up, down, left, and right are based on the positional relationships shown in the drawings. Each of the drawings described in the following embodiments is a schematic diagram, and the ratios of the sizes and thicknesses of the respective components in each drawing do not necessarily reflect the actual dimensional ratios. Also, the dimensional ratios of the respective components are not limited to the ratios shown in the drawings.

[0013] In the following description, when it is necessary to distinguish between a plurality of components, prefixes such as "first" and "second" are attached to the names of the components. However, when the components can be distinguished from each other by the reference numerals attached to the components, the prefixes such as "first" and "second" may be omitted in consideration of the readability of the text.

[0014] In the following description, when it is necessary to distinguish between a plurality of components, suffixes such as "-1" and "-2" are attached to the reference numerals of the components. However, when it is not necessary to distinguish between a plurality of components, the suffixes such as "-1" and "-2" may be omitted in consideration of the readability of the text.

[0015] [1.1 Embodiment 1] [1.1.1 Configuration] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a piping system 1 according to Embodiment 1. The piping system 1 is for transporting a fluid with a Reynolds number of 4000 or more. A fluid with a Reynolds number of 4000 or more can be said to be a fluid in which the flow inside the cylinder becomes turbulent. Examples of fluids include liquids (such as drinking water, heat source water, wastewater, oil, etc.), gases (such as air, steam, etc.), and gas-liquid two-phase flows (mixtures of liquids and gases). In this embodiment, the piping system 1 is used as a drainage system. The piping system 1 is a rain gutter system that receives rainwater from the roof 11a of the building 11 and flows it to the step 21 on the ground 20. The piping system 1 constitutes a flow path for rainwater. The rainwater collected in the step 21 flows out from the step 21 through the buried pipe 22 into the rainwater pipe. The building 11 is, for example, a building of a non-residential facility such as a store, office, factory, building, school, welfare facility, or hospital, and a residential facility building such as a detached house, apartment building, or each dwelling unit of a detached house or apartment building. Non-residential facilities also include theaters, cinemas, convention halls, amusement arcades, complex facilities, department stores, hotels, inns, kindergartens, libraries, museums, art galleries, underground shopping streets, stations, and airports, etc.

[0016] The piping system 1 includes eaves gutters 2, vertical pipes 3, horizontal pipes 4, bend pipes 15-1, 15-2, protrusion members 6-1, 6-2, 6-3, a vertical pipe 7, and a drain 8.

[0017] The eaves gutter 2 receives rainwater from the roof 11a of the building 11. The eaves gutter 2 is installed under the roof 11a of the building 11. As an example, the eaves gutter 2 is arranged at the eaves of the roof 11a. In particular, the eaves gutter 2 is arranged to extend along the eaves of the roof 11a. The eaves gutter 2 is in the shape of a long trough. The eaves gutter 2 has a bottom wall 2a. A water inlet 2b is formed in the bottom wall 2a according to the overall design of the piping system 1. The water inlet 2b is, for example, a circular opening. The water inlet 2b is also called a drainage port or a drop port. As an example, the eaves gutter 2 can be formed by extrusion molding of a resin material. The eaves gutter 2 may be provided with a core material for reinforcing the strength of the entire eaves gutter 2. The core material can be, for example, made of metal. As another example, the eaves gutter 2 may be formed of a metal plate, such as a steel plate (also called a coil).

[0018] The drain 8 is disposed at the water inlet 2b of the eaves gutter 2. The drain 8 reduces the generation of vortices and the entrainment of air at the water inlet 2b. The drain 8 may contribute to the occurrence of the siphon phenomenon. The drain 8 may have a well-known configuration.

[0019] In the piping system 1, the riser 3 is not directly connected to the water inlet 2b, but is connected to the water inlet 2b via the horizontal pipe 4, the riser 7, and the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2. In the piping system 1, each of the riser 3, the horizontal pipe 4, and the riser 7 is a straight pipe portion. The straight pipe portion defines a linear flow path. That is, the piping system 1 includes a plurality of straight pipe portions. The plurality of straight pipe portions include, in order from the downstream side, a first straight pipe portion (riser 3), a second straight pipe portion (horizontal pipe 4), and a third straight pipe portion (riser 7). The bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 are joints. The joints connect the straight pipe portions to each other.

[0020] The riser 3 defines a vertical flow path. The riser 3 is also referred to as a downspout in the rain gutter system. The riser 3 is installed to drain rainwater from the water inlet 2b. The riser 3 vertically flows the rainwater from the water inlet 2b. The riser 3 is straight tubular. The cross section perpendicular to the central axis C3 of the riser 3 is circular. The riser 3 is arranged such that the direction of the central axis C3 of the riser 3 coincides with the vertical direction (up and down direction). The riser 3 has an upstream end 3a and a downstream end 3b. The upstream end 3a is the end (the upper end in FIG. 1) of the riser 3 connected to the water inlet 2b. The downstream end 3b is the end (the lower end in FIG. 1) of the riser 3 inserted into the step portion 21. In FIG. 1, a drain pipe cover 34 is arranged so that rainwater does not flow into the step portion 21 from the gap between the riser 3 and the step portion 21.

[0021] The horizontal pipe 4 defines a flow path in a direction intersecting the vertical direction. In the rainwater gutter system, the horizontal pipe 4 is also called a leader pipe. The horizontal pipe 4 is a part for flowing rainwater from the building 11 from the water inlet 2b to the vertical pipe 3. The horizontal pipe 4 is located between the water inlet 2b of the rainwater from the building 11 and the vertical pipe 3. The horizontal pipe 4 is straight. The cross-section perpendicular to the central axis C4 of the horizontal pipe 4 is circular. The horizontal pipe 4 is fixed such that the direction of the central axis C4 of the horizontal pipe 4 is inclined with respect to the vertical direction (up and down direction). The horizontal pipe 4 has an upstream end 4a and a downstream end 4b. The upstream end 4a is the end (the left end in FIG. 1) connected to the water inlet 2b in the horizontal pipe 4. The downstream end 4b is the end (the right end in FIG. 1) connected to the vertical pipe 3 in the horizontal pipe 4.

[0022] The vertical pipe 7 defines a vertical flow path. The vertical pipe 7 vertically flows rainwater from the water inlet 2b. The vertical pipe 7 is connected to the drain 8 and is disposed on the downstream side of the water inlet 2b. The vertical pipe 7 is located between the water inlet 2b and the horizontal pipe 4. The vertical pipe 7 is straight. The cross-section perpendicular to the central axis C7 of the vertical pipe 7 is circular. The vertical pipe 7 is arranged such that the direction of the central axis C7 of the vertical pipe 7 coincides with the vertical direction (up and down direction). The vertical pipe 7 has an upstream end 7a and a downstream end 7b. The upstream end 7a is the end (the upper end in FIG. 1) connected to the water inlet 2b in the vertical pipe 7. The downstream end 7b is the end (the lower end in FIG. 1) connected to the horizontal pipe 4 in the vertical pipe 7.

[0023] As an example, the materials of the vertical pipe 3, the horizontal pipe 4, and the vertical pipe 7 are rigid polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions of the vertical pipe 3, the horizontal pipe 4, and the vertical pipe 7, for example, the outer shape and the thickness, may be set in accordance with the standards of the rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe (general) in JIS K 6741 "Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe".

[0024] The bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 change the direction of the flow path. The bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 are connection joints that connect flow paths with different directions, such as a vertical pipe and a horizontal pipe, for example. Each of the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 has a receiving port 151 and 152 to which the upstream and downstream piping members are respectively connected, and a bent portion 150 connecting the receiving ports 151 and 152.

[0025] The bent pipe 15-1 is a first bent pipe that connects the vertical pipe 3 (first straight pipe portion) and the horizontal pipe 4 (second straight pipe portion). The bent pipe 15-1 connects the upstream end portion 3a of the vertical pipe 3 to the downstream end portion 4b of the horizontal pipe 4. In the bent pipe 15-1, the downstream end portion 4b of the horizontal pipe 4 is connected to the receiving port 151, and the upstream end portion 3a of the vertical pipe 3 is connected to the receiving port 152. The bent pipe 15-2 is a second bent pipe that connects the water collecting port 2b and the horizontal pipe 4. The bent pipe 15-2 connects the upstream end portion 4a of the horizontal pipe 4 to the water collecting port 2b. In the bent pipe 15-2, the water collecting port 2b is connected to the receiving port 151, and the upstream end portion 4a of the horizontal pipe 4 is connected to the receiving port 152. In the present embodiment, a vertical pipe 7 is disposed between the water collecting port 2b and the bent pipe 15-2. That is, the bent pipe 15-2 is a second bent pipe that connects the vertical pipe 7 (third straight pipe portion) and the horizontal pipe 4 (second straight pipe portion). The bent pipe 15-2 connects the upstream end portion 4a of the horizontal pipe 4 to the downstream end portion 7b of the vertical pipe 7. In the bent pipe 15-2, the downstream end portion 7b of the vertical pipe 7 is connected to the receiving port 151, and the upstream end portion 4a of the horizontal pipe 4 is connected to the receiving port 152.

[0026] The bent pipe 15-1 is not necessarily a member that directly connects the upstream end portion 3a of the vertical pipe 3 to the downstream end portion 4b of the horizontal pipe 4, and may be a member that indirectly connects the upstream end portion 3a of the vertical pipe 3 to the downstream end portion 4b of the horizontal pipe 4 via another member. The bent pipe 15-2 is not necessarily a member that directly connects the upstream end portion 4a of the horizontal pipe 4 to the water collecting port 2b, and may be a member that indirectly connects the upstream end portion 4a of the horizontal pipe 4 to the water collecting port 2b via another member.

[0027] As an example, the material of the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 is, for example, rigid polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions of the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 may be set, for example, in accordance with the standards of JIS K 6739, "Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe Fittings for Drainage". In the present embodiment, the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 are 90° elbows. The 90° elbow may be, for example, a 90° bent elbow (so-called DL) defined in JIS K 6739. The angle between the central axes of the inlets 151 and 152 is, for example, 91.17° defined in JIS K 6739, "Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe Fittings for Drainage".

[0028] The protruding members 6-1 to 6-3 are inside the corresponding straight pipe portions among the plurality of straight pipe portions (the vertical pipe 3, the horizontal pipe 4, the vertical pipe 7), and are used to partially reduce the flow path cross-sectional area of the corresponding straight pipe portions. In the present embodiment, the protruding member 6-1 corresponds to the first straight pipe portion (the vertical pipe 3). The protruding member 6-2 corresponds to the third straight pipe portion (the vertical pipe 7). The protruding member 6-3 corresponds to the second straight pipe portion (the horizontal pipe 4).

[0029] The protruding members 6-1 to 6-3 and the corresponding straight pipe portions (the vertical pipe 3, the vertical pipe 7, the horizontal pipe 4) respectively constitute the piping members 10-1 to 10-3. More specifically, the piping member 10-1 includes the protruding member 6-1 and the vertical pipe 3. The piping member 10-2 includes the protruding member 6-2 and the vertical pipe 7. The piping member 10-3 includes the protruding member 6-3 and the horizontal pipe 4.

[0030] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a configuration example of the piping member 10-1, and FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the piping member 10-1. As understood from FIGS. 2 and 3, the piping member 10-1 includes the vertical pipe 3 and the protruding member 6-1.

[0031] As shown in FIG. 3, the protruding member 6-1 has a size that can be arranged in the vertical pipe 3, that is, a length, a width, and a height (thickness). The material of the protruding member 6-1 is, for example, rigid polyvinyl chloride.

[0032] The protruding member 6-1 has a first end 6a and a second end 6b. The first end 6a and the second end 6b are both ends in the longitudinal direction of the protruding member 6-1. The longitudinal direction of the protruding member 6-1 corresponds to the flow direction in which the fluid flows through the corresponding straight pipe portion (vertical pipe 3). The flow direction in which the fluid flows through the vertical pipe 3 coincides with the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. The first end 6a is closer to the first bent pipe 15-1 than the second end 6b.

[0033] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the piping member 10-1. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 4. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view with a part of the piping member 10-1 cut away. FIG. 7 is a plan view of the piping member 10-1. FIG. 8 is a bottom view of the piping member 10-1. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IX-IX of FIG. 5. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line X-X of FIG. 5. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XI-XI of FIG. 5. FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XII-XII of FIG. 5. FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XIII-XIII of FIG. 5.

[0034] As shown in FIG. 4, the protruding member 6-1 has a surface 60a that can contact the fluid flowing in the vertical pipe 3 and a contact surface 60b that contacts the inner peripheral surface 30a of the vertical pipe 3.

[0035] As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the contact surface 60b has a convex shape when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. The radius of curvature of the contact surface 60b is set based on the radius of curvature of the inner peripheral surface 30a so that there is substantially no gap between the contact surface 60b and the inner peripheral surface 30a of the vertical pipe 3.

[0036] As shown in FIGS. 4 to 8, the surface 60a is on the side opposite to the contact surface 60b in the protruding member 6-1. The protruding member 6-1 has a main surface 61 and first and second side surfaces 62, 63.

[0037] As shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, the main surface 61 extends from the first end 6a toward the second end 6b. As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the main surface 61 faces the central side of the vertical pipe 3 when viewed in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. The first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 are on both sides of the main surface 61 when viewed in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. In FIG. 7, the first side surface 62 is on the left side of the main surface 61, and the second side surface 63 is on the right side of the main surface 61.

[0038] In the protruding member 6-1, the main surface 61 and the first and second side surfaces 62, 63 can come into contact with the fluid flowing in the vertical pipe 3. As shown in FIG. 5, the protruding member 6-1 causes a flow F1 along the main surface, a flow F2 along the first side surface 62, and a flow F3 along the second side surface 63.

[0039] The protruding member 6-1 has a first separation wall 64 for promoting the separation of the flow F1 and the flow F2. The presence of the first separation wall 64 can make it easier for the flow F2 to separate from the flow F1. The first separation wall 64 is between the main surface 61 and the first side surface 62. In the present embodiment, the first separation wall 64 is the boundary portion between the main surface 61 and the first side surface 62. In other words, the boundary portion between the main surface 61 and the first side surface 62 constitutes a wall between the flow path having the main surface 61 as the bottom surface and the flow path having the first side surface 62 as the bottom surface. The first separation wall 64 can be formed by the main surface 61 and the first side surface 62 both being concave.

