Feed for ruminants containing kraft pulp

Abstract

To provide a technique that enables enhancement of storability in feed for ruminants comprising kraft pulp.SOLUTION: According to the present invention, feed for ruminants containing kraft pulp is provided, the feed being roll-bale packaged so as to have a shading rate of 80% or more.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a ruminant feed containing kraft pulp. [Background technology]

[0002] Kraft pulp, which is made from wood, is widely used in papermaking applications, and in recent years, it has been proposed to use kraft pulp in feed for ruminants (Patent Documents 1 to 3). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] International Publication No. 2016 / 159250 [Patent Document 2] International Publication No. 2018 / 038254 [Patent Document 3] International Publication No. 2018 / 038258 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] When ruminant feed containing kraft pulp is stored outdoors for a long period of time, problems have arisen in that mold caused by fungi and spots caused by bacteria appear. Mold in particular is strictly regulated by the Feed Safety Act, and improvements are essential to ensure safety during long-term storage.

[0005] In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to improve the shelf life of ruminant feed containing kraft pulp. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] As a result of extensive research into solving the above problems, the inventors discovered that the shelf life of feed containing kraft pulp can be significantly improved by packaging the feed in roll bales in a manner that ensures airtightness and light protection, and thus completed the present invention.

[0007] The present invention includes, but is not limited to, the following aspects. [1] Ruminant feed containing kraft pulp, packaged in roll bales to provide at least 80% shading. [2] The feed for ruminants according to [1], wherein the kraft pulp is kraft pulp made from wood. [3] The feed for ruminants according to [1] or [2], wherein the number of wrap film rolls in the roll bale packaging is 3 to 15. [4] A feed for ruminants according to [1] or [2], which does not contain any fungicides and / or antibacterial agents. [5] A method for producing ruminant feed according to [1] or [2], comprising a step of wrapping a wrap film around ruminant feed containing kraft pulp. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] According to the present invention, the shelf life of ruminant feed containing kraft pulp can be significantly improved. In particular, according to the present invention, even when ruminant feed containing kraft pulp is stored outdoors for a long period of time, the occurrence of mold caused by fungi and spots caused by bacteria can be effectively suppressed.

[0009] Although the details of why the present invention effectively prevents the growth of mold and other fungi even when feed is stored for long periods are not clear, it is speculated that while conventional packaging forms have low airtightness and light-blocking properties and are prone to the growth of mold and other fungi caused by aerobic fungi due to the continuous supply of oxygen, the present invention ensures light-blocking properties while packaging the feed in roll bales, making it less likely for mold to grow. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] This is a photograph of the appearance of feed roll-baled in black film. [Figure 2] 1 is a photograph showing the appearance of feed roll-bale packaged in white film (Comparative Example). [Figure 3] 1 is a photograph showing the appearance of feed contained in a transparent resin bag (Comparative Example). [Figure 4] 1 is a photograph showing the appearance of feed contained in a flexible container bag (Comparative Example). [Figure 5] 1 is a photograph showing the appearance of feed packaged in a transparent film (Comparative Example). [Figure 6] These are photographs showing the appearance of feed with red spots and feed without red spots (left: with red spots, right: without red spots). DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0011] The present invention relates to a feed for ruminants. The feed of the present invention is applicable to ruminants, including, for example, cattle such as dairy cows and fattening cattle, sheep, and goats. There are no particular limitations on the timing of feeding the feed of the present invention to ruminants, i.e., the age, physique, health condition, etc. of the ruminants to which the feed of the present invention is applied, and it is thought that the feed can be used for, for example, suckling calves to adult cows.

[0012] The feed for ruminants according to the present invention preferably has a moisture content of 30 to 80% or less, and may be 40 to 75% or 50 to 70%. The feed according to the present invention is packaged in a roll bale and may be subjected to lactic acid fermentation as silage.

[0013] The feed packaged in roll bales according to the present invention may be stored in a conventional manner, for example, by covering it with cheesecloth (agricultural net-like material). The feed according to the present invention may be stored individually, or multiple roll bales may be stacked with their cylindrical axes oriented vertically to save storage space. The feed packaged in roll bales according to the present invention may be stored, for example, stacked three to five levels high, or even higher in some cases.

