Laminated structure, nozzle for constructing laminated structure, and method for constructing laminated structure

Abstract

To provide a laminated structure which has high integrity and reinforcing strength by adhesion to a material, can be deformed, and can be efficiently constructed in a short time.SOLUTION: In a laminated structure 1 in which a material is stacked in a plurality of layers, a layer 20 has a first layer 21 and a second layer 22 stacked on the first layer 21, and includes a first reinforcing bar 11 laid across the first layer 21 and the second layer 22, and a second reinforcing bar 12 fixed in a direction crossing the first reinforcing bar 11, and diameters of the first reinforcing bar 11 and the second reinforcing bar 12 are 3 mm or more and 6 mm or less.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a layered structure formed by stacking materials in multiple layers using a three-dimensional modeling device, a nozzle for constructing a layered structure, and a method for constructing a layered structure. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, structures made by layering materials using 3D printing devices have become known in the construction industry both in Japan and overseas. The layered structures formed by 3D printing devices mainly use cement-based hardening materials such as mortar. The hardening material is mixed in a mixer, then continuously pumped and supplied to various 3D printing devices such as robot arm-type or gantry-type devices. The 3D printing device ejects the hardening material from a nozzle or the like. The nozzle moves in a single stroke to build the layered structure.

[0003] Layered structures formed using 3D printing equipment can be constructed without formwork, and are expected to have significant advantages over conventional concrete construction in terms of labor savings, design freedom, and safety.

[0004] However, because layered structures made using 3D printing equipment are constructed by layering hardening materials, the layers are often discontinuous and not completely integrated, like cold joints, resulting in weaker strength and greater variation compared to concrete structures that are poured in one piece.

[0005] Furthermore, since the tensile strength of cement-based hardening materials is lower than the compressive strength, the laminate does not have sufficient strength against tension or bending unless continuous reinforcing materials such as reinforcing bars are embedded within the layers. Short fibers have also been mixed into cement-based hardening materials as a tensile reinforcement material, but as with ordinary concrete structures, the reinforcing efficiency of short fibers is not necessarily rational compared to reinforcing bars, and it is preferable to use deformed reinforcing bars in terms of strength and adhesion.

[0006] Therefore, conventionally, techniques have been disclosed that use reinforcing materials such as steel bars to increase the strength of laminated structures (see Patent Documents 1 and 2). The technique described in Patent Document 1 improves the bond strength between layers by periodically embedding a single strand having a periodic pattern in adjacent concrete layers, with two strands embedded in each layer that are shared by the two layers above and below. The technique described in Patent Document 2 improves the strength of each layer by embedding a flexible, continuous reinforcing material such as wire within the layer. In particular, the reinforcing material used is limited to thin wires or resin ribbons with a twisted diameter of approximately 2 mm or less in order to ensure flexibility. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0007] [Patent Document 1] International Publication No. 2019 / 092169 [Patent Document 2] International Publication No. 2021 / 175579 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0008] In wall-like structures such as houses, it is preferable to use main reinforcing bars in the vertical direction and distribution reinforcing bars that cross the main reinforcing bars for the purpose of distributing stress, etc. as reinforcing members, but the technology described in Patent Document 1 does not have distribution reinforcing bars. Also, the technology described in Patent Document 2 uses wire as a reinforcing material, but wire is inferior to deformed reinforcing bars in strength as a reinforcing material and in adhesive properties with materials such as mortar, so it is not suitable as a material for reinforcing walls of houses, etc.

[0009] The present invention aims to provide a laminated structure, a nozzle for constructing a laminated structure, and a method for constructing a laminated structure that, compared to conventional techniques, has high integrity and reinforcing strength due to adhesion to materials, is deformable, and can be constructed efficiently in a short period of time. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] The laminated structure according to the present invention comprises: In a laminated structure in which materials are stacked in multiple layers using a 3D modeling device, The layers include at least a first layer and a second layer stacked on the first layer, a first reinforcing bar laid across the first layer and the second layer; A second reinforcing bar fixed in a direction intersecting the first reinforcing bar; Equipped with It is characterized by: [Effects of the Invention]

[0011] Such a laminated structure has high integrity and reinforcing strength due to adhesion with the material, and is also deformable, allowing it to be constructed efficiently in a short time. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0012] [Figure 1] 1 shows a first example of a laminated structure 1 according to a first embodiment. [Figure 2] 1 shows an example of a state in which the reinforcing bar 10 of the first example is deformed. [Figure 3] An example of a straightening machine 3 used when constructing the laminated structure 1 of this embodiment is shown. [Figure 4] An example of a method for constructing the layered structure 1 of the first example of the first embodiment will be shown. [Figure 5] An example of a nozzle 2 used when constructing the first example of the layered structure 1 by the method shown in FIG. 4 is shown. [Figure 6] An example of the state of the nozzle 2 and the reinforcing bar 10 when constructing the layered structure 1 is shown. [Figure 7] Another example of the method for constructing the layered structure 1 of the first example of the first embodiment will be shown. [Figure 8] 2 shows a second example of the laminated structure 1 of the first embodiment. [Figure 9] An example of a method for constructing the layered structure 1 of the second example of the first embodiment will be shown. [Figure 10]An example of a method for constructing the layered structure 1 of the second example of the first embodiment will be shown. [Figure 11] Another example of the method for constructing the layered structure 1 of the second example of the first embodiment will be described. [Figure 12] Another example of the method for constructing the layered structure 1 of the second example of the first embodiment will be described. [Figure 13] 10 shows a third example of the laminated structure 1 of the first embodiment. [Figure 14] 10 shows a fourth example of the laminated structure 1 of the first embodiment. [Figure 15] An example of a method for constructing the layered structure 1 of the fourth example of the first embodiment will be shown. [Figure 16] 10 shows an example of a state during construction of a layered structure 1 according to a fourth example of the first embodiment. [Figure 17] 10 shows a fifth example of the laminated structure 1 of the first embodiment. [Figure 18] 10 shows a sixth example of the laminated structure 1 of the first embodiment. [Figure 19] An example of a method for processing the reinforcing bar 10 of the sixth example of the first embodiment will be described. [Figure 20] 10 shows a seventh example of the laminated structure 1 of the first embodiment. [Figure 21] 10 shows an eighth example of the laminated structure 1 of the first embodiment. [Figure 22] 10 shows a reinforcing bar 10 of an eighth example of the laminated structure 1 of the first embodiment. [Figure 23] 10 shows an example of a nozzle 2 used when constructing a layered structure 1 according to an eighth example of the first embodiment. [Figure 24] 1 shows a first example of a laminated structure 1 according to a second embodiment. [Figure 25] An example of a method for constructing the layered structure 1 of the first example of the second embodiment will be shown. [Figure 26] 10 shows a second example of the laminated structure 1 of the second embodiment. [Figure 27] An example of a method for constructing the layered structure 1 of the second example of the second embodiment will be shown. [Figure 28] 10 shows a third example of the laminated structure 1 of the second embodiment. [Figure 29]10 shows a fourth example of the laminated structure 1 of the second embodiment. [Figure 30] An example of a method for constructing the layered structure 1 of the fourth example of the second embodiment will be described. [Figure 31] 10 shows a fifth example of the laminated structure 1 of the second embodiment. [Figure 32] 10 shows a sixth example of the laminated structure 1 of the second embodiment. [Figure 33] 10 shows a seventh example of the laminated structure 1 of the second embodiment. [Figure 34] 10 shows an eighth example of the laminated structure 1 of the second embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0013] Hereinafter, an embodiment for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The scope necessary for the explanation to achieve the object of the present invention will be schematically shown, and the scope necessary for explaining the relevant parts of the present invention will be mainly explained, and the parts that are omitted from the explanation will be based on publicly known techniques.

[0014] The layered structure 1 of this embodiment is created by stacking materials using a three-dimensional modeling device or the like. The material used to form the layered structure 1 is mainly a cement-based hardening material such as mortar. The hardening material is mixed in a mixer, then continuously pumped and supplied to various three-dimensional modeling devices such as a robot arm type or a gantry type. The three-dimensional modeling device ejects the hardening material from a nozzle or the like. The nozzle 2 moves in a single stroke to build the layered structure 1.

[0015] In the laminated structure 1 of this embodiment, second reinforcing bars 12 are installed as distribution reinforcing bars in a substantially horizontal direction. The laminated structure 1 of the first embodiment shows a form in which distribution reinforcing bars are installed within a layer. The laminated structure 1 of the second embodiment shows a form in which distribution reinforcing bars are installed between layers. The second reinforcing bars 12 as distribution reinforcing bars are preferably installed in a substantially horizontal direction, but in the first embodiment they only need to be installed within a layer, and in the second embodiment they do not need to be installed in a substantially horizontal direction as long as they are installed between layers.

[0016] (Laminated structure 1 of a first example of the first embodiment) FIG. 1 shows a first example of a laminated structure 1 according to the first embodiment.

[0017] The laminated structure 1 of the first embodiment is formed by stacking materials into a plurality of layers 20. The layers 20 have at least a first layer 21 and a second layer 22 stacked on the first layer 21, and are provided with first reinforcing bars 11 arranged across the plurality of layers 20, and second reinforcing bars 12 as distribution reinforcing bars fixed in a direction intersecting the first reinforcing bars 11. The second reinforcing bars 12 of the first embodiment are arranged by being embedded in a layer that represents the interior of the layer 20. The reinforcing bars 10 are formed by fixing the first reinforcing bars 11 to the second reinforcing bars 12 at predetermined intervals by welding or the like.

[0018] In this way, the reinforcing strength of the laminated structure 1 of the first embodiment can be increased by arranging the second reinforcing bars 12 in addition to the first reinforcing bars 11. Furthermore, since the second reinforcing bars 12 are arranged in layers, the laminated structure 1 of the first embodiment has good durability and can increase the reinforcing strength.

