Method for reinforcing retaining wall and structure

Abstract

To provide a method for reinforcing a retaining wall, which can suppress the collapse of the retaining wall by reinforcing the retaining wall in a simple manner, and to provide a structure which can be obtained by reinforcing the retaining wall in a simple manner and can suppress the collapse of the retaining wall.SOLUTION: A method for reinforcing a retaining wall 26 includes a step of placing a reinforcing member 28 on a sloped surface 26b of the retaining wall 26 to be reinforced, and the reinforcing member 28 contains an organic material. A structure 20 includes the retaining wall 26 to be reinforced and the reinforcing member 28 placed on the sloped surface 26b of the retaining wall 26, and the reinforcing member 28 contains an organic material.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a method for reinforcing a retaining wall, a structure, and the like. [Background technology]

[0002] When constructing residential land, roads, etc. on sloping land, a retaining wall may be formed at the valley-side edge of the step to prevent the step from collapsing due to embankment, cutting, etc. Furthermore, the retaining wall may be reinforced using reinforcing members to prevent it from collapsing due to external loads (earthquakes, back loads, etc.) or deterioration (see, for example, Patent Document 1 below). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2023-066992 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] Conventional methods for reinforcing retaining walls (before or after deterioration) sometimes require the use of large-scale heavy machinery for reinforcement, and sometimes require the removal of the retaining wall together with the reinforcing members and the formation and reinforcement of the wall again when reinforcing due to deterioration of the reinforcing members. However, there is a demand for a method for reinforcing retaining walls that can reinforce retaining walls without requiring large-scale heavy machinery for reinforcement, or that can reinforce retaining walls by replacing the reinforcing members without the need to form the wall again when reinforcing due to deterioration of the reinforcing members, and that can reinforce retaining walls in a simple manner to prevent the collapse of retaining walls due to external loads (earthquakes, back loads, etc.), aging, etc.

[0005] An object of one aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a method for reinforcing a retaining wall, which is capable of suppressing collapse of the retaining wall by reinforcing the retaining wall in a simple manner.An object of another aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a structure obtained by reinforcing a retaining wall in a simple manner, which is capable of suppressing collapse of the retaining wall. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] In some aspects, the present disclosure relates to the following [1] to

[18] , etc. [1] A method for reinforcing a retaining wall, comprising the step of placing a reinforcing member on the wall surface of the retaining wall to be reinforced, the reinforcing member containing an organic material. [2] A method for reinforcing a retaining wall according to [1], wherein the retaining wall comprises at least one type selected from the group consisting of block masonry retaining walls and stone masonry retaining walls. [3] A method for reinforcing a retaining wall according to [1] or [2], wherein the thickness of the reinforcing member is 0.01 to 3.00 mm. [4] A method for reinforcing a retaining wall according to [1] or [2], wherein the thickness of the reinforcing member is 0.01 to 1.00 mm. [5] A method for reinforcing a retaining wall according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the reinforcing member has a tensile modulus of elasticity of 5000 MPa or more. [6] The method for reinforcing a retaining wall according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the reinforcing member has a breaking elongation of 50% or more. [7] A method for reinforcing a retaining wall according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the organic material comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylic resin, epoxy resin, and modified silicone resin. [8] The method for reinforcing a retaining wall according to any one of [1] to [7], wherein the reinforcing member further contains a fiber base material. [9] A method for reinforcing a retaining wall according to [8], wherein the fiber base material comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, and nylon fiber.

[10] A structure comprising a retaining wall to be reinforced and a reinforcing member disposed on a surface of the retaining wall, the reinforcing member containing an organic material.

[11] The structure described in

[10] , wherein the retaining wall comprises at least one type selected from the group consisting of a block masonry retaining wall and a stone masonry retaining wall.

[12] The structure according to

[10] or

[11] , wherein the thickness of the reinforcing member is 0.01 to 3.00 mm.

[13] The structure according to

[10] or

[11] , wherein the thickness of the reinforcing member is 0.01 to 1.00 mm.

[14] The structure according to any one of

[10] to

[13] , wherein the reinforcing member has a tensile modulus of elasticity of 5000 MPa or more.

[15] The structure according to any one of

[10] to

[13] , wherein the reinforcing member has a breaking elongation of 50% or more.

[16] The structure according to any one of

[10] to

[15] , wherein the organic material includes at least one selected from the group consisting of an acrylic resin, an epoxy resin, and a modified silicone resin.

[17] The structure according to any one of

[10] to

[16] , wherein the reinforcing member further contains a fiber base material.

[18] The structure according to

[17] , wherein the fiber substrate comprises at least one fiber selected from the group consisting of carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, and nylon fiber. [Effects of the Invention]

[0007] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a method for reinforcing a retaining wall, which is capable of suppressing collapse of the retaining wall by reinforcing the retaining wall in a simple manner. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a structure, which is obtained by reinforcing a retaining wall in a simple manner and is capable of suppressing collapse of the retaining wall. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a test specimen (a test specimen having a structure) used in the evaluation of the examples as a reduced model of a full-scale reinforcement target. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the evaluation target surface of the test specimen used in the evaluation of the examples. [Figure 3]FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a centrifugal device used in the evaluation of the examples. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] In this specification, numerical ranges indicated with "to" indicate a range that includes the numerical values ​​before and after "to" as the minimum and maximum values, respectively. A numerical range "A or greater" means a range exceeding A and A. A numerical range "A or less" means a range less than A and A. In numerical ranges described in stages in this specification, the upper or lower limit of a numerical range in a certain stage can be arbitrarily combined with the upper or lower limit of a numerical range in another stage. In numerical ranges described in this specification, the upper or lower limit of the numerical range may be replaced with a value shown in the examples. "A or B" may include either A or B, or may include both. The materials exemplified in this specification may be used alone or in combination of two or more. When multiple substances corresponding to each component are present in the composition, the content of each component in the composition refers to the total amount of the multiple substances present in the composition, unless otherwise specified. The term "process" does not only refer to an independent process, but also includes processes that cannot be clearly distinguished from other processes as long as the intended effect of the process is achieved. "(Meth)acrylate" means at least one of an acrylate and its corresponding methacrylate. The same applies to other similar expressions such as "(meth)acrylic acid."

