Stacking block

Abstract

To provide a stacking block that can prevent as much as possible a recess part and a protrusion part of the block from breaking due to soil pressure from sediments and the like during the construction work and can also prevent as much as possible the contact parts of adjacent blocks from breaking even after the construction work.SOLUTION: A stacking block 2 constitutes a retaining wall. An upper face plate 19 has an upper face opening 22 formed thereon and becoming a frame shape. A stack-displacement-prevention protrusion part 26 is formed spanning from the edge of the upper face opening 22 up to both the right and left side edges of the upper face plate 19, that is, spanning through the entire width of the right frame and the left frame of the stacking upper face plate 19. Further, a lower face plate 20 also has a lower face opening 24 formed thereon and becoming a frame shape. A recess part 28, which is to engage with the aforesaid stack-displacement-prevention protrusion part 26 is formed spanning from the edge of the lower face opening 24 up to both the right and left side edges of the lower face plate 20, that is, spanning through the entire width of the right frame and the left frame of the lower face plate 20.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to masonry blocks that are stacked upward and placed side by side to form a retaining wall. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventionally, in order to protect slopes to prevent the collapse of natural ground, roads, rivers, and residential land development soil, a technique has been known for constructing concrete retaining walls for landslide prevention or earth retention purposes by lining up multiple concrete stacking blocks (each approximately 35 cm to 50 cm long) horizontally and stacking them vertically in multiple layers.

[0003] For example, the main body block of the concrete retaining wall disclosed in Patent Document 1 is composed of one connecting member that connects the front and rear members of the main body block. The foundation block for the retaining wall that supports this main body block is composed of opposing front and rear members, and two connecting members that connect these front and rear members.

[0004] The front and rear members of the foundation block have four protrusions on the top surface, and the front and rear members of the main block have four recesses on the bottom surface to fit into the protrusions.Furthermore, the main block also has four protrusions on its top surface, which fit into the recesses on the bottom surface of the main block stacked on top.

[0005] When connecting main blocks in the vertical direction, the upper surfaces of the front and rear materials of the foundation block contact the lower surfaces of the front and rear materials of the main block, and the convex parts of the foundation block fit into the concave parts of the main block, improving lateral slip resistance and ease of construction.Furthermore, between main blocks, the convex parts on the top surface of a main block fit into the concave parts on the underside of another main block stacked on top of this main block, improving lateral slip resistance and ease of construction.

[0006] In order to ensure the integrity of the foundation block and the foundation ground, and the integrity of the foundation block and the main block, filler concrete is poured, which becomes one continuous concrete mass after hardening, integrating the foundation block and the main block. The next main block to be installed above is also poured with filler concrete. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0007] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 6899057 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0008] The convex parts of the foundation blocks and main blocks described in Patent Document 1 are frustum-shaped and function as positioning blocks and to provide lateral sliding resistance. However, because they are circular in plan view, the blocks must bear earth pressure on the semicircular part on the soil side of the uneven part. In concrete retaining walls where blocks must be piled high, there is a risk that the uneven parts of the blocks will be damaged by earth pressure before the filling concrete hardens, causing the blocks to shift and fall off.

[0009] Furthermore, because the blocks are arranged in multiple rows horizontally and stacked vertically in multiple layers, the contact points between the blocks are weaker than other parts, and there was a risk that the contact points between the blocks would be damaged by earth pressure even after the fill concrete had hardened.

[0010] The present invention has been made in consideration of such problems, and aims to provide a building block that can prevent as much as possible the uneven parts of the block from being damaged by earth pressure from soil and sand during construction, and can also prevent as much as possible damage to the contact parts between the blocks after construction. [Means for solving the problem]

[0011] The stacking block of claim 1 of the present invention is a stacking block that forms a space inside using a front member, a rear member, left and right side members, a top member, and a bottom member, and is stacked upward and installed adjacently laterally to form a retaining wall, and is characterized by having an upper opening formed in the top member, anti-slip protrusions formed from the edge of the upper opening to both the left and right ends of the top member, and a lower opening formed in the bottom member, and anti-slip recesses formed from the edge of the lower opening to both the left and right ends of the bottom member, which engage with the anti-slip protrusions.

[0012] The stacking block of claim 2 of the present invention is characterized in that, in claim 1, it has a positioning convex portion formed between the edge of the upper opening and the rear end of the upper member, and a positioning concave portion formed between the edge of the lower opening and the rear end of the lower member, which engages with the positioning convex portion.

[0013] The stacking block of claim 3 of the present invention is characterized in that, in claim 1, it has upper and lower inclined portions that taper from the edges of the upper and lower openings toward the space, the upper and lower openings are connected to the space, and when stacking stacking blocks on top of each other, the lower openings of the stacked stacking blocks are connected to the upper opening, allowing filled concrete to pass through each of these openings.

