Non-reciprocal circuit element and quantum computers

Abstract

To provide a non-reciprocal circuit element and a quantum computer whose isolation characteristics can be designed.SOLUTION: A non-reciprocal circuit element includes a conductor, a magnetic material, an absorber, and a resonator. The absorber and the magnetic material are located at different positions when viewed in a thickness direction. The conductor includes a first terminal and a second terminal. The conductor has a first region extending between the first terminal and the second terminal, and a second region different from the first region. The first region overlaps the magnetic material when viewed in the thickness direction. The second region overlaps the absorber when viewed in the thickness direction. The resonator overlaps the absorber when viewed in the thickness direction.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a non-reciprocal circuit element and a quantum computer. [Background technology]

[0002] A non-reciprocal circuit element is an element that determines the transmission direction of a high-frequency signal. Isolators and circulators are examples of non-reciprocal circuit elements. Non-reciprocal circuit elements are widely used in circuits that transmit high-frequency signals.

[0003] Non-reciprocal circuit elements are used in various places where high frequency signals are used. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses an isolator for microwave communication. Also, for example, Patent Document 2 describes the use of an isolator in a quantum computer. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 4-287403 [Patent Document 2] Patent No. 6998459 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] The non-reciprocal circuit element is placed on a signal line connected to the quantum processor that controls the quantum computer. The quantum processor is placed inside a cryo-chamber, and the volume of the cryo-chamber is limited. This means that small non-reciprocal circuit elements are required. One of the properties required for non-reciprocal circuit elements is isolation characteristics. There is a demand for non-reciprocal circuit elements with excellent isolation characteristics for high-frequency signals in the operating band.

[0006] The present disclosure has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has an object to provide a non-reciprocal circuit element whose isolation characteristics can be designed. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] To solve the above problems, the present disclosure provides the following means.

[0008] The non-reciprocal circuit device according to this embodiment includes a conductor, a magnetic material, an absorber, and a resonator. The absorber and the magnetic material are located at different positions when viewed in the thickness direction. The conductor includes a first terminal and a second terminal. The conductor has a first region spanning the first terminal and the second terminal, and a second region different from the first region. The first region overlaps with the magnetic material when viewed in the thickness direction. The second region overlaps with the absorber when viewed in the thickness direction. The resonator overlaps with the absorber when viewed in the thickness direction. [Effects of the Invention]

[0009] The non-reciprocal circuit device according to the present disclosure can be designed to have isolation characteristics. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a non-reciprocal circuit device according to a first embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a developed plan view of a nonreciprocal circuit device according to a first embodiment. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a plan view of the conductors and resonators of the non-reciprocal circuit board according to the first embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a plan view of a loss layer of the non-reciprocal circuit board according to the first embodiment. [Figure 5] FIG. 2 is a plan view of a grounding body and a magnet of the non-reciprocal circuit board according to the first embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a quantum computer according to a first embodiment. [Figure 7] FIG. 10 is a developed plan view of a nonreciprocal circuit device according to a second embodiment. [Figure 8]FIG. 10 is a developed plan view of a nonreciprocal circuit device according to a third embodiment. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a developed plan view of a nonreciprocal circuit device according to a fourth embodiment. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a developed plan view of a nonreciprocal circuit device according to a fifth embodiment. [Figure 11] FIG. 10 is a developed plan view of a nonreciprocal circuit device according to a sixth embodiment. [Figure 12] FIG. 13 is a developed plan view of a nonreciprocal circuit device according to a seventh embodiment. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a developed plan view of a nonreciprocal circuit device according to an eighth embodiment. [Figure 14] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a non-reciprocal circuit device according to a first modified example. [Figure 15] 1 shows the measurement results of isolation characteristics of the non-reciprocal circuit devices according to Example 1, Example 2, and Comparative Example 1. [Figure 16] 1 shows the measurement results of the reflection loss characteristics of the non-reciprocal circuit devices according to Example 1, Example 2, and Comparative Example 1. [Figure 17] 1 shows the measurement results of insertion loss characteristics of the non-reciprocal circuit devices according to Example 1, Example 2, and Comparative Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0011] The present embodiment will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings used in the following description may show characteristic portions enlarged for ease of understanding, and the dimensional ratios of each component may differ from the actual ones. The materials, dimensions, etc. exemplified in the following description are merely examples, and the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Appropriate modifications can be made within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0012] First, let us define directions. The x-direction is the direction along the plane of the conductor. For example, the direction connecting the first terminal T1 and the second terminal T2 of the conductor is the x-direction. The y-direction is the direction perpendicular to the x-direction along the plane of the conductor. The z-direction is the direction perpendicular to the x-direction and y-directions. The thickness direction of each layer is an example of the z-direction.

