Slide type clamping / severing instrument

Abstract

To provide a slide type clamping / severing instrument which even a person having small physical strength can operate.SOLUTION: A slide type clamping / severing instrument includes: an operation part 7 having a clamping body 3 and a handle part 5; a long slide part 9 sliding back and forth; an intermediate link 11 transmitting movement of the handle part 5 to a slide part 9; a long fixing support rod 13 extending along the slide part 9; a movable side clamping / severing piece 15 provided at an end of the slide part 9; and a fixing side clamping / severing piece 19 provided at an end of the fixing support rod 13. A first point of action P1 is provided at a position away from a first fulcrum O1 at a first distance L1, a first radius of rotation R1 of the handle part 5 with the first fulcrum O1 as a center is set to be longer than the first distance L1, and a second radius of rotation R2 of a second point of action P2 of the intermediate link 11 with the first fulcrum O1 as a center is set to be longer than a second distance L2 from a second fulcrum O2 to the second point of action P2.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a sliding clamping and cutting tool that converts the movement of an operating part, which is operated by gripping the handle with one hand, into linear movement via a long sliding part, and further converts this into movement of the clamping and cutting part at the tip of the sliding part, thereby performing the clamping or cutting operation on the desired object. [Background technology]

[0002] An example of an instrument equipped with an operating section, a long sliding section, and a clamping / cutting section is the forceps used in orthopedic surgery. As we are now entering a super-aging society, the number of patients with musculoskeletal disorders and those requiring care is steadily increasing. As a result, the number of female and pediatric patients is also increasing, and in order to understand these patients and communicate well with them, there is a growing need for female orthopedic surgeons who are familiar with the unique circumstances of women and have experience in raising children, etc.

[0003] However, orthopedic surgery involves physically demanding tasks such as cutting hard bones, adjusting and fixing surgical equipment, etc., so it would be unfair to leave all of this to female doctors. On the other hand, there is an increasing trend in fields such as hand surgery, pediatric orthopedics, and microsurgery, which require dexterity and finesse rather than strength or grip strength, and it could be said that surgery in these fields is actually more suited to women.

[0004] Forceps used in orthopedic surgery and the like include those disclosed in the following Patent Documents 1 and 2. Of these, the forceps described in Patent Document 1 slide backward toward the operating part when the operating part is gripped, and a blade provided at the tip of the sliding part acts on a blade provided at the tip of the fixed part to cut. By using the sliding part while moving it backward in this way, inadvertent forward movement that could accidentally pierce the affected area with the blade is prevented.

[0005] Furthermore, the forceps described in Patent Document 2 have a structure in which, when the operating part is gripped, the sliding part slides forward toward the clamping part, and the movable clamping piece provided at the tip of the sliding part rotates toward the fixed clamping piece at the tip of the fixed part to clamp. These forceps do not use a small-diameter pivot pin to transmit force from the sliding part to the clamping part, but rather use large-diameter arc-shaped convex and concave grooves. This allows a large force to be transmitted to the clamping part with a small force from the operating part. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] JP 2021-112366 A [Patent Document 2] JP 2018-89076 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] The forceps described in Patent Document 1 are designed to be pulled by moving the sliding part backward, preventing the blade at the tip of the sliding part from accidentally moving and damaging the affected area when a large force is applied to the operating part, making them highly safe. However, a large force must be applied to the operating part, making them unsuitable for use by female doctors and others with weaker strength. Furthermore, the forceps described in Patent Document 2 can reduce the force applied to the operating part by increasing the radius of rotation of the part that transmits force from the sliding part to the clamping part. However, this effect is limited, and it also results in an increase in the size of the clamping part.

