Macauba oil for the production of oleochemical products

Abstract

The present invention relates to a process for producing fatty acid based surfactants, comprising the step of converting oil extracted from macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr into a fatty acid composition.Furthermore, the present invention relates to fatty acid based surfactants obtained from the fruit of macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr and their use in suitable applications.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a process for producing fatty acid based surfactants, comprising the step of converting oil extracted from macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr into a fatty acid composition.Furthermore, the present invention relates to fatty acid based surfactants obtained from the fruit of macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr and their use in suitable applications. [Background technology]

[0002] Many oil-based products are derived from renewable materials such as oil palm (the main source of palm oil). While such an approach is advantageous for stabilizing oil deposits, it also presents some drawbacks. One issue is, for example, deforestation to plant oil palm plantations, which exacerbates current climate change. Deforestation further leads to unwanted loss of biodiversity and loss of habitat for local tribes. Moreover, oil palm, in particular, thrives in tropical conditions and with favorable temperatures of about 24-28°C, a density of at least 100 mm / m 2 It requires 1000 liters of rain per month and a humidity level of about 50-70%. These factors limit the potential for profitable cultivation.

[0003] At the same time, the demand for renewable oils is growing every year due to increasing global consumption. Products derived from renewable oils are found in all important industrial sectors, such as food, pharmaceuticals, consumer goods or energy (biodiesel). Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] In this context, there is a continuing need for more environmentally friendly alternatives to known products derived from renewable oils such as palm oil. In particular, the object of the present invention was to provide fatty acid-based surfactants and their manufacturing processes with improved sustainability profile and improved properties. Furthermore, the object of the present invention was to provide fatty acid-based surfactants and their manufacturing processes, the starting material of which is derived from plants that are less sensitive to temperature fluctuations. Finally, the object was to provide personal care compositions, cleaning compositions, nutritional formulations, pharmaceutical formulations or crop formulations and their manufacturing processes with improved sustainability profile and improved properties. In this context, the more environmentally friendly alternatives preferably provide at least one, more preferably at least two, even more preferably at least three, in particular at least four of the following effects: reduced water demand, reduced loss of biodiversity, reduced loss of habitat for local tribes, reduced deforestation, improved restoration of degraded areas and springs and watersheds, improved water retention in soil, improved resistance to temperature fluctuations and climate change. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] It has surprisingly been found that at least one of these objectives can be achieved by applying oil extracted from Macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes per hectare per year of at least 6 t / ha / yr.

[0006] Thus, according to one aspect, the present invention provides a process for producing a fatty acid based surfactant, comprising the steps of: a) converting oil extracted from macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr into a fatty acid composition; b) C4 fatty acids, C6 fatty acids, C8 fatty acids, C 10 fatty acids, C 12 fatty acids, C 14 fatty acids, C 16 fatty acids, C 18 fatty acids, C 20 Fatty acids and C 22Separating a fatty acid selected from the group consisting of fatty acids from the fatty acid composition obtained in step a), c) optionally mixing at least two of the separated fatty acids; d) Then C4 fatty acids, C6 fatty acids, C8 fatty acids, C 10 fatty acids, C 12 fatty acids, C 14 fatty acids, C 16 fatty acids, C 18 fatty acids, C 20 Fatty acids and C 22 converting at least one of the separated fatty acids selected from the group consisting of fatty acids into a respective fatty acid based surfactant. The present invention relates to a process comprising:

[0007] In the following, preferred embodiments of the above-mentioned process are described in further detail, it being understood that each preferred embodiment is suitable both by itself and in combination with other preferred embodiments.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment A1 of the first aspect, the macaubay palm is Acrocomia aculeata, and / or The oil is extracted from palm pulp and / or palm kernel, preferably the oil is extracted from macauba kernel, in particular the macauba palm is Acrocomia aculeata and the oil is extracted from Acrocomia aculeata kernel.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment A2 of the first aspect, in step a), the conversion is carried out under chemical or enzymatic conditions, preferably under chemical conditions, and / or step a) involves hydrolysis.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment A3 of the first aspect, the fatty acid composition in step a) comprises at least 45% by weight of C4-C6 fatty acid, based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition. 22 Fatty acids, preferably C6-C 20 Fatty acids, preferably C8-C18 Fatty acids, even more preferably C8-C 16 Fatty acid or C 16 ~C 18 Fatty acids, especially C 10 ~C 16 Based on the total weight of the fatty acid and / or fatty acid composition, respectively, 1 to 20% by weight of a C8 fatty acid; 1-8% by weight C 10 fatty acid, 30-48% by weight C 12 fatty acid, 5-15% by weight C 14 fatty acid, 4-13% by weight C 16 fatty acid, 15-42% by weight C 18 Fatty acids, and 0-5% by weight C 20 fatty acid Includes.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment A4 of the first aspect, the Macaubay palm has an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year in the range of 6-30 t / ha / yr, preferably 7-20 t / ha / yr, more preferably 8-15 t / ha / yr.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment A5 of the first aspect, the fatty acid based surfactant provided in step d) is selected from the group consisting of sulfonates, amides, isethionates, taurates, glycolipids, amino acids, esterquats, sophorolipids, rhamnolipids, amphoacetates, ethoxylates, sorbitan esters, ethoxylated sorbitan esters, alkyl ether ethoxylates, polyglyceryl esters, glycerol esters, glyceryl glucosides and soaps.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment A6 of the first aspect, the fatty acid surfactant provided in step d) is General formula (I) R 1 CH(SO3M 1 )COOM 2 (I) (In the formula, the group R 1is a linear alkyl or alkenyl group having 6 to 16 carbon atoms, and the group M 1 and M 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, Li, Na, K, Ca / 2, Mg / 2, ammonium and alkanolamines, preferably triethanolammonium. (A) an α-sulfofatty acid di-salt, or General formula (II) R 2 CH(SO3M 7 )COOR 3 (II) (In the formula, the group R 2 is a linear alkyl or alkenyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and the group R 3 is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, the group R 3 is an alkenyl group or may be branched only on three carbon atoms, and the group M 7 is selected from the group of Li, Na, K, Ca / 2, Mg / 2, ammonium and alkanolamines, preferably triethanolammonium Sulfonic acid ester (B) of It is.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment A7 of the first aspect, step a) comprises ai) mixing a fatty acid composition obtained from oil extracted from a macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr with a fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr, preferably the fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO); and / or The fatty acid surfactant obtained in step d) is mixed with a fatty acid surfactant obtained from a fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr, and then a step of converting the fatty acid surfactant into the respective fatty acid surfactant. and preferably the fatty acid composition is derived from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr, the fatty acid composition being derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO).

[0015] In a preferred embodiment A8 of the first aspect, the process comprises the steps of: e) C6 fatty acid surfactants, C8 fatty acid surfactants, C 10 Fatty acid surfactant, C 12 Fatty acid surfactant, C 14 Fatty acid surfactant, C 16 Fatty acid surfactant, C 18 Fatty acid surfactants and C 20 A fatty acid surfactant selected from the group consisting of fatty acid surfactants, preferably C8 fatty acid surfactants, C 10 Fatty acid surfactant, C 12 Fatty acid surfactant, C 14 Fatty acid surfactant, C 16 Fatty acid surfactants and C 18 A fatty acid surfactant selected from the group consisting of fatty acid surfactants, particularly C 10 Fatty acid surfactant, C 12 Fatty acid surfactant, C 14 Fatty acid surfactants and C 16 isolating a fatty acid surfactant selected from the group consisting of fatty acid surfactants; f) optionally mixing at least two of the isolated fatty acid surfactants, preferably 10 Fatty acid surfactant, C 12 Fatty acid surfactant, C 14 Fatty acid surfactants and C 16 mixing at least two fatty acid surfactants selected from the group consisting of fatty acid surfactants; Further includes:

[0016] In a second aspect, the present invention relates to fatty acid based surfactants and blends thereof obtainable by the process according to the first aspect.

[0017] In a third aspect, the present invention relates to a fatty acid based surfactant obtained from the fruit of Macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr, wherein the oil obtained from Macaubay palm is converted into a fatty acid composition, which is then converted into a fatty acid based surfactant.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment C1 of the third aspect, the macauba palm is Acrocomia aculeata and / or the oil is obtained by extraction of the fruit, preferably the oil is extracted from palm pulp and / or palm kernel, more preferably the oil is extracted from macauba kernel, in particular the macauba palm is Acrocomia aculeata and the oil is extracted from Acrocomia aculeata kernel.

[0019] In a fourth aspect, the present invention relates to the use of a fatty acid composition obtained from the fruit of Macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr for the manufacture of fatty acid based surfactants.

[0020] In a fifth aspect, the present invention relates to the use of a fatty acid based surfactant according to the second or third aspect in a personal care composition, a cleaning composition, a nutritional formulation, a pharmaceutical formulation or a crop formulation.

[0021] In a sixth aspect, the present invention relates to a personal care composition, a cleaning composition, a nutritional formulation, a pharmaceutical formulation or a crop formulation comprising a surfactant according to the second or third aspect.

[0022] In a seventh aspect, the present invention provides a process for producing glycerol, comprising the steps of: a) converting oil extracted from macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr into glycerol; The present invention relates to a process comprising: DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0023] Before describing exemplary embodiments of the present invention in detail, definitions that are important for understanding the present invention are provided.

[0024] As used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms "a" and "an" also include the respective plural forms, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In the context of the present invention, the terms "about" and "approximately" refer to a margin of accuracy that a person skilled in the art would recognize while still ensuring the technical effect of the feature in question. The terms typically represent a deviation of ±10%, preferably ±8%, more preferably ±5%, and even more preferably ±2% from the indicated numerical value. The terms "comprise" and "comprise" should be understood to be non-limiting. For the purposes of the present invention, the term "consisting of" is considered to be a preferred embodiment of the term "comprise". Hereinafter, when a group is defined as comprising at least a certain number of embodiments, this also means to include a group that preferably consists only of these embodiments. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", "third" or "(a)", "(b)", "(c)", "(d)" and the like in the present specification and in the claims are used to distinguish between similar elements and do not necessarily describe a sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances and that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be performed in other orders than as described or exemplified herein. When the terms "first", "second", "third" or "(a)", "(b)", "(c)", "(d)", "i", "ii" etc. refer to steps of a method or use or assay, as described hereinbefore or hereinafter, unless otherwise specified in this application, there is no time or consistency between the steps, i.e., the steps may be performed simultaneously or there may be a time interval of seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months or even years between such steps. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular methodologies, procedures, reagents etc. described herein, as these may vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is used only for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which may be limited only by the appended claims.Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.

[0025] The terms "free", "free" or "free" as used herein, in connection with the inventive composition not containing a particular compound or not containing a particular group of compounds, which may be a group combined under a collective term, mean that the composition does not contain said compound or group of compounds in an amount of more than 0.8% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. Furthermore, it is preferred that the composition according to the invention does not contain said compound or group of compounds in an amount of more than 0.5% by weight, and preferably the composition does not contain any of said compound or group of compounds.

[0026] When referring to weight percentages of compositions and ingredients contained therein, it should be understood that in accordance with the present invention, the total amount of ingredients does not exceed 100% (± 1% to account for rounding).

[0027] The term "personal care composition" refers to any topical and oral product that can be used by a consumer at least once a day, for example as a daily care product for face, hair, body or oral care, to care for, cleanse, protect, maintain, perfume or change the appearance or feel of the human body. A personal care composition may contain one or more active agents, such as organic and / or inorganic UV filters, and other ingredients or additives, such as emulsifiers, emollients, viscosity modifiers, stabilizers, preservatives or fragrances. Suitable daily care compositions according to the present invention are, for example, leave-on face and body care products and rinse-off face and body care products.

[0028] Suitable leave-on face and body care products are, for example, sunscreen compositions, decorative preparations and skin care preparations.

[0029] The term "sunscreen composition" or "sunscreen agent" refers to any topical product that can absorb a certain portion of ultraviolet radiation and also reflect and scatter it. Therefore, it should be understood that the term "sunscreen composition" not only includes sunscreen compositions, but also includes any cosmetic composition that provides UV protection. The term "topical product" refers to a product that is applied to the skin, and can refer to, for example, a spray, lotion, cream, oil, foam, powder, or gel. According to the present invention, the sunscreen composition can include one or more active agents, such as organic and inorganic UV filters, and other ingredients or additives, such as emulsifiers, emollients, viscosity modifiers, stabilizers, preservatives, or fragrances.

[0030] Suitable decorative preparations are, for example, lipsticks, nail varnishes, eye shadows, mascaras, dry or wet make-up, blushers, powders, hair removers and suntan lotions.

[0031] Suitable skin care formulations are, for example, moisturizing, improving and lifting formulations. The daily care compositions mentioned can be in the form of a cream, ointment, paste, foam, gel, lotion, powder, make-up, spray, stick or aerosol.

[0032] The term "UV filter" or "ultraviolet ray filter" as used herein refers to an organic or inorganic compound that can absorb ultraviolet radiation from sunlight and also reflect and scatter it. UV filters can be classified as UV-A, UV-B or broadband filters depending on their UV protection curve.

