Method and apparatus for high speed FSK communication in a wireless power transmission system

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a method of transferring wireless power to a wireless power receiver, performed by a wireless power transmitter in a wireless power transmission system, comprising: entering a power transfer phase related to transferring the wireless power; and transmitting an auxiliary data transport (ADT) packet to the wireless power receiver in the power transfer phase, wherein the wireless power transmitter transmits the ADT packet to the wireless power receiver based on Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), and a maximum size of the ADT packet is determined based on a number of cycles used in the FSK; and an apparatus using the same, characterized in that the method and an apparatus using the same.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] This specification relates to wireless power transmission. [Background technology]

[0002] A wireless power transmission technology is a technology that wirelessly transmits power between a power source and an electronic device. For example, the wireless power transmission technology allows a wireless terminal such as a smartphone or tablet to be charged by simply placing the wireless terminal on a wireless charging pad, thereby providing superior mobility, convenience, and safety compared to a wired charging environment that uses an existing wired charging connector. In addition to wireless charging of wireless terminals, the wireless power transmission technology is attracting attention as a replacement for the existing wired power transmission environment in various fields such as electric vehicles, various wearable devices such as Bluetooth earphones and 3D glasses, home appliances, furniture, underground facilities, buildings, medical devices, robots, and leisure.

[0003] The wireless power transmission method is also called a contactless power transmission method, a no point of contact power transmission method, or a wireless charging method. The wireless power transmission system may be composed of a wireless power transmitting device that supplies electric energy to the wireless power transmission method, and a wireless power receiving device that receives electric energy wirelessly from the wireless power transmitting device and supplies power to a power receiving device such as a battery cell.

[0004] There are various wireless power transmission technologies, such as a method of transmitting power through magnetic coupling, a method of transmitting power through radio frequency (RF), a method of transmitting power through microwave, and a method of transmitting power through ultrasonic waves. In addition, the methods based on magnetic coupling are classified into a magnetic induction method and a magnetic resonance method. The magnetic induction method transmits energy by using a current induced in a receiving coil by a magnetic field generated in a transmitting coil battery cell by electromagnetic coupling between a transmitting coil and a receiving coil. The magnetic resonance method is similar to the magnetic induction method in that it uses a magnetic field. However, the magnetic resonance method differs from magnetic induction in that resonance occurs when a specific resonant frequency is applied to the transmitting coil and the receiving coil, and energy is transmitted by the phenomenon of magnetic fields concentrating at both ends of the transmitting and receiving coils.

[0005] On the other hand, a method and apparatus are provided herein to increase the size of an ADT packet and to define a maximum size. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] According to the method and / or apparatus of the present specification, the wireless power transmitter transmits the ADT packet to the wireless power receiver based on FSK (Frequency Shift Keying), and the maximum size of the ADT packet can be determined based on the number of cycles used in the FSK.

[0007] According to this specification, the maximum ADT size can be increased, and the communication speed can be increased.

[0008] The effects obtained by the specific examples of the present specification are not limited to the effects listed above. For example, there may be various technical effects that a person having ordinary skill in the related art can understand or derive from the present specification. Thus, the specific effects of the present specification are not limited to those explicitly described in the present specification, but may include various effects that can be understood or derive from the technical features of the present specification. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a wireless power system 10 according to an embodiment. [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a wireless power system 10 according to another embodiment. [Diagram 3] 1 illustrates an example of various electronic devices in which a wireless power transmission system may be implemented. [Figure 4] 1 is a block diagram of a wireless power transmission system according to an embodiment. [Diagram 5] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a Bluetooth communication architecture to which an embodiment of the present specification can be applied. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a wireless power transmission system using BLE communication according to an example embodiment. [Figure 7] FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a wireless power transmission system using BLE communication according to another example. [Figure 8] FIG. 2 is a state transition diagram illustrating a wireless power transmission process. [Figure 9] An example for the PIN Phase 810 protocol is shown in outline. [Figure 10] An example of a configuration phase 820 protocol has been outlined. [Figure 11] 13 is a diagram illustrating a message field of a configuration packet (CFG) of a wireless power receiving apparatus according to an embodiment. [Figure 12] 1 is a flow diagram illustrating a protocol for a negotiation or renegotiation phase according to one embodiment. [Figure 13] 13 is a diagram illustrating a message field of a performance packet (CAP) of a wireless power transmission device according to an embodiment. [Figure 14] 8, which shows a schematic diagram of the data flow for the power transmission phase 840 in the baseline protocol. [Figure 15] 8, there is shown a schematic diagram of the data flow for the power transmission phase 840 in the extended protocol. [Figure 16] 1 illustrates an application level data stream between the wireless power transmitting device 100 and the wireless power receiving device 200 according to an example. [Figure 17] 1 illustrates a power control method according to an embodiment. [Figure 18] 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of an MPP ID packet. [Figure 19] 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an XID packet in MPP. [Figure 20] 1 is a schematic diagram of a protocol in MPP restricted mode. [Figure 21] 1 is a schematic diagram of the protocol in MPP full mode. [Figure 22] 1 is a schematic diagram of the protocol in MPP full mode. [Diagram 23] 1 shows a schematic diagram of an example of differential bi-phase encoding. [Figure 24] 1 is a schematic diagram of an example of an asynchronous serial format. [Diagram 25] 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a data packet structure. [Figure 26] 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of example header types and corresponding message sizes. [Figure 27] 2 is a schematic diagram of an example of an ADT packet. [Figure 28] 1 is a flow chart of a method for transferring wireless power according to an embodiment herein. [Figure 29] Here is an example summarizing ADT packet sizes up to 7 bytes. [Diagram 30] Here is an example summarizing ADT packet sizes larger than 7 bytes. [Diagram 31] 1 shows a schematic diagram of an example for a control error (CE) interval. [Diagram 32] 1 illustrates an example of data communication from a wireless power receiver to a wireless power transmitter. [Diagram 33] 1 illustrates an example of data communication from a wireless power transmitter to a wireless power receiver. [Diagram 34] This is the result of simulating an example of ADT transmission using 512 cycles-based FSK. [Diagram 35] This is the result of simulating an example of ADT transmission using 256 cycles-based FSK. [Diagram 36] 29 is a flow chart of a method for transmitting wireless power, illustrating the example of FIG. 28 in another form. [Figure 37] 1 is a flow diagram of a method for transmitting wireless power from the perspective of a wireless power transmitter, according to an embodiment herein. [Figure 38] 2 is a flow diagram of a method for receiving wireless power from the perspective of a wireless power receiver, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0010] As used herein, "A or B" may mean "A only," "B only," or "both A and B." Alternatively, as used herein, "A or B" may be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, as used herein, "A, B or C" may mean "A only," "B only," "C only," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0011] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma can mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B." Thus, "A / B" can mean "A only," "B only," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C."

[0012] In this specification, "at least one of A and B" can mean "A only," "B only," or "both A and B." In addition, in this specification, the expressions "at least one of A or B" and "at least one of A and / or B" can be interpreted as "at least one of A and B."

[0013] In addition, in this specification, "at least one of A, B and C" can mean "A only," "B only," "C only," or "any combination of A, B and C." In addition, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" can mean "at least one of A, B and C."

[0014] In addition, parentheses used in the present specification may mean "for example." Specifically, when "control information (PDCCH)" is used, "PDCCH" is proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, "control information" in the present specification is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" is proposed as an example of "control information." Also, when "control information (i.e., PDCCH)" is used, "PDCCH" is proposed as an example of "control information."

[0015] In this specification, technical features described individually in one drawing may be embodied individually or simultaneously. The term "wireless power" used hereinafter is used to mean any form of energy associated with an electric field, a magnetic field, an electromagnetic field, etc., transmitted from a wireless power transmitter to a wireless power receiver without the use of a physical electromagnetic conductor. Wireless power, also called a wireless power signal, may mean an oscillating magnetic flux enclosed by a primary coil and a secondary coil. For example, power conversion in a system for wirelessly charging devices including mobile phones, cordless phones, iPods, MP3 players, headsets, etc. is described herein. In general, the basic principle of wireless power transmission includes, for example, a method of transmitting power via magnetic coupling, a method of transmitting power via radio frequency (RF), a method of transmitting power via microwave, and a method of transmitting power via ultrasound.

[0016] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a wireless power system 10 according to one embodiment.

[0017] Referring to FIG. 1, a wireless power system 10 includes a wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 and a wireless power receiving apparatus 200 .

[0018] The wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 generates a magnetic field by receiving power from an external power source S. The wireless power receiving apparatus 200 receives power wirelessly by generating a current using the generated magnetic field.

[0019] In addition, in the wireless power system 10, the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 and the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 can transmit and receive various information required for wireless power transmission. Herein, communication between the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 and the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 can be performed by any one of in-band communication using a magnetic field used for wireless power transmission and out-band communication using a separate communication carrier. Out-band communication is also called out-of-band communication. Hereinafter, the term out-band communication will be used. Examples of out-band communication include NFC, Bluetooth (registered trademark), BLE (Bluetooth low energy), etc.

[0020] Here, the wireless power transmission apparatus 100 may be provided as a fixed type or a mobile type. Examples of the fixed type include an embedded type in a ceiling, a wall, or furniture such as a table, an implant type installed in an outdoor parking lot, a bus stop, or a subway station, or an installed in a transportation means such as a vehicle or a train. The mobile type wireless power transmission apparatus 100 may be implemented as a part of another device such as a mobile device having a movable weight and size, or a cover of a notebook computer.

[0021] In addition, the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 should be interpreted as a comprehensive concept including various electronic devices equipped with a battery and various home appliances that are driven by receiving power wirelessly instead of through a power cable. Representative examples of the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 include a portable terminal, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable media player (PMP), a Wibro terminal, a tablet, a phablet, a notebook, a digital camera, a navigation terminal, a television, an electric vehicle (EV), and the like.

[0022] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a wireless power system 10 according to another embodiment.

[0023] 2, the wireless power system 10 includes one or more wireless power receiving devices 200. In FIG. 1, the wireless power transmitting device 100 and the wireless power receiving device 200 are shown to exchange power one-to-one, but it is also possible for one wireless power transmitting device 100 to transmit power to multiple wireless power receiving devices 200-1, 200-2, ..., 200-M as shown in FIG. 2. In particular, when wireless power transmission is performed using a magnetic resonance method, one wireless power transmitting device 100 can transmit power to multiple wireless power receiving devices 200-1, 200-2, ..., 200-M simultaneously by applying a simultaneous transmission method or a time division transmission method.

[0024] 1 shows a method in which the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 directly transmits power to the wireless power receiving apparatus 200, a separate wireless power transceiver such as a relay or repeater for increasing the wireless power transmission distance may be provided between the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 and the wireless power receiving apparatus 200. In this case, power may be transmitted from the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 to the wireless power transceiver, and the wireless power transceiver may transmit power again to the wireless power receiving apparatus 200.

[0025] Hereinafter, a wireless power receiver, a power receiver, and a receiver referred to in this specification refer to the wireless power receiving apparatus 200. Also, a wireless power transmitter, a power transmitter, and a transmitter referred to in this specification refer to the wireless power receiving and transmitting apparatus 100.

[0026] FIG. 3 shows examples of various electronic devices in which the wireless power transmission system can be implemented.

[0027] Figure 3 shows electronic devices classified according to the amount of power transmitted and received by a wireless power transmission system. Referring to Figure 3, a low-power (about 5W or less or about 20W or less) wireless charging method can be applied to wearable devices such as smart watches, smart glasses, HMDs (Head Mounted Displays), and smart rings, and mobile (or portable) electronic devices such as earphones, remote controls, smartphones, PDAs, and tablet PCs.

[0028] A medium-power (approximately 50W or less or approximately 200W or less) wireless charging method can be applied to small and medium-sized home appliances such as notebooks, robot vacuums, TVs, audio equipment, vacuums, and monitors. A high-power (approximately 2kW or less or approximately 22kW or less) wireless charging method can be applied to kitchen appliances such as blenders, microwave ovens, and electric rice cookers, and personal mobility devices (or electronic devices / mobility means) such as wheelchairs, electric kick scooters, electric bicycles, and electric cars.

[0029] The electronic devices / mobile means described above (or shown in FIG. 1) may each include a wireless power receiver described below. Thus, the electronic devices / mobile means described above can be charged by wirelessly receiving power from a wireless power transmitter.

[0030] Although the following description will focus on a mobile device to which a wireless power charging method is applied, this is merely an embodiment, and the wireless charging method according to the present specification can be applied to the various electronic devices described above.

[0031] Standards for wireless power transmission include the wireless power consortium (WPC), the air fuel alliance (AFA), and the power matters alliance (PMA).

[0032] The WPC standard defines a baseline power profile (BPP) and an extended power profile (EPP), where the BPP is for wireless power transmitting and receiving devices supporting 5W power transmission, and the EPP is for wireless power transmitting and receiving devices supporting power transmission in the range greater than 5W and less than 30W.

[0033] Various wireless power transmitters and receivers using different power levels are covered by each standard and may be classified into different power classes or categories.

[0034] For example, the WPC classifies wireless power transmitters and receivers into power classes (PC)-1, PC0, PC1, and PC2, and provides standard documents for each PC. The PC-1 standard is for wireless power transmitters and receivers that provide guaranteed power of less than 5W. Applications of PC-1 include wearable devices such as smart watches.

[0035] The PC0 standard relates to wireless power transmitters and receivers that provide a guaranteed power of 5W. The PC0 standard includes EPP with guaranteed power up to 30W. In-band (IB) communication is the mandatory communication protocol of PC0, and out-band (OB) communication can also be used, which is used as an optional backup channel. A wireless power receiver can identify whether or not it supports OB by setting an OB flag in a configuration packet. A wireless power transmitter that supports OB can enter the OB handover phase by transmitting a bit pattern for OB handover in response to the configuration packet. The response to the configuration packet is NAK, ND, or a newly defined 8-bit pattern. Applications of PC0 include smartphones.

[0036] The PC1 standard relates to wireless power transmitters and receivers that provide guaranteed power of 30W to 150W. OB is the required communication channel for PC1, and IB is used for initialization and link establishment to OB. The wireless power transmitter can enter the OB handover phase using a bit pattern for OB handover in response to a configuration packet. PC1 applications include laptops and power tools.

[0037] The PC2 standard relates to wireless power transmitters and receivers that provide guaranteed power from 200W to 2kW, and its applications include kitchen appliances.

[0038] In this manner, PCs can be distinguished according to power levels, and whether or not to support same-PC compatibility is optional or mandatory. Here, same-PC compatibility means that power can be transmitted and received between the same PCs. For example, if a wireless power transmitting apparatus that is PCx can charge a wireless power receiving apparatus having the same PCx, it can be determined that same-PC compatibility is maintained. Similarly, compatibility between different PCs can also be supported. Here, different-PC compatibility means that power can be transmitted and received between different PCs. For example, if a wireless power transmitting apparatus that is PCx can charge a wireless power receiving apparatus having PCy, it can be determined that different-PC compatibility is maintained.

[0039] Supporting inter-PC compatibility is a very important issue in terms of user experience and infrastructure construction. However, maintaining inter-PC compatibility has many technical issues, such as the following:

[0040] In the case of compatibility between the same PCs, for example, a wireless power receiving device of a lap-top charging type, which can be stably charged only when power is transmitted continuously, has a problem when receiving a stable supply of power from a wireless power transmitting device of an electric tool type, which transmits power discontinuously, even if the wireless power transmitting device is a wireless power transmitting device of the same PC. In addition, in the case of compatibility between different PCs, for example, a wireless power transmitting device with a minimum guaranteed power of 200 W may be damaged by overvoltage when transmitting power to a wireless power receiving device with a maximum guaranteed power of 5 W. As a result, it is difficult to determine PCs as an index / standard representing / indicating compatibility.

[0041] The wireless power transmitting and receiving device can provide a highly convenient user experience and interface (UX / UI). That is, a smart wireless charging service can be provided. The smart wireless charging service can be implemented based on the UX / UI of a smartphone including the wireless power transmitting device. For such applications, the interface between the smartphone's processor and the wireless charging receiving device allows "drop and play" bidirectional communication between the wireless power transmitting device and the receiving device.

