Solar cell and method of manufacturing the same, photovoltaic module and power consumption device

Abstract

The present application relates to a solar cell and a manufacturing method thereof, a photovoltaic module, and a power consumption device. The solar cell includes a plurality of subcells electrically connected to each other, a dead zone between two adjacent subcells, a reflector provided on at least a part of the surface of the dead zone for reflecting incident light irradiated onto the dead zone, and a packaging module provided on the side of the reflector away from the dead zone for reflecting the incident light reflected by the reflector to the surface of the subcell and converting the incident light into electrical energy. According to the solar cell of the embodiment of the present application, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell can be effectively increased.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] [CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202111603126.4, entitled "Solar Cell and Its Manufacturing Method, Photovoltaic Module and Power Consumption Device," filed on December 24, 2021, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] The present application relates to the technical field of battery production, in particular to solar cells and methods for their manufacture, photovoltaic modules and power consuming devices. [Background technology]

[0003] Solar cells are photoelectric conversion devices that directly convert light energy into electrical energy. They have excellent photoelectric properties and are simple to manufacture, bringing new space and hope to photovoltaic power generation.

[0004] During the production process of solar cells, how to further increase the photoelectric conversion efficiency has become an issue that needs to be resolved as soon as possible. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present application provides a solar cell and a method for manufacturing the same, a photovoltaic module and a power consuming device, and aims to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a solar cell, the solar cell including a plurality of electrically connected subcells, a dead zone between two adjacent subcells, a reflector provided on at least a portion of the surface of the dead zone for reflecting incident light irradiated onto the dead zone, and a packaging module provided on a side of the reflector away from the dead zone for reflecting the incident light reflected by the reflector to a surface of the subcells to convert the incident light into electrical energy.

[0007] In the above technical solution, by providing a reflective portion on at least a portion of the surface of the dead zone, incident light irradiated to the dead zone is reflected to the packaging module by the reflective action of the reflective portion, and the packaging module further reflects the incident light to the surface of the subcell, so that the subcell can use this portion of light to perform photoelectric conversion, further improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0008] In some embodiments, the reflector covers all surfaces of the dead zone facing the packaging module. In the embodiments of the present application, the reflector covers all surfaces of the dead zone facing the packaging module, so that the incident light irradiated to the dead zone can be reflected by the reflector, and the incident light irradiated to the dead zone can be fully utilized, and the light utilization rate of the solar cell can be further improved.

[0009] In some embodiments, the reflector has an arc-shaped convex surface protruding away from the dead zone, in the embodiments of the present application, the arc-shaped convex surface can increase the light divergence rate, and can reflect the incident light along a different reflection path to the packaging module, and reduce the amount of the incident light reflected back to the dead zone after being reflected by the packaging module.

[0010] In some embodiments, the subcell includes two ends opposite to each other, the dead zone includes a main body portion and a recessed portion, the main body portion connects the ends of the two adjacent subcells, the recessed portion is recessed relative to the main body portion, and the reflective portion is provided in the main body portion and / or the recessed portion. In the embodiments of the present application, the reflective portion is provided in the main body portion and / or the recessed portion, thereby effectively reflecting incident light irradiated to the dead zone.

[0011] In some embodiments, the reflective portion includes a body portion and an extension portion, the body portion is disposed in the recessed portion, and the extension portion protrudes from the surface of the main portion facing the packaging module. In the embodiments of the present application, the body portion is disposed in the recessed portion to prevent external water vapor and oxygen from entering the subcell, and the extension portion protrudes from the main portion to increase the area for receiving incident light and improve the light utilization rate.

[0012] In some embodiments, the extension is located on a surface of the main body facing the packaging module, which can further increase the area capable of reflecting incident light, thereby further improving the light utilization rate.

[0013] In some embodiments, the main body includes a photoelectric conversion module including a first electrode layer, a first photoelectric portion located on a surface of the first electrode layer, and a second photoelectric portion connecting the first photoelectric portion and the first electrode layer, and a second electrode layer including a first electrode portion located on a surface of the first photoelectric portion facing away from the first electrode layer, and a second electrode portion connecting the first electrode portion and the first electrode layer, and the recess portion penetrates at least the first electrode portion. The manufacturing process of such a structure is simple and the cost is low.

[0014] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module includes a photovoltaic layer located between at least the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, the photovoltaic module further includes an electron transport layer located between the photovoltaic layer and the second electrode layer, and / or the photovoltaic module further includes a hole transport layer located between the photovoltaic layer and the first electrode layer. In the embodiments of the present application, the electron transport layer and / or the hole transport layer can be provided to reduce the recombination of holes and electrons, thereby improving the photovoltaic conversion efficiency.