[0033] Generally, UV light can be divided into UV-A radiation (320-400 nm) and UV-B radiation (290-320 nm). The definition of "broadband" protection (also called broad spectrum or broad-spectrum protection) is based on the "critical wavelength". To cover the broad band, UV-B and UV-A protection must be provided. According to US requirements, the critical wavelength must be at least 370 nm to achieve broad-spectrum protection. The term "critical wavelength" is defined as the wavelength at which the area under the UV protection curve (protection rate (%) vs. wavelength) is 90% of the total area under the curve in the UV region (290-400 nm). For example, a critical wavelength of 370 nm means that the protection by the sunscreen composition is not limited to UV-B wavelengths, i.e., 290-320 nm, but extends to 370 nm so that at 370 nm it reaches 90% of the total area under the protection curve in the UV region.

[0034] Suitable rinse-off face and body care products are, for example, shampoos, conditioners, shower gels, body scrubs, face scrubs and hand soaps.In particular, rinse-off products are hair shampoos, shower gels, soaps, detergent bars, cleaning pastes, cleaning lotions, scrub formulations, face washes, intimate cleansers, foam baths, oil baths, shower baths, shaving foams, shaving lotions, shaving creams, foaming powders / tabs and dental care products (e.g. toothpastes, mouthwashes, etc.).Baby care products such as baby shampoos and baths are also suitable rinse-off products.

[0035] The term "emollient" relates to certain cosmetic oils used to protect, moisturize and lubricate the skin. The term emollient comes from the Latin "mollire" (to soften). In general, emollients prevent the evaporation of water by forming an occlusive cover on the skin. They can be divided into different groups according to their polarity index.

[0036] The term "polarity index" refers to non-polar or polar oils. Non-polar oils are mainly composed of hydrocarbons and do not contain electronegative elements such as oxygen. In contrast, polar oils contain heteroatoms with different electronegativities, which result in a dipole moment. However, this type of oil is still insoluble in water, i.e., hydrophobic. The polarity index can be determined by measuring the interfacial tension between each oil and water.

[0037] The term "administering" refers to the application of a sunscreen or daily care composition to human skin.

[0038] prefix C n ~C m indicates in each case the possible number of carbon atoms in the group.

[0039] The term "alkyl" as used herein in each instance refers to a straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl group typically having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 26 or 1 to 6 or 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Examples of alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, n-hexyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl and 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl.

[0040] The term "alkoxy" as used herein denotes in each case a straight or branched chain alkyl group, usually having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 2 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 carbon atom, attached via an oxygen atom. Examples of alkoxy groups are methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, iso-propoxy, n-butyloxy, 2-butyloxy, iso-butyloxy, tert-butyloxy, etc.

[0041] The term "hydroxyalkyl" as used herein denotes in each case a straight or branched alkyl group, usually having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, further substituted with 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 2 hydroxy groups, in particular one hydroxy group. Preferably, one hydroxy group terminates the straight or branched alkyl group such that the hydroxy group is attached to an alkyl bridge attached to the remainder of the molecule. Examples of hydroxyalkyl groups are hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, n-hydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, n-hydroxybutyl, 2-hydroxybutyl, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl, n-hydroxypentyl and n-hydroxyhexyl.

[0042] The term "alkylene" as used herein refers to a linear or branched alkylene group that is a linking group that typically has 1 to 4 carbon atoms, e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4 carbon atoms. The alkylene group bridges from a particular group to the remainder of the molecule. Preferred alkylene groups include methylene (CH2), ethylene (CH2CH2), propylene (CH2CH2CH2), and the like. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that when referring to, for example, CH2, where the carbon atom is tetravalent, two valences are left to form a bridge (-CH2-). Similarly, when referring to, for example, CH2CH2, each carbon atom has one valence left to form (-CH2CH2-). Additionally, when referring to, for example, CH2CH2CH2, each terminal carbon atom has one valence left to form a bridge (-CH2CH2CH2-).

[0043] The term "heterocyclic" or "heterocyclyl", unless otherwise specified, generally includes a monocyclic ring having 3 to 9 members, preferably 4 to 8 members or 5 to 7 members, more preferably 5 or 6 members, especially 6 members. Heterocyclic rings can be saturated, partially or fully unsaturated or aromatic, where saturated means that only single bonds are present, partially or fully unsaturated means that one or more double bonds may be present at appropriate positions, but the Hückel rule for aromaticity does not hold, while aromatic means that the Hückel (4n+2) rule holds. Heterocyclic rings typically contain one or more, for example 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 1, 2 or 3, heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring members, and the S atom as a ring member can be present as S, SO or SO2. The remaining ring members are carbon atoms. In a preferred embodiment, the heterocycle is an aromatic heterocycle, preferably a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocycle, containing one or more, for example 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 1, 2 or 3, heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring members, and the S atom as ring member can be present as S, SO or SO2. Examples of aromatic heterocycles related to the definition of "hetaryl" are shown below. "Hetaryl" or "heteroaryl" are included in the term "heterocycle". Saturated or partially or fully unsaturated heterocycles usually contain 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, preferably 1, 2 or 3, heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring members, and the S atom as ring member can be present as S, SO or SO2. Those skilled in the art will recognize that S, SO or SO2 are as follows: [ka]

[0044] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that resonance structures may be possible in the oxidized form. Saturated heterocycles include, unless otherwise specified, generally 3-9 membered, preferably 4-8 membered or 5-7 membered, more preferably 5 or 6 membered monocyclic rings containing 3-9, preferably 4-8 membered or 5-7 membered, more preferably 5 or 6 membered atoms containing at least one heteroatom, such as pyrrolidine, tetrahydrothiophene, tetrahydrofuran, piperidine, tetrahydropyran, dioxane, morpholine or piperazine.

[0045] The term "aryl" or "aromatic carbocycle" preferably includes six-membered aromatic carbocycles based on carbon atoms as ring members. A preferred example is phenyl.

[0046] The term "fatty alcohol" as used herein relates to linear or branched, preferably linear primary alcohols. Fatty alcohols may contain from 4 to 26 carbon atoms. According to the invention, the term fatty alcohol includes saturated and unsaturated alcohols. The double bonds of unsaturated fatty alcohols may result in either cis or trans isomers. According to the invention, the term fatty alcohol includes saturated and unsaturated alcohols. 1-butanol, 1-hexanol, 1-octanol, 1-decanol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, palmitoyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, arachidyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, erucyl alcohol, lignoceryl alcohol and ceryl alcohol should be mentioned in this context.

[0047] As used herein, the term "fatty alcohol-based surfactant" refers to a surfactant resulting from the reaction of the primary alcohol group of a fatty alcohol.

[0048] The term "fatty acid" as used herein relates to linear or branched, preferably linear, primary carboxylic acids. Fatty acids may contain from 4 to 26 carbon atoms. According to the invention, the term fatty acid encompasses saturated and unsaturated acids. The double bonds of unsaturated fatty acids may result in either cis or trans isomers. Caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, sapienic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, vaccenic acid, linoleic acid, linoelaidic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, arachidic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, erucic acid, behenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, lignoceric acid and cerotic acid should be mentioned in this context.

[0049] As used herein, the term "fatty acid based surfactant" refers to surfactants resulting from the reaction of primary carboxylic acid groups of fatty acids.

[0050] The term "oil palm" as used herein refers to the species of the palm also known as "Elaeis guineensis". It is the primary source of "palm oil".

[0051] As used herein, the term "coconut palm" refers to a member of the palm tree family (Arecaceae), also known as Cocos nucifera. It is the primary source of "palm oil".

[0052] The term "macauba palm" as used herein refers to a palm species. Exemplary species are Acrocomia aculeata (also known as macauba, boicauba, macauba, coco de catalo, coco baboso, and coco de espinho), Acrocomia hassleri, and Acrocomia totei. Macauba palms, for example, can grow up to a height of about 15 m. The macauba fruit includes pulp and a kernel.

[0053] As used herein, the term "pulp" refers to the inner flesh of a fruit.

[0054] As used herein, the term "kernel" is synonymous with "seed" or "almond."

[0055] The term "cleaning composition" as used herein includes home care formulations, industrial care formulations and institutional care formulations. Home care formulations are typically used by individual consumers, while industrial care formulations are typically used by industry, and institutional care formulations are typically used, for example, in clinics and nursing homes. However, it is also possible that each formulation can be used in a different field than intended. Thus, institutional care formulations can also be used by individual consumers or industries, and vice versa. Typically, cleaning compositions are for, for example, laundry, dishwashing, hard surface cleaning, food and beverage service and kitchen hygiene, food and beverage processing, commercial laundry, sanitation, institutional cleaning, industrial cleaning, and vehicle and transportation care.

[0056] The term "nutritional formulation" as used herein includes food and feed formulations. Nutritional formulations may have any suitable form, e.g. liquid or solid, and may be administered or ingested in any suitable manner, e.g. orally, parenterally or rectally.

[0057] The term "pharmaceutical formulation" as used herein refers to any suitable pharmaceutical formulation that may be administered in any suitable manner, such as, for example, by oral, transdermal, parenteral, nasal, vaginal or rectal application. Suitable solid pharmaceutical formulations may be in the form of tablets, suppositories or capsules or in the form of a spray. Suitable transdermal pharmaceutical formulations include formulations such as patches or sprays, lotions, creams, oils, foams, ointments, powders or gels. Liquid pharmaceutical formulations are preferably administered orally, parenterally or nasally.

[0058] As used herein, the term "liquid" also encompasses semi-solid states in which the fluid has an increased viscosity (eg, creams, gels, ointments).

[0059] As used herein, the term "crop formulation" includes pesticide formulations, fungicide formulations and herbicidal formulations.

[0060] The term "oil yield in tonnes / ha / year" as used herein relates to the oil obtained from the fruit of the plant, for example by extraction, the fruit including the pulp and the kernel. It refers to the oil produced per hectare. It should be understood that the values ​​refer to the oil yield obtained from a monoculture, the plant being grown under standard conditions, which depend on the respective plant and are known to the person skilled in the art. Thus, if the plant is not grown in a monoculture (for example in a cattle ranch), the respective value for this particular cultivation may be reduced. Typically, oil palm has an oil yield in tonnes / ha / year of about 3.8 t / ha / yr, rapeseed has an oil yield in tonnes / ha / year of about 0.8 t / ha / yr, sunflower has an oil yield in tonnes / ha / year of about 0.7 t / ha / yr, and soybean has an oil yield in tonnes / ha / year of about 0.6 t / ha / yr.

[0061] The term "monocultivation" as used herein refers to the practice of cultivating one plant, for example the macauba palm, at a time in a field. In the example of the macauba palm, about 500 to about 600 palms per hectare may be planted. In this context, the minimum spacing between the trees is preferably about 3.5 to 4.5 meters. This figure varies, for example, depending on the soil. The growth of the macauba plant is described below. Growth is slow, since in the first year the major development occurs below the ground surface. Thus, the plant itself grows about 80 to 100 cm. From the second year onwards, when the plant size is about 100 to 150 cm), growth becomes faster and there is an increase in the development of the aboveground part of the plant. A fully mature plant that provides the required oil yield per hectare per year is about 5 to 6 years old.

[0062] The water consumption of the macauba plant is 50% less than that of palm. Macauba plantations can be located in areas with a minimum rainfall of 1,200 mm per year.

[0063] The term "agroforestry" as used herein refers to a land use management system in which trees or shrubs are grown around or among other trees or shrubs or other plants such as crops or pastures. It should be understood that not only one type of other plant may be present in agroforestry. In the example of macaubay palm, for example, about 250 to about 360 or about 325 to about 350 trees per hectare may be planted. In this context, suitable crops that may be planted together with macaubay palm are typically beans, cassava, corn, cereals, sunflowers, peanuts, rapeseed, soybeans and mixtures thereof.

[0064] As used herein, the term "silvopastoral" refers to a land use management system in which trees and optionally grasses are planted within livestock grazing land. In the example of macaubay palm, for example, about 275 to about 450 or about 375 to about 400 trees per hectare may be planted.

[0065] Preferred embodiments relating to the process for producing a fatty acid based surfactant or a particular fatty acid based surfactant, as well as the use thereof and products containing it, are described below. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments of the present invention are preferred alone or in combination with each other.

[0066] One advantage of the present invention is that the fatty acid compositions or fatty acid based surfactants of the present invention exhibit improved storage stability and improved handling and processability.

[0067] The fatty acid composition or fatty acid-based surfactant of the present invention has in particular improved storage stability. Improved storage stability is achieved when the composition does not show any visible (e.g., turbidity, discoloration, phase separation, aggregation) or measurable (e.g., pH, viscosity, active substance content, color) or perceptible (odor) changes over time. Preferably, improved storage stability is achieved when less color formation is observed during storage at high temperatures, such as 40°C or higher. Also, preferably, improved storage stability is achieved when no turbidity or phase separation during storage at low temperatures, such as 15°C or lower, can be observed for aqueous compositions. Even more preferably, improved storage stability is achieved when the composition solidifies and melts over a well-defined narrow temperature range at low temperature levels (<15°C). The solidification / melting temperature range of the composition can be determined by DSC measurement (differential scanning calorimetry). Most preferably, improved storage stability is achieved when the composition remains stable without change for as long as possible.