[0013] "First embodiment" 1 is a cross-sectional view of a non-reciprocal circuit device 100 according to a first embodiment. The non-reciprocal circuit device 100 includes, for example, a conductor 10, a first loss layer 21, a second loss layer 22, a first magnet 31, a second magnet 32, a first grounded body 41, a second grounded body 42, and a resonator 50. The non-reciprocal circuit device 100 functions as, for example, an isolator.

[0014] Fig. 2 is an expanded plan view of the nonreciprocal circuit device 100 according to the first embodiment. Fig. 1 is a cross section taken along line AA in Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the first loss layer 21 from the conductor 10 side of the nonreciprocal circuit device 100, excluding the second loss layer 22, the second magnet 32, and the second grounded body 42. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the conductor 10 and the resonator 50 of the nonreciprocal circuit device 100 according to the first embodiment. Fig. 4 is a plan view of the first loss layer 21 of the nonreciprocal circuit device 100 according to the first embodiment.

[0015] The conductor 10 has a first terminal T1 and a second terminal T2, which are connected to external terminals.

[0016] The conductor 10 transmits a high-frequency signal. The conductor 10 transmits the high-frequency signal non-reciprocally between the first terminal T1 and the second terminal T2. "Transmitting a high-frequency signal non-reciprocally" means that the signal propagation efficiency differs depending on the direction. For example, if a signal propagates with low loss in the forward direction but hardly propagates in the reverse direction, this corresponds to "transmitting a high-frequency signal non-reciprocally." The propagation direction of the high-frequency signal in the conductor 10 is controlled by the first loss layer 21 and the second loss layer 22, which will be described later.

[0017] A high-frequency signal input from the first terminal T1 is transmitted to the second terminal T2 with low loss. Most of the high-frequency signal input from the second terminal T2 is absorbed. In other words, almost no high-frequency signal is transmitted from the second terminal T2 to the first terminal T1. In other words, the high-frequency signal is transmitted with low loss from the first terminal T1 to the second terminal T2, but almost no signal is transmitted from the second terminal T2 to the first terminal T1.

[0018] There is no particular limitation on the conductor 10 as long as it transmits high-frequency signals with high efficiency. The conductor 10 is made of, for example, aluminum, copper, silver, gold, stainless steel, etc. The conductor 10 may also be a non-conductor or a conductor with high resistance (e.g., phosphor bronze) plated with aluminum, copper, silver, gold, stainless steel, etc.

[0019] The conductor 10 has a first region 11 and a second region 12. The conductor 10 may have regions other than the first region 11 and the second region 12. The first region 11 is a region that overlaps with the first magnetic body 25 in the z direction. The first region 11 extends between the first terminal T1 and the second terminal T2. The first region 11 is sandwiched between the first magnetic body 25 and the second magnetic body 27 in the z direction. The second region 12 is a region that overlaps with the first absorber 26 in the z direction. The second region 12 is sandwiched between the first absorber 26 and the second absorber 28 in the z direction. The boundary between the first region 11 and the second region 12 coincides with the boundary between the first magnetic body 25 and the first absorber 26, for example, when viewed from the z direction.

[0020] The conductor 10 has a first connection line S1 and a second connection line S2 on its outer periphery when viewed from the z direction. The first connection line S1 and the second connection line S2 are lines that connect the first terminal T1 and the second terminal T2, respectively. The first connection line S1 and the second connection line S2 join together to form the outer periphery of the conductor 10 when viewed from the z direction.

[0021] The first connection line S1 is one side of the first region 11. The first connection line S1 may be a straight line or a curved line. In the example shown in Fig. 3, the first connection line S1 is a straight line parallel to the line L1 connecting the first terminal T1 and the second terminal T2.

[0022] The second connection line S2 exists across the first region 11 and the second region 12. The second connection line S2 has, for example, a first side S21 and a second side S22 that extend from the first region 11 to the second region 12, and a third side S23 that is one side of the second region 12. The first side S21, the second side S22, and the third side S23 may be straight or curved.

[0023] The resonator 50 confines the high-frequency signal within a certain space. The resonator 50 confines a portion of the high-frequency signal propagating along the second connection line S2. The resonator 50 is within the range of the high-frequency signal propagating along the second connection line S2. The resonator 50 is connected to, for example, the conductor 10. The resonator 50 and the conductor 10 may be integrated. The resonator 50 is, for example, one or more protrusions protruding from the third side S23. The connection portion between the protrusion and the conductor 10 becomes a free end of the high-frequency signal, and one side of the protrusion becomes a fixed end of the high-frequency signal, and the high-frequency signal is confined within the resonator 50.

