Antenna device and antenna device having multilayer structure

Abstract

To provide an antenna device and an antenna device having a multilayer structure which can reduce the number of BFIC, and can reduce manufacture cost.SOLUTION: An antenna device includes a plurality of radiators 111, a plurality of first feed-in parts 151, a plurality of second feed-in parts 152, a plurality of phase couplers 121, and a plurality of beamforming units including a plurality of transmitting beamforming units 131 and a plurality of receiving beamforming units 132, wherein the phase couplers 121 are connected so as to be associated with the first feed-in parts 151 and the respective second feed-in parts 152, projection areas in the corresponding radiators 111 of the respective first feed-in parts 151 and the respective second feed-in parts 152 at least partially overlap each other, and the respective phase couplers 121 are connected to the one transmitting beamforming unit 131 and the one receiving beamforming unit 132, respectively.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 15

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an antenna device and an antenna device having a multi-layer structure. [Background technology]

[0002] In related technologies, analog phase-controlled array antennas always require a beamforming module such as a beamformer integrated circuit (BFIC) to realize beam synthesis and control the beam angle of the phase-controlled array antenna. Because the BFIC is expensive, it is necessary to fully utilize the interface in the BFIC.

[0003] However, when multiple circularly polarized antennas are used to form a phase-controlled array antenna, each conventional transmitting antenna typically requires two radio frequency output interfaces of the same TxBFIC, and each receiving antenna typically requires two radio frequency input interfaces of the same RxBFIC, as shown in Figure 13. This obviously increases the number of BFICs used and increases manufacturing costs. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] In view of the above, the present application provides an antenna device and an antenna device having a multi-layer structure that can fully utilize the interfaces in the BFIC, reduce the number of BFICs arranged, and reduce manufacturing costs. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] An antenna device according to a first aspect of the present application comprises a plurality of radiators, a plurality of first feed-in sections, a plurality of second feed-in sections provided in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of first feed-in sections, a plurality of phase couplers in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of radiators, and a plurality of beam forming units including a plurality of transmitting beam forming units and a plurality of receiving beam forming units; Each of the phase couplers is connected to each of the first feed-in sections and each of the second feed-in sections, wherein the projected areas of the first feed-in portions and the second feed-in portions on the corresponding radiators at least partially overlap each other; Each of the phase couplers is connected to one of the transmit beam forming units and one of the receive beam forming units.

[0006] In one embodiment, each radiator functions as a receive antenna at a first time and as a transmit antenna at a second time.

[0007] In one embodiment, the plurality of radiators includes a plurality of first radiators and a plurality of second radiators, and the plurality of first radiators and the plurality of second radiators are arranged on different planes; The plurality of first radiators and the plurality of second radiators are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of phase couplers.

[0008] In one embodiment, the antenna device includes a plurality of multiplexers distributed in different planes, and the plurality of multiplexers are used to connect the plurality of transmit beamforming units or the plurality of receive beamforming units in parallel with each other.

[0009] In one embodiment, the antenna device includes a plurality of coupling slots, and the plurality of coupling slots are provided in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of first feed-in portions and the plurality of second feed-in portions.

[0010] A second aspect of the present invention provides an antenna device having a multilayer structure, comprising: at least one radiation layer provided in at least one layer of the multilayer structure and having a plurality of radiators arranged thereon; a first feed-in layer and a second feed-in layer, each of which is provided on a different planar layer in the multilayer structure; a plurality of phase couplers provided in at least one layer of the multilayer structure; a plurality of beamforming units provided on at least a surface layer of the multi-layer structure, the beamforming units including a plurality of transmitting beamforming units and a plurality of receiving beamforming units; a plurality of first feed-in portions are arranged in the first feed-in layer, a plurality of second feed-in portions are arranged in the second feed-in layer, and the plurality of first feed-in portions are provided in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of second feed-in portions; Each phase coupler is connected to each of the first feed-in sections and each of the second feed-in sections, and the plurality of phase couplers are connected to the plurality of radiators in a one-to-one correspondence; wherein the projected areas of the first feed-in portions and the second feed-in portions on the corresponding radiators at least partially overlap each other; Each of the phase couplers is connected to one of the transmit beam forming units and one of the receive beam forming units.

[0011] In one embodiment, each radiator functions as a receive antenna at a first time and as a transmit antenna at a second time.

[0012] In one embodiment, the at least one emissive layer comprises a first emissive layer and a second emissive layer provided in different planar layers of the multi-layer structure; the plurality of radiators includes a plurality of first radiators and a plurality of second radiators; the plurality of first radiators are arranged on the first radiation layer, and the plurality of second radiators are arranged on the second radiation layer; The plurality of first radiators and the plurality of second radiators are provided in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of phase couplers.

[0013] In one embodiment, the antenna device includes a plurality of multiplexers distributed in different planar layers in the multi-layer structure, and the plurality of multiplexers are used to connect the plurality of transmit beamforming units or the plurality of receive beamforming units in parallel with each other.

[0014] In one embodiment, the antenna device includes a plurality of coupling slots arranged in the same planar layer of the multi-layer structure, and the plurality of coupling slots are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of first feed-in sections and the plurality of second feed-in sections.

[0015] In the antenna device provided by the present invention, one radiator is connected to one transmit beamforming unit and one receive beamforming unit via one phase coupler, respectively. The phase couplers allow two electrical signals with a phase difference of 90 degrees to be transmitted between the transmit beamforming unit and the radiator, and between the receive beamforming unit and the radiator, so that each radiator is connected to only one radio frequency output interface of one transmit beamforming unit and one radio frequency input interface of one receive beamforming unit via one phase coupler. This allows a circular polarization effect to be generated when the antenna device receives or transmits radio signals, effectively reducing the number of beamforming modules in the antenna device, thereby reducing the design area and manufacturing costs of the antenna device and contributing to the realization of a more compact product design. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0016] [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic diagram of a module of an antenna device provided by an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the phase coupler shown in FIG. [Figure 3A] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a second multiplexer shown in FIG. [Figure 3B] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of a second multiplexer shown in FIG. [Figure 4] 1 is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between a transmit beam forming unit, a receive beam forming unit, an LNA, a phase coupler, and a radiator in one embodiment of the present application. FIG. [Figure 5A] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a current path in a phase coupler when a radiator is a receiving antenna in one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 5B] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a current path in a phase coupler when a radiator is a transmitting antenna in one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the distribution of current intensity in a phase coupler when a radiator is a receiving antenna in an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 7] 1 is a schematic diagram of a phase difference between a first signal end and a second signal end measured by a phase coupler when a radiator transmits / receives a signal in an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 8] 4 is a curve diagram showing the transmission coefficient between the first signal end and the second signal end when the radiator receives a signal in the Ku band in one embodiment of the present application; FIG. [Figure 9] 4 is a curve diagram illustrating the transmission coefficient between a first signal end and a second signal end when a radiator transmits a signal in Ku band in one embodiment of the present application; FIG. [Figure 10A] 1 is a diagram illustrating the distribution of current intensity in a phase coupler when a radiator functions as a receiving antenna and energy flows from the first signal end and the second signal end to the receiving port in one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 10B] 1 is a diagram illustrating the distribution of current intensity in a phase coupler when a radiator functions as a transmitting antenna and energy flows from a transmitting port to a first signal end and a second signal end in an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 11]2 is a schematic diagram of an isolation curve between a receiving port and a transmitting port of a phase coupler when the radiator shown in FIG. 1 receives / transmits a signal in the Ku band through the phase coupler. [Figure 12] 2 is a curve showing the return loss of the receiving port, transmitting port, first signal end, and second signal end of a phase coupler measured when the radiator shown in FIG. 1 receives / transmits a signal in the Ku band. [Figure 13] 1 is a schematic diagram showing a case in which a circularly polarized antenna in the related art is connected to multiple beamforming modules. [Figure 14] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating eight combinations of radiators and phase couplers in one embodiment of the present application connected to the same transmit beam forming unit and the same receive beam forming unit. [Figure 15] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present application in which eight combinations of phase couplers connected to radiators via feed-in sections are connected to the same transmit beamforming unit and the same receive beamforming unit. [Figure 16] This is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present application in which eight combinations formed by coupling phase couplers to radiators in the radiating area via feed-in sections are connected to the same transmit beam forming unit and the same receive beam forming unit. [Figure 17] 1 is a comparative schematic diagram showing the isolation curve between the transmitting port and the receiving port of a phase coupler in an embodiment of the present application in which a radiator is directly connected to the phase coupler and the antenna device does not have a feed-in section and a coupling section, and the isolation curve between the transmitting port and the receiving port of a phase coupler in which the antenna device has a feed-in section and a coupling section and the phase coupler is connected to the radiator via the feed-in section and the coupling section. [Figure 18] 1 is an overall plan view of an antenna device provided according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 19]1 is a cross-sectional view of an antenna device having a multi-layer structure provided by an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 20] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of an antenna device having a multi-layer structure provided by another embodiment of the present application. [Figure 21] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of an antenna device having a multi-layer structure provided by another embodiment of the present application. [Figure 22] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of an antenna device having a multi-layer structure provided by another embodiment of the present application. [Figure 23] 22 is a partially exploded schematic diagram of an antenna device when the antenna device having the multilayer structure shown in FIG. 21 is used. [Figure 24] 24 is a schematic diagram of a coupling layer, a first feed-in layer, a second feed-in layer, a cavity layer, and a ground layer in FIG. 23. FIG. [Figure 25] 23 is a partially exploded schematic diagram of an antenna device when the antenna device having the multilayer structure shown in FIG. 22 is used. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0017] Hereinafter, the technical aspects of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, and are not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] It should be noted that when one element is said to be "electrically connected" to another element, this may be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element. Also, when one element is said to be "electrically connected" to another element, this may be a contact connection, such as a wire connection, or a non-contact connection, such as a non-contact coupling.

[0019] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention pertains. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.

[0020] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, several embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other if not inconsistent.

[0021] In related technology, analog phase-controlled array antennas always require a beamforming module such as a beamformer integrated circuit (BFIC) to realize beam synthesis and control the beam angle of the phase-controlled array antenna. Because the BFIC is expensive, it is necessary to fully utilize the interface in the BFIC.

[0022] However, as shown in Figure 13, when multiple circularly polarized antennas (e.g., the transmitting antenna 111a and the receiving antenna 111b in Figure 13) are used to form a phase-controlled array antenna, each transmitting antenna 111a typically needs to occupy two radio frequency output interfaces Pn_Tx of the same transmitting beamforming unit 131 (TxBFIC), and each receiving antenna 111b typically needs to occupy two radio frequency input interfaces Pn_Rx of the same receiving beamforming unit 132 (RxBFIC). This inevitably increases the usage of BFICs and increases manufacturing costs.

[0023] Based on this, it is necessary to provide an antenna device and an antenna device having a multi-layer structure that can fully utilize the interfaces in the BFIC, reduce the number of BFICs deployed, and reduce manufacturing costs.

[0024] Please refer to Fig. 1. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a module of an antenna device 10 provided by one embodiment of the present application. The antenna device 10 is used to communicate with a low-earth orbit satellite (not shown). The antenna device 10 may be an independent signal transmitting / receiving device, or may be installed in another device to realize wireless communication of the device based on the low-earth orbit satellite.

[0025] The antenna device 10 includes an array antenna 11, a phase coupler module 12, and a beamforming module 13. The array antenna 11 includes a plurality of radiators 111, and the phase coupler module 12 includes a plurality of phase couplers 121. The plurality of phase couplers 121 are provided in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of radiators 111. The beamforming module 13 includes a plurality of pairs of signal terminals. The plurality of pairs of signal terminals are connected to the plurality of phase couplers 121 in one-to-one correspondence. Each of the plurality of pairs of signal terminals includes a radio frequency output interface (Pn_Tx, n is a positive integer indicating the number of the pair) and a radio frequency input interface (Pn_Rx). That is, each radiator 111 is connected to a corresponding pair of signal terminals in the beamforming module 13 via a corresponding phase coupler 121.

[0026] As can be appreciated, each radiator 111 can be used as a receiving antenna at a first time and as a transmitting antenna at a second time. That is, each radiator 111 can be used to transmit and receive radio signals to realize wireless communication based on low-earth orbit satellites. Each radiator 111 can be a circularly polarized antenna to reduce the effect of the ionosphere on satellite communication. The radiators 111 described herein are circularly polarized antennas.

[0027] In some embodiments, each phase coupler (hybrid coupler) 121 may be a 90-degree phase coupler (90-degree hybrid coupler) such as a 90-degree power distributor (quadrature hybrid divider). Each phase coupler 121 includes a transmit port Tx, a receive port Rx, a first signal end F1, and a second signal end F2. Here, the radiation field types of the transmit port Tx and the receive port Rx of the phase coupler 121 may be opposite circular polarization field types. For example, the radiation field type of the transmit port Tx may be either a left-handed circular polarization radiation field type or a right-handed circular polarization radiation field type, and the radiation field type of the receive port Rx may be either a left-handed circular polarization radiation field type or a right-handed circular polarization radiation field type.

[0028] The beamforming module 13 includes a plurality of beamforming units for forming a beamforming module control system. The plurality of beamforming units connect the plurality of radiators 111 in the array antenna 11 via a plurality of phase couplers 121. In some embodiments, each beamforming unit may include at least one transmit beamforming unit 131 and at least one receive beamforming unit 132. In some embodiments, the beamforming units may be, but are not limited to, a beamforming integrated circuit (BFIC). The transmit beamforming unit 131 may be, but is not limited to, a transmit beamforming integrated circuit (TxBFIC). The receive beamforming unit 132 may be, but is not limited to, a receive beamforming integrated circuit (RxBFIC). The TxBFIC and RxBFIC shown in FIG. 1 are exemplarily represented by the transmit beamforming unit 131 and the receive beamforming unit 132, respectively.