[0010] The method for reinforcing a retaining wall (method for manufacturing a structure) according to this embodiment (including the first and second embodiments described below) comprises a reinforcing step of placing a reinforcing member on the wall surface of the retaining wall to be reinforced (the same applies below), the reinforcing member containing an organic material. The structure according to this embodiment comprises the retaining wall to be reinforced and a reinforcing member placed on the wall surface of the retaining wall, the reinforcing member containing an organic material.

[0011] According to the retaining wall reinforcement method and structure of this embodiment, by using an organic material as the constituent material of the reinforcing members, the retaining wall can be reinforced without requiring large-scale heavy machinery during the reinforcement process. Furthermore, according to the retaining wall reinforcement method and structure of this embodiment, when re-reinforcing is required due to deterioration of the reinforcing members, the retaining wall can be reinforced by replacing the reinforcing members without having to re-form the retaining wall. Therefore, according to the retaining wall reinforcement method of this embodiment, the collapse of the retaining wall can be suppressed by reinforcing the retaining wall (before or after deterioration) in a simple manner. Furthermore, the structure of this embodiment can be obtained by reinforcing the retaining wall (before or after deterioration) in a simple manner, and the collapse of the retaining wall can be suppressed.

[0012] According to one aspect of the retaining wall reinforcement method and structure of this embodiment, by using an organic material as the constituent material of the reinforcing member, the reinforcing member can be made lighter than members made of metal materials, and retaining wall reinforcement can be achieved inexpensively.

[0013] The retaining wall may include at least one type selected from the group consisting of a block masonry retaining wall and a stone masonry retaining wall, and may include a block masonry retaining wall. A block masonry retaining wall is a retaining wall obtained by stacking artificially manufactured blocks, such as concrete, as the main material (retaining wall material) constituting the retaining wall. A stone masonry retaining wall is a retaining wall obtained by stacking natural stone, stone materials obtained by artificially processing natural stone, etc. as the main material (retaining wall material) constituting the retaining wall. The method of stacking the blocks and stones is not particularly limited, and any stacking method such as slab piling, valley piling, or random piling can be used. The retaining wall may include filler (filling material) filled between the main materials (retaining wall materials such as blocks and stones) constituting the retaining wall, or filler (backfilling material) filled behind the main materials (retaining wall materials such as blocks and stones) constituting the retaining wall, and may include drainage holes. The wall surface of the retaining wall may be inclined relative to the vertical direction or may be a slope. The shape of the main material (retaining wall material such as blocks or stones) that constitutes the retaining wall is not particularly limited, and examples include a truncated square pyramid, a square pyramid, a rectangular parallelepiped (including a cube), and the like.

[0014] In the retaining wall reinforcement method and structure according to this embodiment, the reinforcing member is arranged on the wall surface of the retaining wall. A plurality of reinforcing members may be arranged on the wall surface of the retaining wall, a plurality of reinforcing members may be arranged in the face direction of the wall surface of the retaining wall, or a plurality of reinforcing members may be stacked on the wall surface of the retaining wall. The reinforcing member may be arranged on the wall surface of the retaining wall via an adhesive, or may be in contact with the wall surface of the retaining wall.

[0015] The reinforcing members may be placed on the wall surface of the retaining wall, spanning multiple main materials (retaining wall materials such as blocks and stones) that make up the retaining wall, or may be placed on the wall surface of the retaining wall, spanning three or more main materials (retaining wall materials such as blocks and stones) that make up the retaining wall. The proportion of the area occupied by the reinforcing members on the wall surface of the retaining wall may be 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more, 90% or more, 95% or more, 98% or more, or 99% or more, or may be 100%, based on the entire wall surface of the retaining wall, from the viewpoint of easily increasing the reinforcing effect of the retaining wall.

[0016] The reinforcing member in the retaining wall reinforcing method and structure according to the first embodiment has a specific tensile modulus of elasticity, and the tensile modulus of elasticity of the reinforcing member is within the following range (unit: MPa = N / mm 2) The tensile modulus of elasticity of the reinforcing member may be 5000 MPa or more, 5200 MPa or more, 5400 MPa or more, 5500 MPa or more, 5600 MPa or more, 5700 MPa or more, 5800 MPa or more, or 5900 MPa or more, from the viewpoint that the reinforcing effect of the retaining wall is easily enhanced by suppressing breakage of the reinforcing member when stress is applied to the reinforcing member. The tensile modulus of elasticity of the reinforcing member may be 9000 MPa or less, 8500 MPa or less, 8000 MPa or less, 7500 MPa or less, 7000 MPa or less, 6500 MPa or less, 6000 MPa or less, or 5900 MPa or less, from the viewpoint that the reinforcing effect of the retaining wall is easily enhanced by suitably adjusting vibrations caused by external force loads (earthquakes, back loads, etc.). From these viewpoints, the tensile modulus of the reinforcing member may be 5000 to 9000 MPa, 5000 to 7000 MPa, 5000 to 6000 MPa, 5500 to 9000 MPa, 5500 to 7000 MPa, 5500 to 6000 MPa, 5800 to 9000 MPa, 5800 to 7000 MPa, or 5800 to 6000 MPa. The tensile modulus of the reinforcing member can be measured in accordance with JIS K 6251 (2017) at a tension speed of 2 mm / min. The tensile modulus of the reinforcing member can be adjusted by the type and content of the constituent materials of the reinforcing member, the thickness of the reinforcing member, etc.