[0019] Figure 2 shows an example of the deformed state of the reinforcing bar 10 of the first example. Figure 2(a) shows the case where the second reinforcing bar 12 is bent within the plane where the first reinforcing bar 11 exists. Figure 2(b) shows the case where the surface where the first reinforcing bar 11 exists is bent into a curved surface.

[0020] The reinforcing bar 10 of the first example is composed of a serpentine first reinforcing bar 11 and a second reinforcing bar 12 fixed to the first reinforcing bar 11 by welding or the like. By forming the first reinforcing bar 11 in a serpentine shape, the shear strength between layers can be improved. Furthermore, the first reinforcing bars 11 in the upper and lower layers form a lap joint, and the entire structure can function as a tensile rope in the vertical direction. The pitch of the serpentine of the first reinforcing bar 11 and the curvature of the U-shaped portion may be changed depending on the amount of first reinforcing bars 11 required from design calculations, the height of the layer 20, etc.

[0021] In the laminated structure 1 of this embodiment, the U-shaped portion of the first reinforcing bar 11 may be a part of a circular arc or an ellipse. In the case of an ellipse, the ratio of the width to the height of the curved portion is preferably 1:2. In the case of such an ellipse, the stress gradually increases from the start point of the bending process to around 60 degrees, and the value of the bearing stress acting on the material, such as mortar, from the first reinforcing bar 11 to the apex of the ellipse is almost constant.

[0022] The shape of the reinforcing bar 10 can be changed to fit the laminated structure 1. The first reinforcing bar 11 and the second reinforcing bar 12 are fixed by spot welding. For example, as shown in FIG. 2(a), the second reinforcing bar 12 can be easily bent within the plane where the first reinforcing bar 11 exists, which increases the degree of freedom in design. Also, as shown in FIG. 2(b), the plane where the first reinforcing bar 11 exists can be bent into a curved surface, which increases the degree of freedom in design.

[0023] When reinforcing bars 10 are installed within a material, voids are likely to form around them, potentially weakening their bond to the material. Therefore, the diameter of reinforcing bars 10 is preferably D4 or D5, which is smaller than typical diameters and is approximately 3 mm to 6 mm. The diameter of reinforcing bars 10 is particularly preferably D4, which is a smaller diameter not typically used in housing, such as 3 mm to 5 mm. Using reinforcing bars 10 with a small diameter can reduce voids around the material, increasing the integrity and reinforcing strength of the bond to the material. Furthermore, using reinforcing bars 10 with a small diameter allows for deformation of reinforcing bars 10, enabling efficient construction in a short time and enabling them to accommodate complex shapes, such as curved surfaces, thereby increasing the design freedom of the laminated structure 1.

[0024] Generally, in shear walls, the rebar cover (the distance from the surface of the material, such as mortar, to the surface of the rebar) must be at least 30 mm to ensure durability and fire resistance. Meanwhile, the width of the material layer created by 3D printing equipment ranges from several tens of millimeters to approximately 100 mm. For example, in the case of two layers of lattice rebar, if the wall is 80 mm thick, to ensure a 30 mm cover on both sides, D4 rebar is preferred (provided the outer diameter of the D4 rebar is approximately 4.5 mm) because the condition is 30 mm + outer diameter of the rebar × 4 + 30 mm ≦ 100 mm. Similarly, for a wall 100 mm thick, D5 rebar is preferred (provided the outer diameter of the D5 rebar is approximately 5.5 mm) because the condition is 30 mm + outer diameter of the rebar × 4 + 30 mm ≦ 100 mm. In addition, the effective height (the distance from the mortar surface on the compression side to the center of the tensile main rebar) of the two inner layers of main rebars can be increased as the diameter of the rebar is smaller, so it is preferable to use small diameter rebars in thin walls constructed using such three-dimensional modeling.

[0025] Furthermore, the anchorage length of rebar depends on the strength of materials such as mortar, but is generally about 30 times the diameter of the rebar. For D4 rebar, this is about 120 mm, whereas the thickness of the mortar layer created by 3D printing equipment is about several tens to 100 mm. To anchor the ends of straight rebar into the mortar through the anchorage length or to form lap joints, the rebar must penetrate the upper and lower layers, but for D4 or D5 rebar, it is sufficient to penetrate two or at most three layers. The cement-based hardening materials used in 3D printing equipment harden in a few minutes to a few tens of minutes, making penetration into lower layers more difficult as time passes. Therefore, the thinner the rebar diameter and the shorter the penetration length, the greater the flexibility in quality and manufacturability.

[0026] As described above, the diameter of the reinforcing bars in this embodiment is preferably 3 mm or more and 6 mm or less. Furthermore, a diameter of 4 mm or more and 5 mm or less is more desirable, and deformed wire rods are preferred over round steel or wire to ensure adhesive strength with mortar. Therefore, small-diameter D4 or D5 reinforcing bars specified in JIS-G3112 "Steel bars for concrete reinforcement" or deformed steel wires specified in JIS-G3551 "Welded wire mesh and reinforcing bar grids" with a diameter of 4 mm or more and 5 mm or less are preferred.

[0027] 1 has a first layer 21, a second layer 22 stacked on the first layer 21, a third layer 23 stacked on the second layer 22, and a fourth layer 24 stacked on the third layer 23. The reinforcing bars 10 have first-layer reinforcing bars 110 arranged from the first layer 21 to the third layer 23, and second-layer reinforcing bars 120 arranged from the second layer 22 to the fourth layer 24.

[0028] The first-layer reinforcing bars 110 include a first-layer first reinforcing bar 111 and a first-layer second reinforcing bar 112 that is fixed in a direction intersecting the first-layer first reinforcing bar 111. The second-layer reinforcing bars 120 include a second-layer first reinforcing bar 121 and a second-layer second reinforcing bar 122 that is fixed in a direction intersecting the second-layer first reinforcing bar 121. The first-layer second reinforcing bar 112 is arranged in the second layer 22. The second-layer second reinforcing bar 122 is arranged in the third layer 23.

[0029] In the first example of the laminated structure 1, the first reinforcing bars 11 are formed in a serpentine shape. By forming the first reinforcing bars 11 in a serpentine shape in this way, the anchoring strength of the first reinforcing bars 11 in one layer 20 is increased, and the length over which the first reinforcing bars 11 are embedded in one layer 20 can be shortened. Before installation, the reinforcing bars 10 are preferably wound in a spiral shape so that the diameter of the second reinforcing bars 12 gradually changes in a plane perpendicular to the straight portions of the first reinforcing bars 11, as shown in FIG. 2(b), and then bent back using a straightening machine or the like to fit the desired wall shape before installation.

[0030] FIG. 3 shows an example of a straightening machine 3 used when constructing the laminated structure 1 of this embodiment.

[0031] The reinforcing bars 10 are generally wound to a diameter of about 500 mm for ease of transportation, storage, and workability. Steel wire rods with a diameter of a few millimeters are wound to this diameter and unwound when in use. Because the reinforcing bars 10 undergo plastic working when wound, it is preferable to bend them back to fit the desired wall shape using a straightening machine before unwinding them, although this is not necessary for flexible, thin-diameter reinforcing members such as the wires described in Patent Document 2.

[0032] The straightening machine 3 of this embodiment has a straightening machine main body 31, a shaft member 32 that protrudes from the straightening machine main body 31 and can be rotated by a motor or the like (not shown), and a plurality of rollers 33 that rotate together with the shaft member 32 at the tip of the shaft member 32, and flattens the wound reinforcing bar 10. In this embodiment, the second reinforcing bar 12 is passed between the plurality of rollers 33 to bend it back into a straight line or to conform to the desired wall shape, and the entire reinforcing bar 10 is flattened or conformed to the desired wall shape. In this way, by using the straightening machine 3, the laminated structure 1 can be constructed in a shorter time.

[0033] FIG. 4 shows an example of a method for constructing the layered structure 1 of the first example of the first embodiment.

[0034] In the first example of the laminated structure 1, first, as shown in FIG. 4(a), a first-layer rebar laying step is carried out to lay the first-layer rebar 110. The first-layer rebar 110 is supported by auxiliary members (not shown) and laid in a floating state. Next, as shown in FIG. 4(b), a first-layer formation step is carried out to form the first layer 21. After the first layer 21 is formed, it is preferable to bury the auxiliary members supporting the first-layer rebar 110 together with the rebar 10 or to remove only the auxiliary members.

[0035] Next, as shown in FIG. 4(c), a second-tier reinforcing bar laying process is performed to lay the second-tier reinforcing bars 120. The second-tier reinforcing bars 120 are supported by auxiliary members (not shown) and laid in a floating state. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 4(d), a second-tier formation process is performed to form a second layer 22 stacked on the first layer 21 so as to include the areas below the first-tier second reinforcing bars 112 and the second-tier first reinforcing bars 121. After the second layer 22 is formed, it is preferable to bury the auxiliary members supporting the second-tier reinforcing bars 120 together with the second-tier reinforcing bars 120 or remove only the auxiliary members.

[0036] Next, as shown in Fig. 4(e), a third layer forming process is performed to form a third layer 23 that is stacked on the second layer 22 so as to include above the first layer first reinforcing bars 111 and the second layer second reinforcing bars 122. Subsequently, as shown in Fig. 4(f), a third layer forming process is performed to form a third layer 23 that is stacked on the second layer 22 so as to include above the second layer first reinforcing bars 11.

[0037] When the laminated structure 1 is formed in three layers, the second layer 22 and the third layer 23 may be formed without laying the second layer reinforcing bar 120 shown in Fig. 4(c). In other words, when constructing an n-layer laminated structure 1, the n-1th layer and the nth layer may be formed without laying the n-1th layer reinforcing bar 10, where n is a positive integer.