[0029] In some embodiments, each transmit beamforming unit 131 may be connected to multiple emitters 111 via multiple phase couplers 121 in the phase coupler module 12 to form beamforming signals and transmit radio wave beams at a specific directivity angle (or beamforming angle) via the connected multiple emitters 111. Each receive beamforming unit 132 may be connected to multiple emitters 111 via multiple phase couplers 121 in the phase coupler module 12 to receive radio wave beams at a specific directivity angle (or beamforming angle) via the connected multiple emitters 111 and form beamforming signals. One transmit beamforming unit 131 may be paired with one receive beamforming unit 132 into a beamforming unit set and connected to the same multiple emitters 111. Each beamforming unit may include one transmit beamforming unit 131 and one receive beamforming unit 132. 1 illustrates only an example in which one transmit beamforming unit 131 is connected to two corresponding radiators 111 via two phase couplers 121. The more radio frequency output interfaces (Pn_Tx) one transmit beamforming unit 131 has, the more phase couplers 121 one transmit beamforming unit 131 can be connected to a corresponding and larger number of radiators 111. Similarly, FIG. 1 illustrates only an example in which one receive beamforming unit 132 is connected to two corresponding radiators 111 via two phase couplers 121. The more radio frequency input interfaces (Pn_Rx) one receive beamforming unit 132 has, the more phase couplers 121 one receive beamforming unit 132 can be connected to a corresponding and larger number of radiators 111.As can be understood, there is a limit to the number of radio frequency output interfaces (Pn_Tx) of one transmit beam forming unit 131 and the number of radio frequency input interfaces (Pn_Rx) of one receive beam forming unit 132. Therefore, in the present application, as described above, multiple transmit beam forming units 131 and multiple receive beam forming units 132 are connected to multiple phase couplers 121 to reduce the number of radio frequency output interfaces (Pn_Tx) and radio frequency input interfaces (Pn_Rx) used for each radiator 111.

[0030] In some embodiments, the array formed by the beamforming module 13 may be divided into multiple beamforming unit regions. Each beamforming unit region may include a predetermined number of beamforming units. The number of beamforming units in each beamforming unit region may be the same. In some embodiments, the beamforming module 13 may be divided into two, three, four, or more sets of beamforming unit regions according to design and practical needs. This is not a limitation of the present application. In some embodiments, the multiple sets of beamforming unit regions formed by the beamforming module 13 are determined by the arrangement positions of the correspondingly connected multiple radiators 111 in the antenna device 10. That is, multiple radiators 111 arranged adjacently or in a surrounding arrangement are connected to a transmit beamforming unit 131 and corresponding receive beamforming units 132, and the multiple transmit beamforming units 131 and corresponding receive beamforming units 132 arranged adjacently or in a surrounding arrangement constitute one set of beamforming unit regions. In some embodiments, each beamforming unit area includes at least one transmit beamforming unit 131 and at least one receive beamforming unit 132. As can be appreciated, in some embodiments, the beamforming module 13 further includes multiple control units (not shown). The control units are used to process electrical signals and data of the at least one transmit beamforming unit 131 and at least one receive beamforming unit 132 in the connected beamforming unit area. In some embodiments, the number of beamforming units included in each beamforming unit area is equal. For example, each beamforming unit area includes 64 sets of beamforming units. In some embodiments, the number of transmit beamforming units 131 and receive beamforming units 132 included in each beamforming unit area is equal.For example, each beamforming unit area includes 64 transmit beamforming units 131 and 64 receive beamforming units 132.

[0031] In some embodiments, the antenna device 10 further includes a plurality of low noise amplifiers (LNAs) 18. Each receive beamforming unit 132 can be connected to a corresponding plurality of radiators 111 via a plurality of LNAs 18 and a plurality of phase couplers 121. The LNAs 18 can be used to obtain radio wave beams from the plurality of radiators 111, amplify the beams, and output them to the receive beamforming unit 132. The receive beamforming unit 132 can obtain and analyze the radio wave beams from the radiators 111 via the LNAs 18, and form a beamforming signal.

[0032] In FIG. 1, multiple phase couplers 121 are used to transmit electrical signals between multiple signal terminals and multiple radiators 111. When each radiator 111 is a transmitting antenna, the electrical signal provided by the corresponding phase coupler 121 is converted into a radio signal via radio waves and then transmitted. When each radiator 111 is a receiving antenna, it receives radio waves via a radio transmission medium (e.g., air), converts the radio waves into an electrical signal, and outputs the electrical signal via the corresponding phase coupler 121. Here, each phase coupler 121 includes one transmitting port Tx, one receiving port Rx, one first signal terminal F1, and one second signal terminal F2. In each phase coupler 121, the transmitting port Tx and the receiving port Rx are located on one side of the phase coupler 121, and the first signal terminal F1 and the second signal terminal F2 are located on the other side of the phase coupler 121. Here, each phase coupler 121 is connected to one transmitting beam forming unit 131 and one receiving beam forming unit 132. Specifically, each phase coupler 121 is connected to one radio frequency output interface Pn_Tx (n is a positive integer) of one transmit beam forming unit 131 through one transmit port Tx, and is connected to one radio frequency input port Pn_Rx of one receive beam forming unit 132 through one receive port Rx. The same phase coupler 121 is also used to connect to the same set of signal ends. That is, each radiator 111 is connected to a corresponding set of signal ends through a corresponding phase coupler 121. Taking the two radiators 111 shown in FIG. 1 as an example, one radiator 111 is connected to a first set of signal ends (including one radio frequency output interface P1_Tx of one transmit beam forming unit 131 and one radio frequency input interface P1_Rx of one receive beam forming unit 132) through a corresponding phase coupler 121.The other radiator 111 is connected to an n-th set of signal ends (including one radio frequency output interface Pn_Tx of one transmit beam forming unit 131 and one radio frequency input interface Pn_Rx of one receive beam forming unit 132) via another corresponding phase coupler 121. Specifically, one transmit port Tx of one phase coupler 121 is connected to one radio frequency output interface P1_Tx of one transmit beam forming unit 131. The receive port Rx of one phase coupler 121 is connected to one radio frequency input interface P1_Rx of one receive beam forming unit 132 via an LNA 18. The first signal end F1 and the second signal end F2 of one phase coupler 121 are respectively connected to two feed-in points (not shown) of one radiator 111. The transmit port Tx of the other phase coupler 121 is connected to one radio frequency output interface Pn_Tx of one transmit beam forming unit 131. The receiving port Rx of the other phase coupler 121 is connected to one radio frequency input interface Pn_Rx of one receiving beamforming unit 132 via an LNA 18. The first signal end F1 and the second signal end F2 of the other phase coupler 121 are respectively connected to two feed-in points (not shown) of another radiator 111.

[0033] Please refer to FIGS. 1 and 2 together. In one embodiment, the phase coupler 121 may be made of a conductive material such as metal. As shown in FIG. 2, the phase coupler 121 includes a first folded segment 1211, a second folded segment 1212, a first vertical segment 1213, a second vertical segment 1214, a first connecting segment 1215, a second connecting segment 1216, a third connecting segment 1217, and a fourth connecting segment 1218. Among these, the first folded segment 1211 has a substantially inverted U-shape, and the second folded segment 1212 has a substantially U-shape. Both ends of the first vertical segment 1213 are connected to a first end of the first folded segment 1211 and a first end of the second folded segment 1212, respectively. Both ends of the second vertical segment 1214 are connected to a second end of the first folded segment 1211 and a second end of the second folded segment 1212, respectively. Thus, the first bent segment 1211, the second bent segment 1212, the first vertical segment 1213, and the second vertical segment 1214 form a generally elliptical shape after being connected to one another. A first end of the first connecting segment 1215 is connected to a first end of the first bent segment 1211. A second end of the first connecting segment 1215 extends a predetermined distance in a direction away from the first vertical segment 1213. Moreover, the first connecting segment 1215 is connected to the first vertical segment 1213 generally perpendicularly. A second end of the first connecting segment 1215 functions as a receiving port Rx of the phase coupler 121. A first end of the second connecting segment 1216 is connected to a first end of the second bent segment 1212. A second end of the second connecting segment 1216 extends a predetermined distance in a direction away from the first vertical segment 1213. Moreover, the second connection segment 1216 is connected to the first vertical segment 1213 at a substantially perpendicular angle. A second end of the second connection segment 1216 functions as a transmit port Tx of the phase coupler 121. The third connection segment 1217 and the fourth connection segment 1218 are both substantially bent. A first end of the third connection segment 1217 is connected to a second end of the first bent segment 1211.A second end of the third connection segment 1217 is bent in a substantially inverted U-shape and extends in a direction away from the second vertical segment 1214. The second end of the third connection segment 1217 functions as a first signal end F1 of the phase coupler 121. A first end of the fourth connection segment 1218 is connected to a second end of the second bent segment 1212. A second end of the fourth connection segment 1218 is bent in a substantially U-shape and extends in a direction away from the second vertical segment 1214. The second end of the fourth connection segment 1218 functions as a second signal end F2 of the phase coupler 121.

[0034] In some embodiments, the length L1 of the first folded segment 1211 and the second folded segment 1212 is approximately λ / 4. The length L2 of the first vertical segment 1213 and the second vertical segment 1214 is approximately λ / 4. Here, the frequency reference point of the wavelength may be 12 GHz. In other embodiments, other frequency points in the Ku band may be selected as the frequency reference point of the wavelength. As can be understood, the widths of the first folded segment 1211, the second folded segment 1212, the first vertical segment 1213, and the second vertical segment 1214 are related to the impedance of the phase coupler 121. More specifically, the smaller the impedance of the phase coupler 121, the larger the widths of the first folded segment 1211, the second folded segment 1212, the first vertical segment 1213, and the second vertical segment 1214. In one embodiment, the impedance of the first vertical segment 1213, the second vertical segment 1214, the first connecting segment 1215, the second connecting segment 1216, the third connecting segment 1217, and the fourth connecting segment 1218 is Z0, and the impedance of the first folded segment 1211 and the second folded segment 1212 is Z0 / √2, where Z0 may be the impedance of the entire phase coupler 121. In one embodiment, to set the impedance Z0 of the entire phase coupler 1211 to 50 ohms, the widths W1 of the first folded segment 1211 and the second folded segment 1212 are adjusted so that the impedances of the first folded segment 1211 and the second folded segment 1212 are all Z0 / √2, or 35.36 ohms. Furthermore, the widths W2 of the first vertical segment 1213 and the second vertical segment 1214 are adjusted so that the impedances of the first vertical segment 1213 and the second vertical segment 1214 are all approximately Z0, that is, 50 ohms.It can be understood that, because the impedance Z0 / √2 of the first folded segment 1211 and the second folded segment 1212 is smaller than the impedance Z0 of the first vertical segment 1213 and the second vertical segment 1214, the width W1 of the first folded segment 1211 and the second folded segment 1212 is larger than the width W2 of the first vertical segment 1213 and the second vertical segment 1214. It can be understood that the present application does not specifically limit the impedance and length of the first folded segment 1211, the second folded segment 1212, the first vertical segment 1213, and the second vertical segment 1214. In other embodiments, as long as the phase coupler 121 can achieve impedance matching, the impedance and length of the first folded segment 1211, the second folded segment 1212, the first vertical segment 1213, and the second vertical segment 1214 can also be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0035] Please refer to Figures 1, 3A, and 3B together. In some embodiments, the antenna apparatus 10 may have multiple planes, and accordingly, the antenna apparatus 10 may also include multiple multiplexers 14 distributed on different planes. Specifically, the antenna apparatus 10 includes at least one multiplexer 14 distributed on different planes. The multiple multiplexers 14 are connected to the beamforming module 13. The multiple multiplexers 14 are used to connect multiple transmit beamforming units 131 or multiple receive beamforming units 132 in parallel. That is, the multiple multiplexers 14 conduct electrical signals to the beamforming module 13, connecting each transmit beamforming unit 131 in the beamforming module 13 in parallel to the same transmit signal output point and connecting each receive beamforming unit 132 in the beamforming module 13 in parallel to the same receive signal input point, thereby achieving the effect of signal power overlay after beamforming. Specifically, the multiple multiplexers 14 include a plurality of first multiplexers 141 and a plurality of second multiplexers 142. In some embodiments, the plurality of first multiplexers 141 are connected between a transmit signal output point and a plurality of transmit beam forming units 131. In some embodiments, the plurality of second multiplexers 142 are connected between a receive signal output point and a plurality of receive beam forming units 132. More specifically, the plurality of first multiplexers 141 are connected between the transmit signal output point and the plurality of transmit beam forming units 131, and convert a one-way transmit signal (Tx signal) output from the transmit signal output point into a multi-way transmit signal having the same transmit power and output it to each transmit beam forming unit 131. The plurality of transmit beam forming units 131 are connected in parallel with each other.More specifically, the second multiplexers 142 are connected between the reception signal output point and the reception beamforming units 132, and aggregate the multi-way beamforming signals received by each reception beamforming unit 132 into a single-way reception signal (Rx signal), and output it via the reception signal output point. The reception beamforming units 132 are connected in parallel with each other.

