Weld-free battery module

Abstract

The present invention relates to a weld-free battery module or battery pack in which battery cells and bus bars are electrically connected using pogo pins instead of welding them. The present invention relates to a battery module including a plurality of cylindrical battery cells, a module case accommodating the plurality of cylindrical battery cells, a cover coupled to at least one of open sides of the module case, a bus bar coupled to the cover, and a pogo pin interposed for electrical connection between each of the plurality of cylindrical battery cells and the bus bar.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2022-0126767 filed on October 5, 2022, and all contents disclosed in the Korean Patent Application are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] The present invention relates to a weld-free battery module, and more particularly to a weld-free battery module or battery pack that provides electrical connections between battery cells and bus bars without welding. [Background technology]

[0003] The lithium secondary batteries are classified into cylindrical and prismatic secondary batteries, in which an electrode assembly is built into a cylindrical or prismatic metal case, and pouch-type secondary batteries, in which an electrode assembly is built into a pouch-type case made of an aluminum laminate sheet, according to the shape of the battery case. Among these, cylindrical secondary batteries have the advantages of being relatively large in capacity and structurally stable.

[0004] Battery modules and / or battery packs in which a plurality of battery cells are electrically connected are widely used as large-capacity and high-output energy sources. As safety issues in electrical energy sources are continually raised, the proportion of cylindrical battery cells, which are safer, is gradually increasing.

[0005] To manufacture a battery module and / or a battery pack, a process is required to electrically connect a plurality of cylindrical battery cells. For example, the positive and negative terminals of the cylindrical battery cells can be connected by wire bonding or directly welded to a bus bar.

[0006] FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of an example of a battery module according to the prior art, FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of another example of a battery module according to the prior art, and FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 2, showing (a) a form in which bus bars are connected and (b) a modified form thereof.

[0007] 1 to 3, in battery modules 1000, 2000 according to the prior art, a plurality of cylindrical battery cells 1010, 2010 are arranged and housed inside module cases 1100, 2100. In FIG. 3(a), a bus bar 2020 is provided on electrode terminals at the upper and lower ends of a cylindrical battery cell 2010 seated in a module case 2100, and the bus bar 2020 is electrically connected via a welding spot 2030. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view, and the bus bar 2020 may be arranged across the upper or lower surfaces of the plurality of cylindrical battery cells 2010 by series or parallel connection, or may be arranged on the upper or lower surface of one cylindrical battery cell 2010.

[0008] 3B is a plan view, not a cross-sectional view, illustrating wire bonding. A wire 2040 electrically connects the upper electrode terminal of the cylindrical battery cell 2010 and the bus bar 2020.

[0009] In wire bonding and busbar welding, 1) if weak welding occurs, the physical bonding strength may be weakened and the weld may easily come off due to shocks such as vibration. Also, 2) current wire bonding and busbar welding are performed after cylindrical battery cells are fully assembled and arranged into a battery module and / or battery pack, so it is not easy to improve spatial and temporal efficiency. 3) Wire bonding and busbar welding require welding for all electrical connections, which is a lot of work, has a high probability of defects, and requires complex manufacturing equipment and a lot of work. Nevertheless, wire bonding and busbar welding are currently used because they are the only means of achieving a stable and strong bond for a long period of time in an environment with vibration, shock, etc.

[0010] The root cause of these problems is that electrical connections are made by welding in wire bonding and bus bar welding. It is necessary to provide a means for electrically connecting battery cells in a battery module and / or battery pack in a stable and strong manner for a long period of time without welding.

[0011] Patent Document 1 discloses a battery module for improving connection expandability and cooling efficiency, and a battery pack including the same. The battery module of Patent Document 1 includes: a plurality of cylindrical battery cells each having an electrode terminal formed on an upper portion and a lower portion, a module housing having a receiving portion having a plurality of hollow structures for receiving the cylindrical battery cells in an insertion manner; a current collecting plate mounted on an outer surface of the module housing and having a plurality of welding holes formed therein such that the electrode terminals of the cylindrical battery cells are exposed to the outside; a bus bar contacting each of the electrode terminals and the current collecting plate to electrically connect between the electrode terminals and the current collecting plate; and a heat conductive pad disposed on the outer side of the current collecting plate and having a contact protrusion extending in a direction in which the electrode terminals are located so as to contact a contact connection portion between the electrode terminals and the bus bar.