[0024] 2 and 3 is a quarter-wave resonator. A quarter-wave resonator has a wavelength L≦1 / 4f0(ε0μ0ε γ μ γ ) 1 / 2 ...satisfies the relationship (1). L is the length of the quarter-wave resonator, f0 is the resonant frequency, ε0 ​​is the permittivity of vacuum, μ0 is the magnetic permeability of vacuum, and ε γ is the dielectric constant of the absorber, and μ γ is the magnetic permeability of the absorber. When the length L of the resonator 50 is an integer multiple of a quarter wavelength of the high frequency signal propagating along the second connection line S2, the resonator 50 confines the high frequency signal. The length L is the length of the resonator 50 in the protruding direction from the third side S23.

[0025] When viewed from the z direction, the resonator 50 overlaps with the first absorber 26. The resonator 50 is sandwiched between the first absorber 26 and the second absorber 28 in the z direction.

[0026] The resonator 50 is made of a conductor. For example, the same material as the conductor 10 can be used for the resonator 50.

[0027] 2 and 3 is symmetrical in the x-direction with respect to a center line CL1. The center line CL1 is a line that passes through the center of a line connecting the first terminal T1 and the second terminal T2 and is perpendicular to the line. A resonator 50 that is symmetrical with respect to the center line CL1 is easy to form, and is highly versatile.

[0028] The first loss layer 21 and the second loss layer 22 sandwich the conductor 10 and the resonator 50 in the z direction. The first loss layer 21 includes a first magnetic body 25 and a first absorber 26. The second loss layer 22 includes a second magnetic body 27 and a second absorber 28. The first loss layer 21 and the second loss layer 22 have approximately the same shape and are symmetrical with respect to the conductor 10 and the resonator 50. The first loss layer 21 is located between the conductor 10 and the first magnet 31. The second loss layer 22 is located between the conductor 10 and the second magnet 32.

[0029] The first magnetic body 25 and the first absorber 26 are located at different positions in the xy plane when viewed from the z direction. The second magnetic body 27 and the second absorber 28 are located at different positions in the xy plane when viewed from the z direction, for example. The first magnetic body 25 and the second magnetic body 27 are located at positions overlapping with the first region 11 of the conductor 10 in the z direction. The first magnetic body 25 and the second magnetic body 27 sandwich the first region 11 in the z direction. The first absorber 26 and the second absorber 28 are located at positions overlapping with the second region 12 of the conductor 10 and the resonator 50 in the z direction. The first absorber 26 and the second absorber 28 sandwich the second region 12 and the resonator 50 in the z direction.

[0030] The first magnetic body 25 and the second magnetic body 27 may have any shape as long as they can cover the first region 11. The first absorber 26 and the second absorber 28 may have any shape as long as they can cover the second region 12 and the resonator 50. For example, as shown in Fig. 4, both the first magnetic body 25 and the first absorber 26 may have a rectangular shape when viewed from the z direction.

[0031] A high-frequency signal passing through the conductor 10 propagates while being deflected to one side of the propagation direction due to the application of a DC magnetic field to the first magnetic body 25 and the second magnetic body 27. For example, a high-frequency signal input from the first terminal T1 is deflected to the vicinity of the first connection line S1 and propagates along the first connection line S1 to the second terminal T2. On the other hand, a high-frequency signal input to the second terminal T2 is deflected to the vicinity of the second connection line S2 and propagates along the second connection line S2 to the first terminal T1. At this time, the high-frequency signal input to the second terminal T2 is absorbed by the first absorber 26 and the second absorber 28 and is significantly attenuated. Furthermore, the high-frequency signal input to the second terminal T2 is trapped by the resonator 50, and the intensity of the high-frequency signal trapped by the resonator 50 is significantly attenuated.

[0032] The first magnetic body 25 and the second magnetic body 27 include a magnetic material. The first magnetic body 25 and the second magnetic body 27 may be a conductor or an insulator. The first magnetic body 25 and the second magnetic body 27 include, for example, a soft magnetic body. The first magnetic body 25 and the second magnetic body 27 may be, for example, a Co-based amorphous body, ferrite, Fe 85 Si2B8P4Cu, Fe 86 AlB8P4Cu, Fe 78 Si9B 13 , yttrium iron garnet (YIG). YIG includes, for example, Y3Fe2(FeO4)3, Y3Fe5O 12 is.

[0033] The first magnetic body 25 and the second magnetic body 27 may be a mixture of magnetic particles and resin. The magnetic particles may include, for example, iron, silicon steel (Fe-Si), permalloy (Ni-Fe), permendur (Fe-Co), sendust (Fe-Si-Al), electromagnetic stainless steel, amorphous iron-based alloy (Fe-BC, Fe-Co), manganese zinc ferrite, nickel zinc ferrite, etc. The first magnetic body 25 and the second magnetic body 27 may be a mixture of ferrite particles and resin.

