Structure and composite structure

Abstract

To provide a structure that can be easily set up by evacuees themselves at evacuation sites using standardized cardboard boards.SOLUTION: Wall panels 10 of standardized size and shape with rib members on both edges and a plurality of types of roof panels 20, 30, 40 with rib members on both edges are used, the rib members are bent outward to connect them, a polygonal pyramidal roof portion 70 is placed on a polygonal prism-shaped wall portion 60 to form a structure 1, a wall downward bent portion is provided below the wall panel, and the wall downward bent portion is bent outward to contact a floor. The central part of the wall panel 10 is made an openable part 15, a break line 13 and a fold line 14 are provided therearound, the break line 13 is cut, the openable part is opened to the right and left from a position of a central vertical line and folded along the fold line 14 to form an entrance and exit, to form a structure 1 to be installed inside a building. In addition, multiple structures 1 are integrated into a composite structure.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This invention relates to structures that can be easily and quickly assembled even by small children or elderly people who are evacuating. Specifically, it relates to structures and composite structures that can be easily processed and assembled by evacuees themselves while ensuring their privacy in indoor evacuation spaces such as gymnasiums or outdoor evacuation sites in the event of a disaster.

[0002] More specifically, the structure is made by assembling pre-standardized cardboard wall panels and roof panels of several different shapes and sizes to form wall section 60 and roof section 70 (see Figure 3(A)), and the tops of the walls forming a polygonal columnar space are covered with a polygonal pyramidal roof section, creating a high interior space that does not give a feeling of oppression and has excellent sound insulation and heat retention properties.

[0003] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a composite structure in which the wall panels are standardized and unified, and by connecting two spaces at the wall panel portion, the size of the space can be expanded, and even if there are many evacuees, the variation in the exclusive area per person can be reduced and they can evacuate. [Background technology]

[0004] Large-scale earthquake disasters are occurring frequently, and evacuation facilities that can accommodate large numbers of evacuees are needed. Gymnasiums and other facilities with excellent earthquake resistance have been selected as evacuation sites, and the gymnasium floors have been divided into evacuation zones using cardboard as wall panels to accommodate evacuees until evacuation housing is set up.

[0005] Until now, gymnasiums and other similar spaces have been used as evacuation spaces for several months until outdoor evacuation shelters are set up, but because these evacuation areas have no ceilings, they are disturbed by the gazes and sounds of others, and conflicts often arise between evacuees. Furthermore, there is a risk of infectious diseases such as influenza, COVID-19, and norovirus spreading within evacuation facilities, so there has been a need for technology that can provide spaces that ensure evacuees' privacy as quickly and inexpensively as possible.

[0006] Patent Document 1 discloses a technology for assembly play equipment that uses flat bodies such as reinforced cardboard as materials and connects them with connectors to create unique spaces. According to this technology, the flat body has folding pieces attached to each outer edge that can be folded in both directions, and multiple sets of joining holes are formed on both sides of the folding points of the folding pieces, sandwiching the folding points.

[0007] According to this technology, even small children can assemble the play equipment by folding the folding pieces on the outer periphery of the flat body, then inserting connectors into the connecting holes that pass through the folding pieces to assemble the flat body. However, with this technology, the connecting holes on both sides of the folding pieces that are not used for joining are left open, allowing light to shine through, which has the problem that it cannot be used as a structure for evacuees to sleep in.

[0008] Patent Document 2 also discloses a building technology using cardboard sheets. According to this technology, the cardboard sheets are impregnated with polystyrene resin for outdoor use, and the building is constructed on a concrete foundation.

[0009] Each cardboard sheet is cut to a specific shape and connected with plastic screws, etc., which is said to prevent rainwater from seeping in, light from getting in, drafts from drafts, etc. However, this technology requires a concrete foundation, making it unusable as an indoor evacuation facility. In addition, there are issues with the long time and expense required for preparation and production, as the cardboard sheets must be impregnated with polystyrene resin and then individually cut into shapes. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0010] [Patent Document 1] Jpn. Jpn. Appl. KOKAI Publication No. 61-33989 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-308955 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0011] To provide a structure that can be easily processed and assembled by evacuees themselves, while ensuring their privacy, for use in indoor evacuation spaces such as gymnasiums and outdoor evacuation sites in the event of a disaster, using standardized cardboard boards of a predetermined size and shape. [Means for solving the problem]

