Bridge, and manufacturing method of bridge

Abstract

To provide a bridge capable of reducing the size by thinning the same, and a manufacturing method of the bridge.SOLUTION: A bridge according to one embodiment is a bridge 1 that extends in a first direction D1 and a second direction D2 crossing the first direction D1. The bridge 1 comprises a bridge girder extending in the first direction D1, a plurality of floor slab blocks 10 placed on the bridge girder and arranged side by side along the first direction D1, and connection members 20 connecting the plurality of floor slab blocks 10 to each other. The plurality of floor slab blocks 10 have through holes penetrating in the first direction D1. The connection members 20 connect the plurality of floor slab blocks 10 to each other in a state of being inserted through the through holes of the plurality of floor slab blocks 10.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to bridges and methods for manufacturing bridges. [Background technology]

[0002] Patent Document 1 describes a temporary bridge. The temporary bridge is constructed to bridge an opening formed between a pair of landslide prevention members aligned horizontally. A tension beam is provided between the pair of landslide prevention members. The temporary bridge has a number of blocks arranged in series and a pair of leg blocks arranged at each end of the blocks.

[0003] When viewed from the horizontal direction, the pair of leg blocks and the plurality of blocks have an arch shape. The pair of leg blocks and the plurality of blocks each have a curved upper surface. The blocks are made of wood, resin, fiber-reinforced composite material, or lightweight metal.

[0004] A nylon belt is placed underneath the blocks and leg blocks as a connecting means. The material and cross-sectional area of ​​the nylon belt are determined so that it has sufficient tensile strength to withstand the weight of vehicles passing over the temporary bridge. The blocks are fixed to the nylon belt with embedded inserts and fastening hardware such as bolts. The nylon belt is placed across the entire underside of multiple blocks. Multiple inserts are embedded in the underside of each block, close to the adjacent blocks. The nylon belt is fixed to the blocks via inserts, bolts, nuts, and washers. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-55906 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] In the temporary bridge described above, nylon belts are stretched underneath the deck blocks as connecting means, connecting multiple deck blocks to each other. The cross-sectional area of ​​the nylon belts is determined so that they have sufficient tensile strength to withstand the weight of vehicles passing over the temporary bridge.

[0007] When connecting members, such as the nylon belts mentioned above, are placed on the outer surface of the deck blocks, the bridge itself may become thick depending on the thickness of the connecting members, leaving room for improvement in the bridge's design. Furthermore, bridges are often crossed by cables and piping, such as infrastructure cables and piping, and if a bridge is thick and additional cables and piping are added, the bridge's design may be compromised. Therefore, bridges with multiple deck blocks are required to be thin and compact.

[0008] The present disclosure aims to provide a bridge that can be made thin and compact, and a method for manufacturing the bridge. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] (1) A bridge according to the present disclosure extends in a first direction and a second direction intersecting the first direction. The bridge includes bridge girders extending in the first direction, a plurality of deck blocks placed on the girders and aligned along the first direction, and connecting members connecting the plurality of deck blocks to one another. The plurality of deck blocks have through holes that pass through in the first direction. The connecting members are passed through the through holes of the plurality of deck blocks to connect the plurality of deck blocks to one another.

[0010] This bridge has a bridge girder extending in a first direction, multiple deck blocks with through-holes extending in the first direction, and connecting members connecting the multiple deck blocks to each other above the bridge girder. The multiple deck blocks are arranged along the first direction while placed on the bridge girder. At this time, the through-holes of the multiple deck blocks extend in the first direction, and connecting members can be passed through the multiple through-holes extending in the first direction. Therefore, connecting members can be passed through the through-holes of the multiple deck blocks, and the multiple deck blocks can be connected by the connecting members passed through the multiple through-holes. Therefore, since connecting members do not need to be placed on the surface, such as the underside of the deck blocks, the bridge can be made thinner and more compact. Furthermore, since the multiple deck blocks can be connected by passing connecting members through the multiple through-holes, the connecting members can be hidden. This improves the design of the bridge.

[0011] (2) In the above (1), the bridge girder may be a plurality of hollow tubes. Each of the plurality of hollow tubes may have an insertion space through which at least one of cables and piping can be passed in a first direction. In this case, at least one of cables and piping can be passed through the hollow tube functioning as the bridge girder. Therefore, even when infrastructure cables and infrastructure piping are passed through the bridge, the infrastructure cables and infrastructure piping can be hidden within the insertion space. This prevents the cables and piping from being exposed, which would otherwise detract from the design of the bridge.

[0012] (3) In the above (1) or (2), the bridge may include a shear stopper member that fits between two deck blocks aligned along the first direction. The shear stopper member may suppress the shifting of the multiple deck blocks in the first direction while being fitted between the two deck blocks. In this case, the shear stopper member fitting between the two deck blocks aligned along the first direction can prevent the deck blocks from shifting.

[0013] (4) In any of the above (1) to (3), the bridge girder may be a plurality of hollow tubes, and the bridge may include a connecting member that connects the plurality of hollow tubes to each other below the plurality of deck blocks. In this case, the plurality of hollow tubes located below the plurality of deck blocks are connected to each other via the connecting member. Therefore, the plurality of hollow tubes can be connected to each other and firmly held.

