System and method for desalination of liquid

Abstract

To provide a system and method for desalination of a fluid such as water.SOLUTION: A system for desalination of a liquid includes at least one primary treatment process, at least one secondary treatment process including at least one reactor, and at least one tertiary treatment process. The primary treatment process adjusts the pH of the liquid to a target pH level and adds at least one type of chemical additive to the liquid. The reactor heats the liquid to a temperature of at least 350°F and applying pressure to the liquid to maintain it in a liquid state. The dissolved salts in the liquid react with at least one type of chemical additive to form insoluble products within the reactor. When the insoluble products form inside the reactor, heat is generated, and at least a part of the insoluble products formed within the reactor are removed from the liquid during the tertiary treatment process.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This application relates generally to systems and methods for desalination of fluids. More particularly, The present invention relates to a system and method for desalination of water. [Background technology]

[0002] Clean freshwater has many different uses beyond human consumption. It contains salts, impurities and The ability to remove other contaminants from water allows the water to be used or reused for many different purposes. All contaminated water sources, fracking fluids and brines must be decontaminated. The salt removed can be used for other purposes. Increasing this can be beneficial. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0003] According to some embodiments, a system for desalination of a liquid having dissolved salts comprises at least Both the primary treatment process and at least one secondary treatment process including at least one reactor and at least one tertiary treatment process, The process includes adjusting the pH of the liquid to a target pH level and adding at least one chemical additive to the liquid. and at least one reactor is configured to add the liquid to a temperature of at least 350°F. and applying pressure to the liquid to maintain the liquid in a liquid state; The dissolved salt reacts with at least a portion of the at least one chemical additive to form at least one configured to form an insoluble product in the reactor, the insoluble product being in at least one of the reactors; Heat is generated when the reaction vessel is formed therein, and the reaction vessel is formed in at least one of the reactors. At least a portion of the insoluble products are removed from the liquid during at least one tertiary treatment process. It is configured to be.

[0004] According to some embodiments, the target pH level is 10 or higher (e.g., 10, 10.5, etc. In some embodiments, the at least one chemical additive is a phosphate ( In one embodiment, the insoluble product comprises a soluble salt. In some arrangements, the insoluble product is dissolved in water. At least one tertiary treatment process configured for removal from the body includes a filter. nothing.

[0005] According to some embodiments, a small amount of water is used to remove insoluble products from the liquid. At least one tertiary treatment process includes a filter (e.g., a multimedia filter). In some embodiments, at least one filter configured to remove insoluble products from the liquid is provided. A tertiary treatment process may include at least one settling tank or at least one polishing tank. Includes tank.

[0006] According to some embodiments, the system does not include reverse osmosis or any other membrane technology. .

[0007] According to some embodiments, at least one primary treatment process comprises treating the liquid with at least and lime softening to remove at least some of the hardness of the liquid before it enters the second reactor. In some embodiments, at least one primary treatment process comprises the addition of sand, silt, Further comprising removing at least one of grit and gas.

[0008] According to some embodiments, the system may be configured to move fluid from one point in the system to another point in the system. at least one heat exchange unit configured to transfer heat to the liquid at a point Further includes:

[0009] According to some embodiments, an insoluble product is formed within at least one reactor. The heat generated or otherwise produced when the liquid is formed is transferred from the outside to the liquid. The system is configured to allow the system to operate without requiring a power supply.

[0010] According to some embodiments, the system transfers heat to a liquid in at least one reactor. In some embodiments, the system further comprises an external heating system configured to reach the The external heating system includes an oil heating system. The oil circulating in the system includes vegetable oil.

[0011] According to some embodiments, the system may include a system in which liquid is passed through at least a portion of the system. Generate at least some energy that is configured to move when moving The at least one turbine is configured to:

[0012] According to some embodiments, the primary treatment process comprises adding at least one chemical additive to the liquid. The method further includes at least one mixing tank configured to facilitate mixing of the additives.

[0013] According to some embodiments, the system further comprises at least one quaternary treatment process. In some embodiments, at least one quaternary treatment process includes disinfection (e.g., (e.g., UV disinfection or chlorination).

[0014] According to some embodiments, the system may be configured to extract water from any of the following: seawater, well water, brackish water, hydraulic fracturing water, The system is configured to treat at least one of water and wastewater produced in the procedure.

[0015] According to some embodiments, at least one reactor is heated to at least 400°F (4 The heating element is configured to heat the liquid to a temperature of 50°F, 500°F, 550°F, etc.

[0016] According to some embodiments, a method for desalination of a liquid having dissolved salts comprises at least Treating the liquid using one primary treatment process and including at least one reactor. treating the liquid using at least one secondary treatment process including at least one and treating the liquid using a tertiary treatment process of at least one primary treatment The process includes adjusting the pH of the liquid to a target pH level and adding at least one chemical additive to the liquid. and at least one reactor is configured to add the liquid to a temperature of at least 350°F. and applying pressure to the liquid to maintain the liquid in a liquid state; The dissolved salt reacts with at least a portion of the at least one chemical additive to form at least one configured to form an insoluble product in the reactor, the insoluble product being in at least one of the reactors; Heat is generated when the reaction vessel is formed therein, and the reaction vessel is formed in at least one of the reactors. At least a portion of the insoluble products are removed from the liquid during at least one tertiary treatment process. It is configured to be.

[0017] According to some embodiments, the target pH level is 10 or higher (e.g., 10, 10.5, etc. In some embodiments, the at least one chemical additive is a phosphate ( In one embodiment, the insoluble product comprises a soluble salt. In some arrangements, the insoluble product is dissolved in water. At least one tertiary treatment process configured for removal from the body includes a filter. nothing.

[0018] According to some embodiments, a small amount of water is used to remove insoluble products from the liquid. At least one tertiary treatment process includes a filter (e.g., a multimedia filter). In some embodiments, at least one filter configured to remove insoluble products from the liquid is provided. A tertiary treatment process may include at least one settling tank or at least one polishing tank. Includes tank.

[0019] According to some embodiments, the system does not include reverse osmosis or any other membrane technology. .

[0020] According to some embodiments, at least one primary treatment process comprises treating the liquid with at least and lime softening to remove at least some of the hardness of the liquid before it enters the second reactor. In some embodiments, at least one primary treatment process comprises the addition of sand, silt, Further comprising removing at least one of grit and gas.

[0021] According to some embodiments, a system for desalination of a fluid to be desalted from a fluid source comprises: a first filtration system having a first filtrate inlet, a first filtrate outlet, and a first filtrate drain; The first filtrate container includes a first filtrate container and is used to remove large particles from the fluid being desalted. The inlet is in fluid communication with a fluid source. The degassing vessel is in fluid communication with a first filtrate outlet. The degassing vessel is equipped with an inlet for the degassing fluid and a gas release outlet. The degassing vessel removes at least a portion of the gas suspended in the fluid being desalted. A heating vessel having a hollow interior is provided, the hollow interior being filled with a first fluid. The heating vessel has a transfer tube located within and traversing the hollow interior. The inlet of the heating vessel has an outlet for the degassing fluid and an outlet for the fluid. The heating vessel is heated by a heater, and the outlet of the heating vessel is connected to a one-way valve. At least one filter, a second filtration inlet, a second filtration outlet, and a second A second filtering vessel is provided having a second drain. The second filtering inlet is connected to the outlet of the heating vessel. The storage tank is fluidly connected to a desalted stream inlet, the desalted stream inlet being fluidly connected to a second filtration outlet. The storage tank stores the desalinated fluid. The pump pumps the desalinated fluid. It is used to pump fluid throughout the system.

[0022] According to some embodiments, a mixing tank is provided. The mixing tank has an inlet, an outlet for the mixing tank, an inlet for the chemicals, and a mixing mechanism. The outlet of the tank is fluidly connected to the outlet for the degassing fluid, and the inlet of the mixing tank is fluidly connected to the inlet of the heating vessel. It is located between the degassing vessel and the heating vessel so as to be fluidly connected.

[0023] According to some embodiments, the transfer tube comprises an alloy metal. The alloy metal is It does not attract the salts inside or cause them to stick to the transfer tube.

[0024] According to some embodiments, the first fluid comprises an oil. The oil may be mineral oil, sunflower oil, vegetable oil, or the like. The oil may be olive oil or any other suitable oil known to those skilled in the art.

[0025] According to some embodiments, the one-way valve is opened at a predetermined temperature. The heating vessel ensures that the fluid entering the vessel is heated to a specific temperature before leaving the vessel. In the above, the predetermined temperature is 400 to 500°F (for example, 450°F).

[0026] According to some embodiments, the heater comprises an electric heater. The first fluid may be located within the hollow interior of the heating vessel, or the first fluid may be heated from the exterior of the heating vessel.

[0027] According to some embodiments, the heating vessel is heated to 500-600 psi (e.g., 550 psi). si) internal pressure, which is the pressure of the fluid to be desalted as it moves through the transfer pipe. This can help keep solids suspended in the fluid from settling. .

[0028] According to some embodiments, the heat exchanger preheats the fluid to be demineralized before it enters the heating vessel. A heating vessel is provided for heating and cooling the fluid to be desalted after passing through the heating vessel. In one embodiment, the heating vessel and the heat exchanger operate in conjunction to heat the fluid to be desalinated; Improve the efficiency of the system.

[0029] According to some embodiments, the settling tank collects materials that settle out of the fluid being desalted. The settling tank is located between the second filtrate and the storage tank. The settling tank has an inlet, a settling tank outlet, and a settling tank drain. the outlet of the settling tank is in fluid communication with the inlet for the desalted fluid. It will be established as follows.