[0012] Although Patent Document 1 takes into consideration scalability, it still includes a plurality of welding ports, and therefore cannot solve the fundamental problem of the conventional technology.

[0013] Patent Document 2 discloses a battery pack including a plurality of electrically connected cylindrical battery cells. In Patent Document 2, the battery cells are arranged in a module case including a housing portion having an inner shape corresponding to the outer shape of the battery cells, with electrode terminals of the same electrode facing in the same direction, and the electrode terminals are electrically connected to connection plates via connection members, each of which includes a safety device that blocks the flow of excessive current, and the connection member further includes an elastic member.

[0014] Patent Document 2 includes a bent plate-like first connection member 131 that is easily seen in remote controls that use cylindrical batteries. Patent Document 2 aims to provide a fuse through the first connection member, but does not disclose a configuration for welding. Even if welding is not used, the connection plates 121 and 122 that support the first connection member are plate-like metals, and it is believed that they cannot provide sufficient strength and fixing force against vibration. In addition, there is a problem that the plate-like first connection member 131 must be fixed to the connection plates 121 and 122 by welding using additional means.

[0015] Patent Document 3 discloses a probe card and an inspection method. The probe card 100 of Patent Document 3 includes a planar secondary battery 10 including a planar electrode 22, the planar electrode 22 being arranged to face a workpiece 50, and an electrical connection body 30 arranged between the workpiece 50 and the secondary battery 10. The secondary battery 10 includes a structure that allows wiring to be drawn out at any position of the planar electrode 22. The electrical connection body 30 includes a plurality of contact parts 31 protruding toward the facing pad 51 side, and electrically connects the plurality of pads 51 and the planar electrode 22 through the plurality of contact parts 31 interposed therebetween.

[0016] In Patent Document 3, the electrical connection body may include a pogo pin configured to contact the planar electrode. In Patent Document 3, the pogo pin is merely utilized as a configuration for the pogo pin itself to make electrical contact, and there is no description or implication of utilizing them in a battery module and / or a battery pack.

[0017] The prior art does not provide a solution to the current fundamental problem of battery modules / battery packs, that is, wire bonding and bus bar welding, i.e., welding of electrical connections. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0018] [Patent Document 1] Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2019-0083533 [Patent Document 2] Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2019-0042990 [Patent Document 3] Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2019-0029662 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0019] The present invention is devised to solve the above problems, and has an object to provide a weld-free battery module and / or battery pack that 1) does not have the problem of weak electrical bonding strength due to weak welding, 2) efficiently implements electrical connection between battery cells in a battery module / battery pack, and 3) maintains stable and strong electrical connection for a long period of time even in an environment of vibration, impact, etc. [Means for solving the problem]

[0020] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a battery module including: a plurality of cylindrical battery cells; a module case accommodating the plurality of cylindrical battery cells; a cover coupled to at least one of open sides of the module case; a metal plate coupled to the cover; and a conductive member interposed for electrically connecting each of the plurality of cylindrical battery cells to the metal plate, wherein the conductive member includes a hollow cylindrical body, an elastic body provided inside the body, and a pin inserted into the body and supported by the elastic body, and protruding outside the body only to a certain length.

[0021] The current-carrying member may be a pogo pin. The current-carrying member may be one of a single-sided pogo pin in which the pin is provided on only one side of the body, and a double-sided pogo pin in which the pin is provided on both sides of the body.

[0022] The exterior surface of the body may be provided with at least one of a screw thread, a hook, a locking protrusion, and a donut-shaped protrusion.

[0023] The current-carrying member is coupled to the cover by penetrating the cover, and the method of coupling the current-carrying member to the cover by penetrating the cover may be at least one of the following methods 1) to 5).

[0024] 1) interference fit, 2) hook connection, 3) screw connection, 4) fusion, 5) connection of the connection part injection molded integrally with the current-carrying member and the cover by the methods 1) to 4).