[0042] As an example, a user can experience a smart wireless charging service in a hotel. When a user enters a hotel room and places a smartphone on the wireless charger in the room, the wireless charger transmits wireless power to the smartphone, and the smartphone receives the wireless power. In this process, the wireless charger transmits information about the smart wireless charging service to the smartphone. When the smartphone detects that it is located on the wireless charger, detects reception of wireless power, or receives information about the smart wireless charging service from the wireless charger, the smartphone enters a state in which the smartphone asks the user for consent (opt-in) to additional features. To this end, the smartphone can display a message on the screen with or without an alarm. An example of the message can include text such as "Welcome to ### hotel. Select "Yes" to activate smart charging functions: Yes | No Thanks." The smartphone receives a user's input of selecting Yes or No Thanks and performs the next step selected by the user. If Yes is selected, the smartphone transmits the corresponding information to the wireless charger. Then, the smartphone and the wireless charger perform the smart charging function together.

[0043] The smart wireless charging service may also include receiving WiFi credentials auto-filled, for example, the wireless charger sends WiFi credentials to the smartphone, and the smartphone automatically fills in the WiFi credentials received from the wireless charger by running an appropriate APP.

[0044] The smart wireless charging service may also include running a hotel application that provides hotel promotions or obtains remote check-in / check-out and contact information.

[0045] As another example, a user can experience a smart wireless charging service in a vehicle. When a user gets into a vehicle and places a smartphone on a wireless charger, the wireless charger transmits wireless power to the smartphone, and the smartphone receives the wireless power. In this process, the wireless charger transmits information about the smart wireless charging service to the smartphone. When the smartphone detects that it is located on the wireless charger, or detects reception of wireless power, or receives information about the smart wireless charging service from the wireless charger, the smartphone enters a state in which it queries the user for ID (identity) confirmation.

[0046] In this state, the smartphone automatically connects to the car via WiFi and / or Bluetooth. The smartphone may display a message on the screen with or without an alarm. An example of the message may include text such as "Welcome to your car. Select "Yes" to synch device with in-car controls: Yes|No Thanks." The smartphone receives a user input selecting Yes or No Thanks and executes the next step selected by the user. If Yes is selected, the smartphone transmits the corresponding information to the wireless charger. The smartphone and the wireless charger may then run the application / display software in the vehicle to perform smart control functions in the vehicle together. The user may enjoy the music they want and check the correct map location. The application / display software in the vehicle may include a capability to provide synchronized access for passersby.

[0047] As another example, a user can experience smart wireless charging in the home. When a user enters a room and places a smartphone on a wireless charger in the room, the wireless charger transmits wireless power to the smartphone, and the smartphone receives the wireless power. During this process, the wireless charger transmits information about the smart wireless charging service to the smartphone. When the smartphone detects that it is located on the wireless charger, detects the reception of wireless power, or receives information about the smart wireless charging service from the wireless charger, the smartphone enters a state in which the smartphone asks the user for consent (opt-in) to additional features. To this end, the smartphone can display a message on the screen with or without an alarm. An example of the message can include text such as "Hi xxx, Would you like to activate night mode and secure the building?: Yes|No Thanks." The smartphone receives a user input selecting Yes or No Thanks and executes the next step selected by the user. If Yes is selected, the smartphone transmits the corresponding information to the wireless charger. The smartphone and the wireless charger can at least recognize the user's pattern and invite the user to close doors and windows, turn off the power, or set an alarm.

[0048] Hereinafter, a new term "profile" is defined as an index / criteria representing / indicating compatibility. That is, it can be interpreted that compatibility is maintained between wireless power transceivers having the same "profile" and stable power transmission / reception is possible, and power transmission / reception is not possible between wireless power transceivers having different "profiles." Profiles can be defined according to compatibility and / or application regardless of (or independently of) power class.

[0049] The profiles can be broadly divided into three categories: i) Mobile & Computer, ii) Power Tools, and iii) Kitchen.

[0050] Alternatively, the profiles can be broadly divided into four categories: i) mobile, ii) power tools, iii) kitchen, and iv) wearable.

[0051] In the case of the 'Mobile' profile, the PC can be defined as PC0 and / or PC1, the communication protocol / method can be IB and OB, the operating frequency can be defined as 87 to 205 kHz, and examples of applications can include smartphones, laptops, etc.

[0052] In the case of the 'power tool' profile, the PC can be defined as PC1, the communication protocol / method as IB, and the operating frequency as 87~145kHz, and power tools can be an example of an application.

[0053] In the case of the 'Kitchen' profile, the PC can be defined as PC2, the communication protocol / method as NFC-based, and the operating frequency as less than 100kHz. Examples of applications include kitchen / home appliances.

[0054] In the case of the power tool and kitchen profiles, NFC communication can be used between the wireless power transmitter and the receiver. The wireless power transmitter and the receiver can mutually confirm that they are NFC devices by exchanging WPC NDEF (NFC Data Exchange Profile Format).

[0055] FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a wireless power transmission system according to an embodiment.

[0056] Referring to FIG. 4, the wireless power transmission system 10 includes a mobile device 450 that wirelessly receives power and a base station 400 that wirelessly transmits power.

[0057] The base station 400 is a device that provides inductive power or resonant power and can include at least one wireless power transmitter 100 and a system circuit 405. The wireless power transmitter 100 can transmit inductive power or resonant power and control the transmission. The wireless power transmitter 100 can include a power conversion circuit 110 that converts electrical energy into a power signal by generating a magnetic field through a primary coil(s) and a communications & control circuit 120 that controls communication with the wireless power receiver 200 and power transfer to transfer power at an appropriate level. The system circuit 405 can perform input power provisioning, control of multiple wireless power transmitters, and other operational control of the base station 400, such as user interface control.

[0058] The primary coil can generate an electromagnetic field using AC power (or voltage or current). The primary coil can generate a magnetic field of a specific frequency by receiving AC power (or voltage or current) of a specific frequency output from the power conversion circuit 110. The magnetic field can be generated in a non-radiative or radiative manner, and the wireless power receiving device 200 receives the magnetic field and generates a current. That is, the primary coil transmits power wirelessly.

[0059] In magnetic induction, the primary and secondary coils can have any suitable form, for example, copper wire wound around a highly permeable formation such as ferrite or amorphous metal. The primary coil may also be called the transmitting coil, primary core, primary winding, primary loop antenna, etc., while the secondary coil may also be called the receiving coil, secondary core, secondary winding, secondary loop antenna, pickup antenna, etc.

[0060] When using the magnetic resonance method, the primary coil and the secondary coil may be provided in the form of a primary resonant antenna and a secondary resonant antenna, respectively. The resonant antenna may have a resonant structure including a coil and a capacitor. At this time, the resonant frequency of the resonant antenna is determined by the inductance of the coil and the capacitance of the capacitor. Here, the coil may be in the form of a loop. Also, a core may be disposed inside the loop. The core may include a physical core such as a ferrite core or an air core.

[0061] Energy transmission between the primary resonant antenna and the secondary resonant antenna may be performed through a magnetic resonance phenomenon. The resonance phenomenon refers to a phenomenon in which, when a near field corresponding to a resonant frequency occurs in one resonant antenna, if another resonant antenna is located nearby, the two resonant antennas are coupled to each other, resulting in highly efficient energy transmission between the resonant antennas. When a magnetic field corresponding to a resonant frequency occurs between the primary resonant antenna and the secondary resonant antenna, the primary resonant antenna and the secondary resonant antenna resonate with each other, and thus, the magnetic field is bound to the secondary resonant antenna with higher efficiency than when the magnetic field generated in the primary resonant antenna is radiated into free space in general, and therefore, energy can be transmitted from the primary resonant antenna to the secondary resonant antenna with high efficiency. The magnetic induction method may be implemented in a similar manner to the magnetic resonance method, but in this case, the frequency of the magnetic field does not need to be the resonant frequency. Instead, the magnetic induction method requires matching between the loops constituting the primary coil and the secondary coil, and the distance between the loops must be fairly close.

[0062] Although not shown in the drawings, the wireless power transmission apparatus 100 may further include a communication antenna. The communication antenna can transmit and receive communication signals using a communication carrier other than magnetic field communication. For example, the communication antenna can transmit and receive communication signals such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Bluetooth LE, ZigBee (registered trademark), and NFC.

[0063] The communication / control circuit 120 can transmit and receive information to and from the wireless power receiving apparatus 200. The communication / control circuit 120 can include at least one of an IB communication module or an OB communication module.

[0064] The IB communication module can transmit and receive information using magnetic waves with a specific frequency as a center frequency. For example, the communication / control circuit 120 can perform in-band communication by including communication information in the operating frequency of wireless power transmission and transmitting it through the primary coil, or receiving the operating frequency including information through the primary coil. In this case, the magnetic waves can include information or interpret the magnetic waves including information using a modulation method such as binary phase shift keying (BPSK), frequency shift keying (FSK), or amplitude shift keying (ASK), and a coding method such as Manchester coding or non-return-to-zero level (NZR-L) coding. By using such IB communication, the communication / control circuit 120 can transmit and receive information up to a distance of several meters at a data transmission rate of several kbps.

[0065] The OB communication module can also perform out-band communication via a communication antenna. For example, the communication / control circuit 120 can be provided in a short-range communication module. Examples of short-range communication modules include communication modules such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Bluetooth LE, ZigBee, and NFC.

[0066] The communication / control circuit 120 can control the overall operation of the wireless power transmission apparatus 100. The communication / control circuit 120 can perform calculations and processing of various information and control each component of the wireless power transmission apparatus 100.

[0067] The communication / control circuit 120 may be implemented as a computer or similar device using hardware, software, or a combination of these. In terms of hardware, the communication / control circuit 120 may be implemented in the form of an electronic circuit that processes electrical signals to perform a control function, and in terms of software, the communication / control circuit 120 may be implemented in the form of a program that drives the hardware communication / control circuit 120.

[0068] The communication / control circuit 120 can control the transmission power by controlling an operating point. The controlled operating point can correspond to a combination of a frequency (or phase), a duty cycle, a duty ratio, and a voltage amplitude. The communication / control circuit 120 can control the transmission power by adjusting at least one of the frequency (or phase), the duty cycle, the duty ratio, and the voltage amplitude. In addition, the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 can supply a constant power, and the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 can control the reception power by controlling a resonant frequency.

[0069] Meanwhile, in the WPC system, the wireless power transmission apparatus 100 may be classified, for example, in terms of the amount of transmitted power. At this time, the wireless power transmission apparatus 100 supporting a maximum wireless power transmission amount of 5 W (i.e., the wireless power transmission apparatus 100 supporting the BPP protocol) may be classified, for example, into a type A wireless power transmission apparatus 100 and a type B wireless power transmission apparatus 100, and the wireless power transmission apparatus 100 supporting a maximum wireless power transmission amount of 15 W (i.e., the wireless power transmission apparatus 100 supporting the EPP protocol) may be classified, for example, into a type MP-A wireless power transmission apparatus 100 and a type MP-B wireless power transmission apparatus 100.

[0070] -Type A and Type MPA wireless power transmission device 100

[0071] There may be one or more primary coils in the Type A and Type MPA wireless power transmission apparatus 100. Since the Type A and Type MPA wireless power transmission apparatus 100 activates a single primary coil at a time, a single primary cell that matches the activated primary coil may be used.

[0072] -Type B and Type MP B wireless power transmission device 100

[0073] The power transmitters of type B and type MP B may have a primary coil array and may allow free positioning. For this purpose, the power transmitters of type B and type MP B may activate one or more primary coils in the array to realize primary cells at other positions on the interface surface.

[0074] The mobile device 450 includes a wireless power receiver 200 that receives wireless power through a secondary coil, and a load 455 that receives the power received by the wireless power receiver 200, stores the power, and supplies it to the device.

[0075] The wireless power receiving device 200 may include a power pick-up circuit 210 and a communications & control circuit 220. The power pick-up circuit 210 may receive wireless power through a secondary coil and convert it into electrical energy. The power pick-up circuit 210 rectifies an AC signal obtained through the secondary coil and converts it into a DC signal. The communications & control circuit 220 may control the transmission and reception of wireless power (power transmission and reception).

[0076] The secondary coil can receive wireless power transmitted from the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100. The secondary coil can receive power by using a magnetic field generated in the primary coil. Here, when a specific frequency is a resonant frequency, a magnetic resonance phenomenon occurs between the primary coil and the secondary coil, so that power can be transmitted more efficiently.

[0077] Meanwhile, although not shown in Fig. 4, the communication / control circuit 220 may further include a communication antenna. The communication antenna can transmit and receive communication signals using a communication carrier other than magnetic field communication. For example, the communication antenna can transmit and receive communication signals such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Bluetooth LE, ZigBee, and NFC.

[0078] The communication / control circuit 220 can transmit and receive information to and from the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100. The communication / control circuit 220 can include at least one of an IB communication module or an OB communication module.

[0079] The IB communication module can transmit and receive information using magnetic waves with a specific frequency as a center frequency. For example, the communication / control circuit 220 can perform IB communication by including information in magnetic waves and transmitting the magnetic waves through a secondary coil, or receiving the magnetic waves including information through a secondary coil. In this case, the magnetic waves can include information or interpret the magnetic waves including information using a modulation method such as binary phase shift keying (BPSK), frequency shift keying (FSK), or amplitude shift keying (ASK), and a coding method such as Manchester coding or non-return-to-zero level (NZR-L) coding. By using such IB communication, the communication / control circuit 220 can transmit and receive information up to a distance of several meters at a data transmission rate of several kbps.

[0080] The OB communication module may also perform out-of-band communication via a communication antenna. For example, the communication / control circuitry 220 may be provided in a near-field communication module.

[0081] Examples of short-range communication modules include communication modules such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Bluetooth LE, ZigBee, and NFC.

[0082] The communication / control circuit 220 may control the overall operation of the wireless power receiving apparatus 200. The communication / control circuit 220 may perform calculations and processing of various information and control each component of the wireless power receiving apparatus 200.

[0083] The communication / control circuit 220 may be implemented as a computer or similar device using hardware, software, or a combination of both. In terms of hardware, the communication / control circuit 220 may be implemented in the form of an electronic circuit that processes electrical signals and performs a control function, and in terms of software, the communication / control circuit 220 may be implemented in the form of a program that drives the hardware communication / control circuit 220.

[0084] When the communication / control circuit 120 and the communication / control circuit 220 are OB communication modules or short-range communication modules, such as Bluetooth or Bluetooth LE, the communication / control circuit 120 and the communication / control circuit 220 can be embodied and operated in a communication architecture such as that shown in FIG. 5.

[0085] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a Bluetooth communication architecture to which an embodiment of the present specification can be applied.

[0086] Referring to FIG. 5, (a) of FIG. 5 shows an example of a Bluetooth BR (Basic Rate) / EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) protocol stack supporting GATT, and (b) of FIG. 5 shows an example of a Bluetooth LE (Low Energy) protocol stack.

[0087] Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5(a), the Bluetooth BR / EDR protocol stack may include an upper controller stack 460 and a lower host stack 470 based on a host controller interface (HCI, 18).

[0088] The host stack (or host module) 470 refers to a wireless transceiver module that receives 2.4 GHz Bluetooth signals and hardware for transmitting or receiving Bluetooth packets, and the controller stack 460 is connected to the Bluetooth module to control the Bluetooth module to perform operations.

[0089] The host stack 470 may include a BR / EDR PHY layer 12, a BR / EDR Baseband layer 14, and a Link Manager layer 16.

[0090] The BR / EDR PHY layer 12 is a layer for transmitting and receiving 2.4 GHz radio signals, and can transmit data by hopping among 79 RF channels when using Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) modulation.

[0091] The BR / EDR Baseband layer 14 transmits digital signals, selects a channel sequence that hops 1400 times per second, and transmits a time slot of 625 us for each channel.

[0092] The link manager layer 16 utilizes LMP (Link Manager Protocol) to control the overall operation (link setup, control, security) of the Bluetooth connection.

[0093] The Link Manager layer 16 may perform functions such as:

[0094] -ACL / SCO logical transport, logical link setup and control.

[0095] -Detach: Aborts the connection and informs the other device of the reason for the abort.

[0096] -Power control and role switch.

[0097] -Perform security (authentication, pairing, encryption) functions.

[0098] The host controller interface layer 18 provides an interface between a host module and a controller module, allowing the host to provide commands and data to the controller, and allowing the controller to provide events and data to the host.

[0099] The host stack (or host module) 20 includes a Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP) 21, an Attribute Protocol 22, a Generic Attribute Profile (GATT) 23, a Generic Access Profile (GAP) 24, and a BR / EDR Profile 25.

