System and method for a calibration phantom for retinal spectral imaging

Abstract

The eye phantom includes a curved standard reflector having a light-receiving surface configured to be illuminated by light, and one or more light-transmitting body components arranged so that the light passes through before illuminating the light-receiving surface of the curved standard reflector. The curved standard reflector mimics the optical characteristics of the retina of a living eye. The one or more light-transmitting body components mimic the optical characteristics of a living eye.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Cross - Reference to Related Applications This application claims the benefit and priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 356,652, filed on June 29, 2022, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 375,726, filed on September 15, 2022, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] This disclosure relates to systems and methods for calibrating a retinal spectral imaging system.

Background Art

[0003] Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative and fatal neurodegenerative disorder. Usually, the confirmation of this disease is carried out post - mortem. Among the existing conventional systems for diagnosis, some require highly invasive procedures or imaging devices, which are often inaccessible or inappropriate in terms of cost, complexity, or the use of harmful radioactive tracers.

[0004] There is a need for a non - invasive detection system that is easily operable and accessible to clinicians for screening patient populations for the early detection of lesions associated with AD, diagnosis, and tracking of patient responses to preventive or therapeutic interventions.

[0005] The optic nerve and retina are the result of brain development, and many conditions that affect the brain also appear in these structures, such as the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) protein, changes in the structure of the retinal layers, and other changes in chemical composition, structure, and function. Since the eye (eyeball) can be easily examined using various non-invasive light-based techniques to identify these physical changes, optical analysis is very suitable for these needs. For example, for examining the eyeball, spectral imaging can be used, which uses an imaging sensor (such as a charge-coupled device (CCD) or a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) sensor) that can decompose and measure multiple wavelengths of light reaching from two-dimensional objects or each spatial element of a scene. An improved system and method for calibrating a retinal spectral imaging system for imaging the eyeball are desired. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0006] The present disclosure relates to a phantom eye, which includes a curved reflectance standard having a light-receiving surface configured to be illuminated by light, and one or more (i.e., one or a plurality of) ocular media components arranged such that light passes through them before illuminating the light-receiving surface of the curved reflectance standard. The curved reflectance standard mimics the optical properties of the retina of a living eyeball. The one or more ocular media components mimic the optical properties of a living eyeball.

[0007] The present disclosure relates to a system including a phantom eye, which includes a curved reflectance standard having a light-receiving surface configured to be illuminated by light, and one or more ocular media components arranged such that light passes through them before illuminating the light-receiving surface of the curved reflectance standard. The curved reflectance standard mimics the optical properties of the retina of a living eyeball, and the one or more ocular media components mimic the optical properties of a living eyeball. The system also includes a light source configured to emit light to the curved reflectance standard, and a sensor configured to detect the light reflected by the curved reflectance standard.

[0008] The present disclosure relates to a method including imaging an eye phantom using a light source of an illumination assembly to generate a reference image, the eye phantom including a curved reference reflector having a light-receiving surface configured to be illuminated by light, and one or more light-transmissive component elements disposed between the curved reference reflector and the illumination assembly, the curved reference reflector mimicking the optical characteristics of the retina of a living eye, and the one or more light-transmissive component elements mimicking the optical characteristics of a living eye. The method further includes imaging a living eye using the light source of the illumination assembly to generate a spectral image of the living eye, and adjusting the spectral image of the living eye based at least in part on the reference image.

[0009] The present disclosure relates to a system including an eye phantom, an illumination assembly including a light source configured to direct light toward the eye phantom and a sensor configured to detect light reflected by the eye phantom, and a processor programmed to communicate with the illumination assembly and correct a spectral retinal image by the spectral calibration image of the eye phantom.

[0010] The present disclosure relates to an apparatus including at least one processor and at least one storage medium storing encoded executable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform a method. The method includes adjusting a hyperspectral image of a living eye based at least in part on a reference image imaged using an eye phantom, the eye phantom including a curved reference reflector having a light-receiving surface configured to be illuminated by light, and one or more light-transmissive component elements disposed such that light passes therethrough before illuminating the light-receiving surface of the curved reference reflector.

[0011] The present disclosure relates to a method of using an eye phantom, the method including imaging an eye phantom using a light source of an illumination assembly to generate a reference image, the reference image being configured to be used for calibrating an imaging system. The eye phantom includes a curved standard reflector having a light-receiving surface configured to be illuminated by light, and one or more light-transmitting components disposed between the curved standard reflector and the illumination assembly, the curved standard reflector mimicking the optical characteristics of the retina of a living eye, and the one or more light-transmitting components mimicking the optical characteristics of a living eye.

[0012] The present disclosure relates to at least one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing encoded executable instructions, which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform a method including adjusting a hyperspectral image of a living eye based at least in part on a reference image imaged using an eye phantom. The eye phantom includes a curved standard reflector having a light-receiving surface configured to be illuminated by light, and one or more light-transmitting components disposed such that light passes through them before illuminating the light-receiving surface of the curved standard reflector.

[0013] The present disclosure will be further described in the following detailed description by way of non-limiting examples of exemplary embodiments, with reference to a plurality of drawings. In that regard, like reference numerals represent like parts throughout several views of the drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0014]

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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0015] The above drawings illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure, but as mentioned in the description, other embodiments are also contemplated. The present disclosure is presented as a representative example rather than a limitation of the exemplary embodiments. Those skilled in the art can devise numerous other modifications and embodiments that fall within the scope of the principles and spirit of the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0016] The following description provides only exemplary embodiments and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the present disclosure. Rather, the following description of the exemplary embodiments provides those skilled in the art with an explanation that enables the implementation of one or more exemplary embodiments. It will be understood that various changes can be made to the functions and arrangements of the elements without departing from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure. Examples of the embodiments are described below with reference to the drawings. Identical elements, similar elements, or elements having the same function in the various figures are identified by the same reference numerals, and repeated descriptions of these elements are partially omitted to avoid redundancy. As used herein, "front" refers to the direction away from the curved standard reflector and approaching the light source configured to illuminate the light-receiving surface of the curved standard reflector. For example, the light from the light source passes through the components in front of the curved standard reflector and then illuminates the light-receiving surface of the curved standard reflector. Thus, as an example, when a first component is disposed in front of the curved standard reflector and a second component is disposed in front of the first component, the light from the light source passes through the second component, then through the first component, and after passing through the first component, illuminates the light-receiving surface of the curved standard reflector. As used herein, "rear" refers to the direction opposite to the front.

[0017] The present system and method can be used to calibrate a spectral imaging system that can be used to detect the presence of lesions associated with one or more Alzheimer's disease (AD), or other neurodegenerative diseases such as, for example, Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis, prion disease, motor neuron disease (MND), Huntington's disease (HD), spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), other forms of dementia, and similar diseases of the brain or nervous system. In some embodiments, the spectral imaging systems and methods of the present disclosure can detect biomarkers indicative of tauopathy or tauopathies, including, but not limited to, total tau (T-tau), tau PET, and phosphorylated tau (P-tau). In some embodiments, biomarkers indicative of tauopathy include, but are not limited to, phosphorylated paired helical filament tau (pTau), early tau phosphorylation, late tau phosphorylation, pTau181, pTau217, pTau231, total tau, plasma AB42 / 40, neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), and aggregation of misfolded tau proteins. In some embodiments, neurofilament light chain protein (NFL), neurofilament (NF), or abnormal / elevated neurofilament light chain protein (NFL) concentration can be detected. In some embodiments, surrogate markers of neurodegeneration or neuronal injury, such as volume reduction or other changes in the retina and optic nerve, degeneration within the sensory retina, and axonal injury of the optic nerve head can be detected. In some embodiments, an inflammatory response or neuroinflammation may be detected, which may indicate a neurodegenerative disease. In some embodiments, such an inflammatory response may be detected within retinal tissue. Examples of such responses include, but are not limited to, activation of retinal microglia, degeneration of ganglion cells (ganglion neuron degeneration), or activation of astrocytes.Other protein aggregates or biomarkers useful in the imaging methods and systems of the present disclosure include, for example, alpha-synuclein and TDP43 (TAR DNA-binding protein-43), as described in "Biomarkers for tau pathology" (Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Volume 97, June 2019, pages 18-33), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. In some embodiments, the imaging systems and methods of the present disclosure can be used to detect the presence or absence of protein aggregates or biomarkers, which indicate one or more neurodegenerative diseases in a patient's eye tissue, brain tissue, central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tissue, or any other tissue in which such formations or biomarkers occur. In some embodiments, the imaging systems and methods of the present disclosure detect protein aggregates or biomarkers indicating one or more neurodegenerative diseases without using dyes or ligands. The above are non-limiting examples, and it should be understood that the spectral imaging system described herein can be used to detect any number of desired biomarkers or diseases.

[0018] As described herein, calibrating the spectral imaging system can include correcting one or more aberrations and one or more artifacts in the spectral images generated from the living eye using the spectral imaging system. During spectral imaging, the reflected light reaching the imaging sensor varies depending on the object being imaged and the absorbance, transmittance, scattering, reflectance, and divergence of the scene, as well as the characteristics of the illumination light source.

[0019] As used herein, "spectral imaging" can relate to imaging of an object in one or more bands of any wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum. For example, "spectral imaging" can refer to hyperspectral imaging or multispectral imaging. In some embodiments, spectral imaging can be performed by a monochromatic sensor, an RGB sensor, a hyperspectral sensor, a multispectral sensor, a polarimetric sensor, or a spectro-polarimetric sensor.

[0020] Since a flat white light (light having the same intensity at all wavelengths) illumination source is generally not available and not practical, it is a common method to measure the spectral change of the light source (change in intensity as a function of wavelength) after reflection by an object or in situ. Next, the spectral change can be used as a calibration measurement value for correcting the measurement image of the object or in situ with respect to the characteristics of the light source, sensor, and optical system while retaining only the spectral intensity change caused by the object or in situ to be inspected. This calibration reference measurement value is usually obtained by placing a white reflection target (a target that is spectrally flat and reflects light of all wavelengths with the same efficiency) or a standard reflector on the optical plane where the object to be inspected is located, illuminating the white reflection target with the light source, and measuring the light reflected by the white reflection target with the sensor. The measurement value of the light reflected by the white reflection target is used as a reference for characterizing the spectral characteristics of the light source, the efficiency of the sensor, the transmittance of the optical system, and the spectral radiance of the wavelengths received during imaging of the object to be inspected. When imaging the object to be inspected, this reference can be used to correct the spectral measurement values of each spatial element. For example, the measured intensity of the light at each wavelength reflected by the object to be inspected at each wavelength can be divided by the reference intensity measured at the same wavelength when the reflection target is imaged.

[0021] Referring to FIG. 1A, a basic spectral imaging system 100 is shown that includes a light source 102, an object 104 to be inspected, and a sensor 106. The mathematical relationship between the intensity of the light emitted from the light source 102 (received by the object 104 to be inspected), the reflectivity of the object 104 to be inspected, and the intensity of the light measured by the sensor 106 (reflected by the object 104 to be inspected) is as follows. Here, R object (λ) represents the reflectivity of the object 104, and S object (λ) represents the intensity of the light measured by the sensor 106, and I(λ) represents the intensity of the light emitted by the light source 102.

[0022]

Equation

[0023] Referring to FIG. 1B, a basic spectral calibration system 110 is shown that includes a standard reflector 112 in place of the object 104, a light source 102, and a sensor 106. The mathematical relationship between the intensity of the light emitted from the light source 102 (received by the standard reflector 112), the reflectivity of the standard reflector 112, and the intensity of the light measured by the sensor 106 (reflected by the standard reflector 112) is as follows. Here, R standard (λ) represents the reflectivity of the standard reflector 112, and S standard (λ) represents the intensity of the light measured by the sensor 106, and I(λ) represents the intensity of the light emitted by the light source 102.

[0024]

Equation

[0025] Based on the above relationships, the intensity of the light reflected by the object 104 to be inspected, measured by the sensor 106, can be corrected for fluctuations in the intensity of the light source 102 by the following formula. Here, R corrected (λ) represents the reflectivity of the object 104 corrected for fluctuations in the intensities of the light source 102, the sensor 106, and the imaging system 100.

[0026]

Number

[0027] However, the accuracy of such correction methods and calibration methods may be limited by the design and arrangement of the standard reflector 112. For example, in order to perform accurate calibration, it is necessary to place the standard reflector 112 in the same optical plane as the light source 102 and the sensor 106 and image it under exactly the same conditions as the object 104 to be inspected. However, in certain embodiments, it may not be practical to place the standard reflector 112 in the same optical plane as the object 104 to be inspected. Also, commercially available standard reflectors 112 are typically designed as flat reflection targets. Such flat reflection targets may be insufficient as an approximation of the object 104 to be inspected if the object 104 to be inspected does not have a flat surface. Therefore, when the object 104 to be inspected does not have a flat surface or when the standard reflector 112 is not placed in the same optical plane as the object 104 to be inspected, the accuracy and performance of the above correction formula are significantly reduced, resulting in a loss of measurement accuracy of the spectral reflectance when imaging the object 104 to be inspected. As a non-limiting example, in some cases, the object 104 to be inspected can be the retina of the eye. In some cases, the object 104 to be inspected can be another part of the eye.

[0028] In fact, the above problems in spectral calibration are particularly prominent when the object 104 to be inspected is the retina of the eye. The eye is a natural optical system with its own lens and refractive power. The retina is located behind the optical elements such as the cornea, lens, aqueous humor, vitreous humor, sclera, and dynamic tear film, and is located deep inside the eye, although not particularly limited. Therefore, the retina is located on an optical plane with a position or distance that varies according to the specific eye to be imaged (e.g., myopic, emmetropic, hyperopic eyes). However, it may be difficult or undesirable to embed the standard reflector 112 in the optical plane of the retina inside the eye in order to generate a reference measurement value for spectral imaging of the eye.

[0029] Furthermore, even if the standard reflector 112 is embedded in the same optical plane as the retina in the eye, the retina is a curved surface, and the average adult retina has a radius of curvature of about 11 mm. The curvature of the retina affects the imaging characteristics of all optical lenses. When the object to be visually inspected is located in a plane orthogonal to the optical axis of the eye, the actual lens has a curved image plane where the image is in focus, and all image points located outside the optical axis are affected by so-called image plane curvature. The retina is a curved surface to overcome this effect and enables focusing on points outside the optical axis of the eye. Referring to FIG. 1C showing an ophthalmic imaging system for reforming an image with corrected image plane curvature on an imaging sensor, the ophthalmic imaging system captures an image of the retina on a planar sensor. Therefore, the ophthalmic imaging system can be adjusted and designed to correct the curvature (curvature) of the retina. For example, FIG. 1C shows two light emitting sources at different positions on the imaging field, and these light emitting sources are in focus on the imaging sensor regardless of their position and distance from the optical axis. Not only the curvature of the retina but also the curvature of the optical elements of the eye such as the cornea and the lens can be regarded as having a clear and aberration-free focused image on the sensor. Therefore, the precisely adapted optical components of the ophthalmic imaging system are designed to project the curved surface of the retina onto a planar sensor. In calibration, if a flat standard reflector is used instead of a curved standard reflector, its image is affected by image plane curvature, and points outside the optical axis of the imaging system are out of focus. In a spectral imaging system, points out of focus result in spatial and spectral cross-correlations between various objects in the imaged scene. In fact, points out of focus on the image plane spread over a wider range than in-focus points, so they overlap with in-focus points and contaminate the spectral information of adjacent pixels. Therefore, a flat standard reflector target has limited ability to approximate the reflectivity of a curved retina.

[0030] Based on the above discussion, it can be seen that the combination of the optical elements of the eyeball and the curvature of the retina modifies the light incident on the retina and reflected from the retina by absorption, scattering, optical aberration, and refraction that are not considered in a typical flat standard reflector 112 arranged outside the eyeball. Therefore, a spectral calibration system including an eyeball phantom or an artificial eyeball is required. Such an eyeball phantom can eliminate the need to implant a standard reflector into the living eyeball to be examined. Such an eyeball phantom can include a curved standard reflector for more accurately approximating or mimicking (reproducing) the retina of a living eyeball. To avoid or reduce the above-described out-of-focus cross-correlation between pixels during calibration of the spectral system, the curvature and optical system of the eyeball phantom can be made as close as possible to those of the actual living eyeball being examined.

[0031] Referring to FIG. 2, a spectral calibration system 200 is shown. In some embodiments, the spectral calibration system 200 can include an illumination assembly 270, and the illumination assembly 270 can include a light source 202 and a sensor 204. In some embodiments, the light source 202 can be a broadband light source that emits light over a broad spectrum, for example, within the wavelength range of ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared, or infrared light, or a narrowband light source that emits light with a narrow spectrum or a single wavelength. In some embodiments, the light source 202 can emit light with a single continuous spectrum, or can emit two or more discontinuous spectra. In some embodiments, the light source 202 can emit light having a constant intensity over a wavelength range, or the wavelength and intensity can be adjustable. In some embodiments, the light source 202 can be a single light source, or can be composed of a combination of multiple light sources of the same or different types as described above. In some embodiments, the light source 202 can be a xenon lamp, a mercury lamp, an LED, a laser, a superluminescent diode, a supercontinuum light source, or any other light source. In some embodiments, the sensor 204 can be any suitable sensor for spectral imaging, including, but not limited to, a monochrome camera, a camera with a mosaic filter array, a point spectrophotometer or a single pixel detector for a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) type system such as a diode / PMT. In some embodiments, the sensor 204 includes a spectral filter 206 for filtering the light detected by the sensor 204. In some embodiments, the sensor 204 can be without a filter, and the filtering of light can be performed within the light source 202 or at other locations along the optical path between the light source 202 and the sensor 204. The filter 206 can filter the light entering the sensor 204 so that only light of a selected wavelength is received by the sensor 204.

[0032] Spectral calibration system 200 further includes an eye phantom 210. The eye phantom 210 can include a shell 220 and a reference reflector 230. In some embodiments, the shell 220 can include one or more curved surfaces that define an internal volume 222 of the eye phantom 210. In some embodiments, the shell 220 can include at least a first curved portion 224 and a second curved portion 226. In some embodiments, the first curved portion 224 and the second curved portion 226 are aligned in a straight line with the optical path of light 240 emitted from the light source 202 to the reference reflector 230. In some embodiments, the first curved portion 224 and the second curved portion 226 are aligned in a straight line with the optical path of light 242 reflected by the reference reflector 230 to the sensor 204. In some embodiments, the first curved portion 224 and the second curved portion 226 may be disposed opposite to each other. In some embodiments, the first curved portion 224 is at the rear of the shell 220 of the eye phantom 210. In some embodiments, the second curved portion 226 is at the front of the shell 220 of the eye phantom 210. In some embodiments, the shell 220 can include an outer surface 227 and an inner surface 228. In some embodiments, one or more components of the eye phantom 210 that mimic the structure or function of components of a living eye can be fixed to the shell 220 on the outer surface 227 or the inner surface 228, or along the outer surface 227 or the inner surface 228. In some embodiments, one or more components of the eye phantom 210 that mimic the structure or function of components of a living eye can be fixed within the internal volume 222 of the eye phantom 210 on the outer surface 227 or the inner surface 228, or along the outer surface 227 or the inner surface 228.