[0030] According to some embodiments, the polishing tank is located between the settling tank and the storage tank. The polishing vessel has a polishing vessel inlet and a polishing vessel outlet, and contains a plurality of resin beads. The resin beads help remove small molecules from the fluid. the outlet of the polishing vessel is in fluid communication with the inlet for the desalting fluid. do.

[0031] According to some embodiments, a method for desalination of a fluid is disclosed. At least some of the suspended solids are filtered out. At least some of the gas in the fluid is removed. After removal, a fluid treatment chemical is mixed into the fluid to be desalted. a heating vessel having a hollow interior with a transfer pipe located within and traversing the hollow interior; The transfer tube has an inlet and an outlet of the heating vessel. The vessel is heated by a heater. The hollow interior is filled with a first fluid, and the transfer tube is The fluid to be desalted is conveyed through a heating vessel. After passing through the heating vessel, the fluid to be desalted is filtered. The fluid is then allowed to settle in a settling tank to remove particles larger than 3 microns. to precipitate out and produce a desalted fluid, which is collected in a storage tank.

[0032] According to some embodiments, the fluid treatment chemical comprises a phosphate. Trisodium phosphate may also be included.

[0033] According to some embodiments, the fluid treatment chemicals include a dispersant. Oxidizing agents such as Acumer 3100™ sold by W Chemicals It may also be an iron dispersant.

[0034] According to some embodiments, the further step of adding aluminum sulfate to the storage tank. The addition of aluminum sulfate causes the phosphate molecules to precipitate out of solution.

[0035] According to some embodiments, the step of polishing the fluid in the container containing the resin beads is completed. After the settling tank is filled, the desalted fluid is collected in a holding tank. It helps to recover the remaining small molecules and sodium that have passed through.

[0036] According to some embodiments, the desalted fluid is treated with UV to kill bacteria.

[0037] These and other features and advantages of the present application are intended to be illustrative and not restrictive of the invention. The present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings of certain non-limiting embodiments. The drawings are intended to illustrate various concepts disclosed herein and are not to scale. There are times when this happens. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0038] [Figure 1] 1 illustrates a process diagram of one embodiment of a water or other fluid treatment system.

[0039] [Figure 2] 1 illustrates, in schematic form, one embodiment of a reactor configured to be incorporated into a water or other fluid treatment system.

[0040] [Figure 3] 1 illustrates a process diagram of one embodiment of a water or other fluid treatment system.

[0041] [Figure 4] 1 illustrates a process diagram of one embodiment of a water or other fluid treatment system.

[0042] [Figure 5] 1 illustrates a process diagram of one embodiment of a water or other fluid treatment system.

[0043] [Figure 6] 1 illustrates a process diagram of one embodiment of a water or other fluid treatment system.

[0044] [Figure 7] 1 illustrates a cross-sectional side view of a heating vessel according to one embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0045] Various embodiments of the fluid treatment systems and methods disclosed herein are specific to desalination. While relevant, the features, advantages and other properties disclosed herein may be used in a variety of applications, including, for example, fluids. In other applications, such as the removal of various salts, other dissolved materials, other contaminants or materials from It may be applicable directly or indirectly through

[0046] Some embodiments of the invention disclosed herein are particularly advantageous because: , the following benefits: (i) Enhanced removal of salts and other contaminants from water or other liquids. (ii) a self-sustaining system in terms of external energy input; (iii) a reduced carbon footprint and / or additional environmental benefits; (iv) providing a desalination system that removes water from a water source without the need for reverse osmosis or other membrane technology; (v) providing treatment systems for removing salts from various treatment steps and processes; To provide a desalination system that generates heat that can be advantageously utilized, one or several of Because it includes everything.

[0047] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic process diagram of one embodiment of a water or other fluid treatment system 2. As noted herein, the illustrated system 2 may include salts and / or other substances. It can be used to remove ions from water or other liquid streams. For example, System 2 can be The following: seawater, well water, brackish water, water produced and / or used in hydraulic fracturing procedures (e.g., frac water), wastewater (e.g., domestic, industrial, etc.) and / or any other wastewater, a liquid stream and / or a liquid source containing a relatively high concentration of one or more salts; One or more can be used to desalt and / or otherwise process.

[0048] In some embodiments, the system 2 may be configured to provide up to 300,000 ppm (e.g., up to Large 300,000, Max 250,000, Max 200,000, Max 150,000, Max One or more of the following concentrations (maximum 100,000, maximum 50,000, values and ranges between the aforementioned concentrations, etc.) The system 2 is configured to process a liquid stream containing the following salt: sodium chloride. , magnesium hydroxide, calcium chloride, calcium carbonate, sodium sulfate, gypsum, etc. The method may be adapted to remove one or more of:

[0049] The treatment methods summarized in FIG. 1 facilitate various aspects related to the treatment of water or other liquids. Such steps and processes advantageously include, for example, For example, the type of water or other liquid being treated, the salt concentration of the water or other liquid being treated, other contaminants and substances in the water or other liquid being treated, other properties of the water or other liquid being treated ( target levels of treatment required or desired, e.g., pH, temperature, alkalinity, etc.; One or more of the following: system capacity, system location, and ambient conditions in which the system is located It can be customized based on your considerations.

[0050] In response, System 2 customizes the design and improves the overall performance associated with the process. Eliminate and / or replace one or more processing steps or processes to improve This specification provides an alternative design for the processing system. While using additional system designs and embodiments not specifically disclosed in this application and can be provided by the processing system disclosed in FIG. 1 and elsewhere in this application. It should be understood that at least some of the concepts of the present invention will be shared.

[0051] Referring to FIG. 1, a treatment system 2 (and corresponding treatment method) is configured to treat water or other liquids. It may also include a pump 8 configured to transfer fluid from the source 4 to the processing scheme. As such, the fluid source 4 may be seawater, well water, brackish water, frac water, wastewater (e.g., domestic wastewater), or the like. Yards, factories, etc.) and / or any other wastewater containing relatively high concentrations of one or more salts Any of a variety of fluid sources, including but not limited to a liquid stream and / or liquid source or one of the following:

[0052] In some embodiments, the intake pump 8 is configured to pump the volume of the processing system relative to the fluid source 4. The location of the processing system and its components and / or other considerations or factors may affect the The pump may include a single pump or multiple pumps, depending at least in part on the fluid source. A self-priming pump designed and otherwise arranged to create a suction or siphon effect from In other embodiments, the water or other liquid to be treated may be pumped from a fluid source. configured to flow by gravity to one or more treatment steps or processes of system 2. The fluid source 4 may include a tank, a vessel, and / or other container. However, in other embodiments, the fluid source 4 may be a lake, ocean, or other body of water, and / or a pool. It may also include types.

[0053] The water or other liquid to be treated may then undergo some degree of primary or preliminary treatment. In some arrangements, such primary or preliminary treatment may involve larger Materials (e.g. sand, silt, coarse particles, fabric, grease, other residues, larger objects, etc.) ) and substances from the water or other liquid being treated. The removal of such materials and substances during one or more primary treatment steps, stages or processes, e.g. For example, improving the efficiency and effectiveness of desalination / treatment systems and / or equipment, devices and and / or system protection (e.g., against damage, wear and tear, etc.). It can provide one or more advantages or benefits.

[0054] With reference to FIG. 1, the fluid source may be a treatment process or a filtration system that aids in the removal of sand, silt, and / or coarse particles. In the illustrated embodiment, the system 2 includes a hydrocyclone detector. Includes a sander 12, a hydrocyclone desilter 16 and a degasser / degasser 20. Such a system or component is adapted to handle a continuous flow of fluid from a source passing therethrough. In an alternative arrangement, such a system or component may be It can be adapted to operate as a system.

[0055] In some arrangements, primary or preliminary treatment of water or other fluids to be treated may include additional, fewer and / or different processing steps or processes than those shown in FIG. For example, a treatment system or scheme may include sand and silt removal. can be combined into one process, which involves the addition of one or more other substances (e.g., grit, oil, grease, etc.). In some embodiments, the device may be adapted to remove objects such as stubborn lumps, larger objects, etc. In this case, a primary settling tank may be used to assist in the removal of one or more of the substances. The main settling tank is used for gravity settling of target material (e.g. sand, silt, coarse particles, suspended solids, etc.). In some embodiments, the tank may include a continuous flow tank with a pass-through velocity that facilitates and using a scum and / or oil removal device or system to remove scum, oil and / or or tend to remain on or near the top surface of the particular water or other fluid being treated. Other materials or substances that may be present in the scum trough or crevice can be removed. using separators and / or other devices, components or systems Additionally, the system 2 may include one or more entrance screens or similar devices. or use the system to remove larger objects entering the system as desired or necessary. It is possible.

[0056] In some embodiments, the sander 12 is contained in the water or other liquid to be treated. The desander 12 is configured to remove most or all of the suspended solids that are present in the sieve. configured to remove suspended solids of 5 microns or μm (approximately 0.001 inches) or larger In other arrangements, suspended solids and and / or other materials may be present in the film, either greater than or less than 25 microns, as desired or required. It is possible to do this even if it is full.