[0038] According to the method for constructing the layered structure 1 of the first example of the first embodiment, the layered structure 1 can be constructed efficiently in a short time.

[0039] FIG. 5 shows an example of the nozzle 2 used when constructing the first example of the laminated structure 1 by the method shown in FIG.

[0040] As shown in Fig. 5, the nozzle 2 used when constructing the first example laminated structure 1 by the method shown in Fig. 4 has an injection section 2a through which the material is fed, a distribution section 2b that branches into two from the injection section 2a, a slit 2c that defines the space between the distribution sections 2b, and two discharge sections 2d from the tip of the distribution section 2b through which the material is discharged from the left and right. By using such a nozzle 2 for constructing a laminated structure, the laminated structure 1 can be constructed efficiently in a short time.

[0041] The material is injected through injection section 2a and splits into two flow sections 2b. The material that flows through flow section 2b is then ejected from ejection sections 2d at the respective tips. The ejected material forms layer 20 as nozzle 2 moves. Note that it is preferable to form flow section 2b of nozzle 2 so that its cross-sectional area decreases toward ejection section 2d, as this applies pressure to the material and causes it to be ejected forcefully from ejection section 2d.

[0042] As shown in FIG. 4, when a first reinforcing bar 11 is embedded in the first layer 21, the nozzle 2 moves across the first reinforcing bar 11. Therefore, a slit 2c is formed to allow the first reinforcing bar 11 to pass through. The width of the slit 2c, which is the distance between two discharge ports 2d, is larger than the diameter of the first reinforcing bar 11 so that the first reinforcing bar 11 can pass through. The depth of the slit 2c can be adjusted to match the dimensions of the reinforcing bar 10 to be passed through. For example, in the method shown in FIG. 4, the depth of the slit 2c only needs to be 1.5 layers. The width and depth of the slit 2c may be adjustable. Note that when the top of the first reinforcing bar 11 is exposed from the layer 20, it is preferable to vibrate the reinforcing bar 10 or the discharged material from the nozzle 2 or the like to strengthen the adhesion between the material and the reinforcing bar 10.

[0043] FIG. 6 shows an example of the state of the nozzle 2 and the reinforcing bar 10 when the layered structure 1 is constructed.

[0044] As shown in Fig. 6, when constructing the laminated structure 1, the nozzle 2 moves over the first reinforcing bar 11 and the second reinforcing bar 12. The nozzle 2 ejects material from above from the two ejection portions 2d, sandwiching the first reinforcing bar 11, while moving so that the first reinforcing bar 11 passes through the slit 2c between the two ejection portions 2d. The ejected material gathers together below the nozzle 2 to form a layer 20.

[0045] In this way, by using a nozzle 2 that preliminarily separates the material into two parts and then discharges it, it is possible to prevent the material from entering the slit 2c and hardening. If the top of the first reinforcing bar 11 is exposed from the layer 20, it is preferable to vibrate the reinforcing bar 10 or the discharged material from the nozzle 2 or the like to strengthen the adhesion between the material and the reinforcing bar 10.

[0046] FIG. 7 shows another example of the method for constructing the layered structure 1 of the first example of the first embodiment.

[0047] In another example shown in Fig. 7, first, as shown in Fig. 7(a), a first layer forming process is carried out to form a first layer 21. Next, as shown in Fig. 7(b), a first layer rebar laying process is carried out to lay a first layer rebar 110. The first layer rebar 110 penetrates into the first layer 21, which is in a soft state before hardening. In the first layer rebar laying process, it is preferable that the first layer rebar only penetrates below the first layer first rebar 111, and that the first layer second rebar 112 is not penetrated.

[0048] Next, as shown in FIG. 7(c), a second layer forming process is performed to form a second layer 22 stacked on the first layer 21 so as to include the first-layer second reinforcing bars 112. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 7(d), a second-layer reinforcing bar laying process is performed to lay the second-layer reinforcing bars 120. The second-layer reinforcing bars 120 penetrate into the second layer 22, which is in a soft state before hardening. In the second-layer reinforcing bar laying process, it is preferable that the reinforcing bars only penetrate below the second-layer first reinforcing bars 121, and not penetrate the second-layer second reinforcing bars 122.

[0049] Next, as shown in Fig. 7(e), a third layer forming process is performed to form a third layer 23 that is stacked on the second layer 22 so as to include the second-tier second reinforcing bars 122. Subsequently, as shown in Fig. 7(f), a third layer forming process is performed to form a third layer 23 that is stacked on the second layer 22 so as to include the top of the second-tier first reinforcing bars 121.

[0050] When the laminated structure 1 is formed in three layers, the third layer 23 can be formed without laying the second layer reinforcing bar 120 shown in Fig. 7(d). In other words, when constructing an n-layer laminated structure 1, the n-th layer can be formed without laying the (n-1)th layer reinforcing bar 10, where n is a positive integer.

[0051] According to the method for constructing the layered structure 1 of the first example of the first embodiment, the layered structure 1 can be constructed efficiently in a short time.

[0052] (Laminated structure 1 of second example of first embodiment) FIG. 8 shows a second example of the laminated structure 1 of the first embodiment.

[0053] 8 includes a first layer 21, a second layer 22 stacked on the first layer 21, a third layer 23 stacked on the second layer 22, a fourth layer 24 stacked on the third layer 23, a fifth layer 25 stacked on the fourth layer 24, a sixth layer 26 stacked on the fifth layer 25, and a seventh layer 27 stacked on the sixth layer 26. The reinforcing bars 10 include first-layer reinforcing bars 110 arranged from the first layer 21 to the fifth layer 25, and second-layer reinforcing bars 120 arranged from the third layer 23 to the seventh layer 27.

[0054] The first-layer reinforcing bars 110 include a first-layer first reinforcing bar 111 and a first-layer second reinforcing bar 112 that is fixed in a direction intersecting the first-layer first reinforcing bar 111. The second-layer reinforcing bars 120 include a second-layer first reinforcing bar 121 and a second-layer second reinforcing bar 122 that is fixed in a direction intersecting the second-layer first reinforcing bar 121. The first-layer second reinforcing bar 112 is arranged in the third layer 23. The second-layer second reinforcing bar 122 is arranged in the fifth layer 25.

[0055] In this way, the laminated structure 1 of the second example of the first embodiment can increase the reinforcing strength by arranging the second reinforcing bars 12 in addition to the first reinforcing bars 11. Furthermore, the laminated structure 1 of the first embodiment has good durability and can increase the reinforcing strength because the second reinforcing bars 12 are arranged in layers. Furthermore, the number of layers 20 can be increased, which increases the degree of freedom in design.

[0056] 9 and 10 show an example of a method for constructing the layered structure 1 of the second example of the first embodiment.

[0057] In the second example of the laminated structure 1, first, as shown in FIG. 9(a), a first-layer rebar laying process is performed to lay the first-layer rebar 110. The first-layer rebar 110 is supported by auxiliary members (not shown) and laid in a floating state. Next, as shown in FIG. 9(b), a first-layer formation process is performed to form the first layer 21. Next, as shown in FIG. 9(c), a second-layer formation process is performed to form the second layer 22. After forming the first layer 21 or the second layer 22, it is preferable to bury the auxiliary members supporting the first-layer rebar 110 together with the first-layer rebar 110 or to remove only the auxiliary members.

[0058] Next, as shown in FIG. 9(d), a second-tier reinforcing bar laying process is performed to lay the second-tier reinforcing bars 120. The second-tier reinforcing bars 120 are supported by auxiliary members (not shown) and laid in a floating state. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 9(e), a third-tier formation process is performed to form a third layer 23 stacked on the second layer 22 so as to include the first-tier second reinforcing bars 112. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 9(f), a fourth-tier formation process is performed to form a fourth layer 24. After forming the third layer 23 or the fourth layer 24, it is preferable to bury the auxiliary members supporting the second-tier reinforcing bars 120 together with the second-tier reinforcing bars 120 or to remove only the auxiliary members.

[0059] Next, as shown in Fig. 10(a), a fifth layer forming process is performed to form a fifth layer 25 that is stacked on the fourth layer 24 so as to include the second-tier second reinforcing bars 122. Subsequently, as shown in Fig. 10(b), a sixth layer forming process is performed to form a sixth layer 26. Subsequently, as shown in Fig. 10(c), a seventh layer forming process is performed to form a seventh layer 27.

[0060] When forming a five-layer laminated structure 1, the third layer 23, the fourth layer 24, and the fifth layer 25 may be formed without laying the second-layer reinforcing bar 120 shown in Fig. 9(d). In other words, when constructing an n-layer laminated structure 1, the (n-1)th / 2nd layer reinforcing bar 10 may not be laid, and the (n-2), (n-1), and (n)th layers may be formed, where n is a positive integer.

[0061] According to the method for constructing the multilayer structure 1 of the first embodiment, the multilayer structure 1 can be constructed efficiently in a short time.

[0062] 11 and 12 show another example of the method for constructing the layered structure 1 of the second example of the first embodiment.

[0063] 11 and 12, first, as shown in Fig. 11(a), a first layer forming step is performed to form a first layer 21. Then, as shown in Fig. 11(b), a second layer forming step is performed to form a second layer 22.

[0064] 11(c), a first-tier rebar laying process is carried out to lay the first-tier rebar 110. The first-tier rebar 110 penetrates the first layer 21 and the second layer 22, which are in a soft state before hardening. In the first-tier rebar laying process, it is preferable to only penetrate below the first-tier first rebar 111, and not penetrate the first-tier second rebar 112.

[0065] Next, as shown in Fig. 11(d), a third layer forming process is performed to form a third layer 23 stacked on the second layer 22 so as to include the first-stage second reinforcing bars 112. Subsequently, as shown in Fig. 11(e), a fourth layer forming process is performed to form a fourth layer 24.

