Automobile fuel capless plastic molded parts incorporated with graphene

Abstract

A capless fuel unit having an elongated housing that is open at each end, the housing defining first and second fluid ports spaced longitudinally apart, the capless fuel unit. Each of the first and second door assemblies includes a flapper valve associated with the first fluid port and a second flapper valve associated with the second fluid port, the flapper valves being movable between an open position and a closed position and being elastically biased toward their respective closed positions. A pressure relief valve is at least partially received within the interior of the flapper valve. Various plastic components of the capless unit incorporate graphene or a graphene derivative to resist hydrocarbon emissions from fuel vapors escaping from the unit to the atmosphere.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention generally relates to a plasticized molding material used in hydrocarbon-related applications where permeation of materials is a concern. More specifically, the present invention discloses a combination polymer / graphene composite material for use in various vehicle applications, not limited to capless units, fuel caps, etc., used in various types of fueling, fuel storage, vapor recovery, or fuel delivery systems, for restricting the permeation of hydrocarbons.

[0002] (Cross - reference to related applications) This application claims priority from USSN18 / 143,184, filed May 4, 2023, which claims the benefit of USSN63 / 340,138, filed May 10, 2022. The entireties of both are incorporated herein by reference.

Background Art

[0003] The automotive industry has been transitioning from metallic materials to plastic materials over the past few decades for cost and desired weight reduction. One of these areas where much of the material conversion has been seen is in vehicle fuel systems, along with the addition of ORVR (On - Board Refueling Vapor Recovery) systems. The drawback of using plastic materials compared to metals is the hydrocarbon permeation of plastics. Due to strict government regulations related to the growing awareness of climate issues, enhanced control over automotive fuel emissions has been required. In the late 1990s, automotive suppliers in the United States had to start implementing ORVR systems to meet the EPA requirements for reducing hydrocarbon emissions from vehicles. The use of low - permeability plastic materials is an important factor for suppressing emissions and meeting government requirements.

[0004] Parts made from plastic materials are also found in the latest vehicle fuel systems and are most commonly made of certain types of nylon for use, for example, in any of fuel pump thread rings, quick connectors, fueling limit vent valves / combo valves, inlet check valves, fuel tank caps, and capless units. All of these parts contribute to and are added to the total amount of hydrocarbon emissions of vehicles restricted by government regulations. By adding graphene to other plastics such as nylon (PA / PPA) or acetal (POM), the amount of hydrocarbons permeating through the material is reduced.

[0005] More specifically, in the case of plastics used in capless fuel refueling systems, there are usually one or two doors together with an inner or outer body for accommodating the door assembly. Additionally, there may be some kind of pressure relief valve designed to allow fuel vapor pressure to leak from the fuel tank under severe conditions. These parts are generally composed of nylon to reduce the amount of vapor emissions located inside the fuel filler pipe even after refueling or under normal vehicle operating conditions.

[0006] Also, as is known, graphene is a two-dimensional planar nanomaterial composed of sp2-bonded carbon atoms filled in a honeycomb lattice. Many of the material properties that favor graphene, such as high tensile strength, high thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity, chemical resistance and permeation resistance, are derived from the unique bonding structure of planar graphene. However, the application of graphene on a macroscopic scale for uses such as in the automotive industry continues to be a challenge. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION MEANS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEM

[0007] The present invention describes the use of graphene polymer or copolymer composite systems to provide high-quality automotive industry-scale fluid transport tubes with improved mechanical and barrier properties. In particular, the present invention discloses the use of graphene derivatives incorporated into plastic parts of a capless unit associated with a fuel filler tube to provide a high-quality automotive industry-scale capless unit with improved mechanical and barrier properties. This further includes incorporating the graphene derivative into plastic parts of a capless unit including, but not limited to, each of a cylindrical main body, an end body, a door assembly, and a pressure relief valve.

[0008] In a non-limiting application, a capless fuel filling system includes an elongated tubular and cylindrical housing that is open at each end. Typically, the cylindrical housing is constructed from a plastic material to provide an inexpensive and durable structure.

[0009] First and second axially spaced fluid ports are formed in the housing, the first fluid port being disposed adjacent the inlet of the housing and the second fluid port being disposed adjacent the outlet of the housing. The fluid ports are substantially axially aligned with each other and dimensioned to receive a standard fuel filling nozzle (not shown). Further, the design of the fluid ports in the capless unit is such as to prevent unauthorized hose insertion (such as for theft of gasoline siphoning from the tank).