[0057] According to some embodiments, the desander 12 is a hydrocyclone cone that uses centrifugal force. Such cones advantageously require little to no maintenance. In some arrangements, the desander passes the water or other liquid to be treated through a head. It requires a 75-foot head to allow for flow and processing. In an embodiment, the inlet pressure of the water or other liquid entering the sander is 150 psi (e.g. For example, 100-200, 120-180, 140-160, 100-140, 100-1 50, 120-140, 120-150, 120-160, 130-140, 130-1 50, 130-160, 130-170, 140-150, 140-160, 140-1 70, 140-180, 140-200 psi, values and ranges between the aforementioned inlet pressures, etc. is.

[0058] Continuing with reference to the treatment system / scheme 2 of FIG. 1, the water or other fluid to be treated is desiccated. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, a separate system or processor Although shown as a process, treatment system 2 may also be used to treat sand and silt (e.g., alone or in combination with other together with the contaminant or substances) to help remove Alternatively, one, two or more different steps or processes may be used. to remove various target contaminants and / or substances as desired or needed. can be done.

[0059] The Desilter 16 removes suspended solids larger than 5 microns or μm (approximately 0.0002 inches). In another arrangement, the desilter 16 may be configured to remove Suspended solids and / or other materials that can be removed may be removed up to 5 microns, as desired or required. In some arrangements, desilting can be performed at a thickness of more than 5 microns or less than 5 microns. The head has a 75-foot head for treating water or other liquids by flowing them through the head. In some embodiments, an inlet for water or other liquid entering the desilter is required. The pressure is 150 psi (e.g., 100-200, 120-180, 140-160, 1 00~140, 100~150, 120~140, 120~150, 120~160, 1 30~140, 130~150, 130~160, 130~170, 140~150, 1 40~160, 140~170, 140~180, 140~200psi, inlet pressure as mentioned above (e.g., values and ranges between forces).

[0060] Solids removed from either the primary or preliminary processes (e.g., sand, silt, coarse particles, oil , grease, larger items, etc.) can be landfilled, reused, or reprocessed as desired or necessary. can be recycled, reclaimed, and / or recovered.

[0061] In some embodiments, the processing system of FIG. 1 or as illustrated in Scheme 2 The primary or preliminary treatment process may include degassing or venting 20. or degasser 20 to remove carbon dioxide, oxygen and and / or other gases, which are not freely vented to the surrounding environment. However, it may be permitted to be isolated or removed from the water or other liquid being treated. Depending on the nature of the gases that are otherwise removed, additional processing of the gases may be desirable. For example, in some embodiments, The isolated or otherwise separated gases may be odorous gases, flammable gases and / or treatable gases. or the need for neutralization (e.g., induced by carbon absorption, combustion, or calcination). It may contain some other gas.

[0062] Continuing with reference to FIG. 1, the processing system may include one or more additional steps or processes (e.g., For example, as part of the primary or preliminary treatment. or other liquids are directed to one or more lime softening tanks or similar processing steps 32 for processing. Removal of hardness and / or additional unwanted substances and materials from water or other liquids to be treated This can be done.

[0063] In some embodiments, the softening agent formed or otherwise present in the softening tank 32 Any lime or other precipitates present can be coagulated or settled and removed. Lime, carbonates (e.g., calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, etc.) and / or water hardness Other materials that contribute to the degree of contamination may be configured to be removed as desired or necessary. In such an arrangement, water or other liquids enter the treatment equipment, system or process. During and / or before the Addition of solidification and / or other chemicals that promote settling to the water or other liquid being treated That's fine.

[0064] According to some embodiments, the treatment of water is passed through one or more softening tanks 32. can help alleviate stress on downstream reactors. For example, Removal of lime, hardness and / or other materials from the water at the reactor site avoids overstressing the reactor. In some arrangements, if not removed in the previous step, , the material may also form insoluble material within the reactor, thereby reducing capacity, This can result in reduced operating efficiency and / or otherwise adversely affect reactor operation.

[0065] The reaction in the lime softening tank or similar treatment step 32 increases the temperature of the water or other liquid being treated. Degrees at least 130°F (e.g., at least 130, 135, 140, 145, 15 0°F, 130~140, 140~150, 130~150, 140~160°F, as above The temperature of the water to be treated may be set to a value or range between the values. The temperature rise of other liquids (e.g., relative to ambient temperature or source water temperature) It can promote chemical reactions, including coagulation and precipitation, that may occur during the process.

[0066] As illustrated in FIG. 1, water or other liquid to be treated is passed through one or more lime softening tanks 32. to raise the temperature of the water or other liquid to be treated before directing it to the The liquid may be passed through one or more heat exchangers 24, 28 and / or As described herein, such heat exchange The reactor utilizes heat generated during the treatment process (e.g., as a result of the reaction in reactor 56). and advantageously, an external energy supply is required to achieve the required heating of the water or other liquid. This can reduce or eliminate the need for subsidies.

[0067] Precipitate lime, magnesium carbonate and / or other materials that precipitate as a result of softening In some embodiments, such waste streams can be removed by It can be used to incorporate potassium chloride into bricks, bricks, and other items. and / or other coagulants / sediments containing potassium, etc., may also be advantageously used in the softening step or process. 32 can be used to remove it from the water or other liquid being treated.

[0068] In some arrangements, the softening tank 32 is formed and precipitated in the tank 32. tapered (e.g., conical) bottom to aid in the capture of condensed coagulants and other settling agents This sludge stream may be removed via gravity and / or pumping. can be done.

[0069] Embodiments disclosed herein, including the processing system illustrated in FIG. 1 and Scheme 2 one or more flow controls and / or other mechanical, electromechanical and and / or other devices or components may be provided (e.g., as illustrated or shown in this application). (even if not discussed). Such devices or components include those of a particular system. As desired or required for system design or configuration, including but not limited to: Pumps, pipes, channels, weirs, baffles and / or other hydraulic connectors or components elements, valves (e.g., check valves or non-return valves), turbines (e.g., flow and / or (for the advantageous generation of energy using water or other liquids passing through it), and / or a controller.

[0070] Continuing with reference to FIG. 1, the water or other liquid to be treated is passed through a heat exchanger and / or other transfer passing through one or more of the thermal devices, components or systems 24, 28, 40. As described in more detail herein, such heat exchangers or similar The device of Scheme 2 utilizes the exothermic reaction occurring in the processing system or in Scheme 2 to / Advantageously reducing (e.g., reducing, eliminating) the total energy requirements associated with the operation of the scheme etc.) can be done.

[0071] However, in some embodiments, the systems and / or or related processing methods or schemes, or the equivalent thereof, in heat exchangers or other transfer It may be provided without a thermal device, component or system. The processing system and scheme uses at least some externally supplied energy. Such energy can be used for power generation, such as electrical energy (e.g., municipal power plants), one or more green or clean technologies ( For example, solar power, wind power, turbines, etc.), and / or any other power source, etc. The energy may be supplied by

[0072] In some embodiments, the water or other liquid being treated may be as saturated as desired or necessary. Subsequent or preliminary treatment (e.g., larger items, sand, silt, coarse particles, other solids, lime, charcoal) Magnesium chloride, hardness-contributing substances, potassium chloride, other precipitants, gases and / or other contaminants, substances, materials and / or components) before The resulting product may be subjected to one or more secondary processing steps or processes. See, e.g., FIG. The water can then enter a reactor where it is subjected to targeted removal of salts or other dissolved solids. A process of doing so can be initiated.

[0073] Referring to FIG. 1, water or other liquid to be treated enters one or more reactors 56 of system 2. one or more mixing tanks 36 in which the introduction of certain chemical additives may occur prior to the In some embodiments, the amount of water or other liquid being treated may be pH is 10 or higher (e.g., 9, 9.5, 10, 10.5, 11, 11.5, 12, 12 .5, 13, 10-11, 11-12, 10-12, 12-13, 10-13, the aforementioned values and values between the range, such as above 13).

[0074] According to some embodiments, the pH is increased to a desired or required level. Add neutral soda (e.g., sodium hydroxide) and / or any other base to the water being treated. or other liquids, e.g., soda ash, phosphoric acid, as described in more detail below. Other additives such as trisodium salt (TSP), and / or aluminum sulfate may also be added to the reactor. These additional additives may be introduced into the water or other liquid being treated upstream of 56. One or more of these may also help raise the pH if they are basic in nature.

[0075] In some embodiments, the pH of the water or other liquid to be treated is adjusted to between 5 and 8 (e.g., For example, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 5-8, 5-7, 5-6, 6-8, 6 pH values between 7 and 8, and values between the aforementioned values and ranges, etc.) to 10 or higher. In form, the starting pH is below 5, depending on the type of water or other liquid being treated. It may be greater than 8.

[0076] As noted above, one or more other chemicals or additives may be processed in the mixing tank 36. The solution may be added to water or other liquids. For example, trisodium phosphate (TSP) may be added to water. to generate the required phosphate molecules in the reactor, to which the target ions bind. In some embodiments, the reaction may be carried out in a reactor to form new molecules / substances. Molecules and / or other substances that may be advantageously formed include, but are not limited to, sodium phosphate. calcium phosphate, magnesium phosphate, and / or sodium, calcium, Other molecules include magnesium, etc. Thus, in some embodiments, The addition of TSP to water or other liquids to be treated can reduce hardness (e.g., as a result of molecules or other materials being formed in the reactor).