[0066] 11(f), a second-tier rebar laying process is carried out to lay the second-tier rebars 120. The second-tier rebars 120 penetrate into the third layer 23 and the fourth layer 24, which are in a soft state before hardening. In the second-tier rebar laying process, it is preferable that the second-tier rebars only penetrate below the second-tier first rebars 121, and not penetrate the second-tier second rebars 122.

[0067] Next, as shown in Fig. 12(a), a fifth layer forming process is performed to form a fifth layer 25 that is stacked on the fourth layer 24 so as to include the second-tier second reinforcing bars 122. Subsequently, as shown in Fig. 12(b), a sixth layer forming process is performed to form a sixth layer 26 that is stacked on the fifth layer 25 so as to include the upper parts of the second-tier first reinforcing bars 11. Subsequently, as shown in Fig. 12(c), a seventh layer forming process is performed to form a seventh layer 27 that is stacked on the sixth layer 26 so as to include the upper parts of the second-tier first reinforcing bars 11.

[0068] When the laminated structure 1 is formed in three layers, the second layer 22 and the third layer 23 may be formed without laying the second layer reinforcing bar 120 shown in Fig. 11(f). In other words, when constructing an n-layer laminated structure 1, the n-th layer may be formed without laying the (n-1)th layer reinforcing bar 10, where n is a positive integer.

[0069] When forming a five-layer laminated structure 1, the fifth layer 25 can be formed without laying the second-layer reinforcing bar 120 shown in Fig. 11(f). In other words, when constructing an n-layer laminated structure 1, the (n-2), (n-1) and (n) layers can be formed without laying the (n-1) / 2nd layer reinforcing bar 10, where n is a positive integer.

[0070] According to the method for constructing the multilayer structure 1 of the first embodiment, the multilayer structure 1 can be constructed efficiently in a short time.

[0071] (Laminated structure 1 of a third example of the first embodiment) FIG. 13 shows a third example of the laminated structure 1 of the first embodiment.

[0072] 13 has a first layer 21, a second layer 22 stacked on the first layer 21, a third layer 23 stacked on the second layer 22, and a fourth layer 24 stacked on the third layer 23. The reinforcing bars 10 have first-layer reinforcing bars 110 arranged from the first layer 21 to the third layer 23, and second-layer reinforcing bars 120 arranged from the second layer 22 to the fourth layer 24.

[0073] The first-tier reinforcing bars 110 include a first-tier first reinforcing bar 111 and two first-tier second reinforcing bars 112 secured to intersect at the U-shaped portion of the first-tier first reinforcing bar 111. The second-tier reinforcing bars 120 include a second-tier first reinforcing bar 121 and two second-tier second reinforcing bars 122 secured to intersect at the U-shaped portion of the second-tier first reinforcing bar 121. The second reinforcing bars 12 are preferably arranged to pass through the loops of the first reinforcing bars 11 and spot welded. The first-tier second reinforcing bars 112 are arranged in the second layer 22. The second-tier second reinforcing bars 122 are arranged in the third layer 23.

[0074] In the laminated structure 1 of the third example, the first reinforcing bars 11 are formed in a serpentine shape. By forming the first reinforcing bars 11 in a serpentine shape in this way, the adhesive strength of the first reinforcing bars 11 in each layer 20 is increased compared to when the first reinforcing bars 11 are formed in a straight line, and the length over which the first reinforcing bars 11 are embedded in each layer 20 can be shortened. Furthermore, by increasing the number of second reinforcing bars 12 without changing the construction process, the strength of the laminated structure 1 can be further increased. Before installation, the reinforcing bars 10 are preferably wound in a spiral shape so that the diameter of the second reinforcing bars 12 gradually changes in a plane perpendicular to the straight portions of the first reinforcing bars 11, as shown in FIG. 2(b), and then bent back to fit the desired wall shape using a straightening machine 3 or the like shown in FIG. 3 before installation.

[0075] (Laminated structure 1 of a fourth example of the first embodiment) FIG. 14 shows a fourth example of the laminated structure 1 of the first embodiment.

[0076] The laminated structure 1 of the fourth example of the first embodiment has a first layer 21, a second layer 22 stacked on the first layer 21, and a third layer 23 stacked on the second layer 22. The reinforcing bars 10 have first-stage reinforcing bars 110 arranged in the first layer 21 and the second layer 22, and second-stage reinforcing bars 120 arranged in the second layer 22 and the third layer 23.

[0077] The first-tier reinforcing bars 110 include a first-tier first reinforcing bar 111 and a first-tier second reinforcing bar 112 as a distribution reinforcing bar fixed in a direction intersecting the first-tier first reinforcing bar 111. The first-tier second reinforcing bar 112 is arranged in the second layer 22. The second-tier second reinforcing bar 122 is arranged in the third layer 23. In this way, the reinforcing strength of the laminated structure 1 can be increased by arranging the first-tier second reinforcing bar 112 in addition to the first-tier first reinforcing bar 111.

[0078] FIG. 15 shows an example of a method for constructing the layered structure 1 of the fourth example of the first embodiment.

[0079] The laminated structure 1 of the fourth example is constructed by forming a layer 20 and then inserting a first reinforcing bar 11 into the layer 20 before the material hardens. In the example shown in FIG. 15 , first, a first layer formation process is performed to form the first layer 21. Next, a first layer reinforcing bar penetration process is performed to penetrate the first layer 21 below the first layer first reinforcing bar 111 of the first layer reinforcing bars 110, which include a first layer first reinforcing bar 111 and a first layer second reinforcing bar 112 fixed in a direction intersecting the first layer first reinforcing bar 111. Next, a second layer formation process is performed to form a second layer 22 stacked on the first layer 21 so as to include the area above the first layer first reinforcing bar 111. If the second layer 22 is to be formed, the process ends with the second layer formation process.

[0080] If another layer 20 is to be formed subsequently, a second-tier rebar penetration process is carried out on the second layer 22, in which the second-tier rebars 120, which include the second-tier first rebar 121 and the second-tier second rebar 122 fixed in a direction intersecting the second-tier first rebar 121, are penetrated below the second-tier first rebar 121 into the second layer 22. Next, a third-layer formation process is carried out, in which a third layer 23 is formed on the second layer 22 so as to include the area above the second-tier first rebar 121. If the third layer 23 is to be formed, the process ends with the third-layer formation process.

[0081] FIG. 16 shows an example of a state during construction of the layered structure 1 of the fourth example of the first embodiment.

[0082] 16, in the laminated structure 1 of the fourth example of the first embodiment, the reinforcing bars 10 can be laid and then immediately penetrated into the layer 20. Therefore, the laminated structure 1 can be constructed efficiently in a short time.

[0083] In the laminated structure 1 formed by such a method for constructing the laminated structure 1, the first reinforcing bars 11 are arranged vertically at predetermined intervals in the first layer 21 and the second layer 22, and the second reinforcing bars 12 are arranged along each layer in the first layer 21 and the second layer 22. It is preferable that the first reinforcing bars 11 are installed vertically and the second reinforcing bars 12 are installed horizontally, but a slight error of about 10° may be allowed.

[0084] The reinforcing bar 10 of the fourth example is formed by fastening the first reinforcing bar 11 to the second reinforcing bar 12 at a predetermined interval by welding or the like. Before laying the reinforcing bar 10, it is preferable to position the first reinforcing bar 11 in the radial direction, wind the second reinforcing bar 12 into a coil with a constant diameter, and then bend it back to fit the desired wall shape using a straightening machine 3 or the like shown in Figure 3 before laying it. Alternatively, the second reinforcing bar 12 may be wound into a spiral shape with a variable diameter, and the first reinforcing bar 11 may be positioned in the direction of the central axis of the spiral.

[0085] The laminated structure 1 of the fourth example may be constructed by first placing the reinforcing bars 10 and then forming the layers 20, as shown in Fig. 4. Alternatively, the number of layers 20 may be increased, as shown in Fig. 8. In this case, the laminated structure 1 may be constructed by either the construction method shown in Figs. 9 and 10 or the construction method shown in Figs. 11 and 12.

[0086] (Laminated structure 1 of a fifth example of the first embodiment) FIG. 17 shows a fifth example of the laminated structure 1 of the first embodiment.

[0087] The laminated structure 1 of the fifth example includes a first reinforcing bar 11 formed in a U-shape and a second reinforcing bar 12 fixed so as to intersect the U-shaped portion of the first reinforcing bar 11. The second reinforcing bar 12 is preferably arranged to pass through the loop of the first reinforcing bar 11 and spot welded. By forming the first reinforcing bar 11 in a U-shape and arranging the second reinforcing bar 12 inside the U-shaped loop in this way, the bearing stress acting on the mortar due to the tensile force of the first reinforcing bar 11 is also distributed to the second reinforcing bar 12, thereby strengthening the anchorage of the U-shaped portion of the first reinforcing bar 11.

[0088] The lower straight end of the first reinforcing bar 11 is fixed to the mortar by its adhesion length, and is mechanically continuous with the fixing of the U-shaped portion of the lower layer, thereby becoming a continuous reinforcing bar in the vertical direction of the wall. For this purpose, the lower end of the first reinforcing bar 11 does not need to be located in the center of the U-shape of the lower layer, but it is preferable that it at least extend downward beyond the U-shape.

[0089] (Laminated structure 1 of a sixth example of the first embodiment) Fig. 18 shows a sixth example of the laminated structure 1 of the first embodiment. Fig. 19 shows an example of a method for processing the reinforcing bar 10 of the sixth example.