[0014] (5) In any of (1) to (4) above, the bridge may include a plurality of deck blocks, a plurality of block groups arranged along the first direction, and a plurality of connecting members. Each of the plurality of connecting members may be inserted through a through-hole in a plurality of deck blocks constituting one block group to connect the plurality of deck blocks in the block group to one another. In this case, the plurality of deck blocks are connected to one another with one connecting member inserted through a through-hole in the block group. Therefore, the plurality of deck blocks can be connected firmly and efficiently.

[0015] (6) A bridge manufacturing method according to the present disclosure is a method for manufacturing a bridge extending in a first direction and a second direction intersecting the first direction. The bridge manufacturing method includes the steps of: using a 3D printer to fabricate a plurality of deck blocks each having through-holes that penetrate in the first direction; arranging the plurality of deck blocks along the first direction on a bridge girder that extends in the first direction; and connecting the plurality of deck blocks to one another by passing connecting members through the through-holes of the plurality of deck blocks.

[0016] In this bridge manufacturing method, each of the multiple deck blocks is produced using a 3D printer. Therefore, multiple deck blocks with complex shapes can be easily produced using a 3D printer, allowing multiple deck blocks to be connected to efficiently produce a bridge with a good design. The multiple deck blocks have through-holes that extend in a first direction, and connecting members are passed through the multiple through-holes that extend in the first direction. Therefore, connecting members can be passed through the through-holes of the multiple deck blocks, and the multiple deck blocks can be connected by the connecting members passed through the multiple through-holes. As a result, since there is no need to place connecting members on the surface, such as the underside of the deck blocks, the bridge can be made thinner and more compact. Since the multiple deck blocks can be connected by passing connecting members through the multiple through-holes, the connecting members can be hidden. Therefore, the design of the bridge can be improved. [Effects of the Invention]

[0017] According to the present disclosure, the bridge can be made thin and compact. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0018] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of a location where a bridge according to an embodiment is to be constructed. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a bridge according to the embodiment. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a bridge according to the embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a bridge according to an embodiment. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line CC in FIG. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the bridge deck blocks and hollow tubes of FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0019] Hereinafter, embodiments of a bridge and a method for manufacturing a bridge according to the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. In the description of the drawings, identical or corresponding elements are designated by the same reference numerals, and duplicate explanations will be omitted as appropriate. The drawings may be partially simplified or exaggerated for ease of understanding, and the dimensional proportions and the like are not limited to those shown in the drawings.

[0020] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a location where a bridge 1 according to an embodiment is constructed. As shown in FIG. 1, the bridge 1 is constructed, for example, on a river R. As an example, the river R is a small stream. The bridge 1 is provided, for example, in a forest F. A plurality of buildings S are provided in the forest F. The buildings S are provided, for example, on one side and the other side of a first direction D1, which is the direction of the river width as seen from the river R.

[0021] By crossing a bridge 1 spanning a river R, it is possible to travel from one side of the river R in a first direction D1 to the other side of the river R in the first direction D1. Furthermore, infrastructure runs from one side of the river R in the first direction D1 to the other side of the river R in the first direction D1 via the bridge 1. The infrastructure is, for example, power cables and water supply and drainage pipes.

[0022] Bridge 1 is manufactured using a 3D printer. The deck blocks 10 of bridge 1 are made of concrete or mortar. The concrete (mortar) that makes up bridge 1 contains special admixtures added to cement, coal ash, admixtures, and industrial by-products. The special admixtures harden through a carbonation reaction when they come into contact with carbon dioxide. The special admixtures are carbon dioxide absorbers. This causes the concrete (mortar) that makes up bridge 1's deck blocks 10 to harden and become denser, thereby increasing the strength of the concrete (mortar) that makes up bridge 1's deck blocks 10.

[0023] The special admixture in the concrete (mortar) that makes up the deck blocks 10 of the bridge 1 is composed of, for example, γ-CaO·SiO2 (dicalcium silicate γ phase), which reacts with carbonate ions. The reaction of γ-CaO·SiO2 with carbonate ions densifies the concrete (mortar) structure. The coal ash in the concrete (mortar) that makes up the deck blocks 10 of the bridge 1 includes, for example, coal ash emitted from coal-fired power plants. In this way, the concrete (mortar) that makes up the deck blocks 10 of the bridge 1 contains special admixtures and coal ash, which absorbs carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide gas) during the manufacturing process, resulting in reduced carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide gas) emissions and making the bridge 1 environmentally friendly.

[0024] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of bridge 1. FIG. 3 is a plan view of bridge 1. For example, bridge 1 has a streamlined shape. A bridge 1 with excellent design, such as a streamlined shape, can be difficult to manufacture using steel frame construction (S construction) or reinforced concrete construction (RC construction). If the deck blocks 10 of bridge 1 are manufactured using a 3D printer, it is possible to easily manufacture bridges 1 with smooth and complex shapes.

[0025] The deck blocks 10 of the bridge 1 do not have any steel frames or rebars inside. In other words, the deck blocks 10 of the bridge 1 are unreinforced. The bridge 1 is a bridge that extends in a first direction D1 and a second direction D2 that intersects with the first direction D1. The second direction D2 is, for example, the width direction of the bridge. The second direction D2 is, for example, perpendicular to the first direction D1 and coincides with the direction in which the river R flows. For example, the length of the bridge 1 in the first direction D1 is longer than the length of the bridge 1 in the second direction D2.

