Railroad tie

Abstract

To provide a railroad tie capable of preventing uplift.SOLUTION: In a railroad tie 100 placed on ballast, a part or whole of the railroad tie 100 is the railroad tie which is made of a long fiber-reinforced resin foam body of a foam body including long fiber shaped reinforced material and resin reinforced material or lumber, wherein at least a part thereof in a longitudinal direction is an area satisfying the following condition A for a sectional shape S1 perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and a length of the area A in the longitudinal direction is 10% or more of a total length in the longitudinal direction. The condition A: width W perpendicular to a height direction is not uniform in shapes of the section S1, the width W of a lower part of the railroad tie reaches the maximum width Wa, and an absolute value of difference between the maximum width Wa and the minimum width Wb of the width W is 20 mm or more and 80 mm or lower.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to railway sleepers. [Background technology]

[0002] One type of railway track is a ballasted track, where sleepers are placed on ballast and rail members are laid on top of the sleepers. Ballast is often made of hard, angular crushed stone, and is usually laid so that it touches all sides of the sleepers except the top. The outer surfaces of the sleepers are worn away by contact with the ballast.

[0003] Known railway sleepers include concrete sleepers (PC sleepers), wooden sleepers, and fiber-reinforced resin sleepers (synthetic sleepers). For example, Patent Document 1 relates to synthetic sleepers and proposes a method of preventing lateral shifting of the sleepers by reducing the density of the area where the underside of the sleeper comes into contact with the ballast, making it easier for the ballast to bite into the sleepers. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 4458395 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] When a train passes over a railway sleeper, bending deformation of the sleeper can cause a phenomenon called uplift, in which the sleeper is lifted entirely or partially. When uplift occurs, there is more impact and friction between the ballast and the sleeper, which increases the wear on the sleeper. In particular, wooden and synthetic sleepers are lighter and less rigid than PC sleepers, making them more susceptible to uplift. The present invention aims to provide a railway sleeper that can prevent uplift. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] [1] Railway sleepers placed on ballast, A part or all of the railway sleepers are made of a long-fiber reinforced resin foam, which is a foam containing a long-fiber reinforcement material and a cured resin, or wood, A railway sleeper in which, in at least a part of the longitudinal direction of the railway sleeper, there is an area A whose cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the longitudinal direction satisfies the following condition A, and the length of the area A in the longitudinal direction is 10% or more of the total length of the railway sleeper in the longitudinal direction. Condition A: In the cross-sectional shape, the width W perpendicular to the height direction is not uniform, the width W is at its maximum value at the bottom of the railway sleeper, and the absolute value of the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​of the width W is 20 mm or more and 80 mm or less. [2] The density of the railway sleeper is 0.64 g / cm 3 More than 1.2g / cm 3 [1] The railway sleeper according to [1] below. [3] The railway sleeper in the region A has a density of 0.64 g / cm 3 More than 0.9g / cm 3 The railway sleeper according to [1], which is made of the long fiber reinforced resin foam having a viscosity of less than 1000 MPa. [4] The railway sleeper in the region A has a density of 0.9 g / cm 3 More than 1.2g / cm 3 The railway sleeper according to [1], which is made of the long fiber reinforced resin foam as follows: [5] The lower surface of the railway sleeper in the region A has a density of 0.9 g / cm 3 More than 1.2g / cm 3 The long fiber reinforced resin foam is: The upper surface of the railway sleeper in the region A has a density of 0.64 g / cm 3 More than 0.9g / cm 3 The railway sleeper according to [1], which is made of the long fiber reinforced resin foam or wood having a thickness of less than 1 / 2 mm. [6] The railway sleeper according to [1], wherein the underside of the railway sleeper in the region A is made of a compacted body containing a powdered reinforcing material and a cured resin. [7] The railway sleeper according to [1], wherein the underside of the railway sleeper in the region A is made of a resin molded body containing a thermoplastic resin. [8] The railway sleeper according to [7], wherein the thermoplastic resin is one or more selected from the group consisting of polyamide, polyacetal, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyvinyl chloride. [Effects of the Invention]