[0010] A flapper valve is associated with each of the fluid ports and is movable between an open position and a closed position. A spring biases each of the valves toward the closed position. Both flapper valves move away from the housing inlet and toward the housing outlet when moving from the closed position to the open position, such as in response to the insertion of a fuel filler pipe or nozzle. In this way, a fuel filling nozzle inserted into the inlet end of the housing passes through both the first and second fluid ports, thereby pivoting the first and second flapper valves from the open position to the closed position.

[0011] The plastic components of the capless unit can include any of thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers, or other natural or synthetic polymers or copolymers, and can be selected from, but not limited to, polypropylene, nylon 6, nylon 12, nylon 6,12, polyethylene, HDPE, terephthalate, polybutylene, polyvinyl fluoride, polyphthalamide, polyoxymethylene, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, polyester, and polyurethane.

[0012] As further illustrated, the capless unit includes an arrangement of elastomeric seals, including pairs of each of the outer annular body seals, along with inner annular door seals and pressure relief seals associated with each of the first and second fluid ports.

[0013] Other contemplated uses of the present invention include a male connector defining a first body and a female connector defining a second body, the male connector being engaged with the female connector to define a fluid communication passageway, and including a graphene derivative material incorporated into plastic components associated with a quick connector device for a fuel system. The arrangement of elastomeric seals is incorporated into at least one of the bodies and, in combination with the graphene / graphene derivative impregnated plastic components, resists hydrocarbon emissions from fuel vapors leaking to the atmosphere from the unit.

[0014] Additional variations include incorporating the graphene derivative material into a combination EVAP carbon canister body and cover, which includes plastic components associated with at least one of the canister body and cover incorporating the graphene derivative material to resist hydrocarbon emissions from fuel vapors leaking to the atmosphere.

[0015] In further related applications, the EVAP bleed emissions scrubber body and cover include a body that contains an adsorbent material for adsorbing vaporized hydrocarbons to prevent bleed emissions. Similar to the canister variant form, the plastic components of the body incorporate graphene derivative components to resist hydrocarbon emissions from fuel vapor leaking to the atmosphere.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0016] Reference is now made to the accompanying drawings, which are to be read in conjunction with the following detailed description. Throughout several of the figures, like reference numerals refer to like parts.

[0017]

Figure 1

[0018]

Figure 2

[0019]

Figure 3

[0020]

Figure 4

[0021]

Figure 5

[0022]

Figure 6

[0023]

Figure 7

[0024]

Figure 8

[0025]

Figure 9

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0026] Referring to the accompanying drawings, the present invention discloses a capless fuel unit or assembly incorporating an arrangement of plastic parts integrated with a graphene derivative. In particular, FIG. 1 provides a perspective view of a vehicle capless unit generally at 10 incorporating an arrangement of plastic parts incorporating a graphene derivative, according to one non-limiting embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 is a plan sectional view of the vehicle capless unit shown in Figure 1, showing the outer body, the first and second pressure relief valves, the door assembly and the internal arrangement of the seal. Figure 3 is a further sectional view similar to Figure 2, further showing the arrangement of plastic parts incorporating graphene derivatives to resist the discharge of hydrocarbon vapors into the atmosphere.

[0028] Referring again to the combined view, there is shown an elongated tubular and cylindrical housing 12 having an opening at each end and having a plastic, polymer or copolymer structure not limited to nylon. The housing 12 is incorporated into the fuel filler tube 14 (see Figure 3) so as to be exposed to the presence of hydrocarbon fuel vapors issuing from a connected fuel tank (not shown) in the illustrated embodiment. As further shown, a separate outermost body portion 15 is provided which, when assembled to the upper end of the main housing 12, defines the inlet of the fuel filler tube or hose 14.

[0029] As further shown, the housing defines first and second longitudinally spaced fluid ports corresponding to the respective positions of a first flapper valve 16 and a second flapper valve 18 (see Figures 2 - 3 again) which are movable between an open position and a closed position. In one non - limiting configuration, each of the first flapper valve 16 and the second flapper valve 18 incorporates first and second valve portions fixed to each other by a snap - fit. Also shown are a pair of springs 20 and 22 which elastically bias the flapper valves 16 / 18 towards their respective closed positions.

