Convertible Shoulder Joint Replacement System

Abstract

A convertible shoulder joint replacement system and its component configuration are described. In some embodiments, implant components are provided. The implant component includes one of a glenoid component (120) including a concave outer surface (122) and a glenosphere component (1220) including a convex outer surface. The system can also include a first base plate (110) including a central boss portion (114) extending from the lower surface and a central opening (116) disposed therethrough, or a second base plate (4210) including a central boss portion (4214) extending from the upper surface and a central opening (4216) disposed therethrough. In some implementation forms, an anchor boss (514) including a central opening (516) extending therethrough is provided. The system can include a central compression screw (118) configured to securely compress the first base plate, the second base plate, or the anchor boss against the patient's bone by being fixed through the central opening.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to surgical implant systems. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to universal and / or convertible glenoid and / or glenosphere shoulder joint replacement systems, and related methods.

Background Art

[0002] Shoulder arthroplasty is a common method for treating a shoulder joint that has become dysfunctional due to disease or trauma. In a healthy shoulder joint, the humeral head is generally ball-shaped and articulates within a socket formed by the scapula called the glenoid fossa. Conventional implant systems for completely replacing the shoulder joint (e.g., total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA)) generally reproduce the natural anatomical structure of the shoulder and include a metal humeral component having a stem that fits within the humeral canal and a head that articulates within a socket of a plastic glenoid fossa component implanted within the glenoid fossa of the scapula. The glenoid fossa component may be a single-piece component attached to the glenoid fossa or a two-piece component having a plastic glenoid fossa component attached to a metal baseplate and then attached to the glenoid fossa.

[0003] In some cases, only a part of the shoulder joint may be replaced, for example, by replacing the humeral head with an artificial humeral head configured to articulate within the natural glenoid fossa of the scapula (e.g., hemiarthroplasty of the shoulder (HAS)).

[0004] In addition, “reverse” type implant systems (e.g., reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA)) invert the conventional ball-socket configuration by using a concave articular component at the proximal end of the humeral component that articulates against the convex portion of the ball-shaped component. In some applications, reverse shoulder implant systems can increase the range of motion for the treatment of glenohumeral arthritis associated with irreparable rotator cuff tears. RSA can also be applicable in some cases of advanced bone loss or bone injury.

[0005] Based on total shoulder arthroplasty, hemiarthroplasty, and reverse shoulder arthroplasty, there is a need for a universal or convertible joint replacement system and related methods by which a surgeon can perform, revise, or convert any of these types of shoulder arthroplasties using the same set of convertible or universal components and / or tools. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0006] According to some exemplary embodiments, an implant component is provided. The implant component includes one of a glenoid component including a recessed arcuate upper surface and a glenosphere component including a convex outer surface. The implant component includes a glenoid baseplate including a central boss extending from a lower surface and a central opening disposed therethrough, a glenosphere baseplate including a central boss extending from an upper surface and a central opening disposed therethrough, and one of an anchor boss including a central opening extending therethrough. The implant component includes a central compression screw configured to securely compress the glenoid baseplate, the glenosphere baseplate, or the anchor boss against the patient's bone by being fixed through the central opening.

[0007] According to some exemplary embodiments, a convertible shoulder joint replacement system is provided. The system includes a central anchor screw that includes threads configured to bite into the patient's bone and provides a self - contained anchor. The system includes a first glenoid component that includes a concave arcuate upper surface and a lower surface on which is disposed a metal disc - shaped component that provides a key - lock interface for mating the glenoid component with the central anchor screw, a glenoid base plate that includes a substantially planar upper surface, a central opening disposed therethrough, and a lower surface on which is disposed a metal disc - shaped component that provides a key - lock interface for mating the glenoid base plate with the central anchor screw, and a glenoid sphere base plate that includes a central boss extending from the upper surface, a central opening disposed therethrough, and a lower surface on which is disposed a metal disc - shaped component that provides a key - lock interface for mating the glenoid sphere base plate with the central anchor screw, and includes one of the glenoid sphere base plates.

[0008] According to some exemplary embodiments, a method for performing shoulder joint replacement using a convertible shoulder joint replacement system is provided. The method includes creating a central hole in the resected proximal end of the patient's humerus, the central hole being configured to receive a guide wire. The method includes preparing the surface of the resected proximal end of the humerus using a reamer disposed on the guide wire. The method includes enlarging the central hole to accommodate a portion of the base plate of the system or the anchor boss and the central compression screw. The method includes securing the base plate or the anchor boss to the resected proximal end of the humerus by fixing a central compression screw into the central hole through the central opening of the base plate or the anchor boss. The method includes connecting to the base plate or the anchor boss one of a glenoid component that includes a concave arcuate upper surface and a glenoid sphere component that includes a convex outer surface.