[0025] The cover and the metal plate may be joined by at least one of heat fusion and an interference fit.

[0026] The metal plate and the current-carrying member may be joined together after the module case housing the plurality of cylindrical battery cells is joined to the cover.

[0027] The module case may include an upper case and a lower case, and the upper case and the lower case may be detachably coupled to each other.

[0028] The inside of the battery module may be filled with a phase change material (PCM).

[0029] Furthermore, the present invention can also be provided in the form of a combination of various means for solving the above problems. Effect of the Invention

[0030] As described above, the weld-free battery module according to the present invention uses pogo pins, which are separate current-carrying members, to connect cylindrical battery cells and metal bus bars. By using the weld-free battery module according to the present invention, 1) there is no problem of weak electrical connection due to weak welding, 2) the battery cells can be efficiently electrically connected in the battery module / battery pack, and 3) a stable and strong battery connection can be achieved for a long period of time in an environment of vibration, impact, etc. Another advantage is that the pogo pins, which are current-carrying members, can be easily replaced if they become abnormal. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0031] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of an example of a battery module according to the prior art. [Diagram 2] FIG. 13 is an exploded perspective view of another example of a battery module according to the prior art; [Diagram 3] 3A and 3B are vertical cross-sectional views taken along the line AA in FIG. 2, showing a form in which bus bars are connected (a) and a modified form thereof (b). [Figure 4] 1 is a cross-sectional view of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 5] 1A to 1C are diagrams showing various modifications of pogo pins according to the present invention; [Figure 6] 11A to 11C are diagrams showing various modified examples of a form in which a pogo pin is coupled to a cover in a battery module according to the present invention; [Figure 7] 11A to 11C are diagrams showing various modified examples of a form in which a pogo pin is coupled to a cover in a battery module according to the present invention; [Figure 8] 13A and 13B are diagrams showing another modified example of a form in which pogo pins are coupled to a cover in a battery module according to the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0032] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains can easily carry out the present invention. However, when describing the operation principle of the preferred embodiment of the present invention in detail, detailed description of related well-known functions or configurations will be omitted if it is determined that such detailed description may unnecessarily obscure the gist of the present invention.

[0033] In addition, the same reference numerals are used throughout the drawings for parts having similar functions and actions. Throughout the specification, when a part is said to be connected to another part, this includes not only the case where the part is directly connected to another part, but also the case where the part is indirectly connected via another element between the two parts. In addition, when a part includes a certain component, it does not mean that the other component is excluded, but that the part may further include the other component, unless otherwise specified.

[0034] Furthermore, descriptions that specify or limit components are applicable to all inventions and are not limited to a particular invention unless otherwise specified.

[0035] Furthermore, throughout the description of the present invention and the claims, the singular includes the plural unless otherwise stated.

[0036] In addition, throughout the description of the present invention and the claims, unless otherwise stated, "or" includes "and." Therefore, "including A or B" means three cases: including A, including B, or including both A and B.

[0037] Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 5 is a view showing various modified examples of pogo pins according to the present invention, Figs. 6 and 7 are views showing various modified examples of the form in which pogo pins are coupled to a cover in a battery module according to the present invention, and Fig. 8 is a view showing another modified example of the form in which pogo pins are coupled to a cover in a battery module according to the present invention. The present invention will be described with reference to Figs. 4 to 8 together with detailed embodiments.

[0038] The present invention includes a plurality of cylindrical battery cells 3010, a module case 3100 that houses the plurality of cylindrical battery cells 3010, a cover 3200 that is respectively coupled to the upper and lower surfaces of the module case 3100, a metal plate bus bar 3020 that is coupled to the cover 3200, and a pogo pin 3500 that is an electrically conductive member interposed for electrically connecting each of the plurality of cylindrical battery cells 3010 to the bus bar 3020.

[0039] The upper and lower surfaces refer to relative positions when the module case is vertically arranged, and refer to one open side of the module case and the other side opposite to the one side. If the module case is open on only one side, the cover may be arranged on only the open side. If the module case is open on both sides, the covers may be arranged on both open sides, but if electrical connection is only required on one side, the pogo pins may be arranged only on the cover on the side where electrical connection is required.