[0077] The reaction in the mixing tank 36 is carried out at a temperature of at least 100°F (100°C) for the water or other liquid being treated. (e.g., at least 100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125, 130, 13 5, 140, 145, 150, 155, 160°F, 100~160, 100~150, 100~140, 100~130, 100~120, 100~110, 110~160, 110~150, 110~140, 120~160, 130~160, 130~140, 140-150, 130-150, 140-160°F, any value or range between the aforementioned temperatures, etc. In one embodiment, the water to be treated or other The temperature of the liquid should be between 150 and 170°F (e.g., 150, 155, 160, 165, 17 The temperature rise in the mixing tank 36 is used to add various additives to the water or other liquid being treated. The reaction time of the additives can be extended, thus improving the overall treatment system and method. It can be improved.

[0078] In some embodiments, the amount of TSP and / or other additives may be adjusted to the amount of water being treated. or other liquid. and / or other sensing devices or components that detect specific chemical, physical or other parameters. may be strategically placed at various locations throughout the processing system 2 to detect data. For example, such a sensor or other device may be , specific chemicals or constituents in the water or other liquid being treated (e.g., sodium, calcium, magnesium, other metal ions, chloride, other ions, hardness and / or It is possible to detect the concentration of substances that contribute to alkalinity (e.g., phosphates). The sensors and / or other devices may measure the following: pH, temperature, pressure, flow, and / or heat and the like.

[0079] According to some embodiments, the information obtained from such sensors and / or other devices The acquired information can be used to modify one or more aspects of the operation of the processing system 2. Such control can be achieved automatically, semi-automatically, manually, etc. For example, in a mixing tank A pH sensor located upstream of 36 allows the system to adjust the pH of the water or other liquid to a desired or desired level. The water or other liquid being treated is adjusted to a target level (e.g., 10 or 10.5). It is possible to add an appropriate amount of caustic soda (e.g., sodium hydroxide) to the body. Similarly, a phosphate sensor located along the same line can measure the amount of TSP and / or or other phosphate-containing material is fed to the water prior to the reactor. Therefore, the use of such sensors and other measuring devices is in accordance with the objectives of the system. reactions (e.g., chemical reactions, heat transfer reactions, etc.) occur according to a desired or required strategy. We can help ensure that

[0080] In some arrangements, system 2 may include various process steps, devices, systems, systems and subsystems, to receive data and information from other components of the system Such processors include one or more processors configured to: and / or other information to make changes to the operation of one or more aspects of the system. For example, such data and information may be programmed or otherwise adapted. The information may include the various sensors or other devices contained within the system (e.g., temperature sensors, Chemical concentration sensors, pressure sensors, pH sensors, level sensors, etc.) may be included.

[0081] According to some embodiments, the TSP (and and / or other phosphate-containing additives) in water or other liquids. In some embodiments, the total TDS of the water is at least partially dependent on the concentration of However, in other alternative embodiments, the amount of water that contributes to the TDS is Certain types of substances (e.g., sodium, calcium, chloride, etc.) as base substances Such a scheme involves the use of suitable amounts of phosphate and / or other chemical compounds, Helps ensure that components and / or materials are fed to the water before the reactor. The appropriate amount of the additive is sufficient to prevent the chemical bonding, reactions and formation that occur in the reactor. This may depend, at least in part, on the effect of the additive on pH and / or other considerations. do.

[0082] In one embodiment, the amount of TSP and / or other additives is adjusted to the amount of water or other additives being treated. It can be consistent with the TDS concentration of the liquid (e.g., a 1:1 ratio to the concentration). In this embodiment, the relative amounts of additives may vary. The ratio of additives used may be less than 1:1 or greater than 1:1 (e.g., 0. 5:1, 0.75:1, 1:1, 1.25:1, 1.5:1, 2:1, etc.) stomach.

[0083] In some embodiments, the mixing tank 36 is supplied with water or other liquid to be treated. Any chemicals or additives that are used should be removed within 30 seconds (e.g., 30, 25, 20, 15, 1 0, within 5 seconds, 0-30 seconds, 0-20 seconds, 0-10 seconds, or any time between the above values or ranges It is configured to mix thoroughly with the

[0084] According to some arrangements, the water or other liquid to be treated in the mixing tank 36 The temperature should be at least 100°F (e.g., at least 100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125, 130, 135, 140, 145, 150, 155, 160°F, 10 0~110, 100~120, 100~130, 100~140, 100~150, 11 0~120, 110~130, 110~140, 110~150, 130~140, 14 (e.g., 0-150, 130-150, 140-160°F, or any value or range between the aforementioned temperatures) is.

[0085] In some embodiments, the temperature of the water or other liquid being treated in the mixing tank 36 is , at least 160°F (e.g., at least 160, 165, 170, 175, 180 , 185, 190, 195, 200, 205, 210, 220, 225, 230°F, before The temperature range is between the stated values or temperatures, e.g., above 230°F. The temperature (e.g., relative to ambient temperature or the temperature of the water in the fluid source) may be adjusted to a desired or required degree. This can accelerate chemical reactions, including extending reaction times at room temperature.

[0086] According to some embodiments, the mixing tank 36 may include, for example, an impeller, syringe, or other mixing device. Some arrangements include one or more mixed technologies, such as a combined instrument, device, or system. In the ment, the water to be treated in the mixing tank 36 and / or upstream of the mixing tank 36 or other liquids, the chemicals and / or other additives introduced into the liquid are absorbed in the blood for a relatively short period of time. The mixture is then combined with water or other liquid (e.g., homogeneous or generally or substantially homogeneous). In some embodiments, such The time may be set to 1 minute or less (e.g., 60 seconds, 50 seconds, 40 seconds, 30 seconds), as desired or necessary. , 20 seconds, 10 seconds, 5 seconds, 5~10 seconds, 0~10 seconds, 0~20 seconds, 10~20 seconds, 0~3 The time may be 0 seconds, 0 to 60 seconds, any value and range within the aforementioned time periods, etc.

[0087] In some embodiments, addition in mixing tank 36 and prior to reactor 56 The use of TSP as a product can provide one or more benefits and advantages. In this case, phosphate in TSP is difficult to treat due to its charge (e.g., negative or ionic charge). Once the water or other liquid to be treated is directed into one or more reactors 56 of the treatment system 2, can help attract thorium or other positive ions (e.g., cations) As mentioned above, a higher pH may be achieved by increasing the amount of chemicals and / or other additives in the mixing tank 36. Such a higher pH can be achieved by adding an additive. This is beneficial to the process as it leads to a higher concentration of hydrogen ions in the water or other liquid being treated. Such ions may be generated in reactor 56, as described in more detail herein. It can help the reaction to occur.

[0088] Continuing with reference to the processing system and scheme shown in FIG. 1, one or more mixing tanks 36 The water or other fluid to be treated exiting the reactor 50 may be directed to one or more reactors 56. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the water or other fluid to be treated is optionally passed through one or more heat exchangers. or other heat transfer device or system 40, and the water or other liquid The temperature of the water or other liquid is advantageously adjusted (e.g., elevated) before entering the reactor 56. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 1, one or more reactors of system 2 may The water or other liquid transferred to 56 may be mixed with the water or other fluid exiting one or more reactors 56. The water to be treated or other As the temperature of the fluid in the reactor 56 increases as a result of the reactions and processes in the reactor The water or other fluid being treated will have an elevated temperature upon exiting 56. For example, In some arrangements, the temperature of the water or other liquid exiting the reactor 56 is between 450°C and 500°F. At least 600°F of this water or other liquid to be treated in reactor 56 Some of the heat is induced in one or more heat exchangers and / or other heat transfer devices or systems. and transfer heat to water or other liquid entering reactor 56. , the temperature of the water or other liquid directed to the inlet of one or more reactors 56 can be increased. In addition, the temperature of the water or other liquid exiting the reactor can be reduced (e.g., as a result of heat transfer). As a result).

[0089] According to some embodiments, water or The temperature of the other liquid may be above 350°F (e.g., 350-360°C), as desired or required. 360~370, 370~380, 380~390, 390~400, 350~400, 355~365, 355~400, 350~380, 400~425, 425~450, (450-500°F, values and ranges between the aforementioned values and ranges, above 500°F, etc.) In other embodiments, the temperature of the water or other liquid entering one or more reactors 56 may be increased. is below 350°F (e.g., 300-350, 300-310, 310-320, 32 0~330, 330~340, 340~350, 310~350, 310~340, 31 0~330, 320~350, 320~340, values and ranges between the above temperatures, 300° It may be less than F.

[0090] In some embodiments, the water or other liquid to be treated is at least The target chemical process occurring in reactor 56 should reach a temperature of at least 357°F. At higher temperatures (e.g., 357-400, 357-360, 360-370, 37 0~380, 380~390, 390~400, 400~425, 425~450, 40 0~450, 450~500, 400~500, 500~550, 550~600, 50 0 to 600°F, temperatures between the aforementioned values or ranges, temperatures above 600°F, etc. However, other arrangements may be used to accelerate or otherwise enhance In the reactor, one or more other factors (e.g., pressure, pH, The treatment in reactor 56 is based on the amount of water or liquid being treated (e.g., chemical additives added to the water or liquid being treated). The desired temperature of the water or liquid being treated is less than 357°F (e.g., 300-310, 30 0~320, 300~330, 300~340, 300~350, 300~355, 32 5~350, 350~355, 350~357, 250~300, 200~250, 20 0 to 300°F, temperatures between the aforementioned values or ranges, temperatures below 200°F, etc. Good too.

[0091] As described in more detail below, the minimum temperature of the water or other liquid in the reactor (e.g., , 357°F) can be affected by one or more factors (e.g., pressure, pH, flow rate, chemical additives added to water or liquids upstream of the The chemistry of the salt and / or the chemistry of the water itself can be enhanced, advantageously Modifications to achieve a desired result (e.g., removal of salts and / or other substances from water) It is possible.