[0015] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a photovoltaic module including a solar cell according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present application.

[0016] In a third aspect, embodiments of the present application further provide a power consuming device including a photovoltaic module according to embodiments of the second aspect of the present application.

[0017] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a method for manufacturing a solar cell, the method including: providing a plurality of subcells electrically connected to each other, the plurality of subcells having a dead zone between two adjacent subcells; providing a reflector disposed on a surface of at least a portion of the dead zone; and providing a packaging module disposed on a side of the reflector away from the dead zone.

[0018] In a solar cell manufactured by the manufacturing method of the embodiment of the present application, by providing a reflective portion and a packaging module, incident light irradiated to the dead zone can be reflected and then irradiated to the subcell, allowing the subcell to perform photoelectric conversion using the light from this portion, further increasing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0019] In some embodiments, providing a reflector on at least a portion of the surface of the dead zone includes applying the reflector to at least a portion of the surface of the dead zone by means of filling or spray coating, which is a relatively simple manufacturing method. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0020] In order to more clearly describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that need to be used in the embodiments of the present application are briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can obtain further drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts. [Figure 1] 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a vehicle provided according to some embodiments of the present application. [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in accordance with some embodiments of the present application. [Diagram 3] 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a solar cell provided in accordance with some embodiments of the present application; [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the structure of a dead zone of the solar cell shown in FIG. 3. [Diagram 5] 4 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the structure of a dead zone and a reflecting portion of the solar cell shown in FIG. 3. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a solar cell provided by another embodiment of the present application. [Figure 7] 7 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the structure of a dead zone and a reflecting portion of the solar cell shown in FIG. 6. [Figure 8] 7 is another enlarged schematic diagram of the structure of the dead zone and the reflective portion of the solar cell shown in FIG. 6. [Figure 9] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a solar cell provided according to yet another embodiment of the present application. [Figure 10] 10 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the structure of a dead zone and a reflecting portion of the solar cell shown in FIG. 9. [Figure 11] FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a method for manufacturing a solar cell provided by some embodiments of the present application. [Figure 12] FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of a method for manufacturing a solar cell provided by another embodiment of the present application.

[0021] In the drawing section, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0022] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application are described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present application. It is clear that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and are not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts are all within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0023] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art. The terms used in this application are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application. The terms "include", "have" and any variations thereof in this application's specification, claims and drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive "include". The terms "first", "second", etc. in this application's specification, claims and drawings are intended to distinguish different objects and are not intended to describe a specific order or a main-subordinate relationship.

[0024] When referring to an "embodiment" in this application, it means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment, nor are they mutually exclusive independent or alternative embodiments of other embodiments.

[0025] In the description of this application, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "attach," "connect," "join," and "couple" should be understood in a broad sense, and may refer to, for example, a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection, a direct connection, an indirect connection via an intermediate medium, or internal communication between two elements. A person skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application according to the specific circumstances.

[0026] The term "and / or" in this application merely describes the relationship between related objects and indicates that three relationships may exist, for example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A alone, A and B in combination, and B alone. Also, the character " / " in this application generally indicates that the related objects before and after it are in an "or" relationship.

[0027] In the embodiments of the present application, the same reference numerals represent the same elements, and for the sake of brevity, detailed descriptions of the same elements in different embodiments will be omitted. It should be understood that the dimensions of each element in the embodiments of the present application, such as thickness, length, width, etc., and the overall dimensions of the integrated device, such as thickness, length, width, etc., shown in the drawings, are merely exemplary and do not impose any limitations on the present application.

[0028] As used herein, "plurality" means two or more (including two).

[0029] In the embodiment of the present application, the solar cell is a photovoltaic device that converts light energy directly into electrical energy based on the photovoltaic effect. Different materials are used in the photovoltaic device, and a built-in electric field is formed inside the photovoltaic device due to the difference in the quasi-Fermi levels of the different materials. Under light irradiation, photons with high energy are absorbed and photogenerated carriers (electron-hole pairs) are excited. Since the types of charges are different, the electrons and holes drift in opposite directions due to the action of the built-in electric field, and the electrons move to the negative electrode and the holes move to the positive electrode, forming a potential difference between the positive and negative electrodes and generating a current.