[0014] The stacking block of claim 4 of the present invention is characterized in that, in claim 1, it has left and right side openings formed in the left and right side members, and left and right inclined portions that taper from the left and right side openings toward the space, and the left and right side openings are connected to the space, and when stacking blocks are installed adjacent to each other in the lateral direction, the side openings are connected to each other, allowing filled concrete to pass through each of these openings. [Effects of the Invention]

[0015] The stacking block of claim 1 of the present invention is a stacking block that forms a space inside using a plate-shaped front member, rear member, left and right side members, top member, and bottom member, and is stacked upward and installed adjacently laterally to form a retaining wall.

[0016] The upper surface member has a frame-like upper opening, and anti-slip projections are formed from the edges of the upper opening to both left and right ends of the upper surface member, i.e., across the entire width of the left and right frames of the upper surface member. The lower surface member also has a frame-like lower opening, and anti-slip recesses that fit into the anti-slip projections are formed from the edges of the lower opening to both left and right ends of the lower surface member, i.e., across the entire width of the left and right frames of the lower surface member.

[0017] In this way, anti-slip protrusions and recesses are provided across the entire width of the left and right frames of the upper and lower members, so that when the blocks are stacked during construction, even if soil pressure from earth and sand is applied, the wide anti-slip protrusions and recesses can withstand it, and damage to the anti-slip protrusions and recesses can be prevented as much as possible.

[0018] In addition, the stacking block of claim 2 of the present invention is the same as claim 1, and is equipped with a positioning convex portion formed between the edge of the upper opening and the rear end of the upper member, and a positioning concave portion formed between the edge of the lower opening and the rear end of the lower member, which engages with the positioning convex portion, thereby minimizing the risk of the block becoming misaligned.

[0019] The stacking block of claim 3 of the present invention is the same as claim 1, except that it has upper and lower inclined portions that taper from the edges of the upper and lower openings toward the space, and the upper and lower openings are connected to the space.When stacking stacking blocks on top of each other, the lower openings of the stacked stacking blocks are connected to the upper openings, allowing filled concrete to pass through each of these openings.

[0020] Therefore, when the contact surfaces between the blocks, i.e., the top opening of the top member of the stacking block and the bottom opening of the bottom member of the block stacked on top of it, face each other, the areas of the top and bottom openings are the largest. Therefore, after the filled concrete has hardened, these top and bottom openings become the widest, making it possible to prevent damage to the contact areas between the blocks as much as possible.

[0021] In addition, the upper inclined portion allows the filled concrete to be smoothly poured into the space from the top opening during pouring.

[0022] The stacking block of claim 4 of the present invention is the same as claim 1, and comprises left and right side openings formed in the left and right side members, and left and right inclined portions tapering from the left and right side openings toward the space, and the left and right side openings are connected to the space, so that when stacking blocks are installed adjacent to each other in the lateral direction, the side openings are connected to each other, allowing filled concrete to pass through each of these openings.

[0023] Therefore, when the contact surfaces between the blocks, i.e., the left side opening of the left side member of the building block, face the right side opening of the right side member of the block placed to the left of it, the area of ​​the left and right side openings is the largest. Therefore, after the filled concrete hardens, these left and right side openings become the widest, which makes it possible to minimize damage to the contact areas between the blocks. The same applies when the right side opening of the right side member of the building block faces the left side opening of the left side member of the block placed to the right of it.

[0024] In addition, the left and right inclined portions allow the filled concrete to be smoothly poured from the space into the left and right side openings of each building block during pouring. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0025] [Figure 1] Figure 1 is a perspective view of the masonry blocks and foundation blocks in construction. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the foundation block. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a front view of the foundation block. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a side view of the foundation block. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a plan view of the foundation block. [Figure 6] Figure 6 is a front view of the foundation block joint. [Figure 7]FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a building block. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a front view of the building block. [Figure 9] Figure 9 is a design drawing of the stacking blocks. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a side view of a building block. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional side view of a building block. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a plan view of the building block. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a rear view of the building block. [Figure 14] FIG. 14 is a front view of a building block provided with a drainage section. [Figure 15] FIG. 15 is a side view of a building block provided with a drainage section. [Figure 16] FIG. 16 is a rear view of a building block provided with a drainage section. [Figure 17] FIG. 17 is a side view of a building block showing a waterproof pipe installed in the drainage section. [Figure 18] FIG. 18 is a side view of a building block having a thin-walled portion at the drainage section. [Figure 19] FIG. 19 is a side view of the building block showing the state in which the decorative cover is attached to the drainage portion. [Figure 20] FIG. 20 is a perspective view showing the state in which a building block is placed on top of a foundation block. [Figure 21] FIG. 21 is a side view showing the state in which the building blocks are placed on the foundation blocks. [Figure 22] FIG. 22 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an outline of the stacking state of foundation blocks and building blocks. [Figure 23] FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional plan view showing an outline of adjacent building blocks. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0026] Figure 1 shows a concrete retaining wall for use in preventing landslides or retaining soil, using the concrete blocks of the present invention, which consists of a foundation block 1 installed at the bottom and stacking blocks 2 stacked on top of this foundation block 1. These foundation blocks 1 and stacking blocks 2 are shaped so that they can be placed on a flat surface without tipping over, and there is no need to balance them as with pallet blocks.