[0014] The size of the roll bale-packaged feed is not particularly limited, but for example, the diameter can be 80 to 200 cm, preferably 100 to 180 cm, and more preferably 120 to 160 cm. The weight of the roll bale-packaged feed is also not particularly limited, but for example, it can be 100 to 600 kg, and preferably 200 to 550 kg or 300 to 500 kg.

[0015] The feed of the present invention is airtightly packaged in cling film, so it can be fed to ruminants after removing the packaging material. However, if necessary, the feed can be made more palatable using a stirrer or the like. After opening the feed of the present invention, it can be fed to ruminants together with other feeds. Examples of other feed ingredients include roughage (e.g., grass), concentrated feed (e.g., grains such as corn and wheat, and pulses such as soybeans), bran, rice bran, soybean pulp, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and additives (preservatives, coloring agents, flavoring agents, etc.). The form of the feed to be used in combination is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, pulp, powder, fluffed, compressed into cubes or pellets, or cut into sheets.

[0016] Roll bale packaging The ruminant feed according to the present invention is packaged in a roll bale. In the present invention, roll bale packaging refers to packaging in which a resin film (wrap film) is airtightly wrapped around the feed using a packaging machine (a wrapping machine such as a roll baler). Conventionally, roll bale packaging has been used to store and transport grass such as hay and straw, and to lactic acid ferment grass for use as silage feed, but has never been used for kraft pulp.

[0017] The inventors have conducted research and found that storing feed containing kraft pulp during periods of high temperature can lead to the growth of mold caused by fungi and the development of rash-like red spots (red spots) on the surface of the feed. The red spots are thought to be primarily caused by anaerobic photosynthetic bacteria of the genus Rhodopseudomonas. In the present invention, the kraft pulp-containing feed is packaged in roll bales with a light-blocking rate of 80% or more, thereby ensuring airtightness and light-blocking properties and effectively suppressing the development of mold caused by fungi and spots caused by bacteria.

[0018] In the present invention, by wrapping the wrap film under high tension using a wrapping machine or the like, a high tension is applied to the outer periphery of the roll bale, and the cylindrical shape is firmly fixed, so there is little air inside the package, making it suitable for long-term storage.In the present invention, by wrapping feed in wrap film, the strength of the roll bale can be improved and the infiltration of air and moisture can be prevented.

[0019] In the present invention, the feed containing kraft pulp is compressed into a cylindrical shape using a roll baler or the like, and then the entire feed is airtightly packaged using a wrap film. There are no particular restrictions on the material of the wrap film used in the present invention, but in consideration of strength, durability, ease of handling, etc., it is preferable to use a resin film such as polyethylene.

[0020] In the present invention, it is necessary to wrap the wrap film around the feed and package it so that the light blocking rate is 80% or more. In the present invention, the number of wrap film turns is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 1 to 25 turns, with 2 to 20 or 3 to 15 turns being preferred, and 4 to 12 or 5 to 9 turns being more preferred. Increasing the number of turns can ensure airtightness, light blocking properties, and strength, but requires a large amount of packaging material and increases the effort required to open the film.

[0021] In the present invention, the color of the wrap film is not particularly limited, but since packaging is required to provide a light-blocking rate of 80% or more, it is preferable to use a wrap film of a dark color that is difficult for light to pass through, and it is particularly preferable to use a wrap film of a black or green color, etc. In the present invention, the light-blocking rate of roll bale packaging is preferably 85% or more, and more preferably 90% or more.

[0022] In one embodiment, the feed according to the present invention may be packaged in a roll bale by a method including the steps of compressing the feed into a cylindrical shape and wrapping the cylindrically shaped feed in a wrap film to airtightly package it. In one embodiment, the feed according to the present invention is compressed into a cylindrical shape using a roll baler or the like, and the sides may be secured with a film, net, string, or the like to prevent the shape from being distorted.

[0023] Feed containing kraft pulp The feed of the present invention contains kraft pulp (KP). The kraft pulp used in the feed of the present invention may be bleached or unbleached. However, the feed of the present invention preferably contains 10% by mass or more of kraft pulp, more preferably 50% by mass or more, and even more preferably 80% by mass or more. The feed of the present invention may consist solely of kraft pulp, or may contain other feed ingredients. Examples of other feed ingredients include roughage (e.g., grass), concentrated feed (e.g., grains such as corn and wheat, and pulses such as soybeans), bran, rice bran, soybean pulp refuse, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and additives (e.g., preservatives, coloring agents, flavoring agents, etc.).