[0009] According to some exemplary embodiments, another method of performing shoulder arthroplasty using a convertible shoulder replacement system is provided. The method includes making a central hole in the surface of the patient's scapula, where the proximal portion of the central hole has a radius larger than the distal portion of the central hole in the central hole to completely accommodate the central anchor screw. The method includes completely fixing the central anchor screw in the central hole. The method includes placing a guide wire or a guide wire guide connected to the guide wire into the head of the central anchor screw. The method includes preparing the surface of the scapula using a reamer disposed on the guide wire. After removing the guide wire, the method includes placing on the head of the central anchor screw a first glenoid component, which includes a concave arcuate upper surface and a lower surface on which a metal disc-shaped component providing a key-lock interface for fitting the glenoid component and the central anchor screw is disposed; a glenoid base plate, which includes a substantially planar upper surface, a central opening disposed therethrough, and a lower surface on which a metal disc-shaped component providing a key-lock interface for fitting the glenoid base plate and the central anchor screw is disposed; and a glenosphere base plate, which includes a central boss portion extending from the upper surface, a central opening disposed therethrough, and a lower surface on which a metal disc-shaped component providing a key-lock interface for fitting the glenosphere base plate and the central anchor screw is disposed, and connecting one of the first glenoid component, the glenoid base plate, and the glenosphere base plate.

[0010] According to some exemplary embodiments, a method of manufacturing a convertible shoulder joint replacement system is provided. Such a method can include, but is not limited to, forming, extruding, punching, deforming, casting, forging, rolling, machining, printing including 3D printing, injection molding or overmolding of any component, any element and / or feature of any component, or the component itself, including but not limited to manufacturing any of the components described in this disclosure. Thus, manufacturing of any component can include any one or more of these operations or steps, and conversely, any one or more of these operations or steps can be considered as manufacturing such a component and / or its elements.

[0011] A more complete understanding of the subject matter of this disclosure and various advantages can be realized by referring to the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0012]

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[0013] The following detailed description and the accompanying drawings are presented to illustrate and depict exemplary embodiments and are intended to enable those skilled in the relevant art to make and use such exemplary embodiments. The description and drawings are not intended to limit the scope or protection of the present disclosure in any way.

[0014] As used herein, the terms "proximal" and "distal" are used to describe the axial ends of a particular element, component, or feature being described. The term "attached" refers to a fixed, releasable, or integral relationship between two or more elements, components, and / or devices. The term "attached" includes releasably attaching or fixedly attaching two or more elements, components, and / or devices. The terms "medial" and "lateral" are used to describe the sides of a particular element, component, or feature being described. The singular forms "a", "an", and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0015] The present disclosure describes several universal or convertible systems or platforms for shoulder arthroplasty. Such systems or platforms are universal or convertible in that at least one or more identical components can be used for implantation into a glenoid component (e.g., a component having a concave arcuate surface configured to mimic a patient's natural glenoid, such a component being implanted in the scapula or humerus), or a glenosphere component (e.g., a component having a convex outer surface configured to mimic the "ball" portion of a ball-and-socket joint, such a component being implanted in the humerus or scapula).

[0016] During implantation, at least the glenoid component or the glenosphere component (e.g., an implant component) is ultimately fixed to one of the patient's humerus or scapula, e.g., the patient's bone. The present disclosure contemplates various ways of achieving such fixation that also provide the desired versatility and interchangeability for ultimately fixing the glenoid component or the glenosphere component to the patient's bone. General features common to various embodiments, or characteristic various embodiments, are described below. Specific embodiments are then described in more detail in connection with the drawings.

[0017] In some embodiments, the implant component is ultimately fixed to bone using a central compression screw (see, e.g., FIGS. 1-8, FIGS. 21-26B, FIGS. 35A-35G, FIGS. 42-45, FIG. 47, and FIG. 48). When the central compression screw is properly embedded through a base plate (see, e.g., FIGS. 1-4, FIG. 7, FIG. 8, FIGS. 21-26B, FIGS. 35A-35G, FIGS. 42-45, and FIG. 48) or through an anchor boss (see, e.g., FIGS. 5, 6, and FIG. 47), a compressive force is applied to the base plate or the anchor boss, and the base plate or the anchor boss itself is connected and / or connectable to their respective implant components.

[0018] In some other embodiments, the implant component is ultimately fixed to bone using a central anchor screw (see, e.g., FIGS. 9-20) or a central anchor screw with a boss (see, e.g., FIGS. 41A, 41B, FIG. 46, and FIG. 48). The central anchor screw is connected and / or connectable from the underside of the base plate to the lower surface of the base plate (see, e.g., FIGS. 12, 15-17, FIGS. 41A, 41B, and FIG. 48), and the base plate is connected and / or connectable to the implant component. In some other embodiments, the central anchor screw is directly connected and / or connectable from the underside of the implant component to the lower surface of the implant component itself (see, e.g., FIGS. 9-11, FIG. 13, FIG. 14, FIGS. 18A-19B, and FIG. 46).

[0019] In some embodiments, the central anchor screw is connected and / or connectable to a specially designed metal disc-shaped component disposed and / or formed on or within the lower surface of the base plate (see, e.g., FIGS. 12, 15-17, and FIG. 20) or the implant component itself (see, e.g., FIGS. 9-11, FIG. 13, FIG. 14, and FIGS. 18A-19B), and the metal disc-shaped component provides a key interface between the central anchor screw and the base plate or the implant component itself.