[0033] The standard reflector 230 can be curved to mimic (reproduce) the structure and function of the retina. The standard reflector 230 can mimic (reproduce) the optical properties of the retina. As used herein, "optical properties" can refer to any property that defines how a material interacts with light. In some embodiments, the optical properties can include, but are not particularly limited to, one or more of curvature, refractive power or optical power, and transmittance. In some embodiments, the standard reflector 230 can have a radius of curvature of about 11 mm. In some embodiments, the standard reflector 230 can have a radius of curvature within the range of 7 mm to 15 mm. In some embodiments, the standard reflector 230 can have a radius of curvature within the range of 10 mm to 12 mm. In some embodiments, the standard reflector 230 can itself define the rear surface of the eye phantom 210. In such embodiments, the shell 220 can be divided so that the combination of the shell 220 and the standard reflector 230 at least partially defines the internal volume 222 of the eye phantom 210. In some embodiments, the standard reflector 230 can be fixed within the internal volume 222 of the eye phantom 210 on or along the inner surface 228 of the shell 220. In some embodiments, the standard reflector 230 can be coated on the inner surface 228 of the shell 220. In some embodiments, the standard reflector 230 can be fixed to the inner surface 228 of the first curved portion 224 of the shell 220. In some embodiments, the standard reflector 230 can be coated on the inner surface 228 of the first curved portion 224 of the shell 220. In some embodiments, the standard reflector 230 can be white. In some embodiments, the standard reflector 230 can be made of a standard reflector material having a known reflectivity, such as, but not particularly limited to, Spectralon (trademark), Permaflext, BaSO4, PTFE, etc., or can be coated with a standard reflector material having a known reflectivity. In some embodiments, the standard reflector 230 can be a color other than white. In some embodiments, the standard reflector 230 can have two or more colors on the same surface.In some embodiments, the standard reflector 230 can be fluorescent or can have some biological or artificial elements on its surface. In some embodiments, the standard reflector 230 can be composed of several layers of materials with different thicknesses or materials with equal thicknesses, and the thickness can range from nanometers to centimeters. In some embodiments, the standard reflector 230 can usually include a light-receiving surface configured to be illuminated by light. In some embodiments, the light-receiving surface can be configured to reflect light back to the sensor. In some embodiments, the light-receiving surface can be the concave surface of the standard reflector 230.

[0034] In some embodiments, the eye phantom 210 can include a light-transmissive body 250. In some embodiments, the light-transmissive body 250 can include one or more custom eye components that enable fine control over the optical properties of the eye phantom 210. The optical properties can include, among other things, the spectral transmittance and optical power of the eye phantom 210. In some embodiments, the light-transmissive body 250 can include one or more components that mimic the structure and function of components of a biological eye. In some embodiments, the light-transmissive body 250 can include one or more components that mimic (reproduce) optical properties such as the optical power of a biological eye. In some embodiments, the light-transmissive body 250 can be disposed between the standard reflector 230 and the light source 202. In some embodiments, the light-transmissive body 250 can be disposed between the standard reflector 230 and the sensor 204. In some embodiments, the light-transmissive body 250 can be disposed within or on the eye phantom 210 in front of the standard reflector 230. In some embodiments, one or more components of the light-transmissive body 250 can define the front surface of the eye phantom 210. In such embodiments, the shell 220 can be divided such that the shell 220 and the light-transmissive body 250 combine to at least partially define the internal volume 222 of the eye phantom 210. In some embodiments, one or more components of the light-transmissive body 250 can be fixed within the internal volume 222 of the eye phantom 210 to, or along, the inner surface 228 of the shell 220. In some embodiments, one or more components of the light-transmissive body 250 can be fixed to the inner surface 228 of the second curved portion 226 of the shell 220. In some embodiments, one or more components of the light-transmissive body 250 can be fixed to, or along, the outer surface 227 of the shell 220. In some embodiments, one or more components of the light-transmissive body 250 can be fixed to the outer surface 227 of the second curved portion 226 of the shell 220. In some embodiments, the light-transmissive body 250 can include the shell 220.That is, the shell 220 can be made of a material that allows for fine control of the spectral transmittance of the eye phantom 210 and can be shaped to be such a custom eye component.

[0035] The light transmissive body 250 can change the spectral radiant emittance from the light source 202 to the standard reflector 230. In some embodiments, the light transmissive body 250 can be designed to have custom known spectral characteristics. These custom characteristics can be obtained from acquisitions of biometric optical coherence tomography (anterior OCT), visible light hyperspectral optical coherence tomography (vis-OCT), psychophysical measurements, Purkinje imaging, technical data sheets of intraocular replacement lens manufacturers, or other information sources. The light transmissive body 250 can include components for mimicking the crystalline lens, cornea, or other optical elements of a living eye. The eye phantom 210 can include any number or type of components of the light transmissive body 250 until the eye phantom 210 becomes a complete optical replica of a living eye. The number and type of components of the light transmissive body 250 implemented within the eye phantom 210, as well as the respective design of the components implemented, can be specifically selected such that, in particular, the transmittance, refractive power, or other optical properties of the light transmissive body 250 are controlled. In particular, the respective design of the components implemented can be specifically selected to mimic optical properties such as the optical power or refractive power of a living eye.

[0036] Next, refer to FIG. 3, which shows the sub-components of the light-transmissive body 250 of the eye phantom 210 of the spectral calibration system 200, together with FIG. 2. In some embodiments, the light-transmissive body 250 can include an artificial sclera 260. The artificial sclera 260 can be formed of, for example, polycaprolactone (PCL), any glass, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), or other suitable polymer. In some embodiments, the artificial sclera 260 can define the shell 220 described in connection with FIG. 2. That is, in some embodiments, the artificial sclera 260 can form the shell 220, and the shell 220 can include any or all of the first curved portion 224, the second curved portion 226, the outer surface 227, and the inner surface 228. The artificial sclera 260 can be included, in particular, in the light-transmissive body 250 for a hyper / multi-spectral calibration system having trans-scleral illumination. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the artificial sclera 260 is disposed between the light source 202 and the reference reflector 230 of the illumination assembly 270 along the optical path of the light 240 emitted from the light source 202 to the reference reflector 230. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the artificial sclera 260 is disposed between the reference reflector 230 and the sensor 204 of the illumination assembly 270 along the optical path of the light 242 reflected from the reference reflector 230 to the sensor 204. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the artificial sclera 260 is disposed in front of the reference reflector 230. In some embodiments, the artificial sclera 260 can mimic the optical properties of the biological sclera. In some embodiments, the artificial sclera 260 can mimic the physical properties of the biological sclera.

[0037] In some embodiments, the light transmissive body 250 can include an artificial cornea 252. In some embodiments, the artificial cornea 252 can be formed of, for example, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), any glass, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), or other suitable polymer. In some embodiments, the artificial cornea 252 can be connected or adhered to the outer surface of the artificial sclera 260 or the shell 220. For example, in some embodiments, the artificial cornea 252 can be connected or adhered to the outer surface 227. In some embodiments, the artificial sclera 260 or the shell 220 can be split such that an opening is formed in the front portion of the artificial sclera 260 or the shell 220, and the artificial cornea 252 can close the opening formed in the front portion of the artificial sclera 260 or the shell 220. In some embodiments, the artificial cornea 252 is disposed between the light source 202 and the standard reflector 230 of the illumination assembly 270 along the optical path of the light 240 emitted from the light source 202 to the standard reflector 230. In some embodiments, the artificial cornea 252 is disposed between the standard reflector 230 and the sensor 204 of the illumination assembly 270 along the optical path of the light 242 reflected from the standard reflector 230 to the sensor 204. In some embodiments, the artificial cornea 252 is disposed in front of the standard reflector 230. Incorporating the artificial cornea 252 into the light transmissive body 250 of the eye phantom 210 can be useful for adding pathological formations and shape or spectral alteration effects, particularly when simulating or mimicking a living eye with a disease such as keratoconus. In some embodiments, the artificial cornea 252 can be formed by a series of layers having single or different refractive indices so as to mimic a living eye. In some embodiments, the artificial cornea 252 can mimic the optical properties of a living cornea. In some embodiments, the artificial cornea 252 can mimic the physical properties of a living cornea.

[0038] In some embodiments, the light-transmissive body 250 can include an artificial iris 254. In some embodiments, the artificial iris 254 can be formed, for example, with a commercially available lens diaphragm. In some embodiments, the artificial iris 254 can be formed with a fluid system based on, for example, a mixture of an opaque fluid and a transparent fluid or a mixture of a completely black material and an absorptive or total-reflective material, driven by electro-wetting. In some embodiments, the artificial iris 254 can be a film that allows light to pass through only a part of its inner region or its outer region. In some embodiments, the artificial iris 254 can be connected or adhered to the inner surface of the artificial sclera 260 or the shell 220 or the inner surface of the artificial cornea 252. In some embodiments, the artificial iris 254 is disposed between the artificial cornea 252 and the standard reflector 230 along the optical path of the light 240 emitted from the light source 202 to the standard reflector 230 or along the optical path of the light 242 reflected from the standard reflector 230 to the sensor 204. In some embodiments, the artificial iris 254 is disposed in front of the standard reflector 230. In some embodiments, the artificial iris 254 is disposed behind the artificial cornea 252. In some embodiments, the artificial iris 254 is disposed between the light source 202 of the illumination assembly 270 and the standard reflector 230 along the optical path of the light 240 emitted from the light source 202 to the standard reflector 230. In some embodiments, the artificial iris 254 is disposed between the standard reflector 230 and the sensor 204 of the illumination assembly 270 along the optical path of the light 242 reflected from the standard reflector 230 to the sensor 204. The artificial iris 254 can be included in the light-transmissive body 250 to simulate or mimic how the effects of different-sized pupils (e.g., senile miosis in an elderly population) or mydriasis (e.g., by tropicamide) affect the quality of the spectral image. In some embodiments, the light-transmissive body 250 can include a plurality of artificial irises 254. In some embodiments, the artificial iris 254 can be an adjustable diaphragm capable of increasing or decreasing the amount of light passing through to the standard reflector 230 or increasing or decreasing the amount of light passing through to the sensor 204.In some embodiments, the artificial iris 254 can mimic the optical characteristics of the biological iris. In some embodiments, the artificial iris 254 can mimic the physical characteristics of the biological iris.

[0039] In some embodiments, the light-transmitting body 250 can include an intraocular lens 256. In some embodiments, the intraocular lens 256 can be formed of, for example, a commercially available lens or a custom-manufactured lens. In some embodiments, the intraocular lens 256 can be formed of, for example, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), any glass, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), or other suitable polymer. In some embodiments, a custom-manufactured lens can have spectral absorbers and scatterers that mimic the yellowing (accumulation and aggregation of crystallin) of the lens of an elderly subject. In some embodiments, the intraocular lens 256 can be connected or adhered to the inner surface of the artificial sclera 260 or the shell 220 or the inner surface of the artificial iris 254. In some embodiments, the intraocular lens 256 can be disposed between the artificial cornea 252 or the artificial iris 254 and the standard reflector 230 along the optical path of the light 240 emitted from the light source 202 to the standard reflector 230 or the optical path of the light 242 reflected from the standard reflector 230 to the sensor 204. In some embodiments, the intraocular lens 256 is disposed in front of the standard reflector 230. In some embodiments, the intraocular lens 256 is disposed behind the artificial cornea 252 or the artificial iris 254. In some embodiments, the intraocular lens 256 can be disposed in front of the artificial iris 254. In some embodiments, the intraocular lens 256 is disposed between the light source 202 of the illumination assembly 270 and the standard reflector 230 along the optical path of the light 240 emitted from the light source 202 to the standard reflector 230. In some embodiments, the intraocular lens 256 is disposed between the standard reflector 230 and the sensor 204 of the illumination assembly along the optical path of the light 242 reflected from the standard reflector 230 to the sensor 204. In some embodiments, the intraocular lens 256 can be an intraocular lens. In some embodiments, the intraocular lens 256 can have an optical power different from that of an emmetropic eye. In some embodiments, the intraocular lens 256 can be a plano-concave lens, a plano-convex lens, a meniscus lens, a biconvex lens, or a biconcave lens. In some embodiments, the intraocular lens 256 can mimic the optical properties of a natural lens.In some embodiments, the intraocular lens 256 can mimic the physical properties of the natural lens.

[0040] In some embodiments, the transparent body 250 can include the artificial aqueous humor 258. In some embodiments, the artificial aqueous humor 258 can be formed of, for example, a polymeric fluid, water, or any other liquid or polymer that matches the refractive index and spectral characteristics of human aqueous humor. In some embodiments, the artificial aqueous humor 258 can be disposed within a cavity 264 defined by at least a portion of the artificial cornea 252, the artificial iris 254, or the intraocular lens 256. In some embodiments, the artificial aqueous humor 258 is disposed between the artificial cornea 252 and the intraocular lens 256 or the reference reflector 230 along the optical path of the light 240 emitted from the light source 202 to the reference reflector 230 or the optical path of the light 242 reflected from the reference reflector 230 to the sensor 204. In some embodiments, the artificial aqueous humor 258 is disposed in front of the reference reflector 230 and the intraocular lens 256. In some embodiments, the artificial aqueous humor 258 is disposed behind the artificial cornea 252. In some embodiments, the artificial aqueous humor 258 is disposed between the light source 202 of the illumination assembly 270 and the reference reflector 230 along the optical path of the light 240 emitted from the light source 202 to the reference reflector 230. In some embodiments, the artificial aqueous humor 258 is disposed between the reference reflector 230 and the sensor 204 of the illumination assembly 270 along the optical path of the light 242 reflected from the reference reflector 230 to the sensor 204. In some embodiments, the artificial aqueous humor 258 can contain particles and can mimic a diseased state. In some embodiments, the pressure inside the artificial aqueous humor 258 can be controlled to mimic a diseased state such as glaucoma. In some embodiments, the artificial aqueous humor 258 can mimic the optical properties of the natural aqueous humor. In some embodiments, the artificial aqueous humor 258 can mimic the physical properties of the natural aqueous humor.

[0041] In some embodiments, the light-transmissive body 250 can include an artificial vitreous humor 262. In some embodiments, the artificial vitreous humor 262 can be formed of, for example, a polymeric fluid, water, or any other material that mimics the spectral and optical properties of human vitreous humor. In some embodiments, the artificial vitreous humor 262 can be disposed within a cavity 266 defined at least in part by the standard reflector 230, the intraocular lens 256, and the artificial sclera 260 or shell 220. In some embodiments, the artificial vitreous humor 262 is disposed between the standard reflector 230 and the intraocular lens 256 along the optical path of the light 240 emitted from the light source 202 to the standard reflector 230 or the optical path of the light 242 reflected from the standard reflector 230 to the sensor 204. In some embodiments, the artificial vitreous humor 262 is disposed in front of the standard reflector 230. In some embodiments, the artificial vitreous humor 262 is disposed behind the intraocular lens 256. In some embodiments, the artificial vitreous humor 262 is disposed between the light source 202 of the illumination assembly 270 and the standard reflector 230 along the optical path of the light 240 emitted from the light source 202 to the standard reflector 230. In some embodiments, the artificial vitreous humor 262 is disposed between the standard reflector 230 and the sensor 204 of the illumination assembly 270 along the optical path of the light 242 reflected from the standard reflector 230 to the sensor 204. In some embodiments, the artificial vitreous humor 262 can mimic the optical properties of the biological vitreous humor. In some embodiments, the artificial vitreous humor 262 can mimic the physical properties of the biological vitreous humor.

[0042] As described above, the number and type of components of the light-transmitting body 250 implemented in the eyeball phantom 210, and the respective designs of the components to be implemented, can be selected such that the transmittance and refractive power of the light-transmitting body 250 are particularly controlled. The following equation shows the relationship between the spectral characteristics (I(λ)) of the known light source 202, the spectral characteristics (M(λ), or more specifically 2M(λ) in the case of double-pass reflectance measurement) of the light-transmitting body 250 that can be particularly selected, the spectral characteristics (R(λ)) of the known standard reflector 230, the spectral characteristics (F(λ)) of the known spectral filter 206, and the spectral characteristics (S(λ)) of the light measured by the sensor 204. It should be understood that the parameter of the light-transmitting body 250 with spectral characteristics M(λ) can be further divided into sub-functions. Each of the sub-functions can represent, for example, the spectral characteristics of a single component of the light-transmitting body 250.

[0043]

Number

[0044] It should be understood that the transparent body 250 of the eye phantom 210 can include more or fewer components than those described with respect to FIG. 3. For example, the transparent body 250 can include a tear film and other optical components to simulate or mimic the optical system of a living eye. Further, the eye phantom can include various components of the transparent body 250 in any combination. For example, referring to FIG. 4, a calibration system 300 is shown. The calibration system 300 includes an eye phantom 310 shown in cross-section. The eye phantom 310 can be similar to the eye phantom 210 described with respect to FIGS. 2 and 3 in all respects except as noted herein. For example, the eye phantom 310 can include a shell 320 that can be formed of an artificial sclera in some embodiments, and a standard reflector 330. The eye phantom 310 further includes a transparent body 350, the transparent body 350 includes an artificial lens 356, and may not include any or all of the artificial cornea 252, artificial iris 254, artificial vitreous humor 262, artificial sclera 260, or artificial aqueous humor 258 described with respect to FIG. 3. In some embodiments, the artificial lens 356 can be connected or adhered to the outer surface of the shell 320. In some embodiments, the artificial lens 356 can be connected or adhered to the inner surface of the shell 320. In some embodiments, the shell 320 can be divided such that an opening is formed in the front portion of the shell 320, and the artificial lens 356 can close the opening formed in the front portion of the shell 320. The calibration system 300 can further include an illumination assembly 370, which is shown in a simplified form but is similar to the illumination assembly 270 (FIGS. 2 and 3) and can include a light source and a sensor. As described with respect to FIG. 3, in some embodiments, the artificial lens 356 is disposed between the light source of the illumination assembly 370 and the standard reflector 330 along the optical path of the light emitted from the light source of the illumination assembly 370 to the standard reflector 330. In some embodiments, the artificial lens 356 is disposed between the standard reflector 330 and the sensor of the illumination assembly 370 along the optical path of the light reflected from the standard reflector 330 to the sensor of the illumination assembly 370.In some embodiments, the intraocular lens 356 is disposed in front of the standard reflector 330. The eye phantom 310 can include a standard reflector 330 coated on the inner surface of the shell 320, as referred to with respect to FIGS. 2 and 3.

[0045] Referring to FIG. 5, a calibration system 400 is shown. The calibration system 400 includes an eye phantom 410 shown in cross-section. The eye phantom 410 can be similar to the eye phantom 210 described with respect to FIGS. 2 and 3 in all respects except as noted herein. For example, in some embodiments, the eye phantom 410 can include a shell 420 that can be formed of an artificial sclera and a standard reflector 430. The eye phantom 410 further includes a light transmissive body 450, the light transmissive body 450 including an intraocular lens 456 and an artificial cornea 452, and may not include any or all of the artificial iris 254, the artificial vitreous humor 262, the artificial sclera 260, or the artificial aqueous humor 258 described with respect to FIG. 3. In some embodiments, the intraocular lens 456 can be connected or adhered to the outer surface of the shell 420. In some embodiments, the intraocular lens 456 can be connected or adhered to the inner surface of the shell 420. In some embodiments, the shell 420 can be split such that an opening is formed in the front portion of the shell 420, and the intraocular lens 456 can close the opening formed in the front portion of the shell 420. In some embodiments, the artificial cornea 452 can be connected or adhered to the outer surface of the shell 420. In some embodiments, the artificial cornea 452 can be connected or adhered to the inner surface of the shell 420. In some embodiments, the shell 420 can be split such that an opening is formed in the front portion of the shell 420, and the artificial cornea 452 can close the opening formed in the front portion of the shell 420. In some embodiments, the artificial cornea 452 can be connected or adhered to the front surface of the intraocular lens 456.