[0008] The present invention was made in consideration of the above circumstances, and aims to provide a sliding clamping and cutting instrument that allows even those with weaker strength, such as women, to perform surgery and work at the same level as stronger men. This will alleviate the anxiety of women and handicapped users who are planning to become orthopedic surgeons, reduce the burden on orthopedic surgeons and workers currently working in the field, speed up surgery and work, and prevent a decline in the quality of medical care and work due to fatigue, as well as the occurrence of medical accidents and accidents during work. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] The sliding type clamping and cutting instrument of the present invention, which solves the above-mentioned object, comprises a grip body, a handle portion rotatably connected to the grip body via a first fulcrum, and an operating portion which is gripped and operated with one hand; an intermediate link that is rotatably connected to the grip body by a second fulcrum and transmits a force applied to the handle portion from a first point of application to a second point of application; a long sliding portion that slides back and forth by the force transmitted to the second point of application by the intermediate link; a long fixed support rod extending along the slide portion and integral with the grip body; a movable clamping / cutting piece provided at the tip of the slide part; a fixed clamping and cutting piece provided at the tip of the fixed support rod and paired with the movable clamping and cutting piece to form a clamping and cutting section; the first fulcrum is provided at an end of the handle portion on the base side, and the first point of application is provided at a position spaced a first distance from the first fulcrum, A first radius of rotation of the handle portion around the first fulcrum is set to be larger than the first distance, and a second radius of rotation of the intermediate link around the second fulcrum to the first point of action is set to be larger than a second distance from the second fulcrum to the second point of action.

[0010] According to the sliding type clamping and cutting instrument of the present invention, the intermediate link is provided between the handle portion and the sliding portion, and the first radius of rotation of the handle portion, which rotates about the first fulcrum, is made larger than the first distance, which is the distance from the first fulcrum to the first point of application, thereby forming a force multiplying mechanism based on the principle of leverage.Furthermore, the second radius of rotation of the intermediate link, which rotates about the second fulcrum, to the first point of application is made larger than the second distance, which is the distance from the second fulcrum to the second point of application, thereby forming another force multiplying mechanism based on the principle of leverage.

[0011] Therefore, in this invention, by combining these two boosting mechanisms, i.e., by introducing the principles of two levers into one instrument, it is possible to operate the operating part with less force than before, which makes it possible for even people with weaker strength, such as women, to perform surgery or other tasks with the same ability as stronger men.

[0012] In the sliding clamping and cutting instrument of the present invention, it is preferable that the angle formed by the line connecting the first fulcrum and the force point of the handle portion and the line connecting the first fulcrum and the first point of action is set to be an acute angle. That is, the direction from the first fulcrum to the first point of action is set to be reversed at the first fulcrum with respect to the direction from the force point to the first fulcrum.

[0013] By adopting this embodiment, it is possible to make the device more compact while maintaining the two boosting mechanisms described above.

[0014] Furthermore, in the sliding clamping and cutting instrument of the present invention, the movable clamping and cutting piece may be a clamping and cutting piece that is provided at the tip of the sliding part and is integral with the sliding part, and may be configured so that the relative distance between the movable clamping and cutting piece and the opposing fixed clamping and cutting piece is changed linearly by the pushing or pulling action of the sliding part, thereby performing the desired clamping or cutting action.

[0015] If a clamping / cutting section with this structure is used, it can be used as forceps called Kerrison punches, which are used in orthopedic surgery, etc. It can also be used to grasp small objects in narrow spaces or deep inside where hands cannot reach, or to cut objects with thin wire diameters.

[0016] Furthermore, in the sliding clamping and cutting instrument of the present invention, the movable clamping and cutting piece may be a clamping and cutting piece that is rotatably provided on the tip of the sliding section and the fixed support rod, and may be configured so that the relative position of the opposing fixed clamping and cutting piece is changed in the expansion direction or clamping and cutting direction by the pushing action of the sliding section, thereby performing the desired clamping or cutting action.

[0017] If a clamping / cutting section with this structure is used, it can be used as a sharp spoon forceps used in orthopedic surgery, etc. It can also be used to grasp somewhat larger objects in narrow spaces or deep inside where hands cannot reach, or to cut objects with a somewhat thick wire diameter.