[0030] Also further shown in each of Figures 2 - 3 are a first pressure relief valve 24 and a second pressure relief valve 26 which are further biased open by corresponding coil springs 25 and 27 corresponding to the first flapper valve 16 and the second flapper valve 18. As shown, the pressure relief valves are shown housed within the flapper valves 16 / 18.

[0031] The present invention further shows an elastomeric seal arrangement disposed within a housing adjacent to a flapper valve so as to contain hydrocarbon fuel and vapor leaking to the atmosphere within a fueling pipe and capless. As shown, these each include a first pressure relief seal 28 and a second pressure relief seal 30 located at the pressure relief valves 24 / 26.

[0032] Also included are corresponding first elastic door seals 32 and second elastic door seals 34 in alignment with the first flapper valve 16 and the second flapper valve 18. Additional body seals are shown at 36 (corresponding to the outer body portion 15) and 38 (at a further intermediate position along the main cylindrical housing 12) configured at axially spaced positions.

[0033] Here again, incorporating a graphene derivative material into plastic components such as each of the main cylindrical housing 12, the upper end and the outer body 15, the pressure relief valves 24 / 26, and the door assembly / flapper valves 16 / 18 functions to resist the permeation of hydrocarbon vapor emissions to the atmosphere.

[0034] Refer to FIG. 4, indicated at 100, which is an elevation view of a fluid coupling in which some or all of the plastic components incorporate a graphene derivative material, according to a further embodiment of the present invention. The coupling has a housing 102 having a female portion and an interconnected insertion tube 104. The tube 104 also includes, adjacent to its end, a bead 106 extending around the circumference of the cylindrical tube 104, which bead extends radially outward (see subsequent FIGS. 5 - 6).

[0035] The housing female part 102 incorporates a through hole 108 that communicates the female part with the connected male part 110, and the through hole receives a tube 104 having an annularly extending bead 106. Without limitation, the female part 102 and the male part 110 of the quick connect housing can typically be constructed of any suitable material including plastic incorporating a graphene derivative, and it is further envisioned that a further hose or conduit (not shown) is fixed onto the reduced diameter male part 110 such that the attached tube 104 communicates with the outlet of the male part 110.

[0036] A heat staking operation is used to secure a tubular outer spacer 118 within the housing female part proximate the receiving end of the tube 104 and the annular bead 106. The spacer 118 is provided in combination with an arrangement of seals 120 and 122 and an intervening annular support 124 compressed between the outer spacer 118 and an inward annular shoulder location 126 to provide a pressure seal support between the female part 102 and the male part 110 of the housing.

[0037] Without limitation, the heat staking operation can be provided according to any plurality of angular offsets including, but not limited to, arranging the heat staking locations at 60 degree offsets (six in total), and providing any other shape or profile. In any application, the heat staking operation ensures that the outer spacer is retained within the body head and avoids instances where the outer spacer separates axially, such as after a tube and bead separation operation using the method described below.

[0038] The female housing portion 102 further integrates an insertion end 128 (shown in cross-section in the remaining figures) having a contour corresponding to each of the latch 130 and the verification member 132. The latch and the verification member, together with the female part 102 and the male part 110, are made of a similar plastically elastic material and can likewise incorporate a graphene derivative material. They are provided in a stacked arrangement and are mounted in the female part 102 communicating with the insertion direction of the tube 104 through the internal through-hole 108. They are further arranged in a stacked arrangement and are supported in the end 128 through an upper mounting slot (see the inner extended edge profile 134). The insertion end 128 further has opposing side cutout profiles, one of which seats a pair of extending sides or legs of each of the latch 130 and the verification member 132 so that the cross-sectional profile of the tube 14 into which each of the latch and the verification member is inserted is surrounded on three sides by a substantially "U" shape, as shown by the outer peripheral edge 136 in FIG. 1.

[0039] Upon insertion of the tube 104, a pair of downwardly extending sides associated with each of the latches 30 expand outwardly, and similarly the sides of the verification member 132 extending in the same direction expand (one of these sides is further shown at 138 in FIG. 4). As the bead 106 supported by the tube passes through the latch 130, the latch seats in the engaged position and the verification member 132 is held open by alignment with the annular bead 106. The verification member then locks the latch engagement and is displaced (downwardly) to the fully engaged position to indicate that the fluid coupling is fluidly connected.