[0030] For large-area solar cells, multiple subcells are obtained by scribing to obtain the required voltage and current output. For example, the first scribing, the second scribing, and the third scribing are performed by laser or mechanical scribing to achieve the division and electrical connection (e.g., series connection) of the solar cell. The scribing process flow is as follows: A first electrode layer is formed on a substrate; A first openwork portion is scribed to complete the division of each subcell; A photovoltaic conversion module is formed on the side of the first electrode layer that is separated from the substrate, and a second openwork portion is scribed to complete the scribing of the serially connected channels between each subcell; A second electrode layer is formed on the side of the photovoltaic conversion module that is separated from the substrate, and a third openwork portion is scribed to complete the division of the second electrode layer.

[0031] The solar cell includes a number of subcells and a number of dead zones. The dead zone is provided between two subcells, i.e., in the region between the first openwork portion and the third openwork portion, and includes a first electrode layer, a photoelectric conversion module, and a second electrode layer located in this region. The subcell includes an active region, which refers to the region that can effectively utilize light to perform photoelectric conversion, such as the region where each subcell can perform photoelectric conversion. The dead zone cannot utilize light, which leads to light waste.

[0032] In the field of solar cells, photoelectric conversion efficiency is used to evaluate the performance of solar cells; the higher the photoelectric conversion efficiency, the better the performance of the solar cell. The smaller the dead zone, the smaller the area where light cannot be used, and the higher the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0033] In order to increase the photoelectric conversion efficiency, the inventors considered a method of reducing the area of ​​the dead zone to reduce the loss of light in the dead zone. However, due to process limitations, they found that the area of ​​the dead zone cannot be reduced infinitely, the area of ​​the dead zone cannot be significantly reduced, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency cannot be significantly improved.

[0034] Based on the above problem found by the inventor, the inventor has proposed a technical solution in which a reflector is provided on at least a part of the surface of the dead zone to reflect the incident light irradiated to the dead zone, and a packaging module is provided on the side of the reflector away from the dead zone to reflect the incident light reflected by the reflector to the surface of the subcell. By providing the reflector and the packaging module, the incident light irradiated to the dead zone can be reflected and then irradiated to the subcell, thereby converting the incident light into electrical energy. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of a solar cell having such a structure can be significantly improved, and its reliability and stability are significantly improved.

[0035] The technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present application are applied to photovoltaic modules including solar cells and power consuming devices using the photovoltaic modules.

[0036] The power consuming device may be a vehicle, a mobile phone, a portable device, a laptop computer, a ship, a spacecraft, an electric toy, a power tool, etc. The vehicle may be a gasoline-powered automobile, a gas-powered automobile, or a new energy automobile, the spacecraft may include an airplane, a rocket, a space shuttle, a spaceship, etc., the electric toy may include a game console, an electric car toy, an electric propulsion ship toy, an electric plane toy, or other stationary or mobile electric toy, and the power tool may include an electric drill, an electric grinder, an electric wrench, an electric screwdriver, an electric hammer, an electric impact drill, a metal cutting power tool such as a concrete vibrator, an electric planer, an abrasive power tool, a mounting power tool, and a railroad power tool. In the embodiments of the present application, the power consuming device is not particularly limited.

[0037] In the following embodiments, for ease of explanation, a case will be described in which the power consuming device is a vehicle.

[0038] 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application. As shown in FIG. 1, a photovoltaic module 2 is provided inside the vehicle 1, and the photovoltaic module 2 may be provided on the top, front, or rear of the vehicle 1. The photovoltaic module 2 can be used to power the vehicle 1, for example, the photovoltaic module 2 can be the operating power source of the vehicle 1.

[0039] The vehicle 1 may further include a controller 3 and a motor 4, where the controller 3 is used to control the photovoltaic module 2 to power the motor 4, for example to meet the operating power needs of the vehicle 1 for starting, navigation and driving.

[0040] 2 is a schematic block diagram of a photovoltaic module provided by some embodiments of the present application. As shown in FIG. 2, the photovoltaic module 2 includes a solar cell 5. The solar cell 5 may be one or more. When the solar cell 5 is multiple, the multiple solar cells 5 may be connected in series, in parallel, or in series-parallel, and the series-parallel connection means that the multiple solar cells 5 include both series and parallel connections, and can provide high voltage and capacity.

[0041] FIG. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a solar cell provided in some embodiments of the present application, FIG. 4 is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of a dead zone of the solar cell shown in FIG. 3, and FIG. 5 is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of the dead zone and reflective portion of the solar cell shown in FIG. 3.