[0018] Furthermore, in the sliding type clamping and cutting instrument of the present invention, a preferred embodiment is one in which a biasing spring is provided between the grip body and the handle portion, or between the grip body and the intermediate link, to bias the handle portion in the expanding direction.

[0019] When such a biasing spring is provided, the doctor or operator only needs to apply force in the direction of gripping the handle portion, and when expanding the handle portion, simply releasing the fingers that were placed on the handle portion will automatically return the handle portion to its original expanded state, improving operability.

[0020] The sliding clamping and cutting instrument of the present invention may also be forceps for orthopedic surgery.

[0021] When the sliding clamping and cutting instrument of the present invention is used as forceps for orthopedic surgery, even people with weak strength, such as women, can perform orthopedic surgery, which requires strength to grasp and cut hard bones, without any burden, which may contribute to an increase in the number of female orthopedic surgeons. [Effects of the Invention]

[0022] This invention provides a sliding clamping and cutting instrument that allows even women and other people with weaker strength to perform surgery and other tasks at the same level as stronger men. This will alleviate the anxiety of women and people with disabilities who are considering becoming orthopedic surgeons, and will also reduce the burden on current orthopedic surgeons and workers. This will enable faster surgery and work, prevent a decline in the quality of medical care and work due to fatigue, and ultimately prevent medical accidents and accidents during work. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0023] [Figure 1] 1 is a side view showing a state before operation of a first embodiment of the sliding type clamping and cutting instrument of the present invention. [Figure 2] 2 is a side view showing the sliding type clamping and cutting instrument shown in FIG. 1 in an operating state. FIG. [Figure 3] 2A to 2C are enlarged side views showing two types of clamping and cutting portions in the sliding clamping and cutting instrument shown in FIG. 1. [Figure 4] FIG. 10 is a side view showing a state before operation of a sliding type clamping and cutting instrument according to a second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] 5 is a side view showing the state during operation of the sliding type clamping and cutting instrument of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 4.

[0033] FIG. [Figure 6] 5A to 5C are enlarged side views showing two modes of the clamping and cutting section in the sliding clamping and cutting instrument of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 4. [Figure 7] 10A to 10C are enlarged side views showing three modes of the clamping and cutting section, illustrating another embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0024] The present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate embodiments of the present invention. The sliding clamping and cutting instrument of the present invention is suitable for use as forceps for orthopedic surgery, but can also be used for other tools such as nippers and pliers, as well as nail clippers.

[0025] First, the overall configuration of a first embodiment of the sliding type clamping and cutting instrument of the present invention will be described with reference to Figures 1 to 3. Figure 1 is a side view showing the first embodiment of the sliding type clamping and cutting instrument of the present invention in a state before operation. Figure 2 is a side view showing the sliding type clamping and cutting instrument shown in Figure 1 in a state during operation. Figure 3 is an enlarged side view showing two modes of the clamping and cutting section of the sliding type clamping and cutting instrument shown in Figure 1.

[0026] As shown in Figures 1 to 3, the sliding type clamping and cutting instrument 1 of the present invention comprises an operating section 7, an intermediate link 11, a long sliding section 9, a long fixed support rod 13 extending along the sliding section 9, a movable clamping and cutting piece 15 provided at the tip of the sliding section 9, and a fixed clamping and cutting piece 19 provided at the tip of the fixed support rod 13.

[0027] The operating unit 7 is operated by gripping it with one hand and includes a grip body 3 and a handle unit 5 rotatably connected to the grip body 3 via a first fulcrum O1. The intermediate link 11 transmits the force applied to the handle unit 5 from a first point of application P1 to a second point of application P2. In other words, the second point of application P2 at the base of the slide unit 9 moves in conjunction with the movement of the first point of application P1 of the handle unit 5. That is, the first point of application P1 also acts as the point of application of force of the intermediate link 11 (the point of application of force in the lever principle with the second fulcrum O2 as the center). Specifically, the intermediate link 11 is rotatably connected to the grip body 3 via the second fulcrum O2, and is also rotatably connected to the handle unit 5 and the slide unit 9.