[0100] The Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP) 21 can provide a bidirectional channel for transmitting data in a specific protocol or profile.

[0101] The L2CAP 21 can multiplex various protocols and profiles provided above Bluetooth.

[0102] Bluetooth BR / EDR L2CAP uses dynamic channels, supports protocol service multiplexer, retransmission, and streaming mode, and provides segmentation and reassembly, per-channel flow control, and error control.

[0103] The Generic Attribute Profile (GATT) 23 may operate as a protocol that describes how the attribute protocol 22 is utilized when configuring a service. For example, the Generic Attribute Profile 23 may operate to define how ATT attributes are grouped together as services and may operate to describe features associated with a service.

[0104] Thus, the General Attribute Profile 23 and the Attribute Protocol (ATT) 22 can use features to describe the state and services of a device, how features relate to each other and how they are used.

[0105] The attribute protocol 22 and the BR / EDR profile 25 define the service profile that uses Bluetooth BR / EDR and the application protocol for exchanging this data, and the Generic Access Profile (GAP) 24 defines device discovery, connection, and security levels.

[0106] As shown in FIG. 5(b), the Bluetooth LE protocol stack includes a Controller stack 480 operable to handle the timing-critical radio interface, and a Host stack 490 operable to handle high level data.

[0107] First, the controller stack 480 may be implemented using a communications module, which may include a Bluetooth radio, and a processor module, which may include a processing device, such as a microprocessor.

[0108] The host stack 490 may be part of the OS running on the processor module or may be implemented by the instantiation of a package on the OS.

[0109] In some cases, the controller stack and the host stack may run or execute on the same processing device within a processor module.

[0110] The controller stack 480 includes a Physical Layer (PHY) 32 , a Link Layer 34 , and a Host Controller Interface 36 .

[0111] The physical layer (PHY, wireless transmission / reception module) 32 is a layer for transmitting and receiving 2.4 GHz wireless signals, and uses a frequency hopping technique consisting of Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) modulation and 40 RF channels.

[0112] The link layer 34, which functions to transmit and receive Bluetooth packets, performs advertising and scanning functions using three advertising channels, creates connections between devices, and provides the function of exchanging data packets of up to 257 bytes via 37 data channels.

[0113] The host stack may include a Generic Access Profile (GAP) 40, a Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP) 41, a Security Manager (SM) 42, an Attribute Protocol (ATT) 440, a Generic Attribute Profile (GATT) 44, a Generic Access Profile (Generic Access Profile) 25, and an LT Profile 46. However, the host stack 490 is not limited thereto and may include a variety of protocols and profiles.

[0114] The host stack uses L2CAP to multiplex various protocols and profiles provided above Bluetooth.

[0115] First, the Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP) 41 can provide a bidirectional channel for transmitting data in a specific protocol or profile.

[0116] The L2CAP 41 may be operable to multiplex data between higher layer protocols, segment and reassemble packages, and manage multicast data transmissions.

[0117] Bluetooth LE basically uses three fixed channels (one for the signaling CH, one for the Security Manager, and one for the Attribute protocol), and may use dynamic channels as needed.

[0118] On the other hand, BR / EDR (Basic Rate / Enhanced Data Rate) basically uses dynamic channels and supports protocol service multiplexer, retransmission, streaming mode, etc.

[0119] Security Manager (SM) 42 is a protocol for authenticating devices and providing key distribution.

[0120] ATT (Attribute Protocol) 43 defines rules for accessing data of a remote device in a server-client structure. ATT has the following six message types: Request, Response, Command, Notification, Indication, and Confirmation.

[0121] (1) Request and Response Messages: A Request message is a message for requesting and transmitting specific information from a client device to a server device, and a Response message is a response message to a Request message and means a message that can be used for sending from a server device to a client device.

[0122] (2) Command message: A message sent from a client device to a server device mainly to instruct a specific operation, and the server device does not send a response to the Command message to the client device.

[0123] (3) Notification message: A message sent from a server device to a client device to notify the client of an event or the like, and the client device does not send a confirmation message for the Notification message to the server device.

[0124] (4) Indication and Confirm Message: A message sent from a server device to a client device to notify the client of an event, etc., and differs from a Notification message in that the client device sends a Confirm message in response to an Indication message to the server device.

[0125] In this specification, when a long data is requested in a GATT profile using the attribute protocol (ATT) 43, a value for the data length is transmitted so that the client can clearly know the data length, and a characteristic value can be received from the server using a UUID.

[0126] The Generic Access Profile (GAP) 45 is a new layer implemented for Bluetooth LE technology and is used to control how role selection and multi-profile operation for communication between Bluetooth LE devices occurs.

[0127] The general access profile 45 is mainly used in device discovery, connection creation and security procedures, defines a method for providing information to a user, and defines the following attribute types:

[0128] (1) Service: A combination of data and associated behaviors that defines the basic operation of a device.

[0129] (2) Include: defines the relationship between services

[0130] (3) Characteristics: Data values ​​used in the service

[0131] (4) Behavior: A machine-readable format defined by a UUID (Universal Unique Identifier, value type).

[0132] The LE profile 46 is a profile that depends on GATT and is mainly applied to Bluetooth LE devices. The LE profile 46 may be, for example, Battery, Time, FindMe, Proximity, Time, etc., and the specific contents of the GATT-based profiles are as follows:

[0133] (1) Battery: Battery information exchange method

[0134] (2) Time: Time information exchange method

[0135] (3) FindMe: Provides distance-based alarm service

[0136] (4) Proximity: Battery information exchange method

[0137] (5) Time: Time information exchange method

[0138] The Generic Attribute Profile (GATT) 44 may be operable as a protocol that describes how the attribute protocol 43 is utilized when configuring a service. For example, the Generic Attribute Profile 44 may be operable to define how ATT attributes are grouped together as a service and may be operable to describe characteristics associated with a service.

[0139] Thus, the General Attribute Profile 44 and the Attribute Protocol (ATT) 43 can use features to describe the state and services of a device, how the features relate to each other and how they are utilized.

[0140] The procedure of the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology will be briefly described below.

[0141] BLE procedures can be divided into a device filtering procedure, an advertising procedure, a scanning procedure, a discovering procedure, a connecting procedure, etc.

[0142] Device Filtering Procedure

[0143] The device filtering procedure is a method for reducing the number of devices in a controller stack that respond to requests, instructions, notifications, etc.

[0144] Because not all devices are required to respond to a request when it is received, the controller stack can reduce the number of requests sent, thereby reducing power consumption in the BLE controller stack.

[0145] An advertising device or a scanning device can perform the device filtering procedure to restrict devices that receive an advertising packet, a scan request, or a connection request.

[0146] Here, the advertising device refers to a device that transmits an advertising event, i.e., executes an advertisement, and is also referred to as an advertiser.

[0147] A scanning device refers to a device that performs scanning and transmits a scan request.

[0148] In BLE, when a scanning device receives some advertising packets from an advertising device, the scanning device needs to send a scan request to the advertising device.

[0149] However, if a device filtering procedure is used such that sending a scan request is unnecessary, the scanning device can ignore the advertisement packets sent from the advertising device.

[0150] A device filtering procedure may also be used in the connection request process. If device filtering is used in the connection request process, the connection request may be ignored, making it unnecessary to transmit a response to the connection request.

[0151] Advertising Procedure

[0152] The advertising device executes an advertising procedure to perform an omnidirectional broadcast to devices within the area.

[0153] Here, undirected advertising is advertising directed to all devices, not a broadcast directed to a specific device, and all devices can scan the advertising to request additional information or a connection.

[0154] In contrast, with directed advertising, only devices designated as receiving devices can scan for advertising and request additional information or connection.

[0155] The advertisement procedure is used to establish a Bluetooth connection with a nearby initiating device.

[0156] Alternatively, the advertising procedure can be used to provide periodic broadcasts of user data to scanning devices listening on the advertising channel.

[0157] In the advertising procedure, all advertisements (or advertising events) are broadcast over the advertising physical channel.

[0158] The advertising device may receive a scan request from a listening device that is listening to obtain additional user data from the advertising device, and the advertising device may transmit a response to the scan request to the device that transmitted the scan request via the same advertising physical channel as the advertising physical channel on which the scan request was received.

[0159] The broadcast user data sent as part of the advertising packet is dynamic data, whereas the scan response data is generally static data.

[0160] The advertising device can receive a connection request from the initiating device on the advertising (broadcast) physical channel. If the advertising device uses a connectable advertising event and the initiating device is not filtered by the device filtering procedure, the advertising device stops advertising and goes into connected mode. The advertising device can start advertising again after the connected mode.

[0161] Scanning Procedure

[0162] A device performing scanning, i.e., a scanning device, performs a scanning procedure to listen for an omnidirectional broadcast of user data from an advertising device using an advertising physical channel.

[0163] The scanning device transmits a scan request to the advertising device via an advertising physical channel to request additional data from the advertising device, and the advertising device transmits a scan response, which is a response to the scan request, including the additional data requested by the scanning device via the advertising physical channel.

[0164] The scanning procedure can be used while connecting with other BLE devices in a BLE piconet.

[0165] If the scanning device is in an initiator mode where it can receive a broadcasted advertising event and initiate a connection request, the scanning device can initiate a Bluetooth connection with the advertising device by sending a connection request to the advertising device via the advertising physical channel.

[0166] When a scanning device sends a connection request to an advertising device, the scanning device ceases initiator mode scanning for additional broadcasts and proceeds to connection mode.

[0167] Discovering Procedure

[0168] A device capable of Bluetooth communication (hereinafter referred to as a "Bluetooth device") performs advertisement and scanning procedures to discover nearby devices or to be discovered by other devices within a given area.

[0169] The discovering procedure is performed asymmetrically. A Bluetooth device that tries to find other devices in its vicinity is called a discovering device, and listens to find devices advertising scannable advertising events. A Bluetooth device that is found and available to other devices is called a discoverable device, and actively broadcasts advertising events that other devices can scan via the advertising (broadcast) physical channel.

[0170] Both discovering devices and discoverable devices may already be connected to other Bluetooth devices in a piconet.

[0171] Connecting Procedure

[0172] The association procedure is asymmetric; it requires that a particular Bluetooth device performs an advertisement procedure while other Bluetooth devices perform a scanning procedure.

[0173] That is, the advertisement procedure may be objective, so that only one device should respond to the advertisement. After receiving a connectable advertisement event from the advertising device, a connection may be initiated by sending a connection request to the advertising device via an advertising (broadcast) physical channel.

[0174] Next, the operating states in BLE technology, namely, the advertising state, scanning state, initiating state, and connection state, will be briefly described.

[0175] Advertising State

[0176] The link layer (LL) enters the advertising state upon command from the host (stack). When the link layer is in the advertising state, the link layer sends advertising PDUs (Packet Data Circuit) from advertising events, etc.

[0177] Each advertising event is composed of at least one advertising PDU, and the advertising PDU is transmitted via the advertising channel index used. The advertising event can be terminated or terminated earlier if the advertising device needs to make space for performing other functions when the advertising PDU is transmitted via the advertising channel index used, respectively.

[0178] Scanning State

[0179] The link layer enters the scanning state at the direction of the host (stack). In the scanning state, the link layer listens for advertising channel indexes.

[0180] There are two types of scanning states: passive scanning and active scanning, and each scanning type is determined by the host.

[0181] No separate time or advertising channel index is defined for scanning.

[0182] During the scanning state, the link layer listens to the advertised channel index for a scan window duration. The scan interval is defined as the interval between the start of two consecutive scan windows.

[0183] The link layer must listen for all scan interval completions of the scan window as directed by the host if there are no scheduling conflicts. In each scan window the link layer must scan for other advertised channel indexes. The link layer uses all available advertised channel indexes.

[0184] When passively scanning, the link layer can only receive packets and cannot send any packets.

[0185] When active scanning, the link layer listens to the advertising device to request an advertising PDU and, depending on the advertising PDU type, additional information related to the advertising device.

[0186] Initiating State

[0187] The link layer enters the starting state at the command of the host (stack).

[0188] When the link layer is in the starting state, it listens for an advertising channel index.

[0189] During the Start state, the link layer listens for an advertising channel index during a scan window interval.

[0190] Connection state

[0191] The link layer enters a connected state when a device making a connection request, i.e., an initiating device, sends a CONNECT_REQ PDU to an advertising device or when the advertising device receives a CONNECT_REQ PDU from the initiating device.

[0192] A connection is considered to be created after entering the connected state, but is not necessarily considered to be established at the time the connection is entered. The only difference between a newly created connection and a pre-established connection is the link-layer connection supervision timeout value.

[0193] When both devices are connected, they play different roles.

[0194] A link layer that plays a master role is called a master, and a link layer that plays a slave role is called a slave. A master adjusts the timing of connection events, and a connection event refers to a synchronized point between a master and a slave.

[0195] Below is a brief description of the packets defined in the Bluetooth interface. BLE devices use the packets defined below.

[0196] Packet Format

[0197] The Link Layer has only one packet format that is used for both the advertising channel packets and the data channel packets.

[0198] Each packet is made up of four fields: a preamble, a connection address (access address), a PDU (Packet Data Unit), and a CRC.

[0199] When a packet is transmitted from an advertising physical channel, the PDU shall be an advertising channel PDU, and when a packet is transmitted from a data physical channel, the PDU shall be a data channel PDU.

[0200] Advertising Channel PDU

[0201] An advertisement channel PDU (Packet Data Circuit) has a 16-bit header and a payload of various sizes.

[0202] The PDU type field of the advertising channel PDU included in the header indicates the PDU type as defined in Table 1 below.

[0203] [Table 1]

[0204] Advertising PDU The following Advertising Channel PDU types are called Advertising PDUs and are used for specific events.

[0205] ADV_IND: Connectable omnidirectional advertising event

[0206] ADV_DIRECT_IND: Connectable directional advertising event

[0207] ADV_NONCONN_IND: Non-connectable non-directional advertising event

[0208] ADV_SCAN_IND: Scannable omnidirectional advertising event

[0209] The PDU is transmitted from the Link Layer in the Advertising State and is received by the Link Layer in the Scanning State or Initiating State.

[0210] Scanning PDU

[0211] The following Advertising Channel PDU types are called Scanning PDUs and are used in the situations described below.

[0212] SCAN_REQ: Sent by the link layer in the scanning state and received by the link layer in the advertising state.

[0213] SCAN_RSP: Sent by the link layer in the advertising state and received by the link layer in the scanning state.

[0214] Initiating PDUs

[0215] The following Advertising Channel PDU types are called Initiation PDUs:

[0216] CONNECT_REQ: Sent by the link layer in the initiation state and received by the link layer in the advertisement state.

[0217] Data Channel PDU

[0218] The data channel PDU has a 16-bit header, a variable size payload, and can include a Message Integrity Check (MIC) field.

[0219] As mentioned above, procedures, states, packet formats, etc. in BLE technology can be applied to perform the methods proposed herein.

[0220] 4 again, the load 455 is a battery. The battery can store energy by using the power output from the power pickup circuit 210. Meanwhile, the battery does not necessarily have to be included in the mobile device 450. For example, the battery can be provided in an external configuration in a removable form. As another example, the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 can include a driving means for driving various operations of the electronic device instead of a battery.

[0221] Although the mobile device 450 is illustrated as including a wireless power receiving device 200 and the base station 400 is illustrated as including a wireless power transmitting device 100, in a broad sense, the wireless power receiving device 200 can be regarded as the same as the mobile device 450, and the wireless power transmitting device 100 can be regarded as the same as the base station 400.

[0222] When the communication / control circuit 120 and the communication / control circuit 220 include an OB communication module or a short-range communication module such as Bluetooth or Bluetooth LE in addition to an IB communication module, the wireless power transmitting device 100 including the communication / control circuit 120 and the wireless power receiving device 200 including the communication / control circuit 220 can be represented in a simplified block diagram as shown in FIG. 6.

[0223] FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a wireless power transmission system using BLE communication according to an example.

[0224] 6, the wireless power transmission device 100 includes a power conversion circuit 110 and a communication / control circuit 120. The communication / control circuit 120 includes an in-band communication module 121 and a BLE communication module 122.

[0225] Meanwhile, the wireless power receiving device 200 includes a power pickup circuit 210 and a communication / control circuit 220. The communication / control circuit 220 includes an in-band communication module 221 and a BLE communication module 222.