[0020] In some embodiments, no baseplate is used (see, e.g., FIGS. 5, 6, 9-11, 13, 14, 18A-19B, 46, and 47). In some such embodiments, compression screws are instead used to fix the anchor boss to the patient's bone, and the anchor boss is connected to an implant component (see, e.g., FIGS. 5, 6, and 47). In some other such embodiments, a central anchor screw is embedded within the patient's bone and connected to a specially designed metal disc-shaped component (see, e.g., FIGS. 18A-19B) disposed on the lower surface of the implant or a central tapered portion having a flexible extension (see, e.g., FIGS. 46 and 47).

[0021] In some other embodiments, a baseplate is used. In some such embodiments, the baseplate includes a central boss portion extending from the lower surface configured to be disposed within the prepared patient's bone (see, e.g., FIGS. 1-4, 7, 8, 21-35G, 44, and 45). In some other such embodiments, the baseplate does not include a boss portion extending from the lower surface and instead includes a specially designed metal disc-shaped component (see, e.g., FIGS. 12, 15-17, and 20) disposed on the lower surface configured to connect to a central anchor screw. In some other such embodiments, the baseplate includes neither a central boss portion extending from the lower surface nor a specially designed metal disc-shaped component and instead includes an opening having a bayonet lock mechanism configured to connect to a bossed central anchor screw (see, e.g., FIGS. 41A and 41B). In some other such embodiments, the baseplate includes a central tapered portion extending from the upper surface (see, e.g., FIGS. 12, 20, and 48), and the central tapered portion is configured to taper or frictionally fit, in some cases, within a corresponding recess of a glenosphere component. In some embodiments, the baseplate includes a wedge surface for adapting to particularly suitable patient bone defects and / or abnormalities (see, e.g., FIGS. 18A-20, 35A-35G, 37-41B, and 48).

[0022] In some embodiments, the base plate can include one or more mechanisms for preventing rotation after implantation. In some such embodiments, a plurality of spikes extend from the lower surface of the base plate and are fixed to the bone around the compression screw (see, e.g., FIGS. 1 and 2). In some other such embodiments, a plurality of concave-convex pegs extend from the lower surface of the base plate and are fixed to the bone around the compression screw, the central anchor screw, or the central anchor screw with a boss (see, e.g., FIGS. 18A-19B, 46, and 47). In some other such embodiments, the base plate includes a plurality of peripheral openings configured to receive and pass through peripheral screws fixed to the bone around the compression screw, the central anchor screw, or the central anchor screw with a boss (see, e.g., FIGS. 3, 4, 7, 8, 12, 15-17, 20-35G, 41-45, and 48).

[0023] In some embodiments, the implant component includes a glenoid component (see, e.g., FIGS. 1-11, 13-16E, 18A-19B, 21-22B, 24-26B, 41A, 41B, 44, 46, and 47). In some embodiments, the glenoid component can include plastic, and in some other embodiments can include metal. In some embodiments, the thickness at the groove of the glenoid component (i.e., the lowest point and the thinnest part of the arcuate upper surface of the glenoid component) can have an exemplary thickness of 4.0-5.0 mm, such as about 4.16 mm. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and any of the glenoid components described herein can also have any suitable thickness in the groove or any other part. In still other embodiments, the glenoid component includes an upper plastic, such as a polyarticular part, and a lower metal part (see, e.g., FIGS. 7, 8, 13, and 14). In some such embodiments, the glenoid component includes a central tapered portion extending from the lower surface, and the central tapered portion is configured to taper or frictionally fit into a recess and / or opening disposed on the upper surface of the base plate. In some embodiments where the glenoid component includes plastic, such as poly, a metal tapered extension extends from the central tapered portion and is configured to taper or frictionally fit into a recess and / or opening disposed on the upper surface of the base plate (see, e.g., FIGS. 3-6). In some embodiments, the glenoid component includes a specially designed metal disc-shaped component disposed on the lower surface to provide a direct key interface with the central anchor screw (see, e.g., FIGS. 9-11, 13, 14, and 18A-19B). In some embodiments, the glenoid component includes a central tapered portion having a flexible extension disposed on the lower surface to provide a direct key interface with the central anchor screw (see, e.g., FIGS. 46 and 47).

[0024] In some embodiments, the implant component can include a glenosphere component (see, e.g., FIGS. 12, 17, 20, 23A, 23B, 37-40B, 42, 43, 45, and 48) that can include a tapered recess, and the tapered recess can be tapered or frictionally engaged with one tapered end of a double-taper adapter (the other end of the double-taper adapter is configured to be tapered or frictionally engaged within an opening in the upper surface of the base plate (see, e.g., FIG. 17) or within an opening of a set screw disposed within an opening in the upper surface of the base plate), a tapered end of a single-taper threaded adapter (the other end of the single taper includes threads configured to engage complementary threads of an opening in the upper surface of the base plate (see, e.g., FIG. 45)), or a central tapered portion extending from the upper surface of the base plate (see, e.g., FIGS. 12, 20, and 48).

[0025] Specific embodiments will now be described in connection with the drawings.

[0026] FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate an exemplary embodiment of a modular system 100 for shoulder arthroplasty. The system 100 includes a base plate 110 and a glenoid component 120. In some embodiments, the base plate 110 may be configured to be placed on substantially the surface of the subchondral bone.