[0012] The first aspect of the present invention is a structure that includes a plurality of roof panels and wall panels surrounding a space where people stay, A structure in which the roof panels and the wall panels are made of cardboard panels of a standardized size and shape, an opening can be formed in the center of the wall panels, roof panel joints are provided on both edges of each of the roof panels in stripes so as to be bent outward, roof downward bends are provided on the lower edges of each of the roof panels in stripes so as to be bent inward, wall panel joints are provided on both edges of each of the wall panels in stripes so as to be bent outward, wall downward bends are provided on the lower edges of each of the wall panels in stripes so as to be bent outward, and through holes are provided between adjacent bends. The roof panel connecting portions are provided at positions where a pair of bent roof panel connecting portions face each other, and at positions where a pair of adjacent bent wall panel connecting portions face each other, the roof panel connecting portions are bent and connecting devices are connected to adjacent through holes to form a polygonal pyramid-shaped roof portion, the roof downward bent portions are bent downward and the wall panel connecting portions are bent and connecting devices are connected to adjacent through holes to form a polygonal pillar-shaped wall portion, the roof downward bent portions cover the tops of the wall portions and are connected to the wall portions, and the wall downward bent portions are bent outward and in contact with the floor.

[0013] The roof and wall panels are made of standardized cardboard sheets that have been cut to a specific shape and are readily stackable for storage during normal times, and the structure can be easily assembled in an emergency. The connecting parts of the roof and wall panels are each bent outward, allowing for a wider interior space within the structure and allowing multiple evacuees to work together for efficient assembly. The accommodation space has a high ceiling, so there is no sense of oppression. The entrances and exits may be single- or double-hinged.

[0014] The roof panel connecting portion and the wall panel connecting portion may be connected using a known resin connecting device, or may be connected by folding the cardboard panel of the connecting portion, or the cardboard panel may be used as the connecting device, and is not limited thereto. The structure may be installed outdoors. When installed indoors, the cardboard panel should be made of paper, and when installed outdoors, the cardboard panel should be made of plastic to protect it from rainwater, and the downward bent portion can be used to secure it to the ground with rivets or the like.

[0015] When assembling the polygonal pyramidal roof, leaving a small opening at the top allows for natural ventilation, which is ideal. Because the walls are covered by the roof, it is easier to maintain the temperature inside the structure. In addition, the downward bends of the wall panels are bent outward and come into contact with the floor of the building to which they are installed, leaving no gaps near the floor, so the temperature inside the structure in winter is 3°C higher than when there are no downward bends.

[0016] According to the first invention, multiple evacuees can cooperate to assemble a comfortable structure that prevents light from leaking in from the outside when sleeping, and also has the unprecedented effect of keeping the temperature inside the structure 3°C higher than outside in winter, thereby suppressing the spread of infectious diseases.

[0017] A second aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in the structure of the first aspect, break lines and fold lines are provided around the position forming the opening, the break lines are provided at least on the central vertical line of the opening and on the upper and lower edges of the opening, and the fold lines are provided on both side edges of the opening, and an entrance / exit is formed by cutting the break lines, opening from the position of the central vertical line, and bending along the fold lines.

[0018] In the second invention, an openable section is provided in the center of the wall panel, surrounded by a break line and a fold line. An evacuee can cut the break line of the wall panel at the desired location with a cutter and unfold the cut wall panel to create an entrance or exit at the desired location. Of course, the entrance or exit can be either a single-wing or a double-wing door.

[0019] To achieve an unprecedented effect that an entrance / exit of a required size can be provided in a place where the privacy of evacuees can be easily secured, even when many evacuation structures are installed in an indoor evacuation site such as a gymnasium.

[0020] The third invention of the present invention is characterized in that, in the structure of the first or second invention, the connector is made of cardboard and comprises a central portion and side portions bent left and right from the central portion, the central portion has a central protruding piece that protrudes upward and downward, and each of the side portions has a side protruding piece at least either above or below, the side protruding piece is spaced from the fold line with the central portion by a distance equivalent to the length of the overlapping cardboard sheets, and each side portion is bent toward each other, and the side protruding piece is narrowed in a folded state and passed through the through hole, and then the side protruding piece is folded back, and the overlapping cardboard sheets that form the roof panel connecting portion or the wall panel connecting portion are sandwiched between the central protruding piece and the side protruding piece.

[0021] According to the third invention, the roof panel connecting portion and the wall panel connecting portion are connected by a connector made of cardboard. The side projections of the connector are folded back and tightened and inserted into the through-holes through which the opposing bent portions of each panel pass, and then the side projections are opened, and the roof panel connecting portion or the wall panel connecting portion is sandwiched between the central projection and the side projections, overlapping with no gaps. Because there are no gaps, the structure is less likely to deform. Furthermore, because the roof panels, wall panels, and connectors are all made of cardboard, they can be stacked and managed, which has the advantage of being easy to manage and inexpensive to provide.