[0026] For example, passages P are provided on both sides of the bridge 1 in the first direction D1. The passages P are formed, for example, in the upper part of the gravel pavement. As an example, the passages P include a pair of first passages P1 extending from the bridge 1 on both sides in the first direction D1. For example, the passages P include a second passage P2 extending from one of the pair of first passages P1 in a direction intersecting the first direction D1, and a third passage P3 extending from the other of the pair of first passages P1 at an angle to the first direction D1. However, the configuration of the passages P is not limited to the above example and can be modified as appropriate.

[0027] The bridge 1 has a plurality of deck blocks 10 arranged along a first direction D1. The deck blocks 10 are made of, for example, the aforementioned concrete (or mortar). That is, the deck blocks 10 contain the aforementioned special admixture and coal ash, and have the property of hardening by absorbing carbon dioxide. For example, the shapes and sizes of the plurality of deck blocks 10 are different from one another.

[0028] For example, a bridge 1 is manufactured by arranging a plurality of deck blocks 10. For example, the length of the deck block 10 in the second direction D2 is 500 mm or more and 600 mm or less. The length of the deck block 10 in the first direction D1 is, for example, longer than 100 mm and shorter than 200 mm. By making the length of the deck block 10 in the first direction D1 longer than 100 mm, it is possible to prevent cracks from occurring in the deck block 10 due to drying shrinkage. The weight of the deck block 10 is, for example, 40 kg or less. In this case, the deck block 10 can be made light enough to be carried by hand, eliminating the need for a crane or the like to transport the deck block 10.

[0029] A streamlined bridge 1 is formed by arranging a plurality of deck blocks 10 of different shapes and sizes. For example, the deck blocks 10 are produced by a 3D printer. In this case, a plurality of deck blocks 10 having complex shapes can be produced with high precision and efficiency, and a bridge 1 having a complex shape can be efficiently manufactured. In this embodiment, an example in which the bridge 1 has a streamlined shape will be described. However, when the deck blocks 10 are produced by a 3D printer, bridges 1 of various shapes, not just streamlined shapes, can be manufactured.

[0030] The bridge 1 has a plurality of block groups G each including a plurality of deck blocks 10, and a plurality of connecting members 20 connecting the plurality of deck blocks 10 to each other. The connecting members 20 are, for example, linear and extend in a first direction D1. As an example, the connecting members 20 are wires. The wires are made of, for example, metal. However, the material of the wires is not limited to metal and may be, for example, resin, and is not particularly limited.

[0031] Multiple block groups G are lined up along the first direction D1. More specifically, each block group G is composed of five or six deck slab blocks 10 lined up along the first direction D1, with seven block groups G lined up along the first direction D1. As an example, 36 deck slab blocks 10 are lined up along the first direction D1. For example, the block groups G are not connected to each other. A gap is formed between two block groups G lined up along the first direction D1. The width of this gap (the length in the first direction D1) is, for example, 3 mm or more and 8 mm or less.

[0032] The connecting members 20 connect, for example, multiple deck blocks 10 that make up one block group G. In this case, the connecting members 20 connect five or six deck blocks 10 lined up along the first direction D1. The multiple deck blocks 10 are lined up along the second direction D2.

[0033] For example, multiple block groups G are lined up along the second direction D2. As an example, three deck blocks 10 (block groups G) are lined up along the second direction D2. In this case, three groups of 36 deck blocks 10 lined up along the first direction D1 are lined up along the second direction D2. As an example, the number of block groups G is 21 (7 x 3), and the number of deck blocks 10 is 108 (36 x 3). However, the number of block groups G and the number of deck blocks 10 are not particularly limited.

[0034] For example, the multiple deck blocks 10 include multiple central blocks 10A located at the center of the bridge 1 in the second direction D2, and multiple end blocks 10B located on both ends of the central block 10A in the second direction D2. In this way, the bridge 1 has central blocks 10A and end blocks 10B separated from each other in the second direction D2. This contributes to further reducing the weight of the deck blocks 10. The multiple central blocks 10A lined up along the first direction D1 may be flat, for example. Furthermore, the multiple central blocks 10A lined up along the first direction D1 may be curved, rising upward toward the center in the first direction D1.

[0035] The multiple end blocks 10B lined up along the first direction D1 rise upward toward the center in the first direction D1. For example, the amount of upward protrusion of the end blocks 10B is greater than the amount of upward protrusion of the central block 10A. This gives the bridge 1 a shape in which both ends in the second direction D2 are raised.

[0036] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of bridge 1 taken along a plane extending in first direction D1 and third direction D3 that intersects both first direction D1 and second direction D2. As shown in Figure 4, for example, bridge 1 has a pair of ground improvement sections 2 provided on both sides of river R in first direction D1 inside ground B, and a pair of pier foundations 3 that extend upward from each ground improvement section 2 and protrude upward from the ground surface.

[0037] The ground improvement section 2 is composed of a ground improvement body. The lower end of the ground improvement section 2 reaches down to the supporting layer of ground B. In other words, the lower part of the ground improvement section 2 penetrates into the supporting layer of ground B. The pier foundation 3 is a concrete foundation installed on top of the ground improvement section 2. The pier foundation 3 is, for example, an independent foundation made of reinforced concrete. For example, the pier foundation 3 has a foundation base slab 3b extending horizontally above the ground improvement section 2, and a foundation column 3c protruding upward from the foundation base slab 3b. The foundation column 3c protrudes upward from the ground B.

