Closing body and closing method

Abstract

To provide a closing body capable of easily closing an opening part for work.SOLUTION: A closing panel 31 for closing an opening part for work and a frame 32 for holding the closing panel 31 are provided, and the frame 32 is provided with a bottom part 35 having a contact surface coming into contact with a concrete form, a wall part 37 extending from the bottom part 35 along a direction crossing the bottom part 35 and separating from the contact surface, and the wall part 37 has a second fixing hole 37b for fixing a reinforcing member (square timber 24, 25) of the concrete form.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a closure for a work opening provided in a concrete formwork, and a method for closing the work opening. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventionally, concrete forms are used when pouring concrete. The concrete form is constructed to include one or more concrete panels. The inside of the concrete form can be observed through a working opening provided in the concrete form.

[0003] Patent Document 1 discloses that when a work opening is no longer needed, the work opening is closed using a box-shaped closing body. The closing body is fixed to the back surface of the concrete panel so as to close the work opening by sandwiching the closing body between the concrete panel and a fixing member. For example, the fixing member is a steel pipe also known as a horizontal batten. The concrete panel is reinforced by fixing a reinforcing member to the back surface. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2020-117947 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] For example, general-purpose members, also known as battens, are used to reinforce concrete formwork. The standard dimensions of these general-purpose members can vary from construction site to construction site. If the standard dimensions of the general-purpose members are large, the gap between the concrete panel and the fixing member becomes large, which may result in insufficient fixing force of the closing body. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] A closing device for a work opening that solves the above problem is a closing device that closes a work opening formed in a concrete formwork, and comprises a closing panel that closes the work opening, and a frame that holds the closing panel, wherein the frame has a first part having a contact surface that contacts the concrete formwork, and a second part that extends from the first part in a direction that intersects with the first part and moves away from the contact surface, and the second part has a fixing means for fixing a reinforcing member that reinforces the concrete formwork.

[0007] A method of closing a work opening that solves the above-mentioned problem comprises a closing panel that closes a work opening formed in a concrete formwork, and a frame that holds the closing panel, the frame having a first part with a contact surface that contacts the concrete formwork, and a second part that extends from the first part along a direction that intersects with the first part and moves away from the contact surface, the second part having a fixing means for fixing a reinforcing member of the concrete formwork.The method of closing the work opening using a closing body includes the steps of fixing a member that is the same as the reinforcing member of the concrete formwork to the frame using the fixing means while it is in contact with the first part and the second part, and fixing the closing body by sandwiching the closing body between the concrete formwork and the fixing member while the closing panel is fitted into the work opening. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] According to the present invention, the access opening can be easily closed. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an outline of a concrete formwork and a closing body. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the closure. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the closure. [Figure 4]FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the closure with the reinforcing member fixed thereto. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing the closure with the reinforcing member fixed thereto. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a method for closing an access opening. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing an outline of the concrete formwork and the closing body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0010] An embodiment of a closing body for an access opening and a closing method for an access opening will be described. <Outline of concrete formwork> As shown in Figure 1, a concrete formwork 10 is constructed at a construction site or the like to form a concrete structure by pouring concrete. The concrete formwork 10 includes one or more formwork panels 20, one or more closures 30, and one or more fixing members 40. The space enclosed by the concrete formwork 10, or the space enclosed by the concrete formwork 10 and another structure, is a pouring space 11 where concrete is poured.

[0011] <Formwork panel> The formwork panel 20 has a concrete panel 21. The concrete panel 21 is, for example, a rectangular plywood panel made by overlapping multiple plywood panels, and a waterproof paint is applied to the surface 21a. A work opening 22 is formed in the concrete panel 21, penetrating it in a thickness direction Dt. The thickness direction Dt is, for example, included in the horizontal direction. The work opening 22 is, for example, a rectangular work window, but may also be a different polygonal shape, such as a circle or an ellipse. The work opening 22 is used when filling the pouring space 11 with concrete. The work opening 22 is used when observing the pouring space 11.

