Retaining wall

Abstract

To provide a retaining wall having greater strength of wall members and capable of suppressing occurrence of cracks at openings even when large openings are formed in the wall members.SOLUTION: A retaining wall 1 comprises a wall head 4a, a wall foot 4b, and a wall main body 4c of a wall member 4. The wall head 4a and the wall foot 4b are formed at an upper end and a lower end of portions corresponding to the wall member 4 of an exposed H-shaped steel 6. An H-shaped steel 6, a structural steel 3, horizontal reinforcing bars 7a, and vertical reinforcing bars 7b are embedded in concrete inside the wall head 4a and the wall foot 4b. One or more openings 8 are formed in the wall main body 4c, and an opening beam 4d is provided along an upper edge thereof. The opening beam 4d has the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a embedded therein with concrete.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a retaining wall having an opening formed therein, for example, a retaining wall that can be used as a wall surface of a basement with the opening as an entrance and exit. [Background technology]

[0002] A retaining wall is a wall-like structure designed and constructed to resist lateral soil pressure and prevent slope collapse when a large difference in elevation is required in the ground that exceeds the angle of repose of the soil. Patent Document 1 proposes a retaining wall that minimizes the reduction in flat land for constructing a building. This retaining wall will be described with reference to Figs. 18 and 19.

[0003] 18, the retaining wall 100 includes a plurality of support piles 20. The support piles 20 include a columnar portion 50 formed of cement milk in the ground, and an H-shaped steel 60 whose lower portion is disposed inside the columnar portion 50 and whose upper portion is exposed from the columnar portion 50.

[0004] 19, the retaining wall 100 also includes a channel steel 30 fixed to the H-shaped steel 60 by welding or the like. The channel steel 30 is a shaped steel including a web 30a, a first flange 30b formed on one end side of the web 30a, and a second flange 30c formed on the other end side of the web 30a.

[0005] Furthermore, the retaining wall 100 includes a wall member 40. This wall member 40 is formed of so-called reinforced concrete, in which reinforcing bars 70 are embedded in concrete. The reinforcing bars 70 are made up of reinforcing bars 70a extending horizontally and arranged on the web 30a of the channel steel 30, and longitudinal reinforcing bars 70b extending vertically. Furthermore, the wall members 40 are arranged in a planar (plate-like) shape along the H-shaped steel 60 of the plurality of support piles 20, and are fixed to the support piles 20 via channel steel 30 embedded inside. In the retaining wall 100, the planar wall members 40 are configured to receive the horizontal component of earth pressure.

[0006] In this way, the retaining wall 100 has a composite structure in which the support piles 20 and the wall members 40 are integrated, with the channel steel 30, horizontal reinforcing bars 70a, and vertical reinforcing bars 70b buried within the wall members 40, and the wall members 40 are fixed to the support piles 20 via the channel steel 30. The wall member 40 is subjected to the horizontal component of the earth pressure. This horizontal component of the earth pressure is transmitted to the H-shaped steel 60 at the top of the support pile 20 via the channel steel 30, and then to the bottom of the support pile 20, and the wall member 40 resists the lateral pressure of the soil and prevents the collapse of the slope. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0007] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 6940709 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0008] Since the wall member 40 is constructed to prevent the collapse of a slope, no openings are planned to be formed in the retaining wall. However, there is a social demand, including for the effective use of land, to be able to use the openings in the retaining wall as entrances and exits for basements, garages, etc. On the other hand, in the retaining wall 100 proposed in Patent Document 1, the wall member 40 is made of so-called reinforced concrete, so even if no openings are provided, the strength of the wall member 40 is not sufficient, and there is a risk of distortion due to earth pressure, destruction such as shear failure, tipping over, or sinking.In addition, because the wall member 40 is formed in a flat (plate-like) shape, there is a risk of heaping and consolidation sliding occurring. Therefore, when an opening is formed in the wall member 40 of the retaining wall 100, there is a problem in that cracks easily occur at the opening due to stress concentration.

[0009] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above circumstances, and aims to provide a retaining wall in which the strength of the wall members is increased and cracks or the like do not occur in the wall members in which openings are formed, even when openings are formed in the wall members. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the retaining wall of the present invention is a retaining wall that receives the horizontal component of earth pressure through wall members, and is characterized in that it comprises a plurality of support piles, a wall main body portion that is formed as the wall member integrally with the support piles and has at least horizontal reinforcing bars extending horizontally and vertical reinforcing bars extending vertically embedded therein using concrete, one or more openings formed in the wall main body portion, and an opening beam that is formed along the upper edge of the opening and has at least the horizontal reinforcing bars embedded therein using concrete.

[0011] According to this configuration, the opening beam arranged along the upper side of the opening is made of so-called reinforced concrete (RC structure) in which horizontal reinforcing bars are embedded inside the concrete. As a result, in the retaining wall of the present invention, the strength of the wall members can be increased, and they can reliably support the horizontal component of earth pressure for a long period of time, and even if openings are formed in the wall members, cracks caused by stress concentration can be prevented.

[0012] Here, it is desirable that the opening beam formed along the upper edge of the opening and having at least the horizontal reinforcing bars buried inside with concrete extend at least up to the H-shaped steel that constitutes the support pile adjacent to the opening.More preferably, the opening beam is formed up to both ends of the wall main body.

[0013] Furthermore, it is desirable that a wall cap be provided in the upper end of the wall member in an area other than the area above the opening, in which the H-shaped steel, horizontal reinforcing bars, and vertical reinforcing bars that make up the support piles are embedded in concrete. By providing the wall cap in this way, the strength of the wall member can be further increased. More preferably, a wall head is provided in the upper end of the wall member in an area including the area above the opening, with the H-shaped steel beams, horizontal reinforcing bars and vertical reinforcing bars that constitute the support piles embedded inside in concrete. It is also preferable that the opening beam has stirrups arranged thereon so as to surround the horizontal reinforcing bars, and that the stirrups are embedded inside the wall member with concrete. By providing stirrups in this way, the strength of the opening beam can be increased. In addition, it is desirable that the stirrups arranged on the opening beam are tied to horizontal reinforcing bars and width stop bars tied to the horizontal reinforcing bars arranged above and below.

[0014] It is also desirable that the wall head be provided with a connecting member for connecting the H-shaped steel beams that make up the support piles to each other. Furthermore, it is desirable that the opening beam is provided with a connecting member that connects the left and right H-shaped steel beams adjacent to the opening to each other. Furthermore, it is desirable that a wall base be provided at the lower end of the wall member, with the H-shaped steel and horizontal and vertical reinforcing bars that constitute the support piles embedded inside in concrete, and that a connecting member be provided at the wall base in the area below the opening to connect the left and right H-shaped steel bars adjacent to the opening to each other. In this way, by providing connecting members that connect the H-shaped steel members to each other, the strength of the wall head, opening beams, and wall base can be increased.

[0015] Furthermore, it is desirable that at least two structural steels are provided in the vertical direction at the upper and lower ends of the H-shaped steel portions corresponding to the wall member and at the outer and inner sides of the opening beam, and that stirrups are provided at the upper and lower ends and the opening beam so as to surround the horizontal reinforcing bars provided in the at least two structural steels fixed to the upper and lower ends of the H-shaped steel portions corresponding to the wall member and the outer and inner sides of the opening beam. Since the stirrups are provided in this manner, the strength of the upper end portion, the lower end portion and the opening beam can be increased.

[0016] Furthermore, it is desirable that a connecting member be provided at the upper end to connect the H-shaped steel beams constituting the support pile to each other, and that the stirrups be arranged so as to surround the horizontal reinforcing bars and the connecting member. The upper end is a so-called SRC structure in which horizontal reinforcing bars are embedded inside the concrete and connecting members are also embedded, which can further increase the strength of the wall member.