[0007] According to the present invention, a railway sleeper capable of preventing uplift is obtained. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a railway sleeper of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the railway sleeper of the present invention. [Figure 3] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the railway sleeper of the present invention. [Figure 4] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the railway sleeper of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] In this specification and claims, the use of "to" indicating a range of values ​​means that the values ​​before and after it are included as the lower and upper limits. The drawings are schematic diagrams for easily explaining the configuration, and the dimensional ratios of each component may differ from the actual ones.

[0010] <Railway sleepers> The railway sleeper (hereinafter simply referred to as "sleeper") of the present invention is placed on ballast. The underside of the sleeper faces downward when the sleeper is placed on the ballast and is the surface that comes into contact with the ballast. The size of the sleeper is, for example, 2100 to 9000 mm in length in the X direction, 180 to 350 mm in width in the Y direction, and 140 to 300 mm in height in the Z direction.

[0011] The cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the sleeper of the present invention may or may not be uniform. At least a part of the longitudinal direction of the sleeper has an area A in which the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the longitudinal direction satisfies the following condition A. The cross-sectional shape of area A may be uniform or may vary within a range that satisfies condition A. Condition A: In the cross-sectional shape, the width W perpendicular to the height direction is not uniform, the width W has a maximum value Wa at the lower part of the sleeper, and the absolute value of the difference between the maximum value Wa and the minimum value Wb of the width W is 20 mm or more and 80 mm or less. In the height direction of the cross-sectional shape, it is preferable that the portion where the width W has the maximum value Wa exists in a region from the lower surface to a height of ¼ of the total height. The absolute value of the difference between the maximum value Wa and the minimum value Wb in the condition A is preferably 20 to 80 mm, more preferably 40 to 60 mm. When the absolute value is equal to or greater than the lower limit of the above range, the uplift prevention effect is excellent. When the absolute value is equal to or less than the upper limit, it is easy to ensure a sufficient area of ​​the upper surface.

[0012] 1 to 4 are cross-sectional views showing examples of the shape of a cross section S perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of a sleeper in region A. Hereinafter, the longitudinal direction of the sleeper will be referred to as the X direction, the height direction when the sleeper is placed on a horizontal surface as the Z direction, and the direction perpendicular to the X and Z directions as the Y direction.

[0013] The cross section S1 of the sleeper 100 shown in Figure 1 is trapezoidal, and the width W perpendicular to the Z direction gradually increases from the upper surface 100b of the sleeper toward the lower surface 100a. The width W reaches a maximum value Wa at the lower surface 100a of the sleeper and a minimum value Wb at the upper surface 100b. The side surface 100c of the sleeper is inclined.

[0014] In region A, the sleeper 100 may be made up of a single member, or two or more members may be stacked and integrated together. For example, a lower member 110 having a trapezoidal cross section including a lower surface 100a and an upper member 120 having a trapezoidal cross section including an upper surface 100b may be stacked in the Z direction and integrated together. An intermediate member (not shown) may be further stacked between the lower member 110 and the upper member 120. When constructing a sleeper 100 by stacking multiple components, the thickness D of the lower component 110 including the lower surface 100a is not particularly limited and can be set taking into consideration the density, wear resistance, price, etc. of the lower component.

[0015] The width W of the cross section S1 of the sleeper 100 is widest at the bottom surface 100a, and the side surface 100c is an upwardly sloping surface. When the sleeper 100 is placed on ballast and the ballast is laid so as to bury part or all of the side surface 100c, a downward load acts on the side surface 100c, which prevents uplift.

[0016] 2 has a rectangular cross section S2, and at the bottom there is a step 201 whose width W perpendicular to the Z direction increases downward. The width W has a maximum value Wa in the section from the lower surface 200a of the sleeper to the step 201, and a minimum value Wb in the section from the step 201 to the upper surface 200b. In the Z direction, the distance D from the lower surface 200a to the step portion 201 is preferably ¼ or less, more preferably ⅙ or less, of the total height H from the lower surface 200a to the upper surface 200b.