[0036] As can be understood, multiple multiplexers 14 may be arranged on different planes of the antenna device 10. That is, by arranging multiple multiplexers 14 (e.g., the first multiplexer 141 or the second multiplexer 142) on different planes of the antenna device 10, the surface area of ​​the antenna device 10 can be reduced. Here, the multiplexers 14 located on different planes can be connected through via holes (not shown). In some embodiments, one of the first multiplexer 141 and the second multiplexer 142 can be distributed on a different plane (e.g., a different circuit board layer) of the antenna device 10, and the other of the first multiplexer 141 and the second multiplexer 142 can be distributed on the same plane of the antenna device 10. This avoids the first multiplexer 141 and the second multiplexer 142 being located on the same plane, and further avoids the surface area of ​​the antenna device 10 from becoming excessively large. In one specific embodiment, the first multiplexers 141 are distributed on the same plane of the antenna device 10, and the second multiplexers 142 are distributed on different planes of the antenna device 10. In another specific embodiment, the first multiplexers 141 are distributed on different planes of the antenna device 10, and the second multiplexers 142 are distributed on the same plane of the antenna device 10. Alternatively, the first multiplexers 141 may be same-layer multiplexers, and the second multiplexers 142 may be multi-layer multiplexers. Alternatively, the first multiplexers 141 may be multi-layer multiplexers, and the second multiplexers 142 may be same-layer multiplexers.

[0037] In one embodiment of the present application, each of the plurality of second multiplexers 142 is a multi-layer multiplexer, and each multi-layer multiplexer is distributed on a different plane. Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B , in some embodiments, the second multiplexer 142 may include a first end 1421, at least two second ends 1422, a connecting portion 1423, a first conductive portion 1424, and a second conductive portion 1425. In other embodiments, the plurality of first multiplexers 141 may be multi-layer multiplexers. For example, the plurality of first multiplexers 141 may be multi-layer multiplexers, while the plurality of second multiplexers 142 may be the same multi-layer multiplexers. Alternatively, for example, both the plurality of first multiplexers 141 and the plurality of second multiplexers 142 may be multi-layer multiplexers. This application will exemplarily describe a case where only the plurality of second multiplexers 142 is a multi-layer multiplexer. However, this application is not limited thereto.

[0038] In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B , the first end 1421 and the at least two second ends 1422 of the second multiplexer 142 are generally linear metal segments arranged generally parallel or non-parallel. The first end 1421 and the at least two second ends 1422 are arranged flush with each other and on the same plane of a circuit board (not shown in FIG. 3A , e.g., the first to fourth layers shown in FIG. 3B , e.g., the multilayer circuit board 120 shown in FIGS. 19 to 22 ). In some embodiments, the at least two second ends 1422 of the second multiplexer 142 may have a symmetrical or asymmetrical structure. For example, the two second ends 1422 may be arranged symmetrically or asymmetrically with respect to the first end 1421. When the at least two second ends 1422 are arranged parallel or symmetrically, the at least two second ends 1422 may have approximately the same signal conduction path, resulting in a better signal conduction effect.

[0039] The connecting portion 1423 is connected between the first end 1421 and at least two second ends 1422. The first end 1421 and the at least two second ends 1422 are provided on either side of the connecting portion 1423. The connecting portion 1423 includes a first connecting segment 14231 and a second connecting segment 14232. In some embodiments, the first connecting segment 14231 has a substantially linear metal segment structure, and the second connecting segment 14232 has a substantially rectangular ring-shaped metal segment structure. One end of the first connecting segment 14231 is connected to the first end 1421, and the other end of the first connecting segment 14231 is connected to approximately the middle of one long side of the second connecting segment 14232. At least two second ends 1422 are connected to the other long side of the second connecting segment 14232. In some embodiments, the connection portion 1423 may not be flush with the first end 1421 and the at least two second ends 1422, but may be located on a different plane of the circuit board (not shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, e.g., the first to fourth layers shown in FIG. 3B, e.g., the multilayer circuit board 120 shown in FIGS. 19 to 22). For example, the connection portion 1423 may be provided on the second layer of the circuit board. In some embodiments, the connection portion 1423 is provided on the second layer of the circuit board, which can facilitate routing with other second multiplexers 142. In some embodiments, the second connection segment 14232 may have other symmetrical regular shapes, such as a circle, an oval, or a rectangle. Moreover, the second connection segment 14232 has a symmetrical structure with respect to the first connection segment 14231.

[0040] In some embodiments, the first end 1421 and the at least two second ends 1422 have a first resistance value, and the connection 1423 has a second resistance value. Here, the first resistance value may be less than or equal to the second resistance value. The first resistance value may be 50 ohms (Ω), and the second resistance value may be 70.7 ohms, but are not limited to these values. In some embodiments, the one-way signal conduction path from the first end 1421 is divided into two-way signal conduction paths to the at least two second ends 1422. To equalize the energy, the connection 1423 connecting the first end 1421 and the at least two second ends 1422 conforms to the equation Z=√2*Z, where Z is the first resistance value of the first end 1421 and the at least two second ends 1422. That is, Z=50 ohms. Z is the second resistance value of the connecting portion 1423, and Z=70.7 ohms is calculated. Since the first end 1421 and the at least two second ends 1422 are provided with the same preset resistance value and the connecting portion 1423 is provided with a different preset resistance value, the energy transmitted by the first end 1421, the connecting portion 1423, and the at least two second ends 1422 is approximately equal, and the loss in energy transmission is reduced. Here, the first connecting segment 14231 is used to convert the first resistance value of the first end 1421 to the second resistance value of the connecting portion 1423, or to convert the second resistance value of the connecting portion 1423 to the first resistance value of the first end 1421 during energy transmission. In some embodiments, depending on the layout of the circuit board, the connection portion 1423 and the first end 1421 and at least two second ends 1422 may have different line widths so that the connection portion 1423 can have approximately equal signal transmission power as the first end 1421 and at least two second ends 1422.

[0041] The first conductive portion 1424 is connected between the first end 1421 and the connecting portion 1423, and also connects the layer or plane on which the first end 1421 is located to the layer or plane on which the connecting portion 1423 is located. That is, the first conductive portion 1424 connects the second layer and the third layer of the circuit board. In some embodiments, the first conductive portion 1424 is, but is not limited to, a metal post. One end of the metal post is connected to the first end 1421, and the other end of the metal post is connected to the first connecting segment 14231.

[0042] The second conductive portion 1425 is connected between at least two second ends 1422 and the connecting portion 1423, and also connects the layer or plane on which the at least two second ends 1422 are located to the layer or plane on which the connecting portion 1423 is located. That is, the second conductive portion 1425 connects the second layer and the third layer of the circuit board. In some embodiments, the second conductive portion 1425 is, but is not limited to, two metal posts. One end of each of the two metal posts is connected to at least two second ends 1422, and the other end of each of the two metal posts is connected to an end of the second connecting segment 14232 that is far from the first connecting segment 14231. In some embodiments, the extension line of the first connecting segment 14231 is approximately perpendicular to the connection line of the two second conductive portions 1425 (i.e., the two metal posts).

[0043] In some embodiments, each of the at least two second ends 1422 includes a connection point 14221 connected to the second conductive portion 1425. The second ends 1422 are formed to extend outward from the second conductive portion 1425 via the connection point 14221. Here, the direction in which the second ends 1422 extend outward from the connection point 14221 forms an angle θ with a direction perpendicular to the second connection segment 14232. In some embodiments, the angle θ may be in the range of 0 degrees to 90 degrees, but is not limited thereto.

[0044] As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B , in some embodiments, the signal conduction direction of the first end 1421 is substantially the same as the signal conduction direction of the at least two second ends 1422. In some embodiments, the vector difference between the signal conduction direction of the first end 1421 and the signal conduction direction of the at least two second ends 1422 may be between 0 and 90 degrees. Illustratively, the signal conduction direction of the first end 1421 is toward the first conductive portion 1424. The first conductive portion 1424 conducts an electrical signal to the first connection segment 14231. The signal conduction direction of the first connection segment 14231 is from the first conductive portion 1424 to the second connection segment 14232, but the signal conduction direction of the first end 1421 is consistent with the signal conduction direction of the first connection segment 14231. The signal conduction direction between the first end 1421 and the first connection segment 14231 may be defined as a first vector. The second connection segment 14232 receives an electrical signal from the first connection segment 14231 and conducts the electrical signal to two second conductive portions 1425. The at least two second ends 1422 are connected to the two second conductive portions 1425 via connection points 14221, respectively. The connection points 14221 serve as terminal points through which the electrical signals of the at least two second ends 1422 are transmitted. A structure along the at least two second ends 1422 serves as a conduction path for the electrical signals of the at least two second ends 1422. The direction of signal conduction of the at least two second ends 1422 can be defined as a second vector. The vector difference between the first vector and the second vector is 0 to 90 degrees.

[0045] 1, 3A, and 3B together. In some embodiments, each multiplexer 14 may further include a resistor (not shown in FIGS. 1 and 3A, for example, resistor 1426 in FIG. 3B). Each multiplexer 14 may be arranged on a different plane formed by a different substrate within the antenna device 10. Taking the second multiplexer 142 in FIGS. 3A and 3B as an example, the second multiplexer 142 may further include a resistor 1426. The resistor 1426 may be in contact with the second connection segment 14232 via the second conductive portion 1425. In some embodiments, the second multiplexer 142 may be arranged on multiple planes within the antenna device 10 (for example, the first to fourth layers in FIG. 3B). Moreover, the resistor 1426 is not arranged on the same plane as the first end 1421, the at least two second ends 1422, and the connection portion 1423. That is, the resistor 1426 is provided on a different plane from the first end 1421, the at least two second ends 1422, and the connecting portion 1423. For example, the plane on which the resistor 1426 is located is defined as the first layer. In some embodiments, the second conductive portion 1425 is connected to the resistor 1426, the second connecting segment 14232 of the connecting portion 1423, and the at least two second ends 1422, respectively. That is, the second conductive portion 1425 can connect the first layer, the second layer, and the third layer shown in FIG. 3B.

[0046] In some embodiments, the first layer on which the resistor 1426 is located may be a surface layer of the antenna device 10, and the fourth layer may be an internal layer of the antenna device 10. In this embodiment, the number of layers may be adjusted as needed, and the number of layers in FIG. 3B is shown for illustrative purposes only.

[0047] In some embodiments, the antenna device 10 may further include a first ground layer 60, a second ground layer 70, and a third ground layer 80, as shown in FIG. 3B.

[0048] The first ground layer 60 may be provided on the first layer and adjacent to the resistor 1426. The second ground layer 70 may be provided on the second layer and adjacent to the connection portion 1423. The third ground layer 80 is provided on the fourth layer and is located between the layer on which the array antenna 11 (see FIG. 1) is located and the layer on which the first end 1421 and at least two second ends 1422 are located. The first ground layer 60, the second ground layer 70, and the third ground layer 80 are used to ground the antenna device 10. Here, the second ground layer 70 and the third ground layer 80 can be reference grounds for the first end 1421 and at least two second ends 1422, and the third ground layer 80 can be a reference ground for the connection portion 1423. In some embodiments, the first ground layer 60 has an opening 62 provided corresponding to the connection portion 1423. This allows the connection portion 1423 to have a larger routing width on the corresponding planar layer, and reduces energy loss when the connection portion 1423 conducts an electrical signal.

[0049] In some embodiments, first through holes filled with a metal conductor are drilled from the second layer to the third layer to form first conductive portions 1424. The first conductive portions 1424 penetrate from the second layer to the third layer and connect to the connecting portions 1423 located on the second layer and the first ends 1421 located on the third layer to achieve electrical connection and electrical signal conduction between the connecting portions 1423 and the first ends 1421. Second through holes filled with a metal conductor are drilled from the first layer to the third layer to form second conductive portions 1425. The second conductive portions 1425 penetrate from the first layer to the third layer to connect to the resistor 1426 located on the first layer, the connecting portions 1423 located on the second layer, and at least two second ends 1422 located on the third layer, to achieve electrical connection and electrical signal conduction between the resistor 1426, the connecting portions 1423, and at least two second ends 1422. The first to fourth layers may be arranged in parallel with each other at intervals.

[0050] In some embodiments, when the first end 1421 and at least two second ends 1422 of the second multiplexer 142 are arranged on the same plane (i.e., the third layer) and the connecting portion 1423 is arranged on another plane (i.e., the second layer), obtaining the S-parameters of the second multiplexer 142 at that time reveals that the maximum overall loss of the second multiplexer 142 is approximately 3.41 dB. When the first end 1421, the at least two second ends 1422, and the connecting portion 1423 of the second multiplexer 142 are arranged on the same plane (e.g., the third layer) of a non-surface layer, obtaining the S-parameters of the second multiplexer 142 at that time reveals that the maximum overall loss of the second multiplexer 142 is approximately 4.91 dB. As can be seen, the loss becomes relatively larger as you move closer to the inner layer. In addition, in the embodiment of the present application, the first end 1421 and at least two second ends 1422 of the second multiplexer 142 and the connecting portion 1423 are arranged on different planes (particularly, the connecting portion 1423 is installed on an outer layer of the antenna device 10), which means that the signal conduction loss of the second multiplexer 142 distributed on different planes in the embodiment of the present application is relatively low compared to when the first end 1421 and at least two second ends 1422 and the connecting portion 1423 of the second multiplexer 142 are arranged on the same plane, which is advantageous for the second multiplexer 142 to be used for signal conduction in the antenna device 10, and also saves design space on the plane of the second multiplexer 142, making signal transmission and wiring in the antenna device 10 easier.