[0068] Preferably, the fatty acid composition or fatty acid-based surfactant of the present invention has improved handling and processability.Improved handling and processability is particularly achieved when the aqueous composition is free flowing at room temperature (about 23°C) and / or has a viscosity that allows it to be easily stirred and pumped (e.g., exhibits shear thinning behavior).Preferably, improved handling and processability is achieved when the aqueous composition can be quickly dissolved in the water phase, ideally without further heating (at about 23°C).Also preferably, improved handling and processability is achieved when the time required to prepare a personal care composition using this composition is as short as possible.

[0069] One advantage of the present invention is that personal care compositions, cleaning compositions, nutritional formulations, pharmaceutical formulations or crop formulations of the fatty acid compositions or fatty acid based surfactants of the present invention exhibit improved viscosity and flow behavior, and / or improved appearance / clarity, and / or improved mildness, and / or improved surface activity and cleaning ability, and / or improved foaming ability, and / or improved care performance.

[0070] What is understood as advantageous viscosity and flow behavior depends on the intended use and application of the personal care composition. For aqueous personal care compositions, cleaning compositions, nutritional formulations, pharmaceutical formulations or crop formulations of the fatty acid composition or fatty acid-based surfactant of the present invention, such as shower gels and shampoos, it is desirable to have a high viscosity in the range of 5000 to 20000 mPas (measured with a Brookfield RV laboratory rheometer at 23°C, 10 rpm, spindle selection according to the viscosity range). As is known, "mPas" means millipascal seconds. Thus, improved viscosity and flow behavior for aqueous personal care compositions, cleaning compositions, nutritional formulations, pharmaceutical formulations or crop formulations of the fatty acid composition or fatty acid-based surfactant of the present invention, such as shower gels and shampoos, is preferably achieved by having a higher viscosity with the same concentration of the fatty acid composition or fatty acid-based surfactant (and the same concentration of other ingredients) or by having the same viscosity with a lower concentration of the fatty acid composition or fatty acid-based surfactant (and / or a lower concentration of other ingredients). Preferably, improved viscosity and flow behavior for aqueous personal care compositions, cleaning compositions, nutritional, pharmaceutical or crop formulations of the fatty acid compositions or fatty acid based surfactants of the present invention, such as shower gels and shampoos, is achieved when the viscosity is insensitive or less sensitive to temperature (e.g. no or less viscosity decrease at elevated temperatures, such as 40°C or higher).Finally, also preferably, improved viscosity and flow behavior for aqueous personal care compositions, cleaning compositions, nutritional, pharmaceutical or crop formulations of the fatty acid composition or fatty acid based surfactant of the present invention, such as shower gels and shampoos, is achieved if the viscosity is insensitive or less sensitive to the addition of parfum (e.g., the viscosity does not decrease or decreases less) and / or if the composition has a shear thinning flow behavior (which means that the viscosity decreases when shear stress is applied to the composition (e.g., when it is moved, stirred, pumped, shaken)) and / or if the composition has a high viscosity when at rest (in a bottle / package, when collected in the palm of the hand) and a low viscosity under shear stress (e.g., when administered, squeezed out of a bottle or dispensed / applied and rubbed between the hands and / or hair).

[0071] For aqueous personal care compositions, cleaning compositions, nutritional formulations, pharmaceutical formulations or crop formulations of the fatty acid composition or fatty acid surfactant of the present invention, such as pump foams, sprays, micellar waters or makeup removers, a very low viscosity of less than 200 mPas is required. In this case, it is advantageous to either achieve a lower viscosity using the same concentration of the fatty acid composition or fatty acid surfactant (and the same concentration of other ingredients), or to achieve the same viscosity using a higher concentration of the fatty acid composition or fatty acid surfactant (and / or a higher concentration of other ingredients).

[0072] For aqueous personal care compositions, cleaning compositions, nutritional formulations, pharmaceutical formulations or crop formulations of the fatty acid composition or fatty acid surfactant of the present invention, a transparent composition is often required, especially when transparent packaging is used.Therefore, preferably, the care composition of the present invention has improved transparency.Transparency can be quantitatively determined by transmittance measurement using TurbiScan MA 2000 (a measuring instrument manufactured by Formulaction) at 23°C.Preferably, the care composition of the present invention has an average transmittance of at least 80%, more preferably at least 85%, and most preferably at least 88%.

[0073] It is desirable for the fatty acid composition or fatty acid-based surfactant personal care composition, cleaning composition, nutritional formulation, pharmaceutical formulation or crop formulation of the present invention to have good skin and mucous membrane (eye and oral cavity) compatibility, and therefore low irritation potential (also indicated as mildness).The fatty acid composition or fatty acid-based surfactant personal care composition, cleaning composition, nutritional formulation, pharmaceutical formulation or crop formulation of the present invention has improved mildness.Irritation potential can be determined by methods known to those skilled in the art, for example, in vitro methods such as RBC, HET-CAM or model tissue tests (Epi-Ocular / Epi-Oral) and also subjects (e.g. skin patch test, "tear-free" test by panelists).

[0074] It is also advantageous for the fatty acid composition or fatty acid-based surfactant of the present invention to have improved surface activity. Improved surface activity is characterized by either a lower CMC (critical micelle concentration), lower surface tension or faster ability to reduce surface tension than the fatty acid composition or fatty acid-based surfactant of the composition derived from other oil sources. The surface can be, for example, the interface between an aqueous composition and either air, gas or oil. Thus, the fatty acid composition or fatty acid-based surfactant of the present invention to have improved surface activity. Surface activity can be measured by CMC measurement using a tensiometer (DCAT, DataPhysics Instruments GmbH or equivalent), dynamic surface tension measurement using bubble pressure method (SITA-Online T60, Sita Messtechnik GmbH or equivalent). These characteristics are also relevant in determining the cleaning, dispersing, emulsifying and solubilizing capabilities of the composition, especially for the removal of dirt and oily materials from hair, skin, hard surfaces and fabrics.

[0075] Compositions comprising the fatty acid composition or fatty acid-based surfactant of the present invention, as well as personal care compositions, cleaning compositions, nutritional formulations, pharmaceutical formulations or crop formulations of the fatty acid composition or fatty acid-based surfactant of the present invention, also exhibit the improved storage stability defined above.

[0076] It is desirable that the personal care composition, cleaning composition, nutritional formulation, pharmaceutical formulation or crop formulation of the fatty acid composition or fatty acid surfactant of the present invention has good foaming ability.It is particularly desirable that the composition can generate foam with high initial foam volume when used, for example, by rubbing between hands, skin and / or hair; and / or is stable after foam formation is completed, so that it shows no or less volume loss compared to the initial foam volume, and / or shows no or less drainage (no liquid accumulates under the foam or only a little liquid accumulates); and / or has small foam bubbles and narrow foam bubble size distribution; and / or has high water content (liquid volume in foam / total volume of foam); and / or has high elasticity; and / or has favorable foam feel, such as soft and thick feel of foam, creaminess, elasticity, moldability and overall acceptability by consumers. Preferably, the foams derived from the personal care, cleaning, nutritional, pharmaceutical or crop formulations of the fatty acid composition or fatty acid based surfactant of the present invention exhibit the above characteristics even in the absence of anionic surfactants and under harsh conditions such as in the presence of high salt loads, in the presence of high oil loads, under acidic or alkaline conditions, at low temperatures, in hard water (e.g. 15° dH).

[0077] The foaming behavior of an aqueous composition (or a dry composition dissolved in water) can be investigated, for example, by stirring, shaking, pumping, bubbling through a gas stream or otherwise agitating the solution within a short period of time (about 10-200 seconds) and then monitoring the foam volume over time (up to 30 minutes) and taking pictures of the foam structure for image analysis. Testing equipment such as Foam Expert (SITA Messtechnik GmbH) or Dynamic Foam Analyzer DFA 100 (Kruess) can be used for that purpose. Furthermore, the foam can be evaluated by rheological measurements in a viscometer.

[0078] Preferably, the fatty acid composition or fatty acid-based surfactant personal care composition, cleaning composition, nutritional formulation, pharmaceutical formulation or crop formulation derived from Macauba oil leaves a gentler feel after application on hair and / or skin than compositions containing fatty acid compositions or fatty acid-based surfactants derived from other oil sources. This can be examined, for example, by a test panel with reference to subjective skin feel (smoothness, dryness, etc.) or the touch and feel of treated hair. Mechanical measurement methods such as hair compatibility or hair cutting can also be used.

[0079] Preferred embodiments of the fatty acid composition or fatty acid surfactant composition derived from macaubay oil or fatty acid composition or fatty acid surfactant composition obtainable by a process comprising the steps of amidation and reaction with chloroacetic acid and its use for the manufacture of fatty acid composition or fatty acid surfactant, its use as surfactant in personal care composition and / or cleaning composition, and these personal care composition and cleaning composition themselves are described below. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments of the present invention are preferred alone or in combination with each other.

[0080] It is a particular advantage of the process of the present invention that it is more efficient, less energy intensive and therefore has a higher sustainability and a better carbon footprint. This is because macauba oil has a lower melting point than, for example, the commonly used palm kernel oil. It therefore has a lower viscosity at comparable temperatures and can therefore be processed at lower temperatures and with lower energy demands. Another reason is that the sustainability of macauba oil is higher than that of oils derived from other oil sources such as coconut oil, palm oil or palm kernel oil, due to the growth conditions that use less water, less space requirements, higher productivity and higher robustness to allow growth in less specialized conditions.

[0081] As noted above, the present invention provides, in one embodiment, a process for producing a fatty acid based surfactant, comprising: a) converting oil extracted from macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr into a fatty acid composition; b) C4 fatty acids, C6 fatty acids, C8 fatty acids, C 10 fatty acids, C 12 fatty acids, C 14 fatty acids, C 16 fatty acids, C 18 fatty acids, C 20 Fatty acids and C 22 Separating a fatty acid selected from the group consisting of fatty acids from the fatty acid composition obtained in step a), c) optionally mixing at least two of the separated fatty acids; d) Then C4 fatty acids, C6 fatty acids, C8 fatty acids, C 10 fatty acids, C 12 fatty acids, C 14 fatty acids, C 16 fatty acids, C 18 fatty acids, C 20 Fatty acids and C 22 converting at least one of the separated fatty acids selected from the group consisting of fatty acids into a respective fatty acid based surfactant. The present invention relates to a process comprising:

[0082] In a preferred embodiment, the macaubay palm is Acrocomia hassleri, Acrocomia totei and / or Acrocomia aculeata, in particular Acrocomia aculeata.

[0083] In a preferred embodiment, the oil is extracted from palm pulp and / or palm kernel.

[0084] In a preferred embodiment, the oil is extracted from macauba kernel, preferably the macauba is Acrocomia hassleri, Acrocomia totei and / or Acrocomia aculeata, and the oil is more preferably extracted from Acrocomia hassleri kernel, Acrocomia totei kernel and / or Acrocomia aculeata kernel, in particular the macauba is Acrocomia aculeata and the oil is extracted from Acrocomia aculeata kernel.

[0085] In another preferred embodiment, the oil is extracted from macauba pulp, in particular, the macauba palm is Acrocomia aculeata, and the oil is extracted from Acrocomia aculeata pulp.

[0086] In another preferred embodiment, the oil is extracted from the macauba pulp and kernel, in particular, the macauba palm is Acrocomia aculeata, and the oil is extracted from the Acrocomia aculeata pulp and kernel.

[0087] In a preferred embodiment, the plants are capable of growing well under tropical and subtropical conditions.

[0088] In a preferred embodiment, the macaubay palm can grow well in an area between 30 degrees north latitude and 28 degrees south latitude, preferably between 25 degrees north latitude and 25 degrees south latitude.

[0089] In a preferred embodiment, the Macaubay palm grows well in a temperature range of 18-30° C., more preferably 20-28° C. In this connection, it should be understood that the temperature range is the average temperature over a year. Thus, the Macaubay palm is preferably less susceptible to temperature fluctuations.

[0090] The term "well grown" as used herein indicates that the required oil yield is achievable under standard cultivation conditions.

[0091] More particularly, oil palm is grown under tropical conditions and at a preferred temperature of about 24-28°C, at least 100 mm / m 2 It requires 1000 liters of rain per month and a humidity level of about 50-70%. These factors limit the potential for profitable cultivation.

[0092] In a preferred embodiment, the process provides reduced water demand.

[0093] In a preferred embodiment, the process provides for a reduction in biodiversity loss.

[0094] In a preferred embodiment, the process provides for a reduction in habitat loss for local tribes.

[0095] In a preferred embodiment, the process provides for reduced deforestation.

[0096] In a preferred embodiment, the process provides improved restoration of degraded areas and / or springs and watersheds.

[0097] In a preferred embodiment, the process provides improved water retention in the soil.