[0027] In some embodiments, the base plate 110 includes a two-piece assembly that includes the base plate 110 itself and a central compression screw 118 configured to be secured through the base plate 110. The central compression screw 118 includes threads configured to appropriately align, secure, and compress the base plate 110 against and / or within the patient's bone by biting into the patient's bone.

[0028] The base plate 110 includes a central boss portion 114 extending from the lower surface. In some embodiments, the central boss portion 114 has a generally tapered cylindrical shape. The base plate 110 includes a recess and an opening 116 on the upper surface. At least the central portion of the opening 116 completely penetrates the base plate 110 so that a central compression screw 118 can be received through the recess 116 and extend out through the opening 116 on the lower surface of the base plate. When the central compression screw 118 is properly tightened against the patient's bone, the head of the central compression screw 118 is completely disposed within the recess 116 under the generally flat upper surface of the base plate 110.

[0029] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the base plate 110 can also include a plurality of spikes 112 extending from the lower surface. The spikes 112 are configured to prevent unwanted rotation of the base plate 110 by being disposed within the patient's bone when the central compression screw 118 is received through the opening 116 of the base plate 110 and properly tightened against the patient's bone. Such a design is particularly advantageous for reverse shoulder replacement surgery where the base plate 110 can be fixed in a position that utilizes little of the surrounding humeral bone space.

[0030] As shown in FIG. 1, the upper surface of the base plate 110 has a first thickness T1. The spikes 112 are shown as extending a length T2 from the lower surface of the base plate 110. The central boss 114 is shown as extending a length T3 from the lower surface of the base plate 110. Exemplary values of T1 include 1.5 - 2.5 mm, such as 1.84 mm. Exemplary values of T2 include 10.0 - 12.0 mm, such as 10.41 mm. Exemplary values of T3 include 13.0 - 15.0 mm, such as 13.73 mm. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and T1, T2, and T3 can have any suitable values.

[0031] The glenoid component 120 includes an arcuate upper surface 122 that is configured to directly contact an artificial ball-shaped replacement component that is connected to the ball of the patient's humerus (in the case of a partial shoulder replacement), or to a portion of the patient's prepared humerus (e.g., in the case of a total shoulder replacement), or to a portion of the patient's prepared scapula (e.g., in the case of a reverse total shoulder replacement). The glenoid component 120 includes a central tapered portion 124 that extends from the lower surface. The central tapered portion 124 is configured to press-fit and taper or frictionally engage within the opening 116 of the base plate 110 such that the lower surface of the glenoid component 120 is in direct contact with the upper surface of the base plate 110.

[0032] In some embodiments, the lower surface of the glenoid component 120 includes a recess 121 that is configured such that at least a portion of the base plate 110 can be located within the recess 121 when the glenoid component 120 is properly connected to the base plate 110. In some embodiments, the glenoid component 120 includes a peripheral protrusion 126 that is configured to extend from the peripheral portion of the lower surface of the glenoid component 120 into a portion of the patient's prepared bone surrounding the base plate 110. In this way, the peripheral protrusion 126 prevents the glenoid component 120 from undesirably rotating after the glenoid component 120 is locked to the base plate 110.

[0033] The glenoid component 120 has a thickness T4 measured between the uppermost peripheral point of the arcuate surface 122 of the glenoid component 120 and the corresponding lowermost peripheral point of the lower surface. Exemplary values of T4 include from 8.0 to 9.0 mm, such as 8.56 mm. In some embodiments, the system 100 is dimensioned such that an exemplary overall thickness T5 of the system 100 extending over the patient's bone is from 7.0 to 8.0 mm, such as 7.54 mm.

[0034] The glenoid component 120 can include a plastic such as ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the glenoid component 120 can further or alternatively include a metal or other suitable biocompatible material, such as titanium (Ti) and / or a cobalt alloy (e.g., cobalt-chromium (CoCr), cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo)). The central compression screw 118 and the base plate 110 can each include such a metal or other suitable biocompatible material.

[0035] Figures 3 and 4 show another exemplary embodiment of a modular system 300 for shoulder arthroplasty. The system 300 includes a base plate 310 and a glenoid component 320. In some such embodiments, the base plate 310 may be configured to be inserted under the subchondral bone.

[0036] In some embodiments, the base plate 310 is also a two-piece assembly that includes the base plate 310 itself and a central compression screw 118 configured to properly align, fix, and compress the base plate 310 against and / or within the patient's bone.

[0037] The base plate 310 includes a central boss portion 314 extending from the lower surface. In some embodiments, the central boss portion 314 has a generally tapered cylindrical shape. The base plate 310 includes a recess and an opening 316 on the upper surface. At least the central portion of the opening 316 completely penetrates the base plate 310 such that the central compression screw 118 is received through the recess 316 and extends out through the opening 316 on the lower surface of the base plate, and when the central compression screw 118 is properly tightened against the patient's bone, the head of the central compression screw 118 is completely disposed within the recess 316 under the generally flat upper surface of the base plate 310.