[0017] Furthermore, it is desirable that a connecting member be provided at the lower end to connect the H-shaped steel beams constituting the support pile to each other, and that the stirrups be arranged so as to surround the horizontal reinforcing bars and the connecting member. The lower end is a so-called SRC structure in which horizontal reinforcing bars are embedded inside the concrete and connecting members are also embedded, which can further increase the strength of the wall member.

[0018] Furthermore, it is desirable that the opening beam is provided with a connecting member that connects the left and right H-shaped steels adjacent to the opening, and that the stirrups are arranged to surround the horizontal reinforcing bars and the connecting member. In this way, the opening beams arranged along the upper edge of the opening are a so-called SRC structure in which horizontal steel bars are buried inside the concrete and connecting members are also buried, which further increases the strength of the wall members.

[0019] In this way, the strength of the wall member can be increased, and it can reliably support the horizontal component of earth pressure for a long period of time, and even if an opening is formed in the wall member, cracks caused by stress concentration can be prevented.

[0020] The structural steel is preferably any one of an H-shaped steel, an I-shaped steel, a T-shaped steel, an angle steel, and a channel steel.

[0021] In addition, it is desirable that a support pillar be provided in the opening, which is arranged parallel to the H-shaped steel constituting the support pile and supports the opening beam from below. In this way, because the opening is supported by the supports, destruction of the opening is suppressed, and a retaining wall can be obtained in which cracks and the like do not occur in the wall members.

[0022] Furthermore, it is desirable that the support pillar comprises an H-shaped steel arranged parallel to the H-shaped steel constituting the support pile, and a plurality of stirrups surrounding the H-shaped steel and arranged in the vertical direction of the H-shaped steel, and that the H-shaped steel and the plurality of stirrups are embedded inside the support pillar with concrete. In this way, since the support pillars are made of H-shaped steel and the plurality of stirrups are embedded inside the support pillars with concrete, the strength of the support pillars can be further increased, and a retaining wall can be obtained in which cracks or the like do not occur in the wall members.

[0023] It is also preferable that the support pillar has a plurality of vertical reinforcing bars arranged along the H-shaped steel, the plurality of vertical reinforcing bars being bound to a plurality of stirrups arranged in the vertical direction of the H-shaped steel, and the H-shaped steel, the plurality of stirrups and the plurality of vertical reinforcing bars being embedded inside the support pillar with concrete. In this way, since the pillars are made of H-shaped steel, the plurality of stirrups, and the vertical reinforcing bars are embedded inside the pillars in concrete, the strength of the pillars can be further increased, and a retaining wall can be obtained in which cracks, etc. do not occur in the wall components. [Effects of the Invention]

[0024] According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a retaining wall in which the strength of the wall members is increased and cracks or the like do not occur in the wall members in which openings are formed, even when openings are formed in the wall members. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0025] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a front view of a retaining wall according to a first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a plan view of a partial area of ​​the retaining wall of FIG. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an upper part of cross section II in FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the lower part of cross section II in FIG. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the upper part of the II-II cross section of FIG. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 shows a first stirrup. [Figure 8] Figure 8(a) shows the second stirrup and (b) shows the third stirrup. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the width-retaining stripes shown in FIGS. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a front view of a retaining wall according to the second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the retaining wall of FIG. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a front view of a retaining wall according to a third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the retaining wall of FIG. [Figure 14] FIG. 14 is a front view of a retaining wall according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 15] FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG. [Figure 16] FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VV in FIG. [Figure 17]FIG. 17 is a view corresponding to FIG. 16 and is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which vertical reinforcing bars have been added. [Figure 18] FIG. 18 is a front view of a conventional retaining wall. [Figure 19] FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view showing a portion of the retaining wall of FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0026] (First embodiment) Hereinafter, embodiments of a retaining wall according to the present invention will be described with reference to Figs. 1 to 9. Fig. 1 is a front view of a retaining wall according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is a plan view of a partial region of the retaining wall of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the upper part of the retaining wall taken along section II of Fig. 2, and Fig. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the lower part of the retaining wall taken along section II of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of the upper part of the retaining wall taken along section II-II of Fig. 2. Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along section III-III of Fig. 1 (III-III of Fig. 2). Fig. 7 shows the first stirrup used in the first embodiment, and Fig. 8(a) shows the second stirrup used in the first embodiment, and Fig. 8(b) shows the third stirrup used in the first embodiment, and Fig. 9 shows a width stop bar used in the first embodiment. It should be noted that the drawings show one embodiment of the structure of a retaining wall, and the spacing and number of reinforcing bars can be changed as appropriate, and the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.

[0027] (Schematic configuration of retaining wall 1) As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the retaining wall 1 comprises support piles 2, structural steel 3, and a wall member 4. An opening 8, for example, of a rectangular shape, is formed in a part of the wall member 4. In this embodiment, as shown in Figures 1 and 6, the lower end of the opening 8 is positioned to align with the ground below (the ground outside the retaining wall 1), but the size and position of the opening 8 are not limited in the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the retaining wall 1 has a wall head portion 4a and a wall foot portion 4b provided above and below a wall main body portion 4c on the surface of the wall member 4 other than the surface on which the opening 8 is formed. Specifically, the wall head portions 4a are provided above and below the area other than the area where the opening 8 is formed. The wall foot portions 4b are also provided below the wall main body portion 4c from one end side to the other end side of the wall main body portion 4c in the area other than the area where the opening 8 is formed.

[0028] As shown in Figures 3 and 4, structural steel 3 is provided at the wall head portion 4a and the wall foot portion 4b. The channel steel 3 is fixed to the outer and inner surfaces of the upper end (wall head portion 4a) and lower end (wall foot portion 4b) of the H-shaped steel 6 corresponding to the wall member 4. The structural steel 3 is also provided on the outer surface between the upper end (wall head portion 4a) and lower end (wall foot portion 4b) of the H-shaped steel corresponding to the wall member. The structural steel 3 may be any of H-shaped steel, I-shaped steel, T-shaped steel, angle steel, and channel steel. In this embodiment, the figure shows a case where an L-shaped steel, which is one of angle steel, is used. Horizontal reinforcing bars 7a extending in the horizontal direction are provided on the upper surface of the structural steel 3. Furthermore, vertical reinforcing bars 7b are provided along the axis of the H-shaped steel 6 and extending in the vertical direction.

[0029] At the upper end (wall head 4a) and lower end (wall foot 4b), the H-shaped steel 6, the shaped steel 3, the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a, and the vertical reinforcing bars 7b are embedded inside with concrete. The wall main body 4c is formed integrally with the wall head 4a and the wall foot 4b as the wall member. In the wall main body 4c, the H-shaped steel 3, the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a, and the vertical reinforcing bars 7b are embedded in concrete between the upper and lower ends of the part of the H-shaped steel 6 that corresponds to the wall member 4.

[0030] Thus, the wall main body 4c of the wall member 4 is a so-called reinforced concrete (RC structure) in which the shaped steel 3, horizontal reinforcing bars 7a, and vertical reinforcing bars 7b are embedded in concrete. Meanwhile, the wall head 4a and wall base 4b of the wall member 4 are SRC structures with H-shaped steel 6, shaped steel 3, and reinforcing bars 7a, 7b embedded in concrete. In this way, the wall head and wall base are SRC structures with H-shaped steel, shaped steel, and reinforcing bars embedded in concrete, and function as a strong beam structure. This significantly improves the strength of the wall member, and can prevent distortion, destruction, collapse, and subsidence of the wall member due to earth pressure.