[0051] The first multiplexer 141 shown in FIG. 1 has substantially the same structure as the second multiplexer 142. The first multiplexer 141 includes a first end 1411, at least two second ends 1412, and a connecting portion 1413. The first multiplexer 141 differs from the second multiplexer 142 in that the first end 1411, at least two second ends 1412, and connecting portion 1413 of the first multiplexer 141 can be arranged on the same plane. That is, in some embodiments, each of the multiple first multiplexers 141 is a same-layer multiplexer, and each same-layer multiplexer is distributed on the same plane. This allows the first end 1411 of the first multiplexer 141 to be directly connected to the two second ends 1412 via the connecting portion 1413, without the need for a first conductive portion and a second conductive portion. In some embodiments, the first end 1411, the at least two second ends 1412, and the connecting portion 1413 of the first multiplexer 141 may be arranged to be located on the same plane as the surface layer of the antenna device 10. Here, a description of the configuration of the first multiplexer 141 will be omitted.

[0052] 1 and 3B, in the embodiment of the present application, multiple second multiplexers 142 form a cascade circuit configuration. Specifically, taking the cascade circuit configuration shown in FIG. 1 as an example, if the layer where the multiple second multiplexers 142 connected to the receive beamforming units 132 are located is defined as the first stage, multiple second multiplexers 142 are provided in the first stage circuit. The second terminal 1422 of each second multiplexer 142 is connected to a corresponding receive beamforming unit 132, and multiple beamforming signals received by each receive beamforming unit 132 are aggregated in the next stage. In this way, the number of second multiplexers 142 in the first stage circuit is half the number of connected receive beamforming units 132. In this way, of the cascade circuits formed by the multiple second multiplexers 142, only one second multiplexer 142 is provided in the final stage circuit. The first terminal 1421 of the second multiplexer 142 is connected to a received signal input point to combine the multiple beamforming signals into one received signal (Rx signal). In this case, the second multiplexer 142 may be a power combiner.

[0053] Referring again to FIG. 1 , in this embodiment, the plurality of first multiplexers 141 also form a cascade circuit structure. Specifically, taking the cascade circuit configuration shown in FIG. 1 as an example, if the layer where the first multiplexer 141 connected to the transmit signal input point for receiving the transmit signal (Tx signal) is located is defined as the first stage, only one first multiplexer 141 is provided in the first stage circuit. The first terminal 1411 of the first multiplexer 141 is connected to the transmit signal output point for receiving the transmit signal (Tx signal), and the two second terminals 1412 of the first multiplexer 141 are respectively connected to the first terminals 1411 of the other two first multiplexers 141 in the second stage circuit. In this way, the two second terminals 1412 of each first multiplexer 141 in the final stage circuit are respectively connected to the corresponding transmit beamforming units 131. That is, the number of first multiplexers 141 in the final stage circuit is half the number of transmit beamforming units 131 connected to the final stage circuit. In this case, the first multiplexers 141 may be a power divider such as a Wilkinson divider.

[0054] Continuing to refer to Figure 4, the following content will continue to explain the operation principle of the antenna device 10 provided in the present application by taking the configuration in which the radiator 111 shown in Figure 4 is connected to the corresponding phase coupler 121, LNA 18, transmit beam forming unit 131 and receive beam forming unit 132 as an example.

[0055] In some embodiments, the radiator 111 is a double-feed-in circularly polarized antenna. Each transmit beam-forming unit 131 includes a first phase shifter 1311, a first attenuator 1312, and a power amplifier 1313. Each receive beam-forming unit 132 includes a second attenuator 1321 and a second phase shifter 1322. In the transmit beam-forming unit 131, the first phase shifter 1311, the first attenuator 1312, and the power amplifier 1313 are connected in sequence, and the output end of the power amplifier 1313 is connected to the phase coupler 121. In the receive beam-forming unit 132, the second attenuator 1321 is connected to the second phase shifter 1322, and the second phase shifter 1322 is connected to the phase coupler 121 via the LNA 18. The first attenuator 1312 is used to adjust the microwave energy of the transmit beamforming unit 131, and the second attenuator 1321 is used to adjust the microwave energy of the receive beamforming unit 132. In this way, the first attenuator 1312 and the second attenuator 1321 ensure that the powers of the multiple beamforming modules 13 are consistent, thereby improving the accuracy of beam synthesis and angle switching. The first phase shifter 1311 is used to adjust the phase shifter of the microwave signal of the transmit beamforming unit 131, and the second phase shifter 1322 is used to adjust the phase shifter of the microwave signal of the receive beamforming unit 132. In this way, the first phase shifter 1311 and the second phase shifter 1322 ensure that the phases of the multiple beamforming modules 13 are consistent, thereby improving the accuracy of beam synthesis and angle switching.

[0056] 5A and 5B. FIG. 5A shows current paths P1 and P2 in the phase coupler 121 when the radiator 111 is a receiving antenna. FIG. 5B shows current paths P3 and P4 in the phase coupler 121 when the radiator 111 is a transmitting antenna. Because the phase coupler 121 is a 90° phase coupler, the phase difference between the current flowing to the receiving port Rx via the first signal terminal F1 (i.e., current path P1) and the current flowing to the receiving port Rx via the second signal terminal F2 (i.e., current path P2) is 90°. The phase difference between the current flowing to the first signal terminal F1 via the transmitting port Tx (i.e., current path P3) and the current flowing to the second signal terminal F2 via the transmitting port Tx (i.e., current path P4) is also 90°.

[0057] For example, refer also to Figure 6. Current path P1 in Figure 6 indicates the current path along which the electrical signal from the first signal terminal F1 flows to the receiving port Rx. Current path P2 in Figure 6 indicates the current path along which the electrical signal from the second signal terminal F2 flows to the receiving port Rx. As can be seen from Figure 6, the current phase in current path P2 lags behind the current phase in current path P1, so when the current intensity in the second signal terminal F2 is strong, the current intensity in the first signal terminal F1 is weak.

[0058] For another example, refer to FIG. 7. FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the phase difference between the first signal terminal F1 and the second signal terminal F2 measured by the phase coupler 121 when the radiator 111 transmits / receives a wireless signal. In some embodiments, the operating frequency band of the radiator 111 is in the Ku band, the operating frequency band for the radiator 111 to receive a wireless signal is 10.7 to 12.7 GHz, and the operating frequency band for the radiator 111 to transmit a wireless signal is 14.0 to 14.5 GHz. Here, when the operating frequency band of the radiator 111 is in the Ku band and current flows through the first signal terminal F1 and the second signal terminal F2 to the receive port Rx, the phase difference between the first signal terminal F1 and the second signal terminal F2 is measured to be approximately 90° (see curve L71). When the operating frequency band of the radiator 111 is in the Ku band and current flows through the first signal terminal F1 and the second signal terminal F2 via the transmitting port Tx, the phase difference between the first signal terminal F1 and the second signal terminal F2 is measured to be approximately 90° (see curve L72). As can be seen from FIG. 7, curves L71 and L72 maintain a stable 90° phase difference (e.g., a phase difference of 85° to 95°) in the Ku band. This explains that when the radiator 111 transmits or receives a signal in the Ku band, the phase difference between the first signal terminal F1 and the second signal terminal F2 is approximately 90°, which meets the condition for exciting circularly polarized waves with a phase difference of 90° (or a wavelength difference of 0.25).

[0059] Continuing with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9, FIG. 8 is a curve diagram of the transmission coefficient between the first signal terminal F1 and the second signal terminal F2 when the radiator 111 receives a radio signal in the Ku band. Here, the operating frequency band for the radiator 111 to receive a radio signal is 10.7 to 12.7 GHz. Here, curve L81 represents the curve of the transmission coefficient when energy flows from the first signal terminal F1 to the receiving port Rx when the radiator 111 receives a radio signal in the Ku band, and curve L82 represents the curve of the transmission coefficient when energy flows from the second signal terminal F2 to the receiving port Rx when the radiator 111 receives a radio signal in the Ku band. FIG. 9 is a curve diagram of the transmission coefficient between the first signal terminal F1 and the second signal terminal F2 when the radiator 111 transmits a radio signal in the Ku band. Here, the operating frequency band for the radiator 111 to transmit a radio signal is 14.0 to 14.5 GHz. Here, curve L91 represents the curve of the transmission coefficient when energy flows from the transmit port Tx to the first signal terminal F1 when the radiator 111 transmits a wireless signal in the Ku band, and curve L92 represents the curve of the transmission coefficient when energy flows from the transmit port Tx to the second signal terminal F2 when the radiator 111 transmits a wireless signal in the Ku band. As can be seen from Figures 8 and 9, by connecting the phase coupler 121 to the radiator 111, the transmission coefficients of the first signal terminal F1 and the second signal terminal F2 are more consistent when the radiator 111 receives / transmits a wireless signal in the Ku band. That is, the energies of the first signal terminal F1 and the second signal terminal F2 are approximately equal when the radiator 111 receives / transmits a signal, which meets the condition for exciting a circularly polarized wave, that is, the output / input energy is the same.

[0060] Continuing with reference to FIGS. 10A and 10B, FIG. 10A is a diagram illustrating the distribution of current intensity in the phase coupler 121 when the radiator 111 is used as a receiving antenna and energy from the first signal terminal F1 and the second signal terminal F2 flows to the receiving port Rx. FIG. 10B is a diagram illustrating the distribution of current intensity in the phase coupler 121 when the radiator 111 is used as a transmitting antenna and energy flows from the transmitting port Tx to the first signal terminal F1 and the second signal terminal F2. As can be seen from FIG. 10A, when energy from the first signal terminal F1 and the second signal terminal F2 flows to the receiving port Rx, the current distribution at the transmitting port Tx is relatively weak. As can be seen from FIG. 10B, when energy flows from the transmitting port Tx to the first signal terminal F1 and the second signal terminal F2, the current distribution at the receiving port Rx is relatively weak. Thus, the combination of the radiator 111 and the phase coupler 121 exhibits good isolation between the receiving port Rx and the transmitting port Tx.

[0061] Please refer to Figures 1 and 11 together. Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of an isolation curve between the receive port Rx and the transmit port Tx of the phase coupler 121 when the radiator 111 shown in Figure 1 receives / transmits a radio signal in the Ku band via the phase coupler 121. When the operating frequency band of the radiator 111 is the Ku band, the operating frequency band for the radiator 111 to receive a radio signal is 10.7 to 12.7 GHz, and the operating frequency band for the radiator 111 to transmit a radio signal is 14.0 to 14.5 GHz. As can be seen from Figure 11, when the combination of the radiator 111 and the phase coupler 121 receives / transmits a radio signal in the Ku band, the isolation between the receive port Rx and the transmit port Tx of the phase coupler 121 is greater than 10 dB.

[0062] Please refer to FIGS. 1 and 12 together. FIG. 12 is a curve diagram of the return loss of the receiving port Rx, the transmitting port Tx, the first signal terminal F1, and the second signal terminal F2 of the phase coupler 121 measured when the radiator 111 receives / transmits a radio signal in the Ku band. When the operating frequency band of the radiator 111 is the Ku band, the operating frequency band for the radiator 111 to receive a radio signal is 10.7 to 12.7 GHz, and the operating frequency band for the radiator 111 to transmit a radio signal is 14.0 to 14.5 GHz. Here, curve L121 is the curve diagram of the return loss of the receiving port Rx, curve L122 is the curve diagram of the return loss of the first signal terminal F1, curve L123 is the curve diagram of the return loss of the second signal terminal F2, and curve L124 is the curve diagram of the return loss of the transmitting port Tx. As can be seen from FIG. 12, the impedance frequency width of the return loss of each port in the phase coupler 121 can reach the usable frequency width of the Ku band.

[0063] As described above, the present application has revealed that by connecting one phase coupler 121 to one radiator 111 and connecting each of the phase couplers 121 to one transmitting beam forming unit 131 and one receiving beam forming unit 132, it is possible to excite a circularly polarized wave in the corresponding radiator 111. Specifically, only when one phase coupler 121 is connected to one set of signal ends (including one radio frequency output interface P1_Tx of one transmitting beam forming unit 131 and one radio frequency input interface P1_Rx of one receiving beam forming unit 132) of the multiple beam forming modules 13, it is possible to excite a circularly polarized wave in the corresponding radiator 111.

[0064] Continuing with reference to Figures 13 and 14, Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of a related art circularly polarized antenna connected to multiple beamforming modules. Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of eight combinations of radiators 111 and phase couplers 121 shown in one embodiment of the present application connected to the same transmit beamforming unit 131 and the same receive beamforming unit 132. As can be seen from Figure 14, each radiator 111 is connected to one radio frequency output interface Pn_Tx of the corresponding transmit beamforming unit 131 and one radio frequency input interface Pn_Rx of the corresponding receive beamforming unit 132 via a corresponding phase coupler 121. This allows the eight radiators 111 to transmit / receive radio signals via circular polarization using only one transmit beamforming unit 131 and one receive beamforming unit 132.