[0028] The long sliding portion 9 slides back and forth due to the force transmitted from the intermediate link 11 to the second point of application P2. In other words, the sliding portion 9 moves in conjunction with the movement of the second point of application P2 of the intermediate link 11. The long fixed support rod 13 extends along the sliding portion 9 and is integral with the grip body 3. The fixed clamping / cutting piece 19 forms a pair with the movable clamping / cutting piece 15 to form the clamping / cutting portion 17.

[0029] The first fulcrum O1 is provided at the end of the handle 5 on the base side so that the intermediate link 11 rotates in the same direction as the rotation direction A of the handle 5, and a first point of application P1 is provided at a position a first distance L1 away from the first fulcrum O1 on the tip side of the handle 5. A first radius of rotation R1 of the handle 5 about the first fulcrum O1 is set to be larger than the first distance L1. Here, the tip of the handle 5 corresponds to the point of force (first point of force) where force is applied when an orthopedic surgeon or the like grips the handle. In other words, the first radius of rotation R1 corresponds to the distance from the first fulcrum O1 to the point of force.

[0030] Furthermore, a second radius of rotation R2 of the intermediate link 11 from the second fulcrum O2 to the first point of application P1 is set to be larger than a second distance L2 from the second fulcrum O2 to the second point of application P2. As described above, the first point of application P1 also acts as a point of application (second point of application) of the intermediate link 11, and therefore the second radius of rotation R2 also corresponds to the distance from the second fulcrum O2 to the point of application. Additionally, in this embodiment, a biasing spring 21 is provided between the grip body 3 and the handle portion 5 to bias the handle portion 5 in the opening direction.

[0031] Next, the configuration of the main parts of the sliding type clamping and cutting instrument 1 will be described.

[0032] 1 and 2, the operating unit 7 is made up of a grip body 3 that is held by wrapping it in the palm of the hand when gripped, and a handle portion 5 that the fingers hook when gripped in the hand, arranged in a V-shape and rotatably connected at a first fulcrum O1. A horn-shaped protrusion 23 is provided on the top of the grip body 3 for hooking the thumb or for holding the base of the thumb as needed during operation, and is further connected integrally with a fixed support rod 13 that extends horizontally forward at its top.

[0033] The handle portion 5 of this embodiment is curved to fit the shape of a finger, and a first fulcrum O1 is provided at its upper end. A first point of application P1, which serves as a connection point with the intermediate link 11, is provided at a position slightly below the first fulcrum O1 and a first distance L1 away. In this embodiment, the angle α between the line connecting the first fulcrum O1 and the point of application of force (the portion where force is applied when gripping the handle portion 5) of the handle portion 5 and the line connecting the first fulcrum O1 and the first point of application P1, shown by the dashed dotted line in FIG. 1, is set to an acute angle. In other words, the direction from the first fulcrum O1 to the first point of application P1 is set to be reversed at the first fulcrum O1 relative to the direction from the point of application of force toward the first fulcrum O1. This allows the sliding clamping and cutting instrument 1 to be made more compact.

[0034] The intermediate link 11 has a second fulcrum O2 at a position slightly above the middle, which serves as a connection point with the grip body 3. Furthermore, a first point of action P1, which serves as a connection point with the handle portion 5, is located at a position a second radius of rotation R2 below the second fulcrum O2. In this embodiment, in the pre-operation state shown in FIG. 1, the second fulcrum O2, the first fulcrum O1, and the first point of action P1 are arranged in a substantially straight line. Furthermore, a second point of action P2, which serves as a connection point with the slide portion 9, is provided at a second distance L2 above the second fulcrum O2.