[0098] In this context, it should be understood that the reductions or improvements outlined above are compared to plants, preferably oil palms, having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr.

[0099] In a preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from the macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes per hectare per year of at least 6 t / ha / yr is crude oil, i.e., has not been further processed after extraction from the macaubay palm.

[0100] In another preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from the macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr is a filtered oil, i.e. the crude oil is first filtered by any filtration system known in the art and then used in the process. A suitable filtration process is, for example, press filtration.

[0101] In a preferred embodiment, in step a), the conversion is carried out under chemical or enzymatic conditions, preferably under chemical conditions.

[0102] In a preferred embodiment, step a) involves hydrolysis. Any suitable hydrolysis method may be performed. In a preferred embodiment, the hydrolysis is preferably performed in the presence of a catalyst, preferably under chemical conditions. In another embodiment, the hydrolysis is preferably performed under enzymatic conditions, preferably at a temperature of 32-40°C.

[0103] The process may further include partial or complete hydrogenation, where the double bonds of the fatty acid moieties are completely or partially removed. When the process includes complete hydrogenation, the fatty acid composition does not include unsaturated moieties.

[0104] As a by-product of the hydrolysis, glycerol can be obtained, preferably after a purification step.

[0105] In a preferred embodiment, the process further comprises the step of separating and removing glycerol.

[0106] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition in step a) comprises at least 45% by weight of C4-C6 fatty acid, based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition. 22 Fatty acids, preferably C6-C 20 Fatty acids, preferably C8-C 18 Fatty acids, even more preferably C8-C 16 Fatty acid or C 16 ~C 18 Fatty acids, especially C 10 ~C 16 Contains fatty acids.

[0107] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition in step a) comprises, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition: 1 to 20% by weight of a C8 fatty acid; 1-8% by weight C 10 fatty acid, 30-48% by weight C 12 fatty acid, 5-15% by weight C 14 fatty acid, 4-13% by weight C 16 fatty acid, 15-42% by weight C 18 Fatty acids, and 0-5% by weight C 20 fatty acid The fatty acid composition is preferably obtained from oil extracted from macauba kernel.

[0108] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition in step a) comprises, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition: 3 to 7% by weight, preferably 4 to 6% by weight, of C8 fatty acids; 2 to 6% by weight, preferably 3 to 5% by weight of C 10 fatty acid, 36 to 46% by weight, preferably 38 to 42% by weight of C 12 fatty acid, 6 to 13% by weight, preferably 8 to 11% by weight of C 14 fatty acid, 5 to 11% by weight, preferably 6 to 9% by weight of C 16 fatty acid, 25 to 40% by weight, preferably 30 to 38% by weight of C 18 Fatty acids, and 0 to 4% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight of C 20 fatty acid The fatty acid composition is preferably obtained from oil extracted from macauba kernel.

[0109] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition in step a) comprises, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition: 0 to 5% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight, particularly 0 to 2% by weight of C 10 fatty acid, 0 to 6% by weight, preferably 0 to 5% by weight, in particular 1 to 4% by weight of C 12 fatty acid, 0 to 6% by weight, preferably 0 to 5% by weight, in particular 1 to 4% by weight of C 14 fatty acid, 10 to 35% by weight, preferably 13 to 32% by weight, in particular 15 to 30% by weight of C 16 fatty acid, 55 to 85% by weight, preferably 60 to 80% by weight, particularly 65 to 75% by weight of C 18 fatty acid, 0 to 4% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight, particularly 0 to 2% by weight of C 20 fatty acid The fatty acid composition is preferably obtained from oil extracted from macauba pulp.

[0110] In a more preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition comprises, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition: 0.1 to 10% by weight of a C6 fatty acid, 1 to 20% by weight of a C8 fatty acid; 1-8% by weight C 10 fatty acid, 30-48% by weight C 12 fatty acid, 5-15% by weight C 14 fatty acid, 4-13% by weight C 16fatty acid, 15-42% by weight C 18 Fatty acids, and 0-5% by weight C 20 fatty acid Includes.

[0111] In an even more preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition comprises, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition: 0.2 to 4% by weight, preferably 0.4 to 1.5% by weight, of a C6 fatty acid; 3 to 7% by weight, preferably 4 to 6% by weight, of C8 fatty acids; 2 to 6% by weight, preferably 3 to 5% by weight of C 10 fatty acid, 36 to 46% by weight, preferably 38 to 42% by weight of C 12 fatty acid, 6 to 13% by weight, preferably 8 to 11% by weight of C 14 fatty acid, 5 to 11% by weight, preferably 6 to 9% by weight of C 16 fatty acid, 25 to 40% by weight, preferably 30 to 38% by weight of C 18 Fatty acids, and 0 to 4% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight of C 20 fatty acid Includes.

[0112] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition in step a) comprises at least 85% by weight of C4-C6 fatty acid, based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition. 22 Fatty acids, preferably C 10 ~C 22 Fatty acids, more preferably C 12 ~C 20 Fatty acids, even more preferably C 12 ~C 20 Fatty acids, especially C 12 ~C 18 Contains fatty acids.

[0113] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition in step a) contains at least 10% by weight of C, based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition. 16 Fatty acids and at least 75% by weight of C18 Contains fatty acids.

[0114] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition in step a) contains 10 to 25 wt. % of C, based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition. 16 Fatty acids and 75-90% by weight C 18 Contains fatty acids.

[0115] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition in step a) has at least 80 wt. %, preferably at least 90 wt. %, in particular at least 95 wt. %, C based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition. 12~14 Contains fatty acids.

[0116] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition comprises at least 80 wt. %, preferably at least 90 wt. %, in particular at least 95 wt. %, of C based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition. 12~18 Contains fatty acids.

[0117] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition in step a) contains at least 2 wt. % C, based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition. 10 Fatty acids, at least 35% by weight C 12 Fatty acids, at least 5% by weight C 14 Fatty acids and at least 4% by weight of C 16 Contains fatty acids.

[0118] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition in step a) comprises 3-7 wt. % C8 fatty acids, 2-6 wt. % C10 fatty acids, and 2-6 wt. % C20 fatty acids, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition. 10 Fatty acids, 35-45% by weight C 12 Fatty acids, 5-13% by weight C 14 Fatty acids and 4-10% by weight of C 16 Contains fatty acids.

[0119] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition comprises 0.2-4 wt. % C6 fatty acid, 3-7 wt. % C8 fatty acid, 2-6 wt. % C9 fatty acid, and 2-6 wt. % C10 fatty acid, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition. 10 Fatty acids, 35-45% by weight C12 Fatty acids, 5-13% by weight C 14 Fatty acids and 4-10% by weight of C 16 Contains fatty acids.

[0120] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition comprises at least 90% by weight of C6 fatty acids, based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition.

[0121] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition comprises at least 90% by weight of C8 fatty acids, based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition.

[0122] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition comprises at least 90% by weight of C based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition. 10 Contains fatty acids.

[0123] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition comprises at least 90% by weight of C based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition. 12 Contains fatty acids.

[0124] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition comprises at least 90% by weight of C based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition. 14 Contains fatty acids.

[0125] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition comprises at least 90% by weight of C based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition. 16 Contains fatty acids.

[0126] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition comprises at least 90% by weight of C based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition. 18 Contains fatty acids.

[0127] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition comprises at least 95% by weight of C based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition. 12~14 C, each of which is 36 to 46% by weight, preferably 38 to 42% by weight, based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition. 12 Fatty acids and 6 to 13% by weight, preferably 8 to 11% by weight of C 14It further comprises fatty acids.

[0128] In a preferred embodiment, the macaubay palm has an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year in the range of at least 7 t / ha / yr, preferably at least 8 t / ha / yr.

[0129] In a preferred embodiment, the Macaubay palm has an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year in the range of 6-30 t / ha / yr, preferably 7-20 t / ha / yr, more preferably 8-15 t / ha / yr or 8-12 t / ha / yr or 8-11 t / ha / yr.

[0130] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid based surfactant provided in step d) is selected from the group consisting of (oleic or saturated) sulfonates, amides, isethionates, taurates, glycolipids, amino acids, esterquats, sophorolipids, rhamnolipids, amphoacetates, ethoxylates, sorbitan esters, ethoxylated sorbitan esters, alkyl ether ethoxylates, polyglyceryl esters, glycerol esters, glyceryl glucosides and soaps.

[0131] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid surfactant provided in step d) has the general formula (I) R 1 CH(SO3M 1 )COOM 2 (I) (In the formula, the group R 1 is a linear alkyl or alkenyl group having 6 to 16 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms, and the group M 1 and M 2 are independently selected from the group H, Li, Na, K, Ca / 2, Mg / 2, ammonium and alkanolamines, such as triethanolammonium. It is an α-sulfofatty acid di-salt (A).

[0132] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid surfactant provided in step d) has the general formula (II) R2 CH(SO3M 7 )COOR 3 (II) (In the formula, the group R 2 is a linear alkyl or alkenyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms, and the group R 3 is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, the group R 3 is an alkenyl group or may be branched only on three carbon atoms, and the group M 7 is selected from the group of Li, Na, K, Ca / 2, Mg / 2, ammonium and alkanolamines, e.g. triethanolammonium) is the sulfonic acid ester (B) of the formula:

[0133] The fatty acid derived sulfonates can be accessed by any suitable method known in the art.

[0134] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid surfactant provided in step d) is an amide selected from the group consisting of secondary amides, tertiary amides, (methyl)glucamides and alkanolamides. The fatty acid derived amides can be obtained by any suitable method known in the art.

[0135] Suitable secondary and tertiary amides are of the general formula (IIIa) R-CO-NR 10 R 11 (IIIa) (In the formula, R is a saturated or unsaturated C4-C 22 Alkyl, preferably C6-C 20 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 alkyl, and R 10 and R 11 are independently H, C1-C4 alkyl or C1-C8 alkylene -NR 12 R 12’ and R 12 and R 12’ are independently C1-C4 alkyl. It can be represented by:

[0136] In a preferred embodiment, the secondary amide has the general formula (IIIa) R-CO-NR 10 R 11 (IIIa) (Wherein, R is a saturated or unsaturated C 12 ~C 22 Alkyl, preferably C 12 ~C 14 Alkyl or C 15 ~C 19 is alkyl, R 10 is H, and R 11 is C2-C4 alkylene-NR 12 R 12’ and R 12 and R 12’ are independently C1-C3 alkyl. has.

[0137] Suitable (methyl)glucamides are of the general formula (III) R-CO-NR 4 CH2(CHOH)4CH2OH (III) (In the formula, R is a saturated or unsaturated C4-C 22 Alkyl, preferably C6-C 20 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 Alkyl or C 14 ~C 16 alkyl, and R 4 is H or methyl) It can be represented by:

[0138] Preferably, the alkanolamines are of the general formulae (IVa), (IVb) and (IVc) R 13 -CO-NR 14 R 15 (IVa) R 13 -CO-NR 14 R 16 (IVb) R 13 -CO-NR 14 R 17 (IVc) (Wherein, R in compound (IVa) 13 is a linear alkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms, and R 14 and R 15 are, independently of each other, a linear or branched hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R in compound (IVb) 13 is a linear alkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms, R 14 is a linear or branched hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R 16 is hydrogen; R in compound (IVc) 13 is a linear alkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms, R 14 is a linear or branched hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R 17 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The compound is selected from the group consisting of:

[0139] Suitable isethionates are of the general formula (V) R-CO-O-CR 5 R 6 -CR 7 R 8 -SO3K (V) (In the formula, R is a saturated or unsaturated C4-C 22 Alkyl, preferably C6-C 20 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 is alkyl, R 5 ~R 8 are independently H or C1-C4 alkyl, preferably H, and K is an optionally substituted ammonium (such as ammonium or triethanolamine) cation, an alkali metal (such as sodium or potassium). The fatty acid derived isethionates can be accessed by any suitable method known in the art.

[0140] Suitable taurates have the general formula (VI) R-CO-NR 9 -CR 5 R 6 -CR 7 R 8 -SO3K (VI) (In the formula, R is a saturated or unsaturated C4-C 22 Alkyl, preferably C6-C 20 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 is alkyl, R 5 ~R 8 are independently H or C1-C4 alkyl, preferably H; R 9 is H or methyl, and K is an optionally substituted ammonium (such as ammonium or triethanolamine) cation, an alkali metal (such as sodium or potassium). The fatty acid derived taurate can be accessed by any suitable method known in the art.

[0141] A suitable glycolipid has the formula (VII) R-CO-OL (VII) (In the formula, R is a saturated or unsaturated C4-C 22 Alkyl, preferably C6-C 20 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 alkyl, and L is a carbohydrate moiety linked via the C1 carbon atom (i.e., by a glycosidic bond). In a preferred embodiment, L is a galactose or glucose moiety, in particular a glucose moiety. Fatty acid-derived glycolipids can be obtained by any suitable method known in the art.