[0017] The reinforcing member in the retaining wall reinforcement method and structure according to the second embodiment has a specific breaking elongation (breaking strain), and the breaking elongation (breaking strain) of the reinforcing member may be in the following range (unit: %): The breaking elongation of the reinforcing member may be 50% or more, 55% or more, 60% or more, 65% or more, 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 100% or more, 120% or more, 150% or more, 180% or more, 200% or more, 220% or more, or 250% or more, from the viewpoint of suppressing breakage of the reinforcing member when stress is applied to the reinforcing member and thereby increasing the reinforcing effect of the retaining wall. The breaking elongation of the reinforcing member may be 500% or less, 450% or less, 400% or less, 350% or less, 300% or less, 250% or less, 220% or less, 200% or less, 180% or less, 150% or less, 120% or less, 100% or less, less than 100%, 95% or less, 90% or less, 85% or less, or 80% or less. From these viewpoints, the breaking elongation of the reinforcing member may be 50 to 500%, 50 to 300%, 50 to 100%, 60 to 500%, 60 to 300%, 60 to 100%, 100 to 500%, or 100 to 300%. The breaking elongation of the reinforcing member can be measured in accordance with JIS K 6251 (2017) at a tensile speed of 2 mm / min. The breaking elongation of the reinforcing member can be adjusted by the type and content of the constituent material of the reinforcing member, the thickness of the reinforcing member, and the like.

[0018] The reinforcing member contains an organic material. The organic material may include a polymer material, a resin material, or a polymer having structural units (monomer units) derived from a monomer.

[0019] Examples of organic materials include acrylic resin, epoxy resin, silicone resin (e.g., modified silicone resin), polyester, polyurethane, polyamide, polyolefin, vinyl acetate resin, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloride, and fluororesin. From the viewpoint of easily enhancing the reinforcing effect of the retaining wall, the organic material may include at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylic resin, epoxy resin, silicone resin (e.g., modified silicone resin), and polyvinyl chloride, and may include acrylic resin. The reinforcing member may not contain polyurea as an organic material, but may contain an organic material different from polyurea. The reinforcing member may not contain polyurethane as an organic material, but may contain an organic material different from polyurethane.

[0020] The acrylic resin is a resin having a (meth)acrylic acid compound having a (meth)acryloyl group as a monomer unit, and other materials having such a monomer unit are also classified as acrylic resins. From the viewpoint of easily enhancing the reinforcing effect of the retaining wall, the acrylic resin may have at least one monomer unit selected from the group consisting of a monofunctional (meth)acrylic compound and a polyfunctional (meth)acrylic compound.

[0021] Examples of monofunctional (meth)acrylic compounds include methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, propyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate, t-butyl (meth)acrylate, hexyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, nonyl (meth)acrylate, benzyl (meth)acrylate, glycidyl (meth)acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, lauryl (meth)acrylate, n-octyl (meth)acrylate, and 2-methoxyethyl (meth)acrylate. acrylate, butoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, methoxytetraethylene glycol (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl (meth)acrylate, dicyclopentenyl (meth)acrylate, dicyclopentenyloxyethyl (meth)acrylate, dicyclopentanyl (meth)acrylate, 4-butylphenyl (meth)acrylate, phenyl (meth)acrylate, 2,4,5-tetramethylphenyl (meth)acrylate, 4-chlorophenyl (meth)acrylate, phenoxymethyl (meth)acrylate, phenoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-(meth)acryloyloxyhexahydrophthalic acid, 2-(meth)acryloyloxyethyl-2-hydroxypropylphthalic acid, ethylene oxide modified phenol (meth)acrylate, ethylene oxide modified cresol (meth)acrylate, ethylene oxide Examples of the acrylate include side-modified nonylphenol (meth)acrylate, propylene oxide-modified nonylphenol (meth)acrylate, ethylene oxide-modified o-phenylphenol (meth)acrylate, m-phenoxybenzyl (meth)acrylate, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl (meth)acrylate, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl (meth)acrylate, 1H,1H,5H-octafluoropentyl (meth)acrylate, and 1H,1H,2H,2H-tridecafluorooctyl (meth)acrylate.The acrylic resin may have an aromatic mono(meth)acrylate compound as a monomer unit, or may have m-phenoxybenzyl (meth)acrylate as a monomer unit, from the viewpoint of easily enhancing the reinforcing effect of the retaining wall.