[0027] Concrete retaining walls used on artificial slopes such as embankments and cut slopes, as well as natural slopes, are generally used at gradients of around 3 to 5 minutes, but gradients outside this range of 1 minute or 30% can also be used. In this example, we will explain using a block with a 5-minute gradient. Regarding gradients, if the vertical height of a right-angled triangle is 1 and the horizontal distance is n, it is expressed as 1:n, with 1:2 being a 20% gradient and 1:0.5 being a 5-minute gradient. Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. [Example]

[0028] <Foundation Block> 1 to 6 shows a foundation block 1 that is installed at the bottom of the concrete retaining wall of the present invention and on which masonry blocks 2 are piled up. This foundation block 1 comprises a plate-shaped front member (hereinafter referred to as the foundation front plate) 3, a rear member (hereinafter referred to as the foundation rear plate) 4, left and right side members (hereinafter referred to as the foundation left and right side plates) 5, 6, and a top member (hereinafter referred to as the foundation top plate) 7, and a space 8 is formed inside the space surrounded by the foundation front plate 3, the foundation rear plate 4, the foundation left and right side plates 5, 6, and the foundation top plate 7. The bottom of this space 8 is open.

[0029] The foundation top plate 7 is frame-shaped with a top opening 9 formed therein, and the area of ​​this top opening 9 is large enough to allow the coarse aggregate (usually 20 mm to 40 mm in diameter) of the filled concrete (ready-mixed concrete) to pass through. The top opening 9 is connected to the space 8, and a foundation slope 10 is formed that tapers downward from the edge of the top opening 9, allowing the filled concrete to be smoothly introduced into the space 8. The top opening 9 is formed to have approximately the same shape and area as the top opening 22 and bottom opening 24 of the masonry block 2, which will be described later.

[0030] Furthermore, on the foundation top plate 7, foundation block slippage prevention convexities (hereinafter referred to as foundation slippage prevention convexities) 11 are provided from the edge of the top opening 9 to both the left and right ends of the foundation top plate 7, and foundation block positioning convexities (hereinafter referred to as foundation positioning convexities) 12 are provided between the edge of the top opening 9 and the rear end, and are intended to fit with the stacking blocks 2 described below. The foundation front plate 3, foundation rear plate 4, foundation left and right side plates 5, 6, foundation top plate 7, foundation slope 10, foundation slippage prevention convexities 11, and foundation positioning convexities 12 are integrally formed from concrete using a precast construction method.

[0031] Furthermore, by forming the left and right side panels 5, 6 of the foundation into a gate shape, left and right side penetrations 13, 14 are formed, and these left and right side penetrations 13, 14 also communicate with the space 8. Adjacent foundation blocks 1 are connected by attaching metal joints 35 shown in Figure 6 to the ends of the front panels 3 of the foundation.

[0032] When these adjacent foundation blocks 1 are installed, the left and right foundation side panels 5, 6 are positioned opposite each other, and the opening area of ​​the left and right side penetrations 13, 14 is large enough to allow filled concrete to pass through smoothly, just like the top opening 9 of the foundation top panel 7.Therefore, by passing through these left and right side penetrations 13, 14 and flowing into adjacent foundation blocks 1, the integrity of the foundation blocks 1 can be improved.

[0033] Since the space 8 and the left and right side penetrations 13, 14 of the foundation block 1 are open on the underside, the poured concrete can increase the cast-in-place concrete surface area on the underside of the foundation block 1, thereby increasing resistance to sliding.

[0034] The foundation block 1 for stacking blocks described above is a foundation block 1 for stacking blocks that forms a space 8 inside with plate-shaped foundation front panel 3, foundation rear panel 4, foundation left and right side panels 5 and 6, and foundation top panel 7, and is installed adjacent to each other in the lateral direction, and stacks stacking blocks 2 that form a retaining wall on top of the foundation top panel 7.

[0035] An upper opening 9 is formed in the foundation upper plate 7 to form a frame shape, and a base slippage prevention projection 11 is formed from the edge of this upper opening 9 to both left and right ends of the foundation upper plate 7, i.e., across the entire width of the left and right frames of the foundation upper plate 7. The base slippage prevention projection 11 fits into a stacking slippage prevention recess 28 formed in the stacking lower plate 20 of the stacking block 2 to be stacked on the foundation upper plate 7.

[0036] In this way, the foundation block 1 is provided with foundation slippage prevention protrusions 11 across the entire width of the left and right frames of the foundation top panel 7, which fit into stacking slippage prevention recesses 28 formed in the stacking bottom panel 20 of the stacking block 2 stacked on this foundation block 1.Therefore, when stacking the stacking blocks 2 during construction, the soil pressure of soil and sand can be supported by the wide foundation slippage prevention protrusions 11 formed on the foundation block 1 and the stacking slippage prevention recesses 28 formed on the stacking block 2, thereby minimizing damage to the foundation slippage prevention protrusions 11 and the stacking slippage prevention recesses 28.