[0226] In one aspect, the BLE communication module 122, 222 implements the architecture and operation according to Fig. 5. For example, the BLE communication module 122, 222 may be used to establish a connection between the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 and the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 and exchange control information and packets required for wireless power transmission.

[0227] In another aspect, communication / control circuit 120 may be configured to operate a profile for wireless charging, where the profile for wireless charging may be GATT utilizing BLE transmission.

[0228] FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a wireless power transmission system using BLE communication according to another example.

[0229] 7, the communication / control circuits 120 and 220 may each include only an in-band communication module 121 or 221, and the BLE communication module 122 or 222 may be provided separately from the communication / control circuits 120 and 220.

[0230] Hereinafter, a coil or coil section includes a coil and at least one element adjacent to the coil, and may be referred to as a coil assembly, coil cell, or cell.

[0231] Meanwhile, when a user places the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 within the working space of the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100, both the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 and the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 start communication for the purpose of configuring and controlling power transmission. At this time, a power signal can provide a carrier for all communications, and a protocol for the communications can be configured in multiple stages. The communication protocol will be described below.

[0232] FIG. 8 is a state transition diagram for explaining a wireless power transmission procedure.

[0233] WPC can define two communication protocols.

[0234] Baseline Protocol (or BPP): This may refer to an original protocol that supports only one-way communication from the wireless power receiving device 200 to the wireless power transmitting device 100.

[0235] -Extended Protocol (or EPP): Supports two-way communication and improved foreign object detection (FOD) functions, and can also support data transmission stream functions and authentication options.

[0236] Referring to FIG. 8, the power transfer operation between the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 and the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 according to one embodiment of the present specification can be broadly divided into a Ping Phase 810, a Configuration Phase 820, a Negotiation Phase 830, and a Power Transfer Phase.

[0237] -Pinphase 810

[0238] In the ping phase 810, the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 may try to establish communication with the wireless power receiving apparatus 200. Before attempting to establish communication, a measurement may be performed to check whether there are any objects, such as a bank card, coins, or other metal objects, that may be damaged or heated during the transmission of power. Here, such a measurement may be performed without waking up the wireless power receiving apparatus 200.

[0239] Here, after obtaining design information from the wireless power receiving device 200, the wireless power transmitting device 100 can postpone a decision on whether the detected metal is a foreign object or a friendly metal to the negotiation phase 830.

[0240] - Configuration Phase 820

[0241] In the configuration phase 820, the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 may transmit basic identification and configuration data to the wireless power receiving apparatus 200. Then, both the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 and the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 may use this information to generate a baseline power transfer contract.

[0242] In addition, the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 and the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 can determine in the configuration phase 820 whether to continue using the Baseline Protocol or the Extended Protocol.

[0243] Here, the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 can utilize functions such as improved FOD, data transmission stream, and authentication only when the extended protocol is implemented.

[0244] -Negotiation Phase 830

[0245] In the negotiation phase 830, the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 and the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 can set up an extended power transfer contract including additional settings and restrictions. The wireless power receiving apparatus 200 can also provide design information to the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100. The design information can later be used to complete the FOD before switching to the power transmission phase 840.

[0246] Here, the negotiation phase 830 may correspond to a stage that is not present in the baseline protocol.

[0247] -Power transmission phase 840

[0248] The power transmission phase 840 may be a stage in which power is transferred to a load of the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 .

[0249] In the extended protocol, the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 and the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 may perform system calibration when this stage begins. This stage may be interrupted occasionally to renegotiate elements of the power transfer agreement, but power transfer may continue during such renegotiations.

[0250] The protocols for the Ping Phase 810, Configuration Phase 820, Negotiation Phase 830, and Power Transfer Phase 840 will now be described in more detail.

[0251] 1. Pinphase 810

[0252] When the ping phase 810 starts, the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 does not yet know whether the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 is within the working volume or not, and the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 cannot recognize the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 because the system is generally deactivated due to lack of a power signal.

[0253] In this situation, before the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 initiates a digital ping to request a response from the wireless power receiving apparatus 200, the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 may undergo the following steps.

[0254] FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an example of a PIN phase 810 protocol.

[0255] 9, the wireless power transmission apparatus 100 may execute an analog pin (S910). That is, the wireless power transmission apparatus 100 may transmit the analog pin to check whether an object exists within an operating volume. For example, the wireless power transmission apparatus may sense whether an object exists within an operating volume based on a current change in a transmission coil or a primary coil.

[0256] The wireless power transmission apparatus 100 may apply NFC tag protection (S920). Here, the NFC tag protection may be performed according to the following procedure.

[0257] a) First, it can be determined whether one or more of the sensed objects includes an NFC tag.

[0258] b) Then, in the case of an object containing an NFC tag, it can be checked whether it can withstand a power signal without being damaged.

[0259] c) If the wireless power transmission apparatus 100 determines that the NFC tag cannot withstand the power signal, it does not start the digital ping and holds the ping stage, and the wireless power transmission apparatus 100 can inform the user of the reason for not continuing.

[0260] The wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 may detect a foreign object (S930). That is, the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 may collect information useful for determining whether or not there is a foreign object other than the wireless power receiving apparatus 200. To this end, the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 may use various methods such as a free-power FOD method.

[0261] Meanwhile, in the above-mentioned three steps (S910, S920, S930), the wireless power receiving apparatus does not need to operate.

[0262] When the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 executes the above steps and determines that the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 is potentially present in the operating space, the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 may initiate a digital ping (S940). Here, the digital ping may request a response such as a signal strength (SIG) data packet or an end power transfer (EPT) data packet from the wireless power receiving apparatus 200.

[0263] Thereafter, the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 may receive a SIG or an EPT from the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 (S950). Here, the SIG data packet may provide a coupling measurement, and the SIG data packet may include information on a signal strength value. Also, the EPT data packet may provide a power transmission stop request and a reason for the request.

[0264] If the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 does not receive the above response from the wireless power receiving apparatus 200, the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 may remain in the ping phase 810 and repeat the above steps.

[0265] 2. Configuration Phase 820

[0266] The configuration phase 820 is part of the protocol as follows.

[0267] The wireless power receiving apparatus 200 can identify itself to the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 .

[0268] The wireless power receiving apparatus 200 and the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 can establish a baseline power transfer agreement.

[0269] The wireless power receiving apparatus 200 and the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 can determine the protocol variant to be used for power transmission.

[0270] In the configuration phase 820, the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 and the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 can continue to operate using the digital pin parameters. This can mean that the power and current levels of both the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 and the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 are only changed if the user moves the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 to a position within the working space.

[0271] The protocol for the configuration phase 820 will now be described in more detail.

[0272] FIG. 10 shows an example schematic for the configuration phase 820 protocol.

[0273] 10, the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 can receive an ID (identification) from the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 (S1010). Alternatively, the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 can also receive an XID (extended identification) from the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 (S1020). That is, the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 can identify itself by using an ID data packet and, selectively, an XID data packet.

[0274] The wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 can selectively receive a power control hold-off (PCH) data packet from the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 (S1030), and the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 can receive a CFG data packet from the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 (S1040). That is, the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 can provide data for use in a power transfer contract using the PCH and / or the CFG data packet.

[0275] Finally, the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 can check the possibly extended protocol (S1050).

[0276] The above-mentioned data packets can be summarized as follows:

[0277] - ID: The ID data packet may be information for identifying the wireless power receiving apparatus 200. Here, the ID may include a manufacturer code, a basic device identifier, etc. The ID may also include information for identifying the presence or absence of an XID data packet in the configuration phase.

[0278] - XID: The XID data packet may contain additional identification data.

[0279] - PCH: The PCH data packet can configure a delay between receiving a CE data packet and the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 starting coil current adjustment.

[0280] CFG: The CFG data packet may provide basic configuration data.

[0281] For example, the CFG data packet can provide all the parameters that are recommended for power transmission in the baseline protocol, and at the same time, the CFG data packet can provide all the FSK communication parameters used in the extended protocol, and the CFG data packet can provide additional functions of the wireless power receiving device 200.

[0282] FIG. 11 illustrates a message field of a configuration packet (CFG) of a wireless power receiving apparatus according to an embodiment.

[0283] According to FIG. 11, a configuration packet (CFG) in one embodiment may have a header value of 0x51, and the message field of the configuration packet (CFG) may include a 1-bit authentication (AI) flag and a 1-bit out-of-band (OB) flag.

[0284] The authentication flag (AI) indicates whether the wireless power receiving apparatus supports an authentication function. For example, when the authentication flag (AI) has a value of “1”, it indicates that the wireless power receiving apparatus supports the authentication function or can operate as an authentication initiator, and when the authentication flag (AI) has a value of “0”, it indicates that the wireless power receiving apparatus does not support the authentication function or cannot operate as an authentication initiator.

[0285] The outband (OB) flag indicates whether the wireless power receiving apparatus supports outband communication. For example, if the value of the outband (OB) flag is “1”, the wireless power receiving apparatus indicates outband communication, and if the value of the outband (OB) flag is “0”, the wireless power receiving apparatus indicates that the wireless power receiving apparatus does not support outband communication.

[0286] The provision of the ID and / or XID described above is for identification purposes, and the provision of the PCH and / or CFG is for building a power transfer contract.

[0287] 3.Negotiation Phase 830

[0288] The negotiation phase 830 is a part of an extended protocol that allows the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 and the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 to change the power transmission agreement. There are two types of this phase.

[0289] -Negotiation Phase 830: The negotiation phase 830 follows directly after the configuration phase 820 and serves to generate an initial extended power transmission agreement. At the same time, the negotiation phase 830 also serves to complete the pre-power FOD function. Here, the length of the negotiation phase is not limited.

[0290] - Renegotiation Phase: The renegotiation phase can interrupt the power transmission phase 840 multiple times and typically serves to adjust a single element of the power transfer agreement. Also, FOD / qf, FOD / rf and SRQ / rpr data packets may not be utilized during the renegotiation phase. Restrictions on CE data packets during the power transmission phase 840 limit the length of the renegotiation phase.

[0291] During the negotiation or renegotiation phase, a Power Transfer Contract associated with the reception / transmission of wireless power between the wireless power receiving device and the wireless power transmitting device may be extended or modified, the Power Transfer Contract may be updated to adjust at least some of the elements of the Power Transfer Contract, or information may be exchanged to establish out-of-band communication.

[0292] FIG. 12 is a flow diagram that outlines a protocol for the negotiation or renegotiation phase according to one embodiment.

[0293] 12, the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 may receive an FOD status data packet (e.g., FOD) from the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 (S1210). Here, the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 may use the FOD status data packet to inform the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 of the effect that its presence has on selected attributes of the reference wireless power transmitting apparatus 100. Then, the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 may configure an FOD function using this information.

[0294] The wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 can transmit an ACK / NAK for the FOD status data packet to the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 (S1215).

[0295] Meanwhile, the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 can receive an ID (Identification data packet), a CAP (Capabilities data packet), and an XCAP (extended CAP) from the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 by using a GRQ (General Request data packet).

[0296] The general request packet (GRQ) may have a header value of 0x07 and may include a 1-byte message field. The message field of the general request packet (GRQ) may include a header value of a data packet that the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 requests from the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 using the GRQ packet.

[0297] For example, in the negotiation phase or renegotiation phase, the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 may transmit a GRQ packet (GRQ / id) requesting an ID packet of the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 to the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 (S1220).

[0298] The wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 that has received the GRQ / id can transmit an ID packet to the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 (S1225). The ID packet of the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 includes information on the "Manufacturer Code". The ID packet including the information on the "Manufacturer Code" enables the manufacturer of the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 to be identified.

[0299] Alternatively, in the negotiation phase or renegotiation phase, the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 may transmit a GRQ packet (GRQ / cap) requesting a performance packet (CAP) of the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 to the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 (S1230). The message field of the GRQ / cap may include a header value (0x31) of the performance packet (CAP).

[0300] Having received the GRQ / cap, the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 can transmit a performance packet (CAP) to the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 (S1235).

[0301] Alternatively, in the negotiation phase or renegotiation phase, the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 may transmit a GRQ packet (GRQ / xcap) requesting a performance packet (CAP) of the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 to the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 (S1240). The message field of the GRQ / xcap may include a header value (0x32) of the performance packet (XCAP).

[0302] The wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 that has received the GRQ / xcap can transmit a performance packet (XCAP) to the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 (S1245).

[0303] FIG. 13 illustrates a message field of a capability packet (CAP) of a wireless power transmitter according to an embodiment.

[0304] A Capability Packet (CAP) according to one embodiment may have a header value of 0x31 and, referring to FIG. 19, may include a 3-byte message field.

[0305] Referring to FIG. 13, the message field of the Capability Packet (CAP) may include a 1-bit Authentication (AR) flag and a 1-bit Out-of-Band (OB) flag.

[0306] The authentication flag (AR) indicates whether or not the wireless power transmission apparatus 100 supports an authentication function. For example, when the authentication flag (AR) has a value of “1”, it indicates that the wireless power transmission apparatus 100 supports the authentication function or can operate as an authentication responder, and when the authentication flag (AR) has a value of “0”, it indicates that the wireless power transmission apparatus 100 does not support the authentication function or cannot operate as an authentication responder.

[0307] The Out-of-Band (OB) flag indicates whether the wireless power transmission device 100 supports out-of-band communication. For example, when the value of the Out-of-Band (OB) flag is "1", the wireless power transmission device 100 indicates out-of-band communication, and when the value of the Out-of-Band (OB) flag is "0", it can indicate that the wireless power transmission device 100 does not support out-of-band communication.

[0308] During the negotiation phase, the wireless power receiving device 200 can receive the performance packet (CAP) of the wireless power transmission device 100 and confirm whether the authentication function support and out-of-band communication support of the wireless power transmission device 100 are available.

[0309] Returning to FIG. 12 again, the wireless power receiving device 200 can update the elements of the power transfer contract regarding the power provided in the power transmission phase using at least one specific request packet (SRQ, Specific Request data packet) during the negotiation phase or the renegotiation phase (S1250), and can receive an ACK / NAK for this (S1255).

[0310] On the other hand, to confirm the extended power transfer contract and end the negotiation phase, the wireless power receiving device 200 transmits SRQ / en to the wireless power transmission device 100 (S1260) and can receive an ACK from the wireless power transmission device 100 (S1265).

[0311] 4. Power Transmission Phase 840

[0312] The power transmission phase 840 is part of the protocol in which actual power is transmitted as the load of the wireless power receiving device 200. Here, the power transfer can be performed according to the conditions of the power transfer contract generated in the negotiation phase 830.

[0313] <Power Control Based on CE>

[0314] The wireless power receiving apparatus 200 can control the power level by transmitting control error (CE) data, which measures the deviation between a target and an actual operating point of the wireless power receiving apparatus 200, to the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100. The wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 and the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 aim to make the control error data 0, at which point the system operates at the target power level.

[0315] <In-power transfer FOD method>

[0316] Besides the control error data, the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 and the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 can exchange information to facilitate FOD. The wireless power receiving apparatus 200 can periodically report the amount of power it receives (received power level) to the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100, and the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 can inform the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 whether it has detected a foreign object. A method usable for FOD in the power transmission phase can correspond to, for example, a power loss calculation. In this approach, the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 can compare the received power level reported by the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 with the amount of transmitted power (transmitted power level) and transmit a signal (indicating whether it has monitored a foreign object) to the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 when the difference exceeds a threshold value.

[0317] <Renegotiation Phase>

[0318] Depending on the situation, if necessary, the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 or the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 may request renegotiation of the power transmission contract during the power transmission phase. Examples of changed situations in which renegotiation of the power transmission contract may be performed are as follows.

[0319] - If the wireless power receiving device 200 requires (substantially) more power than previously negotiated.

[0320] When it is detected that the wireless power transmission apparatus 100 is operating at a low efficiency.

[0321] - If the wireless power transmitting device 100 can no longer maintain the current power level due to the increased operating temperature (or the opposite case, i.e., if the wireless power receiving device 200 can operate at a higher power level after it has cooled down sufficiently).

[0322] Here, a specific example of the protocol for the renegotiation phase is as described above.

[0323] <Data transmission stream>

[0324] The wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 and the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 may exchange application level data throughout the power transmission phase 840, initiating a data transmission stream.

[0325] Here, an important common application is authentication, where both sides can verify the credentials of the other in an anti-modulation manner. For example, the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 can attempt to verify the credentials of the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 to verify whether the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 can be trusted to operate safely at high power levels. Proper credentials can mean that regulatory compliance tests have been passed.