[0031] 3 and 4, in particular, in the wall head portion 4a and the wall foot portion 4b, the structural steel 3 is fixed to the outer and inner surfaces of the H-shaped steel 6, and in the wall main body portion 4c, the structural steel 3 is fixed to the outer surface 6 of the H-shaped steel. Therefore, the thickness Wa of the wall head portion 4a in the width direction (front-to-back direction of the wall) is greater than the thickness W of the wall main body portion 4c of the wall member 4. Similarly, the thickness Wb of the wall foot portion 4b in the width direction (front-to-back direction of the wall) is greater than the thickness W of the wall main body portion 4c of the wall member 4. That is, the wall head portion 4a and the wall foot portion 4b are shaped to protrude inward from the wall main body portion 4c of the wall member 4. As a result, the underside of the wall foot portion 4b of the wall member 4 has a surface shape (bottom surface shape) with a thickness Wb in the width direction (front-to-back direction of the wall) that is greater than the thickness of the wall main body portion 4c of the wall member 4, thereby better preventing subsidence, heaping, and consolidation sliding.

[0032] 6, the opening 8 formed in the wall main body 4c serves as an entrance and exit for a spatial structure 9 that can be used, for example, as a parking lot. The spatial structure 9 is not particularly limited, and the walls 9a, ceiling 9b, and floor 9c of the spatial structure 9 can be formed, for example, from a reinforced concrete structure. Alternatively, a prefabricated box-shaped structure (a secondary concrete product) that can be used as the walls 9a, ceiling 9b, and floor 9c, or, for example, a structure that meets building standards, an iron box, or the like, may be used as the spatial structure 9. Earth and sand S is placed on top of this spatial structure 9 to match the height of the ground above.

[0033] 1, an opening beam 4d is provided in the wall main body 4c instead of the wall head portion 4a, and serves as the upper side of the opening 8. In other words, the wall head portion 4a is not provided in the upper region of the opening 8, and the opening beam 4d having an RC structure is provided. Specifically, as shown in Fig. 1, a pair of H-shaped steels 6A, 6B are erected at both ends of the opening beam 4d. As shown in Fig. 6, shaped steels 3 are fixed to the outer and inner surfaces of the opening beam 4d at the portions corresponding to the wall members 4 of the H-shaped steels 6A, 6B. Horizontal reinforcing bars 7a extending horizontally are provided on the upper surfaces of these shaped steels 3. In other words, the opening beam 4d has a reinforced concrete structure in which the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a arranged between the H-shaped steels 6A, 6B are embedded in concrete.

[0034] Furthermore, when the height h1 of the wall main body 4e above the opening 8 (the height from the top surface of the opening beam 4d to the ground above) is low, for example, less than 1 m, the opening beam 4d, which is an RC structure made of steel bars and concrete, can adequately withstand the stress concentration of earth pressure acting on the opening beam 4d at the upper edge of the opening 8.

[0035] The retaining wall 1 constructed in this manner has an opening 8 in part of the wall member 1, and the beam structure of the opening beam portion 4d on its upper edge is an RC structure, so it can adequately withstand stress concentration at the opening 8 and can suppress the occurrence of cracks. In addition, the retaining wall 1 is a composite structure in which the support piles 2 and wall members 4 are integrated, and the horizontal component of the earth pressure received by the wall members 4 is transmitted via the structural steel 3 to the H-shaped steel 6 at the top of the support piles 2 and to the bottom of the support piles 2. In this case, the wall head 4a and wall foot 4b are of SRC structure as described above and function as a strong beam structure, so the strength of the wall member is significantly improved compared to a wall member of RC structure that does not have the wall head 4a and wall foot 4b, and it is possible to prevent the wall member from warping, breaking, falling, or sinking due to earth pressure.

[0036] Furthermore, each component of the retaining wall 1 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. (Support pile 2) As shown in Figure 1, the support pile 2 has a columnar portion 5 formed, for example, from cement milk or ready-mixed concrete in the ground, and an H-shaped steel beam 6 fixed to the columnar portion 5. The support pile 2 is fixed into the ground and its base is reinforced using the cement milk (ready-mixed concrete) method, and is installed so that the axis of the support pile 2 is vertical. The lower part of the H-shaped steel 6 is placed inside the column part 5, and the upper part of the H-shaped steel 6 is exposed from the column part 5. The cement milk is produced, for example, by mixing soil, water, cement, and a bentonite mixture in a mixing plant at a construction site. Ready-mix concrete is soft concrete that has been mixed in a factory but is delivered to a construction site in an unhardened state.

[0037] The lower ends of the support piles 2 are buried in the ground and the lowest ends are fixed to the supporting layer of the ground. As shown in Fig. 1, a plurality of the support piles 2 are installed in parallel at predetermined intervals along the wall surface of the wall member 4 to be formed. The interval L1 between the support piles 2 is, for example, 2000 mm. The portion of the H-shaped steel 6 where the wall member 4 is to be provided is exposed and not covered by the column portion 5 formed of cement milk or ready-mixed concrete. The wall member 4 is provided on the exposed portion of the H-shaped steel 6 via the shaped steel 3, as shown in Figures 3 and 4.

[0038] The H-shaped steel 6 is a shaped steel manufactured by hot rolling, and as shown in FIG. 2, has a web 6a and two flanges 6b and 6c that are parallel to each other. The H-shaped steel 6 is installed so that the plate surfaces of the flanges 6b and 6c are parallel to the wall surface of the wall member 4, as shown in FIGS. Standard products based on JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) or the like are used for the H-shaped steel 6. Note that a plurality of H-shaped steels 6 may be connected in the axial direction in one support pile 2. The H-shaped steels 6 can be joined together by, for example, high-strength bolts.

[0039] (shaped steel 3) 3 and 4, any of H-shaped steel, I-shaped steel, T-shaped steel, angle steel, and channel steel may be used as the structural steel 3. In this embodiment, for example, an L-shaped equal-leg angle steel (not limited to equal-leg angle steel, any angle steel may be used), is shown, and the structural steel 3 has a web 3a and one flange 3b formed on one end side of the web 3a. The shaped steel 3 is a shaped steel manufactured by hot rolling, and is a standard product based on JIS, for example. In the case of hot-rolled shaped steel, unlike cast shaped steel 3, the strength of the shaped steel 3 is stable and does not vary depending on the product.

[0040] As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the flange 3b of this structural steel 3 is joined and fixed to the H-shaped steel 6, and the web 3a is disposed in a cantilevered state so as to be almost horizontal. That is, one surface of the shaped steel 3 is joined and fixed to the H-shaped steel, and the shaped steel 3 is attached to the H-shaped steel in an L-shape when viewed from the side. The shaped steel 3 is fixed by welding or high-strength bolts. As a result, the H-shaped steel 6 and the shaped steel 3 are joined and fixed together through surface contact, and force is transmitted between the H-shaped steel 6 and the shaped steel 3 by surfaces. In the following description, the side of the H-shaped steel 6 where the wall main body 4c of the wall member 4 is arranged (flange 6b side) is referred to as the outer side, and the opposite side (flange 6c side) is referred to as the inner side.

[0041] Regarding the fixing of the support pile 2 and the structural steel 3, the flange 3b of the structural steel 3 is fixed to the flanges 6b and 6c of the H-shaped steel 6 of the support pile 2 so that they come into surface contact with each other. For example, the support pile 2 and the structural steel 3 are fixed to each other by arc welding. The components can be joined together by welding using a generator / welder that is commonly used at construction sites, and the structural steel 3 can be joined to the support pile 2 on-site quickly and easily. Furthermore, on-site welding makes it easy to adjust the height of the structural steel 3.