[0017] In region A, the sleeper 200 may be made of a single member, or may be made of two or more members made of different materials stacked together to form an integrated unit. For example, a plate-shaped lower member 210 including a lower surface 200a and a columnar upper member 220 including an upper surface 200b may be stacked together in the Z direction to form an integrated unit. An intermediate member (not shown) may be stacked between the lower member 210 and the upper member 220. In cross section S2, distance D from lower surface 200a to step 201 is preferably 5 to 100 mm, more preferably 10 to 30 mm. If it is equal to or greater than the lower limit of the above range, step 201 will have excellent strength, and if it is equal to or less than the upper limit, ballast will easily get caught on step 201, resulting in an excellent effect of preventing uplift.

[0018] The width W of the cross section S2 of the sleeper 200 is widest at the bottom, and the sleeper 200 has a step 201 on the side. When the sleeper 200 is placed on ballast and the ballast is spread so as to fill the step 201, a downward load acts on the step 201, which provides an uplift prevention effect.

[0019] The cross section S3 of the sleeper 300 shown in Fig. 3 is rectangular, and at the bottom there is a step 301 whose width W perpendicular to the Z direction increases downward. Also, at the center in the Z direction there is a protrusion 302 whose width W increases partially. The width W is at its maximum value Wa in the section from the lower surface 300a of the sleeper to the step 301, and at its minimum value Wb in the section from the protrusion 302 to the upper surface 300b. The width W at the protrusion 302 is greater than Wb and equal to or less than Wa. In the Z direction, the distance D1 from the lower surface 300a to the step portion 301 is preferably ¼ or less, more preferably ⅙ or less, of the total height H from the lower surface 300a to the upper surface 300b.

[0020] In the region A, the sleeper 300 may be formed of a single member, or may be formed by stacking two or more members made of different materials together. For example, a plate-shaped lower member 310 including the lower surface 300a, a columnar first intermediate member 330 forming the area from the step portion 301 to the protruding portion 302, a plate-shaped second intermediate member 340 forming the protruding portion 302, and a columnar upper member 320 including the upper surface 300b may be stacked in this order in the Z direction and integrated. In cross section S3, distance D1 from lower surface 300a to step 301 is preferably 5 to 30 mm, and more preferably 10 to 20 mm. If it is equal to or greater than the lower limit of the above range, step 301 will have excellent strength, and if it is equal to or less than the upper limit, it will have excellent uplift prevention effects. Thickness D2 of protrusion 302 in the Z direction is preferably 5 to 30 mm, and more preferably 10 to 20 mm. If it is equal to or greater than the lower limit of the above range, protrusion 302 will have excellent strength, and if it is equal to or less than the upper limit, it will have excellent uplift prevention effects.

[0021] The width W of the cross section S3 of the sleeper 300 is widest at the bottom, and the sleeper 300 has a step 301 and a protrusion 302 on its side. When the sleeper 300 is placed on ballast and the ballast is spread so as to fill the step 301 and the protrusion 302, a downward load acts on the step 301 and the protrusion 302, which provides an uplift prevention effect.

[0022] The cross section S4 of the sleeper 400 shown in Fig. 4 is rectangular, and at the bottom there is an inclined portion 401 whose width W perpendicular to the Z direction gradually increases downward. Also at the top there is an inclined portion 402 whose width W gradually increases upward. The width W is at its maximum value Wa from the lower surface 400a of the sleeper to the lower end of the inclined portion 401, and at its minimum value Wb in the center. The width W from the lower end of the upper inclined portion 402 to the upper surface 400b is greater than Wb but not greater than Wa. In the Z direction, the distance D1 from the lower surface 400a to the lower end of the inclined portion 401 is preferably ¼ or less, more preferably ⅙ or less, of the total height H from the lower surface 400a to the upper surface 400b. In the Z direction, the distance D2 from the upper surface 400b to the upper end of the inclined portion 402 is preferably ¼ or less, more preferably ⅙ or less, of the total height H from the lower surface 400a to the upper surface 400b.