[0037] In addition, the foundation block 1 for stacking blocks is equipped with a foundation positioning protrusion 12 formed between the edge and rear end of the upper opening 9 of the foundation upper panel 7, and a stacking positioning recess 29 formed between the edge and rear end of the lower opening 24 of the lower stacking panel 20 of the stacking block 2, which engages with the foundation positioning protrusion 12, thereby minimizing the risk of the stacking block 2 becoming misaligned.

[0038] Furthermore, the foundation block 1 for stacking blocks has an upper opening 9 that communicates with the space 8 formed by each of the members 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, and is equipped with a foundation slope 10 that tapers downward from the edge of the upper opening 9.When a stacking block 2 is stacked on top, the lower opening 24 of the stacked stacking block 2 communicates with the upper opening 9, allowing filled concrete to pass through the lower opening 24 of these stacking blocks 2 and the upper opening 9 of the foundation block 1.

[0039] For this reason, when the contact surfaces between the foundation and the masonry blocks 1 and 2, that is, the top opening 9 of the foundation top plate 7 of the foundation block 1 and the bottom opening 24 of the bottom plate 20 of the masonry block 2 stacked on top of it, face each other, the areas of the top opening 9 of the foundation block 1 and the bottom opening 24 of the masonry block 2 become the largest. Therefore, after the filled concrete has hardened, the top opening 9 of the foundation block 1 and the bottom opening 24 of the masonry block 2 become the widest, making it possible to prevent damage to the contact areas between the foundation and the masonry blocks 1 and 2 as much as possible.

[0040] In addition, the inclined foundation portion 10 allows the filled concrete to be smoothly poured into the space 8 from the top opening 9 during pouring.

[0041] Furthermore, the foundation block 1 for stacking blocks has left and right side penetrations 13, 14 formed by the gate-shaped left and right foundation side panels 5, 6, and these left and right side penetrations 13, 14 are connected to the space 8, so that when the foundation blocks 1 are installed adjacent to each other in the lateral direction, the left and right side penetrations 13, 14 are connected to each other, allowing filled concrete to pass through each of these left and right side penetrations 13, 14.

[0042] As a result, the contact surfaces of the foundation blocks 1, i.e., the left side surface penetration 13 of the left foundation panel 5 of the foundation block 1 and the right side surface penetration 14 of the right foundation panel 6 of the foundation block 1 installed to the left of it, face each other, and the filled concrete can be poured in, so that after the filled concrete hardens it becomes a single concrete mass, minimizing damage to the contact areas of the foundation blocks 1. The same applies when the right side surface penetration 14 of the right foundation panel 6 of the foundation block 1 faces the left side surface penetration 13 of the left foundation panel 5 of the foundation block 1 installed to the right of it.

[0043] Furthermore, since the left and right side foundation panels 5 and 6 are gate-shaped, the contact area between the filled concrete poured into the space 8 of the foundation block 1 and the left and right side penetrations 13 and 14 and the foundation ground is increased, which is expected to increase the resistance to sliding of the foundation block 1.

[0044] <Stacking blocks> Next, the building blocks 2 that are stacked on the foundation blocks 1 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. This masonry block 2 is a self-standing block, and a space 21 is formed inside the block surrounded by a plate-like front member (hereinafter referred to as the masonry front panel) 15, a rear member (hereinafter referred to as the masonry rear panel) 16, left and right side members (hereinafter referred to as the masonry left and right side panels) 17, 18, a top member (hereinafter referred to as the masonry top panel) 19, and a bottom member (hereinafter referred to as the masonry bottom panel) 20. Note that Fig. 9 shows an example of the pattern of the masonry block 2, namely a matte pattern, but the pattern is not limited to this and may be any pattern such as a rough surface, a frame pattern, a valley pattern, a stone-like pattern, or a slit pattern.

[0045] The pile top plate 19 is in the shape of a frame with an upper opening 22 formed therein, and the area of ​​this upper opening 22 is large enough to allow the coarse aggregate (usually 20 mm to 40 mm in diameter) of the filled concrete (ready mixed concrete) to pass through. The upper opening 22 is in communication with the space 21, and has an upper inclined portion 23 that tapers from the edge of the upper opening 22 toward the space 21, allowing the filled concrete to be introduced smoothly into the space 21.

[0046] The bottom piling panel 20 is frame-shaped with a bottom opening 24. The area of ​​the bottom opening 24, like the top opening 22, is large enough to allow the passage of coarse aggregate (usually 20 mm to 40 mm in diameter) of the fill concrete (ready-mixed concrete). The bottom opening 24 is connected to the space 21 and has a downwardly inclined portion 25 tapering from the edge of the bottom opening 24 toward the space 21. That is, the downwardly inclined portion 25 is formed so that the bottom opening 24 expands from the space 21 toward the bottom opening 24. Therefore, the fill concrete introduced into the space 21 can be smoothly guided to the foundation block 1 or another building block 2 installed below the building block 2. As mentioned above, the top opening 22 and the bottom opening 24 are formed to have approximately the same shape and area as the top opening 9 of the foundation block 1.