[0042] A percussion test is carried out to check whether the structural steel 3 is properly fixed to the support pile 2. At this time, the structural steel 3 is attached to the H-beam in an L-shape when viewed from the side, and the second flange (protrusion) of the channel steel as shown in Patent Document 1 is not formed, so it is possible to avoid dangers such as the hammer hitting the tip of the second flange, causing it to flow sideways and hit a worker.

[0043] The support pile 2 and the structural steel 3 may also be fixed to each other by joining them with high-strength bolts (not shown). The high-strength bolts are, for example, torsion-type high-strength bolts (S10T M22), and the tightening torque can be confirmed by the breakage of the pintails formed in advance at the tips, ensuring uniform attachment strength for multiple high-strength bolts. High-strength bolts are fastened using a shear wrench (for example, an ultra-short type). When fastening with high-strength bolts, the work can be done using only a generator.

[0044] In addition, on the outer surface (flange 6b side) of the H-shaped steel 6 between the upper end 6d and the lower end 6e of the part corresponding to the wall member 4 (the part corresponding to the wall main body part 4c of the wall member 4), a plurality of channel steels 3 are arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction of the H-shaped steel 6. Then, in each channel steel 3, force is transmitted between the support pile 2 and the wall member 4. The interval L2 between the channel steels 3 is, for example, about 200 mm to 300 mm.

[0045] As shown in FIG. 3, the H-shaped steel 6 has an upper end 6d of the portion corresponding to the wall member 4, on the outer surface side (flange 6b side) and the inner surface side (flange 6c side) thereof, on which the shaped steel 3 is provided. Similarly, as shown in Figure 4, structural steel 3 is provided on each of the outer surface side (flange 6b side) and inner surface side (flange 6c side) of the lower end portion 6e of the H-shaped steel 6 corresponding to the wall member 4. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 6, structural steel 3 is provided on each of the outer surface side (flange 6b side) and inner surface side (flange 6c side) of the opening beam 4d in the part of the H-shaped steel 6 corresponding to the wall member 4.

[0046] 3 and 4 show a case where two shaped steels 3 are provided on each of the outer surface (flange 6b side) and inner surface of the upper end 6d and lower end 6e of the H-shaped steel 6 in the portion corresponding to the wall member 4, along the axial direction of the H-shaped steel 6. Also, FIG. 6 shows a case where two shaped steels 3 are provided on each of the outer surface and inner surface of the opening beam 4d, along the axial direction of the H-shaped steel 6.

[0047] The structural steel 3 is joined and fixed to the H-shaped steel 6 of each support pile 2, and further buried inside the wall member 4 with concrete, so that the support pile 2 and the wall member 4 are integrated. Furthermore, at the upper end 6d and lower end 6e of the part of the H-shaped steel 6 corresponding to the wall member 4, the structural steel 3 is provided on the outer surface side (flange 6b side) and inner surface side (flange 6c side) of the H-shaped steel 6, respectively, to form the wall head portion 4a and wall foot portion 4b of the wall member 4. When viewed in vertical section avoiding the opening 8 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the wall member 4 is formed in a so-called U-shape by a wall head portion 4a and a wall foot portion 4b protruding from a wall main body portion 4c. Also, as shown in Figure 6, in the part of the H-shaped steel 6 corresponding to the upper edge position of the opening 8, the structural steel 3 is provided on the outer side (flange 6b side) and inner side (flange 6c side) of the H-shaped steel 6, respectively, to form an opening beam 4d.

[0048] When the height H (see FIG. 1) of the wall member 4 is, for example, 6000 mm, about 20 to 30 shaped steels 3 are installed on the outer surface (flange 6b side) of one H-shaped steel 6. It is desirable to vary the interval between the structural steels 3 depending on the earth pressure that the wall member 4 receives. For example, the interval L2 between the structural steels 3 in the lower part of the wall member 4 may be narrower than that in the upper part.

[0049] In addition, the structural steel 3 is joined and fixed to each support pile 2 (H-shaped steel 6) so that the horizontal height of all the support piles 2 (H-shaped steel 6) installed in parallel is the same.

[0050] (Rebar 7) As shown in Figures 2 to 4, the reinforcing bars 7 include horizontal reinforcing bars 7a, which are, for example, main reinforcing bars, extending in the horizontal direction, and vertical reinforcing bars 7b, which are, for example, distribution reinforcing bars, extending in the vertical direction. The horizontal reinforcing bars 7a have a diameter of, for example, D16 and are arranged horizontally on the structural steel 3. The horizontal reinforcing bars 7a are tied to the structural steel 3 and fixed to the structural steel 3. On the other hand, the vertical reinforcing bars 7b have a diameter of, for example, D13. The vertical reinforcing bars 7b are tied to the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a and fixed to the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a.

[0051] Since each horizontal reinforcing bar 7a is placed on a structural steel 3, the spacing between the vertical horizontal reinforcing bars 7a in the wall member 4 is equal to the spacing L2 between the structural steels 3 (see Figures 3 and 4), and is, for example, approximately 200 mm to 300 mm. The spacing L3 (see FIG. 3) between the horizontally extending vertical reinforcing bars 7b in the wall member 4 is, for example, about 200 mm to 300 mm. The horizontal reinforcing bars 7a and the vertical reinforcing bars 7b form a grid pattern inside the wall member 4.

[0052] 2 to 4, horizontal reinforcing bars 7a (7) of the wall member 4 are placed horizontally on the horizontal webs 3a of multiple structural steels 3 of the same height, and the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a (7) are tied to the structural steels 3. This enables force to be transmitted between the structural steels 3 and the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a (7) of the wall member 4, and the stress applied to the wall member 4 is reliably transmitted to the support piles 2 via the structural steels 3.

[0053] On the horizontal web 3a of the shaped steel 3, for example, two reinforcing bars 7a (7) of the wall member 4 are placed. Therefore, with the structural steel 3 fixed to the flanges 6b and 6c of the H-shaped steel 6 of the support pile 2, the reinforcing bar 7 placed on the web 3a of the structural steel 3 can be installed at a fixed position relative to the flange surface of the H-shaped steel 6.

[0054] Furthermore, when arranging the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a in the wall member 4, the reinforcing bars 7 can be arranged horizontally simply by placing the reinforcing bars 7a on multiple shaped steel bars 3, making the reinforcing bar arrangement easy. Furthermore, on the horizontal webs 3a of the shaped steel bars 3, it is easy to arrange the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a while maintaining a predetermined distance between them, so the spacing between the reinforcing bars 7 can be maintained accurately.

[0055] (1st, 2nd, 3rd stirrups 10, 11, 12) 3, 4, and 6, the wall head portion 4a, the wall foot portion 4b, and the opening beam 4d of the wall member 4 have first stirrups 10 arranged so as to surround the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a provided in the structural steel 3. As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of first stirrups 10 are provided in the wall head portion 4a, the wall foot portion 4b, and the opening beam 4d of the wall member 4 in the extension direction of the wall member 4.

[0056] Specifically, as shown in Fig. 3, the first stirrups 10 are provided so as to surround the entire horizontal reinforcing bars 7a across the inner and outer surfaces of the upper end of the H-shaped steel 6 corresponding to the wall member 4. Therefore, the first stirrups 10 have a rectangular shape that is long in the width direction of the wall member as shown in Fig. 7. Furthermore, as shown in Fig. 2, a plurality of first stirrups 10 are provided between a plurality of parallel H-shaped steels 6. When the spacing between the first stirrups 10 between the plurality of H-shaped steels 6 is 100 mm or less, for example, D10 is used, and when the spacing between the first stirrups 10 is more than 100 mm, for example, D13 is used.