[0326] Thus, a scheme may be provided herein that begins the transfer of power at a low power level and controls the power to a higher level only after successfully completing an authentication protocol.

[0327] <Protocol for power transmission phase 840>

[0328] Above, there has been a brief description of the operations between the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 and the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 in the power transmission phase 840. Hereinafter, in order to facilitate understanding of the operations in the power transmission phase 840, the protocols in the power transmission phase 840 will be described by distinguishing between the baseline protocol and the extended protocol.

[0329] FIG. 14 illustrates a schematic diagram of the data flow for the power transmission phase 840 in the baseline protocol.

[0330] 14, the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 can transmit a CE to the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 (S1410). Here, the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 can transmit a normal CE data packet several times per second.

[0331] The wireless power receiving apparatus 200 may transmit a received power (RP) data packet (RP8 in the baseline protocol) to the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 typically once every 1.5 seconds (S1420).

[0332] Alternatively, the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 may transmit a charge status (CHS) data packet to the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 (S1430).

[0333] The above-mentioned data packets can be summarized as follows.

[0334] -CE: The CE data packet may provide feedback on a desired power level. The CE data packet may include a control error value, which may be a signed integer value that is a relative measurement of the deviation between the actual operating point and the target operating point of the wireless power receiving apparatus 200. If the control error value is a positive value, it indicates that the actual operating point is below the target operating point, and the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 may be requested to increase the power signal. If the control error value is a negative value, it indicates that the actual operating point is above the target operating point, and the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 may be requested to decrease the power signal.

[0335] RP8: The RP8 data packet may report the received power level, where the RP8 data packet may only be included in the Baseline protocol.

[0336] - CHS: The CHS data packet may provide the charge level of the battery at the load.

[0337] FIG. 15 illustrates a schematic diagram of the data flow for the power transmission phase 840 in the extended protocol.

[0338] 15, the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 can transmit a CE to the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 (S1510). Here, the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 can generally transmit a CE data packet several times per second.

[0339] The wireless power receiving apparatus 200 may transmit a received power (RP) data packet (RP in the extended protocol) to the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 typically once every 1.5 seconds (S1515).

[0340] In the power transmission phase, the control error packet (CE) and the receive power packet (RP) are data packets that must be repeatedly transmitted / received according to the required timing constraints for controlling the radio power.

[0341] The wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 can control the level of wireless power to be transmitted based on the control error packet (CE) and the received power packet (RP) received from the wireless power receiving apparatus 200.

[0342] On the other hand, in the extended protocol, the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 can respond to the received power packet (RP) with a bit pattern such as ACK, NAK, or ATN (S1520).

[0343] When the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 responds with an ACK to a received power packet with a mode value of 0 (RP / 0), this means that power transmission can continue at the current level.

[0344] When the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 responds with a NAK to a received power packet (RP / 0) whose mode value is 0, this means that the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 should reduce power consumption.

[0345] When the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 responds with an ACK to a received power packet (RP / 1 or RP / 2) whose mode value is 1 or 2, this means that the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 has accepted the power correction value included in the received power packet (RP / 1 or RP / 2).

[0346] When the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 responds with a NAK to a received power packet (RP / 1 or RP / 2) whose mode value is 1 or 2, this means that the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 did not accept the power correction value included in the received power packet (RP / 1 or RP / 2).

[0347] The received power packet (RP / 1) having a mode value of 1 may mean a first calibration data point, and the received power packet (RP / 2) having a mode value of 2 may mean an additional calibration data point. Here, the wireless power receiving device may transmit the received power packet (RP / 2) having a mode value of 2 to the wireless power transmitting device several times to transmit a plurality of additional power calibration values, and the wireless power transmitting device may perform a calibration process based on the received RP / 1 and a plurality of RP / 2.

[0348] The wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 responding with an ATN to a received power packet (RP) means that the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 requests permission for communication. That is, the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 can transmit an attention (ATN) response pattern in response to the RP data packet to request permission to transmit a data packet. In other words, the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 can transmit an ATN to the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 in response to the RP data packet to request permission to transmit a data packet from the wireless power receiving apparatus 200.

[0349] Alternatively, the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 may transmit a charge status (CHS) data packet to the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 (S1525).

[0350] Meanwhile, the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 and the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 can exchange a DSR (data stream response) data packet, a CAP data packet, and a NEGO data packet to initiate renegotiation of an element (generally, the guaranteed load power) in the power transmission contract.

[0351] For example, the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 transmits a DSR data packet to the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 (S1530), and the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 can transmit a CAP to the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 (S1535).

[0352] Furthermore, the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 transmits a NEGO data packet to the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 (S1540), and the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 can transmit an ACK to the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 in response to the NEGO data packet (S1545).

[0353] Here, the data packets related to the start of the renegotiation phase are summarized as follows:

[0354] -DSR: The DSR data packet may be set to one of the following values:

[0355] i) 0x00-DSR / nak: indicates that the last received data packet of the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 was rejected.

[0356] ii) 0x33-DSR / poll: Invites the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 to transmit a data packet.

[0357] iii) 0x55-DSR / nd: indicates that the last received data packet of the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 was not expected.

[0358] iv) 0xFF-DSR / ack: Confirms that the last received data packet of the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 has been correctly processed.

[0359] -CAP: The CAP data packet provides information on the function of the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100. The specific contents are as described above.

[0360] - NEGO: The NEGO data packet may request the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 to perform a renegotiation phase.

[0361] The wireless power transmitter 100 and the wireless power receiver 200 may use auxiliary data control (ADC), auxiliary data transport (ADT), and DSR data packets for exchanging application level data.

[0362] That is, in terms of transmission and reception of a data transmission stream for exchanging application level data, the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 can transmit an ADC / ADT to the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 (S1550), and the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 can transmit an ACK / NAK to the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 in response thereto (S1555). In addition, the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 can transmit a DSR to the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 (S1560), and the wireless power transmitting apparatus can transmit an ADC / ADT to the wireless power receiving apparatus (S1565).

[0363] Here, the data transmission stream serves to transmit application level data from a data stream initiator to a data stream responder, and the application level data can be broadly divided into i) authentication applications and ii) proprietary (general purpose) applications.

[0364] Among the application level data, messages / information related to the authentication application can be organized as follows:

[0365] A message used in the authentication procedure is called an authentication message. The authentication message is used to carry information related to authentication. There are two types of authentication messages. One is an authentication request, and the other is an authentication response. The authentication request is sent by an authentication initiator, and the authentication response is sent by an authentication responder. The wireless power transmitting device and the receiving device can be authentication initiators or authentication responders. For example, when the wireless power transmitting device is an authentication initiator, the wireless power receiving device becomes an authentication responder, and when the wireless power receiving device is an authentication initiator, the wireless power transmitting device becomes an authentication responder.

[0366] Authentication request messages include GET_DIGESTS, GET_CERTIFICATE, and CHALLENGE.

[0367] -GET_DIGESTS: This request can be used to retrieve certificate chain digests. The wireless power receiving apparatus 200 can request as many digests as it wants at one time.

[0368] -GET_CERTIFICATE: This request is used to read a segment of the subject certificate chain.

[0369] -CHALLENGE: This challenge can be used to initiate product device authentication of the power transmission device.

[0370] The authentication response message includes DIGESTS, CERTIFICATE, CHALLENGE_AUTH, and ERROR.

[0371] - DIGESTS: The wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 can send a certificate chain digest using a DIGESTS response and report slots that contain valid certificate chain digests.

[0372] - CERTIFICATE: This response can be used by the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 to transmit the requested segment of the certificate chain.

[0373] CHALLENGE_AUTH: The wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 can respond to the CHALLENGE request using CHALLENGE_AUTH.

[0374] -ERROR: This response can be used to transmit error information at the power transmitter.

[0375] The authentication message may be called an authentication packet, or may be called authentication data or authentication control information. Furthermore, messages such as GET_DIGEST and DIGESTS may be called GET_DIGEST packets and DIGEST packets.

[0376] Meanwhile, as described above, the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 and the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 can transmit application level data through a data transmission stream. The application level data transmitted through the data transmission stream can be configured with a data packet sequence having the following structure.

[0377] -Initial ADC data packet that opens the stream.

[0378] i) The message types contained in the stream.

[0379] ii) The number of data bytes in the stream.

[0380] - A series of ADT data packets containing the actual message.

[0381] - Final ADC / end data packet that closes the stream.

[0382] Hereinafter, a data transmission stream for an example in which the above-mentioned ADC, ADT, and ADC / end data packets are used will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0383] FIG. 16 illustrates an application level data stream between a wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 and a wireless power receiving apparatus 200 according to an example.

[0384] Referring to FIG. 16, the data stream may include auxiliary data control (ADC) data packets and / or auxiliary data transport (ADT) data packets.

[0385] The ADC data packet is used to open a data stream. The ADC data packet may indicate the type of message and the number of data bytes contained in the stream, while the ADT data packet is a sequence of data that contains the actual message. The ADC / end data packet is used to signal the end of a stream. For example, the maximum number of data bytes in a data transmission stream may be limited to 2047.

[0386] ACK or NAC (NACK) is used to inform whether the ADC data packet and the ADT data packet are normally received. Between the transmission timing of the ADC data packet and the ADT data packet, control information required for wireless charging, such as a control error packet (CE) or DSR, may be transmitted.

[0387] Using such a data stream structure, authentication-related information or other application-level information may be transmitted and received between the wireless power transmitting device and the receiving device.

[0388] An example for understanding the operations between the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 and the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 in the power transmission phase 840 will be described below.

[0389] FIG. 17 illustrates a power control method according to one embodiment.

[0390] 17, in the power transmission phase, the wireless power transmitting apparatus 100 and the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 can control the amount of power to be transmitted by communicating in parallel with power transmission and reception. The wireless power transmitting apparatus and the wireless power receiving apparatus operate at a specific control point. The control point indicates a combination of voltage and current provided at the output of the wireless power receiving apparatus when power transmission is performed.

[0391] In more detail, the wireless power receiving device selects a desired control point, such as a desired output current / voltage, a temperature at a specific location of the mobile device, and additionally determines an actual control point currently operating. The wireless power receiving device can calculate a control error value using the desired control point and the actual control point, and transmit the control error value as a control error packet to the wireless power transmitting device.

[0392] Then, the wireless power transmitter can control power transfer by setting / controlling new operating points - amplitude, frequency and duty cycle - using the received control error packet. Thus, the control error packet is transmitted / received at a certain time interval during the power transfer stage, and as an example, the wireless power receiver can transmit a control error value set to a negative number when trying to reduce the current of the wireless power transmitter, and a control error value set to a positive number when trying to increase the current. In this way, in the induction mode, the wireless power receiver can control power transfer by transmitting a control error packet to the wireless power transmitter.

[0393] The resonant mode may operate in a different manner from the inductive mode. In the resonant mode, one wireless power transmitter must serve multiple wireless power receivers simultaneously. However, when controlling power transmission as in the inductive mode, it may be difficult to control power transmission to additional wireless power receivers because the transmitted power is controlled by communication with one wireless power receiver. Therefore, in the resonant mode of this specification, the wireless power transmitters transmit a basic power in common, and the wireless power receivers control the amount of power they receive by controlling their own resonant frequencies. However, even in such an operation in the resonant mode, the method described in FIG. 17 is not completely excluded, and additional transmission power control may be performed in the manner of FIG. 17.

[0394] <Profile-related actions>

[0395] There are two types of wireless charging methods: the magnetic induction method, which uses the magnetic induction phenomenon between a primary coil and a secondary coil, and the magnetic resonance method, which transmits power by performing magnetic resonance using frequencies in the range of several tens of kHz to several MHz. Here, the wireless charging standard for the magnetic resonance method is led by a council called A4WP, and the magnetic induction method is led by the standardization of the WPC (Wireless Power Consortium). Here, the WPC is designed to be able to transmit and receive various status information and commands related to the wireless charging system in-band.

[0396] The WPC standard defines the baseline power profile (BPP) and the extended power profile (EPP). The following describes the BPP and EPP.

[0397] A.BPP(baseline power profile)

[0398] BPP is a power transfer profile between a wireless power transmitter and a receiver that supports power transmission up to 5W. BPP supports unidirectional communication from the wireless power receiver to the wireless power transmitter. The communication method at this time can support ASK (amplitude shift keying). BPP has protocol phases for Ping, configuration, and power transfer.

[0399] B.EPP(extended power profile)

[0400] EPP is a power transfer profile between a wireless power transmitter and a receiver that supports power transmission up to 15W. EPP supports bidirectional communication between a wireless power receiver and a wireless power transmitter. The communication method from the wireless power receiver to the wireless power transmitter can support ASK (amplitude shift keying), and the communication method from the wireless power transmitter to the wireless power receiver can support FSK (frequency shift keying). EPP has protocol phases of Ping, configuration, negotiation, and power transfer.

[0401] (a) EPP compatibility

[0402] The EPP can correspond to a higher profile of the BPP.

[0403] For example, if a BPP wireless power receiver is disposed on an EPP wireless power transmitter, the EPP wireless power transmitter can operate as a BPP wireless power transmitter.

[0404] For example, if an EPP wireless power receiver is disposed on a BPP wireless power transmitter, the EPP wireless power receiver can operate as a BPP wireless power receiver.

[0405] That is, the EPP can maintain compatibility with the BPP.

[0406] (b) EPP indication method for EPP wireless power receiver

[0407] An EPP wireless power receiver can indicate that it is an EPP wireless power receiver by setting the “neg” bit in a configuration packet (ieCFG) to 1. A specific example of the configuration packet is described above.

[0408] (c) EPP indication method of EPP wireless power transmitter

[0409] If the EPP wireless power transmitter receives a configuration packet with the "neg" bit set to 1 from the wireless power receiver, the EPP wireless power transmitter can respond to this with an ACK FSK bit pattern to the wireless power receiver.

[0410] For reference, as mentioned above, the BPP wireless power transmitter does not support the FSK communication method, so the BPP wireless power transmitter cannot transmit the FSK bit pattern. Therefore, an EPP wireless power receiver that sets the "neg" bit to 1 and transmits a configuration packet to the BPP wireless power transmitter cannot receive the ACK response, so it can identify that the other wireless power transmitter is a BPP wireless power transmitter.

[0411] Meanwhile, the wireless power transfer system is trying to provide new power transfer profiles, and one of the proposed power transfer profiles is MPP (magnetic power profile). MPP can support Apple's proprietary extensions based on Qiv1.3.0.

[0412] C.MPP(magnet power profile)

[0413] MPP is a power transfer profile between a wireless power transmitter and a receiver that supports power transmission up to 15W. In addition, MPP supports bidirectional communication between a wireless power receiver and a wireless power transmitter. The communication method from the wireless power receiver to the wireless power transmitter can support ASK (amplitude shift keying), and the communication method from the wireless power transmitter to the wireless power receiver can support FSK (frequency shift keying). In this case, fast FSK (NCYCLE=128) can be used during the negotiation and power transfer phases.

[0414] MPP has the following protocol phases: Ping, Configuration, MPP Negotiation, and MPP Power Transfer.

[0415] (a) MPP compatibility

[0416] MPP can correspond to higher profiles of BPP.

[0417] For example, if a BPP wireless power receiver is disposed on an MPP wireless power transmitter, the MPP wireless power transmitter can operate as a BPP wireless power transmitter.

[0418] For example, if an MPP wireless power receiver is disposed on a BPP wireless power transmitter, the MPP wireless power receiver can operate as a BPP wireless power receiver.

[0419] That is, MPP can maintain compatibility with BPP.

[0420] (b) MPP operation of MPP wireless power receiver (MPP indication method)

[0421] An MPP wireless power receiver can use a specific MPP indicator in the extended ID packet.

[0422] In order for the MPP wireless power receiver to inform the wireless power transmitter of the support of MPP through the XID, the wireless power receiver needs to inform the wireless power transmitter that the XID will be transmitted through the ID packet. The ID packet transmitted by the MPP wireless power receiver may be as follows.

[0423] FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of an MPP ID packet.

[0424] According to FIG. 18, in the MPP ID packet, the values ​​of the major version fields b4-b7 of B0 can be set to 1.

[0425] In the MPP ID packet, the values ​​of the minor version fields b0-b3 of B0 may be values ​​to be determined later.

[0426] In the MPP ID packet, the B1 and B2 manufacture code values ​​can be assigned to the PRMC code.