[0022] The fourth invention of the present invention is characterized in that, in the structure of the first or second invention, the cardboard board is made up of an upper surface material, a middle surface material, a lower surface material, and two corrugated board materials with different bending heights, one corrugated board material being arranged between the upper surface material and the middle surface material, and the other corrugated board material being arranged between the middle surface material and the lower surface material.

[0023] According to the fourth invention, since both the roof panels and wall panels are made of double-float cardboard panels, even if the wall panels and roof panels are made of large-area panels, high rigidity is maintained, the number of parts can be reduced, and assembly is easy.

[0024] The fifth invention of the present invention is characterized in that, in the structure of the second invention, a horizontal break line is further provided in the center of the height direction of the opening, and by cutting the horizontal break line, the center vertical line, and the break lines provided at the upper edge, the upper part of the opening is opened to form a window opening.

[0025] It is preferable if the upper part of the opening is a window opening, but this is not limited thereto, and only one side may be opened to form a ventilation opening, etc. According to the fifth invention, in the event of a disaster, many people who plan to stay, including children and the elderly, can open openings of the necessary size in positions according to their wishes, ensuring privacy while facilitating ventilation inside the structure and maintaining a hygienic environment.

[0026] The sixth aspect of the present invention is a composite structure in which a plurality of the structures of the first or second aspect of the invention are integrated, characterized in that the wall panel joints of the respective wall panels arranged on the periphery of the composite structure are connected to integrate the internal spaces of the structures that make up the composite structure. According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, since the plurality of structures are connected to expand the space available for people to stay in, it becomes possible for multiple people to stay in the structure at the same time, and the effect of leveling out the population density within the structure is achieved.

[0027] The seventh aspect of the present invention is a composite structure in which a plurality of the structures of the third aspect are integrated, characterized in that the wall panel joints of each wall panel arranged on the periphery of the composite structure are connected to integrate the interior spaces of the structures that make up the composite structure. According to the seventh aspect, a space is formed by connecting a plurality of structures, and the space available for people to stay in is expanded, allowing multiple people to stay at the same time, thereby achieving the effect of leveling out the population density within the structure. [Effects of the Invention]

[0028] According to the first invention, not only can multiple evacuees cooperate to assemble a structure that is comfortable to sleep in and that does not leak light from the outside, but it also has the unprecedented effect of keeping the temperature inside the structure 3°C higher than outside in winter, thereby suppressing the spread of infectious diseases. The second invention has the unprecedented effect of allowing an entrance or exit of a required size to be provided in a location where the privacy of evacuees can be easily ensured. According to the third invention, the roof panels, wall panels, and connectors are all made of cardboard, so they can be stacked and managed, making them easy to manage and providing them at low cost.

[0029] According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, even if the wall panels and roof panels are made of large-area boards, high rigidity can be maintained, the number of components can be reduced, and assembly is easy. According to the fifth invention, the person planning to stay can open an opening of the required size in a position according to their desire, which has the effect of ensuring privacy while facilitating ventilation inside the structure and maintaining a hygienic environment. According to the sixth or seventh invention, a plurality of structures are connected to form a space, expanding the space available for people to stay in, allowing multiple people to stay at the same time, thereby achieving the effect of leveling out the population density within the structure. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0030] [Figure 1] An explanatory diagram of the standard shapes of roof panels and wall panels (Example 1). [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a combination of roof panels and wall panels (Example 1). [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a composite structure (Example 1). [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an octagonal planar structure (Example 2). [Figure 5] FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of an entrance / exit (Example 2). [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of a connector (Example 3). DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0031] The structure was constructed from standardized cardboard panels with connecting parts around the roof and wall panels so that in the event of a disaster, even small children or elderly people can easily process and assemble the structure themselves to ensure privacy for the evacuees at the evacuation site. [Example]

[0032] As Example 1, a structure 1 having a square planar shape made of cardboard boards will be described with reference to Figures 1 to 3. Figure 1 shows an explanatory diagram of standardized wall panels and roof panels, Figure 2 shows an explanatory diagram of two wall panels and two roof panels arranged side by side, and Figure 3 shows a perspective view of a composite structure that can be expanded according to the number of people staying by combining square planar structures.