[0042] As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, the solar cell 5 provided by the embodiment of the present application includes a plurality of subcells 6, a dead zone 7, a reflector 54, and a packaging module 55. The subcells 6 are electrically connected to each other. The dead zone 7 is provided between two adjacent subcells 6. The reflector 54 is provided on at least a part of the surface of the dead zone 7 and is used to reflect incident light irradiated onto the dead zone 7. The packaging module 55 is provided on the side of the reflector 54 away from the dead zone 7 and is used to reflect the incident light reflected by the reflector 54 to the surface of the subcells 6 to convert the incident light into electrical energy.

[0043] The solar cell 5 includes a plurality of subcells 6, and the subcells 6 may be connected in series, in parallel, or in series-parallel, and the series-parallel connection means that the subcells 6 are connected in series or in parallel. By providing a plurality of subcells 6 in the solar cell 5, the performance of the solar cell 5, such as the voltage and capacity, can be improved.

[0044] In the process of fabricating the subcells 6 in the solar cell 5, a dead zone 7 is formed. The dead zone 7 includes two surfaces facing each other in the thickness direction X of the solar cell 5, one of which faces toward the packaging module 55 and the other of which faces away from the packaging module 55. The region indicated by the reference symbol 7 in FIG. 3 represents the dead zone, and X represents the thickness direction.

[0045] The reflecting part 54 refers to a member having a reflecting property, in other words, when an external light beam is incident on the reflecting part 54, the reflecting part 54 can reflect the incident light. In order to avoid the occurrence of a short circuit between two adjacent subcells 6, the reflecting part 54 must also have an insulating property, thereby isolating the two adjacent subcells 6. Specifically, the reflecting part 54 may be manufactured by applying a reflective layer to the surface of an insulating member, or may be manufactured by directly adopting a reflective material having an insulating property. Exemplarily, the reflective layer and the reflective material may be manufactured by at least one of a reflective powder, titanium dioxide, glass microsphere powder, and an insulated reflective wire.

[0046] The reflector 54 is provided on at least a portion of the surface of the dead zone 7, and the reflector 54 may be provided on a portion of the surface of the dead zone 7 facing the packaging module 55, or the reflector 54 may be provided on all of the surfaces of the dead zone 7 facing the packaging module 55.

[0047] The packaging module 55 is used to package the subcells 6 to form a finished product. The packaging module 55 has a certain reflecting performance, and when the reflecting part 54 reflects the incident light to the packaging module 55, the packaging module 55 continues to reflect the incident light and reflects a part of the incident light to the surface of the subcell 6, so that the subcell 6 can continue to utilize this part of the light, and the light utilization rate of the solar cell 5 is improved.

[0048] In some embodiments, the packaging module 55 may include an adhesive film 551 and a cover plate 552, and the adhesive film 551 has adhesive properties and can adhere the photoelectric conversion module of the subcell 6 to the cover plate 552. At least one of the adhesive film 551 and the cover plate 552 has reflective properties and can reflect light rays and improve light utilization. Exemplarily, the adhesive film 551 may be an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) adhesive film. The cover plate 552 may be a glass cover plate or the like. Optionally, the packaging module 55 may further include other members such as a seal member.

[0049] In an embodiment of the present application, a reflective portion 54 is provided on at least a portion of the surface of the dead zone 7, and the incident light irradiated to the dead zone 7 is reflected to the packaging module 55 by the reflective action of the reflective portion 54. The packaging module 55 further reflects a portion of the incident light to the surface of the subcell 6, so that the subcell 6 can use this portion of light to perform photoelectric conversion, further improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 5.

[0050] In some embodiments, the reflector 54 covers all surfaces of the dead zone 7 facing the packaging module 55, and the incident light irradiated to the dead zone 7 can be reflected by the reflector 54, so that the incident light irradiated to the dead zone 7 can be fully utilized, and further improve the light utilization rate of the solar cell 5.

[0051] The surface of the reflector 54 facing the packaging module 55 may be flat or curved, depending on the specific process requirements, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.

[0052] Continuing to refer to Figures 3 to 5, in some embodiments, the reflective portion 54 has an arc-shaped convex surface 541 that protrudes away from the dead zone 7, and the arc-shaped convex surface 541 can increase the light divergence rate, and can reduce the amount of incident light that is reflected back to the dead zone 7 after being reflected by the packaging module 55 by reflecting the incident light along different reflection paths to the packaging module 55.