[0427] In the MPP ID packet, the value of the “ext” field in b7 of B3 can be set to 1 to indicate that an XID packet is to be additionally sent.

[0428] In the MPP ID packet, the values ​​of the random identifier fields b0 to b6 of B3, b4, and b3 to b7 of B5 can be set according to a random device identification policy.

[0429] FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an XID packet in MPP.

[0430] According to FIG. 19, an XID packet in MPP may include an "XID Selector" field, a "Restricted" field, a "Freq Mask" field, and the like.

[0431] Here, whether or not MPP is supported can be determined depending on whether the value of 'XID Selector' is 0xFE. That is, when the value of B_0 of XID is 0xFE, the XID at this time may correspond to information indicating that the wireless power receiver supports MPP.

[0432] The "Restricted" field may correspond to information indicating whether the wireless power receiver operates in MPP restricted mode or MPP full mode. If the wireless power receiver selects to operate in MPP restricted mode, the field may be set to 1. On the other hand, in other cases (e.g., if the wireless power receiver selects not to operate in MPP restricted mode), the field may be set to 0.

[0433] The "Preferred Frequency" field can mean the MPP preferred frequency, where the wireless power receiver can set this field to 128kHz if it is willing to retrieve information from the wireless power transmitter before frequency switching (in the negotiation phase), otherwise the wireless power receiver can set this field to 360kHz.

[0434] The "Freq Mask" field may correspond to a field for determining whether an operating frequency of 360 kHz is supported, i.e., if the "Freq Mask" field is set to 0, 360 kHz is supported.

[0435] In summary, the wireless power transmitter determines whether the “ext” bit of the ID received from the wireless power receiver is set to 1, and determines whether B_0 of the XID is set to 0xFE, so that the wireless power transmitter can determine whether the wireless power receiver supports MPP.

[0436] (c) MPP operation of MPP wireless power transmitter (MPP instruction method)

[0437] After sensing the placement of a wireless power receiver on the charging surface, the MPP wireless power transmitter can perform a digital Ping using the information contained in the ID and XID packets to identify the receiver.

[0438] Here, the wireless power transmitter can determine that the wireless power receiver supports MPP if all of the following conditions are met.

[0439] - Qi Version: The Qi protocol version in the ID packet is set to (Major=1, Minor=TBD) or higher.

[0440] -MPP support announcement: The lower header (byte 0) of the XID packet is set to the MPP selector.

[0441] If the above two conditions are not met, the wireless power transmitter may proceed with subsequent procedures according to the Qiv1.3 specification.

[0442] Meanwhile, depending on the MPP operating mode requested by the MPP wireless power receiver in the XID packet, the wireless power transmitter performs the following.

[0443] -Restricted profile activation (MPP restricted mode): When the "restricted" flag is set to 1.

[0444] -Full profile activation (MPP full mode): When the 'restricted' flag is set to 0.

[0445] Specific examples for the restricted profile and the full profile will be described later.

[0446] On the other hand, if the MPP wireless power transmitter receives a configuration packet with the “neg” bit set to 1 from the wireless power receiver, the MPP wireless power transmitter can respond to this with an MPP ACK FSK bit pattern to the wireless power receiver (in MPP full mode).

[0447] For reference, the wireless power transmitter in MPP limited mode does not support the FSK communication method, so the wireless power transmitter in MPP limited mode cannot transmit the FSK bit pattern. However, since the wireless power transmitter in MPP limited mode uses an operation signal of 360 kHz for power transmission, the MPP wireless power receiver that sets the 'neg' bit to 1 and transmits a setting packet to the wireless power transmitter operating in MPP limited mode can identify that the other wireless power transmitter is a wireless power transmitter in MPP limited mode through the operation frequency.

[0448] (d) MPP mode

[0449] On the other hand, there are two modes in MPP: one is MPP Restricted mode (or MPP Baseline profile) and the other is MPP Full mode (or MPP Full profile).

[0450] The simple difference between the two is that in MPP restricted mode the "restricted" field in the XID is set to 1, while in MPP full mode the "restricted" field in the XID is set to 0.

[0451] Also, FSK communication is not supported in MPP restricted mode, but is supported in MPP full mode.

[0452] Furthermore, since FSK communication is not supported in MPP restricted mode, MPP ACK for CFG cannot be sent, and therefore MPP negotiation is not supported in MPP restricted mode, whereas FSK communication is supported in MPP full mode, and therefore MPP ACK for CFG can be sent, and therefore MPP negotiation is supported in MPP full mode.

[0453] The MPP restricted mode and the MPP full mode will be described in more detail below. Here, the MPP restricted mode can be mixed with the MPP baseline profile, and the MPP full mode can be mixed with the MPP full profile.

[0454] In the following, in order to provide a thorough understanding of the MPP restricted mode and the MPP full mode, the protocols in each mode will be described in more detail.

[0455] i) MPP Restricted mode

[0456] As mentioned above, FSK communication is not supported in MPP limited mode. That is, in MPP limited mode, there may be no data packets transmitted from the wireless power transmitter to the wireless power receiver. Under such a background, the protocol in MPP limited mode will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0457] FIG. 20 shows a schematic diagram of the protocol in the MPP restricted mode.

[0458] According to Fig. 20, the wireless power receiver can transmit a SIG to the wireless power transmitter on a first operating frequency (e.g., 128 kHz). At this time, the first operating frequency can correspond to an operating frequency at which the BPP and / or EPP can be executed. And, at this time, the first operating frequency can correspond to a frequency at which the wireless power transmitter operates.

[0459] The wireless power receiver can transmit an ID packet to the wireless power transmitter on the first operating frequency, and since an XID is always transmitted in MPP, the “ext” bit of the ID can be set to 1 to indicate that an XID will be transmitted further.

[0460] The wireless power receiver can transmit an XID packet on the first operating frequency to the wireless power transmitter.

[0461] At this time, the value of B0 in the XID is 0xFE, and if the value of B0 in the XID is set to 0xFE, this may correspond to information indicating that the wireless power receiver supports MPP. In addition, the 'restricted' field in the XID may be set to 1 to indicate that the wireless power receiver operates in the MPP restricted mode.

[0462] Now, if the wireless power transmitter receives said XID packet indicating the MPP restricted mode, the wireless power transmitter can remove the power signal and restart the Ping phase at the new operating frequency.

[0463] When the Ping phase is restarted, the wireless power receiver starts transmitting the SIG again, but at the second operating frequency (e.g., 360 kHz).

[0464] After that, the wireless power receiver transmits the ID, XID, and CFG packets to the wireless power transmitter at the second operating frequency, respectively. At the same time, the wireless power receiver transmits the CEP to the wireless power transmitter, thereby receiving wireless power based on the MPP baseline from the wireless power transmitter.

[0465] ii) MPP Full mode

[0466] As mentioned above, FSK communication is supported in MPP full mode. That is, in MPP full mode, there is a data packet transmitted from the wireless power transmitter to the wireless power receiver. In other words, MPP negotiation can proceed between the wireless power transmitter and the wireless power receiver. Under this background, the protocol in MPP full mode will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0467] 21 and 22 are schematic diagrams showing the protocol in the MPP full mode.

[0468] First, referring to Fig. 21, the wireless power receiver can transmit a SIG to the wireless power transmitter on a first operating frequency (e.g., 128kHz). At this time, the first operating frequency can correspond to an operating frequency at which the BPP and / or EPP can be executed. And, at this time, the first operating frequency can correspond to a frequency at which the wireless power transmitter operates.

[0469] The wireless power receiver can transmit an ID packet to the wireless power transmitter on the first operating frequency, and since an XID is always transmitted in MPP, the “ext” bit of the ID can be set to 1 to indicate that an XID will be transmitted further.

[0470] The wireless power receiver can transmit an XID packet on the first operating frequency to the wireless power transmitter.

[0471] At this time, the value of B0 in the XID is 0xFE, and if the value of B0 in the XID is set to 0xFE, this may correspond to information indicating that the wireless power receiver supports MPP. In addition, the 'restricted' field in the XID may be set to 0 to indicate that the wireless power receiver operates in MPP full mode.

[0472] Meanwhile, in MPP full mode, unlike MPP limited mode, the wireless power transmitter does not remove the power signal even if it receives an XID packet from the wireless power receiver. In this case, the wireless power receiver still does not remove the power signal, so it transmits a CFG packet after the XID packet to the wireless power transmitter.

[0473] The wireless power receiver can then receive an MPP ACK from the wireless power transmitter in response to the CFG packet.

[0474] Having received the MPP ACK, the wireless power receiver enters into a negotiation phase with the wireless power transmitter, and both the wireless power receiver and the wireless power transmitter can proceed with the negotiation.

[0475] After the negotiation has progressed, the wireless power receiver can enter into a power transfer phase with the wireless power transmitter.

[0476] Meanwhile, the wireless power receiver transmits an EPT packet to the wireless power transmitter, which then removes its power signal and can restart the Ping phase at the new operating frequency.

[0477] 22, when the Ping phase is restarted, the wireless power receiver starts again with the transmission of the SIG, but the operating frequency at this time may be the second operating frequency (e.g., 360 kHz).

[0478] After that, the wireless power receiver transmits ID, XID, and CFG packets to the wireless power transmitter respectively at the second operating frequency, and the wireless power receiver can receive MPP ACK from the wireless power transmitter.

[0479] Having received the MPP ACK, the wireless power receiver enters into a negotiation phase with the wireless power transmitter at the second operating frequency, and both the wireless power receiver and the wireless power transmitter can proceed with the negotiation.

[0480] After the negotiation is completed, the wireless power receiver enters into a power transfer phase with the wireless power transmitter at the second operating frequency. In addition, the wireless power receiver can receive wireless power based on the MPP full mode from the wireless power transmitter by transmitting an XCE to the wireless power transmitter and receiving a response thereto (e.g., receiving an ACK).

[0481] The present specification will be described in more detail below.

[0482] An example of differential bi-phase encoding will now be described.

[0483] FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of an example of differential bi-phase encoding.

[0484] According to FIG. 23, the wireless power transmitter can arrange each data bit based on 512 cycles of the power signal frequency (NCYCLE=512).

[0485] For example, a wireless power transmitter can use two transitions to represent a one, and one transition to represent a zero.

[0486] That is, the wireless power transmitter may indicate, for example, a 1 based on two transitions in 256 cycle units, and the wireless power transmitter may indicate, for example, a 0 based on one transition in 512 cycle units.

[0487] In summary, the communication method of the WPC wireless charging standard is FSK / ASK, and FSK can be used for communication transmitted from PTx to PRx.

[0488] As shown in the figure, FSK can recognize 512 cycles with one bit. If there is one transition within one bit, which is 512 cycles, as shown in the figure, it is recognized as a 0 bit, and if a transition occurs every 256 cycles within one bit, for a total of two transitions, it is recognized as a 1.

[0489] FIG. 24 shows a schematic diagram of an example of an asynchronous serial format.

[0490] According to Figure 24, the wireless power transmitter can use an 11-bit asynchronous serial format to transmit one data byte. This format can consist of a start bit, 8 data bits of the byte, a parity bit, and a single stop bit. Here, the start bit can be ZERO, and the stop bit can be ONE.

[0491] That is, Fig. 24 describes the bit recognition method of FSK communication. A byte of the wireless charging standard can be configured through a total of 11 bits. Here, the first bit can be a START BIT (the start bit is always fixed to 0). The next 8 bits represent data. After that, there is a parity bit and a STOP BIT. Here, the stop bit is always fixed to 1.

[0492] FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a data packet structure.

[0493] According to Fig. 25, a wireless power transmitter can communicate with a wireless power receiver using a data packet. A data packet can consist of a series of bytes that the wireless power transmitter needs to send in a continuous sequence. That is, there may be no pause between two consecutive bytes. As shown in Fig. 25, a data packet can consist of three parts: a header, a message, and a checksum. Here, the header, message, and checksum can consist of an encoded sequence of three or more bytes.

[0494] The wireless power receiver may determine that a data packet has been successfully received if:

[0495] - If the wireless power receiver cannot detect a parity error in the bytes that make up the data packet, which includes the header bytes, message bytes and checksum bytes.

[0496] - When the wireless power receiver detects the stop bit of the checksum byte.

[0497] - If the wireless power receiver determines that the checksum bytes match.

[0498] If the wireless power receiver fails to successfully receive a data packet, the wireless power receiver may discard the data packet and not use the information contained therein.

[0499] Meanwhile, the header will be described with reference to the drawings as follows.

[0500] FIG. 26 shows a schematic of example header types and corresponding message sizes.

[0501] According to Figure 26, the header may consist of a single byte indicating the data packet type. The header may also implicitly provide the size of the message contained in the data packet. Here, the number of bytes of the message may be calculated based on the value contained in the data packet header. In other words, the header may indicate the size of the message (payload).

[0502] Here, the method for calculating the size of a message is as follows.

[0503] As shown in Figure 26, the number of header values ​​that can be expressed as one byte corresponds to 2^8. That is, a header having a size of one byte can indicate values ​​from 0 to 255, for example.

[0504] For example, the maximum value that can be expressed as a header with a size of 1 byte corresponds to the case where the header has a value of 0xFF, and the value indicated by the header at this time corresponds to 255 when expressed in decimal.

[0505] If the header indicates 255, which is the maximum value it can indicate, the size of the message that can be derived based on the value indicated by the header can be determined based on 20 + (header (= 255) - 224) / 4. Here, 20 + (255 - 224) / 4 is calculated to obtain a value of 27.75. Considering that the size of the message is ultimately determined by an integer value obtained by truncating the value obtained from the above formula, the size of the message can be determined to be 27 bytes based on the header value indicating 255, which is the maximum value it can represent.

[0506] On the other hand, for messages, the wireless power transmitter needs to ensure that the message included in the data packet matches the data packet type indicated in the header, and the first byte of the message, byte B0, can be located immediately after the header.

[0507] Finally, regarding the checksum, the checksum can consist of a single byte that allows the wireless power receiver to check for transmission errors. Here, the wireless power transmitter can calculate the checksum as follows:

[0508] [Formula 1]

number

[0509] where C is the calculated checksum, H is the header byte, and B0, B1, ..., Blast are the message bytes.

[0510] If the calculated checksum C and the checksum bytes included in the data packet are not the same, the wireless power receiver can determine that the checksums do not match.

[0511] In summary, the data packet structure via FSK communication for wireless charging is as shown in the drawing. As described above, the data packet can be composed of a header, a message, and a checksum. The header and the checksum can each be composed of 1 byte. The header includes a method for expressing the size of the message from 0x00-0x1F / 0x20-0x7F / 0x80-0xDF / 0xE0-0xFF. Therefore, as described above, the header can express a size value from 1 to 27.

[0512] Meanwhile, each of the wireless power transmitter and the wireless power receiver can transmit a data transmission stream to the other in the power transfer phase, where the data transmission stream can include, for example, ADC packets and / or ADT packets, etc. The following describes the ADT packets in more detail.

[0513] FIG. 27 shows a schematic diagram of an example of an ADT packet.

[0514] 27, the ADT data packet conveys application data of a data transmission stream at a power receiver or a power transmitter. Here, ADT data packet sizes from 1 to 7 can be used. Of course, the ADT data packet size can be larger than 1 to 7.

[0515] In this case, the ADT data packets for each size can be used with odd and even headers. For example, if the size of the ADT data packet is 7 bytes, there are 7-byte ADT data packets with odd headers and 7-byte ADT data packets with even headers.

[0516] As an example, the ADT packet of the wireless power transmitter will be described in more detail below.

[0517] <ADT packet of wireless power transmitter>

[0518] Here, the ADT packet may include a data field, which is as follows:

[0519] Data fields: may be appropriately defined by the application layer.

[0520] The subsequent DSR data packet is as follows: That is, the following packet exists as a response to the wireless power transmitter's ADT data packet.

[0521] - DSR / ack: The wireless power receiver successfully processed the packet data.

[0522] - DSR / nak: The wireless power receiver received the last power transmitter data packet but was unable to process the data in the packet. For example, the wireless power receiver can use this response if it is busy or unable to buffer the data.

[0523] -DSR / nd: The wireless power receiver has no incoming data transport stream open.

[0524] -DSR / poll: The wireless power receiver did not receive the last power transmitter data packet.