[0022] Examples of polyfunctional (meth)acrylic compounds include bis(1-(meth)acryloxy-2-hydroxypropyl)phthalate, bis(2-(meth)acryloxyethyl)phosphate, bis((meth)acryloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxy)diethylene glycol, bisphenol A di(meth)acrylate, bisphenol A di-(3-(meth)acryloxyethyl)ether, bisphenol A di-(3-(meth)acryloxy-2-hydroxypropyl)ether, and 1,3-butanediol di(meth)acrylate. acrylate, 1,4-butanediol di-(3-(meth)acryloxy-2-hydroxypropyl) ether, 1,4-butanediol di(meth)acrylate, 1,3-butanediol bis((meth)acryloxypropionate), 1,4-butanediol bis((meth)acryloxypropionate), 2-butene-1,4-diol di(meth)acrylate, 1,4-cyclohexanediol di(meth)acrylate, 1,10-decanediol di(meth)acrylate, diethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate , 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol di(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol ether di(meth)acrylate, diphenolic acid di-(3-(meth)acryloxy-2-hydroxypropyl) ether, dipropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, 7,7,9-trimethyl-3,13-dioxo-3,14-dioxa-5,12-diazahexadecane-1,16-diol di(meth)acrylate, 1,12-dodecanediol di(meth)acrylate, 1,2-ethanediol di(meth)acrylate p)acrylate, 1,2-ethanediol bis((meth)acryloxypropionate), 1,6-hexanediol di(meth)acrylate, 1,9-nonanediol di(meth)acrylate, 1,5-pentanediol di(meth)acrylate, 1,4-phenylene di(meth)acrylate, 1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol di(meth)acrylate, polyoxyethyl-2,2-di(p-hydroxyphenyl)propane di(meth)acrylate, 1,2-propanediol di(meth)acrylate, 1,3-Propanediol di(meth)acrylate, tetrabromobisphenol A di-(3-(meth)acryloxy-2-hydroxypropyl) ether, tetrachlorobisphenol A di-(3-(meth)acryloxy-2-hydroxypropyl) ether, tetraethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, triethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol di(meth)acrylate, tripropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, dimethylol-tricyclodecane di(meth)acrylate, bisphenol A ethylene oxide-modified di(meth)acrylate, bisphenol A propylene oxide-modified di(meth)acrylate, bisphenol A ethylene oxide propylene oxide-modified di(meth)acrylate, bisphenol A epoxy Difunctional (meth)acrylic compounds such as di(meth)acrylate and 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9-hexadecafluoro-1,10-decane diacrylate; 1,2,4-butanetriol tri(meth)acrylate, glycerol tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, polyoxypropyl trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, silicone tri(meth)acrylate, 1,3,5-tri(meth)acryloylhexahydro-s-triazine, trimethylolethane tri(meth)acrylate, 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, 1,2,3-trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane tris((meth)acryloxypropionate), 1,2,Examples of suitable acrylic resins include trifunctional (meth)acrylic compounds such as 3-trimethylolpropane tris((meth)acryloxypropionate) and tris-(2-(meth)acryloxyethyl)isocyanurate; and tetrafunctional (meth)acrylic compounds such as pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate and pentaerythritol tetrakis((meth)acryloxypropionate). From the viewpoint of enhancing the reinforcing effect of the retaining wall, the acrylic resin may have a difunctional (meth)acrylic compound as a monomer unit, a bisphenol A alkylene oxide-modified di(meth)acrylate as a monomer unit, or a bisphenol A ethylene oxide-modified di(meth)acrylate as a monomer unit.

[0023] The reinforcing member may be photocurable or thermosetting, and the organic material may include at least one selected from the group consisting of photocurable materials and cured products thereof, or may include at least one selected from the group consisting of thermosetting materials and cured products thereof.

[0024] In the retaining wall reinforcement method and structure according to the present embodiment, the content A1 of the organic material, the acrylic resin, the epoxy resin, or the silicone resin, or the total amount of the acrylic resin, the epoxy resin, and the silicone resin, may be in the following ranges based on the total mass of the reinforcing member, from the viewpoint of enhancing the reinforcing effect of the retaining wall. The content A1 may be 50% by mass or more, more than 50% by mass, 55% by mass or more, 60% by mass or more, 65% by mass or more, 70% by mass or more, 75% by mass or more, 80% by mass or more, 85% by mass or more, 90% by mass or more, or 95% by mass or more. The content A1 may be 100% by mass or less, less than 100% by mass, 98% by mass or less, 95% by mass or less, 90% by mass or less, 85% by mass or less, or 80% by mass or less. From these viewpoints, the content A1 may be 50 to 100 mass%, 50 to 90 mass%, 50 to 80 mass%, 70 to 100 mass%, 70 to 90 mass%, 70 to 80 mass%, 80 to 100 mass%, or 90 to 100 mass%.

[0025] In the retaining wall reinforcement method and structure according to the first embodiment, the content A2 of the organic material, the acrylic resin, the epoxy resin, or the silicone resin, or the total amount of the acrylic resin, the epoxy resin, and the silicone resin, may be in the following ranges based on the total mass of the reinforcement member, from the viewpoint of enhancing the reinforcing effect of the retaining wall. The content A2 may be 50% by mass or more, more than 50% by mass, 55% by mass or more, 60% by mass or more, 65% by mass or more, 70% by mass or more, or 75% by mass or more. The content A2 may be 100% by mass or less, less than 100% by mass, 98% by mass or less, 95% by mass or less, 90% by mass or less, 85% by mass or less, or 80% by mass or less. From these viewpoints, the content A2 may be 50 to 100% by mass, 50 to 90% by mass, 50 to 80% by mass, 70 to 100% by mass, 70 to 90% by mass, or 70 to 80% by mass.

[0026] In the retaining wall reinforcement method and structure according to the second embodiment, the content A3 of the organic material, the acrylic resin, the epoxy resin, or the silicone resin, or the total amount of the acrylic resin, the epoxy resin, and the silicone resin, may be in the following ranges based on the total mass of the reinforcing member, from the viewpoint of easily enhancing the reinforcing effect of the retaining wall. The content A3 may be 50% by mass or more, more than 50% by mass, 55% by mass or more, 60% by mass or more, 65% by mass or more, 70% by mass or more, 75% by mass or more, 80% by mass or more, 85% by mass or more, 90% by mass or more, or 95% by mass or more. The content A3 may be 100% by mass or less. From these viewpoints, the content A3 may be 50 to 100% by mass, 70 to 100% by mass, 80 to 100% by mass, or 90 to 100% by mass.

[0027] The reinforcing member (for example, the reinforcing member in the retaining wall reinforcing method and structure according to the first embodiment) may contain a fibrous base material, or may contain a non-fibrous organic material and the fibrous base material, from the viewpoint of increasing the tensile modulus of elasticity, thereby easily enhancing the reinforcing effect of the retaining wall. The non-fibrous organic material may be impregnated into the fibrous base material. Examples of constituent materials of the fibrous base material include inorganic fibers such as carbon fiber, glass fiber, and metal fiber; and organic fibers such as aramid fiber, nylon fiber, polyester fiber, polyurethane fiber, polyethylene fiber, and polypropylene fiber. The fibrous base material may contain at least one fiber selected from the group consisting of carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, and nylon fiber, and may contain glass fiber, from the viewpoint of increasing the tensile modulus of elasticity, thereby easily enhancing the reinforcing effect of the retaining wall.