[0065] 13, a schematic diagram of a type of prior art circularly polarized antenna connected to multiple beamforming modules shows that if the transmit antenna and / or receive antenna are not connected to the phase coupler 121, each transmit antenna 111a must be connected to at least two radio frequency output interfaces Pn_Tx of at least one transmit beamforming unit (TxBFIC) to excite circularly polarized waves, and each receive antenna 111b must be connected to at least two radio frequency input interfaces Pn_Rx of at least one receive beamforming unit (RxBFIC) to excite circularly polarized waves. Thus, in FIG. 13, eight antenna units (including eight transmit antennas 111a and eight receive antennas 111b) require at least two transmit beamforming units (TxBFIC) 131 and two receive beamforming units (RxBFIC) 132 to enable the eight radiators 111 to transmit / receive wireless signals via circular polarization. Obviously, in the present application, one radiator 111 is connected to one transmit beam forming unit 131 and one receive beam forming unit 132 via one phase coupler 121, and in particular, one radiator 111 is connected to one radio frequency output interface Pn_Tx of one transmit beam forming unit 131 and one radio frequency input interface Pn_Rx of one receive beam forming unit 132 via one phase coupler 121. That is, it is possible to transmit and receive radio signals in circular polarization, which significantly reduces the usage of the transmit beam forming unit 131 and the receive beam forming unit 132 in the antenna device 10 and reduces manufacturing costs.

[0066] Referring again to FIG. 14, in the present application, a plurality of radiators 111 are arranged in a row, and in each row, two adjacent radiators 111 are spaced apart by a predetermined distance. Adjacent radiators 111 in every two rows are arranged with a shift in position, thereby forming an array arrangement, i.e., an array antenna. Illustratively, in the (N+1)th row, each radiator 111 is arranged with a shift in position between two adjacent radiators 111 in the (N)th row. Here, N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0067] The phase couplers 121 are provided corresponding to the radiators 111, and are provided between every two rows of adjacent radiators 111. Moreover, the centers of the radiators 111 and the centers of the phase couplers 121 are substantially on the same line.

[0068] Taking the radiator 111 in the upper left corner of Figure 14 as an example, in one embodiment of the present application, each radio frequency output interface Pn_Tx of the transmit beam forming unit 131 can be connected to the transmit port Tx of a corresponding one of the phase couplers 121 via a corresponding connection line 134. Similarly, each radio frequency input interface Pn_Rx of the receive beam forming unit 132 is connected to the LNA 18 via a connection line 134. The LNA 18 is further connected to the receive port Rx1 of a corresponding one of the phase couplers 121 via a connection line 134. In this embodiment, in order to further reduce the manufacturing cost of the antenna device 10, each of the two radio frequency input interfaces Pn_Rx of one receive beam forming unit 132 is connected to two receive ports, for example, the receive port Rx1 and the receive port Rx2, of the two corresponding two phase couplers 121 via one LNA 18, respectively.

[0069] As can be understood, beam combining is more advantageous when the radio frequency output interface Pn_Tx of the same transmit beamforming unit 131 outputs electrical signals with the same phase and output energy to the transmit ports Tx of the eight phase couplers 121 connected thereto, and when the phases and input energy of electrical signals input from the receive ports Rx of the eight phase couplers 121 to the radio frequency input interface Pn_Rx of the same receive beamforming unit 132 are the same. Therefore, in the present application, the lengths of the connecting lines 134 connecting the same transmit beamforming unit 131 to multiple transmit ports Tx can be made the same, the lengths of the connecting lines 134 connecting the same LNA 18 to two receive ports (e.g., Rx1 and Rx2) can be made the same, and the lengths of the connecting lines 134 connecting each radio frequency input interface Pn_Tx of the same receive beamforming unit 132 to the corresponding LNA 18 can be made the same. In some embodiments, one end of the same LNA 18 is connected to one receive beamforming unit 132 and the other end is connected to two receive ports Rx (two different emitters 111).

[0070] As can be understood, in order to reduce energy loss, when the radiator 111 receives a radio signal, it is required that the radiator 111 be able to amplify the radio signal as soon as it receives it. Thus, in this application, the shorter the length of the connection line 134 between the LNA 18 and the receiving port (e.g., Rx1 or Rx2) of the phase coupler 121, the more advantageous it is for reducing energy loss in the line. In this application, in order to achieve both a reduction in energy loss in the line and the same phase for the two receiving ports (e.g., Rx1 or Rx2) connected to the same LNA 18, the connection lines 134 connecting the same LNA 18 to the two receiving ports (e.g., Rx1 or Rx2) are straight and have the same length.

[0071] Specifically, taking the receive ports Rx1 and Rx2 of the two radiators 111 in the upper left corner of Figure 14 as an example, the receive ports Rx1 and Rx2 are respectively connected to two radio frequency input interfaces Pn_Tx of the same receive beamforming unit 132 via the same LNA 18. If the position where the receive port Rx1 is located is taken as the origin and the direction parallel to the first vertical segment 1213 of the phase coupler 121 is taken as the X-axis, the connection line connecting the receive port Rx1 to the LNA 18 is perpendicular to the X-axis. If the position where the receive port Rx2 is located is taken as the origin and the direction parallel to the first vertical segment 1213 of the phase coupler 121 is taken as the X-axis, the angle between the connection line connecting the receive port Rx2 to the LNA 18 and the X-axis is 45°. The LNA 18 for connecting the receive ports Rx1 and Rx2 is connected midway between the receive ports Rx1 and Rx2. That is, the length of the connection line 134 connecting the LNA 18 to the receiving port Rx1 is equal to the length of the connection line 134 connecting the LNA 18 to the receiving port Rx2. By using the above setting method, the setting position for each LNA 18 can be determined sequentially.

[0072] Since the plurality of radiators 111 are arranged in a regular array, the plurality of LNAs 18 are also arranged in a regular array. Specifically, the plurality of LNAs 18 are arranged in rows. In each row, every two adjacent LNAs 18 are arranged at a predetermined distance. Furthermore, one radiator 111 located in the same row is arranged between every two adjacent LNAs 18. Adjacent LNAs 18 in every two rows are arranged correspondingly. Furthermore, one row of radiators 111 is arranged between every two adjacent LNAs 18 in every two rows.

[0073] In one embodiment of the present application, the transmit beam-forming units 131 and the receive beam-forming units 132 are arranged between adjacent LNAs 18 in every two rows. Each transmit beam-forming unit 131 is arranged between two corresponding LNAs 18. Each receive beam-forming unit 132 is arranged midway between two corresponding LNAs 18. Each of the two LNAs 18 is located in two adjacent rows. The connecting lines between the transmit beam-forming units 131 and the receive beam-forming units 132 are approximately parallel to the radiators 111 in each row and the LNAs 18 in each row. In other embodiments of the present invention, the transmit beam-forming units 131, the receive beam-forming units 132, the radiators 111, and the LNAs 18 can be arranged based on actual layout requirements. The above-described arrangement method is merely one of all possible embodiments based on the concept of the present invention.

[0074] Specifically, taking one receive beamforming unit 132 having eight radio frequency input interfaces Pn_Rx as an example shown in Figure 14, one receive beamforming unit 132 is connected to four LNAs 18. Here, the four LNAs 18 form an array with two rows and two columns. One transmit beamforming unit 131 is located between two LNAs 18 in the same column. One receive beamforming unit 132 is located between two LNAs 18 in another column.

[0075] The circuit layout scheme of the antenna device 10 shown in FIG. 14 is only one embodiment of the present application, and in other embodiments, corresponding adjustments such as bending the connecting line 134 can be made based on the circuit layout scheme shown in FIG. 14, and the present application is not limited thereto.

[0076] To reduce the surface area of ​​the antenna device 10, the circuit layout shown in FIG. 14 uses a multilayer dielectric plate and via-hole connections. For example, when each connecting line 134 is connected to the beamforming module 13 (e.g., the transmit beamforming unit 131 and the receive beamforming unit 132) or the LNA 18, it is necessary to adjust the path length matching so that the output / input energy is the same and the phase is the same. This contributes to the synthesis of multiple groups of beams. Therefore, overlapping lines occur. Therefore, the circuit layout shown in FIG. 14 uses a multilayer dielectric plate to solve the technical problem of overlapping lines and reduce the area occupied by the antenna device 10, efficiently saving space and enabling product miniaturization.

[0077] Continuing with reference to FIG. 15 , in addition to the method in which the first signal terminal F1 and the second signal terminal F2 of the phase coupler 121 are directly connected to the radiator 111 as shown in FIG. 14 , in some embodiments, the first signal terminal F1 and the second signal terminal F2 of the phase coupler 121 can supply electrical signals to the corresponding radiator 111 through the feed-in section 15, thereby optimizing the impedance matching of the antenna device 10 through the feed-in section 15. Taking FIG. 15 as an example, the antenna device 10 further includes a plurality of feed-in sections 15. The plurality of feed-in sections 15 are connected to the plurality of radiators 111 in a one-to-one relationship. Each of the plurality of feed-in sections 15 includes a first feed-in section 151 and a second feed-in section 152. The plurality of first feed-in sections 151 are provided in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of second feed-in sections 152. The plurality of first feed-in sections 151 and the plurality of second feed-in sections 152 can be located on different planes. Here, each phase coupler 121 is connected to one transmit beam forming unit 131 and one receive beam forming unit 132, respectively. Here, each phase coupler 121 is connected to a corresponding first feed-in section 151 and a corresponding second feed-in section 152. The multiple phase couplers 121 also correspond one-to-one to the multiple radiators 111. Specifically, a first signal end F1 of the phase coupler 121 is connected to one end of the first feed-in section 151, and a second signal end F2 of the phase coupler 121 is connected to one end of the second feed-in section 152. The first feed-in section 151 and the second feed-in section 152 are directly connected to two corresponding feed-in points (not shown in FIG. 15 ) in the radiator 111, respectively. The first feed-in section 151 and the second feed-in section 152 intersect with each other, and may be, for example, substantially perpendicular to each other. In this way, the first feed-in portions 151 and the second feed-in portions 152 at least partially overlap in projected area on the corresponding radiator 111. For example, the first feed-in portions 151 and the second feed-in portions 152 can be offset from each other by an angle (for example, 90°) to form an intersecting shape.Therefore, the projected areas of the first and second feed-in sections 151 and 152 on the corresponding radiators 111 may also be cross-shaped. Furthermore, since the phases of the electrical signals at the first and second signal terminals F1 and F2 of the phase coupler 121 are different by 90°, the first feed-in section 151 is used to transmit or receive one polarized wave, and the second feed-in section 152 is used to transmit or receive another polarized wave with a 90° phase difference, in order to combine circularly polarized waves. For example, if the first and second feed-in sections 151 and 152 excite horizontally polarized waves and vertically polarized waves, respectively, circularly polarized waves can be combined. FIG. 15 shows only one installation configuration of the first and second feed-in sections 151 and 152 in one embodiment of the present disclosure. In other embodiments, the first and second feed-in sections 151 and 152 may adopt other installation configurations.

[0078] In another embodiment, the multiple feed-in sections 15 may correspond one-to-one to the multiple radiators 111, and the multiple feed-in sections 15 may be coupled to the multiple radiators 111 in one-to-one correspondence. In this way, when the multiple feed-in sections 15 and the corresponding radiators 111 are coupled to each other, the radiators 111 can also emit or receive circularly polarized waves. For example, see FIG. 16. The operating principle of FIG. 16 is almost the same as that of FIG. 15. The difference between the two is that the first feed-in section 151 and the second feed-in section 152 in each feed-in section 15 are both provided corresponding to the radiating region 111R, and each radiating region 111R is provided with a radiator and a coupling section (not shown in FIG. 16, see the coupling section 16 in FIGS. 21 and 22), and the first feed-in section 151 and the second feed-in section 152 are coupled to the radiators in the radiating region 111R via the coupling section. For example, the multiple coupling sections may be multiple coupling slots (not shown in FIG. 16 , see the coupling slot 161 shown in FIG. 24 ). The multiple coupling slots 161 are arranged corresponding to the multiple first feed-in sections 151 and the multiple second feed-in sections 152. Each coupling slot 161 may be a cross-coupling slot that at least partially overlaps the first feed-in section 151 and the second feed-in section 152. In this way, the first feed-in section 151 and the second feed-in section 152 are connected to the first signal end F1 and the second signal end F2 of the corresponding phase coupler 121, and then couple energy to the radiators in the corresponding radiation area 111R through the coupling slots 161, ultimately synthesizing circularly polarized waves. For specific structural configurations, please refer to the detailed description of FIG. 23 below in this application. A detailed description here is omitted.

[0079] 17, curve L171 is an isolation curve between the transmit port Tx and the receive port Rx of the phase coupler 121 measured when the antenna device 10 includes the phase coupler 121 but does not include multiple feed-in sections 15 and coupling sections. Curve L172 is an isolation curve between the transmit port Tx and the receive port Rx of the phase coupler 121 measured when the antenna device 10 includes the phase coupler 121, multiple cross-type feed-in sections 15, and multiple coupling sections. Here, the first feed-in section 151 and the second feed-in section 152 in each feed-in section 15 form a cross-feed (i.e., the projected areas of the first feed-in section 151 and the second feed-in section 152 onto the corresponding radiator 111 at least partially overlap), and the corresponding coupling section is also a cross-coupling slot (e.g., the coupling slot 161 having a cross-shaped configuration shown in FIG. 24). When the operating frequency band of the radiator 111 is the Ku band, the operating frequency band when the radiator 111 receives a radio signal is 10.7 to 12.7 GHz, and the operating frequency band when the radiator 111 transmits a radio signal is 14.0 to 14.5 GHz. As can be seen from FIG. 17, the antenna device 10 includes a phase coupler 121, multiple cross-type feed-ins 15, and multiple coupling elements, which not only provide perpendicular polarization distribution energy but also significantly improve the isolation performance in the receive band of 10.7 to 12.7 GHz, increasing the isolation from 10 dB to greater than 15 dB across the entire Ku band. Here, 10 dB isolation represents 10% mutual energy coupling between the transmit port Tx and the receive port Rx. 15 dB isolation represents only 3% mutual energy coupling remaining between the transmit port Tx and the receive port Rx.