[0033] The wall panels of the structure 1 are made of cardboard. The top, middle, and bottom panels of the cardboard are flat, with two corrugated panels of different heights attached between each panel, resulting in a double-float, 8mm thick cardboard panel. Cardboard panels with 5mm and 3mm wave heights and cardboard panels with 4mm and 4mm wave heights are commercially available, but either type is acceptable, and the thickness is not limited.

[0034] Wall and roof panels cut from double-float cardboard have high planar rigidity and maintain flatness even when cut into pieces approximately 2m long. Furthermore, at approximately 2.0kg, they are light and easy to transport, and structures can be assembled in approximately 15 minutes. Once constructed, they also have excellent sound and heat insulation properties, making them ideal for constructing structures for evacuation shelters.

[0035] FIG. 1 shows the shape of one type of wall panel 10 shown in FIG. 1A and the shapes of three types of roof panels 20, 30, and 40 shown in FIG. 1B through FIG. 1D, but the shapes and sizes of the cardboard panels are not limited to these. The wall panel 10 shown in FIG. 1A is approximately 1.7 m high, approximately 1.2 m wide, and weighs approximately 2.2 kg. Wall ribs 11 are provided on both sides of the wall panel 10 as connecting sections for connecting to adjacent wall panels. The wall ribs 11, which are bent outward, have through holes 50 at positions facing the wall ribs of adjacent wall panels, allowing for easy connection using connecting tools.

[0036] (A) The bottom of the wall panel 10 shown in Figure 1 has floor ribs 12 formed in a linear pattern as downward bending sections of the wall that are bent outward to prevent gaps between the floor of a gymnasium or other structure. The center of the wall panel 10 has an openable section 15 surrounded by a break line 13 shown by a dashed line to facilitate cutting and a fold line 14 shown by a chain line to facilitate bending. The break line 13 alternates between 3 cm long cut sections that penetrate the front and back of the panel and 1 cm long uncut sections. The fold line 14 thins the thickness of one of the front and back surfaces in a linear pattern to facilitate bending.

[0037] The openable portion 15 is surrounded by a semicircular break line 13 at the top and a straight break line 13 at the bottom. A fold line 14 is formed in the straight line connecting the ends of the upper and lower break lines. Furthermore, in the center of the openable portion, break lines 13 are formed vertically and horizontally to form a cross. To use the openable portion 15 as an entrance / exit for evacuees, the upper break line 13, the lower break line 13, and the uncut portion of the vertical center break line 13 are cut with a cutter, and the openable portion is opened to the left and right using the fold lines 14 on the sides of the openable portion as guides, resulting in a double-hinged entrance / exit. Of course, it is also possible to have a single-hinged entrance / exit on only one side from the center.

[0038] To turn the openable section 15 into a window, simply use a cutter to cut the upper break line 13, the horizontal center break line 13, and the uncut portion of the vertical center break line 13 from the upper break line to the horizontal center break line, opening the openable section 15. Because the wall panel 10 is a double-float board and is thick, returning the openable section to its original position creates a gap wide enough to prevent light from leaking in and to prevent outside sounds from entering. This ensures privacy and prevents objects from collapsing or falling from the surrounding area, reducing anxiety after a disaster and creating a space where you can sleep safely at night.

[0039] In addition, since the airtightness is improved, it becomes easier to maintain the temperature inside the structure and to suppress infectious diseases. This openable part is not limited to the above-mentioned doorway or window shape, and it can be used as a ventilation opening by slightly opening only the upper part of the semicircular breaking line 13, or it can be used for other purposes such as a wiring route for electrical equipment by evacuees using their ingenuity.

[0040] A plurality of wall panels 10, 10... conforming to the above specifications are connected by wall ribs 11, 11 arranged in stripes on both sides to form a wall section 60 (see Figure 3(A)). The wall ribs 11 of the wall panels are bent outward from the accommodation space, and the facing wall ribs 11, 11 of adjacent wall panels are provided with through-holes 50 to allow penetration. A known resin connector (not shown) or cardboard connector (hereinafter referred to as connector) is inserted into the through-holes 50 formed in the overlapping wall ribs to connect the adjacent wall panels 10, 10. If the gaps between the overlapping wall ribs 11, 11 are left slightly open and used as space for clamping wiring, the wiring of electrical appliances brought in by evacuees will be less likely to become tangled.

[0041] You can divide the space into any number of wall panels. For example, four wall panels would be approximately 1.0m. 2 By enclosing a square space with a floor area of ​​2m, it can be used as a changing room or a simple toilet. By connecting two wall panels in a straight line, it is possible to enclose a space with a floor area of ​​2m on each side, which can be used as a sleeping space for evacuees.