[0024] The kraft pulp according to the present invention is preferably one that has been subjected to oxygen delignification treatment, and preferably has a kappa number of 30 or less, more preferably a kappa number of 5 to 15, and may have a kappa number of 7 to 13. A kappa number of 30 or less provides good palatability for ruminants.

[0025] Although the feed of the present invention contains kraft pulp, pulp produced by other known pulping methods can also be used in combination. For example, both mechanical and chemical pulp are applicable. Examples of mechanical pulp include groundwood pulp (GP), refiner groundwood pulp (RGP), thermomechanical pulp (TMP), and chemithermomechanical pulp (CTMP). Examples of chemical pulp include kraft pulp (KP), dissolving kraft pulp (DKP), sulfite pulp (SP), and dissolving sulfite pulp (DSP). Both bleached and unbleached pulp can be used. Among these, oxygen-delignified chemical pulp and bleached chemical pulp are preferred. Pulp and kraft pulp with a kappa number of 5 to less than 15 are more preferred, and oxygen-delignified kraft pulp with a kappa number of 5 to less than 15 is particularly preferred.

[0026] The ruminant feed of the present invention may contain one type of pulp or a mixture of multiple pulps. For example, two or more types of chemical pulps (hardwood kraft pulp, softwood kraft pulp, dissolving hardwood kraft pulp, dissolving softwood kraft pulp) or mechanical pulps (groundwood pulp, refiner ground wood pulp, thermomechanical pulp, chemithermomechanical pulp) made from different raw materials or produced by different methods may be mixed and used.

[0027] In the case of mechanical pulp, it is possible to incorporate non-fibered residue into the pulp by producing it without going through a screening process after grinding (in the case of groundwood pulp) or refining (in the case of refiner groundwood pulp, thermomechanical pulp, and chemithermomechanical pulp).

[0028] Examples of wood materials that can be used include broad-leaved trees, conifers, miscellaneous trees, bamboo, kenaf, bagasse, and empty palm tree bunches after palm oil extraction.Specific examples of broad-leaved trees include beech, Chinese linden, white birch, poplar, eucalyptus, acacia, oak, sugar maple, Asian elm, paulownia, magnolia, willow, Japanese ash, Quercus phillyraeoides, Quercus serrata, sawtooth oak, horse chestnut, zelkova, beech, dogwood, and green ash. Examples of conifers include cedar, spruce, larch, black pine, Abies sachalinensis, Himekomatsu, yew, juniper, spruce, Japanese spruce, Japanese holly, Japanese holly, fir, Japanese yew, Douglas fir, Asunaro, cypress, Japanese hemlock, Japanese hemlock, Hinoki, yew, Inugaya, spruce, yellow cedar, Douglas fir, Sitka spruce, Radiata pine, Eastern spruce, Eastern white pine, Western larch, Western fir, Western hemlock, and tamarack.

[0029] The feed of the present invention contains kraft pulp obtained by kraft cooking of lignocellulosic raw materials, and wood-derived kraft pulp is particularly preferred. In particular, the use of kraft pulp with a Canadian Standard Freeness (CSF) of 400 mL or more in the present invention enables the production of feed pellets that slow the digestion rate in the rumen of ruminants and promote ruminant rumination. In a preferred embodiment, the Canadian Standard Freeness of the kraft pulp used in the present invention is 450 mL or more, and may be 500 mL or more or 550 mL or more. Furthermore, a Canadian Standard Freeness of 600 mL or less ensures that the pulp is not difficult to digest in the rumen of ruminants. Therefore, the Canadian Standard Freeness is preferably 400 mL or more and 600 mL or less. Generally, the Canadian Standard Freeness of kraft pulp can be reduced by processing it in a known refining machine, such as a double-disc refiner, single-disc refiner, conical refiner, or PFI mill.