[0047] In addition, on the stacking top panel 19, stacking block slippage prevention protrusions (hereinafter referred to as stacking slippage prevention protrusions) 26 are provided from the edge of the top opening 22 to both left and right ends of the stacking top panel 19, and stacking block positioning protrusions (hereinafter referred to as stacking positioning protrusions) 27 are provided between the edge of the top opening 22 and the rear end.

[0048] Furthermore, the stacking bottom panel 20 has a stacking block slippage prevention recess (hereinafter referred to as the stacking slippage prevention recess) 28 that fits into the stacking slippage prevention protrusion 26 from the edge of the bottom opening 24 to both left and right ends of the stacking bottom panel 20, and a stacking block positioning recess (hereinafter referred to as the stacking positioning recess) 29 that fits into the stacking positioning protrusion 27 between the edge of the bottom opening 24 and the rear end.

[0049] Furthermore, the left and right side panels 17, 18 of the masonry block 2 are formed with left and right side openings 30, 31 in a frame shape, and the area of ​​these left and right side openings 30, 31 is large enough to allow the coarse aggregate of the filled concrete to pass through. Also, left and right inclined portions 32, 33 are provided that taper from the left and right side openings 30, 31 toward the space 21, connecting the left and right side openings 30, 31 to the space 21. That is, the left and right inclined portions 32, 33 are formed so that they expand from the space 21 toward the left and right side openings 30, 31. Therefore, the filled concrete introduced into the space 21 can be smoothly guided to other masonry blocks 2 installed on the left and right sides of the masonry block 2.

[0050] These front stacking panel 15, rear stacking panel 16, left and right stacking side panels 17, 18, top stacking panel 19, bottom stacking panel 20, upper inclined portion 23, lower inclined portion 25, stacking slippage prevention convex portion 26, stacking positioning convex portion 27, stacking slippage prevention recess 28, stacking positioning recess 29, and left and right inclined portions 32, 33 are integrally formed from concrete using a precast construction method.

[0051] In this way, the top opening 22, bottom opening 24, and left and right side openings 30, 31 of the masonry block 2 communicate with the space 21, and filled concrete can pass through these openings 22, 24, 30, 31. Therefore, when another masonry block 2 is placed on top of another masonry block 2, the top opening 22 of the lower masonry block 2 and the bottom opening 24 of the upper masonry block 2 face each other and communicate with each other, so filled concrete can be introduced between the upper and lower masonry blocks 2.

[0052] As shown in Figures 20 to 22, the top opening 22 of the lower building block 2 and the bottom opening 24 of the upper building block 2 have a larger area than the space 21, and the concrete surface area at the contact points between the upper and lower building blocks 2 increases.Therefore, after the filled concrete has hardened, damage to the contact points between the building blocks 2 can be prevented as much as possible.

[0053] The same is true when placing stacking block 2 on foundation block 1; the top opening 9 of the lower foundation block 1 has a larger area than the space 8, and the bottom opening 24 of the upper stacking block 2 also has a larger area than the space 21, so the concrete surface area at the contact point between foundation block 1 and stacking block 2 increases, and after the filled concrete has hardened, damage to the contact points between foundation block 1 and stacking block 2 can be prevented as much as possible.

[0054] Even when another building block 2 is installed next to the building block 2, the left and right side openings 30, 31 are positioned opposite to each other and communicate with each other, so that the filled concrete can be introduced between the left and right building blocks 2.

[0055] As shown in Figure 23, the left and right side openings 30, 31 located opposite each other on the left and right stacking blocks 2 have a larger area than the space 21, and the concrete surface area at the contact points between the left and right stacking blocks 2 increases. Therefore, after the filled concrete has hardened, damage to the contact points between the stacking blocks 2 can be prevented as much as possible.

[0056] <Stacking blocks with drainage holes> Next, the building block 2 provided with the drainage section 34 will be described in detail with reference to Figures 14 to 19. The basic structure is the same as the building block 2 described above, so only the differences will be described. Retaining walls need to be provided with drains that can effectively drain rainwater, groundwater, etc. from the back soil. For this reason, in this embodiment, the right ends of the front and rear stacking panels 15 and 16 of the masonry block 2 are cut out to form a front panel drain 34A and a rear panel drain 34B. The location of the drain 34 is not limited to the right end, and it can be located above, below, left, or right.

[0057] Then, waterproof pipes 36 made of a water-resistant material, such as vinyl chloride, are inserted into the back soil at these drainage sections 34A, 34B, and these waterproof pipes 36 are fixed to the drainage sections 34 with fixing members such as mortar, adhesive tape, or wire. Here, in order to quickly drain the seepage water from the back soil, the rear plate drainage section 34B is positioned higher than the front plate drainage section 34A so that the waterproof pipe 36 that spans these drainage sections 34A, 34B has a gradient of about 2.5% (preferably within a range of 1 to 5%).