[0038] As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, instead of using the spike 112, the base plate 310 includes a plurality of peripheral openings 315 each receiving one of a plurality of peripheral screws 312, and the peripheral screws 312 include threads configured to prevent unwanted rotation of the base plate 310 by biting into the patient's bone around the central compression screw 118. In some embodiments, the peripheral screw 312 has a head configured for a torque driver, such as a torque bit. In some embodiments, the threads of the peripheral screw 312 have a diameter of 5 mm. In some embodiments, the peripheral screw 312 has a length of 14 mm, 18 mm, 22 mm, 26 mm, 30 mm, 34 mm, 38 mm or any other suitable length. In some embodiments, the longer peripheral screw 312 helps to address applications where the patient's bone loss is progressing.

[0039] As shown in FIG. 3, the upper surface of the base plate 310 has a thickness T6. Exemplary values of T6 include 3.5 - 4.5 mm, such as 4.02 mm. The central boss portion 314 is shown as extending a length T7 from the lower surface of the base plate 310. Exemplary values of T7 include 13.0 - 14.0 mm, such as 13.44 mm. However, the present disclosure is not limited to these, and T6 and T7 can have any suitable values.

[0040] The articular fossa component 320 includes the arcuate upper surface 122 described above for the articular fossa component 120 of FIGS. 1 and 2. The articular fossa component 320 includes a central tapered portion 324 extending from the lower surface. However, in contrast to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the central tapered portion 324 extends only a relatively short (e.g., smaller or shorter) distance from the lower surface of the articular fossa component 320 (e.g., as compared to the central tapered portion 124 of FIG. 1), and a metal tapered extension (or collet) 325 is connected to the distal end of the central tapered portion 324 via complementary threads disposed, for example, at the mating ends of the metal tapered extension 325 and the central tapered portion 324. The metal tapered extension 325 is configured to press-fit and taper or frictionally engage within the opening 316 of the base plate 310 such that the lower surface of the articular fossa component 320 is in direct contact with the upper surface of the base plate 310. In some embodiments, the metal tapered extension 325 includes one or more vertical slots 328 extending from the distal end of the metal tapered extension 325. The vertical slots 328 allow the metal tapered extension 325 to deform slightly to fully enter within the recess 316 of the base plate 310 and provide sufficient metal-to-metal taper or frictional locking between the metal tapered extension 325 and the inner surface of the recess 316.

[0041] The articular fossa component 320 has a thickness T8 measured between the uppermost peripheral point of the arcuate surface 122 of the articular fossa component 320 and the corresponding lowermost peripheral point of the lower surface. Exemplary values of T8 include 5.0 - 7.0 mm, such as 5.87 mm. In some embodiments, the system 300 is dimensioned such that the total thickness T9 of the system 100 extending over the patient's bone is approximately 4.2 mm. Exemplary values of T9 include 5.0 - 7.0 mm, such as 5.87 mm.

[0042] The glenoid component 320 can include a plastic such as UHMWPE. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the glenoid component 320 can further or alternatively include a metal or other suitable biocompatible material, such as titanium (Ti) and / or a cobalt alloy (e.g., cobalt-chromium (CoCr), cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo)). The central compression screw 318, the metal taper extension 325, and the base plate 310 can each include such a metal or other suitable biocompatible material.

[0043] Figures 5 and 6 show yet another exemplary embodiment of a modular system 500 for shoulder arthroplasty. In contrast to the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 1-4, the system 500 includes an anchor boss 514 instead of a base plate. In some such embodiments, the anchor boss 514 may be configured to be placed on substantially the surface of the subchondral bone.

[0044] In some embodiments, the anchor boss 514 may be substantially similar to the central boss portions 114, 314 of the respective base plates 110, 310. For example, the anchor boss 514 has a generally tapered cylindrical shape and has a recess and an opening 516 on its upper surface. At least a central portion of the opening 516 completely penetrates the anchor boss 514 such that the central compression screw 118 is received through the recess 516 and extends out through the opening 516 at the lower surface of the anchor boss 514, and when the central compression screw 118 is properly tightened into the patient's bone, the head of the central compression screw 118 is completely disposed within the recess 516 under the generally flat upper surface of the anchor boss 514.

[0045] As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the anchor boss 514 does not have an upper surface that extends radially away from the opening 316 as opposed to a base plate, and the anchor boss 514 itself does not include circumferential screws, spikes, or pegs for fixing to the surrounding bone of the patient. Such a design is particularly advantageous for reverse shoulder arthroplasty where the anchor boss 514 can be fixed in a position that makes little use of the surrounding humeral space.

[0046] As shown in FIG. 5, the upper surface (e.g., the lip) of the anchor boss 514 has a thickness T10. Exemplary values of T10 include 1.0 to 2.0 mm, such as 1.02 mm. The anchor boss 514 is shown as extending a length T11 below the lower side of this upper surface (e.g., the lip). Exemplary values of T11 include 12.0 to 13.0 mm, such as 12.55 mm. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and T10 and T11 can have any suitable values. In some embodiments, the anchor boss 514 is configured to adapt to the total polymer thickness.