[0023] In region A, sleeper 400 may be formed from a single member, or two or more members made of different materials may be stacked and integrated. For example, a lower member 410 including lower surface 400a and inclined portion 401, a columnar intermediate member 430 forming the area between inclined portion 401 and inclined portion 402, and an upper member 420 including upper surface 300b and inclined portion 402 may be stacked in this order in the Z direction and integrated. In cross section S4, distance D1 from lower surface 400a to inclined portion 401 is preferably 5 to 30 mm, and more preferably 10 to 20 mm. If it is equal to or greater than the lower limit of the above range, the strength of inclined portion 401 will be excellent, and if it is equal to or less than the upper limit, the uplift prevention effect will be excellent. Distance D2 from upper surface 400b to inclined portion 402 is preferably 5 to 30 mm, and more preferably 10 to 20 mm. If it is equal to or greater than the lower limit of the above range, the strength of inclined portion 402 will be excellent, and if it is equal to or less than the upper limit, ballast will easily get in between inclined portions 401 and 402, and the uplift prevention effect will be excellent.

[0024] The width W of the cross section S4 of the sleeper 400 is widest at the bottom, and the sleeper 400 has an upwardly sloping slope 401 on the side. When the sleeper 400 is placed on ballast and the ballast is spread so as to fill the slope 401, a downward load acts on the slope 401, which provides an uplift prevention effect.

[0025] When the total length of the sleeper in the X direction is taken as 100%, the proportion of the length L of region A in the X direction is 10% or more, preferably 20% or more, and more preferably 30% or more. It may be 100%. When there are multiple regions A in the X direction, the length L of said region A is the sum of the lengths of all the regions A. When the cross-sectional shape of the sleeper perpendicular to the X direction is uniform, the proportion of the length L of said region A is 100%. When said length L is equal to or greater than said lower limit, an excellent effect of preventing uplift is achieved.

[0026] The shape of the cross section S perpendicular to the longitudinal direction in the sleeper region A is not limited to the above example, and can be changed as long as it satisfies condition A. For example, the shapes of the cross sections S1 to S4 are symmetrical with respect to an axis of symmetry that passes through the center of the cross section and is parallel to the Z direction, but they may also be asymmetrical.

[0027] <Material> Some or all of the sleepers are made of long fiber reinforced resin foam or wood. All of the sleepers may be made of long fiber reinforced resin foam, or all of the sleepers may be made of wood. When a portion of the sleeper is made of a long fiber reinforced resin foam, the remaining portion may be made of wood, other materials, or a combination thereof. Other materials include resin molded bodies containing thermoplastic resins, and compacted molded bodies containing powdered reinforcing material and cured resin. The density of the entire sleeper is 0.64g / cm 3 More than 1.2g / cm 3 Preferably, 0.74 to 1.00 g / cm 3 When the value is equal to or greater than the lower limit of the above range, the strength is excellent, and when the value is equal to or less than the upper limit, the workability is reduced.

[0028] <Wood> The wood may be any wood known for use as a material for sleepers. The wood may be optionally processed.

[0029] <Long fiber reinforced resin foam> The long fiber reinforced resin foam is a foam containing a long fiber reinforcing material and a cured resin. The long fiber reinforcement is preferably a bundle of long glass fibers (fiber bundle). The long fibers are present continuously over the entire length of the sleeper in the X direction. The cured resin is impregnated into the gaps between the fibers in the fiber bundle. The cured resin is preferably a cured product of urethane resin, more preferably a cured product of thermosetting urethane resin. The cured resin is a foamed resin. The cured resin is more preferably a cured product of urethane resin and a urethane foam containing bubbles. The sleeper is more preferably a urethane foam reinforced with long glass fibers (hereinafter also referred to as "long glass fiber reinforced urethane foam"). The long fiber reinforced resin foam may contain solid fillers such as silica sand, fly ash, or rubber chips.