[0058] Conventional products do not have pre-drilled drainage holes, and some products simply use a knockout method, in which a thin-walled section 37 is provided in the area corresponding to the drainage section 34A of the front plate of the masonry block 2, as shown in Figure 18. With the knockout method, the thin-walled section 37 is opened at the construction site by hitting it with a hammer or similar tool, but it often does not open as expected, and the impact of the hammering often damages the product itself. This requires measures such as cutting the concrete with a concrete cutter at the construction site, which increases unnecessary work and reduces overall construction efficiency.

[0059] In contrast, the masonry block 2 of this invention has corners created by the front and rear stacking panels 15, 16, and the top and bottom stacking panels 19, 20. The left and right side members formed integrally with these corners are stronger than the edges of conventional products, and even if the drainage sections 34 were pre-cut, the blocks could be delivered to the site without chipping or cracking at the edges during storage or transport before shipping. By providing masonry blocks with pre-drilled holes in the drainage sections 34, it is possible to significantly improve the workability of on-site construction.

[0060] 19, a drainage section 34 may be provided on the building block 2, and for building blocks 2 that do not require drainage, a separately prepared decorative lid 38 may be attached to this drainage section 34 (front panel drainage section 34A). This decorative lid 38 may be made of concrete, or may be made of resin with a surface that looks like concrete.

[0061] In this case, one type of concrete block 2 and the required number of decorative lids 38 that are lighter and smaller than the concrete block 2 are prepared, and the decorative lids 38 can be fitted and shipped, or they can be attached to concrete blocks 2 that do not require drainage on-site. However, this description does not exclude knock-out methods that emphasize efficiency on the manufacturing side, or blocks without drainage sections.

[0062] <Construction of foundation blocks and stacking blocks> <Place foundation blocks next to each other> The construction of the foundation block 1 and the masonry block 2 will be explained below with reference to the drawings. First, since the concrete retaining wall using this invention is used on artificial or natural slopes, a trench is dug at the bottom of the slope to install the foundation blocks 1. Using a crane or similar, the required number of foundation blocks 1 are placed in this trench facing each other so that the left and right side panels 5, 6 of the foundation are in contact with each other, and adjacent foundation blocks 1 are fixed together with joints 35 to prevent misalignment.

[0063] In this state, filler concrete is poured from the top opening 9 of the foundation block 1 so that it spreads throughout the space 8 and the left and right side penetrations 13, 14. At this time, the foundation slope 10, which tapers from the top opening 9 toward the space 8, allows the filler concrete to be smoothly introduced into the space 8.

[0064] This pouring is done to the extent that the left and right side penetrations 13, 14 are filled, that is, to a height of about half to two-thirds of the space 8, leaving the top of the space 8 open. In this way, the filled concrete passes through the left and right side penetrations 13, 14 and flows into adjacent foundation blocks 1, thereby improving the unity of the foundation blocks 1.

[0065] Furthermore, since the space 8 and the left and right side penetrations 13, 14 of the foundation block 1 are open on the underside, the poured concrete can increase the cast-in-place concrete surface area on the underside of the foundation block 1, thereby increasing resistance to sliding.

[0066] <Place stacking blocks on top of the foundation blocks> Then, once the required number of foundation blocks 1 have been placed, stacking blocks 2 are placed on top of these foundation blocks 1. As mentioned above, the foundation upper plate 7 of the foundation block 1 is provided with the foundation slippage prevention protrusion 11, which fits into the stacking slippage prevention recess 28 formed in the stacking lower plate 20 of the stacking block 2 to withstand earth pressure from the backside, such as soil and sand. In addition, the foundation positioning protrusion 12 of the foundation upper plate 7 fits into the stacking positioning recess 29 of the stacking lower plate 20, thereby minimizing displacement of the installation position.

[0067] After placing the masonry block 2 on the foundation block 1 in this way, filler concrete is poured from the top opening 22 of the masonry block 2 to about half to two-thirds of the height of the space 21. At this time, an upwardly inclined portion 23 is provided from the top opening 22 toward the space 21, so the filler concrete can be smoothly introduced into the space 21. The concrete then flows from the space 21 of the masonry block 2 to the bottom opening 24, and is introduced into the space 8 via the top opening 9 of the foundation block 1.

[0068] Here, the bottom opening 24 of the masonry block 2 and the top opening 9 of the foundation block 1 are formed to be approximately the same shape and area, and because the masonry block 2 has a lower slope 25 and the foundation block 1 has a foundation slope 10, the top opening 9 of the lower foundation block 1 has a larger area than the space 8, and the bottom opening 24 of the upper masonry block 2 also has a larger area than the space 21. As a result, the concrete surface at the contact point between the foundation block 1 and the masonry block 2 increases, and after the filled concrete has hardened, damage to the contact points between the foundation block 1 and the masonry block 2 can be prevented as much as possible.