[0040] The metal plate defined in the present invention is a metal plate-shaped bus bar used in a battery module and a battery pack.

[0041] A plurality of cylindrical battery cells 3010 are formed by housing an electrode assembly in a cylindrical battery case formed of a metal can. In Fig. 4 and Fig. 8, the longitudinal central axes of the cylindrical battery cases are arranged parallel to each other in a module case 3100, and covers 3200 are arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the module case 3100. The cover 3200 may be used as a means for blocking electrical connection between the separate partition walls 3210 and the bus bars 3020. The partition walls 3210 may also be used as a means for fixing the inserted bus bars 3020.

[0042] The current-carrying member is a pogo-pin. The pogo-pin 3500 includes a hollow cylindrical body 3510, an elastic body 3520 provided inside the body 3510, and a pin 3530 inserted into the body 3510 and supported by the elastic body 3520, protruding to the outside of the body by a certain length. The pogo-pin 3500 may be one of a single-sided pogo pin (a), b), c), d) in which the pin 3530 is provided only on one side of the body 3510, and a double-sided pogo pin (e), f), g), h) in which the pin 3530 is provided on both sides of the body 3510.

[0043] A single elastic spring is provided for single sided pogo pins 3500. A single elastic spring may also be provided for double sided pogo pins. Each of the exemplary pogo pins 3500 shown in the present invention has one spring.

[0044] The pogo pin 3500 has a metal ball 3540 between the elastic body 3520 and the pin 3530, which allows the pogo pin 3500 to move smoothly. Among the pogo pins 3500 shown in Fig. 5, the single-sided pogo pins (Fig. 5a), b), c), and d)) have a ball 3540 or have no ball, and the pin 3530 is seated on the elastic body 3520 via a pin support part 3532. The double-sided pogo pins (Fig. 5e), f), g), and h))) have a ball 3540 or have only one ball 3540 as an example, but two balls 3540 can support two pins 3530, and the drawings are shown as various modified examples and are not limited to the drawings.

[0045] Although not shown in the drawings, the pogo pin may be a high current pogo pin depending on the capacity of the battery module used. The high current pogo pin is made of materials suitable for high temperature and high current, such as a body, an elastic body, and a pin, or has a thicker thickness.

[0046] At least one of a screw thread (FIG. 5d)), a hook (FIG. 5h)), a locking protrusion (FIG. 5c) and a donut-shaped protrusion (FIG. 5a), b), c) and e)) may be provided on the outer surface of the body 3510 of the pogo pin 3500. When a screw thread (FIG. 5d)) is provided, the pogo pin 3500 is a single-sided pogo pin, and a screw head 3518 into which a cross-shaped, straight-shaped or hexagonal wrench can be inserted for screw fastening may be provided on the other side of the pin 3530 based on the body 3510. A straight-shaped driver groove is formed in FIG. 5d).

[0047] The pogo pins 3500 are coupled to the cover 3200 by penetrating the cover 3200. The method of coupling to the cover 3200 by penetrating the cover 3200 may be at least one of the following methods 1) to 5).

[0048] 1) Interference fit. In this case, a through hole is provided in the cover 3200, and the size of the pogo pin 3500 is set larger than the through hole, so that the pogo pin is connected by an interference fit. In FIG. 6, the left and right sides of the pogo pin body may be shown differently to show various connection methods. In FIG. 6a), the left side corresponds to an interference fit. The surface of the through hole or the pogo pin may be subjected to a surface treatment for friction or may be deformed.

[0049] 6(e), the through hole is formed to have a step. The pogo pin 3500 protrudes to the outside of the cover 3200 through the completely through portion of the through hole, and the protrusion 3512 of the pogo pin is engaged with the step portion provided around the completely through portion. The groove formed by the step portion provided around the completely through portion can be connected by an additional groove cover by interference fitting, fusion, adhesion, or cohesion.

[0050] 2) Hook coupling. This is a method of coupling the pogo pin 3500 and the cover 3200 with a hook provided on at least one of them. The right side view of FIG. 6(a) and FIG. 6(b) correspond to the hook coupling. The hook coupling is usually only coupled in one direction. Therefore, it is preferable to fasten the pogo pin 3500 in the direction penetrating the cover 3200.