[0092] According to some embodiments, the elevated temperature of the water in reactor 56 dissolves the molecules contained therein. selectively and advantageously modifying the chemical properties of the liquid being treated (including the molecules contained therein), As mentioned above, if the target temperature of the water in reactor 56 is higher than the boiling point of water, If so, the pressure of the water or liquid in the reactor 56 may be increased above atmospheric pressure to liquefy the water. For example, according to one embodiment, the water temperature should be maintained at 350°F to 5 At 00°F, the pressure of the water in the reactor must be 40°C to maintain the water as a liquid in the reactor. It is maintained at 0 to over 500 psi.

[0093] In some embodiments, elevated temperatures of water in the reactor (e.g., temperatures above 357°F); The pressure of the water in the reactor (e.g., 400-500 psi), the pH of the water (e.g., 10, 10 0.5 or more), the velocity of the water flowing through the reactor (e.g., 5 ft / sec or more), the presence of certain chemicals or additives (e.g., phosphates) and / or one or more Other factors include target ions in the water (e.g., sodium, calcium, magnesium, etc.) In one or more reactors 56 of System 2, the formation of molecules that combine with The molecules that are formed can be removed from the water in subsequent processing steps (e.g., filtration, precipitation, polishing, etc.). Since the enzyme is induced to undergo a stable transformation (e.g., insolubility), it can maintain a stable form.

[0094] Accordingly, in some embodiments, the various systems and methods disclosed herein method to remove salt, hardness and / or other substances without using reverse osmosis and / or other membrane technologies. However, in some arrangements, this The various systems and methods disclosed herein may utilize one or more membrane technologies (e.g., reverse osmosis, other In such a configuration, the treatment process can still be completed using a to reduce the overall production costs and / or improve the efficiency of treatment systems. The system's operation is more efficient and effective, and uses little to no external energy. providing one or more benefits beyond the system (e.g., providing a more environmentally beneficial system) This can be done.

[0095] The reactor 56 is designed to ensure that a desired pressure can be maintained for the water or other liquid passing therethrough. The container or other tank may be sealed to allow for accurate measurement. As shown, reactor 56 is configured to pass water or other liquid to be treated. The main chamber or portion 58 may include a main chamber or portion 58 having one or more regions. Adjacently and / or along the same, a secondary chamber or portion 57 may be included. The secondary chamber or portion 57 directs water passing through the primary chamber or portion 58 (e.g., Receives oil and / or another fluid that is intended to be heated thermodynamically (through heat transfer) In some embodiments, the secondary chamber or portion may be configured as follows: The oil that can be used is not limited to these. However, sunflower oil, avocado oil, olive oil, or other oils may be used as desired or needed. These include vegetable or natural oils, synthetic oils, and / or combinations of the foregoing oils.

[0096] Referring to FIG. 1, system 2 transfers heat to water or other liquid being treated in reactor 56. As described above in connection with FIG. 2, the present invention may include an auxiliary heating system that can be used to achieve the desired temperature. Thus, the heat generation system may include heating oil. Such auxiliary heat generating systems are used only during start-up or other initial stages of the processing system and method. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the heat generation system may include a boiler or other primary heat source. The system includes a source 64, one or more pumps 60, filters 68, valves and / or other hydraulic components. That's fine too.

[0097] In some arrangements, oil-based or other heat generating systems During this time (e.g., the exothermic reaction resulting from the chemical reaction in reactor 56 may cause the or when no stabilization is performed to generate the necessary heat for the water leaving the reactor) However, in some embodiments, the operation of the system 2 Once a steady state of operation is reached at the required level, the auxiliary heating system may no longer be needed and may be shut down. obtain.

[0098] Regarding the mechanism of removing salts and / or other substances contained in water or liquids, Heat reduces the density, viscosity, and surface tension of water. As a result, water molecules are at least partially The mobility of anions and cations in the water or other liquid being treated can be increased. Accordingly, water affects the dissociation of salts and / or other electrolytes present in the water. As a result of changes in water quality at elevated temperatures, at least a fraction of the dissolved oxygen in the water Dissolved substances (e.g., salts) may remain as insoluble or neutral chemical components. This can reduce the solubility of salt compounds contained in the liquid.

[0099] The changes in water quality that occur at such elevated operating temperatures can also produce energy in the form of heat. In other words, when these chemically related changes occur in the water being treated, The exothermic reaction that occurs produces heat, which can be absorbed by the water, further increasing the water temperature. In some embodiments, such an exothermic reaction occurs by adding sodium (and and / or metal cations, e.g., magnesium, calcium, etc.) as well as phosphates (and As mentioned above, such an increase in water temperature can further enhance the efficiency of the whole process.

[0100] One or more valves or other hydraulic components may be provided in system 2 to control the flow of water or other liquid being treated. The temperature, pressure, flow rate and / or physical or chemical properties of the body are adjusted to the desired or required This can ensure that the temperature is maintained within a certain level or range. As shown, the discharge from the reactor may be controlled by a temperature, pressure threshold and / or other One or more downstream valves 48 may be configured to prevent opening until the requirement is achieved. For example, if the water or other liquid being treated is at a target minimum temperature (e.g., 357°F, 400°F, etc.), If the pressure drop across the downstream valve or other flow control device 48 is not reached, the downstream valve or other flow control device 48 may be maintained in a closed position. Once the desired temperature, pressure and / or other properties are achieved, valve 48 is opened (e.g., The reactor may be configured to allow water or other liquid to exit (automatically).

[0101] Similarly, as shown in FIG. 1, one or more valves or devices 44 may be provided as desired or required. Optionally, one or more flow paths may be included to regulate pressure and / or any other characteristic. For example, check valve 44 shown in FIG. 1 may be used to transfer the high pressure in reactor 56 to the heat exchange unit. This prevents pressure from being released into the nozzle 40.

[0102] As illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed herein, processing system 2 advantageously includes a may include one or more heat exchangers or other heat transfer devices or systems / subsystems as required. Also, as described above, heat exchange can be performed using water or Such heat exchange may also occur in reactor 56 to heat other liquids to a desired degree. The heat exchanger is used to transfer heat to the water or liquid being treated (e.g., for a particular treatment process or before the process), strategically located along various parts of the processing system and scheme. It is possible.

[0103] For example, one or more heat exchangers 40 may be provided to exchange the relatively hot water exiting the reactor with the reactant. The reactor is configured to transfer heat between the water entering the reactor and the water. As mentioned above, the elevated concentration of water or other liquid in the reactor may be advantageously increased. Temperature can improve the desired chemical reactions that occur in the reactor, increasing the efficiency of the process. rate can be increased and additional heat can be generated from the exothermic reaction occurring in the reactor; and / or may provide one or more additional benefits or advantages.

[0104] With continued reference to FIG. 1, one or more heat exchangers 28 may be arranged to exchange water leaving the reactor 56. The water is adapted to transfer heat from the tank 32 to the relatively cool water that is directed to the softening tank 32. Similarly, one or more heat exchangers 24 may be arranged to transfer water from the softening tank 32 to the degasser. or configured to transfer heat to the water exiting the deaerator 20. As described above, If the water being treated in tank 32 is heated to a certain level or range, the softening tank The lime softening and / or other reactions occurring in 32 may be enhanced.

[0105] Under certain circumstances, a reactor may generate heat (e.g., via an exothermic chemical reaction occurring within the reactor). and the temperature of the water or other liquid entering the reactor reaches a certain level. Once this is reached, auxiliary heating systems (e.g. oil heating systems) may be shut down. In such an arrangement, the heat generated in the reactor is used to heat the processing system. Able to sustain and handle all the heat required over a partial or full area Correspondingly, the need for external energy can be reduced or eliminated, and the system's diacid This reduces carbon emissions and makes the system more environmentally friendly.

[0106] With continued reference to FIG. 1, the water or other liquid exiting reactor 56 may be passed on to one or more subsequent processing steps. As mentioned above, the specific desired or under required conditions (e.g., temperature, pressure, flow rate, pH, chemical concentration, etc.) In some embodiments, such a reaction can occur with the formation of sodium. One or more insoluble ions, including calcium, magnesium, phosphate, chloride, and other ions of materials and / or other substances desired to be removed from the water or other liquid being treated As discussed, the molecules and / or other insoluble substances so formed is one or more substances that are stable (e.g., not dissolved, damaged, or changed) Therefore, the process may have the necessary stability to allow the process to proceed to downstream processes. Such molecules, compounds or other substances are advantageously removed from the water or other liquid being treated. and can be separated.

[0107] As illustrated in FIG. 1, water or other liquid may be directed to one or more filters 80. In some embodiments, the filter 80 is a filter containing sand and / or carbon. However, in other arrangements, non- Any other filter, including but not limited to gravity filters and / or membrane filters In some embodiments, a filter of the type , the processing system 2 may include any membrane filtration device, system, subsystem and / or or components (e.g., reverse osmosis filtration, other filtration methods incorporating membranes, etc.) The filter is a pressure system that introduces water into a pressurized container or other element. However, in other embodiments, the filter 80 may be , or non-pressurized (e.g., gravity-fed).