[0040] The protruding member 6-1 has a second separation wall 65 for promoting the separation of the flow F1 and the flow F3. The presence of the second separation wall 65 can make it easier for the flow F3 to separate from the flow F1. The second separation wall 65 is between the main surface 61 and the second side surface 63. In the present embodiment, the second separation wall 65 is the boundary portion between the main surface 61 and the second side surface 63. In other words, the boundary portion between the main surface 61 and the second side surface 63 constitutes a wall between the flow path having the main surface 61 as the bottom surface and the flow path having the second side surface 63 as the bottom surface. The second separation wall 65 can be formed by the main surface 61 and the second side surface 63 both being concave.

[0041] As can be understood from FIGS. 4, 5, and 7 to 13, the shape (cross-sectional shape) of the protruding member 6-1 as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 changes along the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3.

[0042] As shown in FIG. 4, the height of the protruding member 6-1 changes along the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. In the present embodiment, the protruding member 6-1 has a top portion 6c between the first end 6a and the second end 6b. The top portion 6c is the portion where the height is the highest in the protruding member 6-1. The height of the protruding member 6-1 increases monotonically from the first end 6a toward the top portion 6c. The height of the protruding member 6-1 decreases monotonically from the top portion 6c toward the second end 6b. The protruding member 6-1 minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area of the vertical pipe 3 at the top portion 6c.

[0043] As shown in FIG. 4, in a cross-section orthogonal to the width direction of the protruding member 6-1, the main surface 61 includes a curved surface shape that protrudes toward the second wall surface 30c at the top portion 6c. Thereby, the flow rate can be improved. From another viewpoint, the main surface 61 may have a shape that protrudes toward the second wall surface 30c so as to generate a Coandă effect on the downstream side of the bent pipe 15-1. That is, the main surface 61 may have a shape that generates a Coandă effect on the downstream side of the bent pipe 15-1. Thereby, the flow rate can be improved while enabling miniaturization.

[0044] As can be understood from FIGS. 7 to 13, the shape of the main surface 61 as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 changes along the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3.

[0045] From FIGS. 7 and 9, at least a part of the main surface 61 is concave as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. At least a part of the main surface 61 is a part on the first end 6a side of the main surface 61. That is, the main surface 61 is concave at the first end 6a. As viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3, the radius of curvature of at least a part (the first end 6a) of the main surface 61 is equal to or less than the radius of curvature of the inner peripheral surface 30a of the vertical pipe 3. Thereby, the pressure loss at the protruding member 6-1 can be reduced.

[0046] As shown in FIGS. 7 to 11, the main surface 61 has a concave shape at the first end 6a, but has a convex shape at the second end 6b. That is, the shape of the main surface 61 as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 changes from a concave shape to a convex shape from the first end 6a toward the second end 6b. This makes it easier for a flow to occur along the main surface 61 of the protruding member 6-1. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11, the shape of the main surface 61 as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 is convex at the top 6c. The shape of the main surface 61 as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 is convex in the range from the top 6c to the second end 6b. In the present embodiment, the protruding member 6-1 has a flat portion 6d between the first end 6a and the top 6c. As shown in FIG. 10, in the flat portion 6d, the main surface 61 is planar as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3.

[0047] In the range where the main surface 61 has a concave shape, the center of the concave shape of the main surface 61, that is, the lowest portion in the concave shape, is closer to the center than the ends in the width direction of the protruding member 6-1. In the range where the main surface 61 has a convex shape, the center of the convex shape of the main surface 61, that is, the highest portion in the convex shape, is closer to the center than the ends in the width direction of the protruding member 6-1. In the present embodiment, the center of the convex shape of the main surface 61 coincides with the center in the width direction of the protruding member 6-1.

[0048] As can be understood from FIGS. 7 to 13, the shapes of the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 change along the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3.

[0049] From FIGS. 7 and 9, at least a part of the first side surface 62 is concave as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. At least a part of the first side surface 62 is a portion on the first end 6a side of the first side surface 62. That is, the first side surface 62 has a concave shape at the first end 6a. This can reduce the pressure loss in the protruding member 6-1.

[0050] As can be seen from FIGS. 7 and 9, at least a part of the second side surface 63 is concave when viewed in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. At least a part of the second side surface 63 is a part on the first end 6a side of the second side surface 63. That is, the second side surface 63 is concave at the first end 6a. Thereby, the pressure loss at the protruding member 6-1 can be reduced.

[0051] The shape of the first side surface 62 when viewed in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 remains concave from the first end 6a toward the second end 6b. As can be understood from FIGS. 11 to 13, the depth of the concave shape of the first side surface 62 becomes shallower as it goes from the top 6c toward the second end 6b. Thereby, on the downstream side of the protruding member 6-1, the flow F2 along the first side surface 62 can be smoothly merged into the flow F1 along the main surface 61.

[0052] The shape of the second side surface 63 when viewed in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 remains concave from the first end 6a toward the second end 6b. As can be understood from FIGS. 11 to 13, the depth of the concave shape of the second side surface 63 becomes shallower as it goes from the top 6c toward the second end 6b. Thereby, on the downstream side of the protruding member 6-1, the flow F3 along the second side surface 63 can be smoothly merged into the flow F1 along the main surface 61.

[0053] Referring to FIG. 5, in the protruding member 6-1, the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 are symmetric with respect to the center line of the protruding member 6-1 along the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. Thereby, the flow rate can be improved.

[0054] As shown in FIG. 5, the width of the protruding member 6-1 varies along the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. The width of the protruding member 6-1 refers to the width at the part of the protruding member 6-1 closest to the inner peripheral surface 30a of the vertical pipe 3. In the present embodiment, the width of the protruding member 6-1 corresponds to the width of the contact surface 60b of the protruding member 6-1. The protruding member 6-1 has a first part 6e, a second part 6f, and a third part 6g between the first end 6a and the second end 6b, where the direction of the width change changes. The first part 6e is between the first end 6a and the top 6c, more specifically, between the flat part 6d. The second part 6f is between the top 6c and the second end 6b. The third part 6g is between the second part 6f and the second end 6b. The width of the protruding member 6-1 increases monotonically from the first end 6a toward the first part 6e. The width of the protruding member 6-1 decreases monotonically from the first part 6e toward the second part 6f. The width of the protruding member 6-1 increases monotonically from the second part 6f toward the third part 6g. The width of the protruding member 6-1 decreases monotonically from the third part 6g toward the second end 6b. Note that the width of the protruding member 6-1 is the largest at the first part 6e. As shown in FIG. 7, let the maximum value of the width of the protruding member 6-1 as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 (the width at the first part 6e) be W1. Assuming the inner diameter of the vertical pipe 3 is d, then 0.5d ≦ W1 ≦ 0.9d. Here, assuming the maximum value of the distance between the first separation wall 64 and the second separation wall 65 as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 is W2, then 0.3d ≦ W2 ≦ 0.7d. And W2 ≦ W1.

[0055] The main surface 61 narrows in width from at least the first end 6a to the top 6c as it goes from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. This configuration can smoothly merge the flows F2 and F3 along the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 into the flow F1 along the main surface 61 on the downstream side of the protruding member 6-1. In the present embodiment, the width of the main surface 61 decreases monotonically from the first end 6a to the second end 6b.

[0056] The first side surface 62 includes a portion that widens from the first end 6a toward the second end 6b. More specifically, the portion on the first end 6a side of the first side surface 62 widens from the first end 6a toward the second end 6b. This configuration can reduce the pressure loss. In the present embodiment, the portion on the first end 6a side of the first side surface 62 includes the portion from the first end 6a to the flat portion 6d on the first side surface 62.

[0057] The second side surface 63 includes a portion that widens from the first end 6a toward the second end 6b. More specifically, the portion on the first end 6a side of the second side surface 63 widens from the first end 6a toward the second end 6b. This configuration can reduce the pressure loss. In the present embodiment, the portion on the first end 6a side of the second side surface 63 includes the portion from the first end 6a to the flat portion 6d on the second side surface 63.

[0058] The first separation wall 64 and the second separation wall 65 are formed not on the whole but on a part of the protruding member 6-1 in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. More specifically, the first separation wall 64 and the second separation wall 65 exist within a predetermined range along the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 from the first end 6a. The predetermined range is the range from the first end 6a to the flat portion 6d.

[0059] The distance between the first separation wall 64 and the second separation wall 65 becomes shorter from the first end 6a toward the second end 6b. This configuration can separate the flow F1 along the main surface 61 into the flows F2 and F3 along the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 on the upstream side of the protruding member 6-1, and smoothly merge the flows F2 and F3 along the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 into the flow F1 along the main surface 61 on the downstream side of the protruding member 6-1.

[0060] The heights of the first separation wall 64 and the second separation wall 65 decrease from the first end 6a toward the second end 6b. This configuration separates the flow F1 along the main surface 61 into the flows F2 and F3 along the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 on the upstream side of the protruding member 6-1, and smoothly merges the flows F2 and F3 along the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 into the flow F1 along the main surface 61 on the downstream side of the protruding member 6-1.

[0061] Refer to FIGS. 4 and 11. Let the diameter of the vertical pipe 3 be d, and the distance between the first end 6a and the second end 6b in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 (i.e., the length of the protruding member 6-1) be L. In the protruding member 6-1, it is preferable that 0.5d ≦ L ≦ 5.0d. Thereby, the generation of pressure loss due to separation on the downstream side from the bent pipe 15-1 can be further reduced. Therefore, the flow rate can be improved while enabling miniaturization.

[0062] Refer to FIG. 4. The top 6c of the protruding member 6-1 is a portion where the flow path cross-sectional area is the smallest in the piping member 10-1. Let the distance between the first end 6a and the top 6c in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 be L1. In the protruding member 6-1, it is preferable that 0.1L ≦ L1 ≦ 0.5L. Thereby, the generation of pressure loss due to separation on the downstream side from the bent pipe 15-1 can be further reduced. Therefore, the flow rate can be improved while enabling miniaturization.

[0063] Refer to FIG. 4. Let the distance between the top 6c and the second end 6b in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 be L2. L2 = L - L1. In the protruding member 6-1, it is preferable that L2 > L1. That is, the top 6c is preferably closer to the first end 6a than the second end 6b. Thereby, the generation of pressure loss due to separation on the downstream side from the bent pipe 15-1 can be further reduced. Therefore, the flow rate can be improved while enabling miniaturization.

[0064] Refer to FIG. 11. When viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3, let the distance between the top 6c of the protruding member 6-1 and the second wall surface 30c be D1. In the protruding member 6-1, it is preferable that 0.60d ≤ D1 ≤ 0.95d. Thereby, the generation of pressure loss due to separation on the downstream side from the bent pipe 15-1 can be further reduced. Therefore, the flow rate can be improved while enabling miniaturization.

[0065] When viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3, let the height at the top 6c of the protruding member 6-1 be H1. H1 is H1 = d - D1. In the protruding member 6-1, it is preferable that 0.05d ≤ H1 ≤ 0.40d. Thereby, the generation of pressure loss due to separation on the downstream side from the bent pipe 15-1 can be further reduced. Therefore, the flow rate can be improved while enabling miniaturization.

[0066] Let the maximum flow path cross-sectional area of the vertical pipe 3 be A. The maximum flow path cross-sectional area A is obtained from the inner diameter d of the vertical pipe 3. That is, A = π(d / 2) 2 is. Let the cross-sectional area of the protruding member at the top 6c be A1. In the protruding member 6-1, it is preferable that A1 / A ≤ 0.4. Thereby, the generation of pressure loss due to separation on the downstream side from the bent pipe 15-1 can be further reduced. Therefore, the flow rate can be improved while enabling miniaturization. Let the minimum value of the flow path cross-sectional area in the piping member 10-1 be A2. A2 is the flow path cross-sectional area at the top 6c of the protruding member 6-1. A2 is A2 = A - A1. In the protruding member 6-1, it is preferable that 0.6 ≤ A2 / A < 1. Thereby, the generation of pressure loss due to separation on the downstream side from the bent pipe 15-1 can be further reduced. Therefore, the flow rate can be improved while enabling miniaturization.

[0067] As shown in FIGS. 4, 6, and 7, the protruding member 6-1 has a contact end face 66 at the first end 6a. In the present embodiment, the inner diameter of the vertical pipe 3 is larger than the inner diameter of the bent portion 150 of the bent pipe 15-1. The contact end face 66 is provided to fill the difference in inner diameter between the vertical pipe 3 and the bent portion 150 of the bent pipe 15-1. As shown in FIG. 4, the presence of the contact end face 66 can reduce the step between the wall surface 150a on the inner peripheral side of the bent portion 150 of the bent pipe 15-1 and the main surface 61 of the protruding member 6-1. Thereby, the flow of fluid from the bent pipe 15-1 to the piping member 10-1 is less likely to be obstructed.

[0068] As shown in FIG. 7, the protruding member 6-1 has protrusions 67. The protrusions 67 are used for the connection or positioning between the vertical pipe 3 and the protruding member 6-1. The protrusions 67 are arranged on the contact surface 60b. The protrusions 67 are shaped to fit into the recesses 3c of the vertical pipe 3. In the present embodiment, the vertical pipe 3 has a pair of recesses 3c at the edge of the upstream end 3a. The recesses 3c are formed as notches. The protruding member 6-1 includes a pair of protrusions 67 that respectively fit into the pair of recesses 3c. By fitting the pair of protrusions 67 into the pair of recesses 3c respectively, the protruding member 6-1 is positioned with respect to the vertical pipe 3.

[0069] In the piping member 10-1 described above, the protruding member 6-1 is arranged on the inner peripheral surface 30a of the vertical pipe 3. As a result, the flow path cross-sectional area of the piping member 10-1 is not constant, and there is a reduced portion where the flow path cross-sectional area of the piping member 10-1 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the vertical pipe 3. The protruding member 6-1 is on the upstream end 3a side of the vertical pipe 3 rather than on the downstream end 3b side of the vertical pipe 3. In the present embodiment, the protruding member 6-1 is at the upstream end 3a of the vertical pipe 3. That is, the protruding member 6-1 reduces the flow path at the upstream end 3a of the vertical pipe 3 connected to the bent pipe 15-1.