[0051] 3) Screwing: Referring to Fig. 6c) and Fig. 5d), a through hole is provided in the cover 3200, and a screw thread 3514 is provided in the through hole and the body 3510 of the pogo pin 3500, thereby coupling the cover 3200 to the body 3510. When the screw thread 3514 is provided, the pogo pin 3500 is a single-sided pogo pin, and the other side of the pin 3530 based on the body 3510 may be provided with a screw head 3518 into which a cross-shaped, straight-shaped, hexagonal range, etc. can be inserted for screw fastening.

[0052] 4, the pogo pins 3500 are coupled to the cover 3200, and then the bus bar 3020 is coupled to the upper surface thereof. In the case of screwing, the pogo pins 3500 can be coupled to the cover 3200 in the same manner, and then the bus bar 3020 can be coupled to the upper surface thereof. In the case of screwing, the bus bar 3020 can be coupled to the cover 3200 first, or seated on the cover 3200, and then the cover 3200 and the bus bar 3020 can be fixed at the same time by screwing the pogo pins 3500. In this case, if an abnormality occurs in the pogo pins 3500 later, the pogo pins 3500 can be easily replaced externally.

[0053] The screwing is a normal screwing, and since there is a step at the end after the screwing rotation, it can be connected by one or less rotations of the screw. Although not shown in the drawings, an example of such a type is the spike connection of golf shoes that is currently used.

[0054] 4) Fusion: Referring to Fig. 6d), this is a method of forming a through hole in the cover 3200, inserting the pogo pin 3500 into the through hole, and then fusing and joining the cover 3200. The fusion cover can be replaced by one that is melted and joined, or one that is joined using an adhesive or a glue.

[0055] 5) Attachment of the cover and the coupling part 3600 (left side of FIG. 7) which is injection molded integrally with the pogo pin 3500 by the methods 1) to 4). FIG. 7 shows a form in which the coupling part 3600 is provided on the pogo pin 3500. The pogo pin 3500 provided with such a coupling part 3600 is attached by the methods 1) to 4).

[0056] When they are integrally injection molded, the outer surface of the pogo pin body may have a donut-shaped protrusion (on the left side of the pogo pin body in FIG. 7), hooks, or bumps (on the right side of the pogo pin body in FIG. 7) to increase the strength of the injection molding. The coupling part 3600 is strongly coupled to the pogo pin 3500 by injection molding, and is coupled to the cover 3200 by the coupling part 3600, which has an increased width and size, so that the coupling force of the pogo pin to the cover can be further increased.

[0057] Another method of connecting the coupling part without injection molding is shown in the pogo pin on the right side of Fig. 7. A through-hole is provided in the coupling part 3600, and a step is provided around the through-hole. The pogo pin 3500 protrudes to the outside through the through-hole, and the protruding part of the pogo pin is engaged with the step provided around the through-hole. The groove created by the step can be connected by an additional coupling part cover 3610 by interference fitting, fusion, adhesion, or cohesion.

[0058] 4 and 8, the cover 3200 and the bus bar 3020 may be joined by at least one of heat fusion and interference fit.

[0059] The busbars and pogo pins can be connected after the module case housing a plurality of cylindrical battery cells is connected to the cover. The busbars and pogo pins can also be connected before or after the module case housing a plurality of cylindrical battery cells is connected to the cover.

[0060] Specifically, i) a method in which a pogo pin is coupled to the cover in a state in which the module case and the cover are assembled, and then a bus bar is coupled onto the pogo pin.

[0061] ii) A method in which the busbars are bonded or placed on the cover after the module case and cover are assembled, and pogo pins are used to bond the busbars and cover together, as shown in Figure 8.

[0062] iii) A method in which the pogo pins are bonded to a cover, the bus bars are bonded on top of the cover, and then the cover with all of these bonded together is bonded to the module case.

[0063] iv) A method may be used in which the bus bars are bonded or positioned on the cover, the bus bars and the cover are bonded together using pogo pins, and then the cover with all of these bonded together is bonded to the module case.