[0047] The glenoid component 520 includes the arcuate upper surface 122 described above. The glenoid component 520 includes a central tapered portion 524 extending from the lower surface. However, in contrast to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the central tapered portion 524 extends only a relatively short (e.g., smaller or shorter) distance from the lower surface of the glenoid component 520 (e.g., compared to the central tapered portion 124 of FIG. 1), and a metal tapered extension (or collet) 525 is connected to the distal end of the central tapered portion 524 via complementary threads disposed at the mating ends of, for example, the metal tapered extension 525 and the central tapered portion 524. The metal tapered extension 525 is configured to press-fit and taper or frictionally engage within the opening 516 of the anchor boss 514 such that the lower surface of the glenoid component 520 is in direct contact with the upper surface of the anchor boss 514. In some embodiments, the metal tapered extension 525 includes one or more vertical slots or grooves 528 extending from the distal end of the metal tapered extension 525. In some embodiments, such vertical slots or grooves 528 allow the metal tapered extension 525 to deform slightly to fully advance within the recess 516 of the anchor boss 514 and provide sufficient taper or frictional locking between the metal of the metal tapered extension 525 and the inner surface of the recess 516. In some embodiments, such vertical slots or grooves 528 provide an edge on the metal tapered extension 525 that provides a more secure taper or friction fit with the inner surface of the recess 516.

[0048] In some embodiments, the glenoid component 520 includes a plurality of peripheral protrusions 526 configured to extend from the peripheral portion of the lower surface of the glenoid component 520 into a portion of the patient's prepared bone surrounding the anchor boss 514. In this way, the peripheral protrusions 526 prevent the glenoid component 520 from undesirably rotating after being pressed and locked to the anchor boss 514.

[0049] Accordingly, the central compression screw 118 locks the anchor boss 514 and the metal taper extension 525 locks the glenoid component 520 to the anchor boss 514. In some embodiments, such as some TSA cases, the anchor boss 514 is adapted for a trifurcated poly-peg (not shown).

[0050] The glenoid component 520 has a thickness T12 measured between the uppermost peripheral point of the arcuate surface 122 of the glenoid component 520 and the corresponding lowermost peripheral point of the lower surface. In some embodiments, the system 500 is dimensioned such that the total thickness T13 of the system 500 extending over the patient's bone is about 4.2 mm.

[0051] The glenoid component 520 can include a plastic such as UHMWPE. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the glenoid component 520 can further or alternatively include a metal or other suitable biocompatible material, such as titanium (Ti) and / or a cobalt alloy (e.g., cobalt-chromium (CoCr), cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo)). The central compression screw 118, the metal taper extension 525, and the anchor boss 514 can each include such a metal or other suitable biocompatible material.

[0052] Figures 7 and 8 show yet another exemplary embodiment of a modular system 700 for shoulder arthroplasty. The system 700 includes a baseplate 710 and a glenoid component 720. In some such embodiments, the baseplate 710 may be configured to be inserted beneath the subchondral bone.

[0053] In some embodiments, the baseplate 710 includes a two-piece assembly that includes the baseplate 710 itself and a central compression screw 118 configured to properly align, fix, and compress the baseplate 710 against and / or within the patient's bone. The baseplate 710 also includes a plurality of peripheral openings 715 each configured to receive one of a plurality of peripheral screws 312 for fixing the baseplate 710 around the patient's bone as described above.

[0054] The baseplate 710 includes a central boss portion 714 that extends from the lower surface. In some embodiments, the central boss portion 714 may be substantially similar to that described above for the central boss portion 314 of FIGS. 3 and 4, having a generally tapered cylindrical shape, including a recess and an opening 716 on the upper surface, and at least a portion of the opening 716 is configured to completely penetrate the central boss portion 714 and the baseplate 710 and receive the central compression screw 118. The central boss portion 714 may be coated or formed with a porous metal layer on at least a portion of the surface facing the bone. Such a porous metal layer enables excellent cementless fixation of the baseplate 710 to the patient's bone. Exemplary porosities of such a porous metal layer include, but are not limited to, an average porosity of 65%. In some cases, a plurality of (e.g., two) pore sizes can be used. In some cases, such a porous metal layer can include a non-spherical bead porous coating of titanium. Such a coating may comply with ASTM F67. Such a coating can be applied, for example, to a titanium substrate device. An exemplary thickness of such a porous metal layer is about 1.5 mm. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and any suitable thickness is also contemplated.

[0055] In some embodiments, the central compression screw 118 may instead be an integral part of the base plate 710 and configured such that when the central compression screw 118 is rotated, the base plate 710 rotates with the central compression screw 118.

[0056] As shown in FIG. 7, the upper surface of the base plate 710 has a thickness T14. Exemplary values of T14 include 3.5 - 4.5 mm, such as 4.02 mm. The central boss 714 is shown as extending a length T15 from the lower surface of the base plate 710. Exemplary values of T15 include 9.0 - 10.0 mm, such as 9.53 mm. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and T14 and T15 can have any suitable values.

[0057] In some embodiments, the acetabular component 720 is also a two - part assembly including an upper portion 720a and a lower portion 720b configured to fit with the upper portion 720a. The upper portion 720a includes the arcuate upper surface 122 described above. The opening 729 is also disposed on the upper surface 122, and the opening 1325 is configured to receive an implant lock screw (not shown, but see, for example, 1327 in FIG. 13) for fixing the assembled acetabular component 720 to the base plate 710. The upper portion 720a can also include a pattern surface 723a (e.g., a lattice pattern of raised elements having any suitable cross - section, such as a square, rectangle, circle, oval, or regular or irregular polygon) on the lower surface.