[0028] The basis weight of the fiber base material is 10 g / m2, which is likely to increase the reinforcing effect of the retaining wall. 2 More than 30g / m 2 More than 50g / m 2 More than 80g / m 2 More than 100g / m 2 More than 120g / m 2 More than 150g / m 2 More than 180g / m 2 or more, or 200g / m 2 The basis weight of the fiber base material is preferably 500 g / m2 or more, from the viewpoint of increasing the reinforcing effect of the retaining wall. 2 Below 450g / m 2 Below 400g / m 2 Below 350g / m 2 Below 300g / m 2 Below 250g / m 2 or less, or 200 g / m 2 From these viewpoints, the basis weight of the fiber base material may be 10 to 500 g / m 2 , 10~300g / m 2 , 10~250g / m 2 , 100~500g / m 2 , 100~300g / m 2 , 100~250g / m 2 , 150~500g / m 2 , 150~300g / m2 , or 150 to 250 g / m 2 It may be.

[0029] The content of the fiber base material in the reinforcing member may be within the following ranges based on the total mass of the reinforcing member, from the viewpoint that an increased tensile modulus of elasticity facilitates an enhanced reinforcing effect of the retaining wall. The content of the fiber base material may be 1% by mass or more, 3% by mass or more, 5% by mass or more, 8% by mass or more, 10% by mass or more, 12% by mass or more, 15% by mass or more, 18% by mass or more, or 20% by mass or more. The content of the fiber base material may be 50% by mass or less, less than 50% by mass, 45% by mass or less, 40% by mass or less, 35% by mass or less, 30% by mass or less, 25% by mass or less, or 22% by mass or less. From these viewpoints, the content of the fiber base material may be 1 to 50% by mass, 1 to 30% by mass, 1 to 25% by mass, 10 to 50% by mass, 10 to 30% by mass, 10 to 25% by mass, 15 to 50% by mass, 15 to 30% by mass, or 15 to 25% by mass.

[0030] The reinforcing member may contain components other than the organic material and the fibrous base material, such as fillers, plasticizers, lubricants, antioxidants, stabilizers, silane coupling agents, colorants, antistatic agents, and flame retardants. The reinforcing member may not contain mortar or cement.

[0031] The reinforcing member may have various shapes. For example, the reinforcing member may be in a sheet shape. By using a sheet-shaped reinforcing member, it is easy to arrange the reinforcing member with a uniform thickness on the wall surface of the retaining wall.

[0032] The thickness of a reinforcing member (for example, a sheet-like reinforcing member) may be within the following ranges, from the viewpoint of easily adjusting the reinforcing effect of the retaining wall by adjusting the tensile modulus, breaking elongation, etc. The thickness of the reinforcing member may be 10.00 mm or less, 9.00 mm or less, 8.00 mm or less, 7.00 mm or less, 6.00 mm or less, 5.00 mm or less, 4.00 mm or less, 3.00 mm or less, 2.50 mm or less, 2.00 mm or less, 1.50 mm or less, 1.00 mm or less, 0.90 mm or less, 0.80 mm or less, 0.70 mm or less, 0.60 mm or less, 0.50 mm or less, 0.40 mm or less, 0.30 mm or less, 0.25 mm or less, 0.20 mm or less, or 0.15 mm or less. The thickness of the reinforcing member may be 0.01 mm or more, 0.05 mm or more, 0.10 mm or more, 0.15 mm or more, 0.20 mm or more, 0.25 mm or more, 0.30 mm or more, 0.40 mm or more, 0.50 mm or more, 0.60 mm or more, 0.70 mm or more, 0.80 mm or more, 0.90 mm or more, or 1.00 mm or more. From these viewpoints, the thickness of the reinforcing member may be 0.01 to 10.00 mm, 0.01 to 3.00 mm, 0.01 to 1.00 mm, 0.01 to 0.80 mm, 0.01 to 0.50 mm, 0.10 to 10.00 mm, 0.10 to 3.00 mm, 0.10 to 1.00 mm, 0.10 to 0.80 mm, 0.10 to 0.50 mm, 0.50 to 10.00 mm, 0.50 to 3.00 mm, 0.50 to 1.00 mm, 0.50 to 0.80 mm, 0.80 to 10.00 mm, 0.80 to 3.00 mm, or 0.80 to 1.00 mm. The thickness of the reinforcing member may be an average thickness, which may be an average value of values ​​measured at three points.

[0033] The thickness of the reinforcing member (e.g., a sheet-like reinforcing member) in the retaining wall reinforcing method and structure according to the first embodiment may be within the following ranges, from the viewpoint of easily adjusting the reinforcing effect of the retaining wall by adjusting the tensile modulus, breaking elongation, etc. The thickness of the reinforcing member may be 10.00 mm or less, 9.00 mm or less, 8.00 mm or less, 7.00 mm or less, 6.00 mm or less, 5.00 mm or less, 4.00 mm or less, 3.00 mm or less, 2.50 mm or less, 2.00 mm or less, 1.50 mm or less, 1.00 mm or less, 0.90 mm or less, 0.80 mm or less, or 0.70 mm or less. The thickness of the reinforcing member may be 0.01 mm or more, 0.05 mm or more, 0.10 mm or more, 0.15 mm or more, 0.20 mm or more, 0.25 mm or more, 0.30 mm or more, 0.40 mm or more, 0.50 mm or more, 0.60 mm or more, or 0.70 mm or more. From these viewpoints, the thickness of the reinforcing member may be 0.01 to 10.00 mm, 0.01 to 3.00 mm, 0.01 to 1.00 mm, 0.01 to 0.80 mm, 0.10 to 10.00 mm, 0.10 to 3.00 mm, 0.10 to 1.00 mm, 0.10 to 0.80 mm, 0.50 to 10.00 mm, 0.50 to 3.00 mm, 0.50 to 1.00 mm, or 0.50 to 0.80 mm. The thickness of the reinforcing member may be an average thickness, and the average thickness may be an average value of values ​​measured at three points.