[0038] The bridge 1 has, for example, a pair of steel members 4 fixed to the upper end of each pier foundation 3, and a bridge girder 5 connecting the pair of steel members 4 to each other. As an example, the steel members 4 are H-shaped steel members. However, the type of steel member 4 is not particularly limited. The bridge girder 5 extends in a first direction D1, and a plurality of deck blocks 10 are placed on the bridge girder 5. For example, the bridge girder 5 is painted. As an example, the bridge girder 5 is colored a dark brown color. In this case, the bridge 1 can blend in with the surrounding natural environment.

[0039] Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in Fig. 4. As shown in Figs. 4, 5, and 6, the bridge girder 5 is, for example, a plurality of hollow tubes 5A. A cross section of the hollow tubes 5A taken along a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the hollow tubes 5A has, for example, a circular shape.

[0040] As an example, the hollow pipe 5A is a hollow steel pipe. That is, the hollow pipe 5A is made of steel. For example, the hollow pipe 5A is a circular steel pipe. The sizes (for example, outer diameter and inner diameter) of the multiple hollow pipes 5A may be the same as or different from each other. The multiple hollow pipes 5A are lined up along the second direction D2. For example, at least one of the multiple hollow pipes 5A has an insertion space 5b through which at least one of the cable C and the piping H can be passed.

[0041] For example, cable C is an infrastructure cable, and pipe H is an infrastructure pipe. As an example, cable C is a power cable, and pipe H is a water supply and drainage pipe, or a protective pipe for inserting it. Furthermore, cable C may be a LAN cable or an optical cable. Pipe H may be an flex pipe through which cable C is passed. For example, hollow pipe 5A extends from one end to the other end of bridge 1 in first direction D1.

[0042] Because the interior of hollow tube 5A is an insertion space 5b, both ends and the middle cannot be blocked with end plates or reinforcing plates. Hollow tube 5A does not have end plates or reinforcing plates, but instead is thicker than hollow tubes that have them. While hollow tubes with end plates or reinforcing plates are about 6 mm thick, hollow tube 5A is 10 mm or thicker (12 mm, for example).

[0043] By passing at least one of the cables C and the piping H through the hollow pipe 5A, infrastructure can be passed from one side to the other as viewed from the river R. Furthermore, by hiding the cables C and the piping H inside the hollow pipe 5A, the aesthetic appearance can be improved. If the piping H is installed under the bridge girder 5, there is a concern that the bridge 1 will become thick. However, in this embodiment, the bridge girder 5 is a hollow pipe 5A, and by passing the cables C and the piping H inside the hollow pipe 5A, it is possible to prevent the bridge 1 from becoming thicker.

[0044] It is noted that not all of the pipes H need to be passed through the hollow pipes 5A. In the examples of Figures 5 and 6, some of the multiple pipes H are passed through the hollow pipes 5A. More specifically, the bridge 1 has four hollow pipes 5A lined up along the second direction D2, and four of the eight pipes H are passed through the hollow pipes 5A. In this case, the multiple pipes H are not passed through the hollow pipes 5A.

[0045] However, the pipes H that are not passed through the hollow pipes 5A are located directly below the deck block 10. For example, the pipes H that are not passed through the hollow pipes 5A are located between two hollow pipes 5A that are lined up along the second direction D2. Therefore, the pipes H that are not passed through the hollow pipes 5A are also difficult to see from outside the bridge 1, which prevents the aesthetic appearance from being impaired.

[0046] The bridge 1 includes connecting members 6 that connect the plurality of hollow tubes 5A to one another. The connecting members 6 are, for example, structural members of the bridge 1. The connecting members 6 function, for example, as vibration restraints. The bridge 1 has a plurality of connecting members 6, which are aligned along the first direction D1. For example, the connecting members 6 are provided between a pair of block groups G aligned along the first direction D1.

[0047] For example, the connection member 6 is made of steel. The connection member 6 is located below the hollow pipe 5A. The connection member 6 is located below the multiple deck blocks 10. The connection member 6 extends in the second direction D2 below the multiple deck blocks 10. The piping H is located above the connection member 6. Therefore, the piping H, which is not passed through the inside of the hollow pipe 5A, can also be made less visible from outside the bridge 1.

[0048] For example, the connection member 6 has an extending portion 6b extending in the second direction D2 and a covering portion 6c extending upward from the extending portion 6b and covering the pipe H. As an example, the connection member 6 has three extending portions 6b. The extending portions 6b connect two hollow tubes 5A to each other. Like the hollow tubes 5A, the covering portion 6c has an insertion space 6d through which at least one of the cable C and the pipe H can be passed. For example, when viewed along the first direction D1, the covering portion 6c has an inverted U-shape.

[0049] The deck blocks 10 will be described in more detail. The deck blocks 10 each have a through hole 11 that penetrates in the first direction D1. For example, the central block 10A and the end blocks 10B each have a through hole 11. By having the through holes 11, the deck blocks 10 can be made lighter in weight.

[0050] For example, through hole 11 includes insertion hole 11b through which connecting member 20 is inserted and non-insertion hole 11c through which connecting member 20 is not inserted. Insertion hole 11b and non-insertion hole 11c may be connected to each other or may be separate spaces. Note that through hole 11 does not have to be divided into insertion hole 11b and non-insertion hole 11c and may be a single hole.

[0051] The aforementioned connecting members 20 are passed through the through holes 11. The connecting members 20 connect the deck blocks 10 to one another while being passed through the through holes 11 of the deck blocks 10. For example, each of the ends of the connecting members 20 passed through the through holes 11 of the deck blocks 10 is fixed to the connection members 6.