[0046] Calibration system 400 can further include an illumination assembly 470, which is shown in a simplified form but is similar to illumination assembly 270 (Figs. 2 and 3) and can include a light source and a sensor. In some embodiments, the intraocular lens 456 and the artificial cornea 452 are disposed between the light source of the illumination assembly 470 and the standard reflector 430 along the optical path of the light emitted from the light source of the illumination assembly 470 to the standard reflector 430. In some embodiments, the intraocular lens 456 and the artificial cornea 452 are disposed between the standard reflector 430 and the sensor of the illumination assembly 470 along the optical path of the light reflected from the standard reflector 430 to the sensor. In some embodiments, the intraocular lens 456 and the artificial cornea 452 are disposed in front of the standard reflector 430. In some embodiments, the intraocular lens 456 is disposed in front of the standard reflector 430 and behind the artificial cornea 452.

[0047] Continuing to refer to FIG. 5, the eye phantom 410 can include an interchangeable standard reflector 430. For example, in some embodiments, the shell 420 can include one or more receivers, such as grooves, recesses, or teeth, at least partially along the inner surface of the shell 420. The user can insert the selected standard reflector 430 into the receiver, for example, by a friction fit or snap fit between the standard reflector 430 and the receiver. Thus, the user can select a standard reflector 430 that mimics or mirrors a particular curvature, such as the curvature of the retina of a biological eye of interest, and replace the standard reflector 430 in the eye phantom 410 as needed. It should be understood that any of the above-described embodiments of the eye phantom can similarly include an interchangeable standard reflector 430. Further, it should be understood that the eye phantom 410 can include a standard reflector 430 coated on the shell 420 or a standard reflector 430 fixed to the shell 420.

[0048] Referring to FIG. 6, calibration system 500 is shown. Calibration system 500 includes an eye phantom 510 shown in cross-section. Eye phantom 510 may be similar to eye phantom 210 described with respect to FIGS. 2 and 3 in all respects except as noted herein. For example, in some embodiments, eye phantom 510 can include a shell 520 that can be formed of an artificial sclera and a standard reflector 530. Eye phantom 510 further includes a light transmissive body 550, and the light transmissive body 550 includes an intraocular lens 556, an artificial cornea 552, and an artificial iris 554, and may not include any or all of the artificial vitreous humor 262, artificial sclera 260, or artificial aqueous humor 258 described with respect to FIG. 3.

[0049] In some embodiments, the intraocular lens 556 can be connected or adhered to the outer surface of the shell 520. In some embodiments, the intraocular lens 556 can be connected or adhered to the inner surface of the shell 520. In some embodiments, the shell 520 can be split such that an opening is formed in the front portion of the shell 520, and the intraocular lens 556 can close the opening formed in the front portion of the shell 520. In some embodiments, the artificial cornea 552 can be connected or adhered to the outer surface of the shell 520. In some embodiments, the artificial cornea 552 can be connected or adhered to the inner surface of the shell 520. In some embodiments, the shell 520 can be split such that an opening is formed in the front portion of the shell 520, and the artificial cornea 552 can close the opening formed in the front portion of the shell 520. In some embodiments, the artificial cornea 552 can be connected or adhered to the front surface of the intraocular lens 556. In some embodiments, the artificial iris 554 can be connected or adhered to the inner surface of the shell 520. In some embodiments, the artificial iris 554 can be connected or adhered to the rear surface of the lens 556.

[0050] The calibration system 500 can further include an illumination assembly 570, which is shown in a simplified form but is similar to the illumination assembly 270 (Figs. 2 and 3) and can include a light source and a sensor. In some embodiments, the intraocular lens 556, the artificial cornea 552, and the artificial iris 554 are disposed between the light source of the illumination assembly 570 and the standard reflector 530 along the optical path of the light emitted from the light source of the illumination assembly 570 to the standard reflector 530. In some embodiments, the intraocular lens 556, the artificial cornea 552, and the artificial iris 554 are disposed between the standard reflector 530 and the sensor of the illumination assembly 570 along the optical path of the light reflected from the standard reflector 530 to the sensor. In some embodiments, the intraocular lens 556, the artificial cornea 552, and the artificial iris 554 are disposed in front of the standard reflector. In some embodiments, the artificial iris 554 is disposed in front of the standard reflector 530, and the intraocular lens is disposed in front of the artificial iris 554 and behind the artificial cornea 552. An eye phantom 510 having an interchangeable standard reflector 530 is shown, but it should be understood that the eye phantom 510 can alternatively include a standard reflector 530 coated on the shell 520 or a standard reflector 530 fixed to the shell 520.

[0051] Next, referring to FIG. 7, a calibration system 600 is shown. In some embodiments, the calibration system 600 can include the eye phantom 510 described with respect to FIG. 6, shown in cross-section. In some embodiments, the calibration system 600 can further include the illumination assembly 570 described with respect to FIG. 6. In some embodiments, the calibration system 600 can further include a spectral filter 602. The spectral filter 602 can attenuate light of a specific wavelength. For example, if the light source of the illumination assembly 570 does not emit many photons in a specific wavelength range, noise may occur in the spectral reflectance image of the eye phantom 510. Thus, by including the spectral filter 602 in the calibration system 600, wavelengths that may affect the spectral output distribution (SPD) of the light source of the illumination assembly 570 can be attenuated. In some embodiments, the spectral filter 602 can be a flattening filter. In some embodiments, the spectral filter 602 can compensate for the transmittance of the system. In some embodiments, the spectral filter 602 can account for the light absorber of a standard observer and the fundus reflectance.

[0052] In some embodiments, the spectral filter 602 can be connected or adhered to the outer surface of the shell 520. In some embodiments, the spectral filter 602 can be connected or adhered to the inner surface of the shell 520. In some embodiments, the spectral filter 602 can be connected or adhered to the most forward component of the light transmissive body 550. For example, in some embodiments, the spectral filter 602 can be connected or adhered to the front surface of the artificial cornea 552. In some embodiments, such as those having the eye phantom 310 shown in FIG. 4, the spectral filter 602 can be connected or adhered to the front surface of the intraocular lens 356 (FIG. 4). In some embodiments, the spectral filter 602 may not be physically coupled to the eye phantom 510. In some embodiments, the spectral filter 602 is disposed between the light source of the illumination assembly 570 and the standard reflector 530 along the optical path of the light emitted from the light source of the illumination assembly 570 to the standard reflector 530. In some embodiments, the spectral filter 602 is disposed between the standard reflector 530 and the sensor of the illumination assembly 570 along the optical path of the light reflected from the standard reflector 530 to the sensor of the illumination assembly 570. In some embodiments, the spectral filter 602 can be disposed in front of the standard reflector 530. In some embodiments, the spectral filter 602 can be disposed between the illumination assembly 570 and the light transmissive body 550 along the optical path of the light emitted from the light source of the illumination assembly 570 to the standard reflector 530. In some embodiments, the spectral filter 602 can be disposed between the illumination assembly 570 and the light transmissive body 550 along the optical path of the light reflected from the standard reflector 530 to the sensor of the illumination assembly 570. In some embodiments, the spectral filter 602 can be disposed in front of the light transmissive body 550. It should be understood that the spectral filter 602 can be incorporated into any of the calibration systems described above or below.

[0053] Next, referring to FIG. 8, a cross-sectional view of the eye phantom 700 is shown. The eye phantom 700 may be similar to the eye phantom 210 described with respect to FIGS. 2 and 3 in all respects except as noted herein. For example, in some embodiments, the eye phantom 700 can include a shell that can be formed of an artificial sclera and a standard reflector 730. The eye phantom 700 can further include a light transmissive body 702, and the light transmissive body 702 can include an artificial sclera 704, an artificial lens 706, an artificial iris 708, an artificial cornea 710, or an artificial vitreous humor 712. It should be understood that the light transmissive body 702 can include any combination of the light transmissive body components described with respect to FIGS. 2-7. The light transmissive body 702 is shown in an exploded view for simplicity of the figure. However, similar to the light transmissive body described with respect to FIGS. 2-7, it should be understood that one or more components of the light transmissive body 702 can be assembled into the eye phantom 700.

[0054] In some embodiments, the eye phantom 700 can include an enclosure 720. The enclosure 720 can house one or more sub-components of the eye phantom 700, and the sub-components include the light transmissive body 702 and the standard reflector 730. In some embodiments, the enclosure 720 can include a curved cutout 722, and one or more components of the standard reflector 730 and the light transmissive body 702 are disposed in the curved cutout 722. In some embodiments, the standard reflector 730 is disposed so as to contact the surface 724 of the cutout 722. In some embodiments, the standard reflector 730 is coupled or adhered to the surface 724 of the cutout 722. In some embodiments, one or more components of the light transmissive body 702, such as the artificial sclera 704, can be disposed within the curved cutout 722 so as to contact the front surface of the standard reflector 730. In some embodiments, one or more components of the light transmissive body 702 can be coupled to the front surface of the standard reflector 730.

[0055] In some embodiments, the actuator 740 is disposed within the housing 720. In some embodiments, the actuator 740 can be a stage, such as a six-degree-of-freedom stage, a mounting bob, or other mechanical actuator. In some embodiments, the actuator 740 can be coupled to the standard reflector 730. In some embodiments, the actuator 740 can be coupled to the rear surface of the standard reflector 730. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the actuator 740 can extend along or through an opening in the surface 724 of the cutout portion 722. In some embodiments, the actuator 740 can adjust the position of one or more components of the standard reflector 730 and the light-transmitting body 702 coupled to the standard reflector 730 with respect to the cutout portion 722 and the housing 720. In some embodiments, the actuator 740 can adjust the position of one or more components of the standard reflector 730 and the light-transmitting body 702 to align a particular entrance of the eye phantom 700 with the sensor and / or light source of the illumination assembly.

[0056] In some embodiments, the mechanical housing 720 includes an attachment portion 760. In some embodiments, the attachment portion 760 can be formed on the outer surface of the housing 720. The attachment portion 760 can be of any desired size or shape for attaching the housing 720 to the device. The device can be a chin rest, a stand, a tripod, an optical bench, or other device for maintaining the eye phantom 700 in the desired position for spectral imaging. In some embodiments, the attachment portion 760 can be a cavity of a size and shape that allows the housing 720 to be friction fit to a device having a correspondingly sized component to be received by the attachment portion 760. In some embodiments, the attachment portion 760 can be a cavity that includes one or more grooves internally for forming a snap fit with a correspondingly sized component of the device. In some embodiments, the attachment portion 760 can be a cavity that includes a female thread for receiving a threaded member such as a screw of the device. Although embodiments have been described where the housing 720 includes a female attachment portion 760 (i.e., the attachment portion 760 is sized or shaped to receive one or more components of the device therein), it should be understood that in some embodiments, the attachment portion 760 can be a male component formed within or extending from the housing 720. For example, in some embodiments, the attachment portion 760 can be a protrusion from the housing 720, and the protrusion can be provided with threads, grooves, or other sizes and shapes to be fixed within a corresponding female feature of the device. In some embodiments, the device can be an actuator for adjusting the position of the eye phantom 700 and can include an actuator coupled to the attachment portion 760.

[0057] In some embodiments, the eye phantom 700 can be a single unit. That is, the various components of the eye phantom 700, such as the housing 720, the standard reflector 730, and the light-transmitting body 702, can be firmly fixed to each other. Similarly, it should be understood that the various components of the eye phantom described with respect to FIGS. 2 to 7, including the shell, the standard reflector, and the light-transmitting body, can be firmly fixed to each other. In some embodiments, the eye phantom 700 may be modular. That is, the various components of the eye phantom 700, such as the housing 720, the standard reflector 730, and the light-transmitting body 702, do not have to be firmly fixed to each other. Similarly, it should be understood that the various components of the eye phantom described with respect to FIGS. 2 to 7, including the shell, the standard reflector, and the light-transmitting body, do not have to be firmly fixed to each other. In such modular embodiments, the components of the eye phantom 700, or any of the eye phantoms described with respect to FIGS. 2 to 7, can be exchanged and / or replaced as needed. In such modular embodiments, by way of non-limiting example, the components of the eye phantom 700, or any of the eye phantoms described with respect to FIGS. 2 to 7, can be connected by attachment studs, threads, adhesive tapes, attachment clamps, or wedges. In some embodiments, the modular connection can be waterproof. For example, in some embodiments, the eye phantom 700, or any of the eye phantoms described with respect to FIGS. 2 to 7, can include one or more rubber O-rings to provide a waterproof connection between the modular parts. Such a waterproof connection can be used in embodiments where the eye phantom 700 contains water or other liquids inside.

[0058] In some embodiments, the eye phantom 700 includes one or more clamping fixtures 750. In some embodiments, the clamping fixture 750 can extend along the front surface of the mechanical housing 720. In some embodiments, the clamping fixture 750 can secure one or more components of the standard reflector 730 or the light transmissive body 702 within the cutout portion 722. In some embodiments, the clamping fixture 750 can secure one or more components of the standard reflector 730 or the light transmissive body 702 within the housing 720. The clamping fixture 750 can be any known or suitable fixing means such as, but not limited to, screws, sealants, or bolts. In some embodiments, the standard reflector 730 can be disposed freely within the cutout portion 722. That is, the standard reflector 730 may not be bonded or adhered to the surface 724 of the cutout portion 722 for fixation. Similarly, in some embodiments, one or more components of the light transmissive body 702 such as the sclera 704 may not be bonded or adhered to the front surface of the standard reflector 730 within the cutout portion 722 for fixation. In such embodiments, the clamping fixture 750 can secure one or more components of the standard reflector 730 and the light transmissive body 702 within the cutout portion 722 and within the housing 720.

[0059] It should be understood that the eye phantom 700 can be incorporated into any of the calibration systems described with respect to FIGS. 2-7. That is, when incorporated into a calibration system that includes an illumination assembly, the various components of the eye phantom 700, including the standard reflector 730 and the light transmissive body 702, can be arranged relative to each other and relative to the illumination assembly as described with respect to any of FIGS. 2-7. Additionally, it should be understood that the OEMI-7 eye model is not suitable for the eye phantom disclosed herein because it does not have access to the space required to fit a curved standard reflector of appropriate or standard thickness.

[0060] Next, referring to FIG. 9A, calibration system 800 is shown. Calibration system 800 includes an eye phantom 810 shown in cross-section. Eye phantom 810 may be similar to any of the eye phantoms described with reference to FIGS. 2-8, except at the points referred to herein. For example, eye phantom 810 can include a standard reflector 830 and a light transmissive body 850, and light transmissive body 850 can include at least an intraocular lens 856. The light transmissive body 850, which includes the intraocular lens 856, the standard reflector 830, and the illumination assembly 870, can be arranged relative to each other as described with respect to any of FIGS. 2-8. In some embodiments, the intraocular lens 856 is coupled to a track 880. In some embodiments, the track 880 can include one or more movable components such as a belt disposed on two or more rotating shafts. In some embodiments, the intraocular lens 856 can be coupled to the track 880 by a mount 882. The track 880 can be operative to move the mount 882, and thus the intraocular lens 856. In particular, the track 880 can be operative to move the intraocular lens 856 closer to or farther from the standard reflector 830 to achieve a refractive power of interest in the eye phantom 810. For example, the refractive power of interest can mimic refractive conditions of myopia or hyperopia. The operation of the track 880 can be used to mimic various eyes having different shapes and distances between different light transmissive body components.

[0061] In some embodiments, instead of the intraocular lens 856, one or more other light-transmitting component(s) of the light-transmitting body 850, such as an artificial cornea, are coupled to the track 880, and the distance of the one or more other light-transmitting component(s) relative to the standard reflector 830 can be adjusted. In some embodiments, in addition to the intraocular lens 856, the one or more other light-transmitting component(s) of the light-transmitting body 850, such as an artificial cornea, are coupled to the track 880, and in combination with the intraocular lens 856, the distance of the one or more other light-transmitting component(s) relative to the standard reflector 830 can be adjusted. In some embodiments, for example, when the one or more other components of the light-transmitting body 850 are coupled to each other, the intraocular lens 856 and the one or more other light-transmitting component(s) are moved as a single unit (integrally) along the track 880. In some embodiments, the intraocular lens 856 is coupled to the track 880, and the one or more other light-transmitting component(s) are coupled to a different track, such that the intraocular lens 856 and the one or more other light-transmitting component(s) can be moved separately relative to the standard reflector 830. In some embodiments, instead of the intraocular lens 856 or the one or more other light-transmitting component(s), the standard reflector 830 is coupled to the track 880, and by moving the standard reflector 830 along the track 880 relative to the intraocular lens 856 or the one or more other light-transmitting component(s), the distance between the standard reflector 830 and the intraocular lens 856 or the one or more other light-transmitting component(s) is adjusted.

[0062] Next, referring to FIGS. 9B and 9C, a calibration system 800 is shown that includes a rotating wheel 884 instead of the track 880, and the rotating wheel 884 is shown in a front view in FIG. 9C. In some embodiments, the rotating wheel 884 includes a plurality of intraocular lenses 856A, 856B, 856C disposed therein. In some embodiments, each of the plurality of intraocular lenses 856A, 856B, 856C can have a different refractive power. In some embodiments, the actuator rotates the rotating wheel 884 by driving the rotating wheel 884 until a desired one of the plurality of intraocular lenses 856A, 856B, 856C is disposed between the light source of the illumination assembly 870 and the standard reflector 830 along the optical path of the light emitted from the light source of the illumination assembly 870 to the standard reflector 830. In some embodiments, the actuator rotates the rotating wheel 884 by driving the rotating wheel 884 until a desired one of the plurality of intraocular lenses 856A, 856B, 856C is disposed between the standard reflector 830 and the sensor of the illumination assembly 870 along the optical path of the light reflected from the standard reflector 830 to the sensor.

[0063] In some embodiments, a plurality of other light-transmissive components, such as an artificial cornea, are coupled to the rotating wheel 884 instead of or in addition to the plurality of crystalline lenses 856A, 856B, 856C, thereby selecting a desired artificial cornea for specific eye characteristics and placing it along the optical path of the light emitted from the light source of the illumination assembly 870 to the standard reflector 830, or between the standard reflector 830 and the sensor of the illumination assembly 570 along the optical path of the light reflected from the standard reflector 830 to the sensor. In some embodiments, for example, when the plurality of other light-transmissive components of the light-transmissive body 850 are each coupled to the plurality of artificial crystalline lenses 856A, 856B, 856C, the plurality of artificial crystalline lenses 856A, 856B, 856C and the plurality of other light-transmissive components are rotated integrally on the rotating wheel 884. In some embodiments, the plurality of artificial crystalline lenses 856A, 856B, 856C are coupled to the rotating wheel 884, and the plurality of other light-transmissive components are coupled to another rotating wheel, so that the plurality of artificial crystalline lenses 856A, 856B, 856C and the plurality of other light-transmissive components can be rotated separately. In some embodiments, the plurality of other light-transmissive components can include any of the light-transmissive components described above. In some embodiments, the plurality of other light-transmissive components can be optical components including, for example, polarizing films in various orientations, spectral media with various transmittances, spectral flattening filters, or bandpass filters.

[0064] Next, referring to FIG. 9D, a calibration system 800 having an eye phantom 810 that includes a plurality of slots 890 is shown. In some embodiments, the plurality of slots 890 may be formed along the inner surface of the shell 820 of the eye phantom 810. In some embodiments, each of the plurality of slots 890 may be arranged to have a different distance from the standard reflector 830. In some embodiments, the shell 820 of the eye phantom 810 may include one or more openings to allow user access to the interior of the shell 820. The user can selectively place the intraocular lens 856 in a desired one of the plurality of slots 890 such that the intraocular lens 856 is positioned at a desired distance from the standard reflector 830 to achieve a desired refractive power. In some embodiments, one or more other transparent body components, such as an artificial cornea, may be selectively placed in one of the plurality of slots 890 instead of or in addition to the intraocular lens 856 to selectively adjust the distance of the one or more other transparent body components relative to the standard reflector 830. In some embodiments, for example, if one or more components of the transparent body 850 are coupled to each other, the intraocular lens 856 and the one or more other transparent body components or optical components are integrally arranged in one of the plurality of slots 890.