[0035] The sliding part 9 is rod-shaped and extends horizontally forward, and is supported by a fixed support rod 13 (described below) to slide a predetermined stroke in the front-to-rear direction Y. A movable clamping / cutting piece 15 is integrally provided at the tip of the sliding part 9, and is configured so that the relative distance between the movable clamping / cutting piece 15 and the opposing fixed clamping / cutting piece 19 is changed linearly by pushing the sliding part 9, thereby performing the clamping or cutting action on the target object W.

[0036] As described above, the fixed support rod 13 is a rod-shaped member that extends horizontally forward and is formed integrally with the upper part of the grip body 3. The fixed support rod 13 supports the sliding part 9 and serves as a guide member that guides its sliding, as well as a support member for the fixed clamping / cutting piece 19 that is integrally formed at the tip of the rod. The length S of the sliding part 9 and the fixed support rod 13 is long, for example, about 200 mm, and has proportions that are suitable for surgery or work in narrow spaces that are difficult to reach with hands or when the object W is located deep inside.

[0037] In this embodiment, a biasing spring 21A having a structure in which, for example, two leaf springs are connected is used as the biasing spring 21. This biasing spring 21A is attached to the inner wall surfaces of the grip body 3 and the handle portion 5 with screws or the like.

[0038] In this embodiment, as an example, the movable-side clamping and cutting piece 15A and the fixed-side clamping and cutting piece 19A are used with opposing surfaces that are inclined in the same direction. When these are used for the purpose of clamping an object W, the opposing surfaces are given a shape and structure that makes it easy to grip the object W and makes it less likely to slip. On the other hand, when the movable-side clamping and cutting piece 15A and the fixed-side clamping and cutting piece 19A are used for the purpose of cutting the object W, a blade for cutting the object W is formed on each opposing surface.

[0039] In this embodiment, the first radius of rotation R1 from the first fulcrum O1 to the tip of the handle portion 5 is set to, for example, 102.4 mm, the first distance L1 from the first fulcrum O1 to the first point of application P1 is set to, for example, 10.5 mm, the second radius of rotation R2 from the second fulcrum O2 to the first point of application P1 is set to, for example, 26.5 mm, and the second distance L2 from the second fulcrum O2 to the second point of application P2 is set to, for example, 16.7 mm. As a result, in this embodiment, when a force of 1 kgf is applied to the tip of the handle portion 5, a force of R1 / L1×R2 / L2=102.4 / 10.5×26.5 / 16.7=15.5 kgf is output to the clamping and cutting portion 17A. That is, in this embodiment, the multiplying mechanism, which uses the principle of leverage in two stages and is implemented by the handle portion 5 and the intermediate link 11, has a leverage ratio set so that the handle portion 5 can be operated with a force that is less than one-fifteenth of the force applied to the clamping / cutting portion 17.

[0040] Considering a sliding type clamping and cutting instrument of a conventional structure in which the handle portion 5 simply rotates about the second fulcrum O2 without the intermediate link 11, when a force of 1 kgf is applied to the tip of the handle portion 5, assuming that the radius of rotation R0 from the second fulcrum O2 to the tip of the handle portion 5 is, for example, 111.4 mm and the distance L0 from the second fulcrum O2 to the second point of application P2 is, for example, 16.7 mm, a force of R0 / L0 = 111.4 / 16.7 = 6.7 kg is output from the clamping and cutting portion 17. Therefore, with the sliding type clamping and cutting instrument 1A of this embodiment, an increase in output at the clamping and cutting portion 17B of 15.5 / 6.7 = approximately 2.3 times is expected compared to a sliding type clamping and cutting instrument of a conventional structure.

[0041] Next, two modes of the clamping and cutting unit 17A of this embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 3. One mode, as shown in Fig. 3(a), is a mode in which a movable clamping and cutting piece 15A with a tip inclined like a knife is pressed forward onto a fixed support rod 13 equipped with a fixed clamping and cutting piece 19A with a hook-shaped claw 25 facing diagonally upward at the tip, thereby clamping or cutting an object W.