[0069] <Placing stacking blocks next to each other> After placing a stacking block 2 on one foundation block 1, another stacking block 2 is placed adjacent to it. In this state, fill concrete is poured from the top opening 22 of the masonry block 2 so that it spreads throughout the space 21 and the left and right side openings 30, 31. At this time, the formation of an upper inclined portion 23 that tapers from the top opening 22 toward the space 21 allows the fill concrete to be smoothly introduced into the space 21. The fill concrete then flows from the space 21 into the left and right side openings 30, 31 and into the adjacent masonry block 2.

[0070] This pouring is done up to about half to two-thirds the height of the left and right side openings 30, 31 and space 21, leaving the top of space 21 open. In this way, the filled concrete passes through the left and right side openings 30, 31 and flows into adjacent masonry blocks 2, thereby improving the unity of the masonry blocks 2.

[0071] Furthermore, the left and right side openings 30, 31 of the masonry block 2 are formed to have approximately the same shape and area, and because the masonry block 2 is provided with left and right inclined portions 32, 33, the left and right side openings 30, 31 have a larger area than the space 21. This increases the concrete surface area where the masonry blocks 2 come into contact with each other, and after the filled concrete has hardened, damage to the contact areas between these masonry blocks 2 can be prevented as much as possible.

[0072] <Placing stacking blocks on top of stacking blocks> Furthermore, another building block 2 is placed on top of the building block 2. As mentioned above, the upper stacking face plate 19 of the stacking block 2 is provided with a stacking slippage prevention protrusion 26, which fits into a stacking slippage prevention recess 28 formed in the lower stacking face plate 20 of the stacking block 2 placed on top, and can withstand earth pressure from the backside, such as soil and sand. In addition, the stacking positioning protrusion 27 of the upper stacking face plate 19 fits into the stacking positioning recess 29 of the lower stacking face plate 20, thereby minimizing displacement of the installation position.

[0073] After placing another masonry block 2 on top of the masonry block 2 in this way, filler concrete is poured from the top opening 22 of the upper masonry block 2 to about half to two-thirds of the height of the space 21. At this time, an upward inclined portion 23 is provided from the top opening 22 toward the space 21, so the filler concrete can be smoothly introduced into the space 21. After that, it flows from the space 21 of the masonry block 2 to the bottom opening 24, and is introduced into the space 21 via the top opening 22 of the masonry block 2 located below.

[0074] Here, the bottom opening 24 and top opening 22 of the building blocks 2 are formed to have approximately the same shape and area, and because the building blocks 2 are provided with upper and lower inclined portions 23, 25, the top opening 22 of the lower building block 2 has a larger area than the space 21, and the bottom opening 24 of the upper building block 2 also has a larger area than the space 21. As a result, the concrete surface area at the contact points between the upper and lower building blocks 2 increases, and after the filled concrete has hardened, damage to the contact points between these building blocks 2 can be prevented as much as possible.

[0075] As described above in detail, the stacking block 2 of claim 1 of the present invention is a stacking block 2 that forms a space 21 inside with a plate-shaped stacking front panel 15, stacking rear panel 16, stacking left and right side panels 17, 18, stacking top panel 19, and stacking bottom panel 20, and is stacked upward and installed adjacent to each other laterally to form a retaining wall.

[0076] The upper stacking panel 19 is formed with a frame-like upper opening 22, and stacking slippage prevention protrusions 26 are formed from the edges of this upper opening 22 to both left and right ends of the upper stacking panel 19, i.e., across the entire width of the left and right frames of the upper stacking panel 19. The lower stacking panel 20 is also formed with a frame-like lower opening 24, and stacking slippage prevention recesses 28 that fit into the stacking slippage prevention protrusions 26 are formed from the edges of this lower opening 24 to both left and right ends of the lower stacking panel 20, i.e., across the entire width of the left and right frames of the lower stacking panel 20.

[0077] In this way, since stacking slippage prevention convex portions 26 and stacking slippage prevention concave portions 28 are provided across the entire width of the left and right frames of the upper stacking panel 19 and the lower stacking panel 20, even if soil pressure from earth and sand is applied when stacking the stacking blocks 2 during construction, it can be received by the wide stacking slippage prevention convex portions 26 and stacking slippage prevention concave portions 28, and damage to the stacking slippage prevention convex portions 26 and stacking slippage prevention concave portions 28 can be prevented as much as possible.

[0078] In addition, the stacking block 2 of claim 2 of the present invention is the same as claim 1, except that it is equipped with a stacking positioning protrusion 27 formed between the edge of the upper opening 22 of the upper stacking panel 19 and the rear end, and a stacking positioning recess 29 formed between the edge of the lower opening 24 of the lower stacking panel 20 and the rear end, which engages with the stacking positioning protrusion 27, thereby minimizing the risk of the stacking block 2 becoming misaligned.