[0065] Next, referring to FIG. 10, calibration system 900 is shown. Calibration system 900 includes an eye phantom 910 shown in cross-section. Eye phantom 910 may be similar to any of the eye phantoms described with reference to FIGS. 2-9D, except at the points referred to herein. For example, eye phantom 910 can include a standard reflector 930, a light transmissive body 950, and an illumination assembly 970, and illumination assembly 970 can include a light source and a sensor. The light transmissive body 950, the standard reflector 930, and the illumination assembly 970 can be arranged relative to each other as described with respect to any of FIGS. 2-9D. Calibration system 900 can further include a beam splitter 960 or a beam combiner disposed between the illumination assembly 970 and the eye phantom 910 along the optical path of light 940 emitted from the light source of the illumination assembly 970 to the standard reflector 930. Beam splitter 960 has known spectral characteristics and can direct n% of the incident light from the optical path of light 940 as split beam 944 for optical measurement. In some embodiments, beam splitter 960 can direct the light to one or more optical fibers so that the characteristics of split beam 944 can be measured using a commercially available optical power meter. Beam splitter 960 can have known spectral characteristics for the purpose of injecting an external light source, such as an LED, a laser, or any other type of light source, for measurement and calibration purposes.

[0066] Any number of sensors or measurement devices can be used with the beam splitter 960 as needed. In some embodiments, a fiber end holder can be selected based on the needs of a particular user. For example, in some embodiments, a plurality of fiber end holders 970A, 970B, 970C can be used to optically couple one or more optical fibers for input or output of one or more optical sensors or light sources to the split beam 944, whereby one or more optical sensors can measure one or more characteristics of the split beam 944, and the characteristics can be due to the light emitted along the optical path of the light 940 by the illumination assembly 970. In some embodiments, each of the fiber end holders 970A, 970B, 970C can be disposed in a mechanical holder 972, and the mechanical holder 972 can include a fiber splitter. Thereby, the split beam 944 can be measured simultaneously by one or more optical sensors coupled to the fiber end holders 970A, 970B, 970C. Non-limiting examples of measurement devices or sensors optically coupled to the split beam 944 include a spectrophotometer (e.g., high-resolution HR4 Pro) for measuring spectral shape, a power meter (e.g., ILT5000, Thorlabs meter) for measuring absolute or relative total irradiance that can even be used to correct measured values of spectral irradiance, a wavefront sensor (which can be used in spectral optical adaptive scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO)), one or more sensors for measuring the polarization state of light (e.g., a polarization state analyzer (PSA) or a polarimeter), a photodiode for irradiance, and / or a low-cost multispectral sensor (e.g., AMS AS7341) that can be a fixed sensor added to a custom spectral camera mechanism, etc. In some embodiments, the beam splitter 960 and associated optical sensors can be used to measure the spectral irradiance of the light emitted by the illumination assembly 970 before the light enters the eye phantom 910 and is reflected back to the sensors of the illumination assembly 970.For example, beam splitter 960 and associated sensors can be used to determine whether the light emitted by illumination assembly 970 is stable over time.

[0067] The components of the eye phantom described with respect to FIGS. 2-10 can be shaped to particularly mimic a living eye, whether the eye phantom is a single unit or modular. More specifically, the eye phantom and its various sub-components including the standard reflector and the light transmissive body may not be of a single size. For example, one or more components of the above-described eye phantom can be shaped with particular consideration given to, by way of non-limiting example, severe myopia / hyperopia, increase in axial length due to aging / nearsightedness, hyperopia, and / or emmetropia. Thus, the eye phantom can simulate various refractions using a light transmissive body and a standard reflector with a custom curvature. FIG. 11 shows three combinations of standard reflector 1030A and light transmissive body 1050A, standard reflector 1030B and light transmissive body 1050B, and standard reflector 1030C and light transmissive body 1050C, showing variations in curvature in the eye phantom components. In some embodiments, the above-described eye phantom can include a shape memory alloy, a piezoelectric actuator, or other selectively deformable component coupled to the standard reflector, the light transmissive body, or other components of the above-described eye phantom to selectively adjust the curvature of the standard reflector, the light transmissive body, or other components.

[0068] Next, referring to FIG. 12, calibration system 1100 is shown. Calibration system 1100 may be similar to any of the calibration systems described above, except as noted herein. In some embodiments, calibration system 1100 includes an eye phantom 1110 shown in cross-section and an illumination assembly 1170, and illumination assembly 1170 includes a light source 1102 and a sensor 1104. In some embodiments, eye phantom 1110 includes an integrating sphere 1120 that forms the shell of eye phantom 1110. In some embodiments, integrating sphere 1120 can include a curved inner surface 1128. In some embodiments, curved inner surface 1128 can be coated by a curved reference reflector 1130. In some embodiments, reference reflector 1130 can be coated on the rear portion of the curved inner surface 1128 of integrating sphere 1120. In some embodiments, integrating sphere 1120 can include an opening 1140 at the front portion of integrating sphere 1120, thereby enabling light to enter and exit integrating sphere 1120. In some embodiments, a light transmissive body 1150 can be disposed at opening 1140 of integrating sphere 1120. In some embodiments, light transmissive body 1150 can be disposed at opening 1140 of integrating sphere 1120 in the same manner as the above-described attachment between the light transmissive body and the shell of the eye phantom described above. In some embodiments, light transmissive body 1150 can include any or all of the light transmissive body components described above with respect to FIGS. 2-11. In some embodiments, light transmissive body 1150 is disposed between light source 1102 and reference reflector 1130 of illumination assembly 1170 along the optical path of the light emitted from light source 1102 to reference reflector 1130. In some embodiments, light transmissive body 1150 is disposed between sensor 1104 and reference reflector 1130 of illumination assembly 1170 along the optical path of the light reflected from reference reflector 1130 to sensor 1104. In some embodiments, light transmissive body 1150 is disposed in front of reference reflector 1130.

[0069] Referring to FIG. 12 in conjunction with FIG. 13, FIG. 13 shows another embodiment 1110B of the eye phantom of the calibration system 1100. The eye phantom 1110B may be similar to the eye phantom 1110 described with respect to FIG. 12 in all respects except as noted herein. In particular, in some embodiments, the eye phantom 1110B includes a second opening 1142 in the integrating sphere 1120. In some embodiments, the second opening 1142 of the integrating sphere 1120 enables placement of one or more additional optical sensors 1160 having a sensing region (perception region) directed into the integrating sphere 1120 on or along the integrating sphere 1120. The one or more additional optical sensors 1160 can provide feedback regarding the power, intensity, wavelength, polarization, or other characteristics of the light reflected by the standard reflector 1130 coated on the inner surface 1128. By way of example only, the one or more additional optical sensors 1160 can include a power meter or a point spectrometer for measuring the irradiance or spectral irradiance of the light reflected to the sensor 1104. In some embodiments, the one or more additional optical sensors 1160 can be photodiodes or spectrophotometers. In fact, this can enable use of a lower resolution spectral camera as the sensor 1104 while simultaneously using a high spectral resolution point spectrometer as the one or more additional optical sensors 1160. In some embodiments, the one or more additional optical sensors 1160 can provide feedback as to whether the eye phantom 1110B is functioning spectrally as designed or expected. For example, the one or more additional optical sensors 1160 can provide an indication that the interior of the eye phantom 1110B is contaminated or damaged. In some embodiments, when using the controllable light source 1102, the spectral sensitivity of the sensor 1104 can be characterized. For example, when using a non-interferometric polychromatic light source and a monochromator (or a supercontinuum laser having an adjustable acousto-optic filter, an adjustable liquid crystal filter, a filter wheel), the user can scan the wavelength and record the response.In some embodiments, the eye phantom 1110B can include a baffle 1180. The baffle 1180 can block light emitted from the light source 1102 from one or more additional light sensors 1160 to ensure that the one or more additional light sensors 1160 measure light reflected by the standard reflector 1130. In some embodiments, the second opening 1142 can be selectively blocked by a cap coated with the standard reflector 1130. Thus, the one or more additional light sensors 1160 can be selectively used in the calibration system 1100B depending on whether the second opening 1142 is blocked by the cap and thus whether the one or more additional light sensors 1160 are covered and prevented from receiving light. In some embodiments, the second opening 1142 can be coupled to a fiber and a spectrometer. In some embodiments, the baffle 1180 can be coupled to a fiber and a spectrometer or can be used to simulate illumination conditions within the cornea.

[0070] Next, referring to FIG. 14, a schematic calibration system 1200 is shown. The calibration system 1200 can be any of the calibration systems described above. In some embodiments, the calibration system 1200 can take the form and function of any of the lighting assemblies described above, and generally includes a lighting assembly 1202 including a light source and a sensor, and an eye phantom 1204 that can take the form and function of any of the eye phantoms described above. In some embodiments, the calibration system 1200 can include one or more additional sensors 1206, such as one or more additional optical sensors 1160 described with respect to FIG. 13 or one or more optical sensors coupled to the end holders 970A, 970B, 970C described with respect to FIG. 10. In some embodiments, the calibration system 1200 can include one or more mechanical actuators 1208 coupled to one or more components of the eye phantom 1204, such as the track 880 described with respect to FIG. 9A, the rotating wheel 884 described with respect to FIGS. 9B and 9C, or an actuator coupled to the attachment portion 760 described with respect to FIG. 8. In some embodiments, the calibration system 1200 includes an electronic control unit 1210. In some embodiments, the lighting assembly 1202, the eye phantom 1204, the one or more additional sensors 1206, and the one or more mechanical actuators 1208 are communicatively coupled to the electronic control unit 1210 as shown by the dashed lines in FIG. 14, and the electronic control unit 1210 instructs the operation of the lighting assembly 1202, the eye phantom 1204, the one or more additional sensors 1206, and the one or more mechanical actuators 1208. As used herein, the term "communicatively coupled" generally refers to any link (coupling) in a manner that facilitates communication. Thus, "communicatively coupled" includes both currently known and future developed wireless and wired communications.The electronic control unit 1210 is communicatively coupled to the lighting assembly 1202, the eye phantom 1204, one or more additional sensors 1206, or one or more mechanical actuators 1208, so that one or more signals, data, etc. can be transmitted between the electronic control unit 1210 and the lighting assembly 1202, the eye phantom 1204, one or more additional sensors 1206, or one or more mechanical actuators 1208. Thus, the electronic control unit 1210 is generally a device communicatively coupled to one or more components of the calibration system 1200, and in particular, is arranged and configured to transmit, receive, or read signals or data to and from one or more components of the calibration system 1200.

[0071] In some embodiments, the electronic control unit 1210 may be located near other components of the calibration system 1200 or may be located far from (including geographically separated from) other components of the calibration system 1200. For example, in some embodiments, the electronic control unit 1210 including a processor may be implemented in a server or a cloud computing system located at a location geographically separated from other components of the calibration system 1200. In some embodiments, the electronic control unit 1210 may be integrated with a sensor of the lighting assembly 1202, such as within the same housing as the lighting assembly 1202. Additional details regarding the electronic control unit 1210 are described herein with respect to FIGS. 15A and 15B.

[0072] Next, referring to FIGS. 14 and 15A, various internal components of the electronic control unit 1210 are shown. In particular, FIG. 15A shows various system components for collecting spectral calibration reference measurements from an eye phantom and using those reference measurements to calibrate or correct a spectral image of a living eye of a subject of interest. As shown in FIG. 15A, the electronic control unit 1210 can include one or more processing devices 1302, a non-transitory memory component 1304, network interface hardware 1308, device interface hardware 1310, and a data storage component 1306. A local interface 1300, such as a bus, can interconnect the various components.

[0073] One or more processing devices 1302, such as a computer processing unit (CPU), are the central processing units of the electronic control unit 1210 and can perform computational and logical operations to execute programs. The one or more processing devices 1302 can be, alone or in combination with other components, exemplary processing devices, computing devices, processors, or combinations thereof. The one or more processing devices 1302 can include any processing component configured to receive and execute instructions (from, for example, the data storage component 1306 and / or the memory component 1304).

[0074] The memory component 1304 can be configured as a volatile and / or non-volatile computer-readable medium and thus can include random access memory (including SRAM, DRAM, and / or other types of random access memory), read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, registers, compact discs (CDs), digital versatile discs (DVDs), and / or other types of storage components. When executed by the one or more processing devices 1302, the memory component 1304 can include one or more programming instructions that cause the one or more processing devices 1302 to complete various processes.

[0075] Continuing to refer to FIG. 15A, the programming instructions stored in the memory component 1304 may be embodied as a plurality of software logic modules, and each logic module provides programming instructions for completing one or more tasks. FIG. 15B shows various modules of the memory component 1304 of FIG. 15A according to various embodiments.

[0076] As shown in FIG. 15B, the memory component 1304 includes a plurality of logic modules. Each of the logic modules shown in FIG. 15B may be embodied, by way of example, as a computer program, firmware, or hardware. Exemplary examples of the logic modules present in the memory component 1304 include, but are not particularly limited to, data reception logic 1360, data analysis logic 1362, illumination logic 1364, standard reflector arrangement logic 1366, light-transmitting body arrangement logic 1368, calibration logic 1370, and device interface logic 1372.

[0077] Referring to FIGS. 14, 15A, and 15B, in some embodiments, data reception logic 1360 includes one or more programming instructions for receiving data from sensors of lighting assembly 1202. That is, data reception logic 1360 can create a connection between device interface hardware 1310 and a sensor of lighting assembly 1202 (e.g., sensor 204 (FIG. 2)), and the data transmitted by the sensor is received by electronic control unit 1210. Further, the data transmitted by the sensors of lighting assembly 1202 can be stored (e.g., within data storage component 1306). In some embodiments, data reception logic 1360 can further include one or more programming instructions for receiving data from one or more additional sensors 1206. That is, data reception logic 1360 can create a connection between device interface hardware 1310 and one or more additional sensors 1206, and the data transmitted by the one or more additional sensors 1206 is received by electronic control unit 1210. Further, the data transmitted by the one or more additional sensors 1206 can be stored (e.g., within data storage component 1306).

[0078] In some embodiments, data analysis logic 1362 includes one or more programming instructions for analyzing data received from sensors of lighting assembly 1202 or one or more additional sensors 1206. For example, data analysis logic 1362 can include program instructions for analyzing data collected by a sensor of lighting assembly 1202 and generating a reference image of eye phantom 1204 from the collected data. Data analysis logic 1362 can further include program instructions for analyzing data collected by one or more additional sensors 1206 and, for example, determining one or more characteristics or parameters of light emitted from a light source of lighting assembly 1202 or light reflected to a sensor of the lighting assembly based on the collected data.

[0079] Continuing to refer to FIGS. 14, 15A, and 15B, in some embodiments, illumination logic 1364 includes one or more programming instructions for instructing the light source of illumination assembly 1202 to emit light toward eye phantom 1204. Illumination logic 1364 can include one or more programming instructions for controlling the arrangement of the light sources of illumination assembly 1202 and the direction in which light is emitted from the light sources of illumination assembly 1202. Illumination logic 1364 can include one or more programming instructions for controlling one or more parameters of the light sources of illumination assembly 1202 based on data collected, for example, by one or more additional sensors 1206.

[0080] In some embodiments, standard reflector arrangement logic 1366 includes one or more programming instructions for adjusting the shape or position of the standard reflector (e.g., standard reflector 230 shown in FIG. 2) of eye phantom 1204. In some embodiments, standard reflector arrangement logic 1366 can include one or more programming instructions for operating one or more actuators of eye phantom 1204. For example, standard reflector arrangement logic 1366 can include one or more programming instructions for operating actuator 740 (FIG. 8) coupled to standard reflector 730 (FIG. 8) to adjust the arrangement of standard reflector 730 (FIG. 8). In some embodiments, standard reflector arrangement logic 1366 can include one or more programming instructions for operating one or more selectively deformable components, such as shape memory alloys or piezoelectric actuators, coupled to the standard reflector of eye phantom 1204 to selectively adjust the curvature and shape of the standard reflector, as described with respect to FIG. 11. In some embodiments, standard reflector arrangement logic 1366 can include one or more programming instructions for operating one or more mechanical actuators 1208 coupled to eye phantom 1204. For example, in some embodiments, standard reflector arrangement logic 1366 can include one or more programming instructions for operating track 880 (FIG. 9A) to which the standard reflector is coupled, as described with respect to FIG. 9A.

[0081] Continuing to refer to FIGS. 14, 15A, and 15B, in some embodiments, the transparent body placement logic 1368 can include one or more programming instructions for adjusting the position of one or more components of the transparent body of the eye phantom 1204 (e.g., the transparent body 250 shown in FIG. 2). For example, in some embodiments, the transparent body placement logic 1368 can include one or more programming instructions for operating one or more mechanical actuators 1208 coupled to the eye phantom 1204. For example, in some embodiments, the transparent body placement logic 1368 can include one or more programming instructions for operating a track 880 (FIG. 9A) to which one or more components of the transparent body are coupled, as described with respect to FIG. 9A. In some embodiments, the transparent body placement logic 1368 can include one or more programming instructions for operating a rotating wheel 884 (FIGS. 9B and 9C) to which one or more components of the transparent body are coupled, as described with respect to FIGS. 9B and 9C.

[0082] In some embodiments, the calibration logic 1370 can include one or more programming instructions for correcting or adjusting the spectral retinal image of the subject's living eye. In some embodiments, the calibration logic 1370 can include one or more programming instructions for performing one or more mathematical operations to correct or adjust the spectral retinal image of the living eye by a reference image or calibration image generated from the eye phantom 1204. In particular, in some embodiments, the calibration logic 1370 can correct or adjust the spectral retinal image of the living eye by a reference image or calibration image generated from the eye phantom 1204 by dividing the pixel values of the spectral retinal image of the living eye by the pixel values of the reference image or calibration image of the eye phantom 1204, and can include one or more programming instructions for this purpose.

[0083] Continuing to refer to FIGS. 14, 15A, and 15B, in some embodiments, device interface logic 1372 includes one or more programming instructions for establishing communication connections with various devices or components of calibration system 1200. For example, device interface logic 1372 can include programming instructions that can be used to establish connections with lighting assembly 1202, eye phantom 1204, one or more additional sensors 1206, or mechanical actuator 1208 in various embodiments.

[0084] Referring again to FIG. 15A, network interface hardware 1308 can include any wired or wireless networking hardware, such as a modem, LAN port, wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) card, WiMax card, mobile communication hardware, or other hardware for communicating with other networks or devices. For example, network interface hardware 1308 can be used to facilitate communication between an external storage device, a user computing device, a server computing device, an external control device, etc., via a network such as a local network, the Internet, etc.

[0085] Referring to FIGS. 14 and 15A, in some embodiments, the device interface hardware 1310 can communicate information between the local interface 1300 and one or more components of the calibration system 1200. For example, the device interface hardware 1310 can function as an interface between the local interface 1300 and the illumination assembly 1202, the eye phantom 1204, one or more additional sensors 1206, or the mechanical actuator 1208. The device interface hardware 1310 can transmit and receive signals or data between the sensors of the illumination assembly 1202 or between one or more additional sensors 1206. The device interface hardware 1310 can transmit control signals to the light source of the illumination assembly 1202, the sensors of the illumination assembly 1202, the eye phantom 1204, one or more additional sensors 1206, or the mechanical actuator 1208.