[0042] In another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3(b), a fixed support rod 13 having a fixed clamping / cutting piece 19A with a knife-like inclined tip is placed above, and a slide part 9 having a movable clamping / cutting piece 15A with a hook-shaped claw part 25 at the tip is placed below it, and the movable clamping / cutting piece 15A is pulled backward to clamp or cut the object W.

[0043] These two aspects are applicable to forceps known as Kerrison punches, which are used in orthopedic surgery and the like, and are suitable for grasping or cutting relatively small or thin objects W. In addition, because the movable area of ​​the clamping / cutting part 17A is small, it is suitable for surgery or work on very delicate areas near nerves or blood vessels.

[0044] When clamping or cutting an object W using the sliding clamping and cutting instrument 1A of this embodiment configured as described above, first, as shown in Fig. 1, the object W is positioned in the gap 27 between the movable clamping and cutting piece 15A and the fixed clamping and cutting piece 19A. Next, the operator holds the operating part 7 with one hand and pulls the handle part 5 against the biasing force of the biasing spring 21A. When the handle part 5 is pulled, as shown in Fig. 2, the handle part 5 rotates clockwise about the first fulcrum O1, displacing the first point of action P1 diagonally upward and left.

[0045] When the first point of action P1 is displaced, the first point of action P1 acts as a force point, and the intermediate link 11 rotates clockwise around the second fulcrum O2, displacing the second point of action P2 to the right. The rightward displacement of the second point of action P2 moves the slide part 9 forward. As a result, as shown in Figure 2, the object W is clamped and cut between the movable clamping / cutting piece 15A at the tip and the opposing fixed clamping / cutting piece 19A.

[0046] After clamping or cutting of the object W is completed, the fingers on the handle 5 are released, and the force of the biasing spring 21A returns the handle 5, intermediate link 11, and slide part 9 to their original states. As a result, as shown in Figure 1, the clamping / cutting part 17A also returns to its original state with a wide gap 27 formed between the two opposing clamping / cutting pieces 15A and 19A.

[0047] The sliding type clamping and cutting instrument 1A according to this embodiment, which is configured in this manner, can operate the operating part 7 with little force thanks to the boosting mechanism that utilizes the principle of two levers described above (a boosting mechanism that uses the principle of levers in two stages). In addition, by devising the positional relationship between the second fulcrum O2 and the first point of application P1 of the intermediate link 11, the sliding type clamping and cutting instrument 1A can be made compact, making it easy to use even for people with weak strength, such as women.

[0048] Next, a second embodiment of the sliding clamping and cutting instrument of the present invention will be described with reference to Figures 4 to 6. In the second embodiment described below, differences from the first embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 3 will be mainly described, and components with the same names as those in the first embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 3 will be described using the same reference numerals as used above, and duplicated descriptions may be omitted.

[0049] Fig. 4 is a side view showing a state before operation of a sliding type clamping and cutting instrument according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a side view showing a state during operation of the sliding type clamping and cutting instrument according to the second embodiment shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is an enlarged side view showing two types of clamping and cutting parts in the sliding type clamping and cutting instrument according to the second embodiment shown in Fig. 4.

[0050] As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the sliding type clamping and cutting instrument 1B according to the second embodiment has the same basic structure as the sliding type clamping and cutting instrument 1A according to the first embodiment described above, but differs from the first embodiment in the shape and installation location of the biasing spring 21B and the structure of the clamping and cutting section 17B.

[0051] Specifically, in this embodiment, a single leaf spring bent into an "L" shape is used as the biasing spring 21B, and is attached by engaging one end with a locking protrusion 29 provided on the grip body 3 and the other end including the bent portion with a locking recess 30 formed in the intermediate link 11. The biasing spring 21B having such a shape and installation form also applies a biasing force to return the handle portion 5 and the clamping and cutting portion 17B to their original states.