[0080] 14 to 15, the multiple radiators 111 of the array antenna 11 in this embodiment can function separately as multiple first radiators and multiple second radiators. Here, the multiple first radiators and the multiple second radiators are provided on different planes. The multiple first radiators are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the multiple second radiators. The multiple first radiators are in one-to-one correspondence with the multiple phase couplers. The multiple second radiators are in one-to-one correspondence with the multiple phase couplers. For example, the radiator 111 mentioned in the embodiment of FIGS. 14 to 15 functions as multiple first radiators (see first radiator 1118 in FIG. 22), and the radiator 111 mentioned in the embodiment of FIGS. 14 to 15 also functions as multiple second radiators corresponding one by one to the multiple first radiators (see second radiator 1119 in FIG. 22). Because the first radiators and the second radiators are arranged in one-to-one correspondence and are arranged on different planes, mutual energy coupling can be achieved between the first radiators and the corresponding second radiators. Therefore, a resonant cavity for transmitting wireless signals is formed between the first radiators and the corresponding second radiators in each of the above-described embodiments. Similarly, the radiation region 111R of FIG. 16 may include a plurality of first radiators and a plurality of second radiators arranged in one-to-one correspondence. For details of the first and second radiators, please refer to the descriptions of FIGS. 22 and 25, and further description will not be provided here.

[0081] As described above, the antenna device 10 provided in the present application connects multiple radiators 111 in the antenna device 10 to multiple beam forming units in the beam forming module 13 using multiple phase couplers 12. Moreover, the phase couplers 121 are 90-degree power distributors, and the radiators 111 are circularly polarized antennas. In this way, one radiator 111 connects to only one radio frequency output interface Pn_Tx of one transmitting beam forming unit 131 and one radio frequency input interface Pn_Rx of one receiving beam forming unit 132 via one phase coupler 121, so that two electrical signals output by the phase coupler 121 that are 90 degrees out of phase (90° phase difference) and have equal power intensities are transmitted to the corresponding radiators 111, or two electrical signals that are 90 degrees out of phase but have equal power intensities are received from the radiators 111. This excites the circular polarization effect when the antenna device 10 receives or transmits radio signals, effectively reducing the number of beamforming units in the antenna device 10, and further reducing the design area and manufacturing costs of the antenna device 10, which is advantageous for designing a compact product.

[0082] Please also refer to Figures 18 and 19. Figure 18 is an overall schematic diagram of an antenna device 10 provided in one embodiment of the present application. Here, the antenna device 10 employs an arrangement form in which multilayer structures (for example, a multilayer structure 10A shown in Figure 19, a multilayer structure 10B shown in Figure 20, a multilayer structure 10C shown in Figure 21, and a multilayer structure 10D shown in Figure 22) are stacked and arranged.

[0083] Here, a plurality of radiators 111 (not shown in FIG. 18) in the antenna device 10 collectively form an array antenna including a plurality of subunits a in the antenna device 10. Each subunit a includes a radiator 111 described in any of the above embodiments. In the following embodiment, the multilayer structure of the antenna device 10 of the present application will be described using as an example a structural schematic diagram of one subunit a taken along the cross-sectional line II-II.

[0084] 19 is a cross-sectional view of a subunit a when the antenna device 10 of FIG. 18 employs a multi-layer structure 10A according to one embodiment of the present application. Since FIGS. 19 to 22 illustrate only schematic diagrams of one subunit a of the antenna device 10, each of FIGS. 19 to 21 illustrates only one radiator 111 and the corresponding phase coupler 121 connected thereto. Furthermore, each of FIGS. 19 to 21 illustrates only a partial number of layers to illustrate the technical concept of the present application, and the actual number of layers can be adjusted as necessary.

[0085] Here, the array antenna 11 (i.e., the plurality of radiators 111) of FIG. 1 can be disposed in at least one layer of the multi-layer structure 10A of FIG. 19. The plurality of phase couplers 121 are provided in at least one layer of the multi-layer structure 10A. In some embodiments, the planar layer on which the array antenna 11 is disposed is different from the planar layer on which the plurality of phase couplers 121 are disposed. The plurality of phase couplers 121 correspond one-to-one to the plurality of radiators 111.

[0086] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 19, the multilayer structure 10A of one subunit a (shown in FIG. 18) includes at least a first radiating layer 1101, a first dielectric layer 1102, and a first feed-in layer 1105. FIG. 19 only shows that the multilayer structure 10A having one subunit a of FIG. 18 includes one radiator 111. That is, the antenna device 10 of FIG. 18 includes a multilayer structure 10A having multiple subunits a. The multilayer structure 10A having multiple subunits a can include multiple radiators 111. Other elements can be inferred as follows, but are omitted here. That is, the multilayer structure 10A having multiple subunits a includes at least one radiating layer (e.g., the first radiating layer 1101). The at least one radiating layer is provided in at least one layer of the multilayer structure 10A. The at least one radiating layer is provided with multiple radiators 111. Other elements can be inferred as follows, but are omitted here. Furthermore, FIG. 19 illustrates only a partial number of layers to explain the technical concept of the present application, and the actual number of layers can be adjusted as needed. Here, the first radiating layer 1101 and the first feed-in layer 1105 may be a printed wiring board or a plate made of a ceramic material, a plastic material, or the like. The first dielectric layer 1102 is made of a non-conductive material. For example, in some embodiments, the first dielectric layer 1102 may be made of a material with a relative dielectric constant of approximately 2.4, specifically, a ceramic material, a plastic material, or the like. Here, each radiator 111 is provided on the first radiating layer 1101. The radiator 111 may be a metal coating formed on the first radiating layer 1101 or another sheet made of a conductive material. The radiator 111 is formed on the surface of the first radiating layer 1101 opposite the first dielectric layer 1102. Each radiator 111 functions as a receiving antenna during a first period and as a transmitting antenna during a second period. Each phase coupler 121 is provided on a surface of the first feed-in layer 1105 that is closer to the first dielectric layer 1102. Here, each phase coupler 121 is provided in one-to-one correspondence with each radiator 111. In some embodiments, the radiator 111 is a substantially circular copper plate.The first radiating layer 1101, the first dielectric layer 1102, and the first feed-in layer 1105 are all substantially square in shape. The areas of the first radiating layer 1101, the first dielectric layer 1102, and the first feed-in layer 1105 are all larger than the area of ​​the first radiator 1118.

[0087] The multi-layer structure 10A further includes a multi-layer circuit board 120 stacked in order. The material of each circuit board may be substantially the same as the material of the first radiating layer 1101, and will not be further described here. The beamforming module 13 includes a plurality of transmit beamforming units 131 and a plurality of receive beamforming units 132, a plurality of LNAs 18, and a first multiplexer 141 and a second multiplexer 142 included in the plurality of multiplexers 14, which are provided on the multi-layer circuit board 120.

[0088] Specifically, the beam forming module 13 includes a plurality of beam forming units. The plurality of beam forming units includes a plurality of transmit beam forming units 131 and a plurality of receive beam forming units 132. That is, the plurality of beam forming units (for example, the transmit beam forming unit 131 and the receive beam forming unit 132 in FIG. 19 ) are provided on a surface layer of the multilayer circuit board 120 that is away from the first radiating layer 1101. As a result, the plurality of beam forming units are provided on at least the surface layer of the multilayer structure 10A. Each phase coupler 121 is connected to one transmit beam forming unit 131 and one receive beam forming unit 132, respectively. Via holes 17 are provided in each layer of the multilayer structure 10A in the antenna device 10. Connection lines (not shown) between the transmit beam forming units 131 and the receive beam forming units 132 are electrically connected from the surface layer of the multilayer structure 10A to the phase couplers 121 located in the inner layers of the multilayer structure 10A via the via holes 17. The phase coupler 121 is further connected to the corresponding radiator 111. Here, a connection line (not shown) of the reception beam forming unit 132 is first connected to the LNA 18 on the surface of the antenna device 10, and is further electrically connected from the LNA 18 to the phase coupler 121 through the via hole 17.

[0089] The multilayer circuit board 120 is also used to mount multiple multiplexers 14. The multiple multiplexers 14 are distributed on different planar layers in the multilayer structure 10A. The multiple multiplexers 14 are connected to the beamforming module 13. The multiple multiplexers 14 are used to connect multiple transmit beamforming units 131 or multiple receive beamforming units 132 in parallel. Specifically, the multiple multiplexers 14 include multiple first multiplexers 141 and multiple second multiplexers 142. The multiple first multiplexers 141 are used to connect multiple transmit beamforming units 131. The multiple second multiplexers 142 are used to connect multiple receive beamforming units 132. Here, the multiple first multiplexers 141 are multiple same-layer multiplexers. Each same-layer multiplexer is distributed on the same planar layer in the multilayer structure 10A. The second multiplexers 142 are multi-layer multiplexers, each distributed in a different planar layer of the multi-layer structure 10A. For example, in FIG. 19, the first multiplexer 141 is provided on the surface layer of the multi-layer structure 10A, and the second multiplexer 142 can be formed on multiple planar layers of the multi-layer structure 10A. Specifically, the second multiplexer 142 may be formed on the surface layer and other planar layers of the multi-layer structure 10A (see, for example, the technical concept of the second multiplexer 142 belonging to the multi-layer multiplexer shown in FIG. 3B).

[0090] Please refer to the above description for the specific circuit connection relationship and operation principle of the antenna device 10. As can be understood, electrical connections can be made by via holes 17 between each radiator 111 and a corresponding phase coupler 121, between each phase coupler 121 and a corresponding transmit beamforming unit 131, between each phase coupler 121 and a corresponding LNA 18, between each LNA 18 and a corresponding receive beamforming unit 132, between each transmit beamforming unit 131 and a corresponding plurality of first multiplexers 141, between the plurality of first multiplexers 141 forming a cascade circuit structure, between each receive beamforming unit 132 and a corresponding plurality of second multiplexers 142, and between the plurality of second multiplexers 142 forming a cascade circuit structure, and these will not be described further herein.

[0091] 19, one corresponding radiator 111 is electrically connected to one corresponding transmitting beam forming unit 131 and one corresponding receiving beam forming unit 132 in the beam forming module 13 via each phase coupler 121, and the phase coupler 121 is a 90-degree power distributor, and the radiator 111 is a circularly polarized antenna. As a result, each phase coupler 121 can transmit two electrical signals with a phase difference of 90 degrees between the multiple beam forming modules 13 and the multiple radiators 111. Therefore, by connecting each radiator 111 to only one radio frequency output interface (not shown in FIG. 19) of one transmitting beam forming unit 131 and one radio frequency input interface (not shown in FIG. 19) of one receiving beam forming unit 132 via one phase coupler 121, the antenna device 10 can excite a circular polarization effect when receiving or transmitting radio signals, effectively reducing the number of beam forming modules in the antenna device 10, thereby reducing the design area and manufacturing cost of the antenna device 10 and advantageously realizing a compact product design. In addition, by adopting the stacked multilayer structure 10A shown in FIG. 19, the design area of ​​the antenna device 10 can be further reduced.

[0092] Please refer to FIG. 20. FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of a subunit a when the antenna device 10 of FIG. 18 employs a multi-layer structure 10B in one embodiment of the present application. FIG. 20 only shows that the multi-layer structure 10B having one subunit a of FIG. 18 includes one radiator 111. That is, the antenna device 10 of FIG. 18 includes a multi-layer structure 10B of multiple subunits a. The multi-layer structure 10B having multiple subunits a can include multiple radiators 111. Other elements can be inferred as follows, but are omitted here. That is, the multi-layer structure 10B having multiple subunits a includes at least one radiating layer (e.g., a first radiating layer 1101) provided in at least one layer of the multi-layer structure 10B. Furthermore, the at least one radiating layer is provided with multiple radiators 111. Furthermore, FIG. 20 only illustrates a partial number of layers to explain the technical concept of the present application, and the actual number of layers can be adjusted as needed. The structure of the multi-layer structure 10B is substantially the same as that of the multi-layer structure 10A, except that the multi-layer structure 10B further includes a plurality of feed-in sections 15. The plurality of feed-in sections 15 are connected to the plurality of radiators 111 in a one-to-one relationship. That is, each phase coupler 121 is also connected to the radiator 111 via the feed-in section 15.

[0093] Here, each feed-in portion 15 includes one first feed-in portion 151 and one second feed-in portion 152. The first feed-in portion 151 and the second feed-in portion 152 are respectively provided on different planar layers of the multilayer structure 10B. The first feed-in portion 151 is provided in one-to-one correspondence with the second feed-in portion 152. The first feed-in portion 151 and the second feed-in portion 152 at least partially overlap in their projected areas onto the corresponding radiator 111. For example, the first feed-in portion 151 and the second feed-in portion 152 can be projected at angles offset from each other to form a cross-shaped projection (see FIG. 23 for details, omitted here). Therefore, in the multilayer structure 10B, a second feed-in layer 1107 and a first dielectric 1106 provided between the first feed-in layer 1105 and the second feed-in layer 1107 are provided corresponding to the multiple feed-in portions 15. Each first feed-in portion 151 is provided in a first feed-in layer 1105, and each second feed-in portion 152 is provided in a second feed-in layer 1107. That is, a multilayer structure 10B having a plurality of subunits a includes a first feed-in layer 1105 and a second feed-in layer 1107, which are arranged in different planar layers in the multilayer structure 10B. The first feed-in layer 1105 includes a plurality of first feed-in portions 151. The second feed-in layer 1107 includes a plurality of second feed-in portions 152. The plurality of first feed-in portions 151 are provided in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of second feed-in portions 152.