[0070] The protruding member 6-1 is arranged to protrude from the first wall surface 30b on the inner peripheral side of the vertical pipe 3 toward the second wall surface 30c on the outer peripheral side of the vertical pipe 3. The first wall surface 30b is a part on the inner peripheral side (for example, the inner half part) of the bent pipe 15-1 on the inner peripheral surface 30a of the vertical pipe 3. The second wall surface 30c is a part on the outer peripheral side (for example, the outer half part) of the bent pipe 15-1 on the inner peripheral surface 30a of the vertical pipe 3. The inner peripheral surface 30a is composed of the first wall surface 30b and the second wall surface 30c.

[0071] The protruding member 6-1 described above is at the end on the side of the first bent pipe 15-1 (the upstream end 3a) inside the vertical pipe 3. In particular, the protruding member 6-1 is on the inner peripheral side (the left side in FIG. 1) of the first bent pipe 15-1 in the vertical pipe 3. In the protruding member 6-1, the top 6c is closer to the first end 6a than the second end 6b, and the first end 6a is closer to the first bent pipe 15-1 than the second end 6b. In the protruding member 6-1, a fluid flow occurs from the first end 6a toward the second end 6b. That is, in the protruding member 6-1, the first end 6a is the upstream end in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the vertical pipe 3, and the second end 6b is the downstream end in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the vertical pipe 3.

[0072] As described above, the protruding member 6-1 has a surface 60a that can contact the fluid flowing through the vertical pipe 3, and causes a flow along the surface 60a (the flow F1 along the main surface 61, the flow F2 along the first side surface 62, and the flow F3 along the second side surface 63). Here, the longer the distance that the flow (F1, F2, F3) travels along the surface 60a, the more the generation of pressure loss due to separation can be reduced, and thus the flow rate can be improved. To increase the distance that the flow (F1, F2, F3) travels along the surface 60a, it is conceivable to expand the range in which the turbulent boundary layer is maintained without being separated in the length direction of the protruding member 6-1. When the fluid flows along the surface 60a, vortices are generated in the fluid. By separating such vortices from the surface 60a, the separation of the turbulent boundary layer can be reduced.

[0073] Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, in the protruding member 6-1, the surface 60a includes a water-repellent region 600 having water-repellent properties. In the surface 60a, the region other than the water-repellent region 600 has lower water-repellent properties than the water-repellent region 600. In FIG. 5, for the sake of simple and clear explanation, the water-repellent region 600 is shown by dot hatching.

[0074] At least a part of the water-repellent region 600 is between the upstream end (the first end 6a) and the top 6c. In the protruding member 6-1, the entire water-repellent region 600 is between the upstream end (the first end 6a) and the top 6c. That is, the water-repellent region 600 is not between the top 6c and the downstream end (the second end 6b).

[0075] In the protruding member 6-1, the upstream end (the first end 6a) is on the upper side and the downstream end (the second end 6b) is on the lower side. Therefore, the region between the upstream end (the first end 6a) and the top 6c on the surface 60a faces upward. Thus, when the fluid flows along the surface 60a, the fluid is pressed against the surface 60a side by gravity. As a result, the vortex in the fluid tries to approach the surface 60a, but due to the presence of the water-repellent region 600, the vortex can be separated from the surface 60a, and the separation of the turbulent boundary layer can be reduced.

[0076] The water-repellent region 600 only needs to be between the upstream end (the first end 6a) and the top 6c. In the protruding member 6-1, it is preferable that the water-repellent region 600 occupies 70% or more of the region between the upstream end and the top 6c on the surface 60a. In other words, the area of the water-repellent region 600 may be 70% or more of the area of the region between the upstream end and the top 6c on the surface 60a. In the present embodiment, the water-repellent region 600 occupies 100% of the region between the upstream end (the first end 6a) and the top 6c on the surface 60a. Thereby, the distance along which the fluid travels along the surface 60a of the protruding member 6-1 can be increased, and the flow rate can be improved.

[0077] The water repellent region 600 preferably extends from the upstream end (the first end 6a) to the top 6c in the flow direction. This can increase the distance that the fluid travels along the surface 60a of the protruding member 6-1 and improve the flow rate. In the present embodiment, the water repellent region 600 exists throughout the width direction of the protruding member 6-1. That is, the water repellent region 600 exists throughout the main surface 61, the first side surface 62, and the second side surface 63.

[0078] The contact angle of the water repellent region 600 is 90° or more. This can increase the distance that the fluid travels along the surface 60a of the protruding member 6-1 and improve the flow rate. The contact angle is defined as the angle formed between the liquid surface and the solid surface (taking the angle inside the liquid), and the larger the contact angle, the higher the water repellency (the lower the hydrophilicity), and the smaller the contact angle, the lower the water repellency (the higher the hydrophilicity).

[0079] The water repellent region 600 can be realized, for example, by using a water repellent material. Specifically, at least the portion corresponding to the water repellent region 600 on the surface 60a can be made of a water repellent material. Examples of the water repellent material include fluororesin or resin with a fluorine coating, but are not limited thereto, and may be well-known water repellent materials.

[0080] The water repellent region 600 may have a water repellent structure.

[0081] FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram of a first example of the water repellent structure. In the first example, the water repellent structure includes a plurality of convex portions 610. The convex portions 610 extend along the flow direction F0. The flow direction F0 corresponds to the length direction of the protruding member 6-1. The plurality of convex portions 610 are arranged at predetermined intervals in a direction intersecting the flow direction F0. The direction intersecting the flow direction F0 corresponds to the width direction of the protruding member 6-1. The arithmetic mean roughness of the water repellent structure is 2 or more and 100 or less. The convex portions 610 are triangular in shape when viewed from the flow direction F0. As an example, the base W610 of the convex portion 610 is 10 μm or more and 500 μm or less, the height H610 of the convex portion 610 is 10 μm or more and 500 μm or less, and the predetermined interval D610 is 10 μm or more and 2000 μm or less.

[0082] FIG. 15 is an explanatory view of a second example of the water repellent structure. In the second example, the water repellent structure includes a plurality of convex portions 620. The convex portions 620 extend along the flow direction F0. The flow direction F0 corresponds to the length direction of the protruding member 6-1. The plurality of convex portions 620 are arranged at predetermined intervals in a direction intersecting the flow direction F0. The direction intersecting the flow direction F0 corresponds to the width direction of the protruding member 6-1. The arithmetic mean roughness of the water repellent structure is 2 or more and 100 or less. The convex portion 620 is rectangular or square when viewed from the flow direction F0. As an example, the width W620 of the convex portion 620 is 10 μm or more and 500 μm or less, the height H620 of the convex portion 620 is 10 μm or more and 500 μm or less, and the predetermined interval D620 is 10 μm or more and 2000 μm or less.

[0083] Such a water repellent structure can increase the distance along which the fluid travels along the surface 60a of the protruding member 6-1 and improve the flow rate. Note that the water repellent structure as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15 is called a riblet and can be formed by riblet processing. Note that the water repellent structure is not limited to riblets. The water repellent structure can be realized by blasting or attaching a processed film.

[0084] The presence of the water repellent region 600 on the surface 60a of the protruding member 6-1 can increase the distance along which the fluid travels along the surface 60a of the protruding member 6-1 and improve the flow rate.

[0085] FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the piping member 10-2. The protruding member 6-2 of the piping member 10-3 has the same shape as the protruding member 6-1. The protruding member 6-2 is at the end on the side of the second bent pipe 15-2 (downstream end 7b) inside the vertical pipe 7. In particular, the protruding member 6-2 is on the inner peripheral side of the second bent pipe 15-2 in the vertical pipe 7. In the protruding member 6-2, the first end 6a is closer to the second bent pipe 15-2 than the second end 6b. In the protruding member 6-2, a fluid flow occurs from the second end 6b toward the first end 6a. That is, in the protruding member 6-2, the second end 6b is the upstream end in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the vertical pipe 7, and the first end 6a is the downstream end in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the vertical pipe 7.

[0086] As shown in FIG. 16, also in the protruding member 6-2, the surface 60a includes a water-repellent region 600 having water repellency. In FIG. 16, for the sake of simplicity of explanation, the water-repellent region 600 is shown by dot hatching. At least a part of the water-repellent region 600 is between the upstream end (the second end 6b) and the top 6c. In the protruding member 6-2, the entire water-repellent region 600 is between the upstream end (the second end 6b) and the top 6c. That is, the water-repellent region 600 is not between the top 6c and the downstream end (the first end 6a).

[0087] In the protruding member 6-2, the upstream end (the second end 6b) is on the upper side and the downstream end (the first end 6a) is on the lower side. Therefore, the region between the upstream end (the second end 6b) and the top 6c on the surface 60a faces upward. Therefore, when the fluid flows along the surface 60a, the fluid is pressed against the surface 60a side by gravity. As a result, the vortex in the fluid tries to approach the surface 60a, but due to the presence of the water-repellent region 600, the vortex can be separated from the surface 60a, and the separation of the turbulent boundary layer can be reduced.

[0088] The water-repellent region 600 only needs to be between the upstream end (the second end 6b) and the top 6c. In the protruding member 6-2, the water-repellent region 600 preferably occupies 70% or more of the region between the upstream end and the top 6c on the surface 60a. In the present embodiment, the water-repellent region 600 occupies 100% of the region between the upstream end and the top 6c on the surface 60a. Thereby, the distance along the surface 60a of the protruding member 6-2 can be lengthened, and the flow rate can be improved.

[0089] The water-repellent region 600 preferably extends from the upstream end (the second end 6b) to the top 6c in the flow direction. Thereby, the distance along the surface 60a of the protruding member 6-2 can be lengthened, and the flow rate can be improved. In the present embodiment, the water-repellent region 600 exists over the entire width direction of the protruding member 6-2.

[0090] Other configurations (contact angle, material, water-repellent structure, etc.) of the water-repellent region 600 of the protruding member 6-2 may be the same as those of the water-repellent region 600 of the protruding member 6-1.

[0091] Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view of the piping member 10-3. The protruding member 6-3 of the piping member 10-3 has the same shape as the protruding member 6-1. The protruding member 6-3 is at the end (downstream end 4b) on the side of the first bent pipe 15-1 inside the horizontal pipe 4. In particular, the protruding member 6-3 is on the inner circumferential side of the first bent pipe 15-1 in the horizontal pipe 4. In the protruding member 6-3, the first end 6a is closer to the first bent pipe 15-1 than the second end 6b. In the protruding member 6-3, a fluid flow occurs from the second end 6b toward the first end 6a. That is, in the protruding member 6-3, the second end 6b is the upstream end in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the horizontal pipe 4, and the first end 6a is the downstream end in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the horizontal pipe 4.

[0092] As shown in Figure 17, also in the protruding member 6-3, the surface 60a includes a water-repellent region 600 having water repellency. In Figure 17, for the sake of easy explanation, the water-repellent region 600 is shown by dot hatching. At least a part of the water-repellent region 600 is between the upstream end (second end 6b) and the top 6c. In the protruding member 6-3, all of the water-repellent region 600 is between the upstream end (second end 6b) and the top 6c. That is, the water-repellent region 600 is not between the top 6c and the downstream end (first end 6a).

[0093] In the protruding member 6-3, the entire surface 60a faces upward. Therefore, the region between the upstream end (second end 6b) and the top 6c on the surface 60a also faces upward. Therefore, when the fluid flows along the surface 60a, the fluid is pressed against the surface 60a side by gravity. As a result, the vortex in the fluid tries to approach the surface 60a, but due to the presence of the water-repellent region 600, the vortex can be separated from the surface 60a, and the separation of the turbulent boundary layer can be reduced.

[0094] The water-repellent region 600 may be located between the upstream end (the second end 6b) and the top 6c. In the protruding member 6-3, the water-repellent region 600 preferably occupies 70% or more of the region between the upstream end and the top 6c on the surface 60a. In the present embodiment, the water-repellent region 600 occupies 100% of the region between the upstream end and the top 6c on the surface 60a. Thereby, the distance along which the fluid flows along the surface 60a of the protruding member 6-3 can be increased, and the flow rate can be improved.

[0095] The water-repellent region 600 preferably extends from the upstream end (the second end 6b) to the top 6c in the flow direction. Thereby, the distance along which the fluid flows along the surface 60a of the protruding member 6-3 can be increased, and the flow rate can be improved. In the present embodiment, the water-repellent region 600 exists throughout in the width direction of the protruding member 6-3.

[0096] Other configurations (contact angle, material, water-repellent structure, etc.) of the water-repellent region 600 of the protruding member 6-3 may be the same as those of the water-repellent region 600 of the protruding member 6-1.

[0097] Next, the action of the protruding member 6-1 in the piping member 10-1 will be described. The protruding member 6-1 is disposed in the vertical pipe 3 disposed on the downstream side of the bent pipe 15-1. The bent pipe 15-1 flows the water flowing in from the horizontal pipe 4 into the vertical pipe 3. When the flow direction of the water in the bent pipe 15-1 changes greatly, the pressure loss due to separation can contribute to the decrease in the flow rate.

[0098] Figure 18 is a diagram of the pressure distribution simulation in the piping member 100 of the comparative example. The piping member 100 of the comparative example differs from the piping member 10-1 in that it does not have the protruding member 6-1. In Figure 18, the darker the color, the lower the pressure. In particular, in the part indicated by R in Figure 18, the pressure loss is large, and the existence of such a part with a large pressure loss can be a major factor in the significant decrease in flow rate. The pressure loss at the part indicated by R in Figure 18 is considered to be caused by separation. This separation is caused by water separating from the first wall surface 30b of the piping member 100 on the downstream side of the inner peripheral wall surface 150a of the bent pipe 15-1. That is, as indicated by the arrow F in Figure 18, the water flowing in from the upstream side initially flows along the pipe wall 200, but may separate from the first wall surface 30b of the piping member 100 after the inner peripheral wall surface 150a of the bent pipe 15-1. Such separation is particularly likely to appear prominently when the flow velocity of water is high. The higher the flow velocity, the wider the range where pressure loss is likely to occur.