[0034] When dispersing a magnetic material in an insulating material (e.g., resin, rubber, paint, etc.), it is preferable to set the volume ratio of the magnetic material to between 10% and 70%. If the volume ratio of the magnetic material is small, the electromagnetic wave absorption capacity will be low. If the volume ratio of the magnetic material is high, it will be difficult to disperse it in the insulating material.

[0035] The first absorber 26 and the second absorber 28 include a material having a larger magnetic field loss rate than the first magnetic body 25 and the second magnetic body 27. The first absorber 26 and the second absorber 28 include, for example, any one selected from the group consisting of iron, BN, conductive carbon, SiC, and Ni-based ferrite.

[0036] When the first loss layer 21 and the second loss layer 22 are conductors, an insulating layer is provided between the first loss layer 21 and the conductor 10 and between the second loss layer 22 and the conductor 10. Any known insulating layer can be used.

[0037] The first magnet 31 and the second magnet 32 ​​sandwich the conductor 10, the first loss layer 21, and the second loss layer 22 in the z direction. The first magnet 31 and the conductor 10 sandwich the first loss layer 21 in the z direction. The second magnet 32 ​​and the conductor 10 sandwich the second loss layer 22 in the z direction. The first magnet 31 and the second magnet 32 ​​apply a DC magnetic field to the first magnetic body 25 and the second magnetic body 27.

[0038] 5 is a plan view of the first magnet 31 and the first grounding body 41 of the nonreciprocal circuit device 100 according to the first embodiment. The first magnet 31 and the second magnet 32 ​​are positioned so as to overlap with the first magnetic body 25 and the second magnetic body 27 when viewed from the z direction. Parts of the first magnet 31 and the second magnet 32 ​​may overlap with the first absorber 26 and the second absorber 28 when viewed from the z direction.

[0039] The first magnet 31 and the second magnet 32 ​​are, for example, hard magnetic materials. The first magnet 31 and the second magnet 32 ​​may be insulators or conductors. The first magnet 31 and the second magnet 32 ​​include, for example, any material selected from the group consisting of insulating ferrite magnets, conductive rare earth magnets, TbFeCo, GdFeCo, SmFeCo, [Co / Pt] multilayer films, and [Co / Pd] multilayer films. If the first magnet 31 and the second magnet 32 ​​are conductors, the first grounded body 41 and the second grounded body 42 may be omitted.

[0040] The first magnet 31 and the second magnet 32 ​​are an example of a magnetic field source. The magnetic field source is not limited to the first magnet 31 and the second magnet 32, as long as it can apply a DC magnetic field to the first magnetic body 25 and the second magnetic body 27.

[0041] The first grounded body 41 is sandwiched between the first magnet 31 and the first loss layer 21. The second grounded body 42 is sandwiched between the second magnet 32 ​​and the second loss layer 22. The first grounded body 41 or the second grounded body 42 is grounded to, for example, a reference potential. The reference potential is, for example, the ground. There is no particular restriction on the first grounded body 41 and the second grounded body 42 as long as they are conductive.

[0042] The nonreciprocal circuit device 100 according to this embodiment has excellent isolation characteristics due to the inclusion of the resonator 50. The resonator 50 confines a portion of the high-frequency signal input from the second terminal T2 within the resonator 50, preventing the high-frequency signal input from the second terminal T2 from reaching the first terminal T1. The smaller the intensity of the high-frequency signal reaching the first terminal T1 from the second terminal T2, the higher the isolation characteristics of the nonreciprocal circuit device 100.

[0043] The non-reciprocal circuit device 100 according to this embodiment can be applied to, for example, a quantum computer. Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the quantum computer according to this embodiment. The quantum computer 200 includes, for example, a quantum processor 201, non-reciprocal circuit devices 202 and 203, filters 204 and 205, and an amplifier 206.

[0044] The quantum processor 201 performs quantum computation. The non-reciprocal circuit elements 202 and 203 deliver a readout signal of a quantum bit from the quantum processor 201. The non-reciprocal circuit element 202 is a circulator. The non-reciprocal circuit element 203 is an isolator. The non-reciprocal circuit element 100 according to this embodiment can be applied to the non-reciprocal circuit element 203. The amplifier 206 amplifies the readout signal.