[0057] Similarly, as shown in FIG. 4, the first stirrups 10 are arranged so as to surround the entire horizontal reinforcing bars 7a across the inner and outer surfaces of the lower end of the H-shaped steel 6 corresponding to the wall member 4, and further, as shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of first stirrups 10 are arranged between a plurality of H-shaped steels 6 arranged in parallel. As shown in Figs. 2 and 6, the first stirrups 10 are arranged to surround the entire horizontal reinforcing bars 7a of the opening beam 4d, and as shown in Fig. 2, a plurality of the first stirrups 10 are arranged in the extension direction of the opening beam 4d.

[0058] For example, D10 is used when the spacing of the first stirrups 10 between the H-shaped steel beams 6 is 100 mm or less, and for example, D13 is used when the spacing of the first stirrups 10 exceeds 100 mm. Furthermore, as shown in Figures 2 and 6, when the spacing between the first stirrups 10 in the opening beam 4d is 100 mm or less, for example, D10 is used, and when the spacing between the first stirrups 10 is more than 100 mm, for example, D13 is used.

[0059] The contact portions of the first stirrups 10 with the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a and the vertical reinforcing bars 7b are then joined by bundling. In this way, the first stirrups 10 are provided so as to surround the entire horizontal reinforcing bars 7a arranged on the outer and inner side structural steel bars 3 at each of the upper end 4a, the lower end 4b and the opening beam 4d, thereby improving the strength of the upper end 4a, the lower end 4b and the opening beam 4d of the wall member 6.

[0060] 2 to 5, in addition to the first stirrups 10, second stirrups 11 are arranged so as to entirely surround the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a arranged in the shaped steel 3 fixed to the outer surface of the exposed H-shaped steel 6. A plurality of the second stirrups 11 are arranged at each of the upper end 6d and the lower end 6e facing the H-shaped steel at predetermined intervals. Additionally, third stirrups 12 are arranged to entirely surround the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a arranged in the shaped steel 3 fixed to the inner surface of the exposed H-shaped steel 6. A plurality of third stirrups 12 are arranged at each of the upper end 6d and the lower end 6e, facing the H-shaped steel and spaced apart at predetermined intervals. As shown in Figures 8(a) and 8(b), the second stirrups 11 and the third stirrups 12 have a rectangular shape that is shorter in the width direction of the wall member 4 than the first stirrups 10. As the second stirrups 11 and the third stirrups 12, for example, D10 and D13 are used.

[0061] When the second stirrup 11 and the third stirrup 12 are placed close to the vertical reinforcing bars 7b, the second stirrup 11 and the third stirrup 12 are bound to the vertical reinforcing bars 7b and the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a. If the second stirrups 11 and the third stirrups 12 are not provided adjacent to the vertical reinforcing bars 7b, the second stirrups 11 and the third stirrups 12 are tied to the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a.

[0062] In this way, at each of the upper end 4a and the lower end 4b, the second stirrups 11 are provided so as to entirely surround the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a arranged on the outer surface, and the third stirrups 12 are provided so as to entirely surround the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a arranged in the channel steel 3 on the inner surface, thereby further improving the strength of the upper end 4a and the lower end 4b of the wall member 4. As shown in Figs. 2 and 6, the opening beam 4d has a structure including horizontal reinforcing bars 7a and first stirrups 10 arranged so as to surround the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a.

[0063] (First width stop bar 15, second width stop bar 16) As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of first width stop bars 15 and a plurality of second width stop bars 16 are provided between a plurality of H-shaped steel beams 6 provided in parallel. The first width-retaining bars 15 and the second width-retaining bars 16 are arranged between the vertical reinforcing bars 7b and are provided on the horizontal reinforcing bar side close to the H-shaped steel 6.

[0064] As shown in FIG. 9, the first width-retaining bars 15 and the second width-retaining bars 16 are reinforcing bars with U-shaped ends. In addition, the first width stop bars 15 and the second width stop bars 16 are tied to the upper and lower horizontal reinforcing bars 7a arranged on the structural steel 3 provided in the vertical direction on the outer and inner sides, which are arranged on the H-shaped steel 6 side, and the first stirrups 10.

[0065] Here, width stop bars refer to reinforcing bars placed in the direction of the main bars in the middle part of the beam to ensure the shape of the stirrups. Note that first width stop bars 15 and second width stop bars 16 are provided not only at the upper end 6d of the H-shaped steel 6 shown in Fig. 5 but also at the opening beam 4d and the lower end 6e as shown in Fig. 6. The width stop bars 15, 16 at the lower end 6e are arranged in the same manner as at the upper end 6d of the H-shaped steel 6.

[0066] In this way, by using the first width-retaining reinforcement 15 and the second width-retaining reinforcement 16, the strength of the wall member can be increased, and it can reliably support the horizontal component of earth pressure for a long period of time. In addition, the strength of the opening beam 4d can be increased.

[0067] (Wall component 4) As described above, the wall member 4 is in contact with the soil and receives the horizontal component of earth pressure. The wall member 4 is composed of a wall head portion 4a, a wall foot portion 4b, a wall body portion 4c between the wall head portion 4a and the wall foot portion 4b, and an opening beam 4d on the upper edge of an opening 8 formed in the wall body portion 4c. The wall member 4 is installed along a plurality of support piles 2 arranged in parallel, as shown in Figure 1. The wall surface of the wall member 4 is formed perpendicular to the horizontal plane as shown in Figures 3 and 4. The thickness of the wall member 4 is determined depending on the earth pressure that the wall member 4 will be subjected to.

[0068] The thickness W of the wall member 4 is, for example, about 200 mm to 250 mm. The thickness W of the wall member 4 depends on the height of the surface of the wall member 4. For example, if the height of the surface of the wall member 4 is 3 m, the thickness W of the wall member 4 is set to 250 mm. Furthermore, if the thickness of the H-shaped steel 6 is 400 mm, the thickness Wa of the wall head 4a, the thickness Wb of the wall foot 4b, and the thickness Wc of the opening beam 4d are, for example, about 600 mm to 650 mm.

[0069] As mentioned above, the wall member 4 has a structural steel 3 buried inside it and is integrated with the support pile 2, and when it receives the horizontal component of the earth pressure, it transmits the force to the support pile 2 via the structural steel 3, which is a structural steel arranged inside.

[0070] As described above, the wall main body 4c (the area between the wall head 4a and the wall base 4b, excluding the opening 8) is made of reinforced concrete (RC structure) with reinforcing bars 7 arranged inside the concrete. The wall head 4a and wall base 4b have a so-called SRC (Steel Reinforced Concrete) structure, since the H-shaped steel 6, the shaped steel 3, the reinforcing bars 7, and the stirrups 10 are embedded in concrete. Furthermore, because the wall head 4a and wall foot 4b of the wall member 4 can be made of a high-strength beam structure, the strength of the wall member is significantly improved, making it possible to prevent the wall member from warping due to earth pressure, breaking due to shear failure, or tipping over. Furthermore, by making the opening beam 4d on the upper edge of the opening 8 a high-strength beam structure, it is possible to prevent cracks and the like caused by stress concentration on the opening 8.

[0071] As shown in FIG. 4, the wall base 4b of the wall member 4 is installed and embedded to a position (underground) below the ground surface on the lower side of the step portion. As described above, the wall foot 4b of the wall member 4 is a high-strength beam structure, and the lower surface of the wall foot 4b of the wall member 4 is formed into a surface shape (width Wb) whose length in the width direction (front-to-back direction of the wall) is greater than the thickness W of the wall main body portion 4c of the wall member 4.