[0086] Continuing to refer to FIGS. 14 and 15A, the data storage component 1306, which can generally be a storage medium, can include one or more data repositories for storing received or generated data. The data storage component 1306 can be any physical storage medium, including but not limited to, a hard disk drive (HDD), memory, removable storage, etc. Although the data storage component 1306 is shown as a local device, it should be understood that the data storage component 1306 can be a remote storage device, such as a server computing device, a cloud-based storage device, etc. Exemplary data that can be included in the data storage component 1306 includes, but is not limited to, target data 1322, calibration data 1324, calculation data 1326, machine learning data 1328, and other data 1330.

[0087] Target data 1322 can generally be data used by the electronic control unit 1210 to arrange the eye phantom 1204, the standard reflector of the eye phantom 1204, or the light transmissive body of the eye phantom 1204 as desired. For example, the target data 1322 can include data regarding one or more living eyes, and the data includes the optical power, shape, and arrangement of various parts of the one or more living eyes. In some embodiments, the one or more living eyes can be the living eyes of a target (subject) from which a spectral retinal image is collected. Calibration data 1324 can generally be data used by the electronic control unit 1210 to align the configuration of one or more eye phantoms (for example, the arrangement of the eye phantom 1204, the arrangement of the standard reflector of the eye phantom 1204, and / or the arrangement of the light transmissive body of the eye phantom 1204) with data related to one or more living eyes. The calibration data 1324 can generally include data used by the electronic control unit 1210 to align the spectral image of a specific configuration of the eye phantom with data related to the spectral image of one or more living eyes. For example, the calibration data can include a repository of spectral images of eye phantoms with various configurations, from which a specific spectral image is selected for correction of the spectral image of a living eye of interest, and the configuration of the eye phantom for which the spectral image is selected best mimics the optical system of the living eye that was spectrally imaged. Computation data 1326 can generally be data used by the electronic control unit 1210 to perform one or more mathematical operations to correct or adjust the spectral retinal image of a living eye by a reference image or a calibrated image generated from the eye phantom 1204. Machine learning data 1328 can generally be data generated as a result of one or more machine learning processes used, for example, to improve the alignment of the configuration of the eye phantom with a living eye or the correction of the spectral retinal image of a living eye by a reference image or a calibrated image generated from the eye phantom 1204.The other data 1330 can generally be any other data that can be used for purposes such as the configuration of the eye phantom 1204 and the correction of the spectral image of the living eye as described herein.

[0088] It should be understood that the components shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. More specifically, although the components of FIGS. 15A and 15B are shown as being present within the electronic control unit 1210, this is a non-limiting example. In some embodiments, one or more of the components may be external to the electronic control unit 1210.

[0089] Next, referring to FIG. 16 together with FIG. 14, an exemplary control network 1400 is shown. As shown in FIG. 16, the control network 1400 can include a wide area network (WAN) such as the Internet, a local area network (LAN), a mobile communication network, a public service telephone network (PSTN), a personal area network (PAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), a virtual private network (VPN), or another network. The control network 1400 can generally be configured to electronically connect one or more systems or devices such as, for example, a computing device, a server, an electronic device, a calibration system, or any of the above components. Exemplary systems or devices can include, but are not particularly limited to, a user computing device 1402, a database server 1404, an electronic device 1406, or the electronic control unit 1210 of the calibration system 1200.

[0090] Continuing to refer to FIGS. 14 and 16, user computing device 1402 can generally be used as an interface between a user and other components connected to control network 1400. Thus, user computing device 1402 can be used to perform one or more user-oriented functions, such as receiving one or more inputs from a user and providing information to the user. Accordingly, user computing device 1402 can include at least a display or input hardware. If any of the other devices connected to control network 1400 (e.g., database server 1404, electronic device 1406, or electronic control unit 1210) requires monitoring, updating, or modification, user computing device 1402 can be configured to provide the necessary monitoring, updating, or modification. User computing device 1402 can also be used to input data that can be used to determine, for example, the configuration of a particular eye phantom to be used, the necessary light source power, etc. That is, a user can input information via user computing device 1402 to control various parameters of calibration system 1200.

[0091] Database server 1404 can generally be a repository of data used to adjust the configuration of an eye phantom or a light source, as described herein. That is, database server 1404 can include one or more storage devices for storing data related to information received from illumination assemblies 1202, one or more additional sensors 1206, a biological eye under inspection, any generated calculations, etc. In some embodiments, database server 1404 can include information that mirrors the information stored within data storage component 1306 (FIG. 15A), or can be used as an alternative to data storage component 1306 (FIG. 15A), such as an off-site data repository. Database server 1404 can be made accessible by one or more other devices or systems coupled to control network 1400 and can provide its data as needed.

[0092] The electronic device 1406 can generally be any device that includes hardware operable to be used as an interface between a user and other components of the control network 1400. Thus, the electronic device 1406 can be used to perform one or more user-oriented functions, such as receiving data from one or more external components, displaying information to the user, receiving one or more user inputs, transmitting signals corresponding to one or more user inputs, and the like. For example, the electronic device 1406 can present an alert to the user when it is determined, based on data analyzed from one or more additional sensors 1206, that the eyeball phantom 1204 is contaminated or damaged. FIG. 16 shows the electronic device 1406 as a smartphone, but it should be understood that this is a non-limiting example. That is, the electronic device 1406 can be any mobile phone, tablet computing device, personal computing device (e.g., a personal computer), and the like.

[0093] The user computing device 1402 is shown as a personal computer, the database server 1404 is shown as a server, and the electronic device 1406 is shown as a mobile device, but it should be understood that these are non-limiting examples. In some embodiments, any type of computing device (e.g., a mobile computing device, a personal computer, a server, a cloud-based network of devices, etc.) or a special electronic device can be used for any of these components. Additionally, in FIG. 16 each of these computing devices is shown as a single piece of hardware, but this is also just an example. Each of the user computing device 1402, the database server 1404, and the electronic device 1406 can be a plurality of computers, servers, databases, components, and the like.

[0094] FIG. 16 shows various systems or components communicatively coupled to each other via a control network 1400, which is merely exemplary. In some embodiments, the various components may be communicatively coupled to each other via a direct connection. In some embodiments, the various components may be integrated into a single device.

[0095] One will likely have a general understanding of the various embodiments shown in FIGS. 1-16. Next, the operation of the calibration system described above will be described with reference to an exemplary method 1500 shown in FIG. 17. Reference is also made to the calibration system 200 described with respect to FIGS. 2 and 3. In step 1502 of method 1500, the position of the eye phantom 210 may be adjusted as needed. For example, in an embodiment where an actuator is coupled to the attachment portion 760 (FIG. 8), the actuator may be controlled to move the eye phantom 210 to a desired position relative to the illumination assembly 270 for imaging.

[0096] In step 1504 of method 1500, the position or shape of the standard reflector 230 may be adjusted. In some embodiments where the standard reflector 230 is replaceable, the user may manually insert a standard reflector 230 of a desired shape into the eye phantom 210. In some embodiments where the standard reflector 230 is coupled to an actuator 740 (FIG. 8) within the eye phantom 210, the actuator 740 (FIG. 8) may be controlled to adjust the position of the standard reflector 230 within the eye phantom 210. In some embodiments where the standard reflector 230 is coupled to a track 880 (FIG. 9A), the track 880 (FIG. 9A) may be controlled to adjust the distance between the standard reflector 230 and the crystalline lens 256 or the distance between the standard reflector 230 and one or more other components of the light transmissive body 250. In some embodiments where the eye phantom 210 includes a shape memory alloy, a piezoelectric actuator, or other selectively deformable component coupled to the standard reflector 230, the deformable component may be controlled to selectively adjust the curvature of the standard reflector 230.

[0097] In step 1506 of method 1500, the position or shape of the components of one or more light transmissive bodies 250 can be adjusted. For example, in some embodiments where the components of one or more light transmissive bodies 250 are coupled to a track 880 (FIG. 9A), the track 880 (FIG. 9A) can be controlled so that the distance between the components of one or more light transmissive bodies 250 and the standard reflector 230 is adjusted. In some embodiments where the components of one or more light transmissive bodies 250 are coupled to a rotating wheel 884 (FIG. 9B), the components of the light transmissive body 250 with desired characteristics are arranged between the light source 202 and the standard reflector 230 along the optical path of the light emitted from the light source 202 to the standard reflector 230, or between the standard reflector 230 and the sensor 204 along the optical path of the light reflected from the standard reflector 230 to the sensor 204, so that the rotating wheel 884 (FIG. 9B) can be driven. In some embodiments, the position of the components of one or more light transmissive bodies 250 can be manually adjusted. For example, in some embodiments, the user can selectively arrange the components of one or more light transmissive bodies 250 in one of a plurality of slots 890 (FIG. 9D) of the eye phantom 210. In some embodiments where the eye phantom 210 includes a shape memory alloy, a piezoelectric actuator, or other selectively deformable component coupled to the components of one or more light transmissive bodies 250, the deformable component can be controlled to selectively adjust the curvature of the components of one or more light transmissive bodies 250.

[0098] In step 1508 of method 1500, the light source 202 of the illumination assembly 270 can be instructed (commanded) to illuminate the eye phantom 210, particularly the standard reflector 230 of the eye phantom 210. The light source 202 can be instructed (commanded) to illuminate the standard reflector 230 with light of a desired power, intensity, spectrum, and / or wavelength. The illumination path of the eye phantom 210 can be non-scleral or axial. That is, the use of the eye phantom described above is not limited to coaxial fundus illumination or so-called Maxwell illumination. The eye phantom described above can be used with any type of fundus illumination, such as trans-scleral illumination, trans-pars plana illumination, or trans-cranial illumination, as non-limiting examples.

[0099] In step 1510 of method 1500, data from one or more additional sensors 1206 (FIG. 14) can be analyzed. For example, in some embodiments, data can be collected from one or more additional optical sensors 1160 (FIG. 13) or one or more optical sensors (FIG. 10) coupled to end holders 970A, 970B, 970C. The data collected from one or more additional sensors 1206 (FIG. 14) can be analyzed to determine one or more characteristics or parameters of the light emitted from light source 202 to standard reflector 230. Based on the analysis of this data, one or more parameters of light source 202 can be adjusted so that light of a desired power, intensity, spectrum, and / or wavelength is directed towards standard reflector 230. Based on this adjustment, method 1500 can resume from step 1502, can resume from a different step, or can proceed to step 1512.

[0100] In step 1512 of method 1500, a spectral image of standard reflector 230 can be generated. In some embodiments, sensor 204 of illumination assembly 270 collects the light reflected by standard reflector 230. Sensor 204 can be configured to generate a spectral image of standard reflector 230 based on the light reflected by standard reflector 230 to sensor 204. The spectral image of standard reflector 230 can be a reference image for correcting the spectral image of the living eye globe.

[0101] In step 1514 of method 1500, a spectral image of the retina or fundus of a biological eye of interest can be corrected using the spectral image of the standard reflector 230. In particular, in some embodiments, the spectral image of the retina of the biological eye can be divided by the spectral image of the standard reflector 230 to correct or remove artifacts in the spectral image of the retina of the biological eye. The corrected spectral image of the retina of the biological eye can then be analyzed more accurately for disease diagnosis. In some embodiments, one or both of the spectral image of the retina or the spectral image of the standard reflector 230 can be corrected by one or more other images before correcting the spectral image of the retina by the spectral image of the standard reflector 230. The one or more other images can be, for example, a dark image, a background image, a back reflection image, or a stray light image. These one or more other images can be related to the optical system of the eye phantom or residual artifacts, aberrations, or misalignments.

[0102] It should be understood that in some embodiments, the eye phantom 210 can be configured to mimic a particular living eye of interest that is known. For example, the user can first analyze the living eye of interest to be examined to determine the physiological functions and structures of the living eye, including the shape and position of the retina of the living eye, and the shape, position, or optical properties (e.g., refractive power) of the dioptric media of the living eye. Based on this analysis, by performing steps 1504 and 1506 of method 1500, the eye phantom 210 can be arranged to best mimic the living eye to be examined. In other embodiments, a database of reference images of the eye phantom can be generated. For example, steps 1504-1512 of method 1500 can be performed for a plurality of different arrangements of the eye phantom 210. The respective reference images of the plurality of different eye phantoms 210 can be stored in a database associated with the structure of the particular eye phantom that generated each of the plurality of reference images. Next, the user can select a living eye of interest and examine and determine its physiological functions, structures, and optical properties. Based on the determined physiological functions, structures, and optical properties of the living eye, the database can be analyzed to identify the characteristics of the imaged eye phantom 210 that best mimic the characteristics of the living eye. Next, the collected reference image of the eye phantom 210 that best mimics the living eye of interest can be selected in the database and used to correct the spectral image of the living eye in step 1514 of method 1500.

[0103] It should be understood that the various steps 1502-1514 of method 1500 can be performed in any desired order other than the order shown in FIG. 17. For example, in some embodiments, the position of one or more components of the light transmissive body 250 can be adjusted before adjusting the position and / or shape of the standard reflector 230. Further, in some embodiments, before the position or shape of one or more components of the light transmissive body 250 or the standard reflector 230 is adjusted, the light source 202 can be instructed to illuminate the eye phantom 210 and the light source 202 can be adjusted according to data from one or more additional sensors 1206 (FIG. 14). It should also be understood that one or more of the steps 1502-1514 of method 1500 can be performed substantially simultaneously. For example, in some embodiments, the position of one or more components of the light transmissive body 250 and the position or shape of the standard reflector 230 can be adjusted substantially simultaneously.

[0104] The eye phantom described above includes a curved standard reflector and a light transmissive body that mimics the optical system of a living eye of interest and has been shown to accurately correct or calibrate the spectral image of the living eye of interest.

[0105] Advantages of an Eye Phantom that Mimics the Optical Power of a Living Eye Referring to FIG. 18, a spectral curve is presented. Panels 1602 and 1604 present the spectral curves of 50 single pixels in row 25 on a 50×50 pixel matrix sensor. Panels 1606 and 1608 present the spectral curves of 50 single pixels in column 25 on a 50×50 pixel matrix sensor. Panels 1602 and 1606 represent the spectra of foveal images from human hyperopic eyes normalized using a myopic eye phantom (phantom 25). Panels 1604 and 1608 represent the spectra of foveal images from human hyperopic eyes normalized using an emmetropic eye phantom (phantom 30). Thus, as detailed above, the exact same foveal image is divided by the images of two eye phantoms with different total refractive powers. The horizontal axes of Panels 1602 - 1608 represent the number of spectral channels associated with the exact wavelength range of light. The vertical axes of Panels 1602 - 1608 represent the values of the normalized reflectance of the retina.

[0106] Referring to FIG. 19, enlarged images of Panel 1602 and Panel 1604 are shown. As can be seen from the figure, the spectral curve of the phantom 25 normalized image (myopic eye phantom) shows a significant dependence on the pixels selected across the row. The phantom 30 normalized image (emmetropic eye phantom) shows a smoother response and consistency between different pixels, as expected by the reference. Thus, in the emmetropic eye phantom, the spectral dependence associated with the selected pixels on the sensor is less (or zero). This means that the refractive power (distance from the lens to the retina, lens power, diopter, etc.) plays a role in the normalization by the reference, and for proper normalization, it is necessary to use an eye phantom that mimics or closely approximates the refractive power and accommodation of the living eye being examined.

[0107] Advantages of the Curved Standard Reflector Some optical designs of retinal imaging devices are based on the premise that the surface of the object to be imaged is curved. Therefore, when the surface of a flat white standard reflector is imaged, this premise is "contradicted", and sub-optimal imaging and spectral calibration are obtained. Some of the eye phantoms described herein that include a curved standard reflector can correct for the luminance, spectral, and spatial aberrations resulting from the use of a flat white standard reflector surface.

[0108] In some illumination schemes for fundus imaging using a flat white standard reflector, it is possible to recognize a non-uniform illumination pattern, or even worse, a "donut", on the white standard reflector. The "donut" pattern is a luminance artifact generated by the illumination distribution of a light source on a flat surface such as a flat standard reflector. In a fundus image, since it is designed to uniformly wet the curved surface, the illumination distribution is more uniform and does not show abrupt discontinuities. In fact, when a fundus image obtained by uniform illumination is divided by an image of this flat white standard reflector having different illumination patterns, artifacts are introduced into the obtained spectral reflectance image. The eye phantoms described herein having a curved standard reflector are designed such that the curvature (bending) is as close as possible to the curvature (bending) of the actual retina and the illumination is as diffused as possible on the curved standard reflector, so that the influence of this artifact can be eliminated or reduced. Furthermore, the curved standard reflector is closer to the optical design specifications and generates less optical aberration, distortion, and artifacts than a flat reference standard.

[0109] The acquired hyperspectral data cube can be oriented by a three-axis system of x, y, and z coordinates. The x and y coordinates represent spatial positions, and the z coordinate identifies the spectral channel. The data is presented as a slice with one of the three coordinates fixed, and the resulting rectangle can be plotted (displayed) as an image.

[0110] Referring to FIG. 20, two sets of a series of panels are shown. The series of panels 1702 on the left shows a cross-section of a retinal hyperspectral data cube normalized by a flat white standard reflector. The series of panels 1704 on the right shows a cross-section of a retinal hyperspectral data cube normalized by an eye phantom including a curved standard reflector. For each series of panels, the presented graphs are, from left to right, an x,y spatial cross-section acquired at spectral channel 80, a y,z spectral cross-section at row (y) 25, and an x,z cross-section at column (x) 25. Arrow 1706 indicates the region where most of the optical aberration of the flat white standard reflector distorts the spectral curve of the resulting retinal reflectance. In these cross-sections, the x and y coordinates are pixel positions on the sensor, and the z coordinate is the spectral channel.

[0111] Referring to FIG. 21, two sets of a series of panels 1802 and 1804 are shown. The series of panels 1802 on the left shows the spectral curves of a retinal hyperspectral data cube normalized by a flat white standard reflector. The series of panels 1804 on the right shows the spectral curves of a retinal hyperspectral data cube normalized by an eye phantom including a curved standard reflector. For each series of panels, the upper panels (i.e., panels 1806 and 1808) show the spectral curves of 50 single pixels at row 25 on a 50×50 pixel matrix sensor, and the lower panels (i.e., panels 1810 and 1812) show the spectral curves of 50 single pixels at column 25 on a 50×50 pixel matrix sensor. Arrow 1814 indicates the region where most of the optical aberration of the flat white standard reflector distorts the spectral curve of the resulting retinal reflectance. In these plots, the x and y coordinates are pixel positions on the sensor, and the z coordinate is the spectral channel.

[0112] As can be seen from FIGS. 20 and 21, the normalization of a flat white standard reflector results in a non-smooth and inconsistent spectral curve, introducing several artifacts that are dependent on the spectrum and space into the reflectance curve. These inconsistencies are caused by two effects. First, the flat white standard reflector target may be placed very close to the imaging system to cover the entire FOV (field of view), which means that very high refractive corrections must be made to focus, thus deviating significantly from the nominal operating conditions of orthoscopic vision. This means that, except for the very rare case where the biological eyeball to be inspected is extremely myopic, the refractive correction by the flat standard reflector is at its worst. The second effect is related to the uncompensated optical aberration and the curvature of the retina (field curvature). The spectral curve for a flat white standard reflector is more dispersed in both the reflectance value and the spectral channel. In fact, a clear shift can be recognized across the entire spectral range in the FOV (the blue pixels (lower pixels) are shifted to the left compared to the red pixels). Such a shift is greater in the case of the normalized retinal image of the flat white standard reflector, dispersing the curve more. The spectral curve of the eye phantom including the curved standard reflector is much more compact, as expected from the reference eye model, and is less affected by these differences in spectral information.