[0099] In the present embodiment, the piping member 10-1 has the protruding member 6-1. The presence of the protruding member 6-1 can be expected to (1) make it easier for water to flow along the pipe wall than in the case where there is no protruding member 6-1, and (2) reduce the part itself where pressure loss may occur. Therefore, the protruding member 6-1 can reduce the occurrence of pressure loss caused by separation on the downstream side from the bent pipe 15-1 and can achieve an improvement in flow rate. The piping member 10-1 only needs to be provided with the protruding member 6-1, and unlike the technology described in Patent Document 1, it does not need to increase the radius of curvature of the inner peripheral surface on the inner peripheral side of the bent pipe 15-1, thus enabling miniaturization. Therefore, the protruding member 6-1 can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization. The protruding member 6-1 is inside the vertical pipe 3, and the protruding member 6-1 becomes less conspicuous when viewed as the entire piping system 1. As a result, an improvement in the aesthetics of the entire piping system 1 can be expected.

[0100] In the piping system 1, there is a range where pressure loss due to separation is likely to occur on the downstream side of the bent pipe 15-2. The protruding member 6-2 is located at the end on the bent pipe 15-2 side (downstream end 7b) inside the vertical pipe 7. In particular, the protruding member 6-2 is on the inner peripheral side (right side in FIG. 1) of the bent pipe 15-2 in the vertical pipe 7. In the protruding member 6-2, the top 6c is closer to the first end 6a than the second end 6b, and the first end 6a is closer to the bent pipe 15-2 than the second end 6b. In the protruding member 6-2, a fluid flow occurs from the second end 6b toward the first end 6a. The presence of the protruding member 6-2 makes it possible to guide water to a range where pressure loss due to separation is likely to occur on the downstream side of the bent pipe 15-2. As a result, it can be expected to reduce the site itself where pressure loss may occur. Therefore, the protruding member 6-2 can reduce the occurrence of pressure loss caused by separation on the downstream side from the bent pipe 15-2 and achieve an improvement in flow rate. The piping member 10-2 only includes the protruding member 6-2, and unlike the technique described in Patent Document 1, it is not necessary to increase the radius of curvature of the inner peripheral surface on the inner peripheral side of the bent pipe 15-2, enabling miniaturization. Therefore, the protruding member 6-2 can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization. The protruding member 6-2 is inside the vertical pipe 7, and the protruding member 6-2 becomes less conspicuous when viewed as the entire piping system 1. As a result, an improvement in the aesthetic appearance of the entire piping system 1 can be expected.

[0101] In the piping system 1, there is a range where pressure loss due to separation is likely to occur on the downstream side of the bent pipe 15-1. The protruding member 6-3 is at the end on the side of the bent pipe 15-1 inside the horizontal pipe 4 (the downstream end 4b). In particular, the protruding member 6-3 is on the inner peripheral side (the lower side in FIG. 1) of the bent pipe 15-1 in the horizontal pipe 4. In the protruding member 6-3, the top 6c is closer to the first end 6a than the second end 6b, and the first end 6a is closer to the first bent pipe 15-1 than the second end 6b. In the protruding member 6-3, a fluid flow occurs from the second end 6b toward the first end 6a. The presence of the protruding member 6-3 allows water to be guided to the range where pressure loss due to separation is likely to occur on the downstream side of the bent pipe 15-1. As a result, it can be expected to reduce the part itself where pressure loss may occur. Therefore, the protruding member 6-3 can reduce the occurrence of pressure loss caused by separation on the downstream side from the bent pipe 15-1 and achieve an improvement in flow rate. The piping member 10-3 only includes the protruding member 6-3, and unlike the technique described in Patent Document 1, it is not necessary to increase the radius of curvature of the inner peripheral surface on the inner peripheral side of the bent pipe 15-1, enabling miniaturization. Therefore, the protruding member 6-3 can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization. The protruding member 6-3 is inside the horizontal pipe 4, and the protruding member 6-3 becomes less conspicuous when viewed as the entire piping system 1. As a result, an improvement in the aesthetics of the entire piping system 1 can be expected.

[0102] As described above, in the piping system 1, the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 can cause pressure loss in the pipeline. When there are a plurality of bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 in the pipeline, each of the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 is basically equivalent in the pipeline. The bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 generally have a loss coefficient of about 0.3 to 1.5, depending on their shapes. Here, if the protruding member 6 is arranged on either the upstream side or the downstream side of one of the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2, the influence of the pressure loss caused by one of the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 can be reduced. In particular, if the protruding member 6 is arranged on both the upstream side and the downstream side of one of the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2, since the fluid flows along the protruding member 6 from the upstream side to the downstream side of one of the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2, the fluid can flow smoothly through the bent flow path inside one of the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2, which enables further reduction of the pressure loss. Therefore, if the protruding member 6 is arranged on both the upstream side and the downstream side of both of the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 as in the piping system 1, the pressure loss in both of the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 can be greatly reduced, and the effect of reducing the pressure loss can be maximized.

[0103] [1.1.2 Effects, etc.] The protruding members 6-1 to 6-3 described above are inside the straight pipe portions (the vertical pipes 3, 7, and the horizontal pipe 4) constituting the piping system 1, and partially reduce the flow path cross-sectional area of the straight pipe portions (the vertical pipes 3, 7, and the horizontal pipe 4). The protruding members 6-1 to 6-3 are located between the upstream end (the first end 6a of the protruding member 6-1, the second ends 6b of the protruding members 6-2 and 6-3) and the downstream end (the second end 6b of the protruding member 6-1, the first ends 6a of the protruding members 6-2 and 6-3) in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the straight pipe portions (the vertical pipes 3, 7, and the horizontal pipe 4), and include a top portion 6c that minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area of the straight pipe portions (the vertical pipes 3, 7, and the horizontal pipe 4), and a surface 60a that can contact the fluid. The surface 60a includes a water-repellent region 600 having water repellency. At least a part of the water-repellent region 600 is between the upstream end (the first end 6a of the protruding member 6-1, the second ends 6b of the protruding members 6-2 and 6-3) and the top portion 6c. This configuration can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0104] In the protruding members 6-1 to 6-3, the water-repellent region 600 occupies 70% or more of the region between the upstream end (the first end 6a of the protruding member 6-1, the second ends 6b of the protruding members 6-2 and 6-3) and the top 6c on the surface 60a. This configuration can increase the distance along which the fluid flows along the surface 60a of the protruding members 6-1 to 6-3 and improve the flow rate.

[0105] In the protruding members 6-1 to 6-3, in the flow direction, the water-repellent region 600 extends from the upstream end (the first end 6a of the protruding member 6-1, the second ends 6b of the protruding members 6-2 and 6-3) to the top 6c. This configuration can increase the distance along which the fluid flows along the surface 60a of the protruding members 6-1 to 6-3 and improve the flow rate.

[0106] In the protruding members 6-1 to 6-3, the contact angle of the water-repellent region 600 is 90° or more. This configuration can increase the distance along which the fluid flows along the surface 60a of the protruding members 6-1 to 6-3 and improve the flow rate.

[0107] In the protruding members 6-1 to 6-3, at least the portion corresponding to the water-repellent region 600 on the surface 60a is made of a water-repellent material. This configuration can increase the distance along which the fluid flows along the surface 60a of the protruding members 6-1 to 6-3 and improve the flow rate.

[0108] In the protruding members 6-1 to 6-3, the water-repellent region 600 has a water-repellent structure. This configuration can increase the distance along which the fluid flows along the surface 60a of the protruding members 6-1 to 6-3 and improve the flow rate.

[0109] In the protruding members 6-1 to 6-3, the water-repellent structure includes a plurality of convex portions 610, 620 along the flow direction arranged at a predetermined interval in a direction intersecting the flow direction, and the arithmetic mean roughness of the water-repellent structure is 2 or more and 100 or less. This configuration can increase the distance along which the fluid flows along the surface 60a of the protruding members 6-1 to 6-3 and improve the flow rate.

[0110] The piping members 10-1 to 10-3 described above include the protruding members 6-1 to 6-3 and straight pipe portions (vertical pipes 3, 7, and horizontal pipe 4). This configuration can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0111] The above-mentioned straight pipe system 1 includes one or more protruding members 6-1 to 6-3, a plurality of straight pipe portions (vertical pipes 3, horizontal pipes 4, vertical pipes 7), and one or more joints (bending pipes 15-1, 15-2) that connect the plurality of straight pipe portions to each other. The one or more protruding members 6-1 to 6-3 are inside one or more corresponding straight pipe portions among the plurality of straight pipe portions, and partially reduce the flow path cross-sectional area of the one or more corresponding straight pipe portions. This configuration can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0112] In the pipe system 1, the plurality of straight pipe portions (vertical pipes 3, horizontal pipes 4, vertical pipes 7) include, in order from the downstream side, a first straight pipe portion (vertical pipe 3), a second straight pipe portion (horizontal pipe 4), and a third straight pipe portion (vertical pipe 7). The one or more joints (bending pipes 15-1, 15-2) include a first bending pipe 15-1 that connects the first straight pipe portion (vertical pipe 3) and the second straight pipe portion (horizontal pipe 4), and a second bending pipe 15-2 that connects the second straight pipe portion (horizontal pipe 4) and the third straight pipe portion (vertical pipe 7). The one or more protruding members 6-1 to 6-3 are at least one of the inner circumferential side of the first bending pipe 15-1 at the end 3a on the side of the first bending pipe 15-1 in the first straight pipe portion (vertical pipe 3), the inner circumferential side of the second bending pipe 15-2 at the end 7b on the side of the second bending pipe 15-2 in the third straight pipe portion (vertical pipe 7), or the inner circumferential side of the first bending pipe 15-1 at the end 4a on the side of the first bending pipe 15-1 in the second straight pipe portion (horizontal pipe 4). This configuration can increase the distance along which the fluid travels along the surface 60a of the protruding members 6-1 to 6-3 and improve the flow rate.

[0113] [1.2 Embodiment 2] [1.2.1 Configuration] FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of a pipe member 10A-1 of a pipe system according to Embodiment 2. The pipe member 10A-1 includes a protruding member 6A-1. Note that the cross-sectional views taken along lines IX-IX, X-X, XI-XI, XII-XII, and XIII-XIII in FIG. 19 are the same as those in FIGS. 9 to 13.

[0114] The protruding member 6A-1 is, like the protruding member 6-1, at the end on the side of the first bent pipe 15-1 (the upstream end 3a) inside the vertical pipe 3. The top 6c is closer to the first end 6a than the second end 6b, and the first end 6a is closer to the first bent pipe 15-1 than the second end 6b. In the protruding member 6A-1 as well, a fluid flow occurs from the first end 6a toward the second end 6b. In the protruding member 6A-1, the first end 6a is the upstream end in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the vertical pipe 3, and the second end 6b is the downstream end in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the vertical pipe 3.

[0115] In the protruding member 6A-1, the surface 60a includes a water-repellent region 600 having water repellency, like the protruding member 6-1. In FIG. 19, for the sake of simple and clear explanation, the water-repellent region 600 is shown by dot hatching. In the present embodiment, the entire surface 60a is the water-repellent region 600. Therefore, the water-repellent region 600 is between the upstream end (the first end 6a) and the top 6c and between the top 6c and the downstream end (the second end 6b).

[0116] Preferably, the water-repellent region 600 occupies 70% or more of the region between the upstream end (the first end 6a) and the top 6c on the surface 60a. In the present embodiment, the water-repellent region 600 occupies 100% of the region between the upstream end (the first end 6a) and the top 6c on the surface 60a. Thereby, the distance along which the fluid travels along the surface 60a of the protruding member 6A-1 can be lengthened, and the flow rate can be improved.

[0117] Preferably, the water-repellent region 600 extends from the upstream end (the first end 6a) to the top 6c in the flow direction. Thereby, the distance along which the fluid travels along the surface 60a of the protruding member 6A-1 can be lengthened, and the flow rate can be improved. In the present embodiment, the water-repellent region 600 exists throughout in the width direction of the protruding member 6A-1.

[0118] The water-repellent region 600 preferably occupies 70% or more of the region between the top 6c and the downstream end (second end 6b) on the surface 60a. In the present embodiment, the water-repellent region 600 occupies 100% of the region between the top 6c and the downstream end (second end 6b) on the surface 60a. Thereby, the distance along which the fluid flows along the surface 60a of the protruding member 6A-1 can be increased, and the flow rate can be improved.

[0119] In the flow direction, the water-repellent region 600 preferably extends from the top 6c to the downstream end (6b). Thereby, the distance along which the fluid flows along the surface 60a of the protruding member 6A-1 can be increased, and the flow rate can be improved. In the present embodiment, the water-repellent region 600 exists throughout in the width direction of the protruding member 6A-1.

[0120] [1.2.2 Effects, etc.] In the protruding member 6A-1 described above, the water-repellent region 600 is between the upstream end (first end 6a) and the top 6c and between the top 6c and the downstream end (second end 6b). Thereby, the distance along which the fluid flows along the surface 60a of the protruding member 6A-1 can be increased, and the flow rate can be improved.

[0121] In the protruding members 6-2 and 6-3, the second end 6b is the upstream end in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the corresponding straight pipe portion (vertical pipe 7, horizontal pipe 4), and the first end 6a is the downstream end in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the straight pipe portion (vertical pipe 7, horizontal pipe 4). Also in the protruding members 6-2 and 6-3, the water-repellent region 600 may be between the upstream end (second end 6b) and the top 6c and between the top 6c and the downstream end (first end 6a). In particular, in the protruding member 6-3, the entire surface 60a faces upward. Therefore, the region between the top 6c and the downstream end (first end 6a) on the surface 60a also faces upward. Therefore, also in the region between the top 6c and the downstream end (first end 6a), when the fluid flows along the surface 60a, the fluid is pressed against the surface 60a side by gravity. Thereby, the vortex in the fluid tries to approach the surface 60a, but due to the presence of the water-repellent region 600, the vortex can be separated from the surface 60a, and the separation of the turbulent boundary layer can be reduced.

[0122] [2. Modification Example] The embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the above embodiments. If the above embodiments can achieve the problems of the present disclosure, various changes can be made according to the design and the like. Hereinafter, modification examples of the above embodiments will be listed. The modification examples described below can be applied in appropriate combinations.

[0123] In the following, even if applicable to any of the above Embodiments 1 and 2, reference is made to the reference numerals used in Embodiment 1, but this is merely for simplifying the description and is not intended to exclude the application to Embodiment 2.