[0072] Therefore, by installing the planar wall foot 4b with a large length (width Wb) in the width direction (front-to-back direction of the wall) underground, it is possible to prevent subsidence and heaving that may occur depending on the properties of the ground. Also, by adjusting the embedment depth, it is possible to prevent the soil above the stepped part of the land (back soil) from passing under the retaining wall 1 due to consolidation settlement and pushing up the excavated bottom ground below the stepped part (arc slide). As shown in Figure 4, the wall base 4b of the wall member 4 to be installed underground can be installed more stably by placing it on basal concrete 14 formed on top of the ground that has been solidified with crushed stone 13.

[0073] (Opening) As described above, the lower end of the opening 8 is positioned to be aligned with the ground below, but the size and position of the opening 8 are determined according to its intended use. For example, when opening 8 is used as an entrance / exit for a parking lot, the width dimension is determined to be at least larger than the width of the vehicle to be parked, and the height dimension is determined to be larger than the height of the vehicle. At the back of opening 8, a spatial structure 9 having the determined width dimension, height dimension, and depth dimension longer than the overall length of the vehicle is placed. The opening 8 does not have to be one, but may be multiple. Also, it does not have to be in the center of the wall member 4, but may be on the left or right side. Additionally, an opening beam 4d is disposed on the upper side of the opening 8. As described above, the opening beam 4d has a reinforced concrete structure in which horizontal reinforcing bars 7a are disposed between the H-shaped steel beams 6A and 6B and embedded in concrete.

[0074] (Construction method of retaining wall 1) Next, a method for constructing a retaining wall according to this embodiment will be described. The method for constructing a retaining wall is basically the same as the construction method described in Patent Document 1, except for the parts where the wall head 4a, wall base 4b, opening 8, and opening beam 4d are formed. First, the support piles 2 are erected at the site. The support piles 2 are erected using a pre-boring and cement milk (ready mixed concrete) injection and compaction method. Note that, since an opening 8 is formed between each pair of adjacent support piles 2, the spacing between the pair of support piles 2 may differ from the spacing between the other support piles 2.

[0075] The pile core is determined by marking a steel piece called a ruler, which serves as a marker for the installation position of the H-beam 6, and the auger (drill) of the construction machinery used for installation is set based on the markings. The auger then drills a hole to the specified depth, and the auger is pulled out at the same speed as when drilling, and cement milk (ready-mixed concrete) is poured in while the soil is removed outside. This prevents the pressure of the cement milk (ready-mixed concrete) from collapsing the wall of the drilled hole.

[0076] Next, the H-shaped steel 6 is lifted by the construction machine, moved to the top of the borehole, and erected in the borehole. If it is necessary to excavate in front of the support pile 2 after erecting it on sloping ground, etc., cross piles can be buried in the ground between the support piles 2 and stacked vertically before excavation, and then the front side of the support pile 2 can be excavated in the same way as in the construction method for temporary retaining walls.

[0077] After the erection of the plurality of support piles 2 is completed, the structural steel 3 is fixed to the support piles 2. First, the fixing position of the structural steel 3 is determined on the flange of the support pile 2 by marking out. The structural steel 3 is fixed by welding or high-strength bolts. After the fixing position of the structural steel 3 is determined on-site, the structural steel 3 is fixed by welding or high-strength bolts. Whether the structural steel 3 is properly fixed to the support pile 2 is inspected by impact testing.

[0078] After all the structural steels 3 have been fixed to the support piles 2, the reinforcement work to form the wall members 4 is carried out. The horizontal reinforcing bars 7a can be placed on the L-shaped structural steels 3, making the work easy. Furthermore, vertical reinforcing bars 7b are placed between the structural steels 3, parallel to the axis of the H-shaped steel 6. Here, the arrangement of the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a and vertical reinforcing bars 7b is determined taking into consideration the installation position of the opening 8. In other words, the reinforcing bars 7a and 7b are not placed in the area of ​​the opening 8. The reinforcing bars 7 of the wall member 4 are then arranged by bundling the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a with the channel steel 3 and bundling the vertical reinforcing bars 7b with the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a.

[0079] Furthermore, first stirrups 10 are arranged so as to surround the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a across the inner and outer surfaces of the upper end 6d of the H-shaped steel 6 in the portion corresponding to the wall member 4. As shown in Fig. 2, a plurality of first stirrups 10 at the upper end 6d are arranged between the plurality of H-shaped steels 6 arranged in parallel. In addition, first stirrups 10 are arranged so as to surround the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a across the inner and outer surfaces of the lower end 6e of the H-shaped steel 6 in the portion corresponding to the wall member 4. A plurality of first stirrups 10 at the lower end 6e are arranged between the plurality of H-shaped steels 6 arranged in parallel. 6, in order to form an opening beam 4d along the upper side of the opening 8, first stirrups 10 are arranged in a pair of H-shaped steels 6A, 6B located on the left and right sides of the opening 8 so as to surround the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a across the inner and outer surfaces near the top of the opening 8. A plurality of first stirrups 10 near the top of the opening 8 are arranged between the pair of H-shaped steels 6A, 6B. Furthermore, the first width-retaining bars 15 and the second width-retaining bars 16 are arranged between the vertical reinforcing bars 7b and are disposed on the horizontal reinforcing bar side close to the H-shaped steel 6.

[0080] Where vertical reinforcing bars 7b exist, the first stirrups 10, horizontal reinforcing bars 7a and vertical reinforcing bars 7b are bundled together. Furthermore, where there are no vertical reinforcing bars 7b (where the first width stop bars 15 and the second width stop bars 16 are present), the first width stop bars 15 and the second width stop bars 16 are upper and lower horizontal reinforcing bars 7a arranged on the structural steel 3 provided in the vertical direction on the outer and inner sides, and are tied to the reinforcing bars 7a arranged on the H-shaped steel 6 side.

[0081] Furthermore, as shown in Fig. 2, a plurality of second stirrups 11 and third stirrups 12 are provided opposite the H-shaped steel 6. The second stirrups 11 and the third stirrups 12 are tied to the vertical reinforcing bars 7b and the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a, and when there are no vertical reinforcing bars 7b, they are tied to the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a. In this way, by providing the second stirrups 11 and the third stirrups 12, the strength of the upper end portion 4a and the lower end portion 4b of the wall member 4 can be further improved.

[0082] Next, the concrete portion of the wall member 4 is formed. The wall members 4 are formed by cast-in-place concrete. That is, formwork is erected, concrete is poured, and the formwork is removed after the required concrete strength is ensured. This completes the retaining wall 1 structure, in which the wall members 4 are integrated with the support piles 2.

[0083] As described above, according to this embodiment, the opening beam 4d has an RC structure in which reinforcing bars 7 are embedded in concrete, and functions as a strong beam structure. This improves the strength of the wall member 4 and the opening 8 formed therein, making it possible to prevent distortion and breakage of the wall member 4 and suppress the occurrence of cracks due to stress concentration at the opening 8. Furthermore, the wall member 4 made of reinforced concrete receives the horizontal component of earth pressure and transmits the force to the support piles 2 via the structural steel 3, which is a shaped steel placed inside. The retaining wall 1 has a composite structure in which the support piles 2, which are H-shaped steel, and the wall member 4 (wall main body 4c), which is reinforced concrete (RC structure), are integrated. Therefore, it can reliably support the horizontal component of earth pressure for a long period of time.

[0084] In the above embodiment, the structural steel 3 is L-shaped (angle steel) having a web 3a and one flange 3b formed on one end side of the web 3a, but in the present invention, the shape of the structural steel 3 is not limited to this form. For example, the web portion of a channel steel having a U-shaped cross section with flanges on both the left and right sides of the web may be joined in surface contact with the flange of the H-shaped steel 6, and reinforcing bars may be placed in the flange portion.