[0113] To reiterate, it can be concluded that the eye phantom, which mimics the biological eye in all its components including the curved standard reflector, has improved data quality compared to the retinal image correction by the flat white reference standard.

[0114] Non-limiting embodiments of the present disclosure are described in the following clauses.

[0115] 1. An eye phantom comprising a curved standard reflector having a light-receiving surface configured to be illuminated by light, and one or more light-transmitting body components arranged so that the light passes through before illuminating the light-receiving surface of the curved standard reflector, wherein the curved standard reflector mimics the optical characteristics of the retina of a living eye, and the one or more light-transmitting body components mimic the optical characteristics of a living eye.

[0116] 2. The eye phantom according to the preceding clause, wherein the curved standard reflector is made of a material having a known reflectance.

[0117] 3. The eye phantom according to any of the preceding clauses, further comprising a shell, wherein the shell at least partially defines the internal volume of the eye phantom.

[0118] 4. The eye phantom according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the curved standard reflector and the shell at least partially define the internal volume of the eye phantom.

[0119] 5. The eye phantom according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the curved standard reflector is fixed to the inner surface of the shell.

[0120] 6. The eye phantom according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the shell includes one or more receiving portions configured to removably fit with the curved standard reflector to hold the curved standard reflector within the shell.

[0121] 7. The eye phantom according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the curved standard reflector is coated on the inner surface of the shell.

[0122] 8. The eye phantom according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the shell includes a plurality of slots, each of the plurality of slots is arranged at a different distance from the curved standard reflector, and each of the plurality of slots is configured to receive at least one of the one or more light-transmitting body components.

[0123] 9. The shell of the eye phantom according to any one of the preceding clauses is composed of an integrating sphere.

[0124] 10. The curved standard reflector of the eye phantom according to any one of the preceding clauses is coated on the inner surface of the integrating sphere.

[0125] 11. At least one of the one or more light-transmitting component elements and the shell of the eye phantom according to any one of the preceding clauses at least partially define the internal volume of the eye phantom.

[0126] 12. At least one of the one or more light-transmitting component elements of the eye phantom according to any one of the preceding clauses is fixed to the inner surface of the shell.

[0127] 13. At least one of the one or more light-transmitting component elements of the eye phantom according to any one of the preceding clauses is fixed to the outer surface of the shell.

[0128] 14. The one or more light-transmitting component elements of the eye phantom according to any one of the preceding clauses include an artificial sclera.

[0129] 15. The artificial sclera at least partially defines the shell of the eye phantom, and the shell at least partially defines the internal volume of the eye phantom of the eye phantom according to any one of the preceding clauses.

[0130] 16. The artificial sclera of the eye phantom according to any one of the preceding clauses is composed of at least one of polycaprolactone (PCL), glass, or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).

[0131] 17. The artificial sclera of the eye phantom according to any one of the preceding clauses is configured to mimic the optical properties of the biological sclera of a living eye.

[0132] 18. The one or more light-transmissive components include an artificial cornea, and the eye phantom according to any of the preceding clauses includes an artificial cornea.

[0133] 19. The artificial cornea of the eye phantom according to any of the preceding clauses is composed of at least one of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), glass, or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).

[0134] 20. The artificial cornea of the eye phantom according to any of the preceding clauses is configured to mimic the optical properties of the biological cornea of a living eye.

[0135] 21. The one or more light-transmissive components include an artificial iris, and the eye phantom according to any of the preceding clauses includes an artificial iris.

[0136] 22. The artificial iris of the eye phantom according to any of the preceding clauses includes a fluid system based on a material mixture driven by electro-wetting.

[0137] 23. The artificial iris of the eye phantom according to any of the preceding clauses includes an adjustable aperture.

[0138] 24. The artificial iris of the eye phantom according to any of the preceding clauses is configured to mimic the optical properties of the biological iris of a living eye.

[0139] 25. The one or more light-transmissive components include an artificial lens, and the eye phantom according to any of the preceding clauses includes an artificial lens.

[0140] 26. The artificial lens of the eye phantom according to any of the preceding clauses is composed of at least one of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), glass, or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).

[0141] 27. The intraocular lens includes at least one of a plano-concave lens, a plano-convex lens, a meniscus lens, a biconvex lens, or a biconcave lens, and is the eye phantom according to any one of the preceding clauses.

[0142] 28. The intraocular lens is configured to mimic the optical characteristics of the natural lens of a living eye, and is the eye phantom according to any one of the preceding clauses.

[0143] 29. Further includes a shell, the shell at least partially defines the internal volume of the eye phantom, the curved standard reflector, the shell, and the intraocular lens at least partially define a cavity therebetween, the one or more light-transmitting components include artificial vitreous humor, and the artificial vitreous humor is disposed within the cavity, and is the eye phantom according to any one of the preceding clauses.

[0144] 30. The artificial vitreous humor is configured to mimic the optical characteristics of the natural vitreous humor of a living eye, and is the eye phantom according to any one of the preceding clauses.

[0145] 31. The one or more light-transmitting components include an intraocular lens and an artificial cornea, and the artificial cornea is disposed in front of the intraocular lens, and is the eye phantom according to any one of the preceding clauses.

[0146] 32. The one or more light-transmitting components include an artificial iris, the artificial iris is disposed in front of the intraocular lens, and the artificial iris is disposed behind the artificial cornea, and is the eye phantom according to any one of the preceding clauses.

[0147] 33. The one or more light-transmitting components include artificial aqueous humor, the intraocular lens, the artificial cornea, and the artificial iris at least partially define a cavity therebetween, and the artificial aqueous humor is disposed within the cavity, and is the eye phantom according to any one of the preceding clauses.

[0148] 34. The artificial aqueous humor is configured to mimic the optical properties of the aqueous humor of a living eyeball, and the eyeball phantom according to any one of the preceding clauses.

[0149] 35. The eyeball phantom according to any one of the preceding clauses, further comprising a spectral filter.

[0150] 36. The eyeball phantom according to any one of the preceding clauses, further comprising a front surface, wherein the spectral filter is disposed on the front surface of the eyeball phantom.

[0151] 37. The eyeball phantom according to any one of the preceding clauses, further comprising a housing, wherein at least one of the curved standard reflector and the one or more light-transmitting components is housed in the housing.

[0152] 38. The housing includes a curved cutout portion, and at least one of the curved standard reflector and the one or more light-transmitting components is disposed within the curved cutout portion, and the eyeball phantom according to any one of the preceding clauses.

[0153] 39. The curved standard reflector is disposed to contact the surface of the curved cutout portion, and at least one of the one or more light-transmitting components is disposed to contact the front surface of the curved standard reflector, and the eyeball phantom according to any one of the preceding clauses.

[0154] 40. The eyeball phantom according to any one of the preceding clauses, further comprising an actuator, wherein the actuator is disposed within the housing and is configured to be coupled to the curved standard reflector to move the curved standard reflector.

[0155] 41. Further comprising an actuator, at least one of the one or more light-transmitting components is coupled to the curved reference reflector, and the actuator is configured to move the curved reference reflector and at least one of the one or more light-transmitting components coupled to the curved reference reflector. The eye phantom according to any one of the preceding clauses.

[0156] 42. The housing includes a mounting portion, and the mounting portion is configured to mount the housing to a device configured to move the housing. The eye phantom according to any one of the preceding clauses.

[0157] 43. The mounting portion is a cavity on the outer surface of the housing. The eye phantom according to any one of the preceding clauses.

[0158] 44. The mounting portion is a protrusion extending from the outer surface of the housing. The eye phantom according to any one of the preceding clauses.

[0159] 45. The curved reference reflector is replaceable with another curved reference reflector. The eye phantom according to any one of the preceding clauses.

[0160] 46. The one or more light-transmitting components are replaceable with one or more other light-transmitting components. The eye phantom according to any one of the preceding clauses.

[0161] 47. At least one of the one or more light-transmitting components is coupled to a movable track, and the movable track is configured to adjust the distance between at least one of the one or more light-transmitting components and the curved reference reflector. The eye phantom according to any one of the preceding clauses.

[0162] 48. The curved standard reflector is coupled to a movable track, and the movable track is configured to adjust the distance between the one or more light-transmissive components and the curved standard reflector, the eye phantom according to any of the preceding clauses.

[0163] 49. At least one of the one or more light-transmissive components is coupled to a rotating wheel, and the rotating wheel is configured to selectively position at least one of the one or more light-transmissive components in front of the curved standard reflector, the eye phantom according to any of the preceding clauses.

[0164] 50. Further comprising a selectively deformable component, the selectively deformable component being coupled to at least one of at least one of the curved standard reflector or the one or more light-transmissive components, the selectively deformable component being configured to adjust the curvature of the curved standard reflector or the curvature of at least one of the one or more light-transmissive components, the eye phantom according to any of the preceding clauses.

[0165] 51. The optical properties of the biological eye include at least one of refractive power or transmittance, the eye phantom according to any of the preceding clauses.

[0166] 52. The optical properties of the retina include curvature, the eye phantom according to any of the preceding clauses.

[0167] 53. A system including a curved standard reflector having a light-receiving surface configured to be illuminated by light, and one or more light-transmissive components arranged such that the light passes through the light-receiving surface of the curved standard reflector before illuminating it, an eye phantom in which the curved standard reflector mimics the optical properties of the retina of a biological eye and the one or more light-transmissive components mimic the optical properties of a biological eye, a light source configured to emit light to the curved standard reflector, and a sensor configured to detect the light reflected by the curved standard reflector

[0168] 54. The system according to the preceding clause, wherein the one or more light-transmitting components are arranged between the light source and the curved standard reflector along the optical path of the light emitted from the light source to the curved standard reflector.

[0169] 55. The system according to any one of the preceding clauses, wherein the one or more light-transmitting components are arranged between the curved standard reflector and the sensor along the optical path of the light reflected from the curved standard reflector to the sensor.

[0170] 56. The system according to any one of the preceding clauses, wherein the one or more light-transmitting components are arranged between the light source and the curved standard reflector along the optical path of the light emitted from the light source to the curved standard reflector, and are arranged between the curved standard reflector and the sensor along the optical path of the light reflected from the curved standard reflector to the sensor.

[0171] 57. The system according to any one of the preceding clauses, wherein the one or more light-transmitting components include an artificial sclera configured to mimic the optical properties of the sclera of a living eye.

[0172] 58. The system according to any one of the preceding clauses, wherein the one or more light-transmitting components include an artificial cornea configured to mimic the optical properties of the cornea of a living eye.

[0173] 59. The system according to any one of the preceding clauses, wherein the one or more light-transmitting components include an artificial iris configured to mimic the optical properties of the iris of a living eye.

[0174] 60. The system according to any one of the preceding clauses, wherein the one or more light-transmitting components include an artificial lens configured to mimic the optical properties of the lens of a living eye.

[0175] 61. The system according to any one of the preceding clauses, wherein the one or more light-transmitting components include an artificial vitreous humor configured to mimic the optical properties of the vitreous humor of a living eye.

[0176] 62. The system according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the one or more light-transmitting components include artificial aqueous humor configured to mimic the optical properties of the aqueous humor of a living eyeball.

[0177] 63. The system according to any of the preceding clauses, further comprising a spectral filter, wherein the spectral filter is disposed between the light source and the curved standard reflector along the optical path of the light emitted from the light source to the curved standard reflector.

[0178] 64. The system according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the spectral filter is disposed between the light source and the one or more light-transmitting components along the optical path of the light emitted from the light source to the curved standard reflector.

[0179] 65. The system according to any of the preceding clauses, further comprising a spectral filter, wherein the spectral filter is disposed between the curved standard reflector and the sensor along the optical path of the light reflected from the curved standard reflector to the sensor.

[0180] 66. The system according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the spectral filter is disposed between the one or more light-transmitting components and the sensor along the optical path of the light reflected from the curved standard reflector to the sensor.

[0181] 67. The system according to any of the preceding clauses, further comprising a spectral filter, wherein the spectral filter is disposed between the light source and the curved standard reflector along the optical path of the light emitted from the light source to the curved standard reflector, and is disposed between the curved standard reflector and the sensor along the optical path of the light reflected from the curved standard reflector to the sensor.

[0182] 68. The system according to any of the preceding clauses, further comprising a device including an actuator, wherein the eye phantom further includes a housing, at least one of the curved standard reflector and the one or more light-transmitting components is housed in the housing, the housing includes an attachment portion configured to couple the housing to the device, and the actuator is configured to adjust the position of the eye phantom.

[0183] 69. The system according to any of the preceding clauses, further comprising a movable track, wherein at least one of the one or more light-transmitting components is coupled to the movable track, and the movable track is configured to move at least one of the one or more light-transmitting components to adjust the distance between at least one of the one or more light-transmitting components and the curved standard reflector.

[0184] 70. The system according to any of the preceding clauses, further comprising a movable track, wherein the curved standard reflector is coupled to the movable track, and the movable track is configured to move the curved standard reflector to adjust the distance between the one or more light-transmitting components and the curved standard reflector.

[0185] 71. The system according to any of the preceding clauses, further comprising a rotating wheel, wherein at least one of the one or more light-transmitting components is coupled to the rotating wheel, and the rotating wheel is configured to selectively arrange at least one of the one or more light-transmitting components at least at one position between the light source and the curved standard reflector along the optical path of the light emitted from the light source to the curved standard reflector, or at least at one position between the curved standard reflector and the sensor along the optical path of the light reflected from the curved standard reflector to the sensor.

[0186] 72. The system according to any one of the preceding clauses, further comprising a beam splitter, wherein the beam splitter is disposed between the light source and the eye phantom along the optical path of the light emitted from the light source to the curved reference reflector, and the beam splitter is configured to change (redirect) the output destination of a part of the emitted light entering along the optical path as a split beam.

[0187] 73. The system according to any one of the preceding clauses, further comprising one or more fiber end holders and one or more optical sensors, wherein each of the one or more fiber end holders is configured to couple the optical fiber of an individual optical sensor among the one or more optical sensors to the split beam.

[0188] 74. The system according to any one of the preceding clauses, wherein the eye phantom further comprises an integrating sphere that at least partially defines the internal volume of the eye phantom, and the curved reference reflector is disposed inside the integrating sphere.

[0189] 75. The system according to any one of the preceding clauses, further comprising a second sensor, wherein the integrating sphere includes a first opening that allows the light emitted from the light source to the curved reference reflector to enter the integrating sphere and allows the light reflected by the curved reference reflector to the sensor to exit the integrating sphere, and a second opening, and the second sensor has a sensing area directed into the integrating sphere through the second opening and is configured to measure the characteristics of the light reflected by the curved reference reflector.

[0190] 76. The system according to any one of the preceding clauses, wherein the integrating sphere includes a baffle inside, and the baffle is configured to block the second sensor from the light emitted from the light source.

[0191] 77. Imaging an eye phantom using a light source of an illumination assembly to generate a reference image, wherein the eye phantom includes a curved standard reflector having a light-receiving surface configured to be illuminated by light, and one or more light-transmitting components disposed between the curved standard reflector and the illumination assembly, the curved standard reflector mimics the optical characteristics of the retina of a living eye, and the one or more light-transmitting components mimic the optical characteristics of a living eye, generating the reference image, imaging a living eye using the light source of the illumination assembly to generate a spectral image of the living eye, and adjusting the spectral image of the living eye based at least in part on the reference image.

[0192] 78. The method according to the preceding clause, further comprising moving the eye phantom relative to the illumination assembly before imaging the eye phantom.

[0193] 79. Moving the eye phantom includes moving the eye phantom via one or more actuators coupled to the eye phantom, according to any of the preceding clauses.

[0194] 80. The method according to any of the preceding clauses, further comprising adjusting the position of the curved standard reflector within the eye phantom before imaging the eye phantom.

[0195] 81. Adjusting the position of the curved standard reflector includes adjusting the position of the curved standard reflector via one or more actuators coupled to the curved standard reflector, according to any of the preceding clauses.

[0196] 82. The one or more actuators include a movable track, according to any of the preceding clauses.

[0197] 83. Adjusting the position of the curved standard reflector includes changing the position of the curved standard reflector relative to the one or more light-transmitting components to mimic the optical properties of a living eyeball, according to any of the preceding clauses.

[0198] 84. The method according to any of the preceding clauses, further comprising adjusting the curvature of the curved standard reflector within the eyeball phantom before imaging the eyeball phantom.

[0199] 85. Adjusting the curvature of the curved standard reflector includes adjusting the curvature of the curved standard reflector via a selectively deformable component coupled to the curved standard reflector, according to any of the preceding clauses.

[0200] 86. The curvature of the curved standard reflector is adjusted to mimic the curvature of the retina of a living eyeball, according to any of the preceding clauses.

[0201] 87. The method according to any of the preceding clauses, further comprising replacing a first curved standard reflector with a second curved standard reflector before imaging the eyeball phantom, wherein the second curved standard reflector mimics the optical properties of the retina of a living eyeball.

[0202] 88. The first curved standard reflector and the second curved standard reflector are detachable from the eyeball phantom, according to any of the preceding clauses.

[0203] 89. The method according to any of the preceding clauses, further comprising adjusting the position of at least one of the one or more light-transmitting components before imaging the eyeball phantom.

[0204] 90. Adjusting the position of at least one of the one or more light-transmitting components includes adjusting the position of at least one of the one or more light-transmitting components via one or more actuators coupled to at least one of the one or more light-transmitting components, according to any of the preceding clauses.

[0205] 91. The one or more actuators are the methods described in any of the preceding clauses, including a movable track.

[0206] 92. Adjusting the position of at least one of the one or more light-transmitting components includes selectively disposing at least one of the one or more light-transmitting components in one of the plurality of slots of the eye phantom, which is the method described in any of the preceding clauses.

[0207] 93. Adjusting the position of at least one of the one or more light-transmitting components includes changing the position of at least one of the one or more light-transmitting components relative to the curved standard reflector to mimic the optical characteristics of a living eye, which is the method described in any of the preceding clauses.

[0208] 94. Further including replacing a first light-transmitting component with a second light-transmitting component before imaging the eye phantom, where the second light-transmitting component mimics the optical characteristics of a living eye, which is the method described in any of the preceding clauses.

[0209] 95. The first light-transmitting component and the second light-transmitting component are detachable from the eye phantom, which is the method described in any of the preceding clauses.

[0210] 96. The first light-transmitting component and the second light-transmitting component are coupled to a rotating wheel, and replacing the first light-transmitting component with the second light-transmitting component includes rotating the rotating wheel to dispose the second light-transmitting component between the curved standard reflector and the illumination assembly, which is the method described in any of the preceding clauses.

[0211] 97. Further including adjusting the curvature of at least one of the one or more light-transmitting components before imaging the eye phantom, which is the method described in any of the preceding clauses.

[0212] 98. Adjusting the curvature of at least one of the one or more light-transmitting components includes adjusting the curvature of at least one of the one or more light-transmitting components via a selectively deformable component coupled to the curved reference reflector, according to any of the preceding clauses.

[0213] 99. The curvature of at least one of the one or more light-transmitting components is adjusted to mimic the curvature of a component of a living eye, according to any of clauses 97 preceding.

[0214] 100. Imaging the eye phantom using the light source of the illumination assembly includes measuring one or more characteristics of the light emitted from the light source to the curved reference reflector and adjusting one or more parameters of the light source based on the one or more characteristics, according to any of the preceding clauses.

[0215] 101. The one or more characteristics are measured by one or more light sensors, according to any of the preceding clauses.

[0216] 102. Imaging the eye phantom using the light source of the illumination assembly to generate a reference image includes directing light from the light source towards the curved reference reflector and collecting the light reflected by the curved reference reflector by a sensor, according to any of the preceding clauses.