[0053] 3 to 5 , in some embodiments, the subcell 6 includes two opposing ends 61. The dead zone 7 includes a main body portion 71 and a recessed portion 72, the main body portion 71 connects the ends 61 of two adjacent subcells 6, the recessed portion 72 is recessed relative to the main body portion 71, and the reflective portion 54 is provided in the main body portion 71 and / or the recessed portion 72, and can effectively reflect incident light irradiated to the dead zone 7.

[0054] The two ends 61 of the subcell 6 shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 are provided opposite to each other along the first direction Y. Exemplarily, the subcells 6 include at least a first subcell and a second subcell. The main body portion 71 of the dead zone 7 connects an end of the first subcell to an end of the second subcell. The recessed portion 72 of the dead zone 7 is formed recessed toward the substrate 50 with respect to the main body portion 71, and the recessed portion 72 is provided close to the end of the second subcell. The Y direction shown in FIG. 3 represents a first direction, and the first direction Y is perpendicular to the thickness direction X.

[0055] In some examples, the reflective portion 54 may be provided within the recessed portion 72 .

[0056] Due to the presence of the recess in the dead zone, external water vapor and oxygen can oxidize and corrode the subcell through the dead zone, especially through the recess, which deteriorates the performance of the solar cell and reduces its reliability and stability. In contrast, in the embodiment of the present application, the recess 72 is provided with a reflecting portion 54, which has a certain blocking effect and can reduce the risk of external water vapor and oxygen penetrating into the subcell 6 through the recess 72 to a certain extent, thereby improving the reliability and stability of the solar cell 5. In addition, the external incident light can be reflected by the reflecting portion 54 located in the recess 72 and further reflected to the subcell 6 by the packaging module 55, thereby improving the light utilization rate and the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0057] In another example, a reflecting portion 54 may be provided on the surface of the main body 71 of the dead zone 7 facing the packaging module 55, to reflect incident light irradiated to this portion and increase the light utilization rate.

[0058] In yet another example, a reflective portion 54 is provided within the recessed portion 72, and also on the surface of the main body portion 71 of the dead zone 7 facing the packaging module 55, which not only prevents external water vapor and oxygen from entering the subcell 6, but also increases the light utilization rate.

[0059] FIG. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of a solar cell provided according to another embodiment of the present application, and FIG. 7 is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of a dead zone and a reflective portion of the solar cell shown in FIG.

[0060] 6 and 7, optionally, the reflective portion 54 includes a body portion 542 and an extension portion 543, the body portion 542 is provided in the recessed portion 72, and the extension portion 543 protrudes from the surface of the main body portion 71 facing the packaging module 55. The body portion 542 can block external water vapor and oxygen from entering the subcell 6, and the extension portion 543 protrudes from the main body portion 71 to increase the light receiving area, thereby further improving the light utilization rate.

[0061] Continuing to refer to Figures 6 and 7, as some examples, the extension portion 543 may be a rectangular parallelepiped structure, etc., in which the surface facing the packaging module 55 of the rectangular parallelepiped structure and two surfaces facing each other along the first direction Y can all reflect incident light, and the number of surfaces reflecting the incident light is relatively large, thereby improving the light utilization rate.

[0062] FIG. 8 is another enlarged schematic diagram of the dead zone and the reflecting portion of the solar cell shown in FIG.

[0063] As another example, as shown in FIG. 8, the extension portion 543 may be an arc-shaped structure, which has an arc-shaped convex surface 541 protruding away from the dead zone 7, and the arc-shaped convex surface 541 can increase the light divergence rate, so that the incident light can be reflected to the packaging module along different reflection paths, and the amount of incident light reflected back to the dead zone after being reflected by the packaging module can be reduced.

[0064] FIG. 9 is a structural schematic diagram of a solar cell provided according to yet another embodiment of the present application, and FIG. 10 is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of a dead zone and a reflective portion of the solar cell shown in FIG.

[0065] 9 and 10, selectively, a portion of the extension 543 is located on the surface of the main body 71 facing the packaging module 55. A portion of the extension 543 is located on the surface of the body 542 facing the packaging module 55, and another portion is located on the surface of the main body 71 facing the packaging module 55, so that the light receiving area is further increased and the light utilization rate can be further improved.