[0030] In the present invention, the average fiber length of the kraft pulp is not particularly limited. In a preferred embodiment, the average fiber length of hardwood kraft pulp can be 0.68 mm or more, or even 0.70 mm or more, and the average fiber length of softwood kraft pulp can be 1.50 mm or more, or even 1.80 mm or more. Increasing the average fiber length makes it possible to produce feed that is easily ruminated in the rumen of ruminants. Generally, kraft pulp with long fiber length can be obtained by kraft cooking using long-fiber tree species as raw materials. Therefore, the average fiber length of the kraft pulp can be adjusted by adjusting the lignocellulosic material used as the raw material. For example, since the fiber length of softwood is often longer than that of hardwood, pulp with a long average fiber length can be obtained by producing kraft pulp with a higher proportion of softwood.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, the kraft pulp used in the present invention has a breaking length of 2.5 to 8.5 km, more preferably 3.0 to 7.5 km. The breaking length means the length of paper when one end of the paper is fixed and suspended and it breaks under its own weight, and is generally expressed in kilometers. In the present invention, the breaking length of kraft pulp is the breaking length of a paper sheet produced from the pulp with a basis weight of 60 g / m. 2 The breaking length of hand-made paper is measured in accordance with JIS P 8113.

[0032] When producing kraft pulp from wood chips, the wood chips are fed into a digester together with cooking liquor and subjected to kraft cooking. Modified kraft cooking, such as MCC, EMCC, ITC, and low-solid cooking, may also be used. The cooking type, such as a single-vessel liquid phase, a single-vessel vapor / liquid phase, a dual-vessel liquid / vapor phase, or a dual-vessel liquid phase, is not particularly limited. That is, the process of impregnating and retaining the alkaline aqueous solution of the present invention may be performed separately from the equipment or site used for conventional cooking liquor penetration treatment. Preferably, the unbleached pulp after cooking is washed with a washing device such as a diffusion washer after the cooking liquor is extracted. The liquor ratio of wood chips to chemical solution can be, for example, 1.0 to 5.0 L / kg, preferably 1.5 to 4.5 L / kg, and more preferably 2.0 to 4.0 L / kg.

[0033] In the present invention, an alkaline cooking liquor containing 0.01 to 1.5% by mass of a quinone compound per bone-dry chip may be added to the digester. If the amount of quinone compound added is less than 0.01% by mass, the amount is too small to reduce the kappa number of the pulp after cooking, and the relationship between the kappa number and the pulp yield is not improved. Furthermore, the reduction in dregs and the suppression of a decrease in viscosity are insufficient. Furthermore, if the amount of quinone compound added exceeds 1.5% by mass, no further reduction in the kappa number of the pulp after cooking or improvement in the relationship between the kappa number and the pulp yield is observed.

[0034] The quinone compounds used are known quinone compounds, hydroquinone compounds, or precursors thereof as cooking aids, and at least one compound selected from these can be used. Examples of these compounds include anthraquinone, dihydroanthraquinone (e.g., 1,4-dihydroanthraquinone), tetrahydroanthraquinone (e.g., 1,4,4a,9a-tetrahydroanthraquinone, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroanthraquinone), methylanthraquinone (e.g., 1-methylanthraquinone, 2-methylanthraquinone), methyldihydroanthraquinone (e.g., 2-methyl-1,4-dihydroanthraquinone), methyltetrahydroanthraquinone (e.g., 1-methyl-1,4,4a,9a-tetrahydroanthraquinone, 2-methyl-1,4,4a,9a-tetrahydroanthraquinone), and the like. and hydroquinone compounds such as anthrahydroquinone (generally 9,10-dihydroxyanthracene), methylanthrahydroquinone (e.g., 2-methylanthrahydroquinone), dihydroanthrahydroanthraquinone (e.g., 1,4-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxyanthracene) or alkali metal salts thereof (e.g., disodium salt of anthrahydroquinone, disodium salt of 1,4-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxyanthracene), and precursors such as anthrone, anthranol, methylanthrone, and methylanthranol. These precursors can be converted to quinone compounds or hydroquinone compounds under cooking conditions.

[0035] The cooking liquor preferably has an active alkali addition rate (AA) of 10 to 35% by mass based on the weight of bone-dry wood chips. An active alkali addition rate of less than 10% by mass results in insufficient removal of lignin and hemylulose, while an active alkali addition rate of more than 35% by mass results in reduced yield and reduced quality. The active alkali addition rate here refers to the total addition rate of NaOH and Na2S converted into the Na2O addition rate, which can be converted into the Na2O addition rate by multiplying NaOH by 0.775 and Na2S by 0.795. The sulfidity range is preferably 20 to 35%. A sulfidity of less than 20% results in reduced delignification, reduced pulp viscosity, and an increased pulp content.