[0085] (Second embodiment) Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. Fig. 10 is a front view of a retaining wall according to the second embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the retaining wall of Fig. 10. In Fig. 10 and Fig. 11, the same components of the wall member 4 as those described in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

[0086] In the first embodiment, a case where the height h1 of the wall main body portion 4e above the opening 8 (the height from the top surface of the opening beam 4d to the ground above) is low, for example, less than 1 m, is described, whereas in the second embodiment, a case where the height h1 of the wall main body portion 4e above the opening 8 is 1 m or more is described. This second embodiment is characterized in that a wall head portion 4a and an opening beam 4d are provided in the area above the opening 8, as shown in Figures 10 and 11, thereby further improving the strength of the wall main body portion 4e above the opening 8.

[0087] Such a two-stage beam structure in the region above the opening 8 is effective when the height h1 of the wall main body 4e is 1 m or more. That is, when the height h1 of the wall main body 4e above the opening 8 is large, the weight of the soil S placed on the spatial structure 9 becomes larger than in the first embodiment. As a result, the earth pressure acting on the opening 8 also becomes larger, but the two-stage RC beam structure (wall head 4a, opening beam 4d) in the region above the opening 8 can suppress the occurrence of cracks due to the concentration of stress acting on the opening 8.

[0088] (Third embodiment) Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. Fig. 12 is a front view of a retaining wall according to the third embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the retaining wall of Fig. 12. In Figs. 12 and 13, the same components as those of the wall member 4 described in the second embodiment shown in Figs. 10 and 11 are designated by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

[0089] As shown in Figures 12 and 13, the retaining wall 1 has a wall head portion 4a and a wall foot portion 4b, as in the second embodiment, and this third embodiment is characterized in that a connecting member 17 is provided at the upper end of the wall head portion 4a to connect the H-shaped steel beams 6 that make up the support piles to each other.

[0090] The connecting member 17 is provided to prevent the H-shaped steel 6 from tilting. That is, the H-shaped steel 6 is lifted by construction machinery, moved to the top of the borehole, and set into the borehole. The H-shaped steel 6 is then fixed in the borehole with cement milk. At this time, if even one of the multiple H-shaped steels 6 tilts, it becomes difficult to form the wall head portion 4a, wall foot portion 4b, and wall body portion 4c. To prevent this from happening, connecting members 17 are provided.

[0091] As described above, the connecting member 17 is disposed at the head of the wall, extends laterally from the wall main body portion 4 c, and is fixed to the upper ends of the plurality of H-shaped steel beams 6 . The connecting member 17 is not particularly limited as long as it can prevent tilting of the H-shaped steel 6. For example, H-shaped steel, I-shaped steel, T-shaped steel, angle steel (isolateral angle steel), channel steel, or other steel material conforming to JIS standards can be used as the connecting member 17. The fixing is performed by welding the connecting member 17 to the H-beam 6 or by using bolts. In this way, by connecting the H-shaped steel 6 to each other using the connecting member 17, the tilt of the H-shaped steel 6 is suppressed, and the wall head portion 4a, wall foot portion 4b, and wall main body portion 4c can be formed with high precision.

[0092] Furthermore, the opening beam 4d is provided with a connecting member 18 that connects the left and right H-shaped steels 6A and 6B adjacent to the opening 8 to each other. The connecting member 18 is disposed on the opening beam 4d, extends in the lateral direction of the wall main body portion 4c, and is connected to the left and right H-shaped steels 6A and 6B adjacent to the opening portion 8. This connecting member 18 is not particularly limited as long as it can prevent tilting of the H-shaped steel 6. As with the connecting member 17, for example, H-shaped steel, I-shaped steel, T-shaped steel, angle steel (isoles angle steel), channel steel, or other steel material conforming to JIS standards can be used for this connecting member 18. The fixing is performed by welding the connecting member 18 to the H-shaped steels 6A, 6B or by using bolts.

[0093] In this way, by connecting the H-shaped steels 6 to each other using the connecting member 18, the tilt of the H-shaped steels 6A, 6B can be suppressed, and the wall head portion 4a, wall foot portion 4b, and wall main body portion 4c can be formed with high precision. In particular, by providing a connecting member 18 to the opening beam 4d, the opening beam 4d has an SRC structure in which the connecting member 18 and steel bars are embedded in concrete, thereby improving its strength and more effectively suppressing the occurrence of cracks caused by stress concentration at the opening 8.

[0094] Also, at the portion of the wall foot portion 4b corresponding to the opening 8, a connecting member 19 that connects the left and right H-shaped steels 6A, 6B adjacent to the opening 8 to each other is provided. The connecting member 19 is disposed on the wall foot portion 4b, extends laterally from the wall main body portion 4c, and is connected to the left and right H-shaped steels 6A and 6B adjacent to the opening 8. Like the connecting members 17 and 18, the connecting member 19 is not particularly limited as long as it can prevent tilting of the H-shaped steel 6. As with the connecting members 17 and 18, the connecting member 19 can be made of, for example, an H-shaped steel, an I-shaped steel, a T-shaped steel, an angle steel (isolateral angle steel), a channel steel, or any other steel material conforming to JIS standards. The fixing is performed by welding the connecting member 18 to the H-shaped steels 6A and 6B or by using bolts.

[0095] In this way, by connecting the H-shaped steels 6 to each other using the connecting member 19, the tilt of the H-shaped steels 6A, 6B can be suppressed, and the wall head portion 4a, wall foot portion 4b, and wall main body portion 4c can be formed with high precision. In particular, by providing the connecting member 19, the wall base 4b corresponding to the opening 8 has an SRC structure in which the connecting member 19 and steel bars are embedded in concrete, thereby improving strength and more effectively suppressing the occurrence of cracks caused by stress concentration at the opening 8.

[0096] In the above embodiment, the connecting members 17, 18, and 19 are described as being provided on the outside of the H-shaped steel (the side of the wall main body 4c), but as shown in Figure 13, the connecting members 17A, 18A, and 19A may also be provided on the inside of the H-shaped steel (the side opposite the wall main body 4c). Both or either of the connecting members 17 and 17A may be provided. Similarly, both or either of the connecting members 18 and 18A may be provided. Furthermore, both or either of the connecting members 19 and 19A may be provided. If both of these connecting members 17 and 17A, or both of these connecting members 18 and 18A, or both of these connecting members 19 and 19A are provided, the strength of the wall head 4a, the wall foot 4b, and the opening beam 4d can be improved, and the strength of the wall member 4 can be improved.

[0097] (Fourth embodiment) Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described. Fig. 14 is a front view of a retaining wall according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV in Fig. 14. Fig. 16 is a cross-sectional view taken along line V-V in Fig. 15. In Figs. 14, 15, and 16, the same components as those of the wall member 4 described in the first, second, and third embodiments are designated by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

[0098] In the above third embodiment, a case was described in which the opening beam 4d is provided with a connecting member 18 that connects the left and right H-shaped steels 6A, 6B adjacent to the opening 8 to each other. However, in this fourth embodiment, the connecting member 18B (18) is characterized in that it extends beyond the left and right H-shaped steels 6A, 6B to both ends of the wall main body portion 4c. By providing the connecting member 18B (18) on the inside of the H-shaped steel 6 (inside the wall main body portion 4c), the connecting member 18B (18) can be extended to both ends of the wall main body portion 4c without interfering with the arrangement of the vertical reinforcing bars 7b. Furthermore, the connecting member 19B (19) may be extended to both ends of the wall main body portion 4c, similar to the connecting member 18B (18).