[0124] [2.1 Modification Example 1] FIG. 20 is a schematic view of a piping member 10B-1 of a piping system according to Modification Example 1.

[0125] The piping member 10B-1 is configured using a part of the vertical pipe 3B. The vertical pipe 3B is composed of a plurality of piping members. The vertical pipe 3B includes straight pipe portions 31, 32 and a connection joint 33 that connects the straight pipe portions 31, 32 to each other. The straight pipe portion 31 is a downstream portion of the vertical pipe 3B, and the straight pipe portion 32 is an upstream portion of the vertical pipe 3B. In this modification example, the straight pipe portion 31 is longer than the straight pipe portion 32. The first end (the upper end in FIG. 20) of the straight pipe portion 32 defines the upstream end 3a of the vertical pipe 3B, the second end (the lower end in FIG. 20) of the straight pipe portion 32 is connected to the first end (the upper end in FIG. 20) of the straight pipe portion 31 via the connection joint 33, and the second end (the lower end in FIG. 20) of the straight pipe portion 31 defines the downstream end 3b of the vertical pipe 3B. As an example, the materials of the straight pipe portions 31, 32 and the connection joint 33 are rigid polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions of the straight pipe portions 31, 32, for example, the outer shape and the thickness, may be set in accordance with the specifications of the rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe (general) of JIS K 6741 "Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe". The dimensions of the connection joint 33, for example, the outer shape and the thickness, may be set in accordance with the specifications of the socket of JIS K 6739 "Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe Joint for Drainage".

[0126] The protruding member 6B-1 constitutes the piping member 10B-1 together with the straight pipe portion 32 where the protruding member 6B-1 is disposed. Different from the piping member 10-1 that uses the entire vertical pipe 3, the piping member 10B-1 is composed of a part (straight pipe portion 32) of the vertical pipe 3B, and thus is easier to transport than the piping member 10-1.

[0127] FIG. 21 is an exploded perspective view of the piping member 10B-1. The piping member 10B-1 includes the straight pipe portion 32 of the vertical pipe 3B and the protruding member 6B-1.

[0128] The protruding member 6B-1 has a size that can be arranged within the straight pipe portion 32 of the vertical pipe 3B, that is, it has a length, width, and height (thickness).

[0129] FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view of the piping member 10B-1. FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 22. FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view with a part of the piping member 10B-1 cut away. FIG. 25 is a plan view of the piping member 10B-1. FIG. 26 is a bottom view of the piping member 10B-1.

[0130] As understood from FIGS. 22 to 26, the protruding member 6B-1 has the same shape as the protruding member 6-1 on the first end 6a side. On the other hand, different from the protruding member 6-1, the protruding member 6B-1 has an end face 68 at the second end 6b. The end face 68 intersects the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3B. In this modification, the end face 68 is perpendicular to the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3B.

[0131] As shown in FIG. 22, the protruding member 6B-1 fits within the straight pipe portion 32 in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3B. In this modification, the length of the protruding member 6B-1 (the distance between the first end 6a and the second end 6b) is equal to the length of the straight pipe portion 32. That is, in the piping member 10B-1, the entire protruding member 6B-1 is within the straight pipe portion 32. Thereby, the protruding member 6B-1 can be protected by the straight pipe portion 32 as compared with the case where the protruding member 6B-1 partially protrudes from the straight pipe portion 32 to the outside. Therefore, the possibility of damage to the protruding member 6B-1 can be reduced.

[0132] FIG. 27 is a comparison diagram between the protruding member 6B-1 according to this modified example and the protruding member 6-1 according to the first embodiment. From FIG. 27, it can be said that the protruding member 6B-1 has a shape obtained by cutting the portion on the second end 6b side of the protruding member 6-1 in a direction perpendicular to the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3B. The height of the protruding member 6B-1 monotonically decreases from the top 6c toward the second end 6b. If the length of the protruding member 6B-1 is extended downstream, the protruding member 6B-1 virtually has a portion where the height of the protruding member 6B-1 becomes 0. The portion where the height of the protruding member 6B-1 becomes 0 may correspond to the second end 6b of the protruding member 6-1.

[0133] The protruding member 6B-1 can be made smaller in dimension in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3B compared to the protruding member 6-1. In particular, the protruding member 6B-1 has a shape obtained by cutting the portion on the second end 6b side that protrudes from the straight pipe portion 32 to the outside in the protruding member 6-1. That is, when the protruding member 6-1 is disposed in the straight pipe portion 32, the portion on the second end 6b side of the protruding member 6-1 protrudes outward from the second end of the straight pipe portion 32. Since the second end 6b of the protruding member 6-1 is thin in thickness, it is easily damaged. Therefore, when the protruding member 6-1 is disposed in the straight pipe portion 32, the protruding member 6-1 may be damaged during transportation or the like. On the other hand, since the entire protruding member 6B-1 is inside the straight pipe portion 32, the possibility of damage to the protruding member 6B-1 or the like can be reduced.

[0134] The protruding member 6B-1 has the advantage that it can be made smaller in dimension in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3B compared to the protruding member 6-1 and can prevent damage. Such a change in shape between the protruding member 6B-1 and the protruding member 6-1 may also cause a change in pressure loss. Therefore, an evaluation was made of the change in pressure loss due to the difference in shape between the protruding member 6-1 and the protruding member 6B-1. FIG. 28 is a graph showing the change in pressure loss by the protruding member 6B-1 with respect to the protruding member 6-1.

[0135] In the graph of FIG. 28, the vertical axis indicates the pressure loss in the piping member. The horizontal axis indicates the ratio of length [%]. The ratio of length [%] is the percentage of the distance from the top 6c to the second end 6b in the protruding member 6B-1 with respect to the distance from the top 6c to the second end 6b in the protruding member 6-1.

[0136] In FIGS. 22 and 27, the distance between the first end 6a and the second end 6b of the protruding member 6B-1 in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3B is represented by L'. The distance between the top 6c and the second end 6b of the protruding member 6B-1 in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3B is represented by L2'. In FIG. 27, the distance between the second end 6b of the protruding member 6B-1 and the second end 6b of the protruding member 6-1 in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3B is represented by ΔL. L2 = L2' + ΔL, and L = L' + ΔL. The percentage of the length [%] is obtained by L2' / L2×100.

[0137] In FIG. 28, the fact that the percentage of the length is 100% indicates that the shape of the protruding member 6B-1 is equal to the shape of the protruding member 6-1. The fact that the percentage of the length is 0% indicates that the protruding member 6B-1 has the shape from the first end 6a to the top 6c. The height of the protruding member 6B-1 monotonically decreases from the top 6c toward the second end 6b. Therefore, the lower the percentage of the length, the higher the height of the protruding member 6B-1 at the second end 6b. From FIG. 28, it is understood that the lower the percentage of the length, the lower the effect of reducing the pressure loss. However, the relationship between the percentage of the length and the pressure loss is not linear, and the pressure loss increases exponentially with the decrease in the percentage of the length. That is, the increase in the pressure loss with respect to the decrease in the percentage of the length is relatively gentle. That is, it can be said that the decrease in the effect of reducing the pressure loss with respect to the decrease in the percentage of the length is limited. Considering such points, L2' is set to satisfy the following conditions. That is, assuming that the height of the protruding member 6B-1 at the top 6c is H1 and the height of the protruding member 6B-1 at the second end 6b is H2, 0.05H1≦H2≦0.90H1. This enables improvement of the flow rate while allowing miniaturization. In particular, the length of the protruding member 6B-1 can be made shorter than that of the protruding member 6-1. Therefore, miniaturization of the protruding member 6B-1 becomes possible. Furthermore, since the protruding member 6B-1 has fewer thin portions in the downstream portion of the protruding member 6B-1 compared to the protruding member 6-1, the possibility of breakage of the protruding member 6B-1 can be reduced.

[0138] As described in Embodiment 1, in the protruding member 6-1, it is preferable that 0.5d ≦ L ≦ 5.0d. By this, the generation of pressure loss due to peeling on the downstream side from the bent pipe 15-1 can be further reduced. Therefore, the flow rate can be improved while enabling miniaturization. Here, as described above, L = L1 + L2’ + ΔL. And if the decrease amount per unit length of the height of the protruding member 6-1 from the top 6c to the second end 6b is constant, then (H1 - H2) / L2’ = H2 / ΔL. That is, ΔL = H2 / (H1 - H2) × L2’. Thus, the formula 0.5d ≦ L ≦ 5.0d can be rewritten using L1 and L2’ as 0.5d ≦ L1 + H1 / (H1 - H2) × L2’ ≦ 5.0d. Therefore, in the protruding member 6B-1, if the inner diameter of the straight pipe portion 32 is d, the distance between the first end 6a and the top 6c in the direction of the central axis C3 of the straight pipe portion 32 is L1, and the distance between the top 6c and the second end 6b in the direction of the central axis C3 of the straight pipe portion 32 is L2’, it is preferable that 0.5d ≦ L1 + H1 / (H1 - H2) × L2’ ≦ 5.0d.

[0139] The protruding member 6B-1 described above includes a top 6c that minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area of the straight pipe portion 32 between the first end 6a and the second end 6b. The protruding member 6B-1 has an end face 68 that intersects the central axis C3 of the straight pipe portion 32 at the second end 6b. If the height at the top 6c is H1 and the height at the second end 6b is H2, then 0.05H1 ≦ H2 ≦ 0.90H1. This configuration can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0140] In the protruding member 6B-1, if the inner diameter of the straight pipe portion 32 is d, the distance between the first end 6a and the top 6c in the direction of the central axis C3 of the straight pipe portion 32 is L1, and the distance between the top 6c and the second end 6b in the direction of the central axis C3 of the straight pipe portion 32 is L2’, it is preferable that 0.5d ≦ L1 + H1 / (H1 - H2) × L2’ ≦ 5.0d. This configuration can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0141] As shown in FIG. 23, in the protruding member 6B-1, the surface 60a includes a water-repellent region 600 having water repellency. At least a part of the water-repellent region 600 is between the upstream end (the first end 6a) and the top 6c.

[0142] [2.2 Modified Example 2] FIG. 29 is an exploded perspective view of the piping member 10C-1 according to Modified Example 2. The piping member 10C-1 includes a vertical pipe 3 and a protrusion member 6C-1.

[0143] The protrusion member 6C-1 has a size that can be arranged inside the vertical pipe 3, that is, a length, a width, and a height (thickness).

[0144] FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional view of the piping member 10C-1. FIG. 31 is an enlarged view of P1 in FIG. 30. FIG. 32 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of FIG. 30. FIG. 33 is a cross-sectional view with a part of the piping member 10C-1 cut away. FIG. 34 is a bottom view of the piping member 10C-1. Note that the cross-sectional views taken along lines IX-IX, X-X, XI-XI, XII-XII, and XIII-XIII in FIG. 32 are the same as those in FIGS. 9 to 13.

[0145] As shown in FIG. 30, the height of the protrusion member 6C-1 changes along the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. The protrusion member 6C-1 has a top portion 6c and a protruding portion 6h.

[0146] The protruding portion 6h extends toward the center side of the vertical pipe 3 when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 from a position between the top portion 6c and the second end 6b. The protruding portion 6h is at the second end 6b. The protruding portion 6h does not protrude more than the top portion 6c when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3.

[0147] The height of the protrusion member 6C-1 increases monotonically from the first end 6a toward the top portion 6c. The height of the protrusion member 6C-1 decreases monotonically from the top portion 6c toward the second end 6b. The height of the protrusion member 6C-1 decreases from the top portion 6c to the protruding portion 6h, and then increases and decreases along the shape of the protruding portion 6h. Excluding the protruding portion 6h, when viewed from the width direction of the protrusion member 6C-1, the second end 6b has a tapered shape. Excluding the protruding portion 6h, at the second end 6b, the height of the protrusion member 6C-1 becomes 0.

[0148] Referring to FIG. 31, when the dimension of the protruding portion 6h as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 is a and the inner diameter of the vertical pipe 3 is d, then 0.01d ≦ a ≦ 0.05d. This enables an improvement in the flow rate. When the dimension of the protruding portion 6h in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 is b and the inner diameter of the vertical pipe 3 is d, then 0.01d ≦ b ≦ 0.05d. This enables an improvement in the flow rate.

[0149] In FIG. 31, the shape of the protruding member 6C-1 (hereinafter referred to as the basic shape) when the height of the protruding member 6C-1 monotonically decreases from the top 6c toward the second end 6b is indicated by a two-dot chain line. The dimensions a and b of the protruding portion 6h can be set based on this basic shape. In the basic shape, when viewed from the width direction of the protruding member 6C-1, the second end 6b has a tapered shape. At the second end 6b, the height of the protruding member 6C-1 becomes 0. The dimension a may be the maximum value of the protruding amount from the basic shape. The dimension b may be the distance between the upstream boundary and the downstream boundary between the basic shape and the protruding portion 6h.

[0150] In a cross-section orthogonal to the width direction of the protruding member 6C-1, the protruding portion 6h includes a curved surface shape protruding toward the second wall surface 30c. Thereby, the flow rate can be improved. From another perspective, the protruding portion 6h may have a shape protruding toward the second wall surface 30c so as to produce the Coandă effect. That is, the protruding portion 6h may be a shape that produces the Coandă effect on the downstream side of the top 6c. Thereby, the flow rate can be improved. Here, when the radii of curvature of the upstream corner 6h1 and the downstream corner 6h2 of the protruding portion 6h as viewed from the width direction of the protruding member 6C-1 are r, then r ≦ a or r ≦ b. Preferably, r ≦ a and r ≦ b. Note that the upstream corner 6h1 and the downstream corner 6h2 may have different radii of curvature.

[0151] As shown in FIG. 32, the protruding portion 6h is at the second end 6b. The protruding portion 6h is formed over the entire width of the second end 6b.

[0152] As shown in FIG. 34, when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3, at least a part of the protruding portion 6h has a convex surface shape. This can contribute to reducing the pressure loss in the protruding member 6C-1.

[0153] Referring to FIG. 30, the protruding member 6C-1 causes a flow along the protruding member 6C-1, mainly a flow F1 along the main surface 61. The protruding member 6C-1 has a protruding portion 6h at a portion between the top 6c and the second end 6b. Referring to FIG. 31, on the downstream side of the flow F1, a flow F4 along the protruding portion 6h can occur. As a result, the path of the flow F1 can be extended compared to the case where the protruding portion 6h does not exist. Thereby, the Coandă effect by the protruding member 6C-1 is promoted, and the flow rate can be improved. Further, since the protruding portion 6h itself causes the Coandă effect, it becomes easier to cause the flow F4.