[0042] The roof section 70 (see Figure 3(A)) is made up of the tall isosceles triangular roof panel 20 shown in Figure (B), the short isosceles triangular roof panel 30 shown in Figure (C), and the right-angled triangular roof panel 40 shown in Figure (D), all of which are made of cardboard sheets made of the same material as the wall panels 10. The bases of the roof panels shown in Figures (B) to (C) are the same width as the wall panels 10, and each is placed on top of the wall panels.

[0043] The roof section 70 is a polygonal pyramid, and the high ceiling creates a sense of space without creating a feeling of oppression. Circular break lines 23, 33, and 43 are defined in the center of each roof panel. By cutting the uncut portions of the circular break lines with a cutter to create openings, ventilation can be achieved to prevent heat buildup in the summer.

[0044] Once the circular cardboard panels have been cut to create openings, they can be fitted back into place to create a light-tight roof that does not disturb peaceful sleep. Furthermore, by assembling multiple roof panels and placing them on the floor as a polygonal pyramid-shaped hideaway, they can be used as a playground for small children, helping to ease the tensions that can easily arise between evacuees.

[0045] The inclined ribs 21 that form the adjacent roof joints of the eight roof panels 20 shown in Figure (B) are connected to form a regular octagonal pyramid roof section 71. If this roof section 71 is placed on top of the wall section 61 made up of the eight wall panels 10 shown in Figure (A), it becomes a living space the size of about 3 tatami mats (see Figure 4), providing sleeping space for two people. This large living space can be used as a lodging space for wheelchair users and evacuees requiring assistance, or as a temporary relief facility for the injured.

[0046] In addition, if the inclined ribs 31, 31 of the six roof panels shown in Figure (C) are connected to form a regular hexagonal pyramid roof and placed on top of the wall section made up of the six wall panels shown in Figure (A), it will create a living space of about 1.5 tatami mats, which will provide enough space for one person. There is no limit to the number of roof panels and wall panels used, and they can be combined according to the size and shape required for the structure.

[0047] Furthermore, using ten roof panels 20 (Fig. (B)) and ten wall panels 10 (Fig. (A)), a regular decagonal sleeping space of approximately 4.5 tatami mats can be secured. Using four types of standardized boards, it is possible to construct structures with different shapes, each with a high ceiling and different floor area, creating evacuation spaces. This reduces the variation in the area occupied by each person, regardless of the number of evacuees, and reduces the sense of inequality felt by evacuees, making it ideal for evacuating them in an environment with less friction.

[0048] Here, a structure 1 (see FIG. 3(A)) having a square planar shape will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. One side of the structure 1 consists of two right-angled triangular roof panels 40 shown in FIG. 1(D) and two wall panels 10 shown in FIG. 1(A). FIG. 2 shows the two right-angled triangular roof panels and two wall panels lined up. The roof panel 40 is formed with an inclined rib 41 and a vertical rib 42 that form the roof panel connection portion, and a lower rib 44 that forms the roof downward bending portion. The inclined rib 41, the vertical rib 42, and the lower rib 44 each have a through hole 50 that is identical in shape to a vertically elongated oval. Of course, the shape of the through hole is not limited.

[0049] The two roof panels 40, 40 are bent outward at their respective vertical ribs 42 so as to contact each other, and a connector is inserted into a through hole 50 formed at a corresponding position on the facing vertical ribs to assemble the two adjacent roof panels 40, 40, and the lower ribs 44, 44 of the two roof panels are bent inward to form one surface of the roof part.

[0050] The two wall panels 10, 10 are joined together with the wall ribs 11 bent outward, a connector is inserted into the through-holes 50 that penetrate the wall ribs 11, the floor ribs 12 that form the downward bent portions of the walls are bent outward, and the two adjacent wall panels 10, 10 are assembled to form one surface of the wall. At the upper end of the wall panel 10, a through-hole 50 of a shape corresponding to the through-hole 50 formed in the lower rib is formed at a position facing the through-hole 50 formed in the lower rib 44 of the roof panel 40 shown in Figure 1(D).

[0051] The structure 1, which has a square planar shape, is assembled using four sets of wall panels 10 and roof panels 40 that form one side of the structure 1. First, the wall ribs 11 of all the wall panels are bent outward, and the floor ribs 12 are bent outward, and then one side of the wall section 60 (see Figure 3(A)) is assembled, and then the inclined ribs 41 of all the roof panels are bent outward, and the lower ribs 44 are bent inward, and then one side of the roof section 70 is assembled.