[0012] The formwork panel 20 includes one or more reinforcing members 23. Each reinforcing member 23 is fixed to the back surface 21b of the concrete panel 21. Each reinforcing member 23 is a general-purpose member that is widely used at construction sites. The reinforcing members 23 are, for example, square pieces of wood that meet a predetermined dimensional standard. The dimensional standard specifies at least the length of a first side of the end grain and the length of a second side of the end grain. In the concrete formwork 10, for example, a first square timber 24 that meets the first dimensional standard or a second square timber 25 that meets the second dimensional standard is used as the reinforcing member 23. The first square timber 24 and the second square timber 25 have different lengths of first and second sides, respectively.

[0013] The one or more reinforcing members 23 include one or more vertical reinforcing members 23a extending along a height direction Dh. The height direction Dh is, for example, included in the vertical direction. Each vertical reinforcing member 23a may extend across the entire concrete panel 21 in the height direction Dh, from the lower end to the upper end of the concrete panel 21, or may be divided into multiple portions along the way. The one or more reinforcing members 23 include one or more horizontal reinforcing members 23b extending along a width direction Dw. The width direction Dw is, for example, included in the horizontal direction.

[0014] <Occluded body> 2 to 5, the closing body 30 has a closing panel 31 that closes the work opening 22, and a frame 32 that holds the closing panel 31. The closing body 30 is configured to close the work opening 22 formed in the concrete formwork 10.

[0015] The closure panel 31 has a shape corresponding to the work opening 22. For example, if the work opening 22 is rectangular, the closure panel 31 may be a rectangle slightly smaller than the work opening 22 in both the height direction Dh and the width direction Dw. The closure panel 31 has the same thickness as the concrete panel 21, for example. However, the closure panel 31 may be thinner or thicker than the concrete panel 21.

[0016] The closure panel 31 is formed, for example, entirely from a transparent or translucent material. In other words, the closure panel 31 is a see-through portion configured to allow the entire panel to be seen through. However, the closure panel 31 may be configured, for example, by combining non-see-through parts with see-through parts. In other words, the closure panel 31 may include a see-through portion configured to allow at least a portion to be seen through.

[0017] The frame 32 is formed, for example, by combining channel steel members. The frame 32 has, for example, two vertical channel steel members 33 extending parallel to each other along the height direction Dh and two horizontal channel steel members 34 extending parallel to each other along the width direction Dw. Both ends of each horizontal channel steel member 34 in the width direction Dw are attached to the vertical channel steel members 33. The upper end of each vertical channel steel member 33 protrudes upward beyond the attachment portion between the horizontal channel steel member 34 arranged above and each vertical channel steel member 33. The lower end of each vertical channel steel member 33 protrudes downward beyond the attachment portion between the horizontal channel steel member 34 arranged below and each vertical channel steel member 33. In other words, the frame 32 is formed in an H-shape as a whole. The frame 32 has, for example, a rectangular frame opening 32a surrounded by the channel steel members 33, 34. The frame opening 32a may be a polygon other than a rectangle, or may be a circle or an ellipse.

[0018] Each channel steel member 33, 34 has a plate-shaped bottom portion 35, which serves as an example of a first portion and is disposed along the rear surface 21b of the concrete panel 21. The bottom portion 35 has a contact surface 35b that contacts the rear surface 21b of the concrete panel 21. The bottom portion 35 has a plurality of fixing holes 35a that penetrate the bottom portion 35 in the thickness direction and are aligned along the direction in which the bottom portion 35 extends. The bottom portion 35 has a plurality of fixing holes 35c that penetrate the bottom portion 35 in the thickness direction and are aligned along the direction in which the bottom portion 35 extends. When viewed from the thickness direction Dt, in each channel steel member 33, 34, the row of the fixing holes 35c is closer to the frame opening 32a than the row of the fixing holes 35a. In the frame 32, the fixing holes 35c are formed to surround the frame opening 32a.