[0090] In the sixth example of the laminated structure 1, the first reinforcing bar 11 is formed in a U-shape. The first reinforcing bar 11 and the second reinforcing bar 12 are fixed by welding or the like. In the sixth example, the second reinforcing bar 12 is fixed by welding or the like so that it crosses the approximately middle of the straight portion of the first reinforcing bar 11. By forming the first reinforcing bar 11 in a U-shape in this way, the anchoring strength of the first reinforcing bar 11 in one layer 20 is increased, and the length over which the first reinforcing bar 11 is embedded in one layer 20 can be shortened.

[0091] As shown in Figure 19, the U-shaped first reinforcing bar 11 of the sixth example can be formed by fixing a second reinforcing bar 12 between the U-shaped portion of the originally serpentine first reinforcing bar 11 and the middle C of the straight portion by welding or the like, and then cutting the middle C of the first reinforcing bar 11.

[0092] (Laminated structure 1 of seventh example of first embodiment) FIG. 20 shows a seventh example of the laminated structure 1 of the first embodiment.

[0093] The seventh example of the laminated structure 1 is an example in which the first reinforcing bar 11 of the fifth example shown in Figure 17 is placed upside down. The first reinforcing bar 11 and the second reinforcing bar 12 are fixed by welding or the like. In the seventh example, the second reinforcing bar 12 is fixed by welding or the like so that it crosses near the end of the straight portion of the first reinforcing bar 11. In this way, the upper end of the first reinforcing bar 11 forms a lattice with the second reinforcing bar 12, and the lower end of the first reinforcing bar 11 forms a U-shape, thereby increasing the fixing strength of each and shortening the length of the first reinforcing bar 11 embedded in one layer 20.

[0094] The U-shaped first reinforcing bar 11 in the seventh example can be formed by fixing the second reinforcing bar 12 by welding or the like to both sides of the originally serpentine first reinforcing bar 11, slightly away from the middle C, and cutting the middle C of the first reinforcing bar 11, similar to the processing method shown in Figure 19.

[0095] (Laminated structure 1 of eighth example of first embodiment) Fig. 21 shows an eighth example of the laminated structure 1 of the first embodiment. Fig. 21(a) shows a view of the laminated structure 1 of the eighth example as seen from the longitudinal direction L. Fig. 21(b) shows a view of the laminated structure 1 of the eighth example as seen from the width direction W. Note that in practice, the reinforcing bars 10 are arranged within the layers 20. Fig. 22 shows the reinforcing bars 10 of the eighth example of the laminated structure 1 of the first embodiment.

[0096] The eighth example of the laminated structure 1 uses a spiral-shaped first reinforcing bar 11 as shown in FIG. 22 . Second reinforcing bars 12 are arranged as distribution reinforcing bars on both sides of the layer 20 in the width direction W, which is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L. Multiple second reinforcing bars 12 are arranged overlapping each other to form a so-called lap joint in the longitudinal direction, with both or one side of the second reinforcing bars 12 being discontinuous. When only one side is discontinuous, the other side may be secured by spot welding at all intersections between the second reinforcing bars 12 and the first reinforcing bars 11, as in the examples of the first embodiment. By setting the length of the overlapping portion to a lap joint length determined by the strength of the reinforcing bars 20 and their materials, the same reinforcing effect as a continuous reinforcing bar 20 can be achieved. Each second reinforcing bar 12 is secured to the first reinforcing bar 11 by welding or other means. Preferably, each discontinuous second reinforcing bar 12 is secured to a single point near the center.

[0097] In this way, by using the spiral first reinforcing bars 11, strength in the width direction W can be added, and the strength can be increased. In addition, by arranging multiple second reinforcing bars 12 so that they overlap at one fastening point, strength is maintained, and by fastening the second reinforcing bars 12 at at least one side to one point, the reinforcing bars 10 can be deformed as a whole even if they are three-dimensional. Therefore, it is possible to accommodate complex shapes such as curved surfaces, and the degree of freedom in designing the laminated structure 1 can be increased.

[0098] Figure 23 shows an example of the nozzle 2 used when constructing the layered structure 1 of the eighth example. Figure 23(a) shows the structure of the nozzle 2. Figure 23(b) shows the nozzle 2 during construction of the layered structure 1.

[0099] When using a first reinforcing bar 11 having a length in the width direction W, such as a spiral shape, as in the laminated structure 1 of the eighth example, a nozzle 2 such as that shown in FIG. 23 is used. The nozzle 2 has an injection section 2a through which the material is fed, a distribution section 2b that branches off from the injection section 2a, a slit 2c that defines the space between the distribution sections 2b, two discharge sections 2d that face each other at the tips of the distribution section 2b and discharge the material, an upper cover 2e that protrudes from the upper ends of the two discharge sections 2d so as to approach each of the discharge sections 2d, and a lower cover 2f that protrudes downward from the lower ends of the two discharge sections 2d. Using this nozzle 2 for constructing laminated structures allows the laminated structure 1 to be constructed efficiently in a short amount of time.

[0100] The material is injected through the injection section 2a and splits into two flow sections 2b. The material that flows through the flow sections 2b is then ejected from the ejection sections 2d at the tip of each section. The ejected material is restricted from above by the upper cover 2e and from below by the lower cover 2f, forming a rectangular parallelepiped. As the nozzle 2 moves, the material forms a layer 20.

[0101] As shown in Figure 23(b), when a first reinforcing bar 11 is embedded in the first layer 21, the nozzle 2 moves across the first reinforcing bar 11. Therefore, a slit 2c is formed to allow the first reinforcing bar 11 to pass through. Note that when the top of the first reinforcing bar 11 is exposed from the layer 20, it is preferable to vibrate the reinforcing bar 10 or the discharged material from the nozzle 2 or the like to strengthen the adhesion between the material and the reinforcing bar 10.

[0102] It is preferable to form the flow section 2b of the nozzle 2 so that its cross-sectional area decreases toward the discharge section 2d, as this applies pressure to the material and causes it to be forcefully discharged from the discharge section 2d. However, if the vertical dimension of the discharge section 2d is smaller than the dimension of the layer 20, the material will bulge upward. Therefore, it is preferable to provide an upper cover 2e on the discharge section 2d to prevent the material from bulging. Furthermore, when the layer 20 is formed, pressure is applied to the material of the lower layer, which may cause deformation of the lower layer. Therefore, it is preferable to provide a lower cover 2f on the discharge section 2d to prevent deformation of the lower layer. Thus, by providing the upper cover 2e and lower cover 2f, the nozzle 2 shown in FIG. 22 can prevent material leakage and properly form the layer 20.

[0103] The laminated structures 1 of the third to eighth examples of the first embodiment may be constructed by first arranging the reinforcing bars 10 and then forming the layers 20, as shown in FIG. 4. The laminated structures 1 of the third example and the fifth to eighth examples may be constructed by first forming the layers 20 and then inserting the reinforcing bars 10, as in the fourth example shown in FIG. 15. Furthermore, the laminated structures 1 of the third to eighth examples of the first embodiment may have a greater number of layers 20 relative to the number of reinforcing bars 10, as in the second example shown in FIG. 8. When the number of layers 20 is increased, the structures may be constructed by either the construction method shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 or the construction method shown in FIGS. 11 and 12.

[0104] (Laminated structure 1 of a first example of the second embodiment) FIG. 24 shows a first example of the laminated structure 1 of the second embodiment.

[0105] The laminated structure 1 of the second embodiment is formed by stacking materials into a plurality of layers 20. The layers 20 have at least a first layer 21 and a second layer 22 stacked on the first layer 21, and are provided with first reinforcing bars 11 arranged across the plurality of layers 20, and second reinforcing bars 12 as distribution reinforcing bars fixed in a direction intersecting the first reinforcing bars 11. The second reinforcing bars 12 of the first embodiment are arranged between layers 20. The reinforcing bars 10 are formed by fixing the first reinforcing bars 11 to the second reinforcing bars 12 at predetermined intervals by welding or the like.

[0106] In this way, the reinforcing strength of the laminated structure 1 of the second embodiment can be increased by placing the second reinforcing bars 12 in addition to the first reinforcing bars 11. Furthermore, the laminated structure 1 of the first embodiment can be constructed in a short time because the second reinforcing bars 12 are placed between layers.

[0107] 24 has a first layer 21, a second layer 22 stacked on the first layer 21, and a third layer 23 stacked on the second layer 22. The reinforcing bars 10 have first-layer reinforcing bars 110 arranged across the first layer 21 and the second layer 22, and second-layer reinforcing bars 120 arranged across the second layer 22 and the third layer 23.

[0108] The first-layer reinforcing bars 110 include a first-layer first reinforcing bar 111 and a first-layer second reinforcing bar 112 that is fixed in a direction intersecting the first-layer first reinforcing bar 111. The second-layer reinforcing bars 120 include a second-layer first reinforcing bar 121 and a second-layer second reinforcing bar 122 that is fixed in a direction intersecting the second-layer first reinforcing bar 121. The first-layer second reinforcing bar 112 is placed between the first layer 21 and the second layer 22. The second-layer second reinforcing bar 122 is placed between the second layer 22 and the third layer 23.

[0109] In the first example of the laminated structure 1, the first reinforcing bars 11 are formed in a serpentine shape. By forming the first reinforcing bars 11 in a serpentine shape in this way, the adhesive strength of the first reinforcing bars 11 in one layer 20 is increased, and the length over which the first reinforcing bars 11 are embedded in one layer 20 can be shortened. Before installation, the reinforcing bars 10 are wound in a spiral shape so that the diameter of the second reinforcing bars 12 gradually changes in a plane perpendicular to the straight portions of the first reinforcing bars 11, as shown in FIG. 2(b), and are then bent back to fit the desired wall shape using a straightening machine 3 or the like shown in FIG. 3 before installation.