[0052] The ridgelines of the four roof surface members are aligned, the outwardly bent inclined ribs 41 are faced to each other, and connectors are inserted into the through-holes to assemble the roof section 70. The wall ribs 11 at each corner of the wall surfaces are set up vertically to surround a square planar space, and connectors are inserted into the through-holes of the opposing wall ribs 11 to assemble the wall section 60.

[0053] The roof section 70, which is also assembled as an integral unit, is placed on top of the wall section 60, and the lower inner surfaces of the lower ribs 44 of each roof panel that makes up the roof section cover the upper ends of the wall panels 10. The through holes in the lower ribs 44 are aligned with the through holes arranged at the upper ends of the wall panels 10, and connectors are inserted to integrate the roof section 70 and the wall sections 60, thereby forming the square planar structure 1. Because structure 1 weighs approximately 27 kg, even after assembly, it can be shifted and installed at any position on the floor of the gymnasium or other evacuation space so that a passageway can be secured outside the structure in the evacuation space.

[0054] After the structure 1 is installed, the outwardly bent floor ribs 12 can be attached to the gymnasium floor with masking tape or the like to prevent them from shifting. Depending on the increase or decrease in the number of evacuees, the structure 1 can be repositioned to ensure appropriate spacing around the changed shape and size. Windows and entrances can be created in the desired positions of the evacuees using the openable sections 15 defined on each of the eight walls.

[0055] An example of connecting structures 1 to form a composite structure 100 will now be briefly described with reference to Figure 3. Figure 3(A) shows a perspective view of the structure 1. Figure 3(B) shows an example of two structures 1 arranged in a straight line to form the composite structure 100. In the composite structure 100, the space of the structure 1 on the entrance side can be used as a space for evacuees to use during the day for activities, and the space of the structure 1 further back from the entrance can be used as a sleeping space at night.

[0056] FIG. 3(C) shows an example in which three structures 1 are arranged in an L-shape to form a composite structure 110. The composite structure 110 has two entrances. The space at the back of the L-shape is used as a resting space for young children and the elderly, and two entrances are provided: one for the resting space at the back and one for the space for daytime activities. This ensures privacy for the resting space while allowing neighbors to enter through the entrance for the space for daytime activities.

[0057] The composite structures 100, 110, in which the spaces of multiple structures are connected, may be assembled with the wall panels at the adjacent spaces removed, or some of the wall panels at the adjacent spaces may be left on the partitions. Even if local buildings are destroyed by a disaster and the local community is destroyed, the composite structures 100, 110, which are set up as evacuation spaces in the gymnasium, can help rebuild the community of disaster victims little by little, with the aim of rebuilding the area. [Example]

[0058] As Example 2, a structure 2 having an octagonal planar shape that can be used by wheelchair users will be described with reference to Figures 4 and 5. Figure 4 shows a perspective view of structure 2, and Figure 5 shows a wheelchair entrance / exit 80. Structure 2 is made up of eight roof panels 20 as shown in Figure 1(B) and eight wall panels 10 arranged below each roof panel. The configuration and construction method of the roof panels and wall panels that make up the structure are the same as in Example 1, so only wheelchair entrance / exit 80, which allows smooth entry even for wheelchair users, will be described with reference to Figure 5.

[0059] The openable portion 15 of the wall panel shown in Figure 1(A) ensures the rigidity of the wall panel 10 when the opening is open, while leaving a wall portion 16 that rises slightly from the floor below the entrance to prevent objects such as balls carried by small children evacuating from outside from rolling in. Wheelchair users are accompanied by an assistant, and the wheelchair is always stored within the structure, making the structure an octagonal structure with no partitions in plan to allow easy movement within the room.

[0060] However, if the rising wall 16 is left below the entrance, wheelchair users will not be able to enter. This structure 2 is made of cardboard and is easy to process, so all that is needed is to cut both sides 17 of the rising wall on both sides of the openable section with a cutter, and then fold the floor ribs 12 outward and fold down the wall panel at the position that will become the rising wall 16 into the room (see the arrows in Figure 5).

[0061] In this way, when entering structure 2 from outside, the only step that wheelchair wheels 81 must overcome is the thickness of the flat wall panel, making it easy for wheelchairs to get over and creating wheelchair-accessible entrance / exit 80. Because structure 2 is made of cardboard and can be easily cut with a cutter, it is sufficient to modify parts of structure 2 to make it easier for evacuees with strollers, elderly people using canes, etc. to use. [Example]

[0062] In Example 3, connectors 90, 91 made of cardboard will be described with reference to Figure 6. Figure 6(A-1) shows a connector 90 with one lateral protrusion at the top and bottom of each of the left and right side sections, and Figure 6(A-2) shows a connector 91 with two lateral protrusions at the top and bottom of each of the left and right side sections. Figure 6(B) is a perspective view showing wall ribs 11, 11 connected by one lateral protrusion at the top and one at the bottom. Figure 6 shows an example of connecting overlapping wall ribs 11, 11, but the same applies to connectors for roof ribs, so explanations are omitted.