[0045] For example, superconducting quantum computers operate at extremely low temperatures. Therefore, the quantum processor 201 and the non-reciprocal circuit devices 202 and 203 are also placed in positions exposed to an extremely low temperature environment. It is difficult to maintain a large volume of space in an extremely low temperature environment, and therefore, miniaturization of the non-reciprocal circuit devices 202 and 203 is required. The non-reciprocal circuit device 100 according to this embodiment is small in size and has excellent isolation characteristics, making it suitable for application to quantum computers.

[0046] "Second embodiment" 7 is an exploded plan view of a nonreciprocal circuit device 101 according to the second embodiment. The nonreciprocal circuit device 101 includes a conductor 10, a first loss layer 21, a second loss layer 22, a first magnet 31, a second magnet 32, a first grounded body 41, a second grounded body 42, and a resonator 51. In the nonreciprocal circuit device 101, components similar to those in the nonreciprocal circuit device 100 are designated by similar reference numerals, and descriptions thereof will be omitted.

[0047] The resonator 51 differs from the resonator 50 in the first embodiment in that it is asymmetric in the x direction with respect to the center line CL1.

[0048] The resonator 51 is a quarter-wave resonator. The position of the resonator 51 is not important as long as it is asymmetric in the x direction with respect to the center line CL1. For example, the resonator 51 may be located closer to the first terminal T1 than the center line CL1, or may be located on both the first terminal T1 and the second terminal T2 sides with respect to the center line CL1. The intensity of the high-frequency signal input from the second terminal T2 becomes weaker as it approaches the first terminal T1. Therefore, if the resonator 51 is located closer to the second terminal T2, where the intensity of the high-frequency signal is strong, the isolation characteristics are further improved.

[0049] The non-reciprocal circuit device 101 according to the second embodiment has the resonator 51, and therefore has the same effects as the non-reciprocal circuit device 100. Like the non-reciprocal circuit device 100, the non-reciprocal circuit device 101 according to the second embodiment can be applied to quantum computers.

[0050] "Third embodiment" 8 is an exploded plan view of a nonreciprocal circuit device 102 according to the third embodiment. The nonreciprocal circuit device 102 includes a conductor 10, a first loss layer 21, a second loss layer 22, a first magnet 31, a second magnet 32, a first grounded body 41, a second grounded body 42, and a resonator 52. In the nonreciprocal circuit device 102, components similar to those in the nonreciprocal circuit device 100 are designated by similar reference numerals, and descriptions thereof will be omitted.

[0051] The resonator 52 differs from the resonator 50 in the first embodiment in that the resonator 52 is not connected to the conductor 10. The other configurations of the resonator 52 are the same as those of the resonator 50.

[0052] The resonator 52 is a half-wave resonator with both ends open. The shape of the resonator 52 in a plan view is, for example, rectangular. Both ends of the resonator 52 are fixed ends, and the resonator 52 confines the high-frequency signal when the length L of the resonator 52 is an integer multiple of 1 / 2 the wavelength of the high-frequency signal propagating along the second connection line S2. Even if the resonator 52 and the conductor 10 are not electrically connected, the electromagnetic waves generated by the high-frequency signal reach the resonator 52.

[0053] The nonreciprocal circuit device 102 according to the third embodiment has the resonator 52, and therefore exhibits the same effects as the nonreciprocal circuit device 100. Furthermore, the resonator 52 is not connected to the conductor 10, and therefore has a high degree of freedom in layout and shape. Like the nonreciprocal circuit device 100, the nonreciprocal circuit device 102 according to the third embodiment can be applied to quantum computers.

[0054] "Fourth embodiment" 9 is an exploded plan view of a nonreciprocal circuit device 103 according to the fourth embodiment. The nonreciprocal circuit device 103 includes a conductor 10, a first loss layer 21, a second loss layer 22, a first magnet 31, a second magnet 32, a first grounded body 41, a second grounded body 42, and a resonator 53. In the nonreciprocal circuit device 103, components similar to those in the nonreciprocal circuit device 100 are designated by similar reference numerals, and descriptions thereof will be omitted.

[0055] The resonator 53 differs from the resonator 52 in the third embodiment in that it is asymmetric in the x direction with respect to the center line CL1. The other configurations of the resonator 53 are similar to those of the resonator 52. The resonator 53 differs from the resonator 51 in the second embodiment in that it is not connected to the conductor 10. The resonator 53 is a half-wave resonator with both ends open.

[0056] The nonreciprocal circuit device 103 according to the fourth embodiment has the resonator 53, and therefore exhibits the same effects as the nonreciprocal circuit device 100. Furthermore, since the resonator 53 is not connected to the conductor 10, there is a high degree of freedom in layout and shape. Furthermore, by arranging the resonator 53 on the second terminal T2 side where the intensity of the high-frequency signal is strong, it is possible to further improve the isolation characteristics. Like the nonreciprocal circuit device 100, the nonreciprocal circuit device 103 according to the fourth embodiment can be applied to quantum computers.