[0110] FIG. 25 shows an example of a method for constructing the layered structure 1 of the first example of the second embodiment.

[0111] In the first example of the laminated structure 1, first, as shown in FIG. 25(a), a first-layer rebar laying process is carried out to lay the first-layer rebar 110. The first-layer rebar 110 is supported by auxiliary members (not shown) and laid in a floating state. Next, as shown in FIG. 25(b), a first-layer formation process is carried out to form the first layer 21. The first layer 21 is formed up to the first-layer second rebar 112. After the first layer 21 is formed, it is preferable to bury the auxiliary members supporting the first-layer rebar 110 together with the rebar 10 or to remove only the auxiliary members. The nozzle 2 used may be the one shown in FIG. 5.

[0112] Next, as shown in Figure 25(c), a second-tier reinforcing bar laying process is performed to lay the second-tier reinforcing bars 120. The second-tier reinforcing bars 120 are supported by auxiliary members (not shown) and laid in a floating state. Subsequently, as shown in Figure 25(d), a second-tier formation process is performed to form a second layer 22 that includes the first-tier reinforcing bars 110 and is stacked on the first layer 21 up to the second-tier second reinforcing bars 122. After the second layer 22 is formed, it is preferable to bury the auxiliary members that supported the second-tier reinforcing bars 120 together with the second-tier reinforcing bars 120 or remove only the auxiliary members.

[0113] Next, as shown in FIG. 25(e), a third layer forming step is carried out to form a third layer 23 that is stacked on the second layer 22 so as to include the second-layer reinforcing bars 120.

[0114] When the laminated structure 1 is formed in two layers, the second layer 22 can be formed without laying the second layer reinforcing bar 120 shown in Fig. 25(c). In other words, when constructing an n-layer laminated structure 1, the n-th layer can be formed without laying the n-th layer reinforcing bar 10, where n is a positive integer.

[0115] According to the method for constructing the multilayer structure 1 of the second embodiment, the multilayer structure 1 can be constructed efficiently in a short time.

[0116] (Laminated structure 1 of a second example of the second embodiment) FIG. 26 shows a second example of the laminated structure 1 of the second embodiment.

[0117] 26 includes a first layer 21, a second layer 22 stacked on the first layer 21, a third layer 23 stacked on the second layer 22, a fourth layer 24 stacked on the third layer 23, a fifth layer 25 stacked on the fourth layer 24, and a sixth layer 26 stacked on the fifth layer 25. The reinforcing bars 10 include first-layer reinforcing bars 110 arranged from the first layer 21 to the fourth layer 24, and second-layer reinforcing bars 120 arranged from the third layer 23 to the sixth layer 26.

[0118] The first-layer reinforcing bars 110 include a first-layer first reinforcing bar 111 and a first-layer second reinforcing bar 112 that is fixed in a direction intersecting the first-layer first reinforcing bar 111. The second-layer reinforcing bars 120 include a second-layer first reinforcing bar 121 and a second-layer second reinforcing bar 122 that is fixed in a direction intersecting the second-layer first reinforcing bar 121. The first-layer second reinforcing bar 112 is placed between the second layer 22 and the third layer 23. The second-layer second reinforcing bar 122 is placed between the fourth layer 24 and the fifth layer 25.

[0119] FIG. 27 shows an example of a method for constructing the layered structure 1 of the second example of the second embodiment.

[0120] In the second example of the laminated structure 1, first, as shown in FIG. 27(a), a first-layer rebar laying process is performed to lay the first-layer rebar 110. The first-layer rebar 110 is supported by auxiliary members (not shown) and laid in a floating state. Next, as shown in FIG. 27(b), a first-layer formation process is performed to form the first layer 21. Next, as shown in FIG. 27(c), a second-layer formation process is performed to form the second layer 22. The second layer 22 is formed up to the first-layer second rebar 112. After forming the first layer 21 or the second layer 22, it is preferable to bury the auxiliary members supporting the first-layer rebar 110 together with the first-layer rebar 110 or to remove only the auxiliary members.

[0121] Next, as shown in FIG. 27(d), a second-layer reinforcing bar laying process is performed to lay the second-layer reinforcing bars 120. The second-layer reinforcing bars 120 are supported by auxiliary members (not shown) and laid in a floating state. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 27(e), a third-layer forming process is performed to form a third layer 23 stacked on the second layer 22. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 27(f), a fourth-layer forming process is performed to form a fourth layer 24. The fourth layer 24 is formed up to the second-layer second reinforcing bars 122. After forming the third layer 23 or the fourth layer 24, it is preferable to bury the auxiliary members supporting the second-layer reinforcing bars 120 together with the second-layer reinforcing bars 120 or to remove only the auxiliary members.

[0122] Next, as shown in Fig. 27(g), a fifth layer forming step is performed to form a fifth layer 25 stacked on the fourth layer 24. Subsequently, as shown in Fig. 27(h), a sixth layer forming step is performed to form a sixth layer 26.

[0123] When the laminated structure 1 is formed in four layers, the third layer 23 and the fourth layer 24 may be formed without laying the second layer reinforcing bar 120 shown in Fig. 27(d). In other words, when constructing an n-layer laminated structure 1, the (n-1)th layer and the nth layer may be formed without laying the (n / 2)th layer reinforcing bar 10, where n is a positive integer.

[0124] According to the method for constructing the multilayer structure 1 of the second embodiment, the multilayer structure 1 can be constructed efficiently in a short time.

[0125] (Laminated structure 1 of a third example of the second embodiment) FIG. 28 shows a third example of the laminated structure 1 of the second embodiment.

[0126] 28 has a first layer 21, a second layer 22 stacked on the first layer 21, and a third layer 23 stacked on the second layer 22. The reinforcing bars 10 have first-layer reinforcing bars 110 arranged across the first layer 21 and the second layer 22, and second-layer reinforcing bars 120 arranged across the second layer 22 and the third layer 23.

[0127] The first-tier reinforcing bar 110 includes a first-tier first reinforcing bar 111 and two first-tier second reinforcing bars 112 secured to intersect at the U-shaped portion of the first-tier first reinforcing bar 111. The second-tier reinforcing bar 120 includes a second-tier first reinforcing bar 121 and two second-tier second reinforcing bars 122 secured to intersect at the U-shaped portion of the second-tier first reinforcing bar 121. The second reinforcing bars 12 are preferably arranged to pass through the loops of the first reinforcing bars 11 and spot welded. The first-tier second reinforcing bar 112 is arranged between the first layer 21 and the second layer 22. The second-tier second reinforcing bars 122 are arranged between the second layer 22 and the third layer 23.

[0128] In the third example of the laminated structure 1, the first reinforcing bars 11 are formed in a serpentine shape. By forming the first reinforcing bars 11 in a serpentine shape in this way, the adhesive strength of the first reinforcing bars 11 in one layer 20 is increased and the length over which the first reinforcing bars 11 are embedded in one layer 20 can be shortened compared to when the first reinforcing bars 11 are formed in a straight line. Furthermore, by increasing the number of second reinforcing bars 12 without changing the construction process, the strength of the laminated structure 1 can be further increased. Before installation, the reinforcing bars 10 may be wound in a spiral shape so that the diameter of the second reinforcing bars 12 gradually changes in a plane perpendicular to the straight line portions of the first reinforcing bars 11, as shown in FIG. 2(b).

[0129] (Laminated structure 1 of a fourth example of the second embodiment) FIG. 29 shows a fourth example of the laminated structure 1 of the second embodiment.

[0130] The laminated structure 1 of the fourth example of the second embodiment has a first layer 21, a second layer 22 stacked on the first layer 21, and a third layer 23 stacked on the second layer 22. The reinforcing bars 10 have first-stage reinforcing bars 110 arranged in the first layer 21 and the second layer 22, and second-stage reinforcing bars 120 arranged in the second layer 22 and the third layer 23.

[0131] The first-tier reinforcing bars 110 include a first-tier first reinforcing bar 111 and a first-tier second reinforcing bar 112 as a distribution reinforcing bar fixed in a direction intersecting the first-tier first reinforcing bar 111. The first-tier second reinforcing bar 112 is arranged between the first layer 21 and the second layer 22. The second-tier second reinforcing bar 122 is arranged between the second layer 22 and the third layer 23. In this way, the reinforcing strength of the laminated structure 1 can be increased by arranging the first-tier second reinforcing bar 112 in addition to the first-tier first reinforcing bar 111.

[0132] In order for the first-level first reinforcing bars 111 and the second-level first reinforcing bars 121 to function as continuous reinforcing bars in the vertical direction of the wall, it is desirable to overlap both ends of the bars as close as possible so as to form a lap joint. Also, even if the first-level first reinforcing bars 111 and the second-level first reinforcing bars 121 are spaced apart, it is sufficient as long as there is enough overlap length to form a lap joint. Also, to ensure the overlap length, the second-level first reinforcing bars 121 may extend into the first layer 21, as shown on the right side of Figure 29.

[0133] FIG. 30 shows an example of a method for constructing the layered structure 1 of the fourth example of the second embodiment.

[0134] The laminated structure 1 of the fourth example is constructed by forming a layer 20 and then inserting a first reinforcing bar 11 into the layer 20 before the material hardens. In the example shown in FIG. 30, first, a first layer formation process is performed to form the first layer 21. Next, a first layer reinforcing bar penetration process is performed to penetrate a first layer first reinforcing bar 111 into the first layer 21 until a first layer second reinforcing bar 112 of the first layer reinforcing bar 110 is positioned on the top surface of the first layer 21. Next, a second layer formation process is performed to form a second layer 22 stacked on the first layer 21 so as to include the area above the first layer first reinforcing bar 111. If the second layer 22 is to be formed, the process ends with the second layer formation process.