[0066] Continuing to refer to FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, the solar cell 5 of the embodiment of the present application includes a first electrode layer 51, a photoelectric conversion module 52, and a second electrode layer 53, which are stacked in order along its thickness direction X. The polarities of the first electrode layer 51 and the second electrode layer 53 are opposite, and the first electrode layer 51 and the second electrode layer 53 are used to draw out a current. Exemplarily, the first electrode layer 51 is provided close to the substrate 50, and the second electrode layer 53 is provided on the side of the photoelectric conversion module 52 that is away from the substrate 50. The photoelectric conversion module 52 is used to convert the light energy of incident light into electrical energy. Also, electrons and holes are generated in the photoelectric conversion module 52, and the electrons and holes are transported to the electrode layers, respectively.

[0067] A specific manufacturing method will be described by taking as an example a case where a plurality of subcells 6 in a solar cell 5 are connected in series. This manufacturing method includes the steps of providing a substrate 50, forming a first electrode layer 51 on the substrate 50, and performing a first scribing process on the first electrode layer 51 to form a first openwork portion P1 penetrating the first electrode layer 51, on the first electrode layer 51, and forming a photoelectric conversion module 52 on the side of the first electrode layer 51 that is away from the substrate 50, and performing a second scribing process on the photoelectric conversion module 52. The method includes the steps of forming a plurality of second openwork portions P2 in the photoelectric conversion module 52 by performing scribing, and forming a second electrode layer 53 extending into the second openwork portion P2 on the side of the photoelectric conversion module 52 facing away from the substrate 50, and performing a third scribing on the second electrode layer 53 and the photoelectric conversion module 52 to form a plurality of third openwork portions P3 in the second electrode layer 53 and the photoelectric conversion module 52, thereby obtaining a plurality of subcells 6 connected in series.

[0068] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module 52 includes a photovoltaic layer 522, which may be a perovskite photovoltaic layer, a cadmium zinc telluride photovoltaic layer, a copper indium gallium selenide photovoltaic layer, a copper indium selenide photovoltaic layer, or a copper indium gallium sulfur photovoltaic layer.

[0069] In order to improve the electron transport efficiency, optionally, the photoelectric conversion module 52 can further include an electron transport layer 523, which is used to transport electrons and can block the transport of holes, and can reduce the combination of electrons and holes to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0070] In order to improve the hole transport efficiency, optionally, the photoelectric conversion module 52 can further include a hole transport layer 521, which is used to transport holes and can block the transport of electrons, and can reduce the combination of holes and electrons, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0071] The structure of the solar cell 5 will be specifically described below using as an example a case where the solar cell 5 is a perovskite solar cell. The perovskite solar cell may have a cis structure (nip) or a trans structure (pin).

[0072] The cis-structure perovskite solar cell includes a transparent conductive electrode, an electron transport layer, a perovskite photoelectric conversion layer, a hole transport layer, and a metal electrode, which are stacked in order along the thickness direction of the solar cell. For example, the transparent conductive electrode includes indium tin oxide ITO or fluorine-doped tin oxide FTO. The electron transport layer includes a titanium oxide layer, etc. The hole transport layer includes 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD), etc. The metal electrode includes a gold layer, a silver layer, or an aluminum layer.

[0073] The trans-structured perovskite solar cell includes a transparent conductive electrode, a hole transport layer, a perovskite photoelectric conversion layer, an electron transport layer, and a metal electrode, which are stacked in order along the thickness direction of the solar cell. Exemplarily, the transparent conductive electrode includes an indium tin oxide ITO layer or a fluorine-doped tin oxide FTO layer. The hole transport layer includes a PEDOT:PSS layer, where PEDOT represents a polymer of EDOT (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene monomer), and PSS represents polystyrene sulfonic acid. The electron transport layer includes a fullerene derivative ([6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester) layer or a C60 layer. The metal electrode includes a gold layer, a silver layer, or an aluminum layer. The manufacturing process of a solar cell with such a structure is relatively simple. Figures 9 and 10 show a trans-structured perovskite solar cell.