[0057] "Fifth embodiment" 10 is an exploded plan view of a nonreciprocal circuit device 104 according to the fifth embodiment. The nonreciprocal circuit device 104 includes a conductor 10, a first loss layer 21, a second loss layer 22, a first magnet 31, a second magnet 32, a first grounded body 41, a second grounded body 42, and a resonator 54. In the nonreciprocal circuit device 104, components similar to those in the nonreciprocal circuit device 100 are designated by similar reference numerals, and descriptions thereof will be omitted.

[0058] The resonator 54 is a ring resonator. A high-frequency signal propagating along the second connection line S2 is coupled to the ring resonator and trapped by the ring resonator. The resonator 54 is within the range of the high-frequency signal propagating along the second connection line S2. The resonator 54 is not connected to, for example, the conductor 10. The resonator 54 is a ring-shaped conductor. The resonator 54 is sandwiched between the first absorber 26 and the second absorber 28 in the z direction. The resonator 54 may be symmetrical or asymmetrical in the x direction with respect to the center line CL1.

[0059] The non-reciprocal circuit device 104 according to the fifth embodiment has the resonator 54, and therefore exhibits the same effects as the non-reciprocal circuit device 100. Like the non-reciprocal circuit device 100, the non-reciprocal circuit device 104 according to the fifth embodiment can be applied to quantum computers.

[0060] "Sixth embodiment" 11 is an exploded plan view of a nonreciprocal circuit device 105 according to the sixth embodiment. The nonreciprocal circuit device 105 includes a conductor 10, a first loss layer 21, a second loss layer 22, a first magnet 31, a second magnet 32, a first grounded body 41, a second grounded body 42, and a resonator 55. In the nonreciprocal circuit device 105, components similar to those in the nonreciprocal circuit device 100 are designated by similar reference numerals, and descriptions thereof will be omitted.

[0061] The resonator 55 is a spiral resonator. A high-frequency signal propagating along the second connection line S2 is coupled to the spiral resonator and trapped by the spiral resonator. The resonator 55 is within the range of the high-frequency signal propagating along the second connection line S2. The resonator 55 is not connected to the conductor 10, for example. The resonator 55 is a conductor processed into a spiral shape. The resonator 55 is sandwiched between the first absorber 26 and the second absorber 28 in the z direction. The resonator 55 may be symmetrical or asymmetrical in the x direction with respect to the center line CL1.

[0062] The non-reciprocal circuit device 105 according to the sixth embodiment has the resonator 55, and therefore has the same effects as the non-reciprocal circuit device 100. Like the non-reciprocal circuit device 100, the non-reciprocal circuit device 105 according to the sixth embodiment can be applied to quantum computers.

[0063] Seventh Embodiment 12 is an exploded plan view of a nonreciprocal circuit device 106 according to the seventh embodiment. The nonreciprocal circuit device 106 includes a conductor 10, a first loss layer 21, a second loss layer 22, a first magnet 31, a second magnet 32, a first grounded body 41, a second grounded body 42, and a resonator 56. In the nonreciprocal circuit device 106, components similar to those in the nonreciprocal circuit device 100 are designated by similar reference numerals, and descriptions thereof will be omitted.

[0064] The resonator 56 is a meanderline resonator. The meanderline resonator includes a conductor processed into a meanderline shape. By meandering the conductor, the width of the resonator 56 in one direction (e.g., the y direction) can be reduced, allowing the resonator 56 to be miniaturized. A high-frequency signal propagating along the second connection line S2 is trapped by the resonator 56. The resonator 56 is within the range of the high-frequency signal propagating along the second connection line S2. The resonator 56 may or may not be connected to the conductor 10. When the resonator 56 is connected to the conductor 10, the resonator 56 is a quarter-wave resonator. When the resonator 56 is spaced apart from the conductor 10, the resonator 56 is a half-wave resonator. The resonator 56 is sandwiched between the first absorber 26 and the second absorber 28 in the z direction. The resonator 56 may be symmetrical or asymmetrical in the x direction with respect to the center line CL1.

[0065] The non-reciprocal circuit device 106 according to the seventh embodiment has the resonator 56, and therefore provides the same effects as the non-reciprocal circuit device 100. Like the non-reciprocal circuit device 100, the non-reciprocal circuit device 106 according to the seventh embodiment can be applied to quantum computers.