[0040] Referring now to FIG. 7, there is shown a schematic diagram of an evaporative emissions control system generally referenced 200, according to a further embodiment of the present invention that utilizes an adsorbent material capable of adsorbing hydrocarbons. The system includes a fuel tank 202 having an extended fill neck 204 and a sealed fuel cap or capless 206. The fuel tank is shown in cross-section and indicates liquid gasoline defining a fill level 208 read by a fuel level sensor 212. Above the fill level, the unoccupied upper expansion space or volume of the tank is occupied by fuel vapor 214 (e.g., pentane, butane, etc.). A fuel tank pressure sensor 216 is also located within the tank 202 and, in combination with the fuel level sensor 212, provides measurements of the fill level and tank pressure to an appropriate powertrain control module (PCM) 218.

[0041] An EVAP vapor canister 220 is provided and is in communication via a vapor inlet line 222 extending from the fuel tank 202, which inlet line communicates with a vent control valve to permit flow of fuel vapor from the fuel tank to the EVAP canister 220. An EVAP vent 223 extending from the canister 220 includes a normally open EVAP solenoid valve 224. A further line 226 extends from the canister 220 to a purge flow sensor 228 and to a (normally closed) EVAP purge sensor 230 connected to the air induction system and enables an accurate amount of previously adsorbed fuel vapor within the EVAP canister to be drawn (desorbed) by engine intake vacuum for delivery to the engine intake manifold and ultimate combustion. The PCM module 218 also receives inputs from each of the EVAP vent solenoid 224, the purge flow sensor 228, and the EVAP purge solenoid 230.

[0042] Moving on to FIG. 8, FIG. 240 generally shows a partially exploded plan cross-sectional view of an EVAP canister, such as that used in the evaporative emission control system of FIG. 7, where the canister is again shown at 220. The EVAP canister typically includes a main housing 242 (shown non-limitingly as having a hollow cylindrical shape inside), a bottom cover 252, and an upper cover 258, which are made of a suitable material typically including plastic incorporating a graphene derivative. Although a linear canister is shown in FIG. 8, it is further understood that any configuration of the canister, including non-linear ones, is contemplated within the scope of the present invention.

[0043] The housing 242 surrounds a certain volume of adsorbent material capable of adsorbing hydrocarbon vapors. The adsorbent material is shown as an upper section 244 and a lower section 246, which are separated by a compression device 248 used to maintain the canister volume and enable proper adsorption of fuel vapors within the canister.

[0044] The first fleece layer 250 is located at one end of the canister main housing 242, and a top cover 252 incorporating a fresh air port 254 is attached thereto. The second fleece layer 256 is located at the opposite end of the canister main body 242, and a further cover 258 incorporating each of a load line 260 and a purge line 262 is attached thereto. The felt layer is provided in each embodiment to assist in packing the adsorbent material within the canister.

[0045] The operation of the EVAP canister 240 is the same as described above, and includes a vapor canister that extends from the fuel tank and communicates again with the vent control valve, and is communicated by a vapor inlet (load) line 260 that enables the flow of fuel vapor from the fuel tank to the EVAP canister. The EVAP vent (which is also the air port 254) extends from the canister 240 and includes a normally open EVAP solenoid valve (see again at 224 in FIG. 7). A further line 262 extends from the canister 240 to the purge flow sensor (previously 228 as described in FIG. 1) and to the (normally closed) EVAP purge sensor 230. The EVAP purge sensor 230 is connected to the air induction system and allows the engine intake vacuum to draw up (desorb) the exact amount of fuel vapor previously adsorbed in the EVAP canister for delivery into the engine intake manifold during engine operation and final combustion.

[0046] Finally, FIG. 9 shows a further cross-sectional view generally at 300 of an improved EVAP canister having a surrounding main canister plastic body 304 and capable of being filled with an activated carbon material 302, as shown previously. As shown, the canister further shows various chambers related to the adsorption process for drawing hydrocarbon vapor from the fuel tank through a vent line, with a separate purge port for desorbing hydrocarbons held during combustion into the engine intake manifold.

[0047] Also, FIG. 9 shows a scrubber 320 that can be incorporated into the canister housing 304 or is shown as a separate unit, but is connected to the canister 300 by line 306. The scrubber structure includes, but is not limited to, a housing 312 having a port connected to the canister 300 by line 306, a cover 310 with a fresh air line port, and a scrubber element 308 housed within the scrubber canister 320, the scrubber element having a grommet for protecting the scrubber element (not shown). The interior of the scrubber 308 shows a honeycomb extrusion structure containing any combination of activated lignocellulose, charcoal, ceramic, binder, and flux material. The cover 310 and housing 312 for the scrubber described herein can also be constructed of a plastic having a graphene derivative material, similar to the main canister 304, as shown separately in FIG. 8.