[0074] As an example of the production of a transformer-structure perovskite solar cell, the specific production process is as follows. A substrate is provided. A transparent conductive electrode is formed on the surface of the substrate by magnetron sputtering or chemical means. A first scribing is performed by employing means of laser scribing, masking or exposure to form a first openwork portion in the transparent conductive electrode that penetrates the plurality of transparent conductive electrodes. A hole transport layer is formed on the surface of the transparent conductive electrode that faces away from the substrate by means of magnetron sputtering, chemical vapor deposition, atomic layer deposition (ALD) or coating. A perovskite photoelectric conversion layer is formed on the surface of the hole transport layer opposite to the substrate by means of painting, spray coating, spin coating, vapor deposition or chemical deposition. An electron transport layer is formed on the surface of the perovskite photoelectric conversion layer that is opposite to the substrate by magnetron sputtering, chemical vapor deposition, atomic layer deposition (ALD) or coating. A second scribing is performed by employing a means of laser scribing, masking or exposure to light to form a plurality of second openwork portions of the hole transport layer, the perovskite photoelectric conversion layer and the electron transport layer in the hole transport layer, the perovskite photoelectric conversion layer and the electron transport layer. A metal electrode is formed on the surface of the electron transport layer opposite the substrate by means of magnetron sputtering, chemical vapor deposition, atomic layer deposition (ALD) or coating. A third scribing is performed by adopting means of laser scribing, masking or exposure to form a third openwork portion in the metal electrode, the hole transport layer, the perovskite photoelectric conversion layer and the electron transport layer.

[0075] Based on the above steps, the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal may be welded by conductive tape bonding, ultrasonic welding, laser welding or welding with a welding agent to form an external output electrode. Then, an adhesive film is formed on the surface of the metal electrode that is separated from the substrate by radiation, and a cover plate glass is provided on the side of the adhesive film that is separated from the substrate, and finally the whole is sent into a laminator or a pressure cooker for compression and packaging.

[0076] 9 and 10, in the embodiment of the present application, the first electrode layer 51, the photoelectric conversion module 52 and the second electrode layer 53 are partly located in the area of ​​the plurality of sub-cells 6, and another part is located in the dead zone 7. The dead zone 7 includes an area located from the first openwork portion P1 to the third openwork portion P3, and the third openwork portion P3 may be an openwork structure, in which a reflective portion 54 is provided.

[0077] In some embodiments, the photoelectric conversion module 52 located in the dead zone 7 includes a first photoelectric portion 711 and a second photoelectric portion 712, the first photoelectric portion 711 is located on a surface of the first electrode layer 51, and the second photoelectric portion 712 connects the first photoelectric portion 711 and the first electrode layer 51. The second electrode layer 53 located in the dead zone 7 includes a first electrode portion 713 and a second electrode portion 714, the first electrode portion 713 is located on a surface of the first photoelectric portion 711 that is away from the first electrode layer 51, the second electrode portion 714 connects the first electrode portion 713 and the first electrode layer 51 located in the dead zone 7, and the recessed portion 72 penetrates at least the first electrode portion 713. The second electrode portion 714 is connected to the first electrode layer 51 to realize a series connection between adjacent subcells 6. The manufacturing process of such a structure is simple and the cost is low. In the embodiment of the present application, the first electrode layer 51 , the photoelectric conversion module 52 and the second electrode layer 53 located in the dead zone 7 constitute a compositional part of the main body 71 of the dead zone 7 .

[0078] The second photoelectric portion 712 is located in the first openwork portion P1, the second electrode portion 714 is located in the second openwork portion P2, and the recessed portion 72 corresponds to the third openwork portion P3. By providing a reflective portion 54 on at least a part of the surface of the dead zone 7, the process window of the dead zone 7 can be expanded, which is convenient for large-scale and large-dimension production applications. For example, the requirements for the dimensions of at least one of the first openwork portion P1, the second openwork portion P2 and the third openwork portion P3 are reduced, the line width of the first openwork portion P1 is 5um to 100um, the line width of the second openwork portion P2 is 10um to 120um, the line width of the third openwork portion P3 is 5um to 100um, the adjacent margin from the first openwork portion P1 to the second openwork portion P2 is 10um to 200um, the adjacent margin from the second openwork portion P2 to the third openwork portion P3 is 10um to 200um, and the width of the dead zone 7 is 40um to 720um. The line width and pitch of each openwork portion can approach the upper limit value, which can greatly expand the process window and reduce the precision and cost of the processing equipment.

[0079] An embodiment of the present application further provides a method for manufacturing a solar cell.

[0080] FIG. 11 is a schematic flow diagram of a method for manufacturing a solar cell provided according to some embodiments of the present application. As shown in FIG. 11, the manufacturing method provided according to the embodiments of the present application includes steps S100 to S300.

[0081] In S100, a plurality of subcells are provided that are electrically connected, with a dead zone between any two adjacent subcells.

[0082] The specific scribing means for dividing and electrically connecting (eg, connecting in series) multiple subcells is as described in the above examples, and will not be described in detail here.

[0083] In S200, a reflector is provided on a surface of at least a portion of the dead zone.