[0064] Although not shown in the drawings, the module case is composed of an upper case and a lower case, and the upper case and the lower case are detachably coupled to each other.

[0065] Meanwhile, the inside of the battery module is filled with a phase change material (PCM), which is injected in a liquid state and can change into a heat insulating solid inside the module case. The phase change material can fill the space formed between multiple cylindrical battery cells.

[0066] The cylindrical battery cell 3010 is composed of a lithium secondary battery. The lithium secondary battery has a characteristic that heat is generated and the temperature increases even during normal charging and discharging processes. Since an increase in the internal temperature of the battery module can cause problems such as a deterioration in the function of the battery module, the inside of the module case 3100 can be filled with a phase change material (PCM) to suppress the temperature increase of the battery module.

[0067] Phase change materials can maintain a constant temperature by absorbing a certain amount of heat as they change from solid to liquid. Conversely, when they change from liquid to solid, they can maintain a constant temperature by releasing the latent heat stored in the phase change material. Phase change materials have the characteristic of maintaining a constant temperature by absorbing the surrounding heat above a set temperature to keep the temperature low, and releasing the stored heat to raise the temperature when the temperature drops below the set temperature.

[0068] In the present invention, the phase change material is injected into the module case in a liquid state, so that the space between the cylindrical battery cells can be filled with the phase change material. When the liquid phase change material changes into a solid state inside the module case, it exhibits a heat insulating function, and therefore has the effect of preventing the spread of flames even if one of the cylindrical battery cells ignites.

[0069] If the phase-change material is in a liquid state, it may leak out of the module case, so it is preferable to inject the phase-change material after assembling a cover to the module case in order to prevent the phase-change material from leaking out.

[0070] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various applications and modifications within the scope of the present invention will be possible based on the above content. [Explanation of symbols]

[0071] 1000, 2000, 3000 Battery Module 1010, 2010, 3010 Cylindrical Battery Cells 2020, 3020 Busbar 2030 Welding Spot 2040 Wire 1100, 2100, 3100 module case 3200 Cover 3210 Bulkhead 3500 pogo pin 3510 Fuselage 3512 Protrusion 3514 Thread 3516 Hook 3518 Screw head 3520 Elastic body 3530 Pin 3532 Pin support 3540 Ball 3600 Joint 3610 Joint lid

Claims

1. A plurality of cylindrical battery cells; a module case that houses the plurality of cylindrical battery cells; a cover coupled to at least one of the open surfaces of the module case; a metal plate coupled to the cover; a conductive member for electrically connecting each of the cylindrical battery cells to the metal plate; Including, The current-carrying member is A hollow cylindrical body, An elastic body provided inside the body; a pin that is inserted into the body, supported by the elastic body, and protrudes outside the body only to a certain length; a battery module including:

2. 2. The battery module of claim 1, wherein the current-carrying member is one of a single-sided pogo pin in which the pin is provided on only one side of the body, and a double-sided pogo pin in which the pin is provided on both sides of the body.

3. The battery module according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the outer surface of the body is provided with at least one of a screw thread, a hook, a locking protrusion, and a donut-shaped protrusion.

4. The battery module according to claim 1 , wherein the current-carrying member is coupled to the cover through the cover.

5. The battery module according to claim 4, wherein the method of connecting the battery module through the cover is at least one of the following 1) to 5). 1) Interference fit, 2) Hook coupling; 3) Screw engagement, 4) Fusion, 5) The connecting portion which is injection molded integrally with the current-carrying member and the cover are connected by the methods 1) to 4).

6. The battery module according to claim 1 , wherein the cover and the metal plate are joined together by at least one of thermal fusion and interference fit.

7. 2 . The battery module according to claim 1 , wherein the metal plate and the current-carrying member are joined together after the module case housing the plurality of cylindrical battery cells and the cover are joined together.

8. The module case is composed of an upper case and a lower case, The battery module according to claim 1 , wherein the upper case and the lower case are detachably coupled to each other.

9. The battery module according to claim 1 , wherein the inside of the battery module is filled with a phase change material (PCM).

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