[0048] Although not limited to any of the separate embodiments described above in each of FIGS. 1 - 3, FIGS. 4 - 6, FIG. 8, and FIG. 9, the group of graphene derivatives can further include, but is not limited to, any of graphene, single - layer graphene, few - layer graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, and functionalized graphene. The filling concentration of the graphene derivative can vary from 0.1 to 50 weight percent. The polymer or copolymer can include any of thermoplastic polymers and may be selected from, but is not limited to, polyurethane, polyester, polypropylene, nylon 6, nylon 6,6, nylon 12, nylon 6,12, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene, polyphthalamide, polyoxymethylene, polycarbonate, and polyvinylcyclolide.

[0049] Although the present invention has been described, other and additional preferred embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the appended claims. The detailed description and drawings are further understood to support the present disclosure, the scope of which is defined by the claims. Although several best modes and other embodiments for carrying out the claimed teachings are described in detail, there are various alternative designs and embodiments for carrying out the disclosure defined in the appended claims.

[0050] It is further understood that the foregoing disclosure is not intended to limit the present disclosure to the exact forms disclosed or to a particular field of use. Accordingly, various alternative embodiments and / or modifications to the present disclosure are contemplated as possible in light of the present disclosure, whether explicitly described or implied herein. Having thus described embodiments of the present disclosure, those skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the present disclosure is limited only by the claims.

[0051] In the foregoing specification, the present disclosure has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, the various embodiments disclosed herein can be modified or implemented in various other ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Accordingly, this description should be regarded as illustrative and is for the purpose of teaching those skilled in the art how to make and use the various embodiments of the present disclosure. It should be understood that the forms of the disclosure shown and described herein are to be construed as representative embodiments. Those typically shown and described herein may be replaced with equivalent elements, materials, processes or steps. Further, certain features of the present disclosure can be utilized independently of the use of other features, as will become apparent to those skilled in the art after gaining the benefit of this description of the present disclosure. Expressions such as "including", "comprising", "incorporating", "consisting of", "having", "is", etc., used to describe and claim the present disclosure are to be construed in a non-exclusive manner, i.e., are intended to allow for the presence of items, components or elements not explicitly recited. References to the singular are also to be construed as relating to the plural.

[0052] Furthermore, the various embodiments disclosed herein should be construed in an exemplary and illustrative sense and should in no way be construed as limiting the present disclosure. All references to joining (e.g., attaching, fixing, coupling, connecting, etc.) are used only to assist the reader's understanding of the present disclosure and do not create limitations with respect to the position, orientation, or use of the systems and / or methods disclosed herein. Accordingly, references to joining, where present, should be construed broadly. Further, such references to joining do not necessarily mean that two elements are directly connected to each other.

[0053] Furthermore, all numerical terms such as "first", "second", "third", "primary", "secondary", "main", or any other ordinary and / or numerical terms, not limited to these, should also be interpreted only as identifiers to assist the reader's understanding of the various elements, embodiments, variations, and / or modifications of the present disclosure, and in particular, should not impose any restrictions on the order or priority of any element, embodiment, variation, and / or modification, with respect to, or in comparison with, another element, embodiment, variation, and / or modification.

[0054] It should also be understood that, as may be useful for a particular application, one or more of the elements shown in the drawings / figures may also be implemented in a more separated or integrated manner, or in certain cases removed or rendered inoperable. Furthermore, any signal hatching in the drawings / figures should be considered as illustrative only and not restrictive, unless otherwise specified.

Claims

1. A capless fuel unit composed of plastic parts, An elongated housing that is open at each end, At least one flapper valve housed within the housing and associated with a fluid port that is movable between an open position and a closed position, the at least one flapper valve being elastically biased to the closed position, An arrangement of elastomeric seals disposed within the housing proximate to the flapper valve, At least one or more of the plastic parts incorporating a graphene derivative for resistance to hydrocarbon emissions from fuel vapor leaking from the unit into the atmosphere. A capless fuel unit comprising the same.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one flapper valve further comprises a first flapper valve associated with a first fluid port and a second flapper valve associated with a second longitudinally spaced fluid port.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a pressure relief valve housed within each of the flapper valves.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an outer body attachable to the housing.