[0099] In this fourth embodiment, the first stirrups 10 are provided at the upper end 4a, the lower end 4b and the opening beam 4d so as to surround the entire transverse reinforcing bars 7a arranged in the outer and inner side structural steels 3 and the connecting members 17B, 18B and 19B. In this way, the first stirrups 10 are arranged to surround the connecting members 17B, 18B, and 19B, thereby further improving the strength of the upper end 4a of the wall member 6, the lower end 4b, and the opening beam 4d.

[0100] In the above embodiment, it has been described that isosceles angle steel (or angle steel) and channel steel can be used as the connecting members, but for example, H-shaped steel may also be used as the connecting members. This isosceles angle steel (or angle steel), channel steel, and H-shaped steel can be used for any of the connecting members 17, 17A, 18, 18A, 18B, 19, and 19A.

[0101] 15, this embodiment is characterized in that a support pillar P is provided in the opening 8, which is arranged parallel to the H-shaped steel constituting the support pile and supports the opening beam 4d from below. Note that the support pillar P may be extended not only to the opening beam 4d but also to the upper end of the wall member 4. When the support pillar P is extended in this manner, the strength of the wall member 4 itself can be further increased.

[0102] As shown in FIG. 14, the support pillar P is configured to support the opening beam 4d from below at least in the center of the opening 8. As shown in FIG. 16 , the pillar P includes an H-shaped steel 6 arranged parallel to the H-shaped steel constituting the support pile, and a plurality of stirrups 22 that surround the H-shaped steel 6 and are welded to the H-shaped steel 6 (welding is performed at the corners of the H-shaped steel 6 as welding points 21), and are arranged in the vertical direction of the H-shaped steel, and the H-shaped steel 6 and the plurality of stirrups 22 are embedded inside the pillar P with concrete C. This support P has an SRC structure because the H-shaped steel 6 and the plurality of stirrups 22 are embedded inside the support P with concrete, which further improves its strength.

[0103] 17, the pillar P may include a plurality of vertical reinforcing bars 23 arranged along the H-shaped steel 6, and the plurality of vertical reinforcing bars 23 may be bound to a plurality of stirrups 22 arranged in the vertical direction of the H-shaped steel 6, and the H-shaped steel 6, the plurality of stirrups 22, and the plurality of vertical reinforcing bars 23 may be buried inside the pillar P with concrete C. In this case, the strength is further improved because the vertical reinforcing bars 23 are buried. In this case, the H-shaped steel 6 and the stirrups 22 may be welded, but they do not have to be welded. It is preferable to connect the connecting member 18B (18) and the H-shaped steel 6 that constitutes the support P by a fixing means such as welding, and by connecting the two, the strength of the wall member can be improved. [Explanation of symbols]

[0104] 1. Retaining wall 2 Support pile 3 Channel steel 3a Web 3b flange 4 Wall components 4a wall head 4b Wall foot 4c Wall body 4d opening beam 5 Columnar part 6 H-shaped steel 7. Reinforced concrete 7a Horizontal reinforcing bars 7b Longitudinal reinforcing bars 8 Openings 10 First stirrup 11 Second stirrup 12 Third Stirrup 15 First width stopper 16 Second width stopper 17 Connecting member 18 Connecting member 19 Connecting members

Claims

1. A retaining wall that receives a horizontal component of earth pressure by wall members, A plurality of support piles; A wall main body portion formed as the wall member integrally with the support pile, in which at least horizontal reinforcing bars extending in the horizontal direction and vertical reinforcing bars extending in the vertical direction are embedded in concrete; one or more openings formed in the wall body; an opening beam formed along an upper edge of the opening and having at least the horizontal reinforcing bars embedded therein by concrete; A retaining wall comprising:

2. The opening beam is formed along the upper side of the opening, and at least the horizontal reinforcing bars are embedded inside with concrete. The retaining wall according to claim 1, characterized in that it is formed at least up to the H-shaped steel adjacent to the opening.

3. 3. The retaining wall according to claim 2, wherein the opening beams are formed to extend to both ends of the wall body.

4. In an area other than the area above the opening at the upper end of the wall member, A retaining wall as described in claim 1, characterized in that it has a wall head in which the H-shaped steel, horizontal reinforcing bars, and vertical reinforcing bars that constitute the support piles are buried inside with concrete.

5. In a region including a region above the opening at the upper end of the wall member, A retaining wall as described in claim 1, characterized in that it has a wall head in which the H-shaped steel, horizontal reinforcing bars, and vertical reinforcing bars that constitute the support piles are buried inside with concrete.

6. 2. The retaining wall according to claim 1, further comprising stirrups arranged on the opening beam so as to surround the horizontal reinforcing bars, the stirrups being embedded inside the wall member with concrete.

7. The retaining wall according to claim 6, characterized in that the stirrups arranged on the opening beam are tied to horizontal reinforcing bars and width stop bars tied to the horizontal reinforcing bars arranged above and below.

8. 6. A retaining wall according to claim 4 or claim 5, characterized in that said wall head is provided with connecting members for connecting H-shaped steel beams constituting the support piles to each other.

9. 2. The retaining wall according to claim 1, wherein the opening beam is provided with a connecting member that connects the left and right H-shaped steels adjacent to the opening to each other.

10. A wall foot is provided at the lower end of the wall member, in which H-shaped steel, horizontal reinforcing bars, and vertical reinforcing bars constituting the support pile are embedded in concrete, A retaining wall as described in claim 1, characterized in that a connecting member is provided at the wall foot in the area below the opening to connect the left and right H-shaped steel beams adjacent to the opening to each other.

11. At least two shaped steel beams are provided in the vertical direction at the upper end and lower end of the portion of the H-shaped steel corresponding to the wall member and at the outer surface side and inner surface side of the opening beam, 7. A retaining wall as described in claim 6, characterized in that it comprises stirrups arranged at the upper and lower ends of the H-shaped steel corresponding to the wall member and at least two structural steels fixed to the outer and inner sides of the opening beam, respectively, so as to surround the horizontal reinforcing bars arranged at the upper and lower ends of the H-shaped steel and the opening beam.

12. A retaining wall as described in claim 11, characterized in that a connecting member is provided at the upper end to connect the H-shaped steel beams that constitute the support piles to each other, and the stirrups are arranged to surround the horizontal reinforcing bars and the connecting member.

13. A retaining wall as described in claim 12, characterized in that a connecting member is provided at the upper end to connect the H-shaped steel beams that constitute the support piles to each other, and the stirrups are arranged to surround the horizontal reinforcing bars and the connecting member.

14. The retaining wall according to claim 11, characterized in that the opening beam is provided with a connecting member that connects the left and right H-shaped steels adjacent to the opening to each other, and the stirrups are arranged to surround the horizontal reinforcing bars and the connecting member.

15. The retaining wall according to claim 11, wherein the structural steel is any one of an H-shaped steel, an I-shaped steel, a T-shaped steel, an angle steel, and a channel steel.

16. A retaining wall as described in claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with a support pillar that supports the opening beam from below, arranged parallel to the H-shaped steel that constitutes the support pile in the opening.

17. The support pillars are The support pile is provided with an H-shaped steel provided in parallel with the H-shaped steel constituting the support pile, and a plurality of stirrups covering the periphery of the H-shaped steel and provided in the vertical direction of the H-shaped steel, 17. The retaining wall according to claim 16, wherein the H-shaped steel and the plurality of stirrups are embedded inside the support pillars with concrete.

18. The support pillars are 17. The retaining wall according to claim 16, further comprising a plurality of vertical reinforcing bars arranged along the H-shaped steel, the plurality of vertical reinforcing bars being bound to a plurality of stirrups arranged in the vertical direction of the H-shaped steel, and the H-shaped steel, the plurality of stirrups and the plurality of vertical reinforcing bars being embedded inside the support with concrete.

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