[0217] 103. The reference image is a spectral image of the curved reference reflector, according to any of the preceding clauses.

[0218] 104. Adjusting the spectral image of the living eye based at least in part on the reference image includes dividing the spectral image of the living eye by the reference image, according to any of the preceding clauses.

[0219] 105. An illumination assembly including an eye phantom, a light source configured to direct light toward the eye phantom, and a sensor configured to detect light reflected by the eye phantom, and a system including a processor programmed to communicate with the illumination assembly and correct a spectral retinal image by a spectral calibration image of the eye phantom.

[0220] 106. The system according to the preceding clause, further including an actuator coupled to the eye phantom, the processor communicating with the actuator, and the processor being programmed to drive the actuator to move the eye phantom relative to the illumination assembly.

[0221] 107. The system according to any of the preceding clauses, further including an actuator, the eye phantom including a curved standard reflector and one or more light-transmissive component elements disposed between the curved standard reflector and the illumination assembly, the actuator being coupled to the curved standard reflector, the processor communicating with the actuator, and the processor being programmed to drive the actuator to move the curved standard reflector relative to the one or more light-transmissive component elements.

[0222] 108. The system according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the actuator is a movable track.

[0223] 109. The system according to any of the preceding clauses, further including a selectively deformable component, the eye phantom including a curved standard reflector, the selectively deformable component being coupled to the curved standard reflector, the processor communicating with the selectively deformable component, and the processor being programmed to deform the selectively deformable component to adjust the curvature of the curved standard reflector.

[0224] 110. The system according to any one of the preceding clauses, further comprising an actuator, wherein the eye phantom includes a curved standard reflector and one or more light-transmissive components disposed between the curved standard reflector and the illumination assembly, the actuator is coupled to at least one of the one or more light-transmissive components, the processor communicates with the actuator, and the processor is programmed to drive the actuator to move the one or more light-transmissive components relative to the curved standard reflector.

[0225] 111. The system according to any one of the preceding clauses, wherein the actuator is a movable track.

[0226] 112. The system according to any one of the preceding clauses, further comprising a rotating wheel, wherein the eye phantom includes a curved standard reflector, a first light-transmissive component, and a second light-transmissive component, the first light-transmissive component and the second light-transmissive component are coupled to the rotating wheel, the processor communicates with the rotating wheel, and the processor is programmed to rotate the rotating wheel to position one of the first light-transmissive component or the second light-transmissive component between the curved standard reflector and the illumination assembly.

[0227] 113. The system according to any one of the preceding clauses, further comprising a selectively deformable component, wherein the eye phantom includes one or more light-transmissive components, the selectively deformable component is coupled to at least one of the one or more light-transmissive components, the processor communicates with the selectively deformable component, and the processor is programmed to deform the selectively deformable component to adjust the curvature of at least one of the one or more light-transmissive components.

[0228] 114. The system according to any of the preceding clauses, further comprising an additional optical sensor, wherein the processor communicates with the additional optical sensor, the additional optical sensor is configured to detect one or more characteristics of light directed from a light source towards the eye phantom, and the processor is programmed to adjust one or more parameters of the light source based on the one or more characteristics.

[0229] 115. The system according to any of the preceding clauses, further comprising a beam splitter, wherein the beam splitter is disposed between the illumination assembly and the eye phantom, the beam splitter is configured to change the output destination of a part of the incoming emitted light as a split beam, and the additional optical sensor is configured to detect one or more characteristics of the split beam.

[0230] 116. The system according to any of the preceding clauses, further comprising an additional optical sensor, wherein the processor communicates with the additional optical sensor, the additional optical sensor is configured to detect one or more characteristics of light reflected by the eye phantom, and the processor is programmed to determine the function of the eye phantom based on the one or more characteristics.

[0231] 117. The system according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein correcting the spectral retinal image by the spectral calibration image of the eye phantom includes dividing the spectral retinal image by the spectral calibration image of the eye phantom.

[0232] 118. The system according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the processor is programmed to adjust one or more components of the eye phantom such that the eye phantom approximates the optical characteristics of a living eye characterized in the spectral retinal image.

[0233] 119. The processor is programmed to access a database of spectral calibration images of a plurality of eye phantoms, each spectral calibration image being associated with an eye phantom having the unique optical characteristics for which the spectral image was generated, to identify a first spectral calibration image, the first spectral calibration image being associated with a first eye phantom that mimics the optical characteristics of the living eye from which the spectral retinal image was generated, and to correct the spectral retinal image by the first spectral calibration image of the first eye phantom, in the system according to any of the preceding clauses.

[0234] 120. An apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one storage medium storing encoded executable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to implement a method, the method including adjusting a hyperspectral image of a living eye based at least in part on a reference image captured using an eye phantom, the eye phantom including a curved standard reflector having a light-receiving surface configured to be illuminated by light, and one or more light-transmitting components arranged to pass the light before it illuminates the light-receiving surface of the curved standard reflector.

[0235] 121. A method of using an eye phantom, including imaging the eye phantom using a light source of an illumination assembly to generate a reference image, the reference image being configured to be used to calibrate an imaging system, the eye phantom including a curved standard reflector having a light-receiving surface configured to be illuminated by light, and one or more light-transmitting components arranged between the curved standard reflector and the illumination assembly, the curved standard reflector mimicking the optical characteristics of the retina of a living eye and the one or more light-transmitting components mimicking the optical characteristics of a living eye.

[0236] 122. The method according to the preceding clause, further comprising moving the eye phantom relative to the illumination assembly before imaging the eye phantom.

[0237] 123. The method according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein moving the eye phantom includes moving the eye phantom via one or more actuators coupled to the eye phantom.

[0238] 124. The method according to any of the preceding clauses, further comprising adjusting the position of the curved reference reflector within the eye phantom before imaging the eye phantom.

[0239] 125. The method according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein adjusting the position of the curved reference reflector includes adjusting the position of the curved reference reflector via one or more actuators coupled to the curved reference reflector.

[0240] 126. The method according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the one or more actuators include a movable track.

[0241] 127. The method according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein adjusting the position of the curved reference reflector includes changing the position of the curved reference reflector relative to the one or more light transmissive components to mimic the optical properties of a living eye.

[0242] 128. The method according to any of the preceding clauses, further comprising adjusting the curvature of the curved reference reflector within the eye phantom before imaging the eye phantom.

[0243] 129. The method according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein adjusting the curvature of the curved reference reflector includes adjusting the curvature of the curved reference reflector via a selectively deformable component coupled to the curved reference reflector.

[0244] 130. The method according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the curvature of the curved standard reflector is adjusted to mimic the curvature of the retina of a living eye.

[0245] 131. The method according to any of the preceding clauses, further comprising replacing a first curved standard reflector with a second curved standard reflector before imaging the eye phantom, wherein the second curved standard reflector mimics the optical properties of the retina of a living eye.

[0246] 132. The method according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the first curved standard reflector and the second curved standard reflector are detachable from the eye phantom.

[0247] 133. The method according to any of the preceding clauses, further comprising adjusting the position of at least one of the one or more light-transmitting component elements before imaging the eye phantom.

[0248] 134. Adjusting the position of at least one of the one or more light-transmitting component elements includes adjusting the position of at least one of the one or more light-transmitting component elements via one or more actuators coupled to at least one of the one or more light-transmitting component elements, according to the method of any of the preceding clauses.

[0249] 135. The method according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the one or more actuators include a movable track.

[0250] 136. Adjusting the position of at least one of the one or more light-transmitting component elements includes selectively placing at least one of the one or more light-transmitting component elements in one of a plurality of slots of the eye phantom, according to the method of any of the preceding clauses.

[0251] Adjusting the position of at least one of the one or more light-transmitting component elements includes changing the position of at least one of the one or more light-transmitting component elements relative to the curved reference reflector to mimic the optical characteristics of a living eyeball, according to any of the preceding clauses.

[0252] 138. The method according to any of the preceding clauses, further comprising replacing a first light-transmitting component element with a second light-transmitting component element before imaging the eye phantom, wherein the second light-transmitting component element mimics the optical characteristics of a living eyeball.

[0253] 139. The method according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the first light-transmitting component element and the second light-transmitting component element are detachable from the eye phantom.

[0254] 140. The method according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the first light-transmitting component element and the second light-transmitting component element are coupled to a rotating wheel, and replacing the first light-transmitting component element with the second light-transmitting component element includes rotating the rotating wheel to position the second light-transmitting component element between the curved reference reflector and the illumination assembly.

[0255] 141. The method according to any of the preceding clauses, further comprising adjusting the curvature of at least one of the one or more light-transmitting component elements before imaging the eye phantom.

[0256] 142. Adjusting the curvature of at least one of the one or more light-transmitting component elements includes adjusting the curvature of at least one of the one or more light-transmitting component elements via a selectively deformable component coupled to the curved reference reflector, according to any of the preceding clauses.

[0257] 143. The curvature of at least one of the one or more light-transmitting component elements is adjusted to mimic the curvature of a component of a living eyeball, according to any of the preceding clauses.

[0258] 144. Imaging the eye phantom using the light source of the illumination assembly includes measuring one or more characteristics of the light emitted from the light source to the curved standard reflector, and adjusting one or more parameters of the light source based on the one or more characteristics, according to any of the preceding clauses.

[0259] 145. The method according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the one or more characteristics are measured by one or more light sensors.

[0260] 146. Imaging the eye phantom using the light source of the illumination assembly to generate a reference image includes directing light from the light source towards the curved standard reflector, and collecting the light reflected by the curved standard reflector by a sensor, according to any of the preceding clauses.

[0261] 147. The method according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the reference image is a spectral image of the curved standard reflector.

[0262] 148. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing encoded executable instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform a method that includes adjusting a hyperspectral image of a living eye at least partially based on a reference image captured using an eye phantom, the eye phantom including a curved standard reflector having a light-receiving surface configured to be illuminated by light, and one or more light-transmissive component elements arranged such that the light passes through before illuminating the light-receiving surface of the curved standard reflector.

[0263] Numerous modifications and alternative embodiments of the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the above description. Accordingly, this description should be construed as illustrative only and is intended to teach those skilled in the art the best mode for carrying out the present disclosure. The details of the structure may be substantially changed without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure, and exclusive use of any modifications that fall within the scope of the appended claims is ensured. Within the scope of this specification, embodiments have been described in a manner that enables a clear and concise specification to be written, but it is intended and understood that the embodiments may be combined or separated in various forms without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The present disclosure is intended to be limited only to the extent required by the appended claims and applicable laws.

[0264] As used herein, the terms "comprise" and "comprising" are intended to be construed as non-exclusive and inclusive. When used herein, the terms "exemplary", "example", and "illustrative" are intended to mean "functioning as an example, instance, or illustration", and should not be construed as indicating a configuration that is preferred or advantageous as compared to other configurations. The terms "about", "generally", and "approximately" as used herein are intended to encompass variations that may exist within the upper and lower limits of a subjective or objective range of values, such as variations in properties, parameters, sizes, and dimensions. In one non-limiting example, the terms "about", "generally", and "approximately" mean within plus or minus 10 percent. In one non-limiting example, the terms "about", "generally", and "approximately" mean close enough to be considered included by one of ordinary skill in the relevant art. The term "substantially" as used herein refers to the full or nearly full range or degree of an action, feature, property, state, structure, item, or result, as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. For example, an object that is "substantially" circular means that the object is either completely circular to a mathematically determinable extent or is nearly circular such that one of ordinary skill in the art would recognize or understand it to be so. The exact allowable degree of deviation from absolute perfection may, in some instances, depend on the particular context. However, generally, being close enough to complete means having the same overall result as if absolute and total completion had been achieved or obtained.The use of "substantially" is equally applicable when used in a negative sense to indicate the complete or nearly complete absence of an act, characteristic, property, state, structure, item, or result, as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.

[0265] In this specification, a listing of elements in the definition of any variable includes the definition of that variable as any single element or combination (or partial combination) of the listed elements. In this specification, a description of an embodiment includes that embodiment as any single embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment or portion thereof.

[0266] All patents and publications cited herein are incorporated herein by reference to the same extent as if each individual patent and publication were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.

Claims

1. A curved standard reflector having a light-receiving surface configured to be illuminated by light, and one or more light-transmitting component elements arranged so that the light passes through before illuminating the light-receiving surface of the curved standard reflector, wherein the curved standard reflector mimics the optical characteristics of the retina of a living eye, and the one or more light-transmitting component elements mimic the optical characteristics of the living eye, an eye phantom.

2. The eye phantom according to claim 1, wherein the curved standard reflector is made of a material having a known reflectivity.

3. Further comprising a shell, wherein the shell at least partially defines the internal volume of the eye phantom, the eye phantom according to claim 1.

4. The eye phantom according to claim 3, wherein the curved standard reflector and the shell at least partially define the internal volume of the eye phantom.

5. The eye phantom according to claim 3, wherein the curved standard reflector is fixed to the inner surface of the shell.

6. The shell includes one or more receiving portions configured to removably fit with the curved standard reflector and hold the curved standard reflector within the shell, the eye phantom according to any one of claims 3 to 5.

7. The eye phantom according to claim 3, wherein the curved standard reflector is coated on the inner surface of the shell.

8. The shell includes a plurality of slots, each of the plurality of slots is arranged at a different distance from the curved standard reflector, and each of the plurality of slots is configured to receive at least one of the one or more light-transmitting component elements, the eye phantom according to claim 3.

9. The eye phantom according to claim 3, wherein the shell is constituted by an integrating sphere.

10. The eye phantom according to claim 9, wherein the curved standard reflector is coated on the surface of the integrating sphere.

11. The eye phantom according to claim 3, wherein at least one of the one or more light-transmitting component elements and the shell at least partially define the internal volume of the eye phantom.

12. The eye phantom according to claim 3 or 11, wherein at least one of the one or more light-transmitting component elements is fixed to the inner surface of the shell.

13. The eye phantom according to claim 3 or 11, wherein at least one of the one or more light-transmitting component elements is fixed to the outer surface of the shell.

14. The eye phantom according to claim 1, wherein the one or more light-transmitting component elements include an artificial sclera.

15. The eye phantom according to claim 14, wherein the artificial sclera at least partially defines the shell of the eye phantom, and the shell at least partially defines the internal volume of the eye phantom.

16. The eye phantom according to claim 14, wherein the artificial sclera is composed of at least one of polycaprolactone (PCL), glass, or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).

17. The eye phantom according to any one of claims 14 to 16, wherein the artificial sclera is configured to mimic the optical properties of the biological sclera of the living eye.

18. The eye phantom according to claim 1, wherein the one or more light-transmitting component elements include an artificial cornea.

19. The eye phantom according to claim 18, wherein the artificial cornea is composed of at least one of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), glass, or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).

20. The eye phantom according to claim 18 or 19, wherein the artificial cornea is configured to mimic the optical properties of the biological cornea of the living eye.

21. The eye phantom according to claim 1, wherein the one or more light-transmitting component elements include an artificial iris.

22. The eye phantom according to claim 21, wherein the artificial iris includes a fluid system based on a material mixture driven by electro-wetting.

23. The eye phantom according to claim 21, wherein the artificial iris includes an adjustable aperture.

24. The eye phantom according to any one of claims 21 to 23, wherein the artificial iris is configured to mimic the optical properties of the biological iris of the living eye.

25. The eye phantom according to claim 1, wherein the one or more light-transmitting component elements include an artificial lens.

26. The eye phantom according to claim 25, wherein the artificial lens is composed of at least one of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), glass, or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).

27. The intraocular lens includes at least one of a plano-concave lens, a plano-convex lens, a meniscus lens, a biconvex lens, or a biconcave lens, and the eye phantom according to claim 25.

28. The intraocular lens is configured to mimic the optical characteristics of the natural lens of the living eye, and the eye phantom according to any one of claims 25 to 27.

29. Further includes a shell, The shell at least partially defines the internal volume of the eye phantom, The curved standard reflector, the shell, and the intraocular lens at least partially define a cavity therebetween, The one or more light-transmitting components include artificial vitreous humor, The artificial vitreous humor is disposed within the cavity, The eye phantom according to claim 25.

30. The artificial vitreous humor is configured to mimic the optical characteristics of the natural vitreous humor of the living eye, and the eye phantom according to claim 29.

31. The one or more light-transmitting components, Include an intraocular lens and an artificial cornea, The artificial cornea is disposed in front of the intraocular lens, The eye phantom according to claim 1.

32. The one or more light-transmitting components include an artificial iris, The artificial iris is disposed in front of the intraocular lens, The artificial iris is disposed behind the artificial cornea, The eye phantom according to claim 31.

33. The one or more light-transmitting components include artificial aqueous humor, The intraocular lens, the artificial cornea, and the artificial iris at least partially define a cavity therebetween, The artificial aqueous humor is disposed within the cavity, The eye phantom according to claim 32.

34. The artificial aqueous humor is configured to mimic the optical characteristics of the natural aqueous humor of the living eye, and the eye phantom according to claim 33.

35. Further includes a spectral filter, and the eye phantom according to claim 1.

36. Further includes a front surface, and the spectral filter is disposed on the front surface of the eye phantom, and the eye phantom according to claim 35.

37. Further includes a housing, and at least one of the curved standard reflector and the one or more light-transmitting components is housed in the housing, and the eye phantom according to claim 1.

38. The housing includes a curved cutout portion, At least one of the curved reference reflector and the one or more light-transmissive components is disposed within the curved cutout. The eye phantom according to claim 37.

39. The curved reference reflector is disposed so as to be in contact with the surface of the curved cutout. At least one of the one or more light-transmissive components is disposed so as to be in contact with the front surface of the curved reference reflector. The eye phantom according to claim 38.

40. Further comprising an actuator, The actuator is disposed within the housing, The actuator is configured to be coupled to the curved reference reflector to move the curved reference reflector. The eye phantom according to any one of claims 37 to 39.

41. Further comprising an actuator, At least one of the one or more light-transmissive components is coupled to the curved reference reflector, The actuator is configured to move at least one of the curved reference reflector and the one or more light-transmissive components coupled to the curved reference reflector. The eye phantom according to claim 40.

42. The housing includes an attachment portion, and the attachment portion is configured to attach the housing to a device configured to move the housing. The eye phantom according to any one of claims 37 to 39.

43. The attachment portion is a recess on the outer surface of the housing. The eye phantom according to claim 42.

44. The attachment portion is a protrusion extending from the outer surface of the housing. The eye phantom according to claim 42.

45. The curved reference reflector is replaceable with another curved reference reflector. The eye phantom according to claim 1.

46. The one or more light-transmissive components are replaceable with other one or more light-transmissive components. The eye phantom according to claim 1 or 45.

47. At least one of the one or more light-transmissive components is coupled to a movable track configured to adjust the distance between at least one of the one or more light-transmissive components and the curved reference reflector. The eye phantom according to claim 1.

48. The curved standard reflector is coupled to a movable track configured to adjust a distance between the one or more light-transmissive body components and the curved standard reflector, the eye phantom according to claim 1 or 47.

49. At least one of the one or more light-transmissive body components is coupled to a rotating wheel configured to selectively position at least one of the one or more light-transmissive body components in front of the curved standard reflector, the eye phantom according to claim 1.

50. Further comprising a selectively deformable component coupled to at least one of the curved standard reflector or at least one of the one or more light-transmissive body components, the selectively deformable component configured to adjust a curvature of the curved standard reflector or a curvature of at least one of the one or more light-transmissive body components, the eye phantom according to claim 1.

51. The optical properties of the biological eye include at least one of refractive power or transmittance, the eye phantom according to claim 1.