[0019] Each channel steel member 33, 34 has plate-shaped wall portions 36, 37 extending from both edges extending along the longitudinal direction of the bottom portion 35 in a direction intersecting (more preferably perpendicular to) the bottom portion 35. In other words, the wall portions 36, 37 extend in a direction intersecting the bottom portion 35 and away from the contact surface 35b (hereinafter referred to as the extension direction). The wall portions 36, 37 are an example of a second portion. The extension direction coincides with the thickness direction Dt, for example.

[0020] The walls 36, 37 are arranged facing each other and parallel to each other. The length of the walls 36, 37 along the extension direction is shorter than the first sides of the butt ends of the first square timber 24 and the second square timber 25. The length between the walls 36 and 37 is longer than the second sides of the butt ends of the first square timber 24 and the second square timber 25. In other words, each channel steel member 33, 34 is configured to accommodate the first square timber 24 and the second square timber 25. The first side is, for example, the long side. The second side is, for example, the short side. Each horizontal channel steel member 34 is fixed to the wall portion 36 of each vertical channel steel member 33 so as to connect the two vertical channel steel members 33 in the width direction Dw.

[0021] A plurality of first fixing holes 37a are formed in the outer wall portion 37 so as to penetrate through the wall in the thickness direction. Each first fixing hole 37a is, for example, an elongated hole extending along the thickness direction Dt. When viewed from the thickness direction Dt, one fixing hole 35a and one first fixing hole 37a are aligned along the direction in which the walls 36, 37 face each other. A plurality of second fixing holes 37b are formed in the outer wall portion 37 so as to penetrate through the wall in the thickness direction. Each second fixing hole 37b is, for example, a circular hole. The plurality of second fixing holes 37b are an example of fixing means for fixing reinforcing members 23 (square bars 24, 25) that reinforce the concrete formwork 10.

[0022] The frame opening 32a has a shape corresponding to the closure panel 31. For example, if the work opening 22 and the closure panel 31 are rectangular, the frame opening 32a is rectangular and slightly smaller than the closure panel 31 in both the height direction Dh and the width direction Dw. The closure panel 31 is fixed to the contact surfaces 35b of the channel steel members 33, 34 so as to cover the frame opening 32a. The closure panel 31 is detachably fixed to the frame 32, for example, by inserting screws (not shown) through fixing holes 35c formed in the bottom 35 into screw holes (not shown) formed in the closure panel 31. However, the closure panel 31 may be fixed using screws or an adhesive, or may be fixed non-detachably. A waterproof tape 31c is attached to the entire peripheral edge of the closure panel 31. In this case, the waterproof tape 31c may be attached to the peripheral edge of the closure panel 31 so as to straddle the surface 31a and end face 31b of the closure panel 31 and the contact surface 35b.

[0023] <Fixing material> The fixing members 40 are, for example, steel pipes extending along the width direction Dw. The fixing members 40 and the formwork panels 20 are fixed to each other by fastening them using formwork clamping fittings 41. By integrating the fixing members 40 and the formwork panels 20, strength sufficient to withstand the lateral pressure of the concrete poured into the pouring space 11 is ensured. The fixing members 40 and the tips of the multiple reinforcing members 23 abut against each other.

[0024] <How to close the work opening> A method for closing the access opening 22 will now be described. Here, it is assumed that a first square timber 24 is used as the reinforcing member 23. The first square timber 24 is arranged so that the long side of the butt end extends along the thickness direction Dt. If a second square timber 25 is used as the reinforcing member 23, the first square timber 24 can be read as the second square timber 25 in the closing method described below. The first square timber 24 is assumed to be cut in advance to the same length as each of the channel steel members 33, 34 that make up the frame 32.

[0025] As shown in FIG. 6, in step S1, the first beam 24 is fixed to the blocking body 30. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 , for example, first beams 24 are fixed to the channel steel members 33, 34 that make up the frame 32. Fixing devices 38, such as nails and screws, are used to fix each first beam 24. The first beam 24 is positioned such that its short and long sides contact the bottom 35 and the outer wall 37, respectively. The fixing devices 38 are driven into the first beam 24 while being inserted through the second fixing holes 37b. In this way, the beams 24, 25, which are also used as reinforcing members 23 of the concrete formwork 10, are fixed to the frame 32 using the second fixing holes 37b while in contact with the bottom 35 and the wall 37.