[0034] The thickness of the reinforcing member (e.g., a sheet-like reinforcing member) in the retaining wall reinforcing method and structure according to the second embodiment may be within the following ranges, from the viewpoint of easily adjusting the reinforcing effect of the retaining wall by adjusting the tensile modulus, breaking elongation, etc. The thickness of the reinforcing member may be 10.00 mm or less, 9.00 mm or less, 8.00 mm or less, 7.00 mm or less, 6.00 mm or less, 5.00 mm or less, 4.00 mm or less, 3.00 mm or less, 2.50 mm or less, 2.00 mm or less, 1.50 mm or less, 1.00 mm or less, 0.90 mm or less, 0.80 mm or less, 0.70 mm or less, 0.60 mm or less, 0.50 mm or less, 0.40 mm or less, 0.30 mm or less, 0.25 mm or less, 0.20 mm or less, or 0.15 mm or less. The thickness of the reinforcing member may be 0.01 mm or more, 0.05 mm or more, 0.10 mm or more, 0.15 mm or more, 0.20 mm or more, 0.25 mm or more, 0.30 mm or more, 0.40 mm or more, 0.50 mm or more, 0.60 mm or more, 0.70 mm or more, 0.80 mm or more, 0.90 mm or more, or 1.00 mm or more. From these viewpoints, the thickness of the reinforcing member may be 0.01 to 10.00 mm, 0.01 to 3.00 mm, 0.01 to 1.00 mm, 0.01 to 0.80 mm, 0.01 to 0.50 mm, 0.10 to 10.00 mm, 0.10 to 3.00 mm, 0.10 to 1.00 mm, 0.10 to 0.80 mm, 0.10 to 0.50 mm, 0.50 to 10.00 mm, 0.50 to 3.00 mm, 0.50 to 1.00 mm, 0.50 to 0.80 mm, 0.80 to 10.00 mm, 0.80 to 3.00 mm, or 0.80 to 1.00 mm. The thickness of the reinforcing member may be an average thickness, which may be an average value of values ​​measured at three points.

[0035] Methods for placing reinforcing members on the wall surface of the retaining wall in the reinforcing step of the retaining wall reinforcing method of this embodiment include a method of applying a liquid constituent material to the wall surface and then drying the constituent material; a method of applying a liquid constituent material to the wall surface of the retaining wall and then bringing a fiber base material into contact with the constituent material and drying the constituent material (after bringing the fiber base material into contact with the constituent material, further liquid constituent material may be applied and the constituent material may be dried); a method of attaching a sheet-shaped reinforcing member to the wall surface of the retaining wall; a method of placing a sheet-shaped reinforcing member on the wall surface of the retaining wall via an adhesive, etc.

[0036] The structure according to this embodiment may include components other than the retaining wall and the reinforcing member. The structure according to this embodiment may include a support portion having an inclined surface on which the retaining wall to be reinforced is arranged. The support portion may be, for example, an embankment portion. The structure according to this embodiment may include a base portion that supports the support portion.

[0037] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a structure, and is a schematic diagram showing a test specimen (a test specimen having a structure) used as a scale model of a full-size reinforcement target in the evaluation of examples described below. Fig. 1(a) is a cross-sectional view, and Fig. 1(b) is a top view. The test specimen 1 in Fig. 1 has a long box body 10 and a structure 20.

[0038] The box 10 has a long internal space 10a, and the top surface of the box 10 is open.

[0039] The structure 20 is disposed at the center of the bottom surface of the internal space 10a. The structure 20 includes a base portion 22, an embankment portion 24, a retaining wall (stone block portion) 26, and a reinforcing member 28. The structure 20 includes a model ground 20a composed of the base portion 22, the embankment portion 24, and the retaining wall 26, and the reinforcing member 28.

[0040] The base portion 22 is disposed over substantially the entire bottom surface of the internal space 10a and is made of, for example, a mixture of sand and cement.

[0041] The embankment portion 24 extends in the longitudinal direction of the box body 10 and is disposed on the base portion 22 in the longitudinal center of the box body 10. A pair of inner walls that define the internal space 10a at both ends of the box body 10 in the longitudinal direction of the box body 10 are each spaced apart from the embankment portion 24. The embankment portion 24 is in contact with the pair of inner walls that define the internal space 10a in the short direction of the box body 10 (the direction perpendicular to the long direction of the box body 10). The cross section of the embankment portion 24 perpendicular to the short direction of the box body 10 is trapezoidal. The embankment portion 24 has inclined surfaces as both end faces in the longitudinal direction of the box body 10. The embankment portion 24 is made of, for example, sand.

[0042] The retaining wall 26 is placed on one of the sloped surfaces of the embankment 24. The retaining wall 26 is formed by arranging blocks 26a on the sloped surface. The retaining wall 26 has a sloped surface 26b located on the opposite side of the embankment 24 as the wall surface (main surface) to be reinforced. The blocks 26a are made of, for example, a mixture of sand and cement.

[0043] The reinforcing member 28 is arranged over substantially the entire slope 26b of the retaining wall 26, straddling the plurality of blocks 26a that make up the retaining wall 26. [Example]

[0044] The present disclosure will be described in more detail below using examples and comparative examples, but the present disclosure is not limited to the following examples. Unless the temperature during an experimental procedure is specified below, the experimental procedure can be performed at room temperature (23°C).

[0045] <Production of reinforcing members> (Reinforcing member A) 100 parts by mass of glass fiber substrate (manufactured by Denka Co., Ltd., product name: NAV-G sheet, basis weight: 200 g / m 2) was impregnated with 380 parts by mass of an acrylic resin (trade name: Denka Acrisave K, manufactured by Denka Co., Ltd.), and then cured at 23°C for one week to obtain a sheet-like reinforcing member A (average thickness: 0.70 mm). The average thickness of the reinforcing member was obtained as the average value of measurements at three points (the same applies hereinafter to the average thickness of the reinforcing member).