[0525] That is, DSR / poll is a packet that the wireless power receiver sends to the wireless power transmitter. DSR / poll can mean permission to send a packet (following a packet that has already been sent or a packet to be sent) to the wireless power transmitter. That is, as described above, DSR / poll can invite the wireless power transmitter to send a data packet.

[0526] <ADT packet of wireless power receiver>

[0527] Here, the ADT packet may include a data field, which is as follows:

[0528] Data fields: may be appropriately defined by the application layer.

[0529] The wireless power receiver's response to the ADT data packet is as follows:

[0530] -ACK: The wireless power transmitter successfully processes the data of the packet.

[0531] -NAK: The wireless power transmitter cannot process the data in the packet.

[0532] -ND: The wireless power transmitter has no incoming data transport stream open.

[0533] -ATN: A wireless power transmitter requests permission for communication.

[0534] In summary, TPL (Transport Layer) can mean an algorithm for transmitting data in wireless charging. Here, a data stream can be opened / closed via an ADC packet. When a data stream is open, the wireless power transmitter and / or wireless power receiver can transmit actual data to the other party by sending an ADT packet to the other party. The ADT can be composed of data. The ADT can be divided into Even / Odd by the header. And the current ADT packet size can be composed of 1 byte to 7 bytes.

[0535] On the other hand, as explained above, the wireless charging standard WPC Qi provides an authentication function.

[0536] Authentication is a procedure to check whether the other device has actually acquired Qi certification, a standard of the standards organization, and is a method to check the presence or absence of a standard product. For authentication, the wireless power transmitter and wireless power receiver can exchange data related to authentication with each other through IB (Inband) communication. The wireless power transmitter and wireless power receiver can send and receive data to each other through the transport layer.

[0537] At this time, the wireless power transmitter can send a certificate to the wireless power receiver, and in the process of sending the certificate, the wireless power transmitter can transmit a large amount of data to the wireless power receiver, and the wireless power transmitter can use FSK to transmit a data stream to the wireless power receiver.

[0538] Here, the reason for using FSK is that there may be a difference in speed between the communication speed from the wireless power transmitter to the wireless power receiver and the communication speed from the wireless power receiver to the wireless power transmitter. Therefore, FSK, which can be used for communication from the wireless power transmitter to the wireless power receiver, has a relatively slower speed than ASK, which can be used for communication from the wireless power receiver to the wireless power transmitter.

[0539] In addition, Fast FSK is provided on the physical layer to improve communication speeds in both directions.

[0540] However, a substantial increase in speed cannot be achieved by using only fast FSK on the physical layer as described above.

[0541] Therefore, although the communication speed on the physical layer can be increased through Fast FSK, if the data transmission algorithm on the transport layer is not changed, there is a limit to how much the actual communication speed can be increased, because the in-band speed of communication and the data communication speed may differ from each other.

[0542] That is, it is as follows.

[0543] The FSK speed at the physical layer can be improved through the fast FSK method that adjusts the number of Ncycles (the number of cycles to express one bit) (i.e., one bit was defined as 512 cycles, but has since been reduced to 256, 128, 64, etc.). However, the current specifications fix the size of the ADT packet to 7 bytes. Accordingly, even if the FSK communication speed at the actual physical layer improves, the data communication speed from the TPL side does not improve. Therefore, the actual data communication speed may not improve.

[0544] In this specification, a configuration for increasing the ADT size by applying fast FSK is provided, and the extent to which the ADT size should be increased is also provided through various experimental results.

[0545] The following drawings are created to explain a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices and names of specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0546] FIG. 28 is a flow chart of a method for wireless power transfer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0547] According to FIG. 28, the wireless power transmitter may enter a power transfer phase associated with transferring wireless power (S2810).

[0548] As explained above, the power transfer phase 840 is the part of the protocol where actual power is transmitted to the load of the wireless power receiver 200. Here, the power transfer can proceed according to the terms of the power transfer agreement created in the negotiation phase 830.

[0549] The wireless power transmitter 100 and the wireless power receiver 200 can exchange application level data throughout the power transfer phase 840 from the data transmission stream.

[0550] Here, the contents of the wireless power transmitter transmitting the data transport stream to the wireless power receiver via the ADC, ADT, etc. are as described above. And the contents of the wireless power receiver transmitting the data transport stream to the wireless power transmitter via the ADC, ADT, etc. are also as described above.

[0551] A specific example of the power transfer phase is the same as that described above, and the repeated content will be omitted.

[0552] The wireless power transmitter may transmit an auxiliary data transport (ADT) packet to the wireless power receiver in the power transfer phase (S2820). The wireless power transmitter may transmit the ADT packet to the wireless power receiver based on frequency shift keying (FSK). Here, a maximum size of the ADT packet may be determined based on a number of cycles used in the FSK.

[0553] According to this specification, the wireless power transmitter (and / or wireless power receiver) can transmit an ADT packet to a counterpart using FSK. That is, although a normal wireless power receiver can transmit an ADT packet to a counterpart based on ASK, this specification can provide an example in which the wireless power receiver transmits an ADT packet to a counterpart using not only ASK but also FSK. In this case, if the subject of transmission of the ADT packet is a wireless power transmitter, the counterpart can be a wireless power receiver, and if the subject of transmission of the ADT packet is a wireless power receiver, the counterpart can be a wireless power transmitter.

[0554] Here, the wireless power transmitter can perform FSK communication by varying the number of cycles constituting one bit. Specifically, the wireless power transmitter can perform FSK communication based on any one of the number of cycles of 512, 256, 128, or 64.

[0555] At this time, the number of cycles is set to the wireless power transmitter from the wireless power receiver. More specifically, the wireless power transmitter may receive a specific request (SRQ) packet from the wireless power receiver. At this time, the SRQ packet may include information regarding the number of cycles. Here, the wireless power transmitter may receive the SRQ packet in a negotiation phase or a renegotiation phase.

[0556] As explained above, if the existing FSK signal expressed in 512 cycles per bit is expressed in 256 / 128 / 64 cycles per bit, Fast FSK can be achieved. In the following, we will discuss the data rate improvement in the TPL related to the speed improvement in the physical layer for Fast FSK.

[0557] First, the extension of the ADT packet size will be described.

[0558] 1. ADT packet size expansion

[0559] FIG. 29 is an example showing ADT packet sizes up to 7 bytes.

[0560] According to FIG. 29, the ADT header and its corresponding bytes are as follows:

[0561] -0x16 / 0x17: ADT / 1e, ADT / 1o (1 byte ADT even / odd)

[0562] -0x26 / 0x27:ADT / 2e,ADT / 2o(2 bytes ADT even / odd)

[0563] -0x36 / 0x37:ADT / 3e,ADT / 3o(3 bytes ADT even / odd)

[0564] -0x46 / 0x47:ADT / 4e,ADT / 4o(4 bytes ADT even / odd)

[0565] -0x56 / 0x57:ADT / 5e,ADT / 5o(5 bytes ADT even / odd)

[0566] -0x66 / 0x67:ADT / 6e,ADT / 6o(6 bytes ADT even / odd)

[0567] -0x76 / 0x77:ADT / 7e,ADT / 7o(7 bytes ADT even / odd)

[0568] On the other hand, as described above, fast FSK is provided. Therefore, in this specification, a configuration is provided in which the ADT size is increased to transmit more data from the wireless power transmitter (or the wireless power receiver) to the wireless power receiver (or the wireless power transmitter) at the same time.

[0569] In this case, the size of the ADT packet may not be determined to an arbitrary number.

[0570] This is because the ADT packet corresponds to a data packet as described above. Therefore, the size of the ADT packet is not determined to be an arbitrary number. The size of the ADT packet corresponding to a data packet is determined based on the header value as described in FIG.

[0571] The number of 1's in the header value of an ADT packet can be fixed to 6 or 7. For example, if the first digit of the header value of an ADT packet is 6, it is an "even" header, and if the first digit of the header value of an ADT packet is 7, it is an "odd" header.

[0572] Applying the above, the sizes of ADT packets larger than 7 bytes are summarized as follows:

[0573] FIG. 30 is an example that summarizes ADT packet sizes larger than 7 bytes.

[0574] According to Figure 30, as explained above, the header value has a value of 0x?6 or 0x?7. If the header ends with 6, it may be an "Even ADT" header, and if the header ends with 7, it may be an "Odd ADT" header.

[0575] Here, the size of the extended ADT packet is determined by the rule that determines the size of the existing header and message. Here, the extended ADT packet can be applied to both PRx / PTx together.

[0576] The ADT header and bytes at that time are as follows:

[0577] -0x86 / 0x87: ADT / 8e, ADT / 8o (8 bytes ADT even / odd)

[0578] -0x96 / 0x97: ADT / 10e, ADT / 10o (10 bytes ADT even / odd)

[0579] -0xA6 / 0xA7: ADT / 12e, ADT / 12o (12 bytes ADT even / odd)

[0580] -0xB6 / 0xB7: ADT / 14e, ADT / 14o (14 bytes ADT even / odd)

[0581] -0xC6 / 0xC7:ADT / 16e,ADT / 16o(16 bytes ADT even / odd)

[0582] -0xD6 / 0xD7: ADT / 18e, ADT / 18o (18 bytes ADT even / odd)

[0583] -0xE6 / 0xE7:ADT / 21e,ADT / 21o(21 bytes ADT even / odd)

[0584] -0xF6 / 0xF7:ADT / 25e,ADT / 25o(25 bytes ADT even / odd)

[0585] In summary, the extended ADT packets can be packets with data sizes of 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 21, and 25 bytes, rather than being of any size. Of course, packets with data sizes other than these can be provided (e.g., if a different rule for determining the size of the ADT packets can be determined).

[0586] 2. ADT packet size expansion limit

[0587] The limit to which the ADT size related to fast FSK can be extended will be described below.

[0588] As described above, fast FSK is a method of reducing the number of cycles required to express one bit in the existing FSK signal, which previously required 512 cycles to express one bit, to 256 / 128 / 64 cycles.

[0589] In this specification, an example is provided for limiting the ADT size in the TPL layer algorithm when reducing an FSK signal to 256 / 128 / 64 cycles according to time constraints.

[0590] First, to calculate the limit of the ADT size in cycles, it is necessary to calculate the time required to transmit an ADT packet.

[0591] In this case, assuming that 512 cycles are required to express one bit, the transmission time for each ADT packet size is summarized in the table below.

[0592] [Table 2]

[0593] The method of calculating the transmission time as described above will be described in more detail below.

[0594] For convenience of explanation, a case where the size of an ADT packet is 7 bytes will be explained as a representative example.

[0595] - Based on ADT 7 bytes, it consists of Header (1 byte) + Message (ADT / 7e, 7 bytes) + checksum (1 byte) (total 9 bytes)

[0596] -Wireless charging is within 110khz-148khz. Calculations are based on the slowest 110khz and fastest 148khz (message transmission speed).

[0597] Example) 512 cycles*11 bits*9 bytes=50688 cycles (ADT / 7 standard) -> 50688 cycles / 110Khz=460.8ms (excluding Preamble)

[0598] The above calculation method can also be applied to ADT packets having other sizes.

[0599] For example, the packet time can be expressed by the following formula:

[0600] [Formula 2] data_bits=11*(data_bytes+2) packet_time=(NCYCLE / FOP)*data_bits=(NCYCLE / FOP)*{11*(data_bytes+2)} ADT_Bytes=floor{(520ms*FOP) / (11*NCYCLE)-2}

[0601] Here, NCYCLE may mean the number of cycles, FOP may mean the operating frequency, 'data_bits' may mean the number of bits of the corresponding byte, and 'Data_bytes' may indicate the size of a byte.

[0602] [Table 3]

[0603] On the other hand, taking into consideration the packet time as described above, the required time according to the cycle and ADT packet size at a drive frequency of 110 kHz is summarized in the table below.

[0604] [Table 4]

[0605] In the table, the bolded parts correspond to cases that have the same or shorter time than the time taken for an ADT size of 7 bytes at 512 cycles.

[0606] In the following, we explain why we mark cases that have a time shorter than an ADT of 7 bytes based on the ADT size of 7 bytes.

[0607] In the power transfer phase in which the ADT packet is transmitted, the wireless power transmitter receives a CE packet for power control from the wireless power receiver as described above. In addition, there is a time rule that the CE interval is included in the CE packet transmitted from the wireless power receiver to the wireless power transmitter.

[0608] FIG. 31 shows a schematic diagram of an example for a control error (CE) interval.

[0609] According to Fig. 31, the CE interval may correspond to the time constraint in the wireless power receiver. The CE interval is represented by the symbol t_interval. In this case, when the wireless power transmitter and the wireless power receiver are both Qi1.3 version or higher and the extended protocol is applied, the maximum value of the CE interval may be 700 ms. In other cases, the maximum value of the CE interval may be 350 ms.

[0610] In summary, if the Qi version for TPL is v1.3 or higher, the “Control error interval” can be extended from the existing 350ms to 700ms.

[0611] Here, the ADT packet needs to be transmitted within a CE packet interval (eg, 700 ms), that is, the size of the ADT packet may depend on the CE packet interval.

[0612] At this time, when the number of cycles used in FSK is 512 as in the current case, the packet that can transmit data within the CE interval corresponds to an ADT packet with a size of 7 bytes, i.e., an ADT packet with a size larger than ADT / 7e or ADT / 7o cannot be transmitted.

[0613] Specifically, an actual ADT 7-byte message packet is only 460 ms (excluding preamble), but when control time and / or cep packet time are taken into consideration, an ADT packet of 7 bytes or more cannot be transmitted.

[0614] For example, as shown in FIG. 34 and FIG. 35, if Margin 1 / Margin 2 is calculated as 120 ms+50 ms or more, the ADT that can be transmitted within 700 ms can have a maximum size of 7 bytes.

[0615] For a clearer understanding of the specification, the time required for data communication between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver and the associated ADT size will be described below.

[0616] 1) Data communication from PRx to PTx

[0617] FIG. 32 shows an example of data communication from a wireless power receiver to a wireless power transmitter.

[0618] According to FIG. 32, the time can be calculated as follows:

[0619] Time calculation (@110khz standard) ≦700ms: CE packet(22ms)+Tdelay(5ms~)+ Tcontrol(24ms~)+ ADTpacket + Tresponse(3-10ms)+ ACK(38ms)+ Tsilent(6ms~)

[0620] Considering the above time calculation, theoretically, an ADT packet cannot exceed 7 or 8 bytes (based on 512 FSK cycles).

[0621] 2) Data communication from PTx to PRx

[0622] FIG. 33 shows an example of data communication from a wireless power transmitter to a wireless power receiver.

[0623] According to FIG. 33, the time can be calculated as follows.

[0624] Time calculation (@110khz reference) ≤ 700ms: CE packet (22ms) + Tdelay (5ms~) + Tactive (21ms~) + DSR / ack (22ms) + Tresponse (3 - 10ms) + ADT packet + Tsilent (6ms~)

[0625] Considering the above time calculation, theoretically, the ADT packet cannot exceed 7 or 8 bytes or more. (Based on 512 cycles of FSK cycles)

[0626] The above-described time calculation corresponds to the calculation assuming the minimum value of the time requirement in the specification. Therefore, in an actual product, an actual margin for driving can be assumed. Therefore, it is difficult for a packet with an ADT size exceeding 7 bytes to be transmitted during the 700ms corresponding to the CEP interval. Therefore, under the assumption of 512 cycles, the ADT payload of 7 bytes can be considered as the maximum byte size during the 700ms corresponding to the CEP interval.

[0627] <When the CE interval is supported up to a maximum of 700ms>

[0628] Applying the examples described so far and assuming a driving frequency of 110khz, the maximum ADT size is summarized as shown in the following table.

[0629]

Table 5

[0630] In the table above, the bolded parts correspond to cases where the time required is the same or shorter than the time required for an ADT size of 7 bytes in 512 cycles. The underlined parts correspond to cases where the maximum bytes can be increased depending on the implementation, even if the time required is longer than the time required for an ADT size of 7 bytes.

[0631] Based on the slowest drive frequency of 110 kHz, and taking into consideration the CE interval (700 ms when TPL is applied), it is possible to transmit an ADT size of up to 7 bytes (or 8 bytes) based on 512 cycles.

[0632] -By reducing the FSK cycles to 256 cycles and changing the physical layer of Fast FSK, the ADT size can be extended to a limit of 16 bytes (or 21 bytes).

[0633] -If the FSK cycles are reduced to 128 cycles / 64 cycles and a Fast FSK physical layer is applied, the ADT size can be extended up to a maximum of 25 bytes.