[0026] As shown in FIG. 6 , in step S2, the blocking body 30 is temporarily fixed to the back surface 21b of the concrete panel 21. Fixing devices 39, such as nails and screws, are used to temporarily fix the blocking body 30. The fixing devices 39 are inserted through the first fixing holes 37a and then the fixing holes 35a, and then driven into the concrete panel 21 through the first beam 24. At this time, the blocking panel 31 is fitted into the work opening 22.

[0027] In step S3, the closing body 30 is fixed to the concrete formwork 10 using the fixing member 40. 7, two fixing members 40a are arranged above and below the frame opening 32a so as to span the two vertical channel steel members 33 in the width direction Dw. Two fixing members 40b are arranged on each of the left and right sides of the frame opening 32a so as to span the two fixing members 40a extending along the width direction Dw in the height direction Dh.

[0028] Next, fastening members (not shown) are used to fasten the two fixing members 40b to the fixing member 40 fixed to the form panel 20. That is, in step S3, with the closure panel 31 fitted into the work opening 22, the closure body 30 is fixed by sandwiching it between the concrete formwork 10 and the fixing members 40. This completes the closure of the work opening 22.

[0029] <Operation of this embodiment> The operation of the embodiment will be described. Each channel steel member 33, 34 is configured to accommodate either of the square members 24, 25 that can be used as the reinforcing member 23. Therefore, of the square members 24, 25, any square member that is also used as the reinforcing member 23 of the concrete panel 21 can be fixed to the closing body 30. The closing body 30 and the reinforcing member 23 are both fixed to the same surface (e.g., the back surface 21b) of the concrete panel 21. Therefore, when the closing body 30 is fixed to the concrete formwork 10, the square member fixed to the closing body 30 protrudes in the extension direction beyond the reinforcing member 23 by an amount corresponding to the thickness of the bottom 35. Therefore, regardless of whether the square member 24, 25 is used as the reinforcing member 23, the fixing force of the fixing members 40a, 40b for the closing body 30 can be ensured.

[0030] When the closure body 30 is fixed to the concrete formwork 10, the surface 31a of the closure panel 31 is flush with the surface 21a of the concrete panel 21. Therefore, the appearance of the concrete structure can be maintained in good condition after the concrete formwork 10 is removed.

[0031] <Effects of this embodiment> The effects of the embodiment will be described. (1) The closing body 30 is configured so that the square timbers 24, 25, which can also be used as the reinforcing member 23, can be fixed to the wall portion 37. When the closing panel 31 closes the work opening 22 and the contact surface 35b and the concrete formwork 10 are in contact with each other, the square timbers 24, 25 fixed to the frame 32 protrude in the extension direction of the wall portion 37 beyond the reinforcing member 23. This ensures that the fixing member 40b can securely fix the closing body 30. Therefore, the work opening 22 can be easily closed regardless of whether the square timbers 24, 25 are used as the reinforcing member 23.

[0032] (2) The closure panel 31 includes a see-through portion configured to allow at least a portion of the closure panel 31 to be seen through. Therefore, even after the closure panel 30 is fixed, the pouring space 11 can be observed through the work opening 22.

[0033] (3) The frame 32 is formed by combining the channel steel members 33 and 34. Therefore, the rigidity of the blocking body 30 can be increased. (4) The second fixing holes 37b are provided in the wall portion 37. Therefore, the square timbers 24, 25 can be fixed using fixing tools 38 such as nails and screws that are widely used at construction sites.

[0034] (5) The thickness of the concrete panel 21 is the same as the thickness of the closure panel 31. Therefore, the appearance of the concrete structure can be maintained in good condition after the concrete formwork 10 is removed.