[0142] Suitable amino acid surfactants are those of formula (VIII) R-CO-NH-C(COH)-R 18 (VIII) (In the formula, R is a saturated or unsaturated C4-C 22 Alkyl, preferably C6-C20 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 alkyl, and R 18 is an amino acid moiety, which is the bond to the carboxylic acid group of a fatty acid via the amino group adjacent to the carboxylic acid group (i.e., the alpha amino group) In a preferred embodiment, R 18 is C1-C6 alkyl or heteroaryl, and each substitutable carbon in the above groups is independently unsubstituted or is substituted with one or more of the same or different substituents R x is replaced by R x is halogen, SH, SMe, (CO)Ry, OH, NHCNHNH2, heteroaryl, aryl or C1-C2 alkyl, where Ry is H, OH or NH2. The amino acids derived from the fatty acids can be utilized by any suitable method known in the art.

[0143] Suitable esterquats are represented by the general formula (IX): R-CO-O-(CH2) n -N(+)R 19 R 20 R 21 R 22 (-) (IX) (In the formula, R is a saturated or unsaturated C4-C 22 Alkyl, preferably C6-C 20 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 alkyl, n is an integer from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 5, (+) indicates a positive charge on the nitrogen, (-) indicates R 22 indicates the negative charge in R 19 is C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl, preferably C1-C3 alkyl or C1-C3 hydroxyalkyl, R 20 is C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl, preferably C1-C3 alkyl or C1-C3 hydroxyalkyl, R 21 is -(CH2) m -O-CO-R 23 m is an integer from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 5, and R23 is linear, saturated or unsaturated C4-C 22 Alkyl, preferably C6-C 20 alkyl, and R 22 is a halide, preferably a chloride. In a preferred embodiment, R can be represented by R 21 The esterquats can be accessed by any suitable method known in the art.

[0144] The preferred sophorolipids are C 14 -, C 16 - or C 18 Sophorose is a glycolipid with a hydrophobic fatty acid tail of -alkyl and a hydrophilic carbohydrate head, a glucose-derived disaccharide with a rare β-1,2 bond, which may be acetylated at the 6' and / or 6" positions, and one terminal or partial terminal hydroxylated fatty acid is β-glycosidically linked to the sophorose module. The carboxylic acid of this fatty acid is either free (acidic or open form) or internally esterified at the 4" or in some cases at the 6' or 6" positions (lactone form). Sophorolipids can be utilized by any suitable method known in the art.

[0145] Suitable rhamnolipids are glycolipids having a glycosyl head group, i.e. a rhamnose moiety, and a 3-(hydroxyalkanoyloxy)alkanoic acid (HAA) fatty acid tail, e.g. 3-hydroxydecanoic acid. Preferably, the fatty acid moiety comprises 6 to 20 carbon atoms, in particular 12 to 14 carbon atoms. It should be understood that the present invention relates to monorhamnolipids and dirhamnolipids, which contain one or two rhamnose groups, respectively. Preferably, the rhamnose groups in the dirhamnolipids are linked via a 1,2-glycosidic bond. Rhamnolipids can be utilized by any suitable method known in the art, preferably via Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

[0146] Suitable monoacetates have the general formula (X): R-CO-NH-(CH2) i -NR24 R 25 (X) (In the formula, R is a saturated or unsaturated C4-C 22 Alkyl, preferably C6-C 20 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 alkyl, i is an integer from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 4, R 24 is C1-C5 alkyl or C1-C5 hydroxyalkyl, preferably C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl, and R 25 is C1-C4 alkylene-R 26 , preferably C1-C2 alkylene-R 26 and R 26 is CO-O(-)U(+), where (-) indicates a negative charge on the oxygen, (+) indicates a positive charge U, and U is a suitable counter ion, e.g., triethanolammonium, Na + , K + or NH4 + , preferably sodium) The amphoacetates can be obtained by any suitable method known in the art. Dehyton PS, Dehyton MC and Dehyton DC can be mentioned in this connection.

[0147] In a preferred embodiment, step a) comprises ai) mixing a fatty acid composition obtained from oil extracted from a macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / ha / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr (preferably between 6 and 30 t / ha / yr, more preferably between 7 and 20 t / ha / yr, even more preferably between 8 and 15 t / ha / yr or between 8 and 12 t / ha / yr or between 8 and 11 t / ha / yr) with a fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / ha / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr, preferably less than 5 t / ha / yr, more preferably less than 4.5 t / ha / yr; In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition disclosed above applied in step a) is first mixed with a fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 0.1-6 t / ha / yr, preferably 0.3-5 t / ha / yr, more preferably 0.5-4.5 t / ha / yr. In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO). In another preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from soybean oil, sunflower oil, olive oil and / or rapeseed oil.

[0148] In yet another preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition obtained from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO), palm kernel oil (PKO), soybean oil, sunflower oil, olive oil and / or rapeseed oil.

[0149] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition obtained from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO).

[0150] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition obtained from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from palm oil (PO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO).

[0151] In a preferred embodiment, step a) comprises ai) mixing a fatty acid composition obtained from an oil extracted from a macauba palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr derived from the macauba kernel with a fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr derived from palm kernel oil (PKO); Further includes:

[0152] In a preferred embodiment, step a) comprises ai) mixing a fatty acid composition obtained from an oil extracted from a macauba palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr derived from the macauba kernel with a fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr derived from coconut oil (CNO); Further includes:

[0153] In a preferred embodiment, step a) comprises ai) mixing a fatty acid composition obtained from an oil extracted from a macauba palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr derived from the macauba kernel with a fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr derived from palm kernel oil (PKO) and coconut oil (CNO); Further includes:

[0154] In a preferred embodiment, step a) comprises ai) mixing a fatty acid composition obtained from an oil extracted from a macauba palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr derived from macauba pulp with a fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr derived from palm oil (PO); Further includes:

[0155] In a preferred embodiment, the process further comprises the steps prior to step a), namely: x) blending oil extracted from macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr with oil extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr, preferably less than 5 t / ha / yr, more preferably less than 4.5 t / ha / yr; In a preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from Macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / ha / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr (preferably 6-30 t / ha / yr, more preferably 7-20 t / ha / yr, even more preferably 8-15 t / ha / yr or 8-12 t / ha / yr or 8-11 t / ha / yr) as disclosed above applied in step a) is first mixed with oil extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / ha / year of less than 0.1-6 t / ha / yr, preferably 0.3-5 t / ha / yr, more preferably 0.5-4.5 t / ha / yr. In a preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / ha / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO). In another preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from soybean oil, sunflower oil, olive oil and / or rapeseed oil.

[0156] In yet another preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO), palm kernel oil (PKO), soybean oil, sunflower oil, olive oil and / or rapeseed oil.

[0157] In a preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO).

[0158] In a preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from palm oil (PO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO).

[0159] In a preferred embodiment, the process further comprises the steps prior to step a), namely: x) blending oil extracted from macauba palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr derived from macauba kernel with oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr derived from palm kernel oil (PKO); Includes.

[0160] In a preferred embodiment, the process further comprises the steps prior to step a), namely: x) blending oil extracted from a macauba palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr derived from the macauba kernel with oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr derived from palm oil (CNO); Includes.

[0161] In a preferred embodiment, the process further comprises the steps prior to step a), namely: x) blending oil extracted from macauba palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr derived from macauba kernel with oil extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr derived from palm kernel oil (PKO) and coconut oil (CNO); Includes.

[0162] In a preferred embodiment, the process further comprises the steps prior to step a), namely: x) blending oil extracted from macauba palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr derived from macauba pulp with oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr derived from palm oil (PO); Includes.

[0163] In a preferred embodiment, step b) is carried out by distillation.

[0164] Preferably, each fatty acid is separated by fractionation of the fatty acid composition. Those skilled in the art are aware of suitable processes such as distillation. In a preferred embodiment, the alcohol is separated by fractional distillation. Preferably, a fractional distillation system is designed as an additional unit operation to produce a single alcohol fraction of high purity. The single or two column system is preferably equipped with high performance structured packaging for minimum pressure drop and highest product quality.

[0165] In a preferred embodiment, the process further comprises a step bi) downstream of step b). bi) mixing the separated fatty acids obtained in step b) with fatty acids obtained from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr, preferably less than 5 t / ha / yr, more preferably less than 4.5 t / ha / yr. In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acids disclosed above obtained in step b) are first mixed with fatty acids obtained from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / ha / year of less than 0.1-6 t / ha / yr, preferably 0.3-5 t / ha / yr, more preferably 0.5-4.5 t / ha / yr. In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acids obtained from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / ha / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr are derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO). In another preferred embodiment, the fatty acids obtained from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / ha / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr are derived from soybean oil, sunflower oil, olive oil and / or rapeseed oil.

[0166] In yet another preferred embodiment, the fatty acids obtained from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr are derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO), palm kernel oil (PKO), soybean oil, sunflower oil, olive oil and / or rapeseed oil.

[0167] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acids obtained from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr are derived from coconut oil (CNO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO).

[0168] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acids obtained from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr are derived from palm oil (PO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO).

[0169] In this context, it should be understood that the fatty acids obtained from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr are preferably equal to the fatty acids obtained in step b). Thus, if step b) provides a specific fatty acid, such as lauric acid, the further fatty acid that is mixed into the mixture is also a specific fatty acid, such as lauric acid (but obtained from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr).

[0170] In a preferred embodiment, the process further comprises a step bi) downstream of step b). bi) mixing the separated fatty acids obtained in step b) obtained from an oil extracted from a macauba palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr derived from the macauba kernel with fatty acids obtained from a plant having an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr derived from palm kernel oil (PKO); Includes.

[0171] In a preferred embodiment, the process further comprises a step bi) downstream of step b). bi) mixing the separated fatty acids obtained in step b) obtained from an oil extracted from a macauba palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr derived from the macauba kernel with fatty acids obtained from a plant having an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr derived from coconut oil (CNO); Includes.

[0172] In a preferred embodiment, the process further comprises a step bi) downstream of step b). bi) mixing the separated fatty acids obtained in step b) obtained from an oil extracted from a macauba palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr derived from the macauba kernel with fatty acids obtained from a plant having an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr derived from palm kernel oil (PKO) and coconut oil (CNO); Includes.

[0173] In a preferred embodiment, the process further comprises a step bi) downstream of step b). bi) mixing the separated fatty acids obtained in step b) obtained from an oil extracted from a macauba palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr derived from macauba pulp with fatty acids obtained from a plant having an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr derived from palm oil (PO); Includes.

[0174] In a preferred embodiment, the process comprises: c) mixing at least two of the separated fatty acids, preferably lauric acid and myristic acid; Further includes:

[0175] In a preferred embodiment, the process comprises: c) mixing at least three of the separated fatty acids Further includes:

[0176] In a preferred embodiment of the process of the present invention, a fatty acid halide is formed in step d).Preferably, the fatty acid halide is a fatty acid chloride having the formula R-COCl.It can be prepared, for example, by treating a fatty acid with a chlorinating agent, such as PCl5, PCl3, thionyl chloride, phosgene or SOCl2.

[0177] In a preferred embodiment of the process of the present invention, an α-olefin is formed in step d). The α-olefin has a double bond in the α-position and has the formula C x H 2x Preferably, the α-olefins in step d) are obtained by biosynthetic routes known from the conversion of renewable raw materials into fuels, for example by enzymatic synthesis from free fatty acids or oils. Preferably, the α-olefins are used to produce surfactants, preferably surfactants selected from the group of α-olefin sulfonates with formula R-SO3M, where R is a linear monounsaturated alkenyl residue having 8 to 20 atoms and M is selected from the group consisting of H, Li, Na, K, Ca / 2, Mg / 2, ammonia and alkanolamines.

[0178] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid surfactant obtained in step d) is mixed with a fatty acid surfactant obtained from a fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6t / ha / yr, preferably less than 5t / ha / yr, more preferably less than 4.5t / ha / yr, and then converted into the respective fatty acid surfactant.In this context, it should be understood that the subsequent conversion preferably provides a fatty acid surfactant equivalent to the fatty acid surfactant obtained in step d).Therefore, when step d) provides a specific fatty acid-based isethionate, the further fatty acid surfactant mixed into the mixture is also a specific fatty acid-based isethionate (however, obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6t / ha / yr).

[0179] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition obtained from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO). In another preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition obtained from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from soybean oil, sunflower oil, olive oil and / or rapeseed oil.

[0180] In yet another preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition obtained from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO), palm kernel oil (PKO), soybean oil, sunflower oil, olive oil and / or rapeseed oil.

[0181] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition obtained from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO).

[0182] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition obtained from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from palm oil (PO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO).

[0183] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid surfactant obtained in step d) obtained from oil extracted from macauba palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr derived from macauba kernel is mixed with a fatty acid surfactant from a fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr derived from palm kernel oil (PKO).

[0184] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid surfactant obtained in step d) obtained from oil extracted from macauba palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr derived from macauba kernel is mixed with a fatty acid surfactant from a fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr derived from coconut oil (CNO).