[0052] In this embodiment, the movable clamping and cutting piece 15B is rotatably provided at the tip of the slide part 9 and the fixed support rod 13. This clamping and cutting piece 15B is configured so that the relative position of the opposing fixed clamping and cutting piece 19B can be changed in the opening direction or the clamping or cutting direction by pushing the slide part 9, thereby performing the clamping or cutting action on the target object W. Specifically, the movable clamping and cutting piece 15B has a pivot point Q in a position near the rear of the fixed clamping and cutting piece 19B and a connecting point J at the tip of the slide part 9.

[0053] Next, two types of configurations of the clamping and cutting unit 17B of this embodiment will be described using Fig. 6. One is a configuration in which, as shown in Fig. 6(a), a fixed support rod 13 is disposed below and a slide unit 9 is disposed above, and by pushing the upper slide unit 9 forward, the connecting point J is displaced forward, causing the open movable clamping and cutting piece 15B to rotate clockwise in the drawing, thereby clamping or cutting the object W.

[0054] Another embodiment is shown in Figure 6(b), in which a fixed support rod 13 is arranged above and a slide portion 9 is arranged below, and by pushing the lower slide portion 9 forward, the connection point J is displaced forward, and the movable clamping / cutting piece 15B in the expanded state is rotated counterclockwise in the figure to clamp or cut the object W.

[0055] These two aspects are applicable to sharp spoon forceps used in orthopedic surgery and are suitable for gripping and cutting objects W that are larger and thicker than the objects W used with the Kerrison punch described above. In addition, this embodiment has a larger movable range for the clamping and cutting unit 17 than the first embodiment described above, making it suitable for surgery or work in areas with relatively ample space.

[0056] When using the sliding clamping and cutting instrument 1B configured in this manner to clamp or cut an object W, first, the object W is positioned in the space 31 formed between the movable clamping and cutting piece 15B and the fixed clamping and cutting piece 19B in the spread state, as shown in Figure 4. Next, as in the first embodiment described above, the operating part 7 is grasped with one hand and the handle part 5 is pulled against the biasing force of the biasing spring 21B.

[0057] 5, when the handle portion 5 is pulled, a double-leverage mechanism using the same two-stage lever principle as in the first embodiment described above is activated, moving the slide portion 9 forward. As the slide portion 9 moves, the connecting point J is displaced forward, so that the movable clamping / cutting piece 15B begins to rotate about the rotation fulcrum Q, and clamps or cuts the object W between itself and the opposing fixed clamping / cutting piece 19B.

[0058] After the clamping or cutting operation is completed, the fingers on the handle portion 5 are released to return it to a released state, and the force of the biasing spring 21B returns the handle portion 5, intermediate link 11, and slide portion 9 to their original states, and as shown in Figure 4, the clamping / cutting portion 17B also returns to its original state in which a wide space 31 is formed between the two opposing clamping / cutting pieces 15B and 19B.

[0059] The sliding type clamping and cutting instrument 1B configured in this manner, like the first embodiment described above, has a force-boosting mechanism that utilizes the principle of two levers, allowing the operating unit 7 to be operated with little force. Furthermore, by devising the positional relationship between the second fulcrum O2 and the first point of application P1 of the intermediate link 11, the instrument can be made compact, making the sliding type clamping and cutting instrument 1B easy to use even for people with weak strength, such as women.

[0060] The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and can be modified in various ways within the scope of the claims. For example, the values ​​of the first distance L1, the second distance L2, the first rotation radius R1, and the second rotation radius R2 are not limited to the above-described values ​​and can be variously sized and combined. Furthermore, the shapes and structures of the movable clamping / cutting piece 15 and the fixed clamping / cutting piece 19 are not limited to those described in the first and second embodiments and various shapes and structures can be adopted according to individual purposes.

[0061] Furthermore, the sliding clamping and cutting instrument 1 of the present invention is not limited to the forceps used in orthopedic surgery and the like as described in the first and second embodiments. For example, as shown in Fig. 7(a), it can be used as nippers 33 for cutting wire 34 when the object W is wire 34. Also, as shown in Fig. 7(b), it can be used as a work tool such as pliers 35 for gripping part 36 when the object W is a part 36, etc. Furthermore, as shown in Fig. 7(c), it can be used as nail clippers 37 for cutting toenails 38 when the object W is a toenail 38 for people who have difficulty bending their bodies, and it can also be used as various other work tools or implements.