[0154] As described above, the protruding member 6C-1 has a protruding portion 6h at a portion between the top 6c and the second end 6b. The path of the flow along the protruding member 6C-1 (mainly the flow F1) can be extended compared to the case where the protruding portion 6h does not exist. Thereby, the Coandă effect by the protruding member 6C-1 is promoted, and the flow rate can be improved. Further, the presence of the protruding portion 6h enables improvement of the strength of the portion between the top 6c and the second end 6b in the protruding member 6C-1.

[0155] As shown in FIG. 32, in the protruding member 6C-1, the surface 60a includes a water-repellent region 600 having water repellency. At least a part of the water-repellent region 600 is between the upstream end (the first end 6a) and the top 6c. The configuration of the protruding member 6C-1 can also be applied to the protruding members 6-2 and 6-3.

[0156] Note that the position of the protruding portion 6h is not limited to the second end 6b and may be between the top 6c and the second end 6b. The protruding member 6C-1 may have a plurality of protruding portions 6h between the top 6c and the second end 6b. The protruding portion 6h may be integrally formed with the protruding member 6-1 or may be formed separately and attached.

[0157] [2.3 Modification Example 3] FIG. 35 is an exploded perspective view of a piping member 10D-1 according to Modification Example 3. The piping member 10D-1 includes a straight pipe portion 32 of a vertical pipe 3B and a protruding member 6D-1.

[0158] As shown in FIG. 35, the protruding member 6D-1 has a size that can be arranged within the straight pipe portion 32 of the vertical pipe 3B, that is, it has a length, a width, and a height (thickness).

[0159] FIG. 36 is a cross-sectional view of the pipe member 10D-1. FIG. 37 is an enlarged view of P2 in FIG. 36. FIG. 38 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of FIG. 36. FIG. 39 is a cross-sectional view of a part of the pipe member 10D-1 with a cutout. FIG. 40 is a bottom view of the pipe member 10D-1.

[0160] As understood from FIGS. 36 to 40, the protruding member 6D-1 is different from the protruding member 6B-1 in that it includes a protruding portion 6h.

[0161] The protruding portion 6h extends toward the center side of the vertical pipe 3B when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3B from a portion between the top 6c and the second end 6b. The protruding portion 6h is at the second end 6b.

[0162] Referring to FIG. 37, if the dimension of the protruding portion 6h when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3B is a and the inner diameter of the vertical pipe 3B is d, then 0.01d ≦ a ≦ 0.05d. This enables an improvement in the flow rate. If the dimension of the protruding portion 6h in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3B is b and the inner diameter of the vertical pipe 3B is d, then 0.01d ≦ b ≦ 0.05d. This enables an improvement in the flow rate.

[0163] In FIG. 37, the shape of the protruding member 6D-1 when it is assumed that the height of the protruding member 6D-1 decreases monotonically from the top 6c toward the second end 6b (hereinafter referred to as the basic shape) is indicated by a two-dot chain line. The dimensions a and b of the protruding portion 6h can be set based on this basic shape. The dimension a may be the maximum value of the protruding amount from the basic shape. The dimension b may be the distance between the upstream boundary and the downstream boundary between the basic shape and the protruding portion 6h.

[0164] As shown in FIG. 36, the protruding member 6D-1, similar to the protruding member 6B-1, fits within the straight pipe portion 32 in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3B. The length of the protruding member 6D-1 (the distance between the first end 6a and the second end 6b) is equal to the length of the straight pipe portion 32. That is, in the piping member 10D-1, the entire protruding member 6D-1 is within the straight pipe portion 32. Thereby, the protruding member 6D-1 can be protected by the straight pipe portion 32 as compared with the case where the protruding member 6D-1 partially protrudes outside the straight pipe portion 32. Therefore, the possibility of damage to the protruding member 6D-1 can be reduced.

[0165] As shown in FIG. 38, in the protruding member 6D-1, the surface 60a includes a water-repellent region 600 having water repellency, similar to the protruding member 6-1. At least a part of the water-repellent region 600 is between the upstream end (the first end 6a) and the top 6c.

[0166] [2.4 Modified Example 4] FIG. 41 shows a drain member 5 which is a piping member according to Modified Example 4. FIG. 41 is a perspective view of the drain member 5, and FIG. 42 is an exploded perspective view of the drain member 5. The drain member 5 forms a part of a piping system 1 (see FIG. 1) having a vertical pipe 3 and a horizontal pipe 4. As shown in FIGS. 41 and 42, the drain member 5 connects the vertical pipe 3 and the horizontal pipe 4. The drain member 5 functions as a connecting joint (elbow) for connecting drain paths having different directions such as a vertical pipe and a horizontal pipe.

[0167] The drain member 5 has a curved pipe portion 51 and a straight pipe portion 52. In this modified example, the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight pipe portion 52 are formed separately. That is, the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight pipe portion 52 are separable members, and the drain member 5 is obtained by combining the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight pipe portion 52.

[0168] Hereinafter, the drain member 5 will be further described with reference to FIGS. 43 to 52. FIG. 43 is a cross-sectional view of the drain member 5. FIG. 44 is an exploded cross-sectional view of the drain member 5. FIG. 45 is a cross-sectional view taken along line E-E of FIG. 43.

[0169] The drain member 5 has a main body portion 50. The main body portion 50 is cylindrical, but the pipe axis (center line) of the main body portion 50 includes a curved portion and a linear portion. The main body portion 50 has a first opening 5a and a second opening 5b at both ends. The inner peripheral surface 50a of the main body portion 50 defines a bent flow path 5c.

[0170] The first opening 5a is directed upstream. The upstream side is the upstream side of the piping system 1. It can be said that the upstream side of the piping system 1 is the side of the water inlet 2b. The first opening 5a is an upstream opening. In Fig. 43, the first opening 5a is fluidly connected to the horizontal pipe 4. That is, the first opening 5a is connected to the horizontal pipe 4 so that fluid can flow in and out between the horizontal pipe 4 and the first opening 5a.

[0171] The second opening 5b is directed downstream. The downstream side is the downstream side of the piping system 1. The downstream side of the piping system 1 is the side of the step portion 21 (ground side). The second opening 5b is a downstream opening. In Fig. 43, the second opening 5b is fluidly connected to the vertical pipe 3. That is, the second opening 5b is connected to the vertical pipe 3 so that fluid can flow in and out between the horizontal pipe 4 and the second opening 5b.

[0172] The bent flow path 5c connects the first opening 5a and the second opening 5b. In particular, the bent flow path 5c connects the first opening 5a and the second opening 5b such that the central axis C1 of the first opening 5a and the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b intersect.

[0173] As can be well understood from FIGS. 43 and 44, the cross-sectional area of the bent flow path 5c is not constant, and there is a reduced portion 5c1 where the cross-sectional area of the bent flow path 5c is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the second opening 5b. As shown in FIG. 43, the first wall surface 50b on the inner peripheral side of the bent flow path 5c protrudes toward the second wall surface 50c on the outer peripheral side of the bent flow path 5c such that the reduced portion 5c1 exists between the inner peripheral corner 5d of the bent flow path 5c and the second opening 5b. The first wall surface 50b is a portion on the inner peripheral side of the bent flow path 5c (for example, the inner peripheral half portion) of the inner peripheral surface 50a of the main body portion 50. The second wall surface 50c is a portion on the outer peripheral side of the bent flow path 5c (for example, the outer peripheral half portion) of the inner peripheral surface 50a of the main body portion 50. That is, the inner peripheral surface 50a of the main body portion 50 is composed of the first wall surface 50b and the second wall surface 50c.

[0174] As shown in FIG. 43, in the drainage member 5, the first wall surface 50b on the inner peripheral side of the bent flow path 5c protrudes (partially) toward the second wall surface 50c on the outer peripheral side of the bent flow path 5c such that a reduced portion 5c1 where the cross-sectional area of the bent flow path 5c is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the second opening 5b exists between the inner peripheral corner 5d of the bent flow path 5c and the second opening 5b. That is, the first wall surface 50b includes a first portion 501 that makes the cross-sectional area of the bent flow path 5c smaller than the cross-sectional area of the second opening 5b, and second and third portions 502 and 503 that make the cross-sectional area of the bent flow path 5c match the cross-sectional area of the second opening 5b. The second portion 502 is a portion between the first portion 501 and the first opening 5a on the first wall surface 50b. The third portion 503 is a portion between the first portion 501 and the second opening 5b on the first wall surface 50b. The first portion 501 is a portion of the first wall surface 50b that includes a protruding portion 53 that protrudes from the first wall surface 50b toward the second wall surface 50c. The protruding portion 53 is a portion that forms the reduced portion 5c1 in the first portion 501 of the first wall surface 50b. In this modification, the protruding portion 53 is knob-shaped. The shape and dimensions of the reduced portion 5c1 and the protruding portion 53 will be described later.

[0175] In the drain member 5 of FIG. 43, a first part 501 of the first wall surface 50b and the second wall surface 50c form a reduced part 5c1 between the inner peripheral corner 5d of the bent flow path 5c and the second opening 5b. The bent flow path 5c includes an upstream part 5c2 on the first opening 5a side of the reduced part 5c1 in the bent flow path 5c and a downstream part 5c3 on the second opening 5b side of the reduced part 5c1 in the bent flow path 5c. The upstream part 5c2 is a part between the inner peripheral corner 5d of the bent flow path 5c and the first opening 5a in the bent flow path 5c in a plane passing through the central axis C1 of the first opening 5a and the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b. That is, the upstream part 5c2 is formed by a second part 502 of the first wall surface 50b and the second wall surface 50c. The downstream part 5c3 is a part between the boundary part between the first part 501 and the second part 502 of the first wall surface 50b and the second opening 5b in a plane passing through the central axis C1 of the first opening 5a and the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b. That is, the downstream part 5c3 is formed by a third part 503 of the first wall surface 50b and the second wall surface 50c.

[0176] As shown in FIG. 45, in the drain member 5, the reduced part 5c1 and the upstream part 5c2 are continuously connected at at least a part of the first wall surface 50b. Here, "X and Y are continuously connected" means that X and Y are connected so that there is no step or the like that inhibits the movement of fluid between X and Y. Thereby, the pressure loss between the upstream part 5c2 and the reduced part 5c1 can be reduced, and the drainage capacity can be improved. Particularly in FIG. 45, the reduced part 5c1 and the upstream part 5c2 are continuously connected along the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b on the first wall surface 50b. As shown in FIG. 45, in the drain member 5, the reduced part 5c1 and the downstream part 5c3 are continuously connected at at least a part of the first wall surface 50b. Thereby, the pressure loss between the downstream part 5c3 and the reduced part 5c1 can be reduced, and the drainage capacity can be improved. Particularly in FIG. 6, the reduced part 5c1 and the downstream part 5c3 are continuously connected along the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b on the first wall surface 50b.

[0177] The drain member 5 is composed of a bent pipe part 51 and a straight pipe part 52.

[0178] As shown in FIGS. 43 and 44, the bent pipe portion 51 has a bent portion 511 and receiving ports 512 and 513. The bent portion 511 and the receiving ports 512 and 513 are formed continuously and integrally.

[0179] The bent portion 511 constitutes an upstream portion of the main body portion 50 of the drainage member 5. The bent portion 511 is cylindrical, but the pipe axis (center line) of the bent portion 511 is not linear but curved. That is, the bent portion 511 has a curved pipe axis in the drainage member 5. The upstream end of the bent portion 511 has a first opening 5a. The downstream end of the bent portion 511 has a first connection opening 511a. The inner peripheral surface 511b of the bent portion 511 constitutes an upstream portion of the inner peripheral surface 50a of the main body portion 50. The central axis C3 of the first connection opening 511a coincides with the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b. The angle between the central axis C1 of the first opening 5a and the central axis C3 of the first connection opening 511a is, for example, 91.17° defined in JIS K 6739, "Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe Fittings for Drainage".

[0180] The receiving ports 512 and 513 are respectively provided at both ends of the bent portion 511. The receiving port 512 is cylindrical and surrounds the first opening 5a. The receiving port 512 receives the horizontal pipe 4. The inner diameter of the receiving port 512 is sized such that the horizontal pipe 4 (the downstream end 4b thereof) can be inserted into the receiving port 512. The receiving port 513 is cylindrical and surrounds the first connection opening 511a. The inner diameter of the receiving port 512 is larger than the diameter of the first opening 5a. The inner diameter of the receiving port 513 is larger than the diameter of the first connection opening 511a. The inner diameter of the receiving port 513 is sized such that the upstream end of the straight pipe portion 52 can be inserted into the receiving port 513.

[0181] As an example, the material of the bent pipe portion 51 is, for example, rigid polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions of the bent pipe portion 51 may be set, for example, in accordance with the standards of JIS K 6739, "Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe Fittings for Drainage". The bent pipe portion 51 may be a 90° elbow (so-called DL) defined in JIS K 6739.

[0182] Figures 46 to 52 show a configuration example of the straight pipe portion 52. Figure 46 is a perspective view of the configuration example of the straight pipe portion 52. Figure 47 is a side view of the straight pipe portion 52. Figure 48 is a plan view of the straight pipe portion 52. Figure 49 is a bottom view of the straight pipe portion 52. Figure 50 is a cross-sectional view taken along line F-F of Figure 48. Figure 51 is an inclined cross-sectional view taken along line G-G of Figure 48. Figure 52 is a cross-sectional view taken along line H-H of Figure 50. Note that although the straight portion 521 is a part of the drainage member 5, for the sake of clarity of the correspondence, symbols related to the bent flow path 5c of the drainage member 5 (for example, the first wall surface 50b, the second wall surface 50c, etc.) are attached as necessary.

[0183] As shown in FIGS. 46 and 47, the straight pipe portion 52 has a straight portion 521, a receiving port 522, and a protrusion 523. The straight portion 521, the receiving port 522, and the protrusion 523 are formed continuously and integrally.