[0052] As an example, the connecting members 20 are fixed to the connecting members 6 by welding. Alternatively, a hook or other catch may be fixed to the connecting members 6, and the connecting members 20 may be hooked onto this catch. In this way, the connecting members 20 are passed through the multiple through holes 11 and the ends of the connecting members 20 are attached to the connecting members 6, thereby connecting the multiple deck blocks 10 to each other.

[0053] The connecting members 20 are passed through the through holes 11 of the deck blocks 10 constituting one block group G and connect the deck blocks 10 of the block group G. In this embodiment, the connecting members 20 connect five or six deck blocks 10 arranged along the first direction D1.

[0054] For example, the thickness T1 of the deck block 10 is twice the distance T2 from the surface of the deck block 10 at which the deck block 10 can absorb carbon dioxide. In this case, carbon dioxide can be absorbed throughout the entire thickness of the deck block 10 from both the inside of the deck block 10 (the side of the through-holes 11) and the outside of the deck block 10. As an example, the distance T2 is 30 mm and the thickness T1 is 60 mm.

[0055] For example, the deck blocks 10 are rounded. This is because the deck blocks 10 are produced using a 3D printer. The rounded shape of the deck blocks 10 creates a tapered gap at the top of adjacent deck blocks 10, which can be used to easily install and replace the deck blocks 10.

[0056] For example, (minor) irregularities are formed on the surface of the deck block 10. This is due to the fact that the deck block 10 is produced using a 3D printer. Therefore, when the deck block 10 is painted, the color may not be uniform due to the irregularities on the surface of the deck block 10. Therefore, in this embodiment, color powder is mixed into the concrete (mortar) that makes up the deck block 10. This color powder is a pigment for coloring concrete (mortar). Furthermore, the irregularities formed on the surface of the deck block 10 allow the deck block 10 to exhibit an anti-slip effect.

[0057] For example, the shape of the underside of the deck block 10 when cut along a plane extending in the second direction D2 and the third direction D3 is shaped to follow the outer periphery of the hollow tube 5A. The deck block 10 has, for example, a recess 12 into which the hollow tube 5A (or the covering portion 6c) enters from below. In this case, the thickness of the bridge 1 can be reduced. For example, the curvature of the recess 12 is the same as the curvature of the hollow tube 5A.

[0058] The central block 10A and the end blocks 10B are aligned along the second direction D2. The central block 10A is positioned between the pair of end blocks 10B. For example, the central block 10A is not joined to the end blocks 10B. For example, a gap is formed between the central block 10A and the end blocks 10B. The width of this gap (the length in the second direction D2) is, for example, 2 mm or more and 8 mm or less.

[0059] The shape of the central block 10A and the shape of the end block 10B are different from each other. The central block 10A has a smooth upper surface 13. "Smooth" includes both flat and curved shapes, and indicates a smooth shape without sharp edges. The end block 10B (end block 10B shown in Figure 5), located at the end of the bridge 1 in the first direction D1, has a smooth upper surface 13 and a curved portion 15 that forms the end of the bridge 1 in the second direction D2. The curved portion 15 protrudes from the recess 12 formed on the underside of the end block 10B and the upper surface 13 toward the end of the bridge 1 in the second direction D2.

[0060] The shape of the central block 10A located in the center of the bridge 1 in the first direction D1 is substantially the same as the shape of the central block 10A located at the end of the bridge 1 in the first direction D1. In contrast, the shape of the end block 10B located in the center of the bridge 1 in the first direction D1 is different from the shape of the end block 10B located at the end of the bridge 1 in the first direction D1.

[0061] The end block 10B (end block 10B shown in Figure 6) located in the center of the first direction D1 has an upper surface 14 including a smooth surface 14c extending along the upper surface 13 of the central block 10A and a protruding surface 14d extending upward from the smooth surface 14c on the opposite side of the central block 10A. The height of the protruding surface 14d of the end block 10B located in the center of the bridge 1 in the first direction D1 is equal to or greater than the height of the protruding surfaces 14d of the end blocks 10B located other than the center of the bridge 1 in the first direction D1. The maximum height of the protruding surface 14d is, for example, 200 mm. The protruding surface 14d gradually becomes higher from the end of the bridge 1 in the first direction D1 toward the center of the bridge 1 in the first direction D1. This gives the bridge 1 a streamlined shape.

[0062] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line CC in Figure 4. As shown in Figures 4 and 7, the bridge 1 has a shear stopper member 17 that prevents the multiple deck blocks 10 from shifting in the first direction D1. The shear stopper member 17 is inserted between two deck blocks 10 that are aligned along the first direction D1. The shear stopper member 17 connects, for example, multiple hollow tubes 5A to each other.

[0063] The shear stop members 17 function, for example, as vibration stoppers. For example, the bridge 1 has a plurality of shear stop members 17, which are arranged along the first direction D1. For example, the shear stop members 17 are made of steel. The shear stop members 17 are located above the hollow tubes 5A. The shear stop members 17 are located below the plurality of deck blocks 10.

[0064] The shear stop members 17 extend in the second direction D2 below the multiple deck blocks 10. The shear stop members 17 are, for example, flat bars with flat surfaces. The shear stop members 17 extend from the hollow tubes 5A located at one end of the bridge 1 in the second direction D2 to the hollow tubes 5A located at the other end of the bridge 1 in the second direction D2. For example, the shear stop members 17 are fixed to each of the multiple hollow tubes 5A. In this case, the shear stop members 17 also function as connecting members that connect the multiple hollow tubes 5A to each other.