[0030] The density of the long fiber reinforced resin foam is 0.64 g / cm 3 More than 1.2g / cm 3 The following is preferred: The density of 0.64g / cm makes it easy to make the sleepers lighter. 3 More than 0.9g / cm 3 A long fiber reinforced resin foam having a density of less than 1000 kJ / cm (hereinafter also referred to as a "low density foam") is preferred. In terms of excellent abrasion resistance, the density is 0.9 g / cm 3 More than 1.2g / cm 3 The following long fiber reinforced resin foam (hereinafter also referred to as "high density foam") is preferred. The density of the long fiber reinforced resin foam can be adjusted by, for example, the density of the cured resin and the content of the reinforcing material, and the density of the cured resin can be adjusted by the amount and combination of types of foaming agent.

[0031] The abrasion resistance of the long-fiber reinforced resin foam can be measured by the amount of abrasion in the abrasion test described below (the same applies hereinafter). The abrasion amount of the low density material is, for example, 0.70 cm on the surface parallel to the long fibers (straight grain). 3 Less than 0.60cm is preferred 3 The following is more preferred: The abrasion amount of a high-density material is, for example, 0.40 cm on the surface parallel to the long fibers (straight grain). 3 Less than 0.30cm is preferred 3 The following is more preferred:

[0032] High-density materials are suitable as the material for the underside of a sleeper. When a sleeper is constructed by stacking multiple components, high-density materials can be suitably used as the lower component, including the underside. When the lower component is made of high-density material, the thickness (D, D1) of the lower component in the Z direction is preferably 3 mm or more, more preferably 5 mm or more. If the thickness is above the above lower limit, the effect of improving wear resistance is excellent. The upper limit is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of cost reduction, it is preferably 70 mm or less, more preferably 20 mm or less. In addition, a wear-resistant layer made of a high-density material may be provided on one or more of the outer surfaces other than the lower surface of the sleeper (the side surface perpendicular to the X direction, the side surface perpendicular to the Y direction, and the upper surface perpendicular to the Z direction; the same applies below).

[0033] The long fiber reinforced resin foam can be produced by a known method. The long fiber reinforced resin foam may be a commercially available product. For example, Eslon NeoLumber FFU (registered trademark, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., hereinafter also referred to as "FFU"), which is a long glass fiber reinforced urethane foam, can be used. FFU is a material in which a thermosetting urethane resin foam is reinforced with long glass fibers.

[0034] <Densified compact> The compact contains a powdered reinforcing material and a cured resin. The powdered reinforcing material and the binder resin are mixed and compressed to form the compact. The compact has excellent abrasion resistance. For example, a long fiber reinforced resin foam may be crushed into a powder and the resulting powder may be compression molded into a compact. Alternatively, a crushed long glass fiber reinforced urethane foam may be crushed and compression molded into a compact containing glass powder and a cured urethane resin. The binder resin may be any resin capable of binding the powdery reinforcing material together and solidifying the entire material. For example, if the resin in the reinforcing material is a urethane resin, a polyisocyanate compound such as diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) can be used as the binder. The density of the compact is 1.1 g / cm 3 More than 1.3 g / cm is preferable. 3 The upper limit is not particularly limited, but for example, 10 g / cm 3 Less than 8g / cm is preferred 3 The following is more preferred: The wear amount of the compact is, for example, 0.4 cm 3 Less than 0.3cm is preferable 3 The following is more preferred:

[0035] The compacted body is suitable as a material for the underside of a sleeper. When a sleeper is constructed by stacking multiple components, the compacted body can be suitably used as the lower component including the underside. When the lower component is made of the compacted body, the thickness (D, D1) of the lower component in the Z direction is preferably 5 mm or more, more preferably 10 mm or more. If it is above the above lower limit value, it has an excellent effect of improving wear resistance. The upper limit value is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of cost reduction, it is preferably 30 mm or less, more preferably 20 mm or less. In addition, a wear-resistant layer made of a compacted body may be provided on one or more of the outer surfaces of the sleeper other than the lower surface.