[0184] The straight portion 521 constitutes a downstream portion of the main body portion 50 of the drainage member 5. The straight portion 521 is cylindrical. The pipe axis (center line) of the straight portion 521 is linear. That is, the straight portion 521 has a linear pipe axis in the drainage member 5. As shown in FIG. 50, the upstream end of the straight portion 521 has a second connection opening 521a. The downstream end of the straight portion 521 has a second opening 5b. The inner peripheral surface 521b of the straight portion 521 constitutes a downstream portion of the inner peripheral surface 50a of the main body portion 50. The central axis C4 of the second connection opening 521a coincides with the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b.

[0185] As shown in FIG. 50, the receiving port 522 is provided at the downstream end of the straight portion 521. As shown in FIG. 49, the receiving port 522 is cylindrical and surrounds the second opening 5b. The inner diameter of the receiving port 522 is larger than the diameter of the second opening 5b. The receiving port 522 receives the vertical pipe 3. In this modification, the inner diameter of the receiving port 522 is sized such that the vertical pipe 3 (the upstream end 3a thereof) can be inserted into the receiving port 522.

[0186] As shown in FIGS. 46, 47, and 50, the protrusion 523 is a part (the upstream end) of the protruding portion 53. The protrusion 523 protrudes from the second connection opening 521a to the outside of the straight portion 521. Therefore, when the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight pipe portion 52 are connected, as shown in FIG. 43, the protrusion 523 protrudes from the second connection opening 521a into the curved pipe portion 51 and covers a part of the inner peripheral surface of the bent portion 511 of the curved pipe portion 51. Thereby, the protrusion 523 constitutes a part of the reduced portion 5c1 instead of the curved pipe portion 51. The tip 523a of the protrusion 523 coincides with the inner peripheral corner 5d of the bent flow path 5c. In this modification, the reduced portion 5c1 exists across the bent portion 511 of the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight portion 521 of the straight pipe portion 52, but the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight pipe portion 52 are separate bodies. In this case, if the protruding portion 53 is divided at the boundary between the bent portion 511 and the straight portion 521, a step may occur at the boundary portion in the reduced portion 5c1. This can be a factor in inhibiting the flow of fluid in the bent flow path 5c. Therefore, in this modification, a part of the protruding portion 53, that is, the protrusion 523, protrudes from the second connection opening 521a to the outside of the straight portion 521 to constitute a part of the reduced portion 5c1 instead of the curved pipe portion 51. Thereby, even when the reduced portion 5c1 exists across the bent portion 511 of the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight portion 521 of the straight pipe portion 52, the influence of the step at the boundary portion can be reduced.

[0187] As shown in FIGS. 46 to 48, the straight pipe portion 52 further has a mark 524. The mark 524 indicates information regarding the assembly of the drainage member 5. In this modified example, the mark 524 indicates the direction in which the straight pipe portion 52 is connected to the curved pipe portion 51. The mark 524 is an arrow indicating the direction in which the straight pipe portion 52 is connected to the curved pipe portion 51. In FIGS. 46 to 48, four marks 524 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral surface of the upstream end portion of the straight pipe portion 52. The mark 524 may be a character, a figure, a symbol, a three-dimensional shape, a color, or a combination thereof that can be recognized by human perception. In this modified example, when the straight pipe portion 52 is connected to the curved pipe portion 51, the mark 524 is located at a position on the outer peripheral surface of the straight pipe portion 52 that is not hidden by the receiving port 513 of the curved pipe portion 51. However, the mark 524 may also be located at a position on the outer peripheral surface of the straight pipe portion 52 that is hidden by the receiving port 513 of the curved pipe portion 51 when the straight pipe portion 52 is connected to the curved pipe portion 51.

[0188] Next, with reference to FIGS. 43 and 44, the assembly of the drainage member 5 will be briefly described. When assembling the drainage member 5, as shown in FIG. 44, the upstream end portion of the straight portion 521 of the straight pipe portion 52 is directed toward the receiving port 513 of the curved pipe portion 51. In this case, the mark 524 on the straight pipe portion 52 helps to determine the direction of the straight pipe portion 52 with respect to the curved pipe portion 51. Then, the upstream end portion of the straight portion 521 of the straight pipe portion 52 is inserted into the receiving port 513 of the curved pipe portion 51. As a result, as shown in FIG. 43, the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight pipe portion 52 are connected. In the state where the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight pipe portion 52 are connected, the upstream end portion of the straight portion 521 is inside the receiving port 513 of the curved pipe portion 51, and the first connection opening 511a of the curved pipe portion 51 and the second connection opening 521a of the straight portion 521 are connected. As a result, the inner peripheral surface 511b of the curved pipe portion 51 and the inner peripheral surface 521b of the straight pipe portion 52 are connected, and the bent flow path 5c is formed. In this modified example, the straight pipe portion 52 has a protrusion 523. The protrusion 523 protrudes from the second connection opening 521a into the curved pipe portion 51 and constitutes a part of the reduced portion 5c1 instead of the curved pipe portion 51.

[0189] In the above-mentioned flat drainage member 5, as shown in Fig. 43, the first wall surface 50b on the inner peripheral side of the bent flow path 5c protrudes toward the second wall surface 50c on the outer peripheral side of the bent flow path 5c such that a reduced portion 5c1 where the cross-sectional area of the bent flow path 5c is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the second opening 5b exists between the inner peripheral corner 5d of the bent flow path 5c and the second opening 5b.

[0190] The drainage member 5 has a reduced portion 5c1. The presence of the reduced portion 5c1 can be expected to (1) make water flow more easily along the first wall surface 50b than in the case where there is no reduced portion 5c1, and (2) reduce the portion itself where pressure loss may occur. Therefore, the drainage member 5 can reduce the occurrence of pressure loss caused by peeling on the downstream side from the corner 5d and can improve the drainage performance. Different from the technique described in Patent Document 1, the drainage member 5 does not need to increase the radius of curvature of the inner wall surface on the inner peripheral side, enabling miniaturization. Therefore, the drainage member 5 can improve the drainage capacity while enabling miniaturization. Since the drainage member 5 itself can be miniaturized, the drainage member 5 becomes less conspicuous when viewed as the entire piping system 1. Thereby, an improvement in the aesthetics of the entire piping system 1 can be expected.

[0191] Next, an example of the shape and dimensions of the reduced portion 5c1 will be described. Since the protruding portion 53 defines the shape and dimensions of the reduced portion 5c1, it is understood that the references to the shape and dimensions of the reduced portion 5c1 also apply to the shape and dimensions of the protruding portion 53.

[0192] Referring to Figs. 43 and 45, let the diameter of the second opening 5b be d and the length of the reduced portion 5c1 in the direction of the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b be L. In the drainage member 5, it is preferable that 0.5d ≤ L ≤ 5.0d. Thereby, the occurrence of pressure loss caused by peeling on the downstream side from the corner 5d can be further reduced. Therefore, the drainage capacity can be improved while enabling miniaturization.

[0193] In FIGS. 43 and 45, the part P of the drainage member 5 is the part where the cross-sectional area of the flow path is minimized at the reduced part 5c1. Let the distance between the inner peripheral corner 5d of the bent flow path 5c and the part P in the direction of the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b be D1. In the drainage member 5, it is preferable that 0 ≦ D1 ≦ 0.5d. Thereby, the generation of pressure loss due to separation on the downstream side from the corner 5d can be further reduced. Therefore, the drainage capacity can be improved while enabling miniaturization.

[0194] In FIGS. 43 and 45, let the distance between the part P at the reduced part 5c1 and the downstream end be D3. D3 is D3 = L - D1. In the drainage member 5, it is preferable that D3 > D1. Thereby, the generation of pressure loss due to separation on the downstream side from the corner 5d can be further reduced. Therefore, the drainage capacity can be improved while enabling miniaturization.

[0195] Refer to FIGS. 48 and 50. In the plane passing through the central axis C1 of the first opening 5a and the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b, let the minimum value of the distance between the first wall surface 50b and the second wall surface 50c at the reduced part 5c1 be D2. D2 is also the distance between the part P of the reduced part 5c1 and the second wall surface 50c. In the drainage member 5, it is preferable that 0.60d ≦ D2 ≦ 0.95d. Thereby, the generation of pressure loss due to separation on the downstream side from the corner 5d can be further reduced. Therefore, the drainage capacity can be improved while enabling miniaturization. Here, in the plane passing through the central axis C1 of the first opening 5a and the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b, let the maximum value of the height of the protruding part 53 be D4. D4 is also the height of the protruding part 53 at the part P of the reduced part 5c1. D4 is D4 = d - D2. In the drainage member 5, it is preferable that 0.05d ≦ D4 ≦ 0.40d. Thereby, the generation of pressure loss due to separation on the downstream side from the corner 5d can be further reduced. Therefore, the drainage capacity can be improved while enabling miniaturization.

[0196] Refer to FIG. 52. Let the cross-sectional area of the second opening 5b be A, and the minimum value of the cross-sectional area of the bent flow path 5c be A1. The minimum value of the cross-sectional area of the bent flow path 5c is the cross-sectional area at the portion P of the reduced portion 5c1. In the drainage member 5, 0.6 ≦ A1 / A < 1. Thereby, the generation of pressure loss due to separation on the downstream side from the corner 5d can be further reduced. Therefore, the drainage capacity can be improved while enabling miniaturization. Here, let the maximum value of the cross-sectional area of the protruding portion 53 be A2. A2 is also the cross-sectional area of the protruding portion 53 at the portion P of the reduced portion 5c1. A2 = A - A1. In the drainage member 5, it is preferable that A2 / A ≦ 0.4. Thereby, the generation of pressure loss due to separation on the downstream side from the corner 5d can be further reduced. Therefore, the drainage capacity can be improved while enabling miniaturization.

[0197] Refer to FIGS. 43 and 45. In a plane passing through the central axis C1 of the first opening 5a and the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b, the first wall surface 50b includes a curved surface shape that protrudes toward the second wall surface 50c at the reduced portion 5c1. In other words, the surface of the protruding portion 53 is a curved surface shape. Thereby, the drainage capacity can be improved. Here, it is preferable that the surface roughness of the protruding portion 53 is small because an improvement in the drainage capacity can be expected.

[0198] Refer to FIGS. 48, 49, and 52. When viewed from the direction of the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b, at the reduced portion 5c1, the first wall surface 50b has a shape in which the center is recessed more than both sides. In other words, the protruding portion 53 has a shape in which the first wall surface 50b has a shape in which the center is recessed more than both sides when viewed from the direction of the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b. Thereby, the drainage capacity can be improved.

[0199] From another perspective, the first wall surface 50b on the inner peripheral side of the bent flow path 5c may have a shape that protrudes toward the second wall surface 50c on the outer peripheral side of the bent flow path 5c so as to produce a Coandă effect between the corner 5d on the inner peripheral side of the bent flow path 5c and the second opening 5b. That is, the protruding portion 53 may have a shape that produces a Coandă effect between the corner 5d on the inner peripheral side of the bent flow path 5c and the second opening 5b. Thereby, the drainage capacity can be improved while enabling miniaturization.

[0200] The above-mentioned flat protrusion 53 is a protruding member that is inside the straight pipe portion 52 and partially reduces the flow path cross-sectional area of the straight pipe portion 52. As shown in FIG. 43, the protrusion 53 is located between the upstream end (the tip 523a of the protrusion 523) and the downstream end 53b in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the straight pipe portion 52, and has a top portion (portion P) that minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area of the straight pipe portion 52, and a surface 53a that can contact the fluid. As shown in FIG. 45, the surface 53a includes a water-repellent region 530 having water repellency. At least a part of the water-repellent region 530 is between the upstream end (the tip 523a of the protrusion 523) and the top portion (portion P).

[0201] In this modification, the entire water-repellent region 530 is between the upstream end (the tip 523a of the protrusion 523) and the top portion (portion P). That is, the water-repellent region 530 is not between the top portion (portion P) and the downstream end 53b. In this modification, the water-repellent region 530 occupies 100% of the region between the upstream end (the tip 523a of the protrusion 523) and the top portion (portion P) on the surface 53a. The water-repellent region 530 extends from the upstream end (the tip 523a of the protrusion 523) to the top portion (portion P) in the flow direction. The water-repellent region 530 exists throughout the width direction of the protrusion 53. Note that other configurations (contact angle, material, water-repellent structure, etc.) of the water-repellent region 530 may be the same as those of the water-repellent region 600 of the protruding member 6-1.

[0202] Note that the curved pipe portion 51 may be provided with the protrusion 53. As an example, the curved pipe portion 51 may have a protrusion that protrudes from the first connection opening 511a into the straight pipe portion 52 and constitutes a part of the reduced portion 5c1 instead of the straight pipe portion 52. This also enables miniaturization while improving the drainage capacity. In short, when the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight pipe portion 52 are formed separately, one of the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight pipe portion 52 may have a protrusion that protrudes into the other of the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight pipe portion 52 and constitutes a part of the reduced portion 5c1 instead of the other. When the curved pipe portion 51 has the protrusion 53, the straight pipe portion 52 may be the upstream end of the vertical pipe 3. That is, in the drainage member 5, the upstream end of the vertical pipe 3 may be used as the straight pipe portion 52.

[0203] Note that the bent pipe portion 51 and the straight pipe portion 52 may be integrally formed. By doing so, the drainage capacity can be improved while enabling miniaturization. In this case, the receiving port 513 may not be necessary in the bent pipe portion 51. The mark 524 may also not be necessary in the straight pipe portion 52.

[0204] Note that the reduced portion 5c1 (or the protruding portion 53) does not necessarily have to start from the inner corner 5d of the bent flow path 5c. The reduced portion 5c1 (or the protruding portion 53) may be present between the inner corner 5d of the bent flow path 5c and the second opening 5b.

[0205] Note that the shape and dimensions of the reduced portion 5c1 (or the protruding portion 53) are not limited to those of the above-described embodiment. The shape and dimensions of the reduced portion 5c1 (or the protruding portion 53) may be the same as those of the protruding member 6.

[0206] Note that the shape and size of part or all of the drainage member 5 may be different from those of the above-described embodiment and modification examples. For example, unlike the above-described embodiment, in the drainage member 5, the shape of the bent pipe portion 51 and / or the shape of the straight pipe portion 52 may be polygonal instead of circular.