[0065] Figure 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the shear stopper 17 and hollow tube 5A of Figure 7. As shown in Figures 7 and 8, the bridge 1 has, for example, a fixing member 19 that fixes the shear stopper 17 to the bridge girder 5 (hollow tube 5A). For example, the fixing member 19 is fixed to each of the shear stopper 17 and the bridge girder 5 by welding.

[0066] The fixing member 19 is, for example, a steel flat bar. The fixing member 19 has a first fixing portion 19b fixed to the shear stopper member 17 and a second fixing portion 19c fixed to the bridge girder 5 (hollow tube 5A). For example, the first fixing portion 19b is located at the upper end of the fixing member 19, and the second fixing portion 19c is located at the lower end of the fixing member 19. As an example, the fixing member 19 has a pair of second fixing portions 19c aligned along the second direction D2, and the first fixing portion 19b located between the pair of second fixing portions 19c.

[0067] The bridge 1 has, for example, rubber members 18. The rubber members 18 are, for example, high-rigidity rubber. The rubber members 18 are interposed between the deck blocks 10 and the bridge girders 5 (hollow tubes 5A). This allows the deck blocks 10 to flexibly move relative to the bridge girders 5 in the event of an earthquake or the like, preventing cracks from occurring in the deck blocks 10.

[0068] For example, a plurality of (for example, two) rubber members 18 are arranged between the deck block 10 and the hollow tube 5A. For example, the plurality of rubber members 18 are lined up along the recess 12. That is, the plurality of rubber members 18 are lined up along the circumferential direction of the hollow tube 5A. In this case, it is possible to more reliably prevent the occurrence of cracks in the deck block 10 due to earthquakes, etc.

[0069] Next, an example of steps in a method for manufacturing a bridge according to this embodiment will be described. An example of a method for manufacturing a bridge 1 will be described below. First, materials for the deck blocks 10 are prepared (step of preparing materials for the deck blocks). At this time, concrete (mortar) that will be the material for the deck blocks 10 is prepared. As mentioned above, the concrete (mortar) that will be the material for the deck blocks 10 contains a special admixture and coal ash. Then, color powder is mixed into the concrete (mortar) to color the concrete (mortar) (step of coloring).

[0070] Next, the deck blocks 10 are produced from the mortar using a 3D printer (a process of producing deck blocks using a 3D printer). For example, each of the multiple deck blocks 10 of the bridge 1 shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 is produced using a 3D printer. At this time, multiple deck blocks 10 having through holes 11 penetrating in the first direction D1 are produced.

[0071] A pair of ground improvement sections 2 are constructed in the ground B, and a pair of pier foundations 3 and a pair of steel members 4 are constructed. The pier foundations 3 are constructed, for example, by reinforced concrete using plywood formwork. Then, bridge girders 5 extending in the first direction D1 are installed (bridge girder installation process). That is, multiple hollow pipes 5A are installed to span the river R. At this time, piping H may be inserted into the hollow pipes 5A beforehand. Then, the multiple hollow pipes 5A are connected with connecting members 6, and shear stop members 17 are fixed to the multiple hollow pipes 5A (bridge girder fabrication process).

[0072] Next, a plurality of deck blocks 10 are arranged along the first direction D1 on the bridge girders 5 extending in the first direction D1 (step of arranging the deck blocks). Furthermore, the plurality of deck blocks 10 are connected to one another by passing connecting members 20 through the through holes 11 of the plurality of deck blocks 10 (step of connecting the deck blocks to one another). At this time, a block group G may be produced by passing the connecting members 20 through the through holes 11 of the plurality of deck blocks 10 and fixing the ends of the connecting members 20 to the connection members 6 (step of producing a block group).

[0073] For example, the multiple block groups G that have been produced are lined up on the bridge girder 5 along the first direction D1 and also lined up along the second direction D2. As an example, seven block groups G are lined up along the first direction D1 and three block groups G are lined up along the second direction D2. Through the above steps, the manufacture of the bridge 1 is completed.

[0074] Next, the effects obtained from the bridge 1 and bridge manufacturing method according to this embodiment will be described in detail. For example, as shown in Figures 5 to 7, the bridge 1 has a bridge girder 5 extending in a first direction D1, a plurality of deck blocks 10 each having a through hole 11 penetrating in the first direction D1, and a connecting member 20 connecting the plurality of deck blocks 10 to one another above the bridge girder 5. The plurality of deck blocks 10 are arranged along the first direction D1 while being placed on the bridge girder 5. At this time, the through holes 11 of the plurality of deck blocks 10 penetrate in the first direction D1, and connecting members 20 can be passed through the plurality of through holes 11 penetrating in the first direction D1.

[0075] Therefore, connecting members 20 can be passed through the through holes 11 of multiple deck blocks 10, and multiple deck blocks 10 can be connected by the connecting members 20 passed through the multiple through holes 11. Therefore, it is not necessary to place connecting members 20 on the surface, such as the underside, of the deck blocks 10, so the bridge 1 can be made thinner and more compact. Furthermore, since multiple deck blocks 10 can be connected by passing the connecting members 20 through the multiple through holes 11, the connecting members 20 can be hidden. Therefore, the design of the bridge 1 can be improved.