[0108] The filter 80 removes any molecules, compounds and other substances present in the water or other liquid being treated. It may also contain sand and / or other media to remove sand and / or other materials. The sand and / or any other media in the filter 80 may be added to the carbon dioxide formed in the reactor 56. sequestering and scavenging either sodium, phosphate and / or other ion-based molecules and / or otherwise may be captured. In addition, additional substances and / or contamination The material is formed in the reactor of System 2 and / or during any other process or treatment step. Whether or not they are formed, they can be captured in the filter 80. In some embodiments, sodium and / or other compounds in water or other liquids can be used. 65% to 95% (e.g., 65 to 95, 70 to 90, 70 to 80) of a compound containing a salt of , 80-90%, percentages between the aforementioned values and ranges, more than 95% and less than 65% The percentage, etc.) can be removed by a filter 80.

[0109] According to some embodiments, the sand and / or other media in the filter 80 is periodically It may be necessary to clear out sand and / or other media via extensive backwashing. The essential backwashing system or components, including pumps, storage tanks and valves, are The filter 80 may be included in connection with the filter 80.

[0110] The filter 80 also reduces the amount of hydrocarbons, odors, dyes, and / or organic contaminants. The filter 80 may be configured to at least partially absorb the water or the type of liquid, the level of contaminants in the water, the desired or required level of treatment, and / or It may contain more than one type of carbon depending on one or more considerations or factors. For example, the carbon contained in filter 80 may include activated carbon, granular carbon, and the like.

[0111] With continued reference to FIG. 1, the water or other liquid exiting the filter 80 may be filtered through one or more sedimentary In some embodiments, aluminum sulfate, lime, and and / or one or more other coagulants may be added to the water or other liquid. The addition of materials may occur in and / or upstream of settling tank 84. In this method, aluminum sulfate and lime are added to water in a ratio of 3:1.

[0112] In some embodiments, coagulants and / or other chemicals added to the water may or the resulting coagulated material is allowed to settle in a settling tank. Such coagulation substances include, but are not limited to, sodium, phosphate, arsenic, other metal ions and Examples of compounds and molecules containing ions and / or other ions include: In some embodiments, the aluminum sulfate added to the settling tank is oxidized in part due to its charge. In some embodiments, the ion beam can attract specific molecules present in water. , the pH and / or any other characteristics of the water exiting the settling tank 84 may be adjusted as desired or required. can be adjusted to a suitable level (e.g., to meet regulatory requirements, downstream components, to protect the source and distribution system, and / or for any other purpose or reason. for).

[0113] The performance of the settling tank 84 depends on the sand and water content of the tank as desired or required under certain circumstances. By adding other media and / or stirring or mixing to the tank, One or more of the following may be installed in the tank: a screen, a filter, a weir, and / or a baffle. by providing a tank or tanks in connection with the tank and / or by providing any additional This can be improved by adding additional improvements.

[0114] In some embodiments, sodium and / or salts in water or other liquids are 0% to 10% of the compound (e.g., 0-10, 0-5, 5-10%, the aforementioned values and percentages between the ranges, percentages above 10%, etc.) are collected by settling tanks 84. can be removed.

[0115] As shown in FIG. 1, in some embodiments, the water or other liquid to be treated is The polishing tank 88 may be used to treat water or Unique abrasive beads that aid in the removal of additional ions and / or other substances from other liquids The abrasive beads may contain abrasive particles (e.g., special molecular beads) in water or other liquid. Size that helps attract remaining sodium, chloride and / or other unwanted ions In some embodiments, the charge may include any other characteristic or property. In some cases, water (e.g., hot water) may be used to regenerate the beads. In some cases, chemical regeneration and / or other treatment processes may be required.

[0116] With continued reference to FIG. 1, one or more additional processing steps and / or components may be added to a particular system. System 2 and corresponding treatment schemes may be included. For example, the system may include a disinfection (e.g., UV, chlorination, or other chemical techniques), additional filtration (e.g., reverse osmosis) , other membrane filters, etc.) and / or storage tanks for storage. stomach.

[0117] 3 and 4 more generally illustrate processing systems or schemes 200, 300. For example, the water entering the treatment system / scheme 200 illustrated in FIG. The other liquid 210 is first directed to one or more processes or steps of primary treatment 220. As discussed with reference to FIG. 1, primary processing 220 may include, but is not limited to, (e.g., screening (using lean, settling tanks, etc.) sand, silt, coarse particles, oil, grease, larger objects removal of solids and / or size reduction of solids (degassing, lime softening, blending, etc.) The process may include one or more preliminary types of processing, including:

[0118] Continuing with reference to FIG. 3, following primary treatment 220, the water or other liquid is passed through secondary treatment 220. 30 (e.g., processing in one or more reactors 56 discussed in connection with FIG. 1). may be introduced into one or more processes or steps during which The targeted sodium, chloride and / or other ions are transported to specific insoluble molecules and Such molecules and compounds can form under certain conditions (e.g., temperature, pressure, etc.). , flow rate, pH, availability of chemical additives, etc.) in one or more reactors. It can be configured as follows.

[0119] In some embodiments, following secondary treatment 230, the water or other liquid is subjected to tertiary treatment. The tertiary treatment may be directed to one or more processes or steps associated with treatment 240. Typically, there is a small amount of precipitation during filtration, settling, polishing and / or secondary processing (e.g., in a reactor). and other steps that aid in the capture and removal of at least partially formed molecules and compounds. Good too.

[0120] As illustrated in the schematic diagram of FIG. 3, a processing system or scheme 200 may include additional processing steps. The method may further include a step or process, such as a quaternary treatment 250. Such treatment may include: For example, additional filtration (e.g., membrane filtration), disinfection (e.g., UV, chlorination, etc.) ) and / or storage, etc.

[0121] The schematic diagram of FIG. 4 illustrates a processing system or scheme similar to that of FIG. However, as shown, the illustrated system or scheme 300 includes only a primary process 320, a secondary process 330, and a tertiary process 340. Accordingly, in any of the embodiments of the processing system or scheme disclosed herein, various Various treatment steps or processes are tailored to the particular water being treated and the degree of treatment desired or required. and / or modified (e.g., eliminated, replaced, added) in light of one or more other considerations. etc.)

[0122] Referring to FIG. 5, a system 410 for desalination utilizes a pump 412 to desalinate water. Fluid is pumped from a fluid source 414. The fluid source 414 may be seawater, flowback fluid from hydraulic fracturing, or the like. or any other fluid source known to those skilled in the art. The fluid to be desalted is generally Although water is considered, other types of fluids may benefit from desalination, and system 410 It should be understood that the pump 412 may be operated by: Located before the system 410, a pumping inlet 416 supplies the fluid to be desalted to a fluid source 414 and directs it through pumping outlet 418 to system 410. It should be understood that the arrangement of may vary depending on the type of pump used. Those skilled in the art will understand the types of pumps that may be utilized in connection with system 410. The fluid may be pumped into the system 410 at a variety of pressures, but in one embodiment, the fluid is desalted. The fluid enters the system 410 at a pressure of 30 psi.

[0123] The fluid to be desalted is pumped from a fluid source 414 through a first filtrate inlet 422. The fluid then enters the first filtration vessel 420 where suspended solids are removed from the fluid. The vessel 420 may have a filter to remove solids by filtration, or It may be a settling tank in which suspended solids are allowed to settle out of the fluid liquid. 4 is a diagram showing the structure of the first filtering vessel 420 in which solids removed from the fluid to be desalted accumulate. Allows solids to be removed from the first filtration vessel 420. At least some of the suspended solids After removing the particles, the fluid to be desalted passes through the first filtrate outlet 426 and is separated into the first filtrate The degassing fluid is delivered to the degassing vessel 428 through a degassing fluid inlet 430 provided in fluid communication with the degassing fluid outlet 426. Baffles 432 for knocking gas out of solution or from the fluid being desalted. Other suitable mechanisms for removing gas may be provided in the degasser 428. 28 can be used, and one skilled in the art will understand the most appropriate type of degassing vessel 428. Degassing vessel 428 is used to remove at least some gas from the fluid being desalted. Degassing vessel 4 is used to remove at least a portion of the carbon dioxide and oxygen in the fluid. 28 has a gas releaser 434 for safely removing collected gas from the degassing vessel 428. The desalted fluid exits the degassing vessel 428 through the degassed fluid outlet 436.

[0124] In the illustrated embodiment, at least a portion of the suspended solids and gases have been removed from the fluid. A mixing tank 38 is provided for the purpose of later mixing the fluid treatment chemicals with the fluid to be desalted. A mixing tank inlet 440 is provided in fluid communication with the degassed fluid outlet 436. In one embodiment, to prevent backflow of fluid throughout the system 410, a mixing A check valve 442 is provided between the tank inlet 440 and the degassed fluid outlet 436. A mixing mechanism 444, such as a mixing rotor shown in the figure, is located in the mixing tank 438 between the chemical inlets. 446 is used to mix the fluid to be desalted with the fluid treatment chemicals added through Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various methods of mixing the liquid, including but not limited to, bubblers, vibration of the mixing tank 438, or other methods may be used. It will be appreciated that other types of mixing mechanisms may be used, including any suitable mixing mechanism such as The type of fluid treatment chemical used will depend on the fluid source 414. Typically, phosphates and / or dispersants are used. If the fluid source 414 is saltwater, the dewatering It is common to treat the salting fluid with zinc and a phosphinocarboxylic acid. If 14 is a flowback from hydraulic fracturing, it is sold by Dow Chemicals. Iron oxide dispersants such as Acumer 3100™ and trisodium phosphate are used. The pH of the fluid to be desalted can also be adjusted to approximately 10.5 using sodium hydroxide. The fluid to be desalted after treatment with the fluid treatment chemicals is then mixed in a mixing tank. It exits the mixing tank 438 through outlet 448. For processing other fluids such as lime and soda ash Chemicals can also be used. A 50 / 50 mixture of lime and soda ash helps to reduce particle settling. Phosphate and Acumer can help maintain sodium particles in suspension. This can be beneficial in maintaining the sodium content and increasing the mass and weight of the sodium particles. 438 improves the mixing of the fluid treatment chemicals with the fluid to be desalted, for example, by direct injection into the fluid stream to be desalted, without the use of chemicals for fluid treatment. It is understood that additional substances may be added.