[0063] The connectors 90, 91 are made of cardboard. There are no restrictions on the material of the connectors, but it is recommended that they be made of the same material as the wall and roof panels that make up the main body of the structure. The connectors 90, 91 are roughly rectangular, with left and right side sections 93, 93 at a center section 94, separated by a pair of left and right folding lines 92, 92 (see the dashed dotted lines in Figures 6(A-1) and 6(A-2)).

[0064] The distance between the left and right folding lines 92, 92 is the same as the width of a vertically elongated through-hole 95 (see FIG. 6(B)) drilled in the wall rib 11. Central protrusions 96 are provided above and below the central portion 94. When the left and right side portions 93, 93 are narrowed and inserted through the through-holes 95, the upper and lower central protrusions 96, 96 are held on one side of the wall rib 11.

[0065] Left and right side portions 93, 93 are connected to a central portion 94, with a fold line 92 as the boundary. The left and right side portions 93 are provided with side portion protruding pieces 97 above and below in at least one diagonal direction (see FIG. 6(A-1)). The side portion protruding pieces 97 are provided at a distance from the bend line 92 with the central portion by the overlapping distance of the wall ribs 11, 11 (see α in FIG. 6(A-1)). When the side portion protruding pieces are arranged in only one diagonal direction, the side portion protruding pieces 97 are easy to fold back even if the cardboard material is a highly rigid double float. The folding direction may be either inward or outward.

[0066] One of the diagonally arranged upward-facing side portion protruding pieces is folded downward, and the other downward-facing side portion protruding piece is folded upward, and then the left and right side portions 93, 93 are narrowed so that they face each other, and the left and right side portions 93, 93 are aligned and inserted into the through-hole 95. After the left and right side portions are inserted into the through-hole 95, the downward-facing side portion protruding piece is folded back upward, and the upward-facing side portion protruding piece is folded back downward. The folded-back side portion protruding pieces 97, 97 are in contact with the outer surface of one of the wall ribs 11 (see FIG. 6(B)).

[0067] When the side protruding pieces 97, 97 are arranged in one diagonal direction (see Figure 6(A-1)), one of the folded back side protruding pieces supports the top of the wall rib 11, and the other side protruding piece supports the bottom of the wall rib 11, supporting the diagonal position of the through hole 95, not only making the cardboard board connector 90 less likely to come loose, but also showing sufficient bonding strength to maintain the shape of the structure. Note that if the height of the through holes is made small and many are provided, side protruding pieces do not necessarily have to be provided in the diagonal direction, but may be provided only on either the top or bottom.

[0068] Each of the left and right side portions may be provided with upper and lower side protrusions 97, 98 (see Figure 6(A-2)). If the cardboard is not a double-float cardboard, even if the upper and lower side protrusions 97, 98 are provided, the side protrusions are easy to fold back, and even after being folded back, the side protrusions 97, 98 and the central protrusion 96 hold the overlapping wall ribs 11, 11 between them at the four corners of the rectangular through-hole 95, providing sufficient bonding strength to maintain the shape of the structure.

[0069] (others) Emergency structures may be installed outdoors. If so, it is advisable to use plastic cardboard panels to protect them from rainwater. Although the structure 1 having a square planar shape and the structure 2 having an octagonal planar shape are shown above as examples, the planar shape is not limited, and it goes without saying that the structure can be formed into any polygonal shape. This structure was delivered to a local evacuation site and set up immediately after the Noto Peninsula earthquake that occurred on New Year's Day, 2024, and is being used by evacuees as an evacuation structure. Because the structure is made of cardboard, it is easy to modify, and people can write "My House" on the wall instead of a nameplate, and hangers can be hung on the wall with thumbtacks, providing a place of refuge for evacuees who have lost everything.