[0634] -For cycles between 512 cycles and 256 cycles, do not transmit ADT size that does not exceed ADT7 bytes based on 512 cycles. (For example, for 384 cycles, do not use ADT payload more than 12 bytes.) (Maximum ADT payload can be extended up to 18 bytes considering margin)

[0635] The maximum ADT size assuming a drive frequency of 148 kHz is as shown in the table below.

[0636] [Table 6]

[0637] In the above table, boldface corresponds to cases having a time equal to or shorter than the time for a 10-byte ADT size at 512 cycles. The underlined part corresponds to an example where, even if it takes longer than the time for a 10-byte ADT size, the maximum bytes can be increased depending on the implementation.

[0638] Based on the examples described so far, if the simulation is actually implemented, it is as described in the following drawings.

[0639] Figure 34 shows the result of simulating an example of ADT transmission using 512 Cycles-based FSK.

[0640] According to Figure 34, assuming FSK at 512 cycles, the CEP interval can be fixed at 600 ms. When Margin1 is assumed to be 120 ms and Margin2 is assumed to be 50 ms, a 7-byte ADT packet is transmitted.

[0641] Figure 35 shows the result of simulating an example of ADT transmission using 256 Cycles-based FSK.

[0642] According to Figure 35, assuming FSK at 256 cycles, the CEP interval can be fixed at 700 ms. When Margin 1 is assumed to be 120 ms and Margin 2 is assumed to be 50 ms, an ADT packet having a size larger than 21 bytes is not transmitted. If the Ncycles of FSK is reduced to 256 Cycles or less, it is also possible to transmit an ADT packet of 25 bytes or more, which is the maximum payload, within the CEP interval of 700 ms.

[0643] <When only CE intervals smaller than a maximum of 700 ms are supported>

[0644] When applying Fast FSK, the CEP interval can be set to the existing maximum / target of 350ms or 250ms for fast power control without increasing it to 700ms.

[0645] Therefore, if the CEP interval is increased to 700ms during TPL, it may not be beneficial for power control even though the power control interval increases. In addition, for faster power control, the CEP interval can be advanced to a target of 250ms or a maximum of 350ms. The following can be applied in such a case.

[0646] 1) If the CEP interval is increased to 250 ms,

[0647] If the CEP interval is increased to 250 ms, the ADT size can be defined as follows, taking into account the communication time.

[0648] At an FSK communication speed of 512 cycles, it is possible to transmit 1 byte (or no transmission is possible), at an FSK communication speed of 256 cycles, it is possible to transmit up to 3 bytes, at an FSK communication speed of 128 cycles, it is possible to transmit up to 8 bytes, and at an FSK communication speed of 64 cycles, it is possible to transmit ADT packets of up to 21 bytes.

[0649] [Table 7]

[0650] In the table above, the bolded parts correspond to cases where the time taken is shorter than the time taken for an ADT size of 1 byte in 512 cycles. The underlined parts correspond to cases where the maximum bytes can be increased depending on the implementation, even if the time taken is the same or longer than the time taken for an ADT size of 1 byte.

[0651] 2) If the CEP interval is increased to 350 ms,

[0652] If the CEP interval is increased to 350 ms, the ADT size can be defined as follows, taking into account the communication time.

[0653] At an FSK communication speed of 512 cycles, up to 2 bytes can be transmitted (or up to 3 bytes ADT is possible), at an FSK communication speed of 256 cycles, up to 7 bytes can be transmitted (or up to 8 bytes ADT is possible), at an FSK communication speed of 128 cycles, up to 16 bytes can be transmitted (or up to 18 bytes ADT is possible), and at an FSK communication speed of 64 cycles, up to 25 bytes ADT packet can be transmitted.

[0654] [Table 8]

[0655] In the table above, the bolded parts correspond to cases where the time taken is shorter than the time taken for an ADT size of 3 bytes in 512 cycles. The underlined parts correspond to cases where the maximum bytes can be increased depending on the implementation, even if the time taken is the same or longer than the time taken for an ADT size of 1 byte.

[0656] The embodiments of the present specification described above will be summarized as follows.

[0657] In this specification, the payload of the ADT packet is expanded. The existing ADT size packet, which has a payload of 1-7 bytes, is expanded.

[0658] The extended ADT has payloads of 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 21 and 25 bytes.

[0659] When applying Fast FSK, the extended ADT payload is not applied in its entirety, but only partially.

[0660] Since the CEP interval cannot exceed 700 ms when using TPL, only the applicable size of the ADT payload within 700 ms is sent.

[0661] When the CEP interval is TPL and the existing 250 ms or 350 ms is applied for fast power control, only the size of the ADT payload that takes into account the timing requirement is transmitted.

[0662] Hereinafter, the above-described example of FIG. 28 will be described in another form with reference to the drawings.

[0663] FIG. 36 is a flowchart of a method for transmitting wireless power, showing another example of FIG.

[0664] 36, the wireless power transmitter can receive a specific request (SRQ) packet related to frequency shift keying (FSK) from the wireless power receiver (S3610). Here, the SRQ packet can include information on the number of cycles used for FSK.

[0665] After that, the wireless power transmitter can transmit an ACK for the SRQ packet to the wireless power receiver (S3620).

[0666] The wireless power transmitter may transmit an ADT packet to the wireless power receiver based on the number of cycles (S3630), where a maximum size of the ADT packet may be selected based on the number of cycles.

[0667] The maximum size of the ADT packet can then be determined based on the number of cycles used in the FSK.

[0668] Here, as explained above, the value of the number of cycles can be 512, 256, 128 or 64.

[0669] In this case, the maximum size may be 7 bytes based on the value of the number of cycles being 512. The maximum size may be 16 bytes based on the value of the number of cycles being 256. The maximum size may be 25 bytes based on the value of the number of cycles being 128 or 64.

[0670] Here, as described above, the maximum size may be determined based on the number of cycles and a control error (CE) interval, and the wireless power transmitter may transmit the ADT packet having the maximum size within the CE interval.

[0671] On the other hand, the ADT packet has a header, the value of the header is composed of hexadecimal numbers, and the number of 1's in the header value can be 6 or 7.

[0672] In this case, the size of the ADT packet may be any one of 1 byte, 8 bytes, 10 bytes, 12 bytes, 14 bytes, 16 bytes, 18 bytes, 21 bytes, and 25 bytes.

[0673] As described above, the wireless power transmitter receives a specific request (SRQ) packet from the wireless power receiver, and the SRQ packet can include information about the number of cycles. The wireless power transmitter can receive the SRQ packet in a negotiation phase or a renegotiation phase.

[0674] In summary, ADT packets with a size greater than 7 bytes are provided with ADT packets of 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 21, and 25 bytes, each of which can have an even / odd header. That is, 16 types of ADT packets are provided for ADT packets with a size greater than 7 bytes.

[0675] Here, the wireless power transmitter may need to not use packets larger than the ADT packets allowed in each NCYCLE.

[0676] -NCYCLE=512 uses only up to 7 bytes

[0677] -NCYCLE=256 uses only up to 16 bytes

[0678] -NCYCLE=128 and / or 64 use only up to 25 bytes

[0679] For example, in the negotiation phase, a wireless power receiver may set NCYCLE to 128. A wireless power transmitter may use, for example, a 25-byte ADT packet for authentication.

[0680] For example, authentication may be complete and the wireless power receiver may foresee a large load transient. The wireless power receiver may use a renegotiation packet (e.g., RENEGO) to revert to 512 cycle timing. In this case, the wireless power transmitter may use an ADT packet of size equal to or smaller than the 7 byte ADT.

[0681] Below, the embodiments of the present specification are again described from the viewpoint of various subjects.

[0682] The following drawings are created to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices and names of specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0683] FIG. 37 is a flow chart of a method for transmitting wireless power from the perspective of a wireless power transmitter, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0684] Referring to FIG. 37, the wireless power transmitter may enter a power transfer phase associated with transferring the wireless power (S3710).

[0685] The wireless power transmitter may transmit an auxiliary data transport (ADT) packet to the wireless power receiver in the power transfer phase (S3720).

[0686] Here, the wireless power transmitter may transmit the ADT packet to the wireless power receiver based on Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), and the maximum size of the ADT packet may be determined based on the number of cycles used in the FSK.

[0687] Although not shown separately, a wireless power transmitter is provided. The wireless power transmitter may include a converter associated with transmitting wireless power to a wireless power receiver and a communication / controller associated with controlling the transmission of the wireless power. The wireless power transmitter may enter a power transmission phase associated with transmitting the wireless power, and transmit an auxiliary data transport (ADT) packet to the wireless power receiver in the power transmission phase. The wireless power transmitter transmits the ADT packet to the wireless power receiver based on frequency shift keying (FSK), and a maximum size of the ADT packet may be determined based on a number of cycles used in the FSK.

[0688] FIG. 38 is a flow chart of a method for receiving wireless power from the perspective of a wireless power receiver, according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0689] Referring to FIG. 38, the wireless power receiver may enter a power transfer phase associated with receiving the wireless power (S3810).

[0690] The wireless power receiver may receive an auxiliary data transport (ADT) packet from the wireless power transmitter in the power transfer phase (S3820).

[0691] Here, the wireless power receiver may receive the ADT packet from the wireless power transmitter based on Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), and the maximum size of the ADT packet may be determined based on the number of cycles used in the FSK.

[0692] Although not shown separately, a wireless power receiver is provided. The wireless power receiver may include a power pickup device associated with receiving wireless power from a wireless power transmitter and a communication / controller associated with controlling the reception of the wireless power. The wireless power receiver may enter a power transfer phase associated with receiving the wireless power and receive an auxiliary data transport (ADT) packet from the wireless power transmitter in the power transfer phase. The wireless power receiver may receive the ADT packet from the wireless power transmitter based on Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), and a maximum size of the ADT packet may be determined based on a number of cycles used in the FSK.

[0693] The effects of this specification will be described below.

[0694] As described above, in the future wireless power transfer system, Fast FSK can be implemented with the number of cycles reduced from 512 to 256 and from 128 to 64. And, when Fast FSK is used, a smaller number of cycles are utilized to indicate one bit. This can mean that when Fast FSK is used, it is possible to define larger ADT packets while maintaining the same timing requirements.

[0695] In this specification, when Fast FSK is used, a new definition is provided for the maximum ADT packet size permitted in each NCYCLE.

[0696] According to this specification, the fast FSK (NCYCLE=256, 128, 64) can increase the size of one ADT packet that can be transmitted during a CE packet interval. Since the size of the ADT packet that can be transmitted during one CE interval can be increased, the overall data throughput can be increased. Therefore, there is an effect of reducing the data transmission and reception time (e.g., authentication time) at the application level.

[0697] In particular, this specification provides a specific value of the maximum ADT size that can be transmitted for each cycle based on 110 KHz, which corresponds to the slowest driving frequency in the standard. The specific value is not one of many arbitrary sizes as described above, but a value that takes into account the interval between the ADT header and the CE packet.

[0698] Since the ADT size according to the present specification is limited to a maximum of 25 bytes, the wireless power transmitter can determine the maximum ADT packet size without changing the existing header structure. Therefore, data communication between the wireless power transmitter and the wireless power receiver according to the present specification not only provides compatibility with existing standards, but also provides the advantage of being able to easily calculate the size of the ADT packet in one byte.

[0699] Furthermore, according to this specification, when determining the header for an ADT packet having a size larger than 7 bytes, the existing ADT header rule can be applied. That is, according to this specification, it is possible to explicitly indicate that it is an ADT packet by using only some headers among many header values. Therefore, according to this specification, since an extra data packet header can be provided, it is also advantageous for the expansion of the data packet.

[0700] The effects obtained through a specific example of the present specification are not limited to the effects listed above. For example, there may be various technical effects that a person having ordinary skill in the related art can understand or derive from the present specification. Thus, the specific effects of the present specification are not limited to those explicitly described in the present specification, but may include various effects that can be understood or derived from the technical features of the present specification.

[0701] The claims described herein may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims herein may be combined and embodied in an apparatus, the technical features of the apparatus claims herein may be combined and embodied in a method, the technical features of the method claims herein and the technical features of the apparatus claims herein may be combined and embodied in an apparatus, and the technical features of the method claims herein and the technical features of the apparatus claims herein may be combined and embodied in a method.

Claims

1. 1. A method for transmitting wireless power to a wireless power receiver, the method being performed by a wireless power transmitter in a wireless power transmission system, comprising: Entering a power transfer phase associated with transferring the wireless power; In the power transfer phase, an auxiliary data transport (ADT) packet is transmitted to the wireless power receiver; The wireless power transmitter transmits the ADT packet to the wireless power receiver based on a Frequency Shift Keying (FSK); The method of claim 1, wherein the maximum size of the ADT packet is determined based on the number of cycles used in the FSK.

2. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the value of the number of cycles is 512, 256, 128, or 64.

3. based on the value of the number of cycles being 512, the maximum size is 7 bytes; based on the value of the number of cycles being 256, the maximum size is 16 bytes; 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the maximum size is 25 bytes based on the value of the number of cycles being 128 or 64.

4. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the maximum size is determined based on the number of cycles and a control error (CE) interval.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the wireless power transmitter is capable of transmitting the ADT packet having the maximum size within the CE interval.

6. The ADT packet has a header, The header value is composed of hexadecimal numbers, 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the number of ones in the header value is six or seven.

7. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the size of the ADT packet is any one of 1 byte to 8 bytes, 10 bytes, 12 bytes, 14 bytes, 16 bytes, 18 bytes, 21 bytes, or 25 bytes.

8. The wireless power transmitter receives a specific request (SRQ) packet from the wireless power receiver; 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the SRQ packet includes information regarding the number of cycles.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the wireless power transmitter receives the SRQ packet in a negotiation phase or a renegotiation phase.

10. The wireless power transmitter comprises: a converter associated with transmitting wireless power to the wireless power receiver; and a communication / controller associated with controlling the transfer of said wireless power; The wireless power transmitter comprises: Entering a power transfer phase associated with transferring the wireless power; In the power transfer phase, an auxiliary data transport (ADT) packet is transmitted to the wireless power receiver; The wireless power transmitter transmits the ADT packet to the wireless power receiver based on a Frequency Shift Keying (FSK); A wireless power transmitter, wherein the maximum size of the ADT packet is determined based on the number of cycles used in the FSK.

11. 1. A method for receiving wireless power from a wireless power transmitter, performed by a wireless power receiver in a wireless power transmission system, comprising: Entering a power transfer phase associated with receiving the wireless power; In the power transfer phase, an auxiliary data transport (ADT) packet is received from the wireless power transmitter; The wireless power receiver receives the ADT packet from the wireless power transmitter based on a Frequency Shift Keying (FSK); The method of claim 1, wherein the maximum size of the ADT packet is determined based on the number of cycles used in the FSK.

12. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the value of the number of cycles is 512, 256, 128, or 64.

13. based on the value of the number of cycles being 512, the maximum size is 7 bytes; based on the value of the number of cycles being 256, the maximum size is 16 bytes; 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the maximum size is 25 bytes based on the value of the number of cycles being 128 or 64.

14. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the maximum size is determined based on the number of cycles and a control error (CE) interval.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the wireless power receiver is capable of receiving the ADT packet having the maximum size within the CE interval.

16. The ADT packet has a header, The header value is composed of hexadecimal numbers, 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the number of ones in the header value is six or seven.

17. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the size of the ADT packet is any one of 1 byte to 8 bytes, 10 bytes, 12 bytes, 14 bytes, 16 bytes, 18 bytes, 21 bytes, or 25 bytes.

18. The wireless power receiver transmits a specific request (SRQ) packet to the wireless power transmitter; 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the SRQ packet includes information regarding the number of cycles.

19. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the wireless power receiver transmits the SRQ packet in a negotiation phase or a renegotiation phase.

20. The wireless power receiver is a power pick-up device associated with receiving wireless power from the wireless power transmitter; and a communication / controller associated with controlling the reception of said wireless power, The wireless power receiver includes: Entering a power transfer phase associated with receiving the wireless power; In the power transfer phase, an auxiliary data transport (ADT) packet is received from the wireless power transmitter; The wireless power receiver receives the ADT packet from the wireless power transmitter based on a Frequency Shift Keying (FSK); The wireless power receiver, wherein the maximum size of the ADT packet is determined based on the number of cycles used in the FSK.

Images