[0135] If another layer 20 is to be formed subsequently, a second-tier rebar penetration process is carried out on the second layer 22, in which the second-tier first rebar 121 is penetrated into the second layer 22 until the second-tier second rebar 122 of the second-tier rebar 120 is positioned on the top surface of the second layer 22. Next, a third-layer formation process is carried out, in which a third layer 23 is formed on the second layer 22 so as to include the area above the second-tier first rebar 121. If the third layer 23 is to be formed, the process ends with the third-layer formation process.

[0136] In the laminated structure 1 of the fourth example of the second embodiment, similar to the fourth example of the first embodiment shown in Fig. 16, the reinforcing bars 10 can be laid and then penetrated into the layers 20 immediately. Therefore, the laminated structure 1 can be constructed efficiently in a short time.

[0137] (Laminated structure 1 of a fifth example of the second embodiment) FIG. 31 shows a fifth example of the laminated structure 1 of the second embodiment.

[0138] The laminated structure 1 of the fifth example includes a first reinforcing bar 11 formed in a U-shape and a second reinforcing bar 12 fixed so as to intersect the U-shaped portion of the first reinforcing bar 11. The second reinforcing bar 12 is preferably arranged to pass through the loop of the first reinforcing bar 11 and spot welded. By forming the first reinforcing bar 11 in a U-shape in this way, the adhesive strength of the first reinforcing bar 11 per layer 20 becomes that of two reinforcing bars, and the length over which the first reinforcing bar 11 is embedded per layer 20 can be shortened.

[0139] As in the fifth example of the first embodiment, the lower straight end of the first reinforcing bar 11 is fixed to a material such as mortar by its adhesion length, and is mechanically continuous with the fixing of the U-shaped portion of the lower layer, thereby becoming a reinforcing bar that is continuous in the vertical direction of the wall. For this purpose, the lower end of the first reinforcing bar 11 does not need to be located in the center of the U-shape of the lower layer, but it must extend at least downward beyond the U-shape.

[0140] (Laminated structure 1 of a sixth example of the second embodiment) FIG. 32 shows a sixth example of the laminated structure 1 of the second embodiment.

[0141] In the sixth example of the laminated structure 1, the first reinforcing bar 11 is formed in a U-shape. The first reinforcing bar 11 and the second reinforcing bar 12 are fixed by welding or the like. In the sixth example, the second reinforcing bar 12 is fixed by welding or the like so that it crosses the approximately middle of the straight portion of the first reinforcing bar 11. By forming the first reinforcing bar 11 in a U-shape in this way, the adhesive strength of the first reinforcing bar 11 to one layer 20 is increased, and the length over which the first reinforcing bar 11 is embedded to one layer 20 can be shortened.

[0142] The U-shaped first reinforcing bar 11 in the sixth example can be formed by fixing a second reinforcing bar 12 between the U-shaped portion of the originally serpentine first reinforcing bar 11 and the middle C of the straight portion by welding or the like, and then cutting the middle C of the first reinforcing bar 11, as in the example shown in Figure 19.

[0143] (Laminated structure 1 of seventh example of second embodiment) FIG. 33 shows a seventh example of the laminated structure 1 of the second embodiment.

[0144] The seventh example of the laminated structure 1 is an example in which the first reinforcing bar 11 of the fifth example shown in FIG. 32 is placed upside down. The first reinforcing bar 11 and the second reinforcing bar 12 are fixed by welding or the like. In the seventh example, the second reinforcing bar 12 is fixed by welding or the like so that it crosses near the end of the straight portion of the first reinforcing bar 11. By forming the first reinforcing bar 11 in a U-shape in this way, the adhesive strength of the first reinforcing bar 11 to one layer 20 is increased, and the length over which the first reinforcing bar 11 is embedded to one layer 20 can be shortened.

[0145] The U-shaped first reinforcing bar 11 in the seventh example can be formed by fixing the second reinforcing bar 12 by welding or the like to both sides of the originally serpentine first reinforcing bar 11, slightly away from the middle C, and cutting the middle C of the first reinforcing bar 11, similar to the processing method shown in Figure 19.

[0146] (Laminated structure 1 of eighth example of second embodiment) Fig. 34 shows an eighth example of the laminated structure 1 of the second embodiment. Fig. 34(a) shows the laminated structure 1 of the eighth example as seen from the longitudinal direction L. Fig. 34(b) shows the laminated structure 1 of the eighth example as seen from the width direction W. In practice, the reinforcing bars 10 are arranged inside the layer 20.

[0147] The eighth example of the laminated structure 1 uses spiral-shaped first reinforcing bars 11 as shown in FIG. 22. Second reinforcing bars 12 are arranged as distribution reinforcing bars on both sides of the layer 20 in the width direction W, which is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L. Multiple second reinforcing bars 12 are arranged overlapping each other to form a so-called lap joint along the longitudinal direction, with both or one side of the second reinforcing bars 12 being discontinuous. If only one side is discontinuous, the other side may be secured by spot welding at all intersections between the second reinforcing bars 12 and the first reinforcing bars 11, as in the first embodiment. By setting the length of the overlapping portion to a lap joint length determined by the strength of the reinforcing bars 10 and the material, the same reinforcing effect as a continuous reinforcing bar can be achieved. Each second reinforcing bar 12 is secured to the first reinforcing bars 11 by welding or other means. Preferably, each discontinuous second reinforcing bar 12 is secured to a single point near the center. The eighth example of the laminated structure 1 can be constructed in the same manner using the nozzle 2 shown in FIG. 23.

[0148] In this way, by using the spiral first reinforcing bars 11, strength in the width direction W can be added, and the strength can be increased. In addition, by arranging multiple second reinforcing bars 12 so that they overlap at one fastening point, strength is maintained, and by fastening the second reinforcing bars 12 at at least one side to one point, the reinforcing bars 10 can be deformed as a whole even if they are three-dimensional. Therefore, it is possible to accommodate complex shapes such as curved surfaces, and the degree of freedom in designing the laminated structure 1 can be increased.

[0149] The layered structures 1 of the third to eighth examples of the second embodiment may be constructed by first arranging the reinforcing bars 10 and then forming the layers 20, as shown in FIG. 25 . The layered structures 1 of the first to third examples and the fifth to eighth examples may be constructed by first forming the layers 20 and then inserting the reinforcing bars 10, as in the fourth example shown in FIG. 30 . Furthermore, the layered structures 1 of the third to eighth examples of the second embodiment may have a greater number of layers 20 relative to the number of reinforcing bars 10, as in the second example shown in FIG. 26 . When the number of layers 20 is increased, the structure may be constructed by either the construction method shown in FIG. 27 or the construction method in which the layers 20 are formed two at a time in the order shown in FIG. 30 .

[0150] As described above, the laminated structure 1 of this embodiment is a laminated structure 1 obtained by stacking materials into multiple layers 20 using a three-dimensional printing device, where the layers 20 have a first layer 21 and a second layer 22 stacked on the first layer 21, and are provided with first reinforcing bars 11 laid across the first layer 21 and the second layer 22, and second reinforcing bars 12 fixed in a direction intersecting the first reinforcing bars 11, the diameters of the first reinforcing bars and the second reinforcing bars being 3 mm or more and 6 mm or less. Therefore, the laminated structure 1 of this embodiment has high integrity and reinforcing strength due to adhesion with the material, is deformable, and can be constructed efficiently in a short time.

[0151] Furthermore, in the laminated structure 1 of this embodiment, the second reinforcing bars 12 are arranged between the first layer 21 and the second layer 22. Therefore, the laminated structure 1 of this embodiment can be constructed more efficiently in a short time.

[0152] Furthermore, in the laminated structure 1 of this embodiment, the second reinforcing bars 12 are arranged in at least one of the first layer 21 and the second layer 22. Therefore, the laminated structure 1 of this embodiment can improve the integrity and reinforcing strength due to adhesion with the material.

[0153] Furthermore, in the laminated structure 1 of this embodiment, the first reinforcing bars 11 are formed in a U-shape. Therefore, the laminated structure 1 of this embodiment can improve the unity and reinforcing strength due to adhesion with the material.

[0154] Furthermore, in the laminated structure 1 of this embodiment, the first reinforcing bars 11 are formed in a serpentine shape. Therefore, the laminated structure 1 of this embodiment can improve the unity and reinforcing strength due to adhesion with the material.

[0155] Furthermore, in the laminated structure 1 of this embodiment, the first reinforcing bar 11 is formed in a spiral shape. Therefore, the laminated structure 1 of this embodiment can improve the unity and reinforcing strength due to adhesion with the material.

[0156] Furthermore, the nozzle 2 for constructing a laminated structure of this embodiment is a nozzle 2 used when constructing a laminated structure 1, and has an injection section 2a through which the material is fed, a circulation section 2b that branches into two from the injection section 2a, a slit 2c that defines the space between the circulation sections 2b, and two discharge sections 2d from which the material is discharged from the left and right at the tips of the circulation sections 2b, the discharge sections 2d facing each other at the tips of the two circulation sections 2b. Therefore, by using the nozzle 2 for constructing a laminated structure, the material can be appropriately discharged, and the adhesion with the material provides high integrity and reinforcing strength, allowing the laminated structure 1 to be constructed efficiently in a short time.

[0157] Furthermore, the nozzle 2 for constructing a laminated structure of this embodiment has upper covers 2e that protrude from the upper ends of the two discharge portions 2d so as to approach each other. Therefore, the nozzle 2 for constructing a laminated structure of this embodiment can suppress the swelling of the material, discharge the material appropriately, and has high integrity and reinforcing strength due to adhesion with the material, allowing the laminated structure 1 to be constructed efficiently in a short time.