[0066] "Eighth embodiment" 13 is an exploded plan view of a nonreciprocal circuit device 107 according to the eighth embodiment. The nonreciprocal circuit device 107 includes a conductor 10, a first loss layer 21, a second loss layer 22, a first magnet 31, a second magnet 32, a first grounded body 41, a second grounded body 42, and a resonator 57. In the nonreciprocal circuit device 107, components similar to those in the nonreciprocal circuit device 100 are designated by similar reference numerals, and descriptions thereof will be omitted.

[0067] The resonators 57 include, for example, a first resonator 57A, a second resonator 57B, and a third resonator 57C. Each of the first resonator 57A, the second resonator 57B, and the third resonator 57C is connected to, for example, the conductor 10. Each of the first resonator 57A, the second resonator 57B, and the third resonator 57C is, for example, a quarter-wave resonator.

[0068] The first resonator 57A has a first resonant frequency and traps high-frequency signals of the first resonant frequency among those propagating along the second connecting line S2. The second resonator 57B has a second resonant frequency and traps high-frequency signals of the second resonant frequency among those propagating along the second connecting line S2. The third resonator 57C has a third resonant frequency and traps high-frequency signals of the third resonant frequency among those propagating along the second connecting line S2. The first resonator 57A, the second resonator 57B, and the third resonator 57C have different lengths in the y direction, and therefore different resonant frequencies.

[0069] The first resonator 57A, the second resonator 57B, and the third resonator 57C are sandwiched in the z direction between the first absorber 26 and the second absorber 28. The first resonator 57A, the second resonator 57B, and the third resonator 57C can be made of the same material as the conductor 10.

[0070] The nonreciprocal circuit device 107 according to the eighth embodiment has the resonator 57, and therefore has the same effects as the nonreciprocal circuit device 100. Furthermore, the resonator 57 traps high-frequency signals of multiple resonant frequencies, and therefore can improve isolation characteristics over a wide band. Like the nonreciprocal circuit device 100, the nonreciprocal circuit device 107 according to the eighth embodiment can be applied to quantum computers.

[0071] 13 is an example of a resonator having different resonance frequencies, but the resonator having different resonance frequencies is not limited to this example.

[0072] For example, the resonant frequency of the resonator is not limited to three wavelength bands, but may be two wavelength bands, or may be four or more wavelength bands.

[0073] Furthermore, for example, the resonator 57 may be electrically separated from the conductor 10. The resonator 57 electrically separated from the conductor 10 is a half-wave resonator. The multiple resonators included in the resonator 57 may be a mixture of quarter-wave resonators that are in contact with the conductor 10 and half-wave resonators that are not in contact with the conductor 10.

[0074] Furthermore, some of the resonators constituting resonator 57 may be ring resonators, spiral resonators, or meander-line resonators, or all of the resonators constituting resonator 57 may be ring resonators, spiral resonators, or meander-line resonators.

[0075] Furthermore, although the resonator 57 shown in FIG. 13 is symmetrical in the x direction with respect to the center line CL1, the resonator 57 may be asymmetrical in the x direction with respect to the center line CL1.

[0076] Although some specific examples of non-reciprocal circuit devices have been shown using a plurality of embodiments, the present disclosure is not limited to these embodiments, and various modifications are possible.

[0077] For example, the specific configurations of the non-reciprocal circuit devices according to the first to eighth embodiments may be combined.

[0078] 14 is a cross-sectional view of a nonreciprocal circuit device 110 according to a first modification. The nonreciprocal circuit device 110 according to the first modification differs from the nonreciprocal circuit device 100 according to the first embodiment in that it has a connecting portion 60. The connecting portion 60 may be a resistor or a conductor. By providing the connecting portion 60, it is possible to further improve the absorption characteristics of high-frequency signals. This first modification can be applied to each of the nonreciprocal circuit devices according to the first to eighth embodiments. [Example]

[0079] Example 1 In Example 1, a non-reciprocal circuit device 100 having a configuration similar to that shown in FIG. 2 was fabricated. In the conductor 10 of Example 1, a resonator 50 having a length L of 1.0 mm was formed on the third side S23 of the second connection line S2. The resonator 50 was symmetrical in the x direction with respect to the center line CL1. The resonator 50 was sandwiched between the first absorber 26 and the second absorber 28. The isolation characteristics, reflection loss characteristics, and insertion loss characteristics of the non-reciprocal circuit device of Example 1 versus frequency were determined by simulation.

[0080] Example 2 Example 2 differs from Example 1 in that the length L was changed to 1.5 mm. In Example 2, similar to Example 1, the isolation characteristics, reflection loss characteristics, and insertion loss characteristics of the non-reciprocal circuit device with respect to frequency were obtained by simulation.