[0125] The fluid to be desalted is taken from the mixing tank 438 or, if the mixing tank 438 is not used, From the degassing vessel 428, the mixture is transferred to the heating vessel 450. Referring to FIGS. 550, 650 have a hollow interior 552, 652 and a transfer tube 554, 654. Pipes 554, 654 are connected to the mixing tank outlet 648 or to the mixing tanks 538, 638. If not, the heating vessel inlet 55 is provided in fluid communication with the degassed fluid outlet 536, 636. In the illustrated embodiment, the transfer tubes 554, 654 are for conveying the fluid to be desalted. The air traverses the hollow interior 552, 652 five times before exiting through the heating vessel outlet 558, 658. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the transfer tubes 554, 654 are connected to the heating vessel, the hollow interior 552, 652, and the transfer tube. Depending on the size of the flue 554, 654, the hollow interior 552, 652 may be traversed different times. It will be appreciated that the transfer pipes 554, 654 are used to transfer fluid treatment chemicals and fluids to be desalted. The reaction time must be long enough to allow time for the reaction between , the type of fluid to be desalted, the type of fluid treatment chemicals, the temperature of the heating vessel and the heating vessel Understand that different reaction times will be observed depending on several different factors, including the pressure of the The transfer tubes 554, 654 are preferably designed to allow salts in the fluid to adhere. The hollow interiors 552, 652 are made of alloy metals that do not contain the heaters 560, 66. The first fluid fill valve 663 also has a hollow interior 552 , 652 with the first fluid. An equalization tank 665 may also be provided. A hollow interior 552, 652 may be provided to help maintain the first fluid within the hollow interior 552, 652. The heaters 560, 660 are disposed in the hollow interiors 552, 652 of the heating vessels 550, 650. Alternatively, the first fluid may be heated from outside the heating vessel 550, 650. In the embodiment shown in Figure 5, the heater 460 is a boiler. The flow loop 461 , to transport the first fluid from the heating vessel 450 to the boiler and back to the heating vessel 450. The filter 463 located downstream of the boiler is used to filter the first fluid circulating therethrough. It serves to filter it before returning to the heating vessel 450. The embodiment shown in Figures 6 and 7 In this embodiment, the heater 560, 660 is immersed in the first fluid of the heating vessel 550, 650. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other suitable heaters known in the art may also be used. It will be understood that the first fluid may be any of a variety of oils, including mineral oil, sunflower oil, vegetable oil, olive oil, and the like. The heater 5 may be oil, such as bromine oil or any other suitable oil known to those skilled in the art. 60, 660 heats the first fluid to a temperature of 450°F, which is transferred to the transfer tube 554, 654. Generally, the fluid treatment chemicals and the desalination The reaction with the salting fluid begins at a temperature of about 425° F. One-way valves 562, 662 When the temperature of the fluid to be desalted reaches a predetermined temperature, the thermal vessel outlet 558, 658 is disposed A sensor 564, 664, such as a temperature-sensing light bulb, detects when a predetermined temperature is reached. A signal is sent to the one-way valve 562, 662. In one embodiment, the one-way valve 562, The temperature at which the sensor 564, 664 opens is 450°F. or in the hollow interior 552, 652 near the one-way valve 562, 662. To maintain the fluid to be desalted as a liquid, the pressure in the heating vessel can be adjusted to approximately 550 The pressure is maintained at psi. A chemical reaction occurs, causing the salt molecules to dissociate from the fluid, but the fluid process The mass and weight of the salt molecules remain in suspension through the addition of chemicals and adjustment of pH. The desalting fluid is heated to a temperature of approximately 450°F in one direction. It exits through valves 562 , 662 and heating vessel outlet 658 .

[0126] The heating vessel 450 may be provided in fluid communication with a heat exchanger 466, which may include After the fluid to be desalted passes through the heating vessel 450, the fluid is cooled to a temperature of about 110°F. Heat exchanger 466 preheats the fluid to be desalted before it flows into heating vessel 450. The fluid to be desalted that has not been heated to approximately 450°F can be used in heat exchanger 4. 66 and interacts with the desalination fluid heated to approximately 450°F. , the fluid that first enters the heating vessel 450 is preheated. It is already heated and needs to be cooled. Preheating of the fluid to be desalted before entering the heating vessel 450 using the fluid to be desalted is performed by the system 41 The heat exchanger 466 can be a conventional plate and frame heat exchanger. It may be a diverter or any other type of diverter known to those skilled in the art.

[0127] Cooling the fluid to be desalted removes the molecules from solution and makes them suspended in the fluid to be desalted. The fluid to be desalted enters the second filtration vessel 468 through the second filtration inlet 470. If the heat exchanger 466 is not used, the second filtration inlet 470 is connected to the heating vessel outlet 58. If a heat exchanger 466 is used, the second filtration inlet 47 The second filtration vessel 468 is provided in fluid communication with the heat exchanger 466. The second filtration vessel 468 is provided in fluid communication with the salt and Used to filter out molecules larger than 3 microns, including Acumer 3100™ molecules The filter 472 is a filter that is used to filter the fluid. The filtered molecules then exit second filtration vessel 468 through second filtration outlet 474. It can be collected through a second drain 476.

[0128] In the illustrated embodiment, a settling tank 478 is provided. A settling tank inlet 480 is The settling tank 478 is provided in fluid communication with a second filtration outlet 474. Treatment with ash and aluminum sulfate to precipitate any remaining phosphate molecules in solution A 3:1 ratio of alum and aluminum sulfate can be used to precipitate the molecule. Although other ratios or other chemicals may be used, the precipitated molecules are After settling, the fluid can be collected through a drain 482, dried, and reused. The water exits the settling tank 480 through the settling tank outlet 484 .

[0129] In the illustrated embodiment, a polishing vessel 486 is provided. A polishing vessel inlet 488 is provided. The polishing vessel 486 is provided in fluid communication with the tank outlet 484. ... After polishing, the fluid is discharged from the polishing vessel outlet 49. 0 to a storage tank 492 where the desalted fluid is stored. The desalted fluid flows into a storage tank 492 through an inlet 494 for the desalted fluid, which is provided in communication with the outlet 490. If the polishing vessel 486 is not used, the desalting fluid inlet 494 is Depending on the vessel utilized therein, it may be connected to either the settling tank outlet 484 or the second filtration outlet 474. It is tied.

[0130] The desalted fluid can be treated with UV light to kill bacteria. This is done in storage tank 492. This can be done in any vessel of the system 410, but may be done using a separate UV treatment tank 496. The UV treatment tank 496 is typically located before the storage tank 492. However, it should be understood that UV treatment can occur anywhere in the system 410.

[0131] In addition to desalination of fluids, the system 410 also removes arsenic and other potentially harmful chemicals and They can also be used to remove minerals and materials, many of which are used to desalt fluids and process The sodium chloride is removed at the same time by a chemical process between the scrubber and the chemicals used.

[0132] While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, examples of which are shown in the drawings, The invention is not limited to the specific forms or methods disclosed, however, as set forth herein. Rather, the present invention is not limited to the various embodiments described and the appended claims. This document is intended to include all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives that fall within the spirit and scope of the It should be understood that any methods disclosed herein do not have to be performed in the order recited. No. The methods summarized above and described in more detail below depend on the specific actions taken by the perpetrator. It should be understood that this statement may also include instructions for action by another group. The methods summarized above and described in more detail below may be used by users (e.g., by professionals) Describes specific actions to be taken by the group (family) but can also include instructions for actions by other groups. It should also be understood that the ranges disclosed herein include overlapping, subranges, and Any and all combinations of these are included. "about" or "approximately" includes the listed numbers. A number preceded by the term "is inclusive of the number enumerated. For example, "about 10 mm" means "10 mm." A term or phrase preceded by a term such as "substantially" includes the term or phrase being listed. For example, "substantially parallel" includes "parallel."

Claims

1. 1. A system for desalination of a liquid having dissolved salts, comprising: at least one primary treatment process; at least one secondary treatment process comprising at least one reactor; at least one tertiary treatment process; wherein the at least one primary treatment process adjusts the pH of the liquid to a target pH level. and configured to add at least one chemical additive to the liquid; The at least one reactor heats the liquid to a temperature of at least 350°F and to the liquid to maintain the liquid in a liquid state; The dissolved salts of the liquid react with at least a portion of the at least one chemical additive to form the configured to form an insoluble product in at least one reactor; heat is generated as the insoluble product is formed within the at least one reactor; At least a portion of the insoluble product formed in the at least one reactor is and wherein the system is configured to remove from the liquid during at least one tertiary treatment process.

2. the target pH level is 10; the at least one chemical additive comprises a phosphate; the insoluble product comprises dissolved salt cations and phosphate; the at least one tertiary filter configured to remove the insoluble product from the liquid; The system of claim 1 , wherein the treatment process includes a filter.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the target pH level is 10.