[0062] Furthermore, if the sliding portion 9 and fixed support rod 13 are long, it becomes difficult to align the object W using the clamping / cutting portion 17. It is also expected that the clamping / cutting portion 17 may shake during forceful operations. In such cases, it is possible to provide a support bar (not shown) midway along the fixed support rod 13, which can be held and supported by the hand opposite to the hand holding the operating portion 7. Furthermore, the biasing spring 21 is not limited to a leaf spring, and spring members of various structures, such as a torsion coil spring or a compression coil spring, can be used.

[0063] Note that even if a component is included only in the description of each of the above-described embodiments, that component may be applied to other embodiments. [Explanation of symbols]

[0064] 1. Sliding clamping and cutting tool 3 Grip body 5 Handle 7 Control section 9 Slide section 11 Intermediate Links 13 Fixed support rod 15 Movable side clamping / cutting piece 17 Clamping / cutting section 19 Fixed side clamped / cut piece 21 bias spring 23 Protrusion 25 Claw 27 Cavity 31 Space 33 Nippers 35 Pliers 37 Nail Clippers O1 First Support Point O2 Second Support Point P1 1st point of action P2 2nd point of action A Rotation direction L1 1st distance L2 2nd distance L0 distance R1 First turning radius R2 Second turning radius R0 Radius of rotation S length Y Front-to-rear direction Q Rotational fulcrum J connection point W Object

Claims

1. an operating unit that has a grip body and a handle portion rotatably connected to the grip body via a first fulcrum, and is gripped and operated with one hand; an intermediate link that is rotatably connected to the grip body by a second fulcrum and that transmits a force applied to the handle portion from a first point of application to a second point of application; a long sliding portion that slides back and forth by a force transmitted to the second point of application by the intermediate link; a long fixed support rod extending along the slide portion and integral with the grip body; a movable clamping / cutting piece provided at the tip of the slide part; a fixed clamping / cutting piece provided at the tip of the fixed support rod and paired with the movable clamping / cutting piece to form a clamping / cutting section; the first fulcrum is provided at an end of the handle portion on a base side, and the first point of application is provided at a position spaced a first distance from the first fulcrum, a first radius of rotation of the handle portion about the first fulcrum being set to be larger than the first distance, and a second radius of rotation of the intermediate link about the second fulcrum being set to be larger than a second distance from the second fulcrum to the second point of action.

2. 2. The sliding clamping and cutting instrument according to claim 1, wherein an angle formed by a line connecting the first fulcrum and the force point of the handle portion and a line connecting the first fulcrum and the first point of action is set to an acute angle.

3. 3. A sliding clamping and cutting instrument according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the movable clamping and cutting piece is a clamping and cutting piece that is provided at the tip of the sliding part and is integral with the sliding part, and is configured so that the relative distance between the movable clamping and cutting piece and the opposing fixed clamping and cutting piece is changed linearly by pushing or pulling the sliding part, thereby performing the desired clamping or cutting action.

4. 3. A sliding clamping and cutting instrument according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the movable clamping and cutting piece is a clamping and cutting piece that is rotatably mounted on the tip of the sliding section and the fixed support rod, and is configured so that by pushing the sliding section, the relative position with respect to the opposing fixed clamping and cutting piece is changed in the expansion direction or the clamping and cutting direction to perform the desired clamping or cutting action.

5. 3. The sliding clamping and cutting instrument according to claim 1, wherein a biasing spring is provided between the grip body and the handle portion, or between the grip body and the intermediate link, for biasing the handle portion in the expanding direction.

6. 3. The sliding type clamping and cutting instrument according to claim 1, wherein the sliding type clamping and cutting instrument is a forceps for orthopedic surgery.

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