[0036] <Resin molded body containing thermoplastic resin> The thermoplastic resin is preferably a resin that has excellent abrasion resistance after molding. For example, one or more selected from the group consisting of polyamide, polyacetal, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyvinyl chloride are preferred. A material containing a thermoplastic resin is molded by a known method to form a resin molded product. The resin molded body may contain known additives in addition to the thermoplastic resin, if necessary. The density of the resin molding is 0.8 g / cm 3 More than 0.85 g / cm is preferable. 3The above is more preferable. There is no particular upper limit. The polyethylene is preferably ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, because it has excellent abrasion resistance. For example, the abrasion amount of a resin molded body made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is 0.1 cm 3 Less than 0.03cm is preferable 3 The following is more preferred:

[0037] A resin molded body containing a thermoplastic resin is suitable as the material for the lower surface of a sleeper. When a sleeper is constructed by stacking multiple components, a resin molded body containing a thermoplastic resin can be suitably used as the lower component including the lower surface. When the lower component is made of a resin molded body containing a thermoplastic resin, the thickness (D, D1) of the lower component in the Z direction is preferably 2 mm or more, more preferably 5 mm or more. If it is above the above lower limit value, it has an excellent effect of improving wear resistance. The upper limit value is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of cost reduction, it is preferably 20 mm or less, more preferably 10 mm or less. Furthermore, an abrasion-resistant layer made of a resin molded body containing a thermoplastic resin may be provided on one or more of the outer surfaces of the sleeper other than the lower surface.

[0038] When a sleeper is constructed by stacking a plurality of members, the densities of the members may be the same or different. If the densities of the members are different, it is preferable that the density of the lower member including the lower surface is the highest among the densities of the plurality of members. For example, the difference between the density of the lower member and the lowest density among the densities of the plurality of members is 0.06 to 0.76 g / cm 3 is preferable, and 0.11 to 0.56 g / cm 3 is more preferred. When a sleeper is constructed by stacking a plurality of members, the wear amounts of the members may be the same or different. If the wear amounts of the members are different, it is preferable that the wear amount of the lower member including the lower surface is the smallest among the wear amounts of the plurality of members. When constructing a sleeper by stacking multiple components, the means for integrating the components can be any known fastening means appropriate to the material of each component. For example, adhesives, screws, or a combination of these may be used. [Example]

[0039] The present invention will be described in more detail below using examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0040] <Measurement method> [Wear test] Using test pieces (length 100, width 100, thickness 10) made of each material, a Taber abrasion test defined in JIS K6264-2 (2005) was conducted under the following conditions: load: 0.53 kgf, abrasion wheel: abrasive paper (S-42), rotation number: 500 rotations, rotation speed: 60 (rpm), and the amount of wear was measured.

[0041] <Materials used> [Long fiber reinforced resin foam] Low-density body (1): Long glass fiber reinforced urethane foam, density 0.74 g / cm 3 In the above abrasion test, the abrasion amount on the surface parallel to the long fibers (straight grain) was 0.64 cm 3 . High-density body (1): Long glass fiber reinforced urethane foam, density 1.00 g / cm 3 In the above abrasion test, the abrasion amount on the surface parallel to the long fibers (straight grain) was 0.39 cm 3 . [Densified compact] Compacted compact (1): Compacted compact containing glass powder and hardened urethane resin, density 1.30 g / cm 3 The wear amount in the above wear test was 0.26 cm 3 .