[0079] Furthermore, the stacking block 2 of claim 3 of the present invention is, in claim 1, provided with upper and lower inclined portions 23, 25 that taper from the edges of the upper opening 22 and the lower opening 24 toward the space 21, and the upper opening 22 and the lower opening 24 are connected to the space 21, and when a stacking block 2 is stacked on top of it, the lower opening 24 of the stacked stacking block 2 is connected to the upper opening 22, making it possible for filled concrete to pass through these upper openings 22 and lower openings 24.

[0080] For this reason, when the contact surfaces of the masonry blocks 2 face each other, that is, the upper opening 22 of the upper stacking plate 19 of the masonry block 2 faces the lower opening 24 of the lower stacking plate 20 of the masonry block 2 above it, the areas of the upper opening 22 and the lower opening 24 become the largest. Therefore, after the filled concrete has hardened, these upper opening 22 and lower opening 24 become the widest, making it possible to prevent damage to the contact areas between these blocks 2 as much as possible.

[0081] In addition, the upper inclined portion 23 allows the filled concrete to be smoothly poured into the space 21 from the upper opening 22 during pouring.

[0082] The stacking block 2 of claim 4 of the present invention is, in claim 1, provided with left and right side openings 30, 31 formed in the left and right stacking side panels 17, 18, and left and right inclined portions 32, 33 tapering from the left and right side openings 30, 31 toward the space 21, and the left and right side openings 30, 31 are connected to the space 21, so that when stacking blocks 2 are installed adjacent to each other in the lateral direction, the left and right side openings 30, 31 are connected to each other, allowing filled concrete to pass through each of these left and right side openings 30, 31.

[0083] For this reason, when the contact surfaces of the building blocks 2 face each other, i.e., when the left side opening 30 of the left stacking side panel 17 of one building block 2 faces the right side opening 31 of the right stacking side panel 18 of the building block 2 installed to the left of that building block 2, the area of ​​the left and right side openings 30, 31 is the largest. Therefore, after the filled concrete has hardened, these left and right side openings 30, 31 become the widest, which makes it possible to prevent damage to the contact areas between these blocks 2 as much as possible. The same applies when the right side opening 31 of the right stacking side panel 18 of one building block 2 faces the left side opening 30 of the left stacking side panel 17 of the building block 2 installed to the right of that building block 2.

[0084] Furthermore, the left and right inclined portions 32, 33 allow the filled concrete to be smoothly poured from the space 21 into the left and right side openings 30, 31 of each building block 2 during pouring. [Explanation of symbols]

[0085] 1 foundation block 2. Stacking Blocks 3 Foundation front plate 4 Foundation rear plate 5 Foundation left side plate 6 Foundation right side plate 7 Foundation top plate 8 Space 9 Top opening 10 Foundation slope 11 Base anti-slip protrusion 12 Base positioning protrusion 13 Left side penetration 14 Right side penetration 15 Stacking front panel 16 Rear stacking plate 17 Left side panel of stacking 18 Stacked right side plate 19 Stacked top plate 20 Stacking bottom plate 21 Space 22 Top opening 23 Upper slope 24 Bottom opening 25 Downward slope 26 Stacking stopper protrusion 27 Stacking positioning protrusion 28 Stacking stop recess 29 Stacking positioning recess 30 Left side opening 31 Right side opening 32 Left slope 33 Right slope 34 Water drain 34A Front panel drain 34B Rear panel drain 35 joints 36 Water-resistant pipe 37 Thin-walled section 38 Cosmetic lid

Claims

1. A space is formed inside by the front member, rear member, left and right side members, top member, and bottom member, Blocks that are stacked upward and placed adjacent to each other laterally to form a retaining wall, an upper surface opening formed in the upper surface member; anti-slip projections formed from the edge of the top opening to both left and right ends of the top member; a lower surface opening formed in the lower surface member; This stacking block is characterized by having anti-slip recesses formed from the edge of the lower opening to both left and right ends of the lower member, which fit into the anti-slip protrusions.

2. a positioning protrusion formed between the edge of the top opening of the top member and the rear end thereof; 2. The building block according to claim 1, further comprising a positioning recess formed between the edge of the lower opening and the rear end of the lower member, the positioning recess fitting with the positioning protrusion.

3. A stacking block as described in claim 1, characterized in that it has upper and lower inclined portions that taper from the edges of the upper opening and lower opening toward the space, the upper opening and lower opening are connected to the space, and when a stacking block is stacked on top of it, the lower opening of the stacked stacking block and the upper opening are connected, allowing filled concrete to pass through each of these openings.

4. A stacking block as described in claim 1, characterized in that it has left and right side openings formed in the left and right side members, and left and right inclined portions that taper from the left and right side openings toward the space, the left and right side openings are connected to the space, and when stacking blocks are installed adjacent to each other in the lateral direction, the side openings are connected to each other, allowing filled concrete to pass through each of these openings.

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