[0076] In this embodiment, the bridge girder 5 is a plurality of hollow tubes 5A. Each of the plurality of hollow tubes 5A has an insertion space 5b through which at least one of the cables C and the piping H can be passed in the first direction D1. In this case, at least one of the cables C and the piping H can be passed through the hollow tube 5A functioning as the bridge girder 5. Therefore, even when infrastructure cables and infrastructure piping are passed through the bridge 1, the infrastructure cables and infrastructure piping can be hidden within the insertion space 5b. This prevents the cables C and piping H from being exposed, which would otherwise detract from the design of the bridge 1.

[0077] In this embodiment, the bridge 1 is equipped with a shear stopper member 17 that fits between two deck blocks 10 lined up along the first direction D1. The shear stopper member 17 suppresses the shifting of the multiple deck blocks 10 in the first direction D1 while it is fitted between the two deck blocks 10. In this case, the shear stopper member 17 fitting between the two deck blocks 10 lined up along the first direction D1 can prevent the deck blocks 10 from shifting.

[0078] In this embodiment, the bridge 1 includes a connecting member 6 that connects the plurality of hollow tubes 5A to one another below the plurality of deck blocks 10. In this case, the plurality of hollow tubes 5A located below the plurality of deck blocks 10 are connected to one another via the connecting member 6. Therefore, the plurality of hollow tubes 5A can be connected to one another and firmly held in place.

[0079] As shown in FIG. 3 , in this embodiment, the bridge 1 includes a plurality of deck blocks 10, a plurality of block groups G arranged along a first direction D1, and a plurality of connecting members 20. Each of the connecting members 20 is inserted through the through holes 11 of the deck blocks 10 constituting one block group G, thereby connecting the deck blocks 10 of the block group G to one another. In this case, the deck blocks 10 are connected to one another with one connecting member 20 inserted through the through hole 11 of the block group G. Therefore, the deck blocks 10 can be connected firmly and efficiently.

[0080] In the bridge manufacturing method according to this embodiment, each of the multiple deck blocks 10 is manufactured using a 3D printer. Therefore, multiple deck blocks 10 with complex shapes can be easily manufactured using a 3D printer, and a bridge 1 with good design can be efficiently manufactured by connecting the multiple deck blocks 10.

[0081] Conventionally, when making concrete deck blocks, formwork is installed and concrete is poured into the installed formwork. However, when the deck blocks 10 that make up the bridge 1 are made using a 3D printer, formwork is not required.

[0082] The through holes 11 of the multiple deck blocks 10 penetrate in the first direction D1, and connecting members 20 are passed through the multiple through holes 11 that penetrate in the first direction D1. Therefore, the multiple deck blocks 10 can be connected by passing the connecting members 20 through the multiple through holes 11, so the connecting members 20 can be hidden. Therefore, the bridge manufacturing method according to this embodiment can achieve the same effect as the bridge 1 described above, and can improve the design of the bridge 1.

[0083] The above describes embodiments of the bridge and bridge manufacturing method according to the present disclosure. However, the bridge and bridge manufacturing method according to the present disclosure are not limited to the content of the above-described embodiment, and may be further modified within the scope of the gist described in the claims. In other words, the shape, size, material, number, and arrangement of each part of the bridge, as well as the content and order of the steps in the bridge manufacturing method, can be changed as appropriate within the scope of the above gist.

[0084] For example, the bridge 1 may have a deck placed on the upper surface 13 of the deck block 10. This deck may be made of wood, for example. Furthermore, a plastering finish may be applied to the upper surface 13 of the deck block 10. This plastering finish may smooth out any unevenness on the upper surface 13 of the deck block 10, and a non-slip sheet may be placed on the smoothed upper surface 13.

[0085] Furthermore, the bridge 1 may be provided with handrails extending upward from the deck blocks 10 (each end block 10B). The handrails are fixed (by welding, for example) to both ends of the bridge girder 5 (hollow tube 5A) in the second direction D2, and are installed so as to protrude upward from the bridge girder 5.

[0086] In the above-described embodiment, a bridge 1 having a streamlined shape has been described. However, the shape of the bridge is not limited to a streamlined shape and can be changed as appropriate. For example, the bridge may be a flat bridge with no curvature. The length of the bridge in the first direction D1 may be equal to or less than the length of the bridge in the second direction D2. Furthermore, the bridge may be a circular bridge (a bridge that is circular in plan view). In this way, the shape of the bridge is not particularly limited.

[0087] In the above-described embodiment, the deck block 10 is made of concrete (mortar) containing a special admixture and coal ash. However, the material of the deck block can be changed as appropriate. For example, the deck block may be made of fiber-reinforced concrete (mortar). In this case, chipping and cracking of the deck block can be more reliably prevented.

[0088] In the above-described embodiment, a bridge 1 including a plurality of block groups G arranged along the first direction D1 has been described. As a specific example, five or six deck blocks 10 arranged along the first direction D1 are defined as a block group G, and the deck blocks 10 of the block group G are connected by a single connecting member 20. However, for example, all of the deck blocks 10 arranged along the first direction D1 may be defined as the block group G, and the number of deck blocks 10 constituting the block group G can be changed as appropriate. However, as described above, when five or six deck blocks 10 are defined as a block group G, the arrangement, replacement, and maintenance of the plurality of deck blocks 10 can be easily performed.