5. The plastic parts further comprise at least one of thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers, or other natural or synthetic polymers, and may be selected from, but not limited to, polypropylene, nylon 6, nylon 12, nylon 6,12, polyethylene, HDPE, terephthalate, polybutylene, polyvinyl fluoride, polyphthalamide, polyoxymethylene, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, polyester, and polyurethane. The apparatus according to claim 1.

6. The unit according to claim 1, further comprising a spring biasing each of the flapper valves toward the closed position.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the elastomeric seal further comprises a door seal surrounding the flapper valve.

8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the elastomeric seal further comprises a body seal configured within the housing at first and second axially spaced positions.

9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the graphene derivative further comprises at least one selected from the group including graphene, single-layer graphene, few-layer graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, and functionalized graphene.

10. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein each of the first and second flapper valves further comprises first and second valve portions fixed to each other by a snap fit.

11. A capless fuel unit composed of plastic parts, An elongated cylindrical housing that opens at each end, the housing defining first and second longitudinally spaced fluid ports, A first flapper valve associated with the first fluid port and a second flapper valve associated with the second fluid port, the flapper valves being elastically biased by first and second springs from an open position to a closed position, the first flapper valve and the second flapper valve, A pressure relief valve housed within each of the flapper valves, An elastomeric seal arrangement disposed within the housing in proximity to the flapper valves, At least one of the plastic parts incorporating graphene or a graphene derivative for resistance to hydrocarbon emissions from fuel vapor leaking from the unit to the atmosphere. A capless fuel unit comprising.

12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the elastomeric seal further comprises a door seal surrounding the flapper valve.

13. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the elastomeric seal further comprises a body seal configured within first and second axially spaced positions of the cylindrical housing.

14. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein each of the first and second flapper valves further comprises first and second valve portions fixed to each other by a snap fit.

15. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the graphene derivative further comprises at least one selected from the group including graphene, single-layer graphene, few-layer graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, and functionalized graphene.

16. A quick-connector device for a fuel system, A male connector defining a first body and a female connector defining a second body, the male connector being engaged with the female connector to define a fluid communication passage, the male connector and the female connector, An elastomeric seal arrangement incorporated within at least one of the bodies, A quick connector device comprising at least one or more plastic parts incorporating a graphene derivative for resistance to hydrocarbon emissions from fuel vapors leaking from the unit into the atmosphere.

17. The device according to claim 16, wherein the graphene derivative further comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of graphene, single-layer graphene, few-layer graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, and functionalized graphene.

18. The device according to claim 16, wherein the plastic part further comprises at least one of thermoplastic, thermosetting, elastomer, or other natural or synthetic polymers, and can be selected from, but not limited to, any of polypropylene, nylon 6, nylon 12, nylon 6,12, polyethylene, HDPE, terephthalate, polybutylene, polyvinyl fluoride, polyphthalamide, polyoxymethylene, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, polyester, and polyurethane.

19. A combination EVAP carbon canister, the body and the cover, which are plastic parts of the canister body and / or the cover, and comprise plastic parts incorporating a graphene derivative for resistance to hydrocarbon emissions from fuel vapors escaping to the atmosphere.

20. The body and the cover according to claim 19, wherein the graphene derivative further comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of single-layer graphene, few-layer graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, and functionalized graphene.

21. The body and the cover according to claim 19, wherein the plastic part further comprises at least one of thermoplastic, thermosetting, elastomer, or other natural or synthetic polymers, and can be selected from, but not limited to, any of polypropylene, nylon 6, nylon 12, nylon 6,12, polyethylene, HDPE, terephthalate, polybutylene, polyvinyl fluoride, polyphthalamide, polyoxymethylene, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, polyester, and polyurethane.

22. An EVAP bleed emissions scrubber body and cover, comprising a plastic part of the body incorporating a graphene derivative for resistance to hydrocarbon emissions from fuel vapors escaping to the atmosphere. EVAP bleed emissions scrubber body and cover. Claim 23 The main body and cover according to claim 22, wherein the graphene derivative further comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of single-layer graphene, few-layer graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, and functionalized graphene. Claim 24 The main body and cover according to claim 22, wherein the plastic part further comprises at least one of thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers, or other natural or synthetic polymers, and may be selected from, but not limited to, any of polypropylene, nylon 6, nylon 12, nylon 6,12, polyethylene, HDPE, terephthalate, polybutylene, polyvinyl fluoride, polyphthalamide, polyoxymethylene, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, polyester, and polyurethane.

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