[0158] Furthermore, the laminated structure construction nozzle 2 of this embodiment has a lower cover 2f that protrudes downward from the lower ends of the two discharge portions 2d. Therefore, the laminated structure construction nozzle 2 of this embodiment can suppress deformation of the lower layer, discharge the material appropriately, and has high integrity and reinforcing strength due to adhesion with the material, allowing the laminated structure 1 to be constructed efficiently in a short time.

[0159] Furthermore, the method for constructing the laminated structure 1 of this embodiment is a method for constructing the laminated structure 1 in which materials are stacked into a plurality of layers 20, and includes at least a first layer forming step for forming a first layer 21, a first rebar inserting step for inserting the lower part of the first rebar 11 of the rebars 10 having the first rebar 11 and the second rebar 12 fixed in a direction intersecting the first rebar 11 into the first layer 21, and a second layer forming step for forming a second layer 22 stacked on the first layer 21 so as to include the upper part of the first rebar 11. Therefore, the method for constructing the laminated structure 1 of this embodiment can construct the laminated structure 1 efficiently in a short time.

[0160] Furthermore, the method for constructing the laminated structure 1 of this embodiment is a method for constructing the laminated structure 1 in which materials are stacked in a plurality of layers 20, and includes at least a rebar laying step of laying first rebars 11 and second rebars 12 fixed in a direction intersecting the first rebars 11, a first layer forming step of forming the first layer 21 so as to include the area below the first rebars 11, and a second layer forming step of forming the second layer 22 stacked on the first layer 21 so as to include the area above the first rebars 11. Therefore, the method for constructing the laminated structure 1 of this embodiment can construct the laminated structure 1 efficiently in a short time.

[0161] Furthermore, the method for constructing the laminated structure 1 of this embodiment is a method for constructing the laminated structure 1 in which materials are stacked into multiple layers 20, and includes at least a first layer forming step for forming the first layer 21, a second layer forming step for forming a second layer 22 stacked on the first layer 21, a first rebar inserting step for inserting the lower part of the first rebar 11 of the rebars 10 having the first rebar 11 and the second rebar 12 fixed in a direction intersecting the first rebar 11 into the first layer 21 and the second layer 22, and a third layer forming step for forming the third layer 23 stacked on the second layer 22 so as to include the upper part of the first rebar 11. Therefore, the method for constructing the laminated structure 1 of this embodiment can construct the laminated structure 1 efficiently in a short time.

[0162] Furthermore, the method for constructing the laminated structure 1 of this embodiment is a method for constructing the laminated structure 1 in which materials are stacked in a plurality of layers 20, and includes at least a rebar laying step of laying first rebars 11 and second rebars 12 fixed in a direction intersecting the first rebars 11, a first layer forming step of forming the first layer 21 so as to include the area below the first rebars 11, a second layer forming step of forming the second layer 22 stacked on the first layer 21 so as to include the area below the first rebars 11, and a third layer forming step of forming the third layer 23 stacked on the second layer 22 so as to include the area above the first rebars 11. Therefore, the method for constructing the laminated structure 1 of this embodiment can construct the laminated structure 1 efficiently in a short time.

[0163] Furthermore, in the method for constructing the layered structure 1 of this embodiment, the second reinforcing bars 12 are placed between layers. Therefore, the method for constructing the layered structure 1 of this embodiment can construct the layered structure 1 efficiently in a short time.

[0164] Furthermore, in the method for constructing the layered structure 1 of this embodiment, the second reinforcing bars 12 are arranged in layers, and therefore the method for constructing the layered structure 1 of this embodiment can further increase the reinforcing strength.

[0165] It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and that although the description of the embodiments includes many specific details for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art may make various variations and modifications to these details.

[0166] For example, it is known that when the reinforcing bar 10 penetrates a material such as mortar in the axial direction, a gap is generated between the mortar and the periphery of the reinforcing bar 10, which leads to a decrease in the bond strength. Therefore, it is preferable to use the following two points in combination.

[0167] (1) If a cement paste with higher fluidity and strength than the mortar is applied to the surface of the dispensed mortar, i.e., the top surface of the layer, just before penetration, or if the same cement paste is applied to the first rebar 11, and then the rebar is penetrated, the cement paste is drawn into the voids, thereby preventing a decrease in bond strength. Furthermore, applying cement paste not only improves the bond strength between layers, but also improves the bond strength of the rebars in embodiments where horizontal rebars are continuously laid between layers, since the paste is also applied to the surface of the rebars. The greater the bond strength of the rebars, the more dispersed the cracks become, resulting in a narrower crack width. In either case, this improves crack dispersion, leading to improved durability.

[0168] (2) Furthermore, when penetrating straight rebars in the fifth and sixth examples of the first embodiment, it is preferable to sharpen the rebars rather than simply cutting them (a cross section approximately perpendicular to the axis cut by a guillotine, commonly known as shear cutting). This not only reduces penetration resistance, but also reduces mortar disturbance by pushing the aggregate at the tip of the penetration sideways rather than pushing it in, thereby reducing voids around the rebar and improving bond strength. A conical tip is optimal, but because cutting is required, a double-edged or single-edged tip is preferable from the perspective of processing effort and cost. A single-edged tip is particularly optimal, as it eliminates material loss when sheared or laser-cut at an angle, and an acute angle of 45 to 40 degrees is effective.

[0169] Furthermore, in the first to seventh examples of the first embodiment and the first to seventh examples of the second embodiment, when a nozzle without slits 2c is used, rebars may be placed parallel to each other on both the front and back surfaces of the wall. In the examples using slits 2c, a nozzle having two slits 2c may be used. [Explanation of symbols]

[0170] 1...Laminated structure, 2...Nozzle, 2a...Injection section, 2b...Flow section, 2c...Slit, 2d...Discharge section, 2e...Upper cover, 2f...Lower cover, 10...reinforcing bar, 110...first row reinforcing bar, 120...second row reinforcing bar, 11...first row reinforcing bar, 111...first row first reinforcing bar, 121...second row first reinforcing bar, 12...second row reinforcing bar, 112...first row second reinforcing bar, 122...second row second reinforcing bar, 20...Layer, 21...1st layer, 22...2nd layer, 23...3rd layer, 24...4th layer, 25...5th layer, 26...6th layer, 27...7th layer

Claims

1. In a laminated structure in which materials are stacked in multiple layers using a three-dimensional modeling device, the layers include a first layer and a second layer stacked on the first layer; a first reinforcing bar laid across the first layer and the second layer; A second reinforcing bar fixed in a direction intersecting the first reinforcing bar; Equipped with The diameter of the first reinforcing bar and the second reinforcing bar is 3 mm or more and 6 mm or less. Layered structure.

2. The second reinforcing bar is disposed between the first layer and the second layer. The laminate structure of claim 1 .

3. The second rebar is disposed in at least one of the first layer or the second layer. The laminate structure of claim 1 .

4. The first reinforcing bar is formed in a U-shape. The laminate structure of claim 1 .

5. The first reinforcing bar is formed in a serpentine shape. The laminate structure of claim 1 .

6. The first reinforcing bar is formed in a spiral shape. The laminate structure of claim 1 .

7. A nozzle used when constructing a laminated structure, an inlet section to which the material is delivered; a flow section branching into two from the injection section; A slit indicating a space between the flow sections; two discharge portions at the tip of the circulation portion from which the material is discharged from the left and right; and The two discharge portions face each other at the tips of the two flow portions. Nozzle for building layered structures.

8. an upper cover protruding from the upper ends of the two discharge portions so as to approach each other; The nozzle for constructing a layered structure according to claim 7.

9. a lower cover protruding downward from the lower ends of the two discharge portions; The nozzle for constructing a layered structure according to claim 7 or 8.

10. A method for constructing a laminated structure in which materials are stacked in multiple layers, comprising: a first layer forming step of forming a first layer; a first reinforcing bar insertion process for inserting a lower part of the first reinforcing bar into the first layer, the lower part being a reinforcing bar having a first reinforcing bar and a second reinforcing bar fixed in a direction intersecting the first reinforcing bar; a second layer forming step of forming a second layer stacked on the first layer so as to include an area above the first reinforcing bar; having at least A method for constructing laminated structures.

11. A method for constructing a laminated structure in which materials are stacked in multiple layers, comprising: a reinforcing bar laying step of laying a first reinforcing bar and a second reinforcing bar fixed in a direction intersecting the first reinforcing bar; a first layer forming step of forming a first layer so as to include a portion below the first reinforcing bar; a second layer forming step of forming a second layer stacked on the first layer so as to include an area above the first reinforcing bar; having at least A method for constructing laminated structures.

12. A method for constructing a laminated structure in which materials are stacked in multiple layers, comprising: a first layer forming step of forming a first layer; a second layer forming step of forming a second layer stacked on the first layer; a first reinforcing bar insertion process for inserting a lower portion of the first reinforcing bar into the first layer and the second layer, the lower portion being a reinforcing bar having a first reinforcing bar and a second reinforcing bar fixed in a direction intersecting the first reinforcing bar; a third layer forming step of forming a third layer stacked on the second layer so as to include an area above the first reinforcing bar; having at least A method for constructing laminated structures.

13. A method for constructing a laminated structure in which materials are stacked in multiple layers, comprising: a reinforcing bar laying step of laying a first reinforcing bar and a second reinforcing bar fixed in a direction intersecting the first reinforcing bar; a first layer forming step of forming a first layer so as to include a portion below the first reinforcing bar; a second layer forming step of forming a second layer stacked on the first layer so as to include an area below the first reinforcing bar; a third layer forming step of forming a third layer stacked on the second layer so as to include an area above the first reinforcing bar; having at least A method for constructing laminated structures.

14. The second reinforcing bar is disposed between the layers. A method for constructing a laminated structure according to any one of claims 10 to 13.

15. The second rebar is disposed in the layer. A method for constructing a laminated structure according to any one of claims 10 to 13.

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