[0094] Each first feed-in section 151 and its corresponding phase coupler 121 are provided corresponding to the respective radiators 111. Furthermore, each first feed-in section 151 and each phase coupler 121 are provided on the same planar layer, i.e., on the surface of the first feed-in layer 1105 opposite to the first dielectric 1106. Each second feed-in section 152 is also provided corresponding to the radiator 111. The multiple second feed-in sections 152 are provided on the surface of the second feed-in layer 1107 closer to the first dielectric 1106. Each phase coupler 121 is connected to each first feed-in section 151 and each second feed-in section 152 in correspondence with them.

[0095] Specifically, one end of the first feed-in section 151 is connected to the first signal terminal F1 of the phase coupler 121, one end of the second feed-in section 152 is connected to the second signal terminal F2 through the via hole 17, and the other end of the first feed-in section 151 and the other end of the second feed-in section 152 are connected to two feed-in points in the radiator 111 through via holes, respectively. In this way, in the multilayer structure 10B, the first feed-in section 151 and the second feed-in section 152 can further optimize the impedance matching of the antenna device 10.

[0096] Please refer to FIG. 21. FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view of a subunit a when the antenna device 10 of FIG. 18 employs a multi-layer structure 10C in one embodiment of the present application. FIG. 21 only shows that the multi-layer structure 10C having one subunit a of FIG. 18 includes one radiator 111. That is, the antenna device 10 of FIG. 18 includes a multi-layer structure 10C having multiple subunits a. The multi-layer structure 10C having multiple subunits a can include multiple radiators 111. Other elements can be inferred as follows, but will not be described here. That is, the multi-layer structure 10C having multiple subunits a includes at least one radiating layer (e.g., a first radiating layer 1101). The at least one radiating layer is provided in at least one layer of the multi-layer structure 10C. The at least one radiating layer is provided with multiple radiators 111. Other elements can be inferred in this way, and will not be further described here. Furthermore, FIG. 21 illustrates only a partial number of layers to explain the technical concept of the present application, and the actual number of layers can be adjusted as needed. The structure of the multilayer structure 10C is substantially the same as the structure of the multilayer structure 10B, except that the multilayer structure 10C further includes a coupling section 16. The feed-in sections 15 are provided in one-to-one correspondence with the coupling sections 16. Here, the phase couplers 121 are connected in one-to-one correspondence with the feed-in sections 15. The feed-in sections 15 are connected in one-to-one correspondence with the radiators 111 via the coupling sections 16. That is, in FIG. 21, the projection of the radiator 111 in the Z-axis direction along the antenna device 10 forms a radiation area 111R (see FIG. 16). The radiation area 111R covers the projection of the corresponding first feed-in section 151, second feed-in section 152, and coupling section 16 in the Z-axis direction. As a result, the first feed-in portions 151 are provided one-to-one with the radiation region 111R, and the energy of the first feed-in portions 151 and the second feed-in portions 152 can be coupled to the radiator 111 via the coupling portion 16.

[0097] Correspondingly, the multilayer structure 10C is provided with a coupling layer 1103 and a second dielectric 1104 arranged between the coupling layer 1103 and the first feed-in layer 1105, corresponding to the coupling section 16. The coupling layer 1103 is arranged on the side of the first dielectric layer 1102 facing away from the first emitting layer 1101.

[0098] The coupling layer 1103 is provided with coupling slots (for example, see the coupling slots 161 shown in FIG. 24 , and the coupling slots described below will also refer to the coupling slots 161 shown in FIG. 24 ) as coupling portions 16. This allows energy from the first feed-in portion 151 and the second feed-in portion 152 to be coupled to the radiator 111 through the coupling slots 161. That is, a plurality of coupling slots 161 are provided in the same planar layer (for example, the coupling layer 1103) in the multi-layer structure 10C. The plurality of coupling slots 161 are provided in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of first feed-in portions 151 and the plurality of second feed-in portions 152. In some embodiments, the coupling slots 161 provided in the coupling layer 1103 may be cross-coupling slots corresponding to the intersecting first feed-in portions 151 and second feed-in portions 152.

[0099] Continuing with reference to FIG. 22, FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view of a subunit a when the antenna device 10 of FIG. 18 employs a multi-layer structure 10D in one embodiment of the present application. It should be understood that FIG. 22 only shows that the multi-layer structure 10D having one subunit a of FIG. 18 includes one radiator 111. That is, the antenna device 10 of FIG. 18 may include a multi-layer structure 10D having multiple subunits a, and the multi-layer structure 10D having multiple subunits a may include multiple radiators. Other elements are inferred as follows and will be omitted here. That is, the multi-layer structure 10D having multiple subunits a includes a first radiating layer 1101 and a second radiating layer 1113 provided on different planar layers within the multi-layer structure 10D. The multiple radiators include multiple first radiators and multiple second radiators. The first radiating layer 1101 includes multiple first radiators 1118, and the second radiating layer 1113 includes multiple second radiators 1119. Other elements can be inferred in this way and are therefore omitted here. Furthermore, FIG. 22 only illustrates a partial number of floors to explain the technical concept of the present application, and the actual number of floors can be adjusted as needed. The structure of the multi-layer structure 10D is substantially the same as that of the multi-layer structure 10C, except that the multi-layer structure 10D includes two radiating layers. That is, at least one radiating layer of the multi-layer structure 10D may include a first radiating layer 1101 and a second radiating layer 1113 disposed in different planar layers of the multi-layer structure. In addition to the multi-layer structure 10C, the multi-layer structure 10D also includes a second radiating layer 1113 and a second dielectric layer 1112 disposed between the first radiating layer 1101 and the second radiating layer 1113. Here, the second dielectric layer 1112 is disposed on the side of the first radiating layer 1101 where the radiator (i.e., the first radiator 1118 in FIG. 22) is located. The second radiation layer 1113 is provided on the side of the second dielectric layer 1112 farther from the first radiation layer 1101. Another radiator is provided on the second radiation layer 1113. For convenience of explanation, the radiator on the first radiation layer 1101 will be defined as a first radiator 1118, and the radiator on the second radiation layer 1113 will be defined as a second radiator 1119 below. That is, the multiple radiators in the array antenna include at least one first radiator 1118 and at least one second radiator 1119.The first radiator 1118 is provided on the first radiating layer 1101, and the second radiator 1119 is provided on the second radiating layer 1113. The first radiators 1118 and the second radiators 1119 are provided in one-to-one correspondence with the phase coupler 121.

[0100] The projected area of ​​the second radiator 1119 in the Z direction of the antenna device 10 covers the projected area of ​​the corresponding first radiator 1118 in the Z direction of the antenna device 10. The projected area of ​​the first radiator 1118 in the Z direction of the multilayer structure 10D covers the projected areas of the first feed-in portion 151, the second feed-in portion 152, and the coupling slot 161 (not shown in FIG. 22, see FIG. 24) in the Z direction of the multilayer structure 10D.

[0101] Here, the second dielectric layer 1112 is provided with a cavity 1115. The first radiator 1118 is disposed within the cavity 1115.

[0102] Furthermore, the multilayer structure 10D further includes a radome 1116 compared to the multilayer structure 10C. The radome 1116 is provided on a side of the second radiating layer 1113 closer to the second radiator 1119. The radome 1116 is used to protect each element in the antenna device 10 from sunburn, rain, and dust, thereby improving the operational stability of the antenna device 10. In this embodiment, the radome 1116 further includes a protective chamber 1117 corresponding to the second radiator 1119. For example, the protective chamber 1117 is formed by recessing the radome 1116 from the side closer to the second radiator 1119 inward. The protective chamber 1117 has a substantially cylindrical shape. This allows the weight of the antenna device 10 to be reduced. In other embodiments, the multilayer structure 10D does not need to include the radome 1116. That is, the radome 1116 may be provided according to actual needs.

[0103] The radome 1116 may be provided in the above-mentioned multi-layer structure 10A, the multi-layer structure 10B, and the multi-layer structure 10C according to actual needs, for example, on the side of the first radiator 1118 of the first radiating layer 1101, which will not be further described here.

[0104] As described above, the antenna device 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application can further reduce the surface area occupied by the antenna device 10 by adopting a multilayer structure (for example, multilayer structures 10A to 10D) that are arranged in a stacked manner.

[0105] In order to more clearly introduce the stacked multi-layer structure of the antenna device 10 provided by the present application, the following further introduces partial exploded views of a multi-layer structure 10C shown in FIG. 21 and a multi-layer structure 10D shown in FIG.

[0106] Please also refer to Figures 23 and 24. Figure 23 is a partial exploded view of a multi-layer structure 10C (see Figure 21) in one embodiment of the present application. Furthermore, Figures 23 and 24 only illustrate a partial number of layers to explain the technical concept of the architecture of Figure 21 of the present application, and the actual number of layers can be adjusted as needed.

[0107] In some embodiments, the multilayer structure 10C of the architecture of FIG. 21 shown in FIG. 23 includes a first radiating layer 1101 and a first dielectric layer 1102 arranged in a stacked manner. The first radiating layer 1101 includes radiators 111. Phase couplers 121 are provided in one-to-one correspondence with the radiators 111. Each radiator 111 can function as a receiving antenna at a first time and as a transmitting antenna at a second time. In some embodiments, the first radiating layer 1101 may be a printed wiring board or a plate made of a ceramic material, a plastic material, or the like. The radiator 111 may be a metal coating formed on the first radiating layer 1101 or another sheet made of a conductive material. The radiator 111 is formed on the surface of the first radiating layer 1101 away from the first dielectric layer 1102. The first dielectric layer 1102 is made of a non-conductive material. For example, in some embodiments, the first dielectric layer 1102 may be made of a material with a dielectric constant of about 2.4. Specifically, they may be made of a ceramic material, a plastic material, etc. The areas of the first radiating layer 1101 and the first dielectric layer 1102 are both larger than the area of ​​the radiator 111.

[0108] In some embodiments, the antenna device 10 further includes a coupling layer 1103, a second dielectric 1104, a first feed-in layer 1105, a first dielectric 1106, and a second feed-in layer 1107 arranged in a stacked manner.

[0109] Here, the coupling layer 1103 is provided adjacent to the first dielectric layer 1102. Specifically, the coupling layer 1103 is provided on the side of the first dielectric layer 1102 opposite to the first radiation layer 1101. The coupling layer 1103 is provided with coupling slots 161 (see FIG. 24) as coupling portions 16 (see FIG. 21).

[0110] A second dielectric layer 1104 is disposed on the opposite side of the coupling layer 1103 from the first dielectric layer 1102 .

[0111] The first feed-in layer 1105 is disposed on the opposite side of the second dielectric 1104 from the coupling layer 1103. Referring to FIGS. 23 and 24 together, the first feed-in layer 1105 is provided with a first accommodating groove 11051, which penetrates the first feed-in layer 1105. The first feed-in layer 1105 includes a phase coupler 121 and a first feed-in section 151. Each first feed-in section 151 is provided in a corresponding first accommodating groove 11051. The phase coupler 121 may be disposed in the first feed-in layer 1105 or the second feed-in layer 1107. In this embodiment, the phase coupler 121 is provided in the first accommodating groove 11051 of the first feed-in layer 1105. The first feed-in section 151 is a microstrip wire having a substantially elongated stripe shape. The phase coupler 121 is a metal ring having a substantially rectangular annular shape. The first accommodating groove 11051 includes a rectangular groove and a circular groove that communicate with each other. The phase coupler 121 is provided in the rectangular groove of the first accommodating groove 11051. The first feed-in portion 151 is provided in the circular groove of the first accommodating groove 11051.

[0112] The first dielectric 1106 is disposed on the opposite side of the first feed-in layer 1105 from the second dielectric 1104 .

[0113] The second feed-in layer 1107 is provided on the side of the first dielectric 1106 opposite the first feed-in layer 1105. See also Figures 23 and 24. The second feed-in layer 1107 has a plurality of second housing grooves 11071. The second housing grooves 11071 penetrate the second feed-in layer 1107. The second housing grooves 11071 are provided to correspond to the first housing grooves 11051. Each second feed-in portion 152 is provided in a corresponding second housing groove 11071. In this way, the first feed-in portions 151 are provided in one-to-one correspondence with the second feed-in portions 152 to form a feed-in portion 15 for feeding power to the corresponding radiator 111. In this embodiment, the second feed-in portions 152 are also formed of a substantially elongated stripe-shaped microstrip wire. The second housing grooves 11071 are substantially circular. The extension direction of the first feed-in portion 151 on the first feed-in layer 1105 does not completely coincide with the extension direction of the corresponding second feed-in portion 152 on the second feed-in layer 1107. The first feed-in portion 151 is used to generate a first polarized wave, and the second feed-in portion 152 is used to generate a second polarized wave. For example, in this embodiment, the first feed-in portion 151 and the second feed-in portion 152 form an angle with each other in the Z-axis projection direction of the antenna device 10.

[0114] In one embodiment of the present application, the fact that the multiple first feed-in sections 151 and the multiple second feed-in sections 152 are provided in one-to-one correspondence means that, when projected along the Z-axis direction of the antenna device 10, the projected areas of the two structures provided in one-to-one correspondence at least partially overlap. In this way, the first feed-in sections 151 are provided in one-to-one correspondence with the second feed-in sections 152. That is, when projected along the Z-axis direction of the antenna device 10, the projected areas of the first feed-in sections 151 and the second feed-in sections 152 at least partially overlap. For example, when projected along the Z-axis direction of the antenna device 10, the projected areas of the first feed-in sections 151 and the second feed-in sections 152 may completely overlap, or the projected areas of the first feed-in sections 151 and the second feed-in sections 152 may partially overlap. In one embodiment of the present application, the projected area of ​​the first feed-in portion 151 and the projected area of ​​the second feed-in portion 152 partially overlap, but do not completely overlap.