[0185] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid surfactant obtained in step d) obtained from oil extracted from macauba palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr derived from macauba kernel is mixed with a fatty acid surfactant from a fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr derived from palm kernel oil (PKO) and coconut oil (CNO).

[0186] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid surfactant obtained in step d) obtained from oil extracted from macauba palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr derived from macauba pulp is mixed with a fatty acid surfactant from a fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr derived from palm oil (PO).

[0187] In a preferred embodiment, the process comprises: e) C6 fatty acid surfactants, C8 fatty acid surfactants, C 10 Fatty acid surfactant, C 12 Fatty acid surfactant, C 14 Fatty acid surfactant, C 16 Fatty acid surfactant, C 18 Fatty acid surfactants and C 20 A fatty acid surfactant selected from the group consisting of fatty acid surfactants, preferably C8 fatty acid surfactants, C 10 Fatty acid surfactant, C 12 Fatty acid surfactant, C 14 Fatty acid surfactant, C 16Fatty acid surfactants and C 18 A fatty acid surfactant selected from the group consisting of fatty acid surfactants, particularly C 10 Fatty acid surfactant, C 12 Fatty acid surfactant, C 14 Fatty acid surfactants and C 16 isolating a fatty acid surfactant selected from the group consisting of fatty acid surfactants; f) optionally mixing at least two of the isolated fatty acid surfactants, preferably 10 Fatty acid surfactant, C 12 Fatty acid surfactant, C 14 Fatty acid surfactants and C 16 mixing at least two fatty acid surfactants selected from the group consisting of fatty acid surfactants; Further includes:

[0188] It should be understood that where the process provides a blend, the mixing step is not optional.

[0189] In a preferred embodiment, the process comprises: e) C 10 Fatty acid surfactant, C 12 Fatty acid surfactant, C 14 Fatty acid surfactants and C 16 isolating a fatty acid surfactant selected from the group consisting of fatty acid surfactants; f) Isolated C 10 Fatty acid surfactant, isolated C 12 Fatty acid surfactant, isolated C 14 Fatty acid surfactants and isolated C 16 mixing a fatty acid surfactant; Further includes:

[0190] In a preferred embodiment, the process comprises: e) C 12 Fatty acid surfactant and / or C 14 Isolating the fatty acid surfactant Further includes:

[0191] As mentioned above, the present invention further relates to fatty acid based surfactants and blends thereof obtainable by the process outlined above.

[0192] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid based surfactant is selected from the group consisting of sulfonates, amides, isethionates, taurates, glycolipids, amino acids, esterquats, sophorolipids, rhamnolipids, amphoacetates, ethoxylates, sorbitan esters, ethoxylated sorbitan esters, alkyl ether ethoxylates, polyglyceryl esters, glycerol esters, glyceryl glucosides and soaps.

[0193] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid surfactant has the general formula (I): R 1 CH(SO3M 1 )COOM 2 (I) (In the formula, the group R 1 is a linear alkyl or alkenyl group having 6 to 16 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms, and the group M 1 and M 2 are independently selected from the group H, Li, Na, K, Ca / 2, Mg / 2, ammonium and alkanolamines, such as triethanolammonium. It is an α-sulfofatty acid di-salt (A).

[0194] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid surfactant is represented by the general formula (II): R 2 CH(SO3M 7 )COOR 3 (II) (In the formula, the group R 2 is a linear alkyl or alkenyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms, and the group R 3 is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, the group R 3 is an alkenyl group or may be branched only on three carbon atoms, and the group M7 is selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Ca / 2, Mg / 2, and ammonium In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid surfactant is an amide selected from the group consisting of secondary amides, tertiary amides, (methyl)glucamides and alkanolamides.

[0195] Suitable secondary and tertiary amides are of the general formula (IIIa) R-CO-NR 10 R 11 (IIIa) (In the formula, R is a saturated or unsaturated C4-C 22 Alkyl, preferably C6-C 20 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 alkyl, and R 10 and R 11 are independently H, C1-C4 alkyl or C1-C8 alkylene -NR 12 R 12’ and R 12 and R 12’ are independently C1-C4 alkyl. It can be represented by:

[0196] In a preferred embodiment, the secondary amide has the general formula (IIIa) R-CO-NR 10 R 11 (IIIa) (Wherein, R is a saturated or unsaturated C 12 ~C 22 Alkyl, preferably C 12 ~C 14 Alkyl or C 15 ~C 19 is alkyl, R 10 is H, and R 11 is C2-C4 alkylene-NR 12 R 12’ and R 12 and R 12’ are independently C1-C3 alkyl. has.

[0197] Suitable (methyl)glucamides are of the general formula (III) R-CO-NR 4 CH2(CHOH)4CH2OH (III) (In the formula, R is a saturated or unsaturated C4-C 22 Alkyl, preferably C6-C 20 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 Alkyl or C 14 ~C 16 alkyl, and R 4 is H or methyl) It can be represented by:

[0198] Preferably, the alkanolamines are of the general formulae (IVa), (IVb) and (IVc) R 13 -CO-NR 14 R 15 (IVa) R 13 -CO-NR 14 R 16 (IVb) R 13 -CO-NR 14 R 17 (IVc) (Wherein, R in compound (IVa) 13 is a linear alkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms, and R 14 and R 15 are, independently of each other, a linear or branched hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R in compound (IVb) 13 is a linear alkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms, R 14 is a linear or branched hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R 16 is hydrogen; R in compound (IVc) 13 is a linear alkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms, R 14is a linear or branched hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R 17 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The compound is selected from the group consisting of:

[0199] Suitable isethionates are of the general formula (V) R-CO-O-CR 5 R 6 -CR 7 R 8 -SO3K (V) (In the formula, R is a saturated or unsaturated C4-C 22 Alkyl, preferably C6-C 20 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 is alkyl, R 5 ~R 8 are independently H or C1-C4 alkyl, preferably H, and K is an optionally substituted ammonium (such as ammonium or triethanolamine) cation, an alkali metal (such as sodium or potassium). It can be represented by:

[0200] Suitable taurates have the general formula (VI) R-CO-NR 9 -CR 5 R 6 -CR 7 R 8 -SO3K (VI) (In the formula, R is a saturated or unsaturated C4-C 22 Alkyl, preferably C6-C 20 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 is alkyl, R 5 ~R 8 are independently H or C1-C4 alkyl, preferably H; R 9 is H or methyl, and K is an optionally substituted ammonium (such as ammonium or triethanolamine) cation, an alkali metal (such as sodium or potassium). It can be represented by:

[0201] A suitable glycolipid has the formula (VII) R-CO-OL (VII) (In the formula, R is a saturated or unsaturated C4-C 22 Alkyl, preferably C6-C 20 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 alkyl, and L is a carbohydrate moiety linked via the C1 carbon atom (i.e., by a glycosidic bond). In a preferred embodiment, L is a galactose or glucose moiety, in particular a glucose moiety.

[0202] Suitable amino acid surfactants are those of formula (VIII) R-CO-NH-C(COH)-R 18 (VIII) (In the formula, R is a saturated or unsaturated C4-C 22 Alkyl, preferably C6-C 20 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 alkyl, and R 18 is an amino acid moiety, which is the bond to the carboxylic acid group of a fatty acid via the amino group adjacent to the carboxylic acid group (i.e., the alpha amino group) In a preferred embodiment, R 18 is C1-C6 alkyl or heteroaryl, and each substitutable carbon in the above groups is independently unsubstituted or substituted with one or more of the same or different substituents Rx, where Rx is halogen, SH, SMe, (CO)R y , OH, NHCNHNH2, heteroaryl, aryl or C1-C2 alkyl, and Ry is H, OH or NH2.

[0203] Suitable esterquats are represented by the general formula (IX): R-CO-O-(CH2) n -N(+)R 19 R 20 R 21 R 22 (-) (IX) (In the formula, R is a saturated or unsaturated C4-C 22 Alkyl, preferably C6-C 20 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 alkyl, n is an integer from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 5, (+) indicates a positive charge on the nitrogen, (-) indicates R 22 indicates the negative charge in R 19 is C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl, preferably C1-C3 alkyl or C1-C3 hydroxyalkyl, R 20 is C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl, preferably C1-C3 alkyl or C1-C3 hydroxyalkyl, R 21 is -(CH2) m -O-CO-R 23 m is an integer from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 5, and R 23 is linear, saturated or unsaturated C4-C 22 Alkyl, preferably C6-C 20 alkyl, and R 22 is a halide, preferably a chloride. In a preferred embodiment, R can be represented by R 21 It is.

[0204] The preferred sophorolipids are C 14 -, C 16 - or C 18 Sophorose is a glycolipid with a hydrophobic fatty acid tail of -alkyl and a hydrophilic carbohydrate head, a glucose-derived disaccharide with a rare β-1,2 bond, which may be acetylated at the 6' and / or 6" positions, and one terminal or partially terminal hydroxylated fatty acid is β-glycosidically linked to the sophorose module. The carboxylic acid of this fatty acid is either free (acidic or open) or internally esterified at the 4" or, in some cases, 6' or 6" positions (lactone form).

[0205] Suitable rhamnolipids are glycolipids having a glycosyl head group, i.e. a rhamnose moiety, and a 3-(hydroxyalkanoyloxy)alkanoic acid (HAA) fatty acid tail, e.g. 3-hydroxydecanoic acid. Preferably, the fatty acid moiety contains 6 to 20 carbon atoms, in particular 12 to 14 carbon atoms. It should be understood that the present invention relates to monorhamnolipids and dirhamnolipids, which contain one or two rhamnose groups, respectively. Preferably, the rhamnose groups in the dirhamnolipids are linked via a 1,2-glycosidic bond.

[0206] Suitable monoacetates have the general formula (X): R-CO-NH-(CH2) i -NR 24 R 25 (X) (In the formula, R is a saturated or unsaturated C4-C 22 Alkyl, preferably C6-C 20 Alkyl, especially C 12 ~C 14 alkyl, i is an integer from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 4, R 24 is C1-C5 alkyl or C1-C5 hydroxyalkyl, preferably C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl, and R 25 is C1-C4 alkylene-R 26 , preferably C1-C2 alkylene-R 26 and R 26 is CO-O(-)U(+), where (-) indicates a negative charge on the oxygen, (+) indicates a positive charge U, and U is a suitable counter ion, such as triethanolammonium, Na+, K+ or NH4+, preferably sodium. It can be represented by:

[0207] As mentioned above, the present invention further relates to a fatty acid based surfactant obtained from the fruit of Macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr, wherein the oil obtained from the plant is converted into a fatty acid composition which is then converted into the fatty acid based surfactant.

[0208] Preferred embodiments have already been outlined above in the process for producing fatty acid based surfactants and shall also apply to fatty acid based surfactants. Specific preferred embodiments are mentioned below.

[0209] In a preferred embodiment, the macauba palm is Acrocomia hassleri, Acrocomia totei and / or Acrocomia aculeata, in particular Acrocomia aculeata, and / or the oil is obtained by extraction of the fruits, preferably the oil is extracted from palm pulp and / or palm kernel, more preferably the oil is extracted from macauba kernel, even more preferably the macauba palm is Acrocomia hassleri, Acrocomia totei and / or Acrocomia aculeata, and the oil is more preferably Acrocomia hassleri kernel, Acrocomia totei kernel and / or Acrocomia aculeata kernel, in particular Macaubayashi is Acrocomia aculeata and the oil is extracted from Acrocomia aculeata kernel.

[0210] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition comprises, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition: 1 to 20% by weight of a C8 fatty acid; 1-8% by weight C 10 fatty acid, 30-48% by weight C 12 fatty acid, 5-15% by weight C 14 fatty acid, 4-13% by weight C 16 fatty acid, 15-42% by weight C 18 Fatty acids, and 0-5% by weight C 20 fatty acid The fatty acid composition is preferably obtained from oil extracted from macauba kernel.

[0211] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition comprises, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition: 3 to 7% by weight, preferably 4 to 6% by weight, of C8 fatty acids; 2 to 6% by weight, preferably 3 to 5% by weight of C 10 fatty acid, 36 to 46% by weight, preferably 38 to 42% by weight of C 12 fatty acid, 6 to 13% by weight, preferably 8 to 11% by weight of C 14 fatty acid, 5 to 11% by weight, preferably 6 to 9% by weight of C 16 fatty acid, 25 to 40% by weight, preferably 30 to 38% by weight of C 18 Fatty acids, and 0 to 4% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight of C 20 fatty acid The fatty acid composition is preferably obtained from oil extracted from macauba kernel.

[0212] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition comprises, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition: 0 to 5% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight, particularly 0 to 2% by weight of C 10 fatty acid, 0 to 6% by weight, preferably 0 to 5% by weight, in particular 1 to 4% by weight of C 12 fatty acid, 0 to 6% by weight, preferably 0 to 5% by weight, in particular 1 to 4% by weight of C 14 fatty acid, 10 to 35% by weight, preferably 13 to 32% by weight, in particular 15 to 30% by weight of C 16 fatty acid, 55 to 85% by weight, preferably 60 to 80% by weight, particularly 65 to 75% by weight of C 18 fatty acid, 0 to 4% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight, particularly 0 to 2% by weight of C20 fatty acid The fatty acid composition is preferably obtained from oil extracted from macauba pulp.