[0035] (6) Waterproof tape 31c is attached to the peripheral edge of the closure panel 31. This further reduces the gap between the closure panel 31 and the work opening 22, preventing pre-hardened concrete and water in the concrete from leaking out through the gap. This further improves the appearance of the concrete structure.

[0036] (7) The closure panel 31 is configured to be detachable from the frame 32. Therefore, if the closure panel 31 is damaged or its transparency is reduced, it can be easily replaced.

[0037] This embodiment can be modified as follows: This embodiment and the following modifications can be combined and implemented within the scope of technical compatibility. The frame 32 is not limited to being formed in an H-shape as a whole. For example, the upper end of each vertical channel steel member 33 does not have to protrude above the attachment portion between the horizontal channel steel member 34 arranged above and each vertical channel steel member 33. Additionally or alternatively, the lower end of each vertical channel steel member 33 does not have to protrude below the attachment portion between the horizontal channel steel member 34 arranged below and each vertical channel steel member 33. In this way, the frame 32 may be formed in a U-shape, an inverted U-shape, a square-shape, or an O-shape as a whole.

[0038] The frame 32 may be formed by combining angle steel members in which either the wall portion 36 or 37 is omitted from some or all of the channel steel members 33 and 34. The frame 32 may be formed by combining T-shaped steel members in which the wall portion 37 is positioned at the center of the short side of the bottom portion 35.

[0039] The second fixing hole 37b may be formed in the wall portion 36 in addition to or instead of the wall portion 37. The fixing holes 35a and 37a may be omitted. The general-purpose member usable as the reinforcing member 23 may be a member different from the beams 24 and 25. For example, the general-purpose member may be a steel pipe. [Explanation of symbols]

[0040] Dh...height direction, Dt...thickness direction, Dw...width direction, S1 to S3...step, 10...concrete formwork, 11...casting space, 20...formwork panel, 21...concrete panel, 21a...surface, 21b...back side, 22...work opening, 23...reinforcing member, 23a...vertical reinforcing member, 23b...horizontal reinforcing member, 24...first square member, 25...second square member, 30...closure body, 31...closure panel, 31 a...surface, 31b...end face, 31c...waterproof tape, 32...frame, 32a...frame opening, 33...vertical channel steel, 34...horizontal channel steel, 35...bottom, 35b...contact surface, 35a...fixing hole, 36...wall portion, 37...wall portion, 37a...first fixing hole, 37b...second fixing hole, 38...fixing device, 39...fixing device, 40...fixing member, 40a...fixing member, 40b...fixing member, 41...formwork fastening fitting.

Claims

1. A closing body for closing a work opening formed in a concrete formwork, A closing panel that closes the work opening; a frame for holding the closure panel; The frame has a first portion having a contact surface that contacts the concrete formwork, and a second portion extending from the first portion along a direction that intersects the first portion and is away from the contact surface, The second part has a fixing means for fixing a reinforcing member of the concrete formwork.

2. 10. The closure of claim 1, wherein the closure panel includes a see-through portion configured to allow at least a portion of the closure panel to be seen through.

3. 3. A blocking body as described in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the frame is a channel steel member, the first portion is a bottom portion of the channel steel member, and the second portion is a wall portion of the channel steel member.

4. 4. The closure according to claim 3, wherein the fixing means is a fixing hole formed in the wall portion.

5. A method for closing an access opening using a closing body, comprising: a closing panel for closing an access opening formed in a concrete formwork; and a frame for holding the closing panel, wherein the frame has a first portion having a contact surface that contacts the concrete formwork, and a second portion extending from the first portion along a direction that intersects with the first portion and is away from the contact surface, and the second portion has fixing means for fixing a reinforcing member of the concrete formwork, a step of fixing a reinforcement member of the concrete formwork to the frame using the fixing means while the reinforcement member is in contact with the first portion and the second portion; A closing method comprising the step of fixing the closing body by sandwiching the closing body between the concrete formwork and a fixing member while the closing panel is fitted into the work opening.

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