[0081] (Comparative Example 1) The nonreciprocal circuit device of Comparative Example 1 is obtained by removing the resonator 50 from Example 1. That is, the nonreciprocal circuit device 100 has the same configuration as that of Fig. 2 but without the resonator 50, and the third side S23 is a straight line. The insertion loss characteristics, reflection loss characteristics, and isolation characteristics of the nonreciprocal circuit device of Comparative Example 1 versus frequency were determined by simulation.

[0082] Fig. 15 shows the measurement results of the isolation characteristics of the non-reciprocal circuit devices according to Example 1, Example 2, and Comparative Example 1. Fig. 16 shows the measurement results of the reflection loss characteristics of the non-reciprocal circuit devices according to Example 1, Example 2, and Comparative Example 1. Fig. 17 shows the measurement results of the insertion loss characteristics of the non-reciprocal circuit devices according to Example 1, Example 2, and Comparative Example 1. The horizontal axis in Figs. 15 to 17 represents the frequency of the high-frequency signal input to the terminal.

[0083] 15, the isolation characteristics can be improved in a predetermined band by changing the length of the resonator 50. This is thought to be because the resonator 50 traps a portion of the high-frequency signal traveling from the second terminal T2 to the first terminal. In other words, by controlling the shape of the resonator 50, the isolation characteristics can be freely improved in a desired band.

[0084] 16 and 17, there was no significant difference in the insertion loss and the reflection loss between Example 1, Example 2, and Comparative Example 1. That is, the resonator 50 had almost no effect on the insertion loss and the reflection loss. [Explanation of symbols]

[0085] 10...conductor 11...First area 12…Second area 21...1st loss layer 22…Second loss layer 25...First magnetic body 26...First absorber 27…Second magnetic body 28...Second absorber 31...First magnet 32...Second magnet 41...1st grounding body 42…Second grounding body 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57...resonator 57A…1st resonator 57B…Second resonator 57C...Third resonator 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 110, 202, 203...Non-reciprocal circuit elements 200...Quantum computer 201...Quantum processor 204,205...Filter 206...Amplifier S1...First connection line S2: Second connection line S21...First side S22...Second side S23...third side T1: Terminal 1 T2: Second terminal

Claims

1. The antenna includes a conductor, a magnetic material, an absorber, and a resonator, the absorber and the magnetic body are located at different positions when viewed in the thickness direction, the conductor has a first terminal and a second terminal; the conductor has a first region spanning the first terminal and the second terminal, and a second region different from the first region; the first region overlaps with the magnetic body when viewed in the thickness direction, The second region overlaps with the absorbent body when viewed from the thickness direction, The resonator overlaps with the absorber when viewed in the thickness direction.

2. The non-reciprocal circuit device according to claim 1 , wherein the resonator is connected to the conductor.

3. The non-reciprocal circuit device according to claim 1 , wherein the resonator is not connected to the conductor.

4. 2. The non-reciprocal circuit device according to claim 1, wherein the resonator is symmetrical with respect to a center line that passes through the center of a line connecting the first terminal and the second terminal and is perpendicular to the line.

5. 2. The non-reciprocal circuit device according to claim 1, wherein the resonator is asymmetric with respect to a center line that passes through the center of a line connecting the first terminal and the second terminal and is perpendicular to the line.

6. 2. The non-reciprocal circuit device according to claim 1, wherein the resonator is a quarter-wave resonator.

7. 2. The non-reciprocal circuit device according to claim 1, wherein the resonator is a half-wave resonator.

8. 2. The non-reciprocal circuit device according to claim 1, wherein the resonator is a ring resonator.

9. 2. The non-reciprocal circuit device according to claim 1, wherein the resonator is a spiral resonator.

10. 2. The non-reciprocal circuit device according to claim 1, wherein the resonator is a meanderline resonator.

11. 2. The non-reciprocal circuit device according to claim 1, wherein the resonators include a first resonator having a first resonant frequency and a second resonator having a second resonant frequency different from the first resonant frequency.

12. The quarter-wave resonator is L≦1 / 4f ０ (ε ０ μ ０ ε γ μ γ ) １／２ ...satisfies the relationship (1), In equation (1), L is the length of the quarter-wave resonator, and f ０ is the resonant frequency, and ε ０ is the dielectric constant of a vacuum, and μ ０ is the permeability of a vacuum, and ε γ is the dielectric constant of the absorber, and μ γ The nonreciprocal circuit device according to claim 6, wherein is the magnetic permeability of the absorber.

13. the resonator is asymmetric with respect to a center line that passes through a center of a line connecting the first terminal and the second terminal and is perpendicular to the line, The non-reciprocal circuit device according to claim 1 , wherein the resonator is not electrically connected to the conductor.

14. A quantum computer comprising the non-reciprocal circuit element according to claim 1.

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