[0213] In a more preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition comprises, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition: 0.1 to 10% by weight of a C6 fatty acid, 1 to 20% by weight of a C8 fatty acid; 1-8% by weight C 10 fatty acid, 30-48% by weight C 12 fatty acid, 5-15% by weight C 14 fatty acid, 4-13% by weight C 16 fatty acid, 15-42% by weight C 18 Fatty acids, and 0-5% by weight C 20 fatty acid Includes.

[0214] In an even more preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition comprises, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition: 0.2 to 4% by weight, preferably 0.4 to 1.5% by weight, of a C6 fatty acid; 3 to 7% by weight, preferably 4 to 6% by weight, of C8 fatty acids; 2 to 6% by weight, preferably 3 to 5% by weight of C 10 fatty acid, 36 to 46% by weight, preferably 38 to 42% by weight of C 12 fatty acid, 6 to 13% by weight, preferably 8 to 11% by weight of C 14 fatty acid, 5 to 11% by weight, preferably 6 to 9% by weight of C 16 fatty acid, 25 to 40% by weight, preferably 30 to 38% by weight of C 18 Fatty acids, and 0 to 4% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight of C 20 fatty acid Includes.

[0215] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition comprises at least 85% by weight of C4-C6 fatty acid, based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition. 22 Fatty acids, preferably C 10 ~C 22 Fatty acids, more preferably C 12 ~C 20 Fatty acids, even more preferably C 12 ~C 20 Fatty acids, especially C 12 ~C 18 Contains fatty acids.

[0216] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition comprises at least 10% by weight of C, based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition. 16 Fatty acids and at least 75% by weight of C 18 Contains fatty acids.

[0217] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition comprises 10 to 25 wt. % of C, based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition. 16 Fatty acids and 75-90% by weight C 18 Contains fatty acids.

[0218] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition comprises at least 80 wt. %, preferably at least 90 wt. %, in particular at least 95 wt. %, of C based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition. 12~14 Contains fatty acids.

[0219] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition comprises at least 80 wt. %, preferably at least 90 wt. %, in particular at least 95 wt. %, of C based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition. 12~18 Contains fatty acids.

[0220] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition comprises at least 2% by weight of C, based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition. 10 Fatty acids, at least 35% by weight C 12 Fatty acids, at least 5% by weight C 14 Fatty acids and at least 4% by weight of C 16 Contains fatty acids.

[0221] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition comprises 3-7 wt. % C8 fatty acid, 2-6 wt. % C10 fatty acid, and 2-6 wt. % C20 fatty acid, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition. 10 Fatty acids, 35-45% by weight C 12 Fatty acids, 5-13% by weight C 14 Fatty acids and 4-10% by weight of C 16 Contains fatty acids.

[0222] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition comprises 0.2-4 wt. % C6 fatty acid, 3-7 wt. % C8 fatty acid, 2-6 wt. % C9 fatty acid, and 2-6 wt. % C10 fatty acid, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition. 10 Fatty acids, 35-45% by weight C 12 Fatty acids, 5-13% by weight C 14 Fatty acids and 4-10% by weight of C 16 Contains fatty acids.

[0223] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition comprises at least 90% by weight of C6 fatty acids, based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition.

[0224] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition comprises at least 90% by weight of C8 fatty acids, based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition.

[0225] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition comprises at least 90% by weight of C based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition. 10 Contains fatty acids.

[0226] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition comprises at least 90% by weight of C based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition. 12 Contains fatty acids.

[0227] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition comprises at least 90% by weight of C based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition. 14 Contains fatty acids.

[0228] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition comprises at least 90% by weight of C based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition. 16 Contains fatty acids.

[0229] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition comprises at least 90% by weight of C based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition. 18 Contains fatty acids.

[0230] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid composition comprises at least 95% by weight of C based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition. 12~14 C, each of which is 36 to 46% by weight, preferably 38 to 42% by weight, based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition. 12 Fatty acids and 6 to 13% by weight, preferably 8 to 11% by weight of C 14 It further comprises fatty acids.

[0231] As mentioned above, the present invention further relates to the use of a fatty acid composition obtained from the fruit of Macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr for the manufacture of fatty acid based surfactants.

[0232] Preferred embodiments (e.g. relating to the fatty acid composition, the macaubay palm and the fatty acid based surfactant) have already been outlined above in the process of producing the fatty acid based surfactant and shall also apply to the use. Particular preferred embodiments are mentioned below.

[0233] In a preferred embodiment, the macauba palm is Acrocomia hassleri, Acrocomia totei and / or Acrocomia aculeata, in particular Acrocomia aculeata, and / or the oil is obtained by extraction of the fruits, preferably the oil is extracted from palm pulp and / or palm kernel, more preferably the oil is extracted from macauba kernel, even more preferably the macauba palm is Acrocomia hassleri, Acrocomia totei and / or Acrocomia aculeata, and the oil is more preferably Acrocomia hassleri kernel, Acrocomia totei kernel and / or Acrocomia aculeata kernel, in particular, Macaubayashi is Acrocomia aculeata and the oil is extracted from Acrocomia aculeata kernel.

[0234] As mentioned above, the present invention further relates to the use of the fatty acid based surfactants as outlined above in personal care compositions, cleaning compositions, nutritional formulations, pharmaceutical formulations or crop formulations.

[0235] In a preferred embodiment, the surfactants outlined above are preferably used in a personal care composition selected from the group consisting of face care compositions, hair care compositions, body care compositions, oral care compositions or antiperspirants and deodorants.

[0236] Suitable cosmetic formulations which contain active ingredients are, for example, hormone preparations, vitamin preparations, vegetable extract preparations and antibacterial preparations.

[0237] In accordance with the present invention, the personal care compositions may contain one or more active agents, such as organic and inorganic UV filters and vitamins, as well as other ingredients or additives, such as pigments, emulsifiers, emollients, viscosity modifiers, stabilizers, preservatives, or fragrances.

[0238] In a preferred embodiment, the surfactants outlined above are used in the sunscreen.

[0239] In a preferred embodiment, the surfactants outlined above are preferably used in decorative formulations selected from the group consisting of lipsticks, nail varnishes, eye shadows, mascaras, dry or wet make-ups, blushers, powders, hair removers and suntan lotions.

[0240] The personal care composition is preferably in the form of a cream, ointment, paste, foam, gel, lotion, powder, make-up, spray, stick or aerosol.

[0241] Preferably, surfactants are used to control metal ions, improve dispersion, improve emulsification, control foaming, modify the surface, and / or protect the active agent.

[0242] In a preferred embodiment, the surfactants outlined above are preferably used in cleaning compositions selected from the group consisting of home care formulations, industrial care formulations and institutional care formulations.

[0243] In a preferred embodiment, the cleaning composition is selected from the group consisting of laundry compositions (personal and commercial), dishwashing compositions, hard surface cleaning compositions, food service and kitchen hygiene compositions, food and beverage processing compositions, sanitation compositions, institutional cleaning compositions, industrial cleaning compositions, and vehicle and transportation care compositions.

[0244] The cleaning composition may contain at least one bleaching system known in the art in an amount of 0-50% by weight. Suitable bleaching components include bleach catalysts, photobleaches, bleach activators, hydrogen peroxide sources such as sodium percarbonate and sodium perborate, preformed peracids and mixtures thereof.

[0245] The cleaning composition may further comprise soil suspending agents, such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose; pH adjusting agents, such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal silicates; disinfectants; foam regulators, such as soaps; salts for adjusting spray drying and granulation properties, such as sodium sulfate; fragrances; antistatic agents; softening agents; further bleaching agents; pigments; and / or toning agents.

[0246] Preferably, surfactants are used to control metal ions, improve dispersion, improve emulsification, control foaming, modify the surface, and / or protect the ingredients.

[0247] In a preferred embodiment, the surfactants outlined above are preferably used in nutritional formulations from the group selected from food formulations and feed formulations. The nutritional formulations may have any suitable form, such as liquid or solid, and may be administered or ingested in any suitable manner, such as orally, parenterally or rectally.

[0248] For the preparation of nutritional formulations or premixes or precursors, the process may involve mixing a stabilized solid and / or liquid formulation comprising at least one or more foods and at least one further ingredient, such as a stabilizer.

[0249] Suitable stabilizers may be selected from the group consisting of gum arabic, at least one plant protein and mixtures thereof. It is understood that the stabilizer may be selected from only one agent, for example gum arabic, or may be composed of, for example, a mixture of one plant protein and gum arabic, or a mixture of two or three or more different plant proteins. In one embodiment, the stabilizer is gum arabic. In another embodiment, the stabilizer is at least one plant protein.

[0250] Preferably, surfactants are used to control metal ions, improve dispersion, improve emulsification, control foaming, modify the surface, and / or protect the ingredients.

[0251] In a preferred embodiment, the surfactants outlined above are used in pharmaceutical formulations. Pharmaceutical formulations can be administered in any suitable manner, such as by oral, transdermal, parenteral, nasal, vaginal or rectal application. Suitable solid pharmaceutical formulations can be in the form of tablets, suppositories or capsules or in the form of sprays. Suitable transdermal pharmaceutical formulations include formulations such as patches or sprays, lotions, creams, oils, foams, ointments, powders or gels. Suitable liquid pharmaceutical formulations are preferably administered orally, parenterally or nasally.

[0252] The pharmaceutical formulation is preferably in solid, semi-solid or liquid form, preferably in the form of a tablet, suppository, capsule, patch, spray, lotion, cream, oil, foam, ointment, powder, gel or fluid.

[0253] The pharmaceutical formulation may, for example, comprise at least one active agent selected from the group consisting of anti-cancer agents, hormones, anti-viral agents, anti-fungal agents, anti-bacterial agents and inhibitors.

[0254] Preferably, surfactants are used to control metal ions, improve dispersion, improve emulsification, control foaming, modify the surface, and / or protect the active agent.

[0255] In a preferred embodiment, the surfactants as outlined above are used in crop formulations, preferably selected from the group consisting of pesticide formulations, fungicide formulations and herbicidal formulations.

[0256] The crop formulation is preferably in solid, semi-solid or liquid form. Preferably, the crop formulation is suitable for a ready-to-use spray.

[0257] In a preferred embodiment, the pesticide formulation comprises a pesticide selected from the group consisting of chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, imazalil, DDT, toxaphene, lindane, methoxychlor, dieldrin, kelthane, chlordane, perthane, endrin, aldrin and heptachlor.

[0258] In a preferred embodiment, the fungicidal formulation comprises a fungicide selected from the group consisting of azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, fluoxastrobin, trifloxystrobin, picoxystrobin, epoxiconazole, prothioconazole, myclobutanil, tebuconazole, propiconazole, cyproconazole, fenbuconazole, boscalid, penthiopyrad, bixafen, isopyrazam, sedaxane, fluopyram and thifluzamide.

[0259] In a preferred embodiment, the herbicide formulation comprises a herbicide selected from the group consisting of glyphosate, glufosinate, imidazolinones (such as imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic (e.g., Kifix), imazapyr, imazaquin, and imazethapyr), and cyclohexanediones (such as tepraloxydim and clethodim).

[0260] Suitable herbicidal formulations are used against unwanted harmful plants, in particular Acalypha spp., such as Acalypha indica, Dinebra spp., such as Dinebra arabica, Cynotis spp., such as Cynotis axillaris, Parthenium spp., such as Parthenium hysterophorus, Physalis spp., Physalis minima, Digera spp., Digera arvensis, Alopecurus myosuroides, Apera spicaventi, Brachiaria deflexa, Brachiaria species such as Brachiaria deflexa or Brachiaria plantaginia, Echinochloa species such as Echinochloa colonum, Leptochloa species such as Leptochloa fusca, Rottboellia cochinchinensis, Digitaria sanguinalis, Eleusine indica, Saccharum spontaneum, Cynodon dactylon, Euphorbia hirta, Euphorbia geniculata, Commelina benghalensis, Commelina communis), some undesirable Oryza species such as weedy rice or red rice (Oryza sativa), Phalaris species such as Phalaris canariensis, Celosia argentea, Xanthium strumarium, Papaver somniferum, and others.rhoeas, Geranium spp., Brassica spp., Avena fatua, Bromus spp., Lolium spp., Phalaris spp., Setaria spp., Digitaria spp., Brachiaria spp., Amaranthus spp., Chenopodium spp., Abutilon theophrasti, Galium spp. aparine, Veronica species or Solanum species and / or to improve their compatibility with soybean, peanut, pea, kidney bean, lentil, mung bean, black gram, guar gram, fenugreek, palm, other cereal or legume crops or crops that are resistant to the action of herbicides inhibiting acetohydroxyacid synthase, such as crop plants such as Clearfield® wheat, Clearfield® barley, Clearfield® corn, Clearfield® lentil, Clearfield® rapeseed or canola, Clearfield® rice, Cultivance® soybean and / or Clearfield® sunflower. The formulations should also have good pre-emergence herbicidal activity.