52. The optical properties of the retina include curvature, the eye phantom according to claim 1.

53. A curved standard reflector having a light-receiving surface configured to be illuminated by light, and one or more light-transmissive body components arranged such that the light passes through the light-receiving surface of the curved standard reflector before illuminating the light-receiving surface, the curved standard reflector mimicking optical properties of a retina of a biological eye, the one or more light-transmissive body components mimicking optical properties of the biological eye, an eye phantom; A light source configured to emit light to the curved standard reflector; A sensor configured to detect light reflected by the curved standard reflector; A system comprising.

54. The one or more light-transmissive body components are arranged between the light source and the curved standard reflector along an optical path of the light emitted from the light source to the curved standard reflector, the system according to claim 53.

55. The one or more light-transmissive body components are arranged between the curved standard reflector and the sensor along an optical path of light reflected from the curved standard reflector to the sensor, the system according to claim 53.

56. The one or more light-transmissive body components are arranged between the light source and the curved standard reflector along an optical path of the light emitted from the light source to the curved standard reflector, and The system according to claim 53, which is disposed between the curved standard reflector and the sensor along the optical path of the light reflected from the curved standard reflector to the sensor.

57. The system according to any one of claims 53 to 56, wherein the one or more light-transmitting body components include an artificial sclera configured to mimic the optical properties of the sclera of the living eye.

58. The system according to any one of claims 53 to 56, wherein the one or more light-transmitting body components include an artificial cornea configured to mimic the optical properties of the cornea of the living eye.

59. The system according to any one of claims 53 to 56, wherein the one or more light-transmitting body components include an artificial iris configured to mimic the optical properties of the iris of the living eye.

60. The system according to any one of claims 53 to 56, wherein the one or more light-transmitting body components include an artificial lens configured to mimic the optical properties of the lens of the living eye.

61. The system according to any one of claims 53 to 56, wherein the one or more light-transmitting body components include an artificial vitreous humor configured to mimic the optical properties of the vitreous humor of the living eye.

62. The system according to any one of claims 53 to 56, wherein the one or more light-transmitting body components include an artificial aqueous humor configured to mimic the optical properties of the aqueous humor of the living eye.

63. The system according to claim 53, further comprising a spectral filter, wherein the spectral filter is disposed between the light source and the curved standard reflector along the optical path of the light emitted from the light source to the curved standard reflector.

64. The system according to claim 63, wherein the spectral filter is disposed between the light source and the one or more light-transmitting body components along the optical path of the light emitted from the light source to the curved standard reflector.

65. The system according to claim 53, further comprising a spectral filter, wherein the spectral filter is disposed between the curved standard reflector and the sensor along the optical path of the light reflected from the curved standard reflector to the sensor.

66. The system according to claim 65, wherein the spectral filter is disposed between the one or more light-transmitting body components and the sensor along the optical path of the light reflected from the curved standard reflector to the sensor.

67. further comprising a spectral filter, wherein the spectral filter is disposed between the light source and the curved reference reflector along the optical path of the light emitted from the light source to the curved reference reflector, and is disposed between the curved reference reflector and the sensor along the optical path of the light reflected from the curved reference reflector to the sensor, the system according to claim 53. **Claim 68** further comprising a device including an actuator, wherein the eye phantom further includes a housing, at least one of the curved reference reflector and the one or more light-transmissive components is housed in the housing, the housing includes an attachment portion configured to couple the housing to the device, the actuator is configured to adjust the position of the eye phantom, the system according to claim 53. **Claim 69** further comprising a movable track, at least one of the one or more light-transmissive components is coupled to the movable track, the movable track is configured to move at least one of the one or more light-transmissive components to adjust the distance between at least one of the one or more light-transmissive components and the curved reference reflector, the system according to claim 53. **Claim 70** further comprising a movable track, the curved reference reflector is coupled to the movable track, the movable track is configured to move the curved reference reflector to adjust the distance between the one or more light-transmissive components and the curved reference reflector, the system according to claim 53. **Claim 71** further comprising a rotating wheel, at least one of the one or more light-transmissive components is coupled to the rotating wheel, the rotating wheel is configured to move at least one of the one or more light-transmissive components to a position between the light source and the curved reference reflector along the optical path of the light emitted from the light source to the curved reference reflector, or to a position between the curved reference reflector and the sensor along the optical path of the light reflected from the curved reference reflector to the sensor, selectively to at least one of the positions, the system according to claim 53. **Claim 72** further comprising a beam splitter, the beam splitter is disposed between the light source and the eye phantom along the optical path of the light emitted by the light source to the curved reference reflector, The beam splitter is configured to change the output destination of a part of the emitted light entering along the optical path as a split beam. The system according to claim 53.

73. The system according to claim 72, further comprising one or more fiber end holders and one or more optical sensors, wherein each of the one or more fiber end holders is configured to couple an optical fiber of an individual optical sensor among the one or more optical sensors to the split beam.

74. The system according to claim 53, wherein the eye phantom further includes an integrating sphere that at least partially defines an internal volume of the eye phantom, and the curved reference reflector is disposed inside the integrating sphere.

75. The system further includes a second sensor. The integrating sphere has a first opening that allows light emitted from the light source to the curved reference reflector to enter the integrating sphere and allows light reflected by the curved reference reflector to the sensor to exit the integrating sphere, and a second opening. The second sensor has a sensing region directed inside the integrating sphere through the second opening and is configured to measure characteristics of the light reflected by the curved reference reflector. The system according to claim 74.

76. The integrating sphere includes a baffle inside. The baffle is configured to block the second sensor from the light emitted from the light source. The system according to claim 75.

77. A method of using an eye phantom, comprising: imaging the eye phantom using a light source of an illumination assembly to generate a reference image, wherein the eye phantom includes a curved reference reflector having a light-receiving surface configured to be illuminated by light, and one or more light-transmitting components disposed between the curved reference reflector and the illumination assembly, generating the reference image, wherein the curved reference reflector mimics optical characteristics of a retina of a living eye, and the one or more light-transmitting components mimic optical characteristics of a living eye. imaging the living eye using the light source of the illumination assembly to generate a spectral image of the living eye. adjusting the spectral image of the living eye based at least in part on the reference image. A method.

78. ​ The method according to claim 77, further comprising moving the eye phantom relative to the illumination assembly before imaging the eye phantom.

79. The method according to claim 78, wherein moving the eye phantom includes moving the eye phantom via one or more actuators coupled to the eye phantom.

80. The method according to claim 77, further comprising adjusting the position of the curved reference reflector within the eye phantom before imaging the eye phantom.

81. The method according to claim 80, wherein adjusting the position of the curved reference reflector includes adjusting the position of the curved reference reflector via one or more actuators coupled to the curved reference reflector.

82. The method according to claim 81, wherein the one or more actuators include a movable track.

83. The method according to any one of claims 80 to 82, wherein adjusting the position of the curved reference reflector includes changing the position of the curved reference reflector relative to the one or more light-transmissive components to mimic the optical properties of the living eye.

84. The method according to claim 77, further comprising adjusting the curvature of the curved reference reflector within the eye phantom before imaging the eye phantom.

85. The method according to claim 84, wherein adjusting the curvature of the curved reference reflector includes adjusting the curvature of the curved reference reflector via a selectively deformable component coupled to the curved reference reflector.

86. The method according to claim 84 or 85, wherein the curvature of the curved reference reflector is adjusted to mimic the curvature of the retina of the living eye.

87. The method according to claim 77, further comprising replacing a first curved reference reflector with a second curved reference reflector before imaging the eye phantom, wherein the second curved reference reflector mimics the optical properties of the retina of the living eye.

88. The method according to claim 87, wherein the first curved reference reflector and the second curved reference reflector are detachable from the eye phantom.

89. The method according to claim 77, further comprising adjusting the position of at least one of the one or more light-transmissive components before imaging the eye phantom.

90. Adjusting at least one position of the one or more light-transmissive component(s) includes adjusting at least one position of the one or more light-transmissive component(s) via one or more actuators coupled to at least one of the one or more light-transmissive component(s), according to the method of claim 89.

91. The method of claim 90, wherein the one or more actuators include a movable track.

92. Adjusting at least one of the positions of the one or more light-transmissive component(s) includes selectively disposing at least one of the one or more light-transmissive component(s) in one of a plurality of slots of the eye phantom, according to the method of claim 89.

93. Adjusting at least one position of the one or more light-transmissive component(s) includes changing the position of at least one of the one or more light-transmissive component(s) relative to the curved standard reflector to mimic the optical characteristics of the living eye, according to the method of any one of claims 89 to 92.

94. The method of claim 77, further comprising replacing a first light-transmissive component with a second light-transmissive component before imaging the eye phantom, wherein the second light-transmissive component mimics the optical characteristics of the living eye.

95. The method of claim 94, wherein the first light-transmissive component and the second light-transmissive component are detachable from the eye phantom.

96. The method of claim 94, wherein the first light-transmissive component and the second light-transmissive component are coupled to a rotating wheel, and replacing the first light-transmissive component with the second light-transmissive component includes rotating the rotating wheel to dispose the second light-transmissive component between the curved standard reflector and the illumination assembly.

97. The method of claim 77, further comprising adjusting the curvature of at least one of the one or more light-transmissive component(s) before imaging the eye phantom.

98. Adjusting the curvature of at least one of the one or more light-transmissive component(s) includes adjusting the curvature of at least one of the one or more light-transmissive component(s) via a selectively deformable component coupled to the curved standard reflector, according to the method of claim 97.

99. The method according to claim 97 or 98, wherein the curvature of at least one of the one or more light-transmitting body components is adjusted to mimic the curvature of the components of the living eye globe.

100. Imaging the eye phantom using the light source of the illumination assembly comprises measuring one or more characteristics of the light emitted from the light source to the curved reference reflector, adjusting one or more parameters of the light source based on the one or more characteristics, The method according to claim 77, comprising.

101. The method according to claim 100, wherein the one or more characteristics are measured by one or more light sensors.

102. Generating the reference image by imaging the eye phantom using the light source of the illumination assembly comprises directing the light from the light source towards the curved reference reflector, collecting the light reflected by the curved reference reflector by a sensor, The method according to claim 77, comprising.

103. The method according to claim 77 or 102, wherein the reference image is a spectral image of the curved reference reflector.

104. Adjusting the spectral image of the living eye globe based at least in part on the reference image comprises dividing the spectral image of the living eye globe by the reference image. The method according to claim 77, comprising.

105. An eye phantom, An illumination assembly comprising a light source configured to direct light towards the eye phantom and a sensor configured to detect light reflected by the eye phantom, A processor in communication with the illumination assembly and programmed to correct a spectral retinal image by a spectral calibration image of the eye phantom, A system comprising.

106. Further comprising an actuator coupled to the eye phantom, The processor is in communication with the actuator, The processor is programmed to drive the actuator to move the eye phantom relative to the illumination assembly. The system according to claim 105.

107. Further comprising an actuator, The eye phantom includes a curved reference reflector and one or more light-transmitting body components disposed between the curved reference reflector and the illumination assembly, The actuator is coupled to the curved reference reflector, The processor is in communication with the actuator, The processor is programmed to drive the actuator to move the curved reference reflector relative to the one or more light transmissive components. The system of claim 105. Claim 108 The system of claim 107, wherein the actuator is a movable track. Claim 109 Further comprising a selectively deformable component, The eye phantom includes a curved reference reflector, The selectively deformable component is coupled to the curved reference reflector, The processor communicates with the selectively deformable component, The processor is programmed to deform the selectively deformable component to adjust the curvature of the curved reference reflector. The system of claim 105. Claim 110 Further comprising an actuator, The eye phantom includes a curved reference reflector and one or more light transmissive components disposed between the curved reference reflector and the illumination assembly, The actuator is coupled to at least one of the one or more light transmissive components, The processor communicates with the actuator, The processor is programmed to drive the actuator to move the one or more light transmissive components relative to the curved reference reflector. The system of claim 105. Claim 111 The system of claim 110, wherein the actuator is a movable track. Claim 112 Further comprising a rotating wheel, The eye phantom includes a curved reference reflector, a first light transmissive component, and a second light transmissive component, The first light transmissive component and the second light transmissive component are coupled to the rotating wheel, The processor communicates with the rotating wheel, The processor is programmed to rotate the rotating wheel to position the first light transmissive component or the second light transmissive component between the curved reference reflector and the illumination assembly. The system of claim 105. Claim 113 Further comprising a selectively deformable component, The eye phantom includes one or more light transmissive components, The selectively deformable component is coupled to at least one of the one or more light transmissive components, The processor communicates with the selectively deformable component, The processor is programmed to deform the selectively deformable component to adjust the curvature of at least one of the one or more light-transmissive components. The system according to claim 105.

114. Further comprising an additional light sensor, The processor communicates with the additional light sensor, The additional light sensor is configured to detect one or more characteristics of the light directed from the light source towards the eye phantom, The processor is programmed to adjust one or more parameters of the light source based on the one or more characteristics. The system according to claim 105.

115. Further comprising a beam splitter, The beam splitter is disposed between the illumination assembly and the eye phantom, The beam splitter is configured to change the output destination of a part of the incoming emitted light as a split beam, The additional light sensor is configured to detect one or more characteristics of the split beam. The system according to claim 114.

116. Further comprising an additional light sensor, The processor communicates with the additional light sensor, The additional light sensor is configured to detect one or more characteristics of the light reflected from the eye phantom, The processor is programmed to determine the function of the eye phantom based on the one or more characteristics. The system according to claim 105.

117. Correcting the spectral retinal image by the spectral calibration image of the eye phantom includes dividing the spectral retinal image by the spectral calibration image of the eye phantom. The system according to claim 105.

118. The processor is programmed to adjust one or more components of the eye phantom so that the eye phantom approximates the optical characteristics of a living eye characterized in the spectral retinal image. The system according to claim 105.

119. The processor is To access a database of spectral calibration images of a plurality of eye phantoms, each spectral calibration image being associated with an eye phantom having unique optical characteristics for which the spectral calibration image was generated. Identifying a first spectral calibration image, wherein the first spectral calibration image is associated with a first eye phantom that mimics the optical properties of the living eye from which the spectral retinal image was generated; Correcting the spectral retinal image by the first spectral calibration image of the first eye phantom; The system according to claim 105, which is programmed to perform the above.

120. At least one processor; At least one storage medium storing encoded executable instructions, comprising: When the instructions are executed by the at least one processor, the instructions cause the at least one processor to implement a method, The method includes adjusting a hyperspectral image of a living eye based at least in part on a reference image captured using an eye phantom, The eye phantom is A curved standard reflector having a light-receiving surface configured to be illuminated by light; One or more light-transmitting components arranged such that the light passes through before illuminating the light-receiving surface of the curved standard reflector; Device.

121. A method of using an eye phantom, comprising: Imaging the eye phantom using a light source of an illumination assembly to generate a reference image, the reference image being configured to be used for calibrating an imaging system; The eye phantom is A curved standard reflector having a light-receiving surface configured to be illuminated by light; One or more light-transmitting components arranged between the curved standard reflector and the illumination assembly; The curved standard reflector mimics the optical properties of the retina of a living eye; The one or more light-transmitting components mimic the optical properties of the living eye; Method.

122. The method according to claim 121, further comprising moving the eye phantom relative to the illumination assembly before imaging the eye phantom.

123. The method according to claim 122, wherein moving the eye phantom includes moving the eye phantom via one or more actuators coupled to the eye phantom.

124. The method according to claim 121, further comprising adjusting the position of the curved standard reflector within the eye phantom before imaging the eye phantom.

125. Adjusting the position of the curved reference reflector includes adjusting the position of the curved reference reflector via one or more actuators coupled to the curved reference reflector, the method according to claim 124. **Claim 126** The method according to claim 125, wherein the one or more actuators include a movable track. **Claim 127** Adjusting the position of the curved reference reflector includes changing the position of the curved reference reflector relative to the one or more light-transmissive components to mimic the optical characteristics of the living eye, the method according to any one of claims 124 to 126. **Claim 128** The method according to claim 121, further comprising adjusting the curvature of the curved reference reflector within the eye phantom before imaging the eye phantom. **Claim 129** Adjusting the curvature of the curved reference reflector includes adjusting the curvature of the curved reference reflector via a selectively deformable component coupled to the curved reference reflector, the method according to claim 128. **Claim 130** The method according to claim 128 or 129, wherein the curvature of the curved reference reflector is adjusted to mimic the curvature of the retina of the living eye. **Claim 131** The method according to claim 121, further comprising replacing a first curved reference reflector with a second curved reference reflector before imaging the eye phantom, the second curved reference reflector mimicking the optical characteristics of the retina of the living eye. **Claim 132** The method according to claim 131, wherein the first curved reference reflector and the second curved reference reflector are detachable from the eye phantom. **Claim 133** The method according to claim 121, further comprising adjusting the position of at least one of the one or more light-transmissive components before imaging the eye phantom. **Claim 134** Adjusting the position of at least one of the one or more light-transmissive components includes adjusting the position of the at least one of the one or more light-transmissive components via one or more actuators coupled to at least one of the one or more light-transmissive components, the method according to claim 133. **Claim 135** The method according to claim 134, wherein the one or more actuators include a movable track. **Claim 136** Adjusting the position of at least one of the one or more light-transmitting component elements includes selectively disposing at least one of the one or more light-transmitting component elements in one of the plurality of slots of the eye phantom, the method according to claim 133.

137. Adjusting the position of at least one of the one or more light-transmitting component elements includes changing the position of at least one of the one or more light-transmitting component elements relative to the curved standard reflector to mimic the optical characteristics of the living eye, the method according to any one of claims 133 to 136.

138. The method according to claim 121, further comprising replacing a first light-transmitting component element with a second light-transmitting component element before imaging the eye phantom, the second light-transmitting component element mimicking the optical characteristics of the living eye.

139. The method according to claim 138, wherein the first light-transmitting component element and the second light-transmitting component element are detachable from the eye phantom.

140. The first light-transmitting component element and the second light-transmitting component element are coupled to a rotating wheel, Replacing the first light-transmitting component element with the second light-transmitting component element includes rotating the rotating wheel to dispose the second light-transmitting component element between the curved standard reflector and the illumination assembly, the method according to claim 138.

141. The method according to claim 121, further comprising adjusting the curvature of at least one of the one or more light-transmitting component elements before imaging the eye phantom.

142. Adjusting the curvature of at least one of the one or more light-transmitting component elements includes adjusting the curvature of at least one of the one or more light-transmitting component elements via a selectively deformable component coupled to the curved standard reflector, the method according to claim 141.

143. The curvature of at least one of the one or more light-transmitting component elements is adjusted to mimic the curvature of the components of the living eye, the method according to claim 141 or 142.

144. Imaging the eye phantom using the light source of the illumination assembly includes determining one or more characteristics of the light emitted from the light source to the curved standard reflector, and adjusting one or more parameters of the light source based on the one or more characteristics. The method according to claim 121, comprising

145. The method according to claim 144, wherein the one or more characteristics are measured by one or more optical sensors.

146. Generating the reference image by imaging the eye phantom with the light source of the illumination assembly comprises Directing light from the light source towards the curved reference reflector, and Collecting the light reflected by the curved reference reflector by a sensor. The method according to claim 121, comprising

147. The method according to claim 121 or 146, wherein the reference image is a spectral image of the curved reference reflector.

148. At least one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing encoded executable instructions, which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform a method, The method comprising Adjusting a hyperspectral image of a living eye based at least in part on a reference image imaged using an eye phantom, The eye phantom comprising A curved reference reflector having a light-receiving surface configured to be illuminated by light, and One or more light-transmissive components arranged such that the light passes through before illuminating the light-receiving surface of the curved reference reflector. Including Non-transitory computer-readable storage medium.

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