[0036] Kraft cooking is preferably carried out at a temperature in the range of 120 to 180°C, more preferably 140 to 160°C. If the temperature is too low, delignification (reduction in kappa number) will be insufficient, while if the temperature is too high, the degree of polymerization (viscosity) of cellulose will decrease. Furthermore, the cooking time in the present invention refers to the time from when the cooking temperature reaches its maximum temperature until the temperature starts to decrease, and the cooking time is preferably 60 minutes or more and 600 minutes or less, more preferably 120 minutes or more and 360 minutes or less. If the cooking time is less than 60 minutes, pulping will not proceed, and if it exceeds 600 minutes, pulp production efficiency will decrease, which is undesirable.

[0037] Furthermore, in the kraft cooking of the present invention, the processing temperature and processing time can be set using the H factor (Hf) as an index. The H factor is a measure of the total amount of heat given to the reaction system during the cooking process and is expressed by the following formula. The H factor is calculated by integrating the time from the time when the chips and water are mixed to the time when cooking is completed. The H factor is preferably 300 to 2000.

[0038] Hf=∫exp(43.20-16113 / T)dt [where T represents the absolute temperature at a given point in time] In the present invention, the unbleached (unbleached) pulp obtained after cooking can be subjected to various treatments as needed. For example, the unbleached pulp obtained after kraft cooking can be subjected to a bleaching treatment.

[0039] Pulp obtained by kraft cooking can be subjected to oxygen delignification. The known medium-consistency or high-consistency methods can be used for the oxygen delignification used in the present invention. The medium-consistency method is preferably performed at a pulp consistency of 8 to 15% by mass, and the high-consistency method is preferably performed at a pulp consistency of 20 to 35% by mass. The alkali used in oxygen delignification can be sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, and the oxygen gas can be oxygen from a cryogenic separation method, oxygen from a PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption), oxygen from a VSA (Vacuum Swing Adsorption), or the like.

[0040] The reaction conditions for oxygen delignification treatment are not particularly limited, but the oxygen pressure is preferably 3 to 9 kg / cm 2 , more preferably 4 to 7 kg / cm 2 The alkali addition rate is 0.5 to 4 mass% based on the bone dry weight of pulp, the treatment temperature is 80 to 140°C, and the treatment time is 20 to 180 minutes; other conditions that are known in the art can be applied. In the present invention, the oxygen delignification treatment may be carried out multiple times. Furthermore, the kraft pulp after the oxygen delignification treatment or the like preferably has a kappa number of 5 to 15.

[0041] To further reduce the kappa number and improve brightness, the oxygen delignified pulp can be subjected to a multi-stage bleaching process, for example, by subsequently transferring it to a washing process and then to a multi-stage bleaching process. The multi-stage bleaching process of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use a combination of known bleaching agents and bleaching aids, such as acid (A), chlorine dioxide (D), alkali (E), oxygen (O), hydrogen peroxide (P), ozone (Z), and peracid. For example, the first stage of the multi-stage bleaching process preferably uses a chlorine dioxide bleaching stage (D) or an ozone bleaching stage (Z), the second stage uses an alkali extraction stage (E) or a hydrogen peroxide stage (P), and the third stage and subsequent stages use a bleaching sequence using chlorine dioxide or hydrogen peroxide. The number of stages from the third stage onward is also not particularly limited, but considering energy efficiency, productivity, and the like, it is preferable to complete the process with a total of three or four stages. Furthermore, a stage of treatment with a chelating agent such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) may be inserted during the multi-stage bleaching process. [Example]

[0042] The present invention will be described in more detail below using specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following specific examples. In this specification, concentrations and percentages are by weight unless otherwise specified, and numerical ranges are stated as including their endpoints.

[0043] 1. Ruminant feed production The hardwood chips were kraft cooked, oxygen delignified, and washed to obtain hardwood oxygen delignified kraft pulp, which was then dewatered to produce hardwood oxygen delignified fluff pulp, which was used as ruminant feed (moisture: approximately 62%, kappa number: approximately 10, CSF: approximately 590 mL).