[0261] Preferably, surfactants are used to control metal ions, improve dispersion, improve emulsification, control foaming, modify surfaces, and / or protect crops.

[0262] In a preferred embodiment, the personal care composition, cleaning composition, nutritional formulation, pharmaceutical formulation or crop preparation comprises at least two surfactants.In this connection, it should be understood that the personal care composition, cleaning composition, nutritional formulation, pharmaceutical formulation or crop preparation can comprise at least two of the surfactants outlined above, at least three of the surfactants outlined above or at least one of the surfactants outlined above in combination with at least one additional different surfactant.The at least one additional different surfactant can be selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohol-based surfactants, betaines, amide alkanolamides, alkoxylated fatty acid esters and fatty acid methyl esters or their sulfonates.

[0263] One possible mixture of the surfactants outlined above is listed below: Preferably, these surfactants are also derived from Macauba oil, except for Nr. 18 and Nr. 20.

[0264] [Table 1]

[0265] As mentioned above, the present invention further relates to a personal care composition, a cleaning composition, a nutritional formulation, a pharmaceutical formulation or a crop formulation comprising the surfactants as outlined above in more detail. It should be understood that the further specifications of the use of surfactants in the respective personal care composition, cleaning composition, nutritional formulation, pharmaceutical formulation or crop formulation also apply to the personal care composition, cleaning composition, nutritional formulation, pharmaceutical formulation or crop formulation.

[0266] As described above, the present invention provides a process for producing glycerol, comprising: a) converting oil extracted from macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr into glycerol; The present invention further relates to a process comprising:

[0267] Preferred embodiments (e.g. with regard to fatty acid surfactants, macaubayashi and process parameters) have already been outlined above in the process for producing fatty acid surfactants and shall also apply to the process for producing glycerol. Particular preferred embodiments are mentioned below.

[0268] Glycerol may be provided as a by-reactant in the process outlined above for producing fatty acid based surfactants.

[0269] In a preferred embodiment, the process comprises: b) purifying, preferably by filtration, centrifugation, chemical addition and / or fractional vacuum distillation; Further includes: EXAMPLES

[0270] The invention is further illustrated by the following prophetic examples.

[0271] The following example is considered for Macaubay palm (eg, having registration number AEB402A) having an oil yield in tonnes per hectare per year of about 9.0 t / ha / yr.

[0272] Measurement method a) Free fatty acid content The determination of the free fatty acid content in the oil was carried out according to DIN EN ISO 660, the method used for determining the acid number was ISO 4314 and the method for determining the saponification number was DIN EN ISO 3657 / DIN EN ISO 3681.

[0273] b) Comparative low-temperature stability test The samples (32 grams each) are filled into glass vials (diameter 2.5 cm, height 8.5 cm). They are first kept overnight in an oven at a temperature that ensures that the samples are completely dissolved and become transparent (here 45° C.). The next day, the vials are immersed in a regulated water bath (23° C.) so that the sample level is below the water level. The temperature of the water bath is gradually reduced (−2 K / h to 17° C., then −1 K / h to 15° C.). Finally, the appearance of the cooled samples is observed. The samples are then removed from the water bath and kept at room temperature (RT=23° C.) for another 16 hours. The appearance is observed again.

[0274] c) Thickening behavior 200 g of sample is charged into a beaker and sodium chloride is added to the sample. The sample is then mixed until the salt is dissolved. The sample is kept at room temperature (23°C) until the air bubbles introduced during mixing have disappeared. The viscosity is measured using a Brookfield RV laboratory rheometer at 12 rpm, spindle setting RV 02-07 (spindle selection depending on viscosity range). The appearance of the sample is also visually examined. The weight % NaCl is calculated as the weight of NaCl added per 200 g.

[0275] d) Foaming behavior A solution of the surfactant sample is prepared (1 l in total) with a concentration of 1 g active substance / liter and a pH of 5.5 (adjusted with citric acid or sodium hydroxide solution). The sample solution is prepared with deionized water (0° dH) and adjusted to 15° C. The foam measurement is carried out with a Foam Expert device (SITA Messtechnik GmbH). 250 ml of the solution are filled into the stirring vessel, then stirred at 1300 rpm for 10 seconds, then the total volume and the liquid volume are measured (whereby foam volume = total volume - liquid volume). 18 stirring and volume measurements are carried out. The sample is then poured off, the stirring vessel is cleaned with deionized water and the same measurement (250 ml, 18 x 10 seconds) is repeated two more times. The results for foam and liquid volume over the stirring time are calculated as the average value of three repetitions. Usually the foam volume shows an asymptotic development. The following characteristic data can be obtained: Max foam volume [ml] Time to maximum foam volume [sec] = Mixing time until maximum foam volume is achieved. Foam formation half time [sec] = mixing time until 1 / 2 of the maximum foam volume is achieved.

[0276] e) Methods for extracting oil from fruits The oil is extracted by pressing at low temperature in a dry route process in which the fruit is dried and then pulped, and only after these steps is the pulp / kernel pressed.

[0277] Example 1 of the present invention (IE1) Macauba palms are planted on cattle ranches, for example at about 380 trees per hectare. Macauba palms are grown on existing fields (silvopastoral), so no deforestation is required and farmers can sell macauba fruit in addition to livestock and / or milk production. 312 macauba palms were planted per hectare. Each palm produces 61kg-90kg of fruit / hectare per year (depending on palm maturity and growing conditions). Harvesting takes place only once a year during the rainy season (October-January). Approximately 3% of the fruit is kernel oil and 8% is pulp oil.

[0278] Example 2 of the present invention (IE2) Macaubay palm is planted in soybean plantations (with a growth height of about 20-80 cm and an oil yield in tonnes / ha / year of about 0.6 t / ha / yr), for example with about 340 trees per hectare. Also, no deforestation is necessary, since the Macaubay palm is grown in existing plantations (agroforestry). Since the Macaubay palm grows to a maximum height of about 15 meters, soybeans can be grown in parallel. In this connection, it is also possible to grow at least one further different plant (with a growth height of about 1-7 m), for example sunflower (with an oil yield in tonnes / ha / year of about 0.7 t / ha / yr) or kidney beans in parallel.

[0279] As can be seen from the above examples, deforestation can be significantly reduced by cultivating macaubay palm. Furthermore, biodiversity can be increased. Furthermore, even if macaubay palm is not cultivated as a monoculture, the total oil yield can be equivalent to that of oil palm (which has an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of about 3.8 t / ha / yr) monoculture, due to the higher oil yield defined on macaubay palm. Without being bound by theory, degraded areas and springs and watersheds can be restored more easily with plants with improved oil yield. Furthermore, water retention in the soil is improved.

Claims

1. 1. A process for producing a fatty acid based surfactant, comprising the steps of: a) converting oil extracted from macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr into a fatty acid composition; b) C ４ fatty acid, C ６ fatty acid, C ８ fatty acid, C １０ fatty acid, C １２ fatty acid, C １４ fatty acid, C １６ fatty acid, C １８ fatty acid, C ２０ Fatty acids and C ２２ Separating a fatty acid selected from the group consisting of fatty acids from the fatty acid composition obtained in step a); c) optionally mixing at least two of the separated fatty acids; d) Then, C ４ fatty acid, C ６ fatty acid, C ８ fatty acid, C １０ fatty acid, C １２ fatty acid, C １４ fatty acid, C １６ fatty acid, C １８ fatty acid, C ２０ Fatty acids and C ２２ converting at least one of the separated fatty acids selected from the group consisting of fatty acids into the respective fatty acid based surfactant. A process including.

2. The macaubay palm is Acrocomia aculeata, and / or 2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the oil is extracted from palm pulp and / or palm kernel, preferably the oil is extracted from macauba kernel, in particular the macauba palm is Acrocomia aculeata and the oil is extracted from Acrocomia aculeata kernel.

3. In step a), the conversion is carried out under chemical or enzymatic conditions, preferably under chemical conditions, and / or 3. The process of claim 1 or 2, wherein step a) involves hydrolysis.

4. The fatty acid composition in step a) has at least 45% by weight of C based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition. ４ ~C ２２ Fatty acids, preferably C ６ ~C ２０ Fatty acids, more preferably C ８ ~C １８ Fatty acids, even more preferably C ８ ~C １６ Fatty acid or C １６ ~C １８ Fatty acids, especially C １０ ~C １６ and / or the fatty acid composition, respectively, based on the total weight of said fatty acid composition. 1 to 20% by weight of C ８ fatty acid, 1 to 8% by weight of C １０ fatty acid, 30 to 48% by weight of C １２ fatty acid, 5 to 15% by weight of C １４ fatty acid, 4 to 13% by weight of C １６ fatty acid, 15 to 42% by weight of C １８ Fatty acids, and 0 to 5% by weight of C ２０ fatty acid The process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising:

5. 5. The process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the macaubay palm has an oil yield in tonnes per hectare per year in the range of 6 to 30 t / ha / yr, preferably 7 to 20 t / ha / yr, more preferably 8 to 15 t / ha / yr.

6. 6. The process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the fatty acid based surfactant provided in step d) is selected from the group consisting of sulfonates, amides, isethionates, taurates, glycolipids, amino acids, esterquats, sophorolipids, rhamnolipids, amphoacetates, ethoxylates, sorbitan esters, ethoxylated sorbitan esters, alkyl ether ethoxylates, polyglyceryl esters, glycerol esters, glyceryl glucosides and soaps.

7. The fatty acid surfactant provided in step d) is General formula (I) R １ CH(SO ３ M １ )COOM ２ (I) (Wherein, the group R １ is a linear alkyl or alkenyl group having 6 to 16 carbon atoms, and the group M １ and M. ２ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, Li, Na, K, Ca / 2, Mg / 2, ammonium and alkanolamines, preferably triethanolammonium. (A), or General formula (II) R ２ CH(SO ３ M ７ )COOR ３ (II) (Wherein, the group R ２ is a linear alkyl or alkenyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and the group R ３ is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and the group R ３ is an alkenyl group or may be branched only on three carbon atoms, and the group M ７ is selected from the group Li, Na, K, Ca / 2, Mg / 2, ammonium and alkanolamines, preferably triethanolammonium. Sulfonic acid ester (B) of The process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein

8. Step a) comprises: a. i) mixing said fatty acid composition obtained from said oil extracted from said Macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr with a fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr, preferably said fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO); and / or The fatty acid surfactant obtained in step d) is mixed with a fatty acid surfactant obtained from a fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr, and then a step of converting the fatty acid surfactant into the respective fatty acid surfactant. wherein the fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO).

9. e) C ６ Fatty acid surfactant, C ８ Fatty acid surfactant, C １０ Fatty acid surfactant, C １２ Fatty acid surfactant, C １４ Fatty acid surfactant, C １６ Fatty acid surfactant, C １８ Fatty acid surfactants and C ２０ A fatty acid surfactant selected from the group consisting of fatty acid surfactants, preferably C ８ Fatty acid surfactant, C １０ Fatty acid surfactant, C １２ Fatty acid surfactant, C １４ Fatty acid surfactant, C １６ Fatty acid surfactants and C １８ A fatty acid surfactant selected from the group consisting of fatty acid surfactants, particularly C １０ Fatty acid surfactant, C １２ Fatty acid surfactant, C １４ Fatty acid surfactants and C １６ isolating a fatty acid surfactant selected from the group consisting of fatty acid surfactants; f) optionally mixing at least two of the isolated fatty acid surfactants, preferably １０ Fatty acid surfactant, C １２ Fatty acid surfactant, C １４ Fatty acid surfactants and C １６ mixing at least two fatty acid-based surfactants selected from the group consisting of fatty acid-based surfactants; The process of any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising:

10. Fatty acid based surfactants and blends thereof obtainable by the process according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

11. A fatty acid based surfactant obtained from the fruit of Macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr, wherein the oil obtained from the Macaubay palm is converted into a fatty acid composition, and the fatty acid composition is then converted into the fatty acid based surfactant.

12. 12. The fatty acid surfactant according to claim 11, wherein the macaubay palm is Acrocomia aculeata and / or the oil is obtained by extraction of the fruit, preferably the oil is extracted from palm pulp and / or palm kernel, more preferably the oil is extracted from macaubay kernel, in particular the macaubay palm is Acrocomia aculeata and the oil is extracted from Acrocomia aculeata kernel.

13. 2. Use of a fatty acid composition obtained from the fruit of Macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr for the manufacture of fatty acid based surfactants.

14. Use of the fatty acid based surfactant according to any one of claims 10 to 12 in a personal care composition, a cleaning composition, a nutritional formulation, a pharmaceutical formulation or a crop formulation.

15. A personal care composition, a cleaning composition, a nutritional formulation, a pharmaceutical formulation or a crop formulation comprising a surfactant according to any one of claims 10 to 12.

16. 1. A process for producing glycerol, comprising: a) converting oil extracted from macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr into glycerol; A process including.

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