[0084] In this step, a reflective portion is formed on the surface of at least a portion of the dead zone by means of filling, printing, spray coating, localized area curing or physical deposition.

[0085] In S300, a packaging module is provided, the packaging module being disposed on a side of the reflector away from the dead zone.

[0086] The manufacturing method of the embodiments of the present application can be used to manufacture the solar cells of the above embodiments, and in the solar cells manufactured by this manufacturing method, a reflective portion is provided on at least a portion of the surface of the dead zone, which can increase the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell and also increase the reliability and stability of the solar cell.

[0087] FIG. 12 is a schematic flow diagram of a method for manufacturing a solar cell according to another embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 12, in some embodiments, step S200 includes S210.

[0088] In S210, a reflector is applied to at least a part of the surface of the dead zone by filling or spray coating means, which is a simple manufacturing method and improves the light utilization rate of the manufactured solar cell.

[0089] Although the present application has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, various improvements can be made thereto without departing from the scope of the present application, and equivalents can be substituted for the components therein, and in particular, each technical feature mentioned in each embodiment can be combined in any manner unless there is a conflict in structure. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification, but includes all technical solutions within the scope of the claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0090] X thickness direction Y Primary Direction P1 First fretwork section P2 Second fretwork section P3 Third fretwork section 1 vehicle 2. Photovoltaic Module 3. Controller 4 Motor 5. Solar Cells 50 Substrates 51 First electrode layer 52 Photoelectric conversion module 521 Hole transport layer 522 Photoelectric conversion layer 523 Electron transport layer 53 Second electrode layer 54 Reflector 541 Arc-shaped convex surface 542 Main body 543 Extension part 55 Packaging Module 551 Adhesive film 552 Cover Plate 6 Subcells 61 End 7. The Dead Zone 71 Main body part 711 First photoelectric unit 712 Second photoelectric section 713 First electrode part 714 Second electrode part 72 Recess

Claims

1. a plurality of subcells electrically connected together; a dead zone between two adjacent subcells; a reflecting portion provided on at least a portion of a surface of the dead zone for reflecting incident light irradiated onto the dead zone; a packaging module provided on a side of the reflector away from the dead zone, for reflecting the incident light reflected by the reflector to a surface of the subcell and converting the incident light into electrical energy; A solar cell comprising:

2. The solar cell according to claim 1 , wherein the reflector covers all surfaces of the dead zone facing the packaging module.

3. The solar cell according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reflecting portion has an arc-shaped convex surface that protrudes away from the dead zone.

4. Each of the subcells includes two ends that are opposite to each other, The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the dead zone includes a main body portion and a recessed portion, the main body portion connects the ends of two adjacent subcells, the recessed portion is formed recessed relative to the main body portion, and the reflective portion is provided in the main body portion and / or the recessed portion.

5. The solar cell according to claim 4 , wherein the reflective portion includes a main body portion and an extension portion, the main body portion being provided in the recessed portion, and the extension portion protruding from a surface of the main body portion facing the packaging module.

6. The solar cell according to claim 5 , wherein the extension portion is located on a surface of the main body portion facing the packaging module.

7. The main body portion is A first electrode layer; a photoelectric conversion module including a first photoelectric unit located on a surface of the first electrode layer and a second photoelectric unit connecting the first photoelectric unit and the first electrode layer; 5. The solar cell according to claim 4, further comprising: a second electrode layer including a first electrode portion located on a surface of the first photoelectric portion facing away from the first electrode layer; and a second electrode portion connecting the first electrode portion and the first electrode layer, wherein the recess penetrates at least the first electrode portion.

8. the photovoltaic conversion module includes at least a photovoltaic conversion layer located between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, The photovoltaic conversion module further includes an electron transport layer located between the photovoltaic conversion layer and the second electrode layer; and / or The solar cell according to claim 7 , wherein the photovoltaic conversion module further comprises a hole transport layer located between the photovoltaic conversion layer and the first electrode layer.

9. A photovoltaic module comprising the solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. 10. A power consuming device comprising the photovoltaic module of claim 9.

11. providing a plurality of subcells electrically connected together, the plurality of subcells having dead zones between two adjacent subcells; providing a reflector provided on at least a portion of a surface of the dead zone; providing a packaging module provided on a side of the reflector away from the dead zone; A method for manufacturing a solar cell comprising the steps of:

12. Providing a reflector provided on a surface of at least a portion of the dead zone includes: The method of claim 11, further comprising applying the reflector to at least a portion of the surface of the dead zone by means of filling or spray coating.

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