[0046] (Reinforcing member B) An acrylic composition was prepared by mixing 90 parts by mass of m-phenoxybenzyl acrylate (manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name: Light Acrylate POB-A), 10 parts by mass of bisphenol A ethylene oxide-modified diacrylate (manufactured by MIWON, trade name: Miramer M240), and 3 parts by mass of 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone (photopolymerization initiator, manufactured by IGM Resins, trade name: Omnirad 184) in a container to obtain a mixture, and then stirring this mixture. The acrylic composition was poured into a mold with a desired height and then irradiated with a UV irradiation device at an irradiance of 1700 mW / cm. 2 , irradiation amount 200mJ / cm 2 The acrylic composition was cured by irradiating it with ultraviolet light (wavelength: 365 nm) at 1000 W, thereby obtaining a sheet-like reinforcing member B (average thickness: 1.00 mm).

[0047] (Reinforcing member C) A product name "Transparent Cloth MG-032" (polyvinyl chloride, average thickness: 0.15 mm) manufactured by Meiwa Gravure Co., Ltd. was used as the sheet-like reinforcing member C.

[0048] <Tensile test> The tensile modulus and elongation at break of the reinforcing member were measured by tensile testing using an A&D Corporation "Tensilon Universal Testing Machine RTG-1310." Test specimens were prepared by punching the reinforcing member into the shape of a dumbbell-shaped No. 3 test specimen as specified in JIS K6251:2017. The measurement conditions were a chuck distance of 70 mm, a gauge length of 20 mm, and a tensile speed of 2 mm / min. Five measurements were performed, and the average values ​​of the five were used to obtain the tensile modulus and elongation at break.

[0049] In reinforcement member A, the tensile modulus is 5900 N / mm 2 The elongation at break was 2.1%. In the reinforcing member B, the tensile modulus was 20 N / mm 2 The elongation at break was 80%. In reinforcement member C, the tensile modulus was 100 N / mm 2 The elongation at break was 250%.

[0050] <Making blocks> Washed sand (Edosaki sand, density: 2.719 g / cm 3 Mortar was prepared by mixing cement with a water content of 2.4% by mass, granularity characteristics of 0% gravel, 86.9% sand, and 13.1% fine particles in a dry mass ratio of 2:1 (sand:cement), and then adding water to the resulting mixture in a mass ratio of 3:0.4 (mixture:water). The mortar was poured into a mold to prepare square truncated pyramidal blocks (top surface: 10 mm x 10 mm, bottom surface: 30 mm x 20 mm). After removing the blocks from the mold, they were surface-treated with Denka's NAV Resin 1R (primer) to prevent the adhesive from penetrating the blocks.

[0051] <Creating a model ground> As the model ground 20a constituting the test specimen 1 in Fig. 1, a model ground 20a accommodated in the internal space 10a of a box 10 was prepared. The dimensions of the internal space 10a of the box 10 were 200 mm length x 1000 mm width x 490 mm height.

[0052] The thickness of the base portion 22 was 70 mm. The base portion 22 was made of sand (Edosaki sand, density: 2.719 g / cm 3 The soil was composed of a mixture of cement, water content: 2.4% by mass, particle size characteristics: gravel 0% by mass, sand 86.9% by mass, fine particles 13.1% by mass, and cement, with the sand content being 10% by mass (standard: entire base portion 22). The compaction degree Dc of the base portion 22 was 95%.

[0053] The cross section of the embankment 24 is trapezoidal, with an upper surface measuring 200 mm long x 360 mm wide, a bottom surface measuring 200 mm long x 560 mm wide, and a height of 200 mm. Both end surfaces of the embankment 24 in the longitudinal direction of the box 10 (the lateral direction of the internal space 10a) are inclined at a ratio of 1:0.5 (height:width). The embankment 24 is made of sand (Edosaki sand, density: 2.719 g / cm 3 The soil consisted of a water content of 2.4% by mass, particle size characteristics of gravel 0% by mass, sand 86.9% by mass, and fine particles 13.1% by mass, and the compaction degree Dc of the embankment 24 was 85%.

[0054] The model ground 20a was prepared in the following procedure. First, a base 22 was placed on the bottom surface of the internal space 10a of the box 10. Next, an embankment measuring 200 mm in length, 560 mm in width, and 200 mm in height was formed on the base 22, and then slopes were formed on both horizontal end surfaces of the embankment to obtain the embankment 24. Next, ten blocks 26a, which are the above-mentioned truncated square pyramid-shaped blocks, were arranged on one slope of the embankment 24 with their upper surfaces embedded in the embankment 24, and filler material (Edosaki sand, compaction degree Dc: 85%) was filled between the blocks 26a to form a retaining wall 26, thereby obtaining the model ground 20a. As shown in Figure 2, the blocks 26a were arranged so that, with the bottom surfaces of the blocks 26a exposed, the long sides of the bottom surfaces of the blocks 26a were oriented in the vertical direction of the embankment 24, and the center of the bottom surface of the nth block 26a in the height direction of the inclined surface coincided with the position of the short side of the bottom surface of the n+1th block 26a.

[0055] <Preparation of test specimen> Example 1 After applying an appropriate amount of adhesive to the entire inclined surface 26b of the retaining wall 26 in the above-mentioned model ground 20a, a test specimen was obtained by attaching the above-mentioned reinforcing member A as a reinforcing member 28 to the entire inclined surface 26b of the retaining wall 26. The inclined surface 26b on which the reinforcing member A was located in the retaining wall 26 of the test specimen was used as the surface to be evaluated.