4. 4. The system of claim 1 or 3, wherein the at least one chemical additive comprises a phosphate. 。

5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the phosphate comprises trisodium phosphate.

6. Claims 1 or 3-5, wherein the insoluble product comprises cations of dissolved salts and phosphates.

10. The system according to claim 9, wherein:

7. The insoluble products are sodium phosphate, calcium phosphate and magnesium phosphate The system of claim 6 , comprising at least one of:

8. the at least one tertiary filter configured to remove the insoluble product from the liquid; The system of any one of claims 1 or 3 to 7, wherein the treatment process includes a filter. Tem.

9. the at least one tertiary filter configured to remove the insoluble product from the liquid; The treatment process includes at least one settling tank or at least one polishing tank.

10. The system according to claim 1 or any one of claims 3 to 8.

10. 10. The system of any one of claims 1 to 9, which does not involve reverse osmosis or any other membrane technology. Tem.

11. The at least one primary treatment process includes:

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising lime softening to remove at least a portion of the hardness of the liquid before entering the liquid. A system described in any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. The at least one primary treatment process may be a process for removing at least one of sand, silt, coarse particles, and gas. The system of any one of claims 1 to 11, further comprising removing at least one Hmm.

13. Transferring heat from the liquid at one point in the system to the liquid at a different point in the system The method according to claim 1, further comprising at least one heat exchange unit configured to reach 13. The system of any one of claims 12.

14. generated when the insoluble product is formed within the at least one reactor. Heat allows the system to operate without introducing heat externally into the liquid. The system of any one of claims 1 to 13, configured to:

15. an external heating system configured to transfer heat to the liquid in the at least one reactor; The system of any one of claims 1 to 13, further comprising a stem.

16. The system of claim 15 , wherein the external heating system comprises an oil heating system.

17. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the oil circulating in the oil heating system comprises vegetable oil.

18. configured to move as liquid moves through at least a portion of the system and wherein the at least one is configured to generate at least some energy. The system of any one of claims 1 to 17, further comprising two turbines.

19. the primary treatment process promotes mixing of the at least one chemical additive in the liquid; 19. The method according to claim 1, further comprising at least one mixing tank configured to 2. The system according to claim 1 .

20. 20. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 19, further comprising at least one quaternary treatment process. The system.

21. 21. The system of claim 20, wherein the at least one quaternary treatment process comprises disinfection.

22. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the disinfection comprises UV disinfection or chlorination.

23. At least one of the following: seawater, well water, brackish water, water produced in hydraulic fracturing procedures, and wastewater The system according to any one of claims 1 to 22, configured to process at least one Hmm.

24. The at least one reactor heats the liquid to a temperature of at least 400°F. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 23, configured as follows:

25. The at least one reactor heats the liquid to a temperature of at least 450°F. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 23, configured to:

26. The at least one reactor heats the liquid to a temperature of at least 500°F. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 23, configured as follows:

27. 1. A method for desalination of a liquid having dissolved salts, comprising: treating said liquid using at least one primary treatment process; using said at least one secondary treatment process comprising at least one reactor. Treating the liquid; treating said liquid using at least one tertiary treatment process; Including, The at least one primary treatment process adjusts the pH of the liquid to a target pH level. , configured to add at least one chemical additive to the liquid; the at least one reactor heats the liquid to a temperature of at least 350°F; configured to apply pressure to the liquid to maintain the liquid in a liquid state; The dissolved salts in the liquid react with at least a portion of the at least one chemical additive. to form an insoluble product in the at least one reactor; Heat is generated as the insoluble product is formed within the at least one reactor. Living, At least a portion of the insoluble product formed in the at least one reactor is and configured to be removed from the liquid during at least one tertiary treatment process. Law.

28. the target pH level is 10; the at least one chemical additive comprises a phosphate; the insoluble product comprises dissolved salt cations and phosphate; the at least one tertiary filter configured to remove the insoluble product from the liquid; 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the treatment process includes a filter.

29. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the target pH level is 10.

30. 30. The method of claim 27 or 29, wherein the at least one chemical additive comprises a phosphate. 。

31. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the phosphate salt comprises trisodium phosphate.

32. 30. The method of claim 27 or 29, wherein the insoluble product comprises dissolved salt cations and phosphate.

32. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 31.

33. The insoluble products are sodium phosphate, calcium phosphate and magnesium phosphate 33. The method of claim 32, comprising at least one of:

34. a fluid source having a fluid to be desalinated; a first filter having a first filtrate inlet, a first filtrate outlet, and a first filtrate drain; a first filtration vessel, the first filtrate inlet being in fluid communication with the fluid source; Over-container and A degassing vessel having a degassing fluid inlet, a degassing fluid outlet and a gas release, a degassing vessel, the degassed fluid inlet being fluidly connected to the first filtrate outlet; A heating vessel having a hollow interior, wherein a heating element is positioned within the hollow interior and extends across the hollow interior. a transfer pipe for transferring the heating vessel to the heating vessel, the transfer pipe having an inlet and an outlet of the heating vessel, a vessel inlet fluidly connected to the degassed fluid outlet, the hollow interior containing a first fluid; a heating vessel heated by a heater, the outlet of the heating vessel having a one-way valve; At least one filter, a second filtration inlet, a second filtration outlet and a second drain. a second filtering vessel having an inlet, the second filtering inlet being in communication with the outlet of the heating vessel; a second filtration vessel intimately connected thereto; a storage tank having a desalted fluid inlet in fluid communication with the second filtration outlet; a pump for pumping the fluid to be desalted through said system; 1. A system for desalination, comprising:

35. A mixing tank having a mixing tank inlet, a mixing tank outlet, an inlet for chemicals, and a mixing mechanism. an outlet of the mixing tank fluidly connected to the degassed fluid outlet; and The mixing tank is provided with a front end such that the inlet of the mixing tank is in fluid communication with the inlet of the heating vessel.

35. The system of claim 34, located between the degassing vessel and the heating vessel.

36. 36. The system of claim 34 or 35, wherein the transfer tube is made of a metal alloy.

37. The system of any one of claims 34 to 36, wherein the first fluid is oil.

38. 38. The system of claim 37, wherein the first fluid is mineral oil.

39. 38. The system of claim 37, wherein the first fluid is sunflower oil.

40. 40. The system of any one of claims 34 to 39, wherein the one-way valve opens at a predetermined temperature. Hmm.

41. 41. The system of claim 40, wherein the predetermined temperature is 450°F.

42. The system of any one of claims 34 to 41, wherein the heater is an electric heater. Hmm.

43. 43. The method of claim 34, wherein the heater is located in the hollow interior of the heating vessel. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

44. 44. Any one of claims 34 to 43, wherein the heating vessel has an internal pressure of 550 psi. The system described in

45. The fluid to be desalted is preheated before entering the heating vessel and after passing through the heating vessel 45. The method of claim 34, further comprising a heat exchanger for cooling the fluid to be desalinated. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

46. a settling tank having a settling tank inlet, a settling tank outlet and a settling tank drain; an inlet of the settling tank in fluid communication with the second filtration outlet, a second filtering vessel and said storage tank so that said outlet is in fluid communication with said desalted fluid inlet; The system of any one of claims 34 to 45, further comprising a settling tank located between Hmm.

47. a polishing vessel having a polishing vessel inlet and a polishing vessel outlet, the polishing vessel containing a plurality of resin beads; an inlet of the polishing vessel fluidly connected to an outlet of the settling tank; is located between the settling tank and the storage tank so as to be in fluid communication with the desalted fluid inlet.

47. The system of claim 46, further comprising a polishing container for placing the polishing material therein.

48. providing a fluid to be desalinated; removing at least a portion of the suspended solids in the fluid to be desalted by filtration. The degree, removing said at least some gas in said fluid to be desalted; After mixing the fluid treatment chemicals with the fluid to be desalted, the fluid to be desalted is transferring the mixture through the heating vessel; A heating vessel having a hollow interior, wherein a heating element is positioned within the hollow interior and extends across the hollow interior. a transfer pipe for transferring the liquid to the transfer tube, the transfer pipe having an inlet and an outlet, and being heated by a heater; The hollow interior is filled with a first fluid, and the transfer tube transfers the fluid to be desalted to the heating vessel. providing a heated vessel through which the mixture is transferred; filtering the fluid to be desalted so that molecules greater than 3 microns are removed; The fluid to be desalted is allowed to settle in a settling tank, and the precipitated molecules are allowed to separate out of solution. generating a salt fluid; collecting the desalted fluid in a storage tank; A method for desalination of a fluid, comprising:

49. 49. The method of claim 48, wherein the fluid treatment chemical is a phosphate.

50. 50. The method of claim 49, wherein the fluid treatment chemical is trisodium phosphate.

51. 49. The method of claim 48, wherein the fluid treatment chemical is a dispersant.

52. 52. The method of claim 51, wherein the fluid treatment chemical is an iron oxide dispersant.

53. The method further includes adding aluminum sulfate to the settling tank to precipitate phosphoric acid molecules. The method of any one of claims 48 to 52.

54. After polishing the fluid in the container with resin beads, the demineralized fluid in the storage tank is circulated.

54. The method of any one of claims 48 to 53, further comprising collecting.

55. Claims 48-54, further comprising treating the desalted fluid with UV to kill bacteria.

10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims.

56. Any of the compounds described and / or exemplified herein and / or claimed in the appended claims.

56. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 55, further comprising one or more of the features recited in any one of the claims. The system or method described.

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