[0207] Note that the material of the drainage member 5 does not necessarily have to be rigid polyvinyl chloride. The material of the drainage member 5 may be determined according to the requirements for the piping system 1. For example, it may be a synthetic resin such as polyethylene. Also, the material of the drainage member 5 may be metal instead of synthetic resin.

[0208] Note that the drainage member 5 may not have the mark 524.

[0209] [2.5 Other Modification Examples] In a modified example, the water repellent region 600 may be located between the upstream end and the top 6c. Therefore, the water repellent region 600 does not necessarily extend from the upstream end to the top 6c in the flow direction. The water repellent region 600 does not necessarily exist throughout in the width direction of the protruding member 6-1. As an example, the water repellent region 600 may be only on the main surface 61.

[0210] In a modified example, the water repellent region 600 may be composed of a plurality of regions instead of a single region. That is, the water repellent region 600 may be composed of a plurality of discrete regions located between the upstream end and the top 6c on the surface 60a. In this case, the total area of the plurality of discrete regions is the area of the water repellent region 600.

[0211] In a modified example, the surface 60a may include a hydrophilic region having hydrophilicity. All of the hydrophilic regions may be between the top 6c and the downstream end. The contact angle of the hydrophilic region is preferably 80° or less. The hydrophilic region may be between the top 6c and the downstream end. The hydrophilic region preferably occupies 70% or more of the region between the top 6c and the downstream end on the surface 60a. In other words, the area of the hydrophilic region may be 70% or more of the area of the region between the top 6c and the downstream end on the surface 60a. The hydrophilic region may occupy 100% of the region between the top 6c and the downstream end on the surface 60a. The hydrophilic region may extend from the top 6c to the downstream end in the flow direction. The hydrophilic region may exist throughout in the width direction of the protruding member 6-1.

[0212] In a modified example, in the protruding member 6-1, the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 may have an asymmetrical shape with respect to the center line of the protruding member 6-1 along the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. Depending on the installation environment of the piping system 1 or the piping member 10, etc., the shapes of the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 may be individually set and do not necessarily have a symmetrical shape with respect to the center line of the protruding member 6-1 along the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3.

[0213] In a modified example, the protruding member 6-1 does not necessarily have to have a contact end face 66.

[0214] In a modified example, the shape, number, and arrangement of the protrusions 67 of the protruding member 6-1 may be appropriately changed according to the shape, number, and arrangement of the recesses 3c of the vertical pipe 3. The recess 3c may be a hole instead of a notch. The position of the recess 3c is not limited to the edge of the upstream end portion 3a. The protrusions 67 and the recesses 3c are preferably provided so as to facilitate the positioning of the protruding member 6-1 with respect to the vertical pipe 3. However, the protruding member 6-1 does not necessarily have to have the protrusions 67.

[0215] In a modified example, the protruding member 6-1 may not be a member separate from the vertical pipe 3, but may be integrally formed with the vertical pipe 3. This is equivalent to the inner peripheral surface 30a of the vertical pipe 3 including the main surface 61 of the protruding member 6-1 and the first and second side surfaces 62, 63.

[0216] In a modified example, the protruding members 6-1 to 6-3 do not necessarily have to have the same configuration or structure. For example, in at least one of the protruding members 6-1 to 6-3, any one or more of 0.1L ≦ L1 ≦ 0.5L, A1 / A ≦ 0.4, or 0.5d ≦ L ≦ 5.0d may be satisfied.

[0217] In a modified example, the protruding members 6-1 to 6-3 do not necessarily have to have the same shape and dimensions, and may have different shapes and dimensions. That is, the shapes and dimensions of the protruding members 6-1 to 6-3 may be appropriately set according to the location where the protruding members 6-1 to 6-3 are arranged and the like.

[0218] In a modified example, the protruding member 6-1 does not necessarily have to be entirely accommodated within the vertical pipe 3. In particular, the second end 6b of the protruding member 6-1 may protrude outside the vertical pipe 3.

[0219] In a modified example, the material of the protruding member 6-1 does not necessarily have to be rigid polyvinyl chloride. The material of the protruding member 6-1 may be determined according to the requirements for the piping system 1. For example, it may be a synthetic resin such as polyethylene. Also, the material of the protruding member 6-1 may be metal instead of a synthetic resin.

[0220] In a modified example, part or all of the shape and size of the piping system 1 may be different from those in the above-described embodiment. For example, unlike the above-described embodiment, in the piping system 1, the shapes of the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2, the vertical pipe 3, and the horizontal pipe 4 may not be circular but polygonal.

[0221] In a modified example, the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 are not limited to the 90° elbow (so-called, DL) defined in JIS K 6739. The bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 may be a 90° large bend elbow (so-called, LL) or a 45° elbow (so-called, 45L) defined in JIS K 6739. Since the 45° elbow can make the angles between the central axis C4 of the horizontal pipe 4 and the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3, and between the central axis C4 of the horizontal pipe 4 and the central axis C7 of the vertical pipe 7 smaller than those of the 90° elbow, and can reduce the degree of bending of the flow path, the pressure loss in the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 can be reduced. The dimensions of the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 do not necessarily have to be set in accordance with the standards of JIS K 6739 "Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe Fittings for Drainage".

[0222] In a modified example, the piping system 1 does not necessarily have to include the eaves gutter 2. For example, when the building 11 has a structure with a water inlet such as a balcony, the bent pipe 15-2 of the piping system 1 may be connected to the water inlet of the building 11.

[0223] In a modified example, it is not essential for the piping system 1 to include all of the protruding members 6-1 to 6-3, and it may include at least one of the protruding members 6-1 to 6-3. In the piping system 1, the protruding member 6 may be on the inner peripheral side of the bent pipe 15-2 at the end of the horizontal pipe 4 on the side of the bent pipe 15-2.

[0224] In one modification, the drain 8 may be a drain having a structure that is generally considered not to contribute to the occurrence or promotion of the siphon phenomenon. In one modification, the piping system 1 does not necessarily have to include the drain 8. The drain 8 is not an essential component in the piping system 1 and may be provided as appropriate in consideration of the installation environment of the piping system 1 and the like.

[0225] In one modification, the piping system 1 does not necessarily have to include the vertical pipe 7. The vertical pipe 7 is not an essential component in the piping system 1 and may be provided as appropriate in consideration of the installation environment of the piping system 1 and the like.

[0226] In one modification, the piping system 1 is not limited to a rain gutter system which is a type of drainage system, and may be other drainage systems such as a sewage system, or can also be applied to a water supply system such as a water supply system. That is, the protrusion member or the pipe member can be used in a system for supplying or draining water.

[0227] In one modification, the piping system can be used for transporting a target fluid within a facility such as a factory. Such a piping system is used for transporting a fluid from a starting point to a plurality of destinations. This piping system can be used, for example, as part of a plant piping system that supplies a desired fluid from a storage tank to a plurality of locations in a factory or the like. In this type of piping system, in order to branch the flow path, a joint that connects the first straight pipe portion on the upstream side to the second and third straight pipe portions on the downstream side can be used. The joint is a tee that branches the fluid flowing in from the first straight pipe portion and causes it to flow out from the second and third straight pipe portions. In this case, the protrusion member 6 may be at the end on the joint side (downstream end) inside the first straight pipe portion. Alternatively or in addition, the protrusion member 6 may be at the end on the joint side (upstream end) inside the second straight pipe portion and / or at the end on the joint side (upstream end) inside the third straight pipe portion.

[0228] In a modified example, the piping system may include, as a joint, an increaser that connects a first straight pipe portion with a second straight pipe portion having a larger diameter on the downstream side of the first straight pipe portion. In this case, the protruding member 6 may be at the end on the joint side (downstream end) inside the straight pipe portion with the smaller diameter. As the increaser, there is an eccentric increaser that displaces the central axis of the second straight pipe portion with respect to the central axis of the first straight pipe portion. When the joint is an eccentric increaser, the protruding member 6 may be on the same side as the central axis of the second straight pipe portion with respect to the central axis of the first straight pipe portion at the end on the joint side (downstream end) inside the first straight pipe portion.

[0229] [3. Aspect] As is clear from the above-described embodiments and modified examples, the present disclosure includes the following aspects.

[0230] [Aspect 1] A protruding member that is inside a straight pipe portion constituting a piping system and partially reduces the flow path cross-sectional area of the straight pipe portion, a top portion that is between the upstream end and the downstream end in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the straight pipe portion and minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area of the straight pipe portion, a surface that can contact the fluid, and the surface includes a water-repellent region having water repellency, at least a part of the water-repellent region is between the upstream end and the top portion, protruding member.

[0231] [Aspect 2] The water-repellent region occupies 70% or more of the region between the upstream end and the top portion on the surface, the protruding member of Aspect 1.

[0232] [Aspect 3] In the flow direction, the water-repellent region extends from the upstream end to the top portion, the protruding member of any one of Aspect 1 or 2.

[0233] [Aspect 4] The contact angle of the water-repellent region is 90° or more. The protrusion member according to any one of Aspects 1 to 3.

[0234] [Aspect 5] The water-repellent region is between the upstream end and the top and between the top and the downstream end. The protrusion member according to any one of Aspects 1 to 4.

[0235] [Aspect 6] At least the portion corresponding to the water-repellent region on the surface is made of a water-repellent material. The protrusion member according to any one of Aspects 1 to 5.

[0236] [Aspect 7] The water-repellent region has a water-repellent structure. The protrusion member according to any one of Aspects 1 to 6.

[0237] [Aspect 8] The water-repellent structure includes a plurality of convex portions along the flow direction arranged at a predetermined interval in a direction intersecting the flow direction. The arithmetic mean roughness of the water-repellent structure is 2 or more and 100 or less. The protrusion member of Aspect 7.

[0238] [Aspect 9] Any one of the protrusion members according to Aspects 1 to 8, The straight pipe portion, and a piping member.

[0239] [Aspect 10] One or more of the protrusion members according to any one of Aspects 1 to 8, a plurality of the straight pipe portions, one or more joints connecting the plurality of straight pipe portions to each other, and the one or more protrusion members are inside one or more corresponding straight pipe portions among the plurality of straight pipe portions. a piping system.

[0240] [Aspect 11] The plurality of straight pipe portions include, in order from the downstream side, a first straight pipe portion, a second straight pipe portion, and a third straight pipe portion. The one or more joints include a first bent pipe connecting the first straight pipe portion and the second straight pipe portion, and a second bent pipe connecting the second straight pipe portion and the third straight pipe portion. The one or more protruding members are on the inner peripheral side of the first bent pipe at the end of the first straight pipe portion on the first bent pipe side, on the inner peripheral side of the second bent pipe at the end of the third straight pipe portion on the second bent pipe side, or on the inner peripheral side of the first bent pipe at the end of the second straight pipe portion on the first bent pipe side, and are at least in one of them. The piping system of aspect 10.

[0241] Aspects 2 to 8 are optional and not essential.

Industrial Applicability

[0242] The present disclosure is applicable to a protruding member, a piping member, and a piping system. Specifically, the present disclosure is applicable to a protruding member for changing the cross-sectional area of a flow path, a piping member including the protruding member, and a piping system including the piping member.

Explanation of Signs

[0243] 1 Piping system 3, 3B Vertical pipe (straight pipe portion, first straight pipe portion) 4 Horizontal pipe (straight pipe portion, second straight pipe portion) 7 Vertical pipe (straight pipe portion, third straight pipe portion) 5 Drainage member (piping member) 52 Straight pipe portion 53 Protruding portion (protruding member) 523a Tip (upstream end) P Portion (top) 53a Surface 530 Water-repellent region 53b Downstream end 6 Protruding member 6-1, 6A-1, 6B-1, 6C-1, 6D-1 projection members 6-2 projection member 6-3 projection member 6a first end 6b second end 6c top 60a surface 600 water-repellent area 610, 620 convex parts 10 pipe member 10-1, 10A-1, 10B-1, 10C-1, 10D-1 pipe members 10-2 pipe member 10-3 pipe member 15-1 bent pipe (joint, first bent pipe) 15-2 bent pipe (joint, second bent pipe)

Claims

1. A protruding member that is inside a straight pipe section constituting a piping system and that partially reduces the flow cross-sectional area of the straight pipe section, having a top portion that is between the upstream end and the downstream end in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the straight pipe section and that minimizes the flow cross-sectional area of the straight pipe section, and a surface that can contact the fluid, wherein the surface includes a water-repellent region having water repellency, and at least a part of the water-repellent region is between the upstream end and the top portion, the protruding member.

2. The water-repellent region occupies 70% or more of the region between the upstream end and the top portion on the surface, the protruding member of Claim 1.

3. In the flow direction, the water-repellent region extends from the upstream end to the top portion, the protruding member of Claim 1.

4. The contact angle of the water-repellent region is 90° or more, the protruding member of Claim 1.

5. The water-repellent region is between the upstream end and the top portion and between the top portion and the downstream end, the protruding member of Claim 1.

6. At least the portion corresponding to the water-repellent region on the surface is made of a water-repellent material, the protruding member of Claim 1.

7. The water-repellent region has a water-repellent structure, the protruding member of Claim 1.

8. The water-repellent structure includes a plurality of convex portions along the flow direction that are arranged at a predetermined interval in a direction intersecting the flow direction, and the arithmetic mean roughness of the water-repellent structure is 2 or more and 100 or less, the protruding member of Claim 7.

9. The protruding member of Claim 1, and the straight pipe section, wherein it is a piping member.

10. One or more protruding members of Claim 1, a plurality of the straight pipe sections, and one or more joints that connect the plurality of straight pipe sections, wherein the one or more protruding members are inside one or more corresponding straight pipe sections among the plurality of straight pipe sections, it is a piping system.

11. The plurality of straight pipe sections include, in order from the downstream side, a first straight pipe section, a second straight pipe section, and a third straight pipe section, the one or more joints include a first bent pipe that connects the first straight pipe section and the second straight pipe section, and a second bent pipe that connects the second straight pipe section and the third straight pipe section, the one or more protruding members are on the inner peripheral side of the first bent pipe at the end of the first straight pipe section on the first bent pipe side, on the inner peripheral side of the second bent pipe at the end of the third straight pipe section on the second bent pipe side, or on the inner peripheral side of the first bent pipe at the end of the second straight pipe section on the first bent pipe side, in at least one of them, the piping system of Claim 10.

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