[0042] [Resin molded body containing thermoplastic resin] Resin molding (1): Polyamide (nylon 6) resin molding, density 1.14 g / cm 3 . Resin molding (2): Polyacetal resin molding, density 1.41 g / cm 3 . Resin molding (3): Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene resin molding, density 0.94 g / cm 3 The wear amount in the above wear test was 0.03 cm 3 . Resin molding (4): Polyethylene resin molding, density 0.95g / cm 3 . Resin molded body (5): Polypropylene resin molded body, density 0.9 g / cm 3 . Resin molding (6): Polyethylene terephthalate resin molding, density 1.35 g / cm 3 . Resin molding (7): Polyvinyl chloride resin molding, density 1.41 g / cm 3 .

[0043] The sleepers were manufactured with the following configuration. In all examples, the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the X direction was uniform, and the length in the X direction was 240 mm. The sleepers in Examples 1 and 3 are made of a single member, while the sleepers in the other Examples are made by stacking a lower member and an upper member and integrating them with a fixing means.

[0044] Example 1 Cross section S1, Wa=240mm, Wb=200mm, H=150mm. Material: Low density body (1).

[0045] Example 2 Cross section S2, Wa=240mm, Wb=200mm, H=150mm, D=15mm. Material: Lower member = low density body (1), upper member = low density body (1). Fixing means: adhesive.

[0046] Example 3 Cross section S1, Wa=240mm, Wb=200mm, H=150mm. Material: High density body (1).

[0047] Example 4 Cross section S2, Wa=240mm, Wb=200mm, H=150mm, D=15mm. Material: Lower member = high-density body (1), upper member = high-density body (1). Fixing means: adhesive.

[0048] Example 5 Cross section S1, Wa=240mm, Wb=200mm, H=150mm, D=10mm. Material: Lower member = high density body (1), upper member = low density body (1). Fixing means: adhesive.

[0049] Example 6 Cross section S2, Wa=240mm, Wb=200mm, H=150mm, D=10mm. Material: Lower member = high density body (1), upper member = low density body (1). Fixing means: adhesive.

[0050] Example 7 Cross section S1, Wa=240mm, Wb=200mm, H=150mm, D=10mm. Material: Lower member = compacted body (1), upper member = low density body (1). Fixing means: adhesive.

[0051] Example 8 Cross section S2, Wa=240mm, Wb=200mm, H=150mm, D=10mm. Material: Lower member = compacted body (1), upper member = low density body (1). Fixing means: adhesive.

[0052] Example 9 Cross section S1, Wa=240mm, Wb=200mm, H=150mm, D=10mm. Material: Lower member = resin molded body (1), upper member = low density body (1). Fixing means: adhesive.

[0053] Example 10 Cross section S2, Wa=240mm, Wb=200mm, H=150mm, D=10mm. Material: Lower member = resin molded body (1), upper member = low density body (1). Fixing means: adhesive.

[0054] Example 11 Cross section S1, Wa=240mm, Wb=200mm, H=150mm, D=10mm. Material: Lower member = resin molded body (2), upper member = low density body (1). Fixing means: screws.

[0055] Example 12 Cross section S2, Wa=240mm, Wb=200mm, H=150mm, D=10mm. Material: Lower member = resin molded body (2), upper member = low density body (1). Fixing means: screws.

[0056] Example 13 Cross section S1, Wa=240mm, Wb=200mm, H=150mm, D=10mm. Material: Lower member = resin molded body (3), upper member = low density body (1). Fixing means: screws.

[0057] Example 14 Cross section S2, Wa=240mm, Wb=200mm, H=150mm, D=10mm. Material: Lower member = resin molded body (3), upper member = low density body (1). Fixing means: screws.

[0058] Example 15 Cross section S1, Wa=240mm, Wb=200mm, H=150mm, D=10mm. Material: Lower member = resin molded body (4), upper member = low density body (1). Fixing method: A combination of adhesive and screws.

[0059] Example 16 Cross section S2, Wa=240mm, Wb=200mm, H=150mm, D=10mm. Material: Lower member = resin molded body (4), upper member = low density body (1). Fixing method: A combination of adhesive and screws.