[0089] In the above-described embodiment, a bridge 1 including bridge girders 5 that are hollow pipes 5A that are circular steel pipes has been described. However, the hollow pipes 5A do not have to be circular steel pipes, and may be, for example, square steel pipes. Furthermore, the bridge according to the present disclosure may be a bridge that includes bridge girders that are not hollow pipes. For example, a bridge that includes bridge girders that are H-shaped steel instead of hollow pipes 5A may be a bridge. In this way, the type of bridge girders can be changed as appropriate.

[0090] In the above-described embodiment, an example was described in which the deck blocks 10 are colored by mixing color powder into the concrete (mortar) that constitutes the deck blocks 10. However, color powder does not have to be used to color the deck blocks. Furthermore, if it is desired to utilize the color of the deck blocks 10 themselves, the deck blocks 10 may be coated with a clear coating that allows the color of the deck blocks 10 to be visible.

[0091] When the deck block 10 is clear coated, the surface of the deck block 10 can be protected. Furthermore, the coating film formed by the clear coating is thin, for example, the thickness of this coating film is 1 mm or less. Therefore, the unevenness of the surface of the deck block 10 can be left intact, allowing the deck block 10 to exhibit anti-slip properties.

[0092] In the above-described embodiment, an example has been described in which a pier foundation 3 is constructed at each end of the river R in the second direction D2. However, the number and arrangement of the pier foundations 3 can be changed as appropriate. For example, the pier foundations 3 may be constructed at each end and the center of the river R in the second direction D2. In this case, the bridge 1 can be constructed even over a river R with a wider river width. Note that the ground improvement section 2 may be omitted depending on the condition of the ground B.

[0093] In the above-described embodiment, an example was described in which the pier foundation 3 was constructed by reinforced concrete using plywood formwork. However, the pier foundation 3 may also be constructed by embedding a formwork created by a 3D printer in the ground B and pouring concrete into this formwork. In this case, the formwork can be embedded in the ground B, eliminating the need for removal of the formwork, which contributes to improving work efficiency.

[0094] In the above-described embodiment, a bridge 1 including a central block 10A and a pair of end blocks 10B aligned along the second direction D2 has been described. However, the central block 10A and the pair of end blocks 10B may be integral. In other words, the deck blocks do not need to be divided in the second direction D2. In this way, the manner in which the deck blocks are divided is not particularly limited.

[0095] In the above-described embodiment, a bridge 1 spanning a river R has been described. However, bridges according to the present disclosure are not limited to those spanning rivers. For example, the bridge may be a bridge spanning a pond, lake, or coast. The bridge may be a pier. Furthermore, the bridge may be a bridge spanning a location without water. The bridge may be, for example, a bridge spanning a location with a difference in elevation, or a bridge spanning a groove-like location. In this way, the location where a bridge according to the present disclosure is spanning is not particularly limited. [Explanation of symbols]

[0096] 1...bridge, 2...ground improvement section, 3...pier foundation, 3b...foundation base slab section, 3c...foundation column section, 4...steel material, 5...bridge girder, 5A...hollow pipe, 5b...insertion space, 6...connecting member, 6b...extension section, 6c...covering section, 6d...insertion space, 10...deck block, 10A...central block, 10B...end block, 11...through hole, 11b...insertion hole, 11c...non-insertion hole, 12...recess, 13, 14...top surface, 14c...smooth surface, 14 d...protruding surface, 15...curved portion, 17...slip prevention member, 18...rubber member, 19...fixing member, 19b...first fixing portion, 19c...second fixing portion, 20...connecting member, B...ground, C...cable, D1...first direction, D2...second direction, D3...third direction, F...forest, G...group of blocks, H...piping, P...passage, P1...first passage, P2...second passage, P3...third passage, R...river, S...building, T1...thickness, T2...distance.

Claims

1. a bridge extending in a first direction and a second direction intersecting the first direction, A bridge girder extending in the first direction; A plurality of deck blocks placed on the bridge girder and arranged along the first direction; A connecting member that connects the plurality of deck blocks to each other; Equipped with The plurality of deck blocks have through holes penetrating in the first direction, The connecting member connects the plurality of deck blocks to each other while being passed through the through holes of the plurality of deck blocks. bridge.

2. The bridge girder is a plurality of hollow tubes, Each of the plurality of hollow tubes has an insertion space through which at least one of a cable and a pipe can be passed in the first direction. The bridge of claim 1.

3. a stopper member that fits between the two deck blocks aligned along the first direction; The anti-slip member suppresses the displacement of the plurality of deck blocks in the first direction while being inserted between the two deck blocks. A bridge according to claim 1 or claim 2.

4. The bridge girder is a plurality of hollow tubes, and a connecting member that connects the plurality of hollow tubes to each other below the plurality of deck blocks. A bridge according to claim 1 or claim 2.

5. A plurality of block groups including a plurality of the deck blocks and arranged along the first direction; a plurality of said connecting members; Each of the plurality of connecting members connects the plurality of deck blocks of the block group to each other while being passed through the through holes of the plurality of deck blocks that constitute one of the block groups. A bridge according to claim 1 or claim 2.

6. A method for manufacturing a bridge extending in a first direction and a second direction intersecting the first direction, comprising: A step of producing a plurality of deck blocks having through holes penetrating in the first direction using a 3D printer; A step of arranging a plurality of the deck blocks along the first direction on a bridge girder extending in the first direction; a step of connecting the plurality of deck blocks to each other by passing connecting members through the through holes of the plurality of deck blocks; Equipped with How bridges are made.

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