[0058] The lower part 720b also includes a pattern upper surface 723b having a complementary shape to the pattern bottom surface 723a of the upper part 720a. Also, the opening 729b is arranged so that when passing through the lower part 720b and the upper part 720a and the lower part 720b are attached to each other, the openings 729 and 729b are aligned to receive the implant lock screw. The lower part 720b also includes a central tapered portion 724 extending from the lower surface. In some embodiments, the central tapered portion 724 is an integrally formed part of the lower part 720b. In other embodiments, at least a part of the central tapered portion 724 is connected to the lower part 720b via complementary threads arranged, for example, at the fitting ends of the central tapered portion 724 and the lower part 720b, similar to the metal tapered extension 325 in FIGS. 3 and 4. The central tapered portion 724 is configured to press-fit and taper or friction-fit within the opening 716 of the base plate 710 so that the lower surface of the socket component 720 is in direct contact with the upper surface of the base plate 710. In some embodiments, the central tapered portion 724 includes one or more vertical slots 728 extending from the distal end of the central tapered portion 724. The vertical slots 728 allow the central tapered portion 724 to deform slightly to fully enter the recess 716 of the base plate 710, providing sufficient taper or friction lock between the metal of the central tapered portion 724 and the inner surface of the recess 716.

[0059] The socket component 720 has a total thickness T16 (i.e., the thickness of the upper part 720a and the lower part 720b when properly assembled) measured between the outermost peripheral point of the arcuate surface 122 of the socket component 720 and the corresponding lowermost peripheral point of the lower surface of the lower part 720b. Exemplary values of T16 include 6.5 - 7.5 mm, for example 6.91 mm. In some embodiments, the system 700 is dimensioned such that the total thickness T17 of the system 700 extending over the patient's bone is about 6.5 - 7.5 mm, for example 6.91 mm.

[0060] The upper portion 720a of the glenoid component 720 can include a plastic such as UHMWPE. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the upper portion 720a can further or alternatively include a metal or other suitable biocompatible material, such as titanium (Ti) and / or a cobalt alloy (e.g., cobalt-chromium (CoCr), cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo)). The central compression screw 118, the lower portion 720b of the glenoid component 720, the central tapered portion 724 (if removable), the central compression screw 118, and the base plate 710 can each include such a metal or other suitable biocompatible material.

[0061] Figures 9-11 show yet another exemplary embodiment of a modular system 900 for shoulder arthroplasty. The system 900 includes a glenoid component 920 and a central anchor screw 918. The system 900 does not include a base plate. Instead, the anchor screw 918 includes threads configured to bite into the patient's bone and provides a self-contained anchor suitable for properly aligning and fixing the glenoid component 920 directly to the anchor screw 918 and against and / or within the patient's bone, as will be described in more detail below. In the embodiments according to Figures 9-11, it is important that the self-contained fixation characteristics of the central anchor screw 918 allow for the omission of the base plate. This reduces the number of parts, confusion for the surgical assistant, and the likelihood of error during the patient's surgery.

[0062] In some embodiments, the glenoid component 920 is a multi-component assembly. For example, it includes an arcuate upper surface 122 with an opening 929 disposed in the arcuate upper surface 122, and a metal disc-shaped component 924 is disposed or formed against the bottom surface of the glenoid component 920. As will be described in more detail below in connection with Figure 11, the metal disc-shaped component 924 provides a key-lock interface between the glenoid component 920 and the central anchor screw 918.

[0063] The implant lock screw 927 is configured to pass through and / or be threaded into the opening 929 and engage with the complementary threads of the head of the central anchor screw 918 and, optionally, the threads within the opening 1104 of the metal disc-shaped component 924. In some embodiments, the screw cap cover 950 is configured to be mounted within the opening 929 of the arcuate upper surface 122 of the glenoid fossa component 920 and on the implant lock screw 927 to ensure a substantially continuous smooth transition between the arcuate upper surface 122 and the directly adjacent edge of the screw cap cover 950.

[0064] The glenoid fossa component 920 includes a plurality of irregular peripheral protrusions 926 that are configured to extend from the peripheral portion of the lower surface of the glenoid fossa component 920 into a portion of the patient's prepared bone surrounding the central anchor screw 918. In this way, the irregular peripheral protrusions 926 help prevent the glenoid fossa component 920 from undesirably rotating after it is locked to the central anchor screw 918.