[0115] In one embodiment of the present application, the multiple coupling portions 16 are provided in one-to-one correspondence with the multiple feed-in portions 15. In this embodiment, the coupling portions 16 (i.e., the coupling slots 161 opened in the coupling layer 1103) and the projection of the feed-in portions 15 in the Z-axis direction of the antenna device 10 may have the same or different shapes, but must have an elongated shape, such as an elliptical or rectangular shape, to achieve the coupling effect. In this way, the multiple coupling portions 16 in the coupling layer 1103 can couple the electrical signal flowing through the feed-in portions 15 to the radiator 111. In another embodiment, the coupling layer 1103 may be replaced with a first coupling layer and a second coupling layer (not shown). The first coupling layer has a first coupling slot corresponding to the first feed-in portion 151, and the second coupling layer has a second coupling slot corresponding to the second feed-in portion 152. As a result, the electrical signal flowing through the feed-in portion 15 can be coupled to the radiator 111 by designing the first and second coupling layers.

[0116] Additionally, in some embodiments, the multi-layer structure 10C further includes a third dielectric layer 1108, a cavity layer 1109, a fourth dielectric layer 1110, and a ground layer 1111.

[0117] Here, the third dielectric 1108 is provided on the side of the second feed-in layer 1107 opposite to the first dielectric 1106 .

[0118] The cavity layer 1109 is disposed on the opposite side of the third dielectric 1108 from the second feed-in layer 1107. The cavity layer 1109 is provided with a plurality of through cavities 11091 (see FIG. 25). The through cavities 11091 penetrate the cavity layer 1109. The plurality of through cavities 11091 are provided in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of feed-in sections 15. The projected area of ​​the through cavity 11091 obtained in the projection direction along the Z axis of the antenna device 10 covers the projected area of ​​the corresponding feed-in section 15 (i.e., the projected area of ​​the first feed-in section 151 and the second feed-in section 152).

[0119] The fourth dielectric 1110 is disposed on the opposite side of the cavity layer 1109 from the third dielectric 1108 .

[0120] The ground layer 1111 is provided on the side of the fourth dielectric 1110 opposite the cavity layer 1109. The ground layer 1111 may be a metal coating provided on a printed wiring board. The metal coating can be disposed on the side of the ground layer 1111 opposite the fourth dielectric 1110. In this embodiment, the coupling layer 1103, the second dielectric 1104, the first feed-in layer 1105, the first dielectric 1106, the second feed-in layer 1107, the third dielectric 1108, the cavity layer 1109, the fourth dielectric 1110, and the ground layer 1111 each have a through hole 11031 (FIG. 24 only shows the through hole 11031 in the coupling layer 1103; as shown in FIG. 24, through holes are also provided in the remaining layers, but are not numbered). The through holes 11031 in each layer are sequentially connected and finally connected to the metal coating on the ground layer 1111 to achieve grounding.

[0121] In each subunit a of the antenna device 10, the projected area of ​​the radiator 111 in the Z-axis direction of the antenna device 10 completely covers the projected area of ​​the coupling portion 16 in the Z-axis direction of the antenna device 10. This allows the energy of the first feed-in portion 151 and the second feed-in portion 152 to be coupled to the radiator 111 as much as possible.

[0122] Furthermore, in the present application, the cavity layer 1109 is provided between the second feed-in layer 1107 and the ground layer 1111 to increase the height of the antenna device 10 and further increase the antenna gain of the antenna device 10. The second dielectric 1104, the first dielectric 1106, the third dielectric 1108, and the fourth dielectric 1110 serve to support the antenna device 10 in order to increase the height of the antenna and further increase the antenna gain. As can be understood, the second dielectric 1104, the first dielectric 1106, the third dielectric 1108, and the fourth dielectric 1110 may be made of a material with a dielectric constant of about 2.4.

[0123] In some embodiments, the antenna device 10 further includes a radome 1116. The radome 1116 is provided on the side of the first radiating layer 1101 opposite the first dielectric layer 1102. The radome 1116 protects electronic components in the antenna device 10 from sunlight, rain, and dust, thereby improving the operational stability of the antenna device 10. In this embodiment, the radome 1116 is provided with a protective chamber 1117 corresponding to the radiator 111. For example, the protective chamber 1117 is recessed inward from the side of the radome 1116 closer to the radiator 111. The protective chamber 1117 has a substantially cylindrical shape. This allows the weight of the antenna device 10 to be reduced. In other embodiments, the antenna device 10 does not need to include the radome 1116. That is, the radome 1116 may be provided according to actual needs.

[0124] In the antenna device 10, two adjacent layers of the structure can be connected by adhesive, and the present application is not limited to a specific type of adhesive body.

[0125] Continuing to refer to Figure 25, Figure 25 is a partial exploded view of a multi-layer structure 10D (see Figure 22) in one embodiment of the present application. Furthermore, Figure 25 illustrates only a portion of the number of layers to explain the technical concept of the architecture of Figure 22 of the present application, and the actual number of layers can be adjusted according to demand.

[0126] The partial exploded view of the multilayer structure 10D (see FIG. 22) shown in FIG. 25 is almost the same as the partial exploded view of the multilayer structure 10C (see FIG. 21) shown in FIG. 23, but the multilayer structure 10D also includes a second dielectric layer 1112, a second radiating layer 1113, and a second radiator 1119. The installation position of the radome 1116 is different from that of the radome 1116 in the multilayer structure 10C. Similarly, in the multilayer structure 10D shown in FIG. 25, the radiator 111 provided on the first radiating layer 1101 in the other embodiments described above can be a first radiator 1118.

[0127] Specifically, the second dielectric layer 1112 is provided on the side of the first radiating layer 1101 having the first radiator 1118. The second radiating layer 1113 is provided on the side of the second dielectric layer 1112 opposite to the first radiating layer 1101. A second radiator 1119 is further provided on the side of the second radiating layer 1113 opposite to the second dielectric layer 1112. The radome 1116 is provided on one side of the second radiator 1119. In other embodiments, the antenna device 10 does not need to include the radome 1116. That is, the radome 1116 may be provided according to actual needs.

[0128] Here, the projected area of ​​the second radiator 1119 in the Z direction of the antenna device 10 covers the projected area of ​​the first radiator 1118 in the Z direction of the antenna device 10. A cavity 1115 is provided in the second dielectric layer 1112. The first radiator 1118 is disposed in the cavity 1115.

[0129] Furthermore, in the antenna device 10, the first radiation layer 1101, the first dielectric layer 1102, the second radiation layer 1113, the second dielectric layer 1112, the second dielectric 1104, the first dielectric 1106, the third dielectric 1108 and the fourth dielectric 1110 may have through holes at positions that do not correspond to the first radiator 1118, thereby further reducing the weight of the antenna device 10.

[0130] Furthermore, each cavity 1115 penetrates the second dielectric layer 1112. The diameter of the cavity 1115 may be equal to the diameter of the corresponding protective chamber 1117. The edges of the cavity 1115 are aligned with the edges of the protective chamber 1117. Moreover, each cavity 1115 is provided corresponding to two radiators on both sides (i.e., a first radiator 1118 and a second radiator 1119). Specifically, the connection lines formed by the centers of the cavity 1115, the first radiator 1118, and the second radiator 1119 are parallel to the Z axis of the antenna device 10. Furthermore, the projected area of ​​the second radiator 1119 in the Z axis direction of the antenna device 10 is larger than the projected areas of the first radiator 1118 and the second radiator 1119 in the Z axis direction of the antenna device 10. In this manner, in this embodiment, the antenna height can be further increased and the antenna gain can be improved by providing the first dielectric layer 1102 and the second dielectric layer 1112. Also, by covering the first radiator 1118 with the second radiator 1119, the energy coupled from the first radiator 1118 to the second radiator 1119 is more concentrated, and the directivity of the energy beam of the antenna device 10 is increased.

[0131] It is also understood that the second dielectric layer 1112 may be formed from a plastic or ceramic material, or the like.

[0132] It is understood that the present application does not limit the specific shapes of the first radiator 1118 and the second radiator 1119. For example, the shapes of the first radiator 1118 and the second radiator 1119 may be regular shapes such as circular or rectangular. In other embodiments, the shapes of the first radiator 1118 and the second radiator 1119 may be other irregular shapes. Moreover, the shapes of the first radiator 1118 and the second radiator 1119 may be the same or different. It is only necessary that the projected area of ​​the first radiator 1118 in the Z-axis direction of the antenna device 10 can cover the projected area of ​​the coupling section 16 (see FIG. 25 ) and the projected area of ​​the second radiator 1119 in the Z-axis direction of the antenna device 10 can cover the projected area of ​​the first radiator 1118.

[0133] As described above, the antenna device 10 having a multi-layer structure (e.g., multi-layer structures 10A, 10B, 10C, and 10D) provided by the present application connects multiple radiators 111 to the beamforming module 13 via multiple phase couplers 121, where the phase couplers 121 are 90° phase couplers and the radiators 111 are circularly polarized antennas. In this way, the phase couplers 121 transmit two electrical signals with a phase difference of 90 degrees between the beamforming module 13 and the multiple radiators 111, so that the radiators 111 are connected to only one radio frequency output interface and one radio frequency input interface of the beamforming module 13 via the phase couplers 121. That is, a circular polarization effect is excited when the antenna device 10 receives or transmits radio signals, which effectively reduces the number of beamforming modules in the antenna device 10, thereby reducing the design area and manufacturing costs of the antenna device 10 and favoring product miniaturization.

[0134] The above embodiments are only used to explain the technical aspects of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that even if the technical aspects of the present invention are modified or replaced with equivalents, they should not deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical aspects of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also make designs used in the present invention, such as other changes within the spirit of the present invention, as long as they do not deviate from the technical effects of the present invention. All of these changes based on the spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. An antenna device, a plurality of radiators; a plurality of first feed-in sections; a plurality of second feed-in sections provided in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of first feed-in sections; a plurality of phase couplers corresponding one-to-one to the plurality of radiators; a plurality of beamforming units including a plurality of transmit beamforming units and a plurality of receive beamforming units; Each of the phase couplers is connected to each of the first feed-in sections and each of the second feed-in sections, the first feed-in portions and the second feed-in portions have projected areas on the corresponding radiators that at least partially overlap each other; An antenna device, characterized in that each of the phase couplers is connected to one of the transmitting beam forming units and one of the receiving beam forming units.

2. 2. The antenna device of claim 1, wherein each of the radiators functions as a receiving antenna at a first time and as a transmitting antenna at a second time.

3. the plurality of radiators include a plurality of first radiators and a plurality of second radiators, the plurality of first radiators and the plurality of second radiators being arranged on different planes; 2. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of first radiators and the plurality of second radiators are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of phase couplers.

4. 2. The antenna device according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of multiplexers distributed in different planes, the plurality of multiplexers being used to connect the plurality of transmit beamforming units or the plurality of receive beamforming units in parallel with each other.

5. 2. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the antenna device includes a plurality of coupling slots, the plurality of coupling slots being provided in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of first feed-in sections and the plurality of second feed-in sections.

6. An antenna device having a multi-layer structure, At least one radiating layer provided in at least one layer of the multilayer structure and having a plurality of radiators disposed thereon; a first feed-in layer and a second feed-in layer, each of which is provided on a different planar layer in the multilayer structure; a plurality of phase couplers provided in at least one layer of the multilayer structure; a plurality of beam forming units provided on at least a surface layer in the multi-layer structure, the beam forming units including a plurality of transmit beam forming units and a plurality of receive beam forming units; a plurality of first feed-in sections are arranged in the first feed-in layer, a plurality of second feed-in sections are arranged in the second feed-in layer, and the plurality of first feed-in sections are provided in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of second feed-in sections; Each phase coupler is connected to each of the first feed-in sections and each of the second feed-in sections, and the plurality of phase couplers are connected to the plurality of radiators in a one-to-one correspondence; The projected areas of the first feed-in portions and the second feed-in portions on the corresponding radiators at least partially overlap each other, An antenna device, characterized in that each of the phase couplers is connected to one of the transmitting beam forming units and one of the receiving beam forming units.

7. 7. The antenna device of claim 6, wherein each of the radiators functions as a receiving antenna at a first time and as a transmitting antenna at a second time.

8. the at least one emissive layer includes a first emissive layer and a second emissive layer provided in different planar layers of the multi-layer structure; the plurality of radiators includes a plurality of first radiators and a plurality of second radiators; the first radiation layer has the plurality of first radiators arranged thereon, and the second radiation layer has the plurality of second radiators arranged thereon; 7. The antenna device according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of first radiators and the plurality of second radiators are provided in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of phase couplers.

9. 7. The antenna device according to claim 6, further comprising a plurality of multiplexers distributed in different planar layers in the multi-layer structure, the plurality of multiplexers being used to connect the plurality of transmit beamforming units or the plurality of receive beamforming units in parallel with each other.

10. 7. The antenna device according to claim 6, wherein the antenna device includes a plurality of coupling slots provided in the same planar layer of the multi-layer structure, the plurality of coupling slots being provided in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of first feed-in sections and the plurality of second feed-in sections.

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