[0060] Example 17 Cross section S1, Wa=240mm, Wb=200mm, H=150mm, D=10mm. Material: Lower member = resin molded body (5), upper member = low density body (1). Fixing method: A combination of adhesive and screws.

[0061] Example 18 Cross section S2, Wa=240mm, Wb=200mm, H=150mm, D=10mm. Material: Lower member = resin molded body (5), upper member = low density body (1). Fixing method: A combination of adhesive and screws.

[0062] Example 19 Cross section S1, Wa=240mm, Wb=200mm, H=150mm, D=10mm. Material: Lower member = resin molded body (6), upper member = low density body (1). Fixing method: A combination of adhesive and screws.

[0063] Example 20 Cross section S2, Wa=240mm, Wb=200mm, H=150mm, D=10mm. Material: Lower member = resin molded body (6), upper member = low density body (1). Fixing method: A combination of adhesive and screws.

[0064] Example 21 Cross section S1, Wa=240mm, Wb=200mm, H=150mm, D=10mm. Material: Lower member = resin molded body (7), upper member = low density body (1). Fixing method: A combination of adhesive and screws.

[0065] Example 22 Cross section S2, Wa=240mm, Wb=200mm, H=150mm, D=10mm. Material: Lower member = resin molded body (7), upper member = low density body (1). Fixing method: A combination of adhesive and screws. [Explanation of symbols]

[0066] 100, 200, 300, 400 sleepers (railroad sleepers) Below 100a, 200a, 300a, 400a Above 100b, 200b, 300b, 400b 100c side view 110, 210, 310, 410 lower material 120, 220, 320, 420 upper material Sections 201 and 301 302 Protrusion 330, 340, 430 intermediate components Inclined sections 401 and 402

Claims

1. A railway sleeper placed on ballast, comprising: A part or all of the railway sleepers are made of a long-fiber reinforced resin foam, which is a foam containing a long-fiber reinforcement material and a cured resin, or wood, A railway sleeper in which, in at least a part of the longitudinal direction of the railway sleeper, there is an area A whose cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the longitudinal direction satisfies the following condition A, and the length of the area A in the longitudinal direction is 10% or more of the total length of the railway sleeper in the longitudinal direction. Condition A: In the cross-sectional shape, the width W perpendicular to the height direction is not uniform, the width W is maximum at the bottom of the railway sleeper, and the absolute value of the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​of the width W is 20 mm or more and 80 mm or less.

2. The density of the railway sleeper is 0.64 g / cm ３ 1.2g / cm or more ３ 2. Railway sleeper according to claim 1, wherein:

3. The railway sleeper in the region A has a density of 0.64 g / cm ３ 0.9g / cm or more ３ 2. The railway sleeper according to claim 1, wherein the long fiber reinforced resin foam has a viscosity of less than 1000 MPa.

4. The railway sleeper in the region A has a density of 0.9 g / cm ３ 1.2g / cm or more ３ 2. The railway sleeper according to claim 1, comprising the long fiber reinforced resin foam, wherein:

5. The lower surface of the railway sleeper in the region A has a density of 0.9 g / cm ３ 1.2g / cm or more ３ The long fiber reinforced resin foam is: The upper surface of the railway sleeper in the region A has a density of 0.64 g / cm ３ 0.9g / cm or more ３ 2. The railway sleeper according to claim 1, wherein the long fiber reinforced resin foam or wood has a thickness of less than 1 / 2 mm.

6. 2. The railway sleeper according to claim 1, wherein the lower surface of the railway sleeper in the region A is made of a compacted body containing a powdered reinforcing material and a cured resin.

7. 2. The railway sleeper according to claim 1, wherein the lower surface of the railway sleeper in the region A is made of a resin molded body containing a thermoplastic resin.

8. 8. The railway sleeper according to claim 7, wherein the thermoplastic resin is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyamide, polyacetal, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyvinyl chloride.

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