[0044] 2. Ruminant feed packaging (1) Black roll bale packaging (Example, Samples 1 to 4, Figure 1) Approximately 420 kg of feed was wrapped around the sides with polyethylene film (white, product number: 50923155, Cornes AG, thickness: 0.013 mm) to form a cylindrical shape, and then a roll bale packaging machine (MC1000, Orkel) was used to wrap the entire feed with black cling film (product number: 5234CR500, Cornes AG, thickness: 0.025 mm, material: ethylene vinyl acetate) in 3 to 20 turns to create an airtight package (height: approximately 800 mm, diameter: approximately 1000 mm). (2) White roll bale packaging (comparison example, samples 5 to 8, Figure 2) A roll bale-packaged feed was produced in the same manner as Sample 1, except that white wrap film was used instead of black wrap film. (3) Storage in a resin bag (Comparative example, Sample 9, Figure 3) Approximately 12 kg of feed was placed in a transparent plastic bag (polyethylene, 550 x 800 mm, thickness: 0.12 mm, manufactured by Shikoh), and six of these were stacked on a wooden pallet. This sample contained a certain amount of air inside the bag, and since the feed was stored in a transparent plastic bag, light blocking was not guaranteed. (4) Storage in a flexible container bag (Comparative example, Sample 10, Figure 4) Approximately 370 kg of feed was packed into a flexible container bag (polypropylene flexible container bag, capacity: 1000 L, manufactured by ESCO). As the top of this sample bag was open, neither airtightness nor light blocking properties were guaranteed. (5) Packaging with resin film (Comparative example, Sample 11, Figure 5) 900 kg of sheet-form feed (approximately 1000 x 800 mm, approximately 4 kg per sheet) was stacked on a wooden pallet and wrapped in transparent polyethylene film (TPBI PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED, product number: LMF40XW900XG700X2500C, thickness: 0.04 mm). As the wooden pallet was not wrapped, air could flow in from the bottom, and as the sample was wrapped in transparent film, light blocking properties were not guaranteed.

[0045] 3. Evaluation of ruminant feed (1) Preservability The packaged samples were stored outdoors in direct sunlight during the summer (average temperature: approximately 28°C) for one month, after which the packages were opened and checked for the presence or absence of mold or red spots based on the following criteria. The condition of the surface layer of the feed was evaluated visually after the package was opened so that the entire surface was visible. The condition of the inside of the feed was also checked by splitting the sample down the center and crumbling half of the sample by hand. <Mold> 〇: No mold growth is observed from the surface to the inside of the feed ×: Even a small amount of mold has grown on the surface or inside the feed. <Red spots> ○: No red spots caused by bacteria were observed on the surface of the feed (Figure 6, left) △: A few red spots caused by bacteria have appeared on the surface of the feed. ×: Numerous red spots caused by bacteria have appeared on the surface of the feed (Figure 6, right). (2) Shading rate The wrap film used for the roll bale packaging was stacked in the same number as the number of rolls, and the intensity of transmitted light was measured under direct sunlight using an illuminance meter (TRUSCO Nakayama, TSD MN), and the shading rate was calculated using the following formula. Shading rate = (sunlight illuminance - transmitted light illuminance) / sunlight illuminance x 100 (Sunlight illuminance at time of measurement: 23,440 lux) (3) Ease of opening The ease of opening the packaged samples was evaluated based on the following criteria: Sample 10 was opened from the bottom of the flexible container bag using a cutter knife. 〇: By cutting lightly once with a utility knife, the surface layer of the feed can be exposed. △: By cutting the same place 2-3 times with a utility knife, the surface layer of the feed can be exposed. ×: It is necessary to cut the same spot with a cutter knife four or more times to expose the surface layer of the feed.

[0046] [Table 1]

Claims

1. Feed for ruminants containing kraft pulp, packaged in roll bales to provide a light blocking rate of 80% or more.

2. The feed for ruminants according to claim 1, wherein the kraft pulp is made from wood.

3. The feed for ruminants according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the number of wrap film wraps in the roll bale packaging is 3 to 15.

4. 3. The feed for ruminants according to claim 1, which is free from any of an antifungal agent and / or an antibacterial agent.

5. 3. A method for producing the ruminant feed according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the step of wrapping a wrap film around the ruminant feed containing kraft pulp.

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