[0065] As shown in FIG. 11, the metal disk-shaped component 924 has a substantially circular shape factor and a thickness T18. The metal disk-shaped component 924 includes a central opening 1104, and at least a part of the implant lock screw 927 can be screwed into or at least pass through this central opening 1104. Although not shown in FIG. 11, the inner surface of the central opening 1104 can include such threads (see, for example, FIG. 55C). In some embodiments, the central opening 1104 has a substantially circular shape factor. The upper surface of the metal disk-shaped component 924 is shown as including a plurality of recesses 1102. In some embodiments, each recess 1102 can include different portions of the same circular track and have a shape factor with circular ends. A plurality of through holes 1106 may be C-drilled from the bottom surface of the metal disk-shaped component 924. C-drilling can include opening holes in and / or through at least a partially angled portion of the bottom surface of the metal disk-shaped component 924, with the lowermost portion of the sidewall of the through hole 1106 extending partially around each through hole and tapering towards the central opening 1104 (e.g., in a "C" shape when viewed from above or below). For example, as shown in FIG. 11, the bottom surface of the metal disk-shaped component 924 can include an innermost portion 1107 around the opening 1104, an outermost portion 1109 along the perimeter of the bottom surface of the metal disk-shaped component 924, and an intermediate portion 1108 extending between the innermost portion 1107 and the outermost portion 1109. In some embodiments, the innermost portion 1107 can extend along a first plane, the outermost portion 1109 can extend along a second plane different from the first plane, and the intermediate portion 1108 can extend or be inclined between the first plane and the second plane, from the first plane towards the second plane, or vice versa. The through holes 1106 may be opened in such a position that a part of each through hole 1106 extends through a part of the innermost portion 1107 and through a directly adjacent portion of the intermediate portion 1108. Such C-drilling enables the fitting mechanism of the head of the central anchor screw 918 to mechanically engage outside these sidewalls. In some embodiments, the through holes 1106 extend through each of the plurality of recesses 1102.

[0066] In some embodiments where the socket component 920 includes plastic, a metal disc-shaped component 924 can be molded or overmolded onto the bottom surface of the socket component 920. For example, in some other embodiments where the socket component 920 includes metal, the metal disc-shaped component 924 can be machined within the socket component 920 or as an integral part of the socket component 920 (e.g., omitting one or more recesses 1102 on the upper surface. Such an "upper surface" is no longer an outer surface and is located inside the socket component 920).

[0067] In some embodiments, the socket component 920 can have a thickness similar to that of some previous embodiments of the socket component, e.g., 4.2 mm, measured between the uppermost peripheral point of the arcuate surface 122 of the socket component 920 and the corresponding lowermost peripheral point of the lower surface. In some embodiments, the system 900 is dimensioned such that the overall thickness of the system 900 extending over the prepared bone to which the central anchor screw 918 is fixed is approximately 4.2 mm.

[0068] The socket component 920 can include a plastic such as UHMWPE. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the socket component 920 can further or alternatively include metal, or other suitable biocompatible materials, e.g., titanium (Ti) and / or cobalt alloys (e.g., cobalt-chromium (CoCr), cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo)). The central anchor screw 918 and the disc-shaped component 924 can each include such metal or other suitable biocompatible materials.

[0069] FIG. 12 shows yet another exemplary embodiment of a modular system 1200 for shoulder arthroplasty. The system 1200 includes a baseplate 1210 and a glenosphere component 1220. In some embodiments, the baseplate 1210 may be configured to be placed substantially on the surface, rather than beneath the surface of the subchondral bone.

[0070] In some such embodiments, the baseplate 1210 is a at least two-piece assembly that includes the baseplate 1210 itself and the central anchor screw 918 described above. Although not visible in FIG. 12, the lower surface of the baseplate 1210 includes at least the bottom of the metal disc-shaped component 924 described above. In some embodiments, instead of molding or overmolding the metal disc-shaped component 924 onto the polyarticular socket component, it can be machined within the baseplate 1210 or as an integral part of the baseplate 1210 (e.g., omitting one or more recesses 1120 on the upper surface. Such an "upper surface" is no longer the outer surface and is in an internal position of the baseplate 1210).

[0071] The baseplate 1210 includes a central tapered portion 1214 that extends from the upper surface of the baseplate 1210. The central tapered portion 1214 has a generally tapered cylindrical shape. The central tapered portion 1214 includes recesses and an opening 1216 on the upper surface. At least the central portion of the opening 1216 passes completely through the baseplate 1210 such that an implant lock screw 927 is received through the recess 1216, extends through the opening 1216 at the lower surface of the baseplate, and its threads are adapted to engage the complementary threads of the head of the central anchor screw 918 and, optionally, the threads within the opening 1104 of the metal disc-shaped component 924.

[0072] The base plate 1210 also includes a plurality of peripheral openings 1215 each receiving a respective peripheral screw 312, which, as described above, is configured to prevent unwanted rotation of the base plate 1210. The base plate 1210 has a thickness T20 of about 4.0 - 5.0 mm, such as 4.27 mm. The central tapered portion 1214 extends for a distance T19 of about 8.5 - 9.5 mm, such as 8.89 mm.

[0073] The glenosphere component 1200 has a generally convex shape configured to substantially reproduce or mimic the ball of the shoulder and socket joint. The present disclosure contemplates several options for the glenosphere component 1220, some of which are shown in FIG. 36. For example, but not limited to, the convex portion of the glenosphere 1220 can have a diameter and / or proportional radius of curvature of 32 mm, 36 mm, 40 mm, or 44 mm. In some embodiments, the 32 mm option has a 2 mm lateral offset (see, e.g., COR32 - 6 in FIG. 36). In some embodiments, the 32 mm option has a 4 mm lateral offset (see, e.g., COR32 - 8 in FