Form for continuous footing of disaster general house, and construction method of continuous footing

Abstract

To provide a form for continuous footing and a construction method of continuous footing which can simply construct continuous footing of a disaster general house in accordance with the Building Standard Law in short days without requiring expertise as though it is DIY.SOLUTION: A form for continuous footing of a disaster general house includes: square base substrates which are arranged at predetermined positions on a cut ground and are made of precast concrete; rectangular footing beam plates which are arrayed in a region connecting the arranged base substrates, are erected in parallel, and are made of precast concrete; width-stop tools which are arranged in each orthogonal direction of the footing beam plates erected in parallel, and support each lower end face or upper end face of the footing beam plates; a pair of crosspieces which are bridged between the arranged base substrates, and fix both ends of the width-stop tools to wooden ends; and an arrangement set which has main reinforcements in parallel with the pair of crosspieces and stirrup reinforcements vertical to the main reinforcements, and is arranged in regions sandwiched between the footing beam plates erected in parallel.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a formwork for continuous foundations and a construction method for continuous foundations that can easily and quickly construct continuous foundations for disaster-affected general housing that comply with the Building Standards Act using components such as factory-produced PC boards. [Background technology]

[0002] Foundations for buildings such as houses generally require the placement of reinforcing bars and the assembly of formwork on-site, followed by the pouring of concrete using vehicles such as mixer trucks and pump trucks, and the curing process, which means construction takes a long time. Therefore, methods have been developed to construct formwork in a short period of time using precast concrete, and to easily carry out construction without pouring concrete. For example, there is a method of constructing a formwork for a slab foundation using concrete blocks that are pre-produced in a factory, have a concrete filling space in the center, and have connecting openings that are open at the bottom of the filling space, thereby reducing the time and effort required for on-site pouring (Patent Document 1), and there is also a PC foundation beam member in which the foundation beam part of a building's strip footing or slab foundation is made from precast concrete produced in a factory, and axis bolts for connecting the upper and lower parts with connecting metal fittings are embedded near both ends, and reinforcing bars arranged in multiple rows in the vertical direction are connected to the axis bolts (Patent Document 2). However, since the steel bars are embedded inside, the beams themselves serve as foundation beams, but they are heavy and difficult to erect using only human strength. Therefore, the applicant developed a method for constructing high-quality foundation beams by producing concrete square columns and slabs that can be carried by hand in a factory, allowing formwork to be easily created using only human power, and eliminating the need to remove the concrete from the form after it has hardened, thereby shortening the construction period and enabling the construction of high-quality foundation beams (Patent Document 3).

[0003] On the other hand, prefabricated buildings (unit construction or panel construction), such as temporary housing for lease, are dismantled and reassembled repeatedly in cycles of about 1 to 3 years for reuse, but because the foundations are poured in concrete on site, this becomes waste material, and there are difficulties in finding places to dispose of it. Therefore, a unit has been developed in which the base of a slab footing is made up of precast concrete base members connected with detachable connectors, and the foundation riser parts are also formed by connecting the foundation riser parts with detachable connectors, allowing for easy disassembly and reassembly (Patent Document 4), and a unit for slab footing (Patent Document 5) has been developed which comprises multiple rectangular concrete plates of different lengths and connecting fittings consisting of plate fittings, L-shaped fittings and L-shaped fittings that connect them, and in which joining plates are fixed with their tips protruding from the end faces in cutouts formed at the top and bottom of the left and right end faces of the concrete plates, and sleeve fittings for installing reinforcing bars are embedded and fixed at a predetermined interval in the lower part of the front and rear wall surfaces of the concrete plates. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-96792 [Patent Document 2] Patent No. 3744922 [Patent Document 3] Patent No. 7406283 [Patent Document 4] Patent No. 3612065 [Patent Document 5] Patent No. 3777667 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] In recent years, there have been many cases of damage caused by earthquakes, and the Noto Peninsula earthquake (maximum seismic intensity 7) that occurred on January 1, 2024 forced many evacuees to live without privacy, making the construction of temporary housing urgently needed. However, although temporary housing can be postponed for one year at a time, it must be demolished after two years because its foundations do not comply with the Building Standards Act, forcing disaster victims to move, necessitating the rebuilding of communities, and resulting in the waste of building materials. Nowadays, the upper parts of houses are increasingly modularized, making it possible to assemble them in a relatively short time, and there are many skilled workers available. However, when it comes to the foundations, there is a shortage of skilled workers, making it difficult to proceed as planned. In view of the above circumstances, the present invention aims to provide a formwork for a strip foundation and a strip foundation construction method that can easily and quickly construct a strip foundation for a general disaster-resistant home that complies with the Building Standards Act, with a DIY feel and without the need for expertise. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The continuous footing formwork for general housing in the event of a disaster of the present invention is characterized by comprising: a square base plate made of precast concrete that is placed at a predetermined position on the excavated ground; rectangular precast concrete foundation beam plates that are arranged in parallel and aligned in an area connecting the placed base plates; width stops that are arranged perpendicular to each of the parallel-standing foundation beam plates and support the lower end faces or upper end faces of each of the foundation beam plates; a pair of battens that span between the placed base plates and secure both ends of each of the width stops to the wooden ends; and a reinforcement set that has main reinforcement parallel to each of the pair of battens and stirrup reinforcement perpendicular to the main reinforcement, and is placed in the area sandwiched between the parallel-standing foundation beam plates. Here, the width stopper has a first width stopper that supports the lower end surfaces and a second width stopper that supports the upper end surfaces, and the pair of crosspieces has a pair of first crosspieces that fix both ends of each of the first width stoppers and a pair of second crosspieces that fix both ends of each of the second width stoppers, and the first crosspieces are spanned at a position a predetermined distance outward from the lower end of each of the foundation beam plates, and the second crosspieces can be spanned at a position that is in close contact with the upper end of each of the foundation beam plates from the outside, so that construction is simple and easy and does not require expertise. Furthermore, it is preferable that the surface of the base substrate has a plurality of narrow flat roads on which the foundation beam plates are erected in parallel, and a square plateau higher than the flat roads is formed in the center of each flat road, and that rectangular plateaus are formed around the square plateaus, separated by the flat roads. In addition, the foundation beam plate has a cutout in the center of the bottom, and the horizontal reinforcing bars of the stirrup bars pass through the cutout, allowing concrete poured into the space formed by each of the parallel-arranged foundation beam plates to flow out from the cutout toward the first crosspiece, allowing the foundation beam and slab to be constructed in one go. Furthermore, the rectangular platform can be raised to a height lower than the cut-out portion by placing a concrete block of a predetermined height on it, and then concrete blocks of the same height as the raised rectangular platform can be placed on the ground at the midpoint between each of the positions where the first width stops are located, and the reinforcement set can be placed on each of the concrete blocks, so no expertise is required.

[0007] The construction method of the present invention for a continuous footing for a general disaster-preventing dwelling comprises a square base plate made of precast concrete and rectangular foundation beam plates each having a notched portion in the center of the lower part, wide first width stops supporting the lower end faces of the foundation beam plates erected in parallel with each other and narrow second width stops supporting the upper end faces of the foundation beam plates, a pair of first crosspieces for fixing both ends of the first width stops, a pair of second crosspieces for fixing both ends of the second width stops, and a reinforcing bar set having two upper and lower tiers of main reinforcement bars and stirrup reinforcement bars perpendicular to the main reinforcement bars, and includes the first step of installing the base plate at a predetermined interval on ground that has been subjected to ground work; The method is characterized by comprising a second step of spanning the first crosspieces; a third step of placing concrete blocks of a predetermined height on the ground midway between the first width stops fixed to the pair of first crosspieces and on the base substrate, and installing the reinforcement set on the concrete block; a fourth step of supporting the lower end surfaces with the first width stops, spanning the pair of second crosspieces in close contact with the outside and on the upper ends of each of the foundation beam plates arranged and erected in parallel, and supporting the upper end surfaces with the second width stops; and a fifth step of pouring concrete into the spaces between the foundation beam plates erected in parallel, or into the spaces between the foundation beam plates and the first crosspieces. Here, the first step can include a step of laying gravel and covering it with a moisture-proof sheet before placing the base substrate. The base substrate has a surface on which a plurality of narrow flat roads on which the foundation beam plates are erected in parallel, and a square plateau higher than the flat roads is formed at the center of each of the flat roads, and rectangular plateaus are formed around the square plateaus, separated by the flat roads; The third step preferably includes a step of placing a concrete block on the rectangular platform to a height lower than the cut-out portion of the foundation beam plate to raise the platform. Furthermore, the fifth step can include the steps of self-leveling the foundation beams formed between the foundation beam plates, removing the first crosspiece to which both ends of the first width stop are fixed and the second crosspiece to which the second width stop is fixed, backfilling with soil and sand until a predetermined embedment depth is reached, and covering the soil and sand with a moisture-proof sheet. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] According to the present invention, a small number of ordinary people can construct a continuous foundation for a general disaster housing unit that complies with the Building Standards Act in a short time and at low cost using factory-produced building materials and standardized lumber. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a general disaster housing constructed on a continuous footing constructed using the continuous footing formwork of this embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an example of the formwork for a continuous footing of this embodiment. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a base substrate, with the upper part being a plan view and the lower part being a front view. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a foundation beam plate, with the left side being a side view and the right side being a front view. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of foundation beam plates arranged in parallel and continuously between Y1 and Y5 in FIG. 2 and erected. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a cross section of a formwork for a continuous footing at point Y4 in FIG. [Figure 7(a)] FIG. 7(a) is a diagram showing an example of a first width stopper. [Figure 7(b)] FIG. 7(b) is a diagram showing an example of the second width stopper. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the positions of the second width stoppers fixed to the second crosspieces between Y4 and Y5 in FIG. [Figure 9(a)] FIG. 9(a) is a plan view showing an example of a reinforcement set. [Figure 9(b)] FIG. 9(b) is a side view showing an example of a reinforcement set. [Figure 9(c)] FIG. 9(c) is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 9(a). [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a method for constructing a formwork for constructing a continuous footing of this embodiment. [Figure 11] Figure 11 is a plan of the formwork for the continuous footing between Y4 and Y5 in Figure 2, constructed using the construction method shown in Figure 10. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing the continuous footing in a state where concrete has been poured into the formwork for the continuous footing and the battens have been removed. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing the strip foundation in a completed state after backfilling with soil and sand. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0010] Below, an embodiment of the formwork for a continuous foundation of a disaster-stricken general housing and a construction method for the continuous foundation of the present invention will be described based on the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a general disaster housing constructed on a continuous footing constructed using the continuous footing formwork of this embodiment. The typical disaster housing shown in Figure 1 has two 4.5 tatami mat Western-style rooms, a 6 tatami mat kitchen, a bathroom and toilet, and has a layout similar to that of a 9 tsubo (approximately 30 sq. m) 2K-type temporary housing.

[0011] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an example of the formwork for a continuous footing of this embodiment. The formwork 2 for a strip foundation shown in Figure 2 is prepared by laying the foundation groundwork on a plot of land of approximately 35 to 40 square meters, and then installing a precast concrete base substrate 3 with a side length of approximately 500 millimeters on top of the ground covered with a moisture-proof sheet. Base substrates 3 are installed on the left and right formwork 2 in the figure so that the distance from center to center is 1350 mm, and base substrates 3 are installed on the top and bottom formwork 2 in the figure so that the distance from center to center is 1800 mm. A pair of crosspieces 4 are placed parallel to each other on either side of the base substrate 3 near the edges, and precast concrete foundation beam plates 5 are erected in parallel inside the pair of crosspieces 4, arranged continuously with no gaps between them. Width stops 6 that support the foundation beam plates 5 are installed on the base substrate 3 in two locations near the edges and in two locations between the base substrates 3, and both ends of these stops are fixed to the crosspieces 4. The foundation beam plate 5 has a notched portion 5a (not shown in the figure) in the center of the bottom.

[0012] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a base substrate, with the upper part being a plan view and the lower part being a front view. The base substrate 3 shown in FIG. 3 is a square having a thickness of 25 mm and a side length of 500 mm, and has a flat path 14 on its surface and a plateau 13 that is higher than the flat path 14. In the center of the plateau 13 is a square plateau 13a, and around it, separated by a flat road 14, are a rectangular plateau 13b and a square plateau smaller than the central one. There are two flat roads 14, one vertical and one horizontal, and the arrangement of the foundation beam plates 5 can be erected in either the vertical or horizontal direction on these flat roads 14 in accordance with the position where the base substrate 3 is installed. In addition, a step 3b is provided on the bottom surface 3a to prevent fingers from being pinched by gravel or the like when placing the base substrate 3 on the ground. Here, the square platform 13a in the center has a side length of 116 mm, the rectangular platform 13b is 50 mm x 116 mm, the width of the flat road 14 is 29 mm, and the step between the flat road 14 and the platform 13 is set to 10 mm, but these numerical values ​​are merely examples and do not necessarily have to be limited to these values.

[0013] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a foundation beam plate, with the left side being a side view and the right side being a front view. The foundation beam plate shown in Figure 4 is 540 mm high and 25 mm thick, with the notched portion measuring 150 mm high and 150 mm wide. In this embodiment, the foundation beam plates are prepared in eight different widths ranging from 439 mm to 133 mm depending on the erection position, but these are merely examples and are not necessarily limited to these.

[0014] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of foundation beam plates arranged in parallel and continuously between Y1 and Y5 in FIG. 2 and erected. In Figure 5, a base plate is placed at each of positions Y1 to Y5, and width stops (not shown) that support the foundation beam plates are installed on the gravel at two locations near the ends of the base plate and two locations between the base plates, and both ends are fixed to battens (not shown).The ground GL is located above the cutout portion 5a of the foundation beam plate 5. Here, three foundation beam plates 5 each having a width of 439 mm, two having a width of 304 mm, four having a width of 307 mm, and eight having a width of 300 mm are used. Incidentally, the total number of base substrates 3 used to construct the continuous footing formwork 2 for the disaster-resistant general housing of this embodiment is 16, and the total number of foundation beam plates 5 is 194.

[0015] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a cross section of a formwork for a continuous footing at point Y4 in FIG. In the cross section of the formwork shown in Figure 6, a moisture-proof sheet 15 is placed over the excavated ground, with a base substrate 3 placed on top of that. A first width stopper 6a is installed on the base substrate 3 in the horizontal direction in the figure, and a first crosspiece 4a with a thickness of about 40 mm and a width of about 150 mm is fixed to each end of the first width stopper 6a. On the surface of the base substrate 3, there is a plateau 13 and a flat road 14, a reinforcing bar set 7 is placed on a concrete block 10 placed on the plateau 13, and foundation beam plates 5 are erected in parallel on the flat road 14. There is a cutout portion 5a at the bottom of the foundation beam plate 5, and the horizontal stirrup bars 9 of the reinforcing bar set 7 protrude from the cutout portion 5a, and the vertical stirrup bars 9 extend to near the upper end of the foundation beam plate 5. The upper end faces of the foundation beam plates 5, which are set up in parallel, are supported by second width stops 6b, and both ends of the second width stops 6b are fixed to second crosspieces 4b, which are about 40 mm thick and 80 mm wide and are fitted tightly to the outside of each upper end. The distance between the parallel-arranged foundation beam plates 5 is set to 170 mm, but it can also be set to 150 mm.

[0016] FIG. 7 shows an example of a width stopper, where FIG. 7(a) shows a first width stopper and FIG. 7(b) shows a second width stopper. is. The wide first width stopper 6a shown in Figure 7(a) has a total length of 390 mm and has two members W in the center to set the distance between the foundation beam plates 5 at 170 mm, and at the end 110 mm away from there is a member S to fix it to the first crosspiece. Therefore, a space of 70 mm is created between the first crosspiece 4a having a thickness of 40 mm and the foundation beam plate 5 to form a slab. The narrow second width stopper 6b shown in Figure 7(b) has a total length of 250 mm and has two members W in the center to set the distance between the foundation beam plates 5 at 170 mm, and a member S at the end 40 mm away from there to fix it to the second crosspiece 4b. Therefore, the second crosspiece 4b, which is 40 mm thick, and the foundation beam plate 5 are in close contact with each other, and the second width stopper 6b, both ends of which are fixed to the second crosspiece 4b, can maintain a constant distance between the foundation beam plates 5.

[0017] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the positions of the second width stoppers fixed to the second crosspieces between Y4 and Y5 in FIG. As shown in Fig. 8, the second crosspieces 4b are placed in parallel in close contact with the outside of the foundation beam plates 5, which are arranged continuously and erected in parallel. The second width stops 6b, which are placed in two locations before and after the base substrates 3 and centered on Y4 and Y5 where the base substrates 3 are placed, and the two second width stops 6b between the base substrates 3, are fixed to the second crosspieces 4b. Furthermore, main reinforcement bars 8 run through the spaces between the foundation beam plates 5 .

[0018] FIG. 9 shows an example of a reinforcement set, where FIG. 9(a) is a plan view, FIG. 9(b) is a side view, and FIG. 9(c) is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 9(a). As shown in Figure 9, the reinforcing bar set 7 is formed by five parallel reinforcing bars, vertical reinforcing bars, and horizontal reinforcing bars perpendicular to the five parallel reinforcing bars of a pair of first crosspieces 4a that are spanned between the base plates 3. Of the five parallel reinforcing bars, the reinforcing bars at the center of the upper and lower rows are main reinforcing bars 8, and the reinforcing bar at the center of the middle row is web reinforcing bars 8a. The reinforcing bars perpendicular to the main reinforcing bars 8 are stirrup reinforcing bars 9, which are bent at both ends and include vertical reinforcing bars 9a that engage with the main reinforcing bars of the upper and lower rows, and horizontal reinforcing bars 9b that are perpendicular to the main reinforcing bars 8 of the lower row. Although not shown, first width stops 6a that support the foundation beam plate 5 are arranged perpendicular to the first crosspieces 9a, and concrete blocks 10 of the same height as the concrete blocks 10 that raise the platform 13 of the base substrate 3 are installed between the first width stops 6a. The lower main reinforcement bars 8 and horizontal reinforcing bars 9b are then placed on top of these concrete blocks 10.

[0019] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a method for constructing a formwork for constructing a continuous footing of this embodiment. As shown in Figure 10, first prepare the following materials required to construct the formwork. (1) A square base plate 3 made of precast concrete and a rectangular foundation beam plate 5 having a notched portion 5a in the center of the bottom (2) A wide first width stopper 6a supporting the lower end surfaces of the foundation beam plates 5 erected in parallel, and a narrow second width stopper 6b supporting the upper end surfaces of the foundation beam plates 5 erected in parallel. (3) A pair of first crosspieces 4a that fix both ends of the first width stopper 6s (4) A pair of second crosspieces 4b that fix both ends of the second width stopper 6b (5) Reinforcement set 7 having two upper and lower main reinforcements 8 and stirrup reinforcements 9 perpendicular to the main reinforcements 8

[0020] Next, the foundation is prepared, gravel is laid, and the base substrates 3 are placed at predetermined intervals on the ground that has been covered with a moisture-proof sheet 15. On the surface of the base substrate 3, a narrow flat path 14 on which the foundation beam plate 5 is erected and a plateau 13 higher than the flat path 14 are formed, with a square plateau 13a arranged in the center and rectangular plateaus 13b arranged around it with the flat path 14 in between.

[0021] Next, a pair of first crosspieces are placed parallel to each other on the outside of the rectangular base of each of the arranged base plates, and are temporarily fixed with plywood at a predetermined distance. Then, first width stoppers are placed perpendicular to the first crosspieces at predetermined intervals on the underside of the first crosspieces, and both ends of the first width stoppers are fixed to the ends of the first crosspieces.

[0022] Next, concrete blocks 10 are placed on the rectangular central plateau 13b to raise it up, so that the height is lower than the cut-out portions 5a of the foundation beam plate 5, and concrete blocks 10 of the same height as the raised rectangular plateau 13b are also placed on the ground between the first width stops 6a. Then, the reinforcing bar arrangement set 7 is placed on these concrete blocks 10.

[0023] Next, the lower end surfaces of the foundation beam plates 5 are supported by the first width stoppers 6a and aligned, and are erected in parallel. In addition, a pair of second crosspieces 4b clamp each upper end of the foundation beam plates 5, and second width stoppers 6b, both ends of which are fixed to each of the second crosspieces 4b, keep the spacing between the upper end surfaces of the foundation beam plates 5 constant.

[0024] Figure 11 is a plan of the formwork for the continuous footing between Y4 and Y5 in Figure 2, constructed using the construction method shown in Figure 10. As shown in Figure 11, a pair of first crossbars 4a spans both sides of the base plate 3 (shown by the diagonal lines). Six first width stops 6a are installed perpendicularly at regular intervals near the edges of the base plate 3 and on the bottom surfaces of the first crossbars 4a. Both ends of the first width stops 6a are fixed to the ends of the first crossbars 4a. Gravel is laid in areas where foundation work has been performed, including areas where the base plate 3 is not installed. Parallel foundation beam plates 5 supported by the first width stops 6a are erected inside each pair of first crossbars 4a. A reinforcing bar set 7 is installed inside each foundation beam plate 5. Seven horizontal reinforcing bars of the stirrups 9, perpendicular to the crossbars, pass through the cutouts 5a of the foundation beam plate 5 and protrude toward the first crossbars 4a to form the slab.

[0025] Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a slab foundation after concrete has been poured into the formwork for the slab foundation and the battens have been removed, and Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view showing the slab foundation in its completed state after backfilling with soil and sand. As shown in the figure, the first pier 4a, the second pier 4b, and the second width stop 6b have been removed, and the first width stop 6a, the raised platform 13 of the base substrate 3, and the horizontal reinforcing bars 9b and vertical reinforcing bars 9a of the stirrup bars 9 are buried in the poured concrete. In the space partitioned by the cut-out portion 5a of the base substrate 3 and the removed first pier 4a, a slab 1a of the continuous footing is formed, and the foundation beam 1b is formed in a shape that includes the foundation beam plate 5. A self-leveling material has been injected into the top surface of the foundation beam 1b to eliminate unevenness and make it flat. Once the concrete has hardened, the ground is backfilled to a height of about 240 mm from the base substrate 3, and the backfilled ground is covered with a moisture-proof sheet. As a result, the thickness of the slab foundation is 170 mm, the height of the foundation beam 1b from the ground is approximately 300 mm, and the embedment depth is approximately 240 mm, which meets the standards for slab foundations in the Building Standards Act.

[0026] The labor hours required to construct the strip footing of this embodiment are two people and one day, from excavating the ground to covering it with a moisture-proof sheet and placing the base plate. It takes two people and one day to fasten the width stops to the battens, create a reinforcement kit, erect the foundation beams, and support them with the width stops. It takes two people and one day to pour the concrete using a small mixer and pump and allow it to self-level. It takes two people and one day to perform curing and strip the battens. Therefore, it takes two people and four days to build a strip footing for a typical disaster-resistant home, and no expertise is required for construction, making it possible for ordinary people to do the work with a DIY feel. In terms of costs, material costs including gravel and concrete are around 1.15 million yen, while construction costs for earthworks, foundation work, reinforcing bars, formwork, concrete, etc., including the use of mixer trucks and pump trucks and other expenses, are around 850,000 yen, bringing the total cost to around 2 million yen, which is reasonable. Therefore, it will be possible to build and provide disaster victims with general disaster housing that can be lived in for a long period of time from the start, without relying on temporary housing. [Industrial Applicability]

[0027] Since the spread foundation of a general disaster housing can be constructed easily, in a short time, and at low cost, it is possible to build a house that can be lived in for a long period of time from the beginning when a disaster occurs. [Explanation of symbols]

[0028] 1. Strip foundation 1a Slab 1b Foundation beam 2 Formwork for strip foundations 3 Base board 3a Bottom 3b step 4. Pillars 4a First crosspiece 4b Second crosspiece 5 Foundation beam plate 5a Cut-out part 6 width stop 6a First width stop 6b Second width stop 7 Rebar Set 8 Main reinforcement 8a Abdominal muscles 9 Stirrup muscles 9a Vertical reinforcing bars 9b Horizontal rebar 10 Concrete Block 13 High ground 13a Square Plateau 13b Rectangular hill 14 Flat road 15 Moisture-proof sheet

Claims

1. A square base substrate made of precast concrete to be placed in a predetermined position on the excavated ground; Precast concrete rectangular foundation beam plates arranged in parallel in the area connecting the arranged base substrates; Width stops are arranged in the perpendicular direction of the foundation beam plates installed in parallel and support the lower end surfaces or upper end surfaces of the foundation beam plates; a pair of crosspieces that bridge the arranged base plates and fix both ends of each of the width stoppers to wooden ends; a reinforcement set having main reinforcements parallel to each of the pair of battens and stirrup reinforcements perpendicular to the main reinforcements, and being arranged in the area sandwiched between each of the foundation beam plates erected in parallel.

2. The width stoppers include a first width stopper that supports the lower end surfaces and a second width stopper that supports the upper end surfaces, The pair of crosspieces includes a pair of first crosspieces that fix both ends of each of the first width stops and a pair of second crosspieces that fix both ends of each of the second width stops, The formwork for a slab foundation for general disaster-prone housing as described in claim 1, characterized in that the first batten is spanned at a position a predetermined distance outward from the lower end of each of the foundation beam plates, and the second batten is spanned at a position in close contact with the upper end of each of the foundation beam plates from the outside.

3. The base substrate has a surface formed with a plurality of narrow flat roads on which the foundation beam plates are erected in parallel, and a square plateau higher than the flat roads is formed in the center of each flat road, and rectangular plateaus are formed around the square plateaus, separated by the flat roads.

4. The foundation beam plate has a notched portion in the center of the lower part, The horizontal reinforcing bars of the stirrup bars pass through the cutout portions, A formwork for a strip foundation for a general disaster-stricken home as described in claim 2, characterized in that concrete poured into the space formed by each of the foundation beam plates arranged in parallel flows out from the cutout portion toward the first crosspiece.

5. The formwork for a splay footing for a small house as described in claim 4, characterized in that the rectangular platform is raised to a height lower than the cut-out portion by placing a concrete block of a predetermined height on it, and concrete blocks of the same height as the raised rectangular platform are placed on the ground at the midpoint between each of the positions where the first width stops are placed, and the reinforcement set is placed on each of the concrete blocks.

6. The structure comprises a rectangular foundation beam plate made of precast concrete, having a square base plate and a notched portion in the center of the lower part, wide first width stops supporting the lower end faces of the foundation beam plates erected in parallel with each other, narrow second width stops supporting the upper end faces of the foundation beam plates, a pair of first crosspieces fixing both ends of the first width stops, a pair of second crosspieces fixing both ends of the second width stops, and a reinforcement set having two upper and lower tiers of main reinforcements and stirrup reinforcements perpendicular to the main reinforcements, a first step of placing the base substrate at predetermined intervals on ground that has been subjected to ground work; a second step of bridging the pair of first crosspieces across an area connecting the base substrates; a third step of placing a concrete block of a predetermined height on the ground midway between the first width stops fixed to the pair of first crosspieces and on the base plate, and installing the reinforcing bar set on the concrete block; a fourth step of supporting the lower end surfaces with the first width stops, bridging the pair of second crosspieces in close contact with the upper ends of the foundation beam plates arranged in parallel from the outside, and supporting the upper end surfaces with the second width stops; A construction method for a strip foundation, characterized by including a fifth step of pouring concrete into the spaces between the foundation beam plates installed in parallel, or into the spaces between the foundation beam plates and the first crosspiece.

7. 7. The method for constructing a strip footing according to claim 6, wherein the first step includes a step of laying gravel and covering it with a moisture-proof sheet before placing the base substrate.

8. The base substrate has a surface on which a plurality of narrow flat roads on which the foundation beam plates are erected in parallel, a square plateau higher than the flat roads formed at the center of each flat road, and rectangular plateaus formed around the square plateaus, separated by the flat roads; The third step is characterized in that it includes a step of placing concrete blocks on top of the rectangular pedestal to a height lower than the cut-out portion of the foundation beam plate to raise the pedestal.

9. The fifth step is characterized in that it includes the steps of self-leveling the foundation beams formed between the foundation beam plates, removing the first batten to which both ends of the first width stop are fixed and the second batten to which the second width stop is fixed, backfilling with soil and sand until a predetermined embedment depth is reached, and covering the soil and sand with a moisture-proof sheet.

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