[0070] - For structures to be installed indoors, if the walls are made of cardboard, evacuees can easily write their thoughts on life on the walls, which will help them develop the vitality to live. In Example 1, a composite structure assembled using square-shaped structures was described. However, the planar shape of the structures that make up the composite structure is not limited. For example, square and octagonal structures may be combined. The number of structures used is also not limited. Furthermore, it goes without saying that overlapping wall panels of the structures may be omitted or retained. In the above embodiment, the use for evacuation purposes is described, but the use is not limited thereto, and it may be used as, for example, a changing room for construction work, a simple toilet room, or a school assembly room, and is not limited thereto. The embodiments disclosed herein are illustrative in all respects and should not be considered limiting. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the above description, but is defined by the claims, and is intended to include all modifications within the meaning and scope of the claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0071] 1,2...structure, 10...wall panel, 11...wall rib, 12...floor rib, 13...break line, 14...folding line, 15...openable portion, 16...standing wall portion, 17...both sides, 20...roof panel, 21...inclined rib, 23...break line, 24...break line, 30...roof panel, 31...inclined rib, 33...break line, 34...break line, 40...roof panel, 41...inclined rib, 42...vertical rib, 43...break line, 44...lower rib, 50...through hole, 60...Wall part, 61...Wall part, 70...Roof section, 71...Roof section, 80...wheelchair entrance / exit, 81...wheel, 90...Connector, 91...Connector, 92...Folding line, 93...Side part, 94...Central part, 95...Through hole, 96...Central protruding piece, 97...Side protruding piece, 98...Side protruding piece, 100…Composite structure, 110…Composite structure

Claims

1. In a structure consisting of multiple roof panels and wall panels that surround a space where people stay, A structure in which the roof boards and the wall boards are each made of cardboard boards of standardized size and shape, An opening can be formed in the center of the wall panel; The roof shingle connection portions are provided on both edges of each of the roof shingles in stripes so as to be bent outward, and the roof downward bending portions are provided on the lower edges of each of the roof shingles in stripes so as to be bent inward, Wall panel connection portions are provided on both edges of each of the wall panels in a strip-like shape so as to be bent outward, and wall downward bending portions are provided on the lower edges of each of the wall panels in a strip-like shape so as to be bent outward, through holes are provided at positions where adjacent pairs of bent roof panel connecting portions face each other and at positions where adjacent pairs of bent wall panel connecting portions face each other, The roof panel connecting portions are bent and connecting members are connected to the adjacent through holes to form a polygonal pyramid-shaped roof portion, and the roof downward bending portion is bent downward, The wall panel connecting portion is bent and connecting members are connected to adjacent through holes to form a polygonal pillar-shaped wall portion, The roof downward bending portion covers the top of the wall portion and is connected to the wall portion, and the wall downward bending portion is bent outward and contacts the floor. A structure characterized by:

2. A break line and a fold line are provided around the position of the opening, The break lines are provided at least on a central vertical line of the opening and on the upper and lower edges of the opening, and the fold lines are provided on both side edges of the opening, The break line is cut, the opening is made from the position of the central vertical line, and the opening is made by folding along the folding line.

2. The structure of claim 1.

3. The connector is made of cardboard and has a central portion and side portions bent left and right from the central portion, The central portion includes a central protruding piece that protrudes upward and downward, Each of the side portions has a side portion protruding piece at least on either the upper or lower side, The side portion protruding pieces are spaced apart from the folding lines with the central portion by a distance corresponding to the overlapping of cardboard sheets, The side portions are bent to face each other, and the side portion protruding pieces are folded back and narrowed, and then passed through the through holes. After that, in a state where the side portion protruding pieces are folded back, The central protruding piece and the side protruding pieces sandwich the stacked cardboard sheets that form the roof panel connecting portion or the wall panel connecting portion.

3. The structure according to claim 1 or claim 2.

4. The cardboard board is made up of an upper surface material, a middle surface material, a lower surface material, and two corrugated board materials having different bending heights, One corrugated sheet is disposed between the top surface material and the middle surface material, and the other corrugated sheet is disposed between the middle surface material and the bottom surface material.

3. The structure according to claim 1 or claim 2.

5. Furthermore, a horizontal break line is provided at the center of the height direction of the opening, Cutting the horizontal break line, the central vertical line, and the break lines at the upper edge, An upper part of the opening is opened to form a window opening.

3. The structure of claim 2.

6. A composite structure in which a plurality of the structures according to claim 1 or 2 are integrated, The wall panels of each wall panel disposed on the outer periphery of the composite structure are connected to each other through wall panel joints; The internal spaces of the structures forming the composite structure are integrated. A composite structure characterized by:

7. A composite structure in which a plurality of the structures according to claim 3 are integrated, The wall panels of each wall panel disposed on the outer periphery of the composite structure are connected to each other through wall panel joints; The internal spaces of the structures forming the composite structure are integrated. A composite structure characterized by:

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