[0056] Example 2 A test specimen was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the above-mentioned reinforcing member B was used instead of reinforcing member A. The inclined surface 26b on which reinforcing member B was located in the retaining wall 26 of the test specimen was used as the surface to be evaluated.

[0057] Example 3 A test specimen was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the above-mentioned reinforcing member C was used instead of the reinforcing member A. The inclined surface 26b on which the reinforcing member C was located in the retaining wall 26 of the test specimen was used as the surface to be evaluated.

[0058] (Comparative Example 1) The above-described model ground 20a was used as a test specimen. One inclined surface 26b of the retaining wall 26 of the test specimen was used as the surface to be evaluated.

[0059] <Centrifugal model experiment> A centrifugal model experiment was conducted using a centrifugal device owned by Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the centrifugal device. The centrifugal device 100 in Fig. 3 includes a support base 110, a rotating shaft 120, a rotating arm 130, and platforms 140a and 140b.

[0060] The support base 110 is disposed vertically below and in the center of the centrifugal device 100. The rotating shaft 120 is a long member extending vertically. The vertically lower end of the rotating shaft 120 is connected to the support base 110, and the vertically upper end of the rotating shaft 120 is fixed. The rotating shaft 120 can be rotated by a drive motor (not shown). The rotating arm 130 is a long member extending horizontally, and the center of the rotating arm 130 is supported by the rotating shaft 120. Platforms (storage units) 140a and 140b are suspended from suspension units 130a located at both ends of the rotating arm 130 in a swingable manner. A vibration table 150 is attached to the bottom surface of the internal space of one of the platforms 140a, and the test object 160 (corresponding to the above-mentioned test object 1) is fixed on the vibration table 150 with the surface to be evaluated of the test object 160 positioned on the outer periphery of the centrifugal device 100. The vibration table 150 can vibrate the test object 160. A weight 170 is fixed to the bottom surface of the internal space of the other platform 140b to maintain balance during rotation. The distance (radius of rotation) between the hanging part 130a of the platforms 140a and 140b on the rotating arm 130 and the central axis of the rotating shaft 120 is 1700 mm. As the rotating shaft 120 rotates, the bottoms of the platforms 140a and 140b face toward the outer periphery (horizontal direction) of the centrifugal device 100, allowing a desired gravity force to be applied to the platforms 140a and 140b.

[0061] In the centrifugal model experiment, first, the rotating shaft 120 was rotated with the above-mentioned test body 1 fixed as the test body 160 on the vibration table 150 of the platform 140a, and gravity was applied to the test body 160 at a centrifugal acceleration of 20 G for 5 minutes. Next, while gravity was being applied to the test body 160 at a centrifugal acceleration of 20 G, the vibration table 150 was used to continuously vibrate the test body 160 with a 60 Hz sine wave for approximately 0.33 seconds, thereby loading a vibration acceleration of 10,000 gal onto the test body 160. Then, after the rotation of the rotating shaft 120 was stopped, the evaluation surface of the test body 160 was visually observed.

[0062] In Example 1, the evaluation surface was not deformed (evaluation A). In Example 2, the evaluation surface was deformed but did not collapse (evaluation C). In Example 3, the evaluation surface was hardly deformed (evaluation B). In Comparative Example 1, the evaluation surface collapsed (evaluation D). [Explanation of symbols]

[0063] 1...test specimen, 10...box, 10a...internal space, 20...structure, 20a...model ground, 22...base portion, 24...embankment portion, 26...retaining wall, 26a...block material, 26b...inclined surface, 28...reinforcing member, 100...centrifuge device, 110...support base, 120...rotating shaft, 130...rotating arm, 130a...hanging portion, 140a, 140b...platform, 150...vibration table, 160...test specimen, 170...weight.

Claims

1. A step of placing a reinforcing member on a wall surface of a retaining wall to be reinforced is provided. A method for reinforcing a retaining wall, wherein the reinforcing member contains an organic material.

2. 2. The method for reinforcing a retaining wall according to claim 1, wherein the retaining wall comprises at least one type selected from the group consisting of a block masonry retaining wall and a stone masonry retaining wall.

3. The method for reinforcing a retaining wall according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the reinforcing member is 0.01 to 3.00 mm.

4. The method for reinforcing a retaining wall according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the reinforcing member is 0.01 to 1.00 mm.

5. A method for reinforcing a retaining wall according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the reinforcing member has a tensile modulus of elasticity of 5000 MPa or more.

6. A method for reinforcing a retaining wall according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the breaking elongation of the reinforcing member is 50% or more.

7. The method for reinforcing a retaining wall according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the organic material comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylic resin, epoxy resin, and modified silicone resin.

8. The method for reinforcing a retaining wall according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the reinforcing member further contains a fiber base material.

9. The method for reinforcing a retaining wall according to claim 8, wherein the fiber base material contains at least one fiber selected from the group consisting of carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, and nylon fiber.

10. A retaining wall to be reinforced and a reinforcing member disposed on a wall surface of the retaining wall, The structure, wherein the reinforcing member comprises an organic material.

11. The structure according to claim 10, wherein the retaining wall comprises at least one type selected from the group consisting of a block masonry retaining wall and a stone masonry retaining wall.

12. The structure of claim 10, wherein the reinforcing member has a thickness of 0.01 to 3.00 mm.

13. The structure of claim 10, wherein the reinforcing member has a thickness of 0.01 to 1.00 mm.

14. The structure according to any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the reinforcing member has a tensile modulus of elasticity of 5000 MPa or more.

15. The structure according to any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the reinforcing member has a breaking elongation of 50% or more.

16. The structure according to any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the organic material comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of an acrylic resin, an epoxy resin, and a modified silicone resin.

17. The structure according to any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the reinforcing member further comprises a fibrous substrate.

18. 18. The structure according to claim 17, wherein the fiber substrate comprises at least one fiber selected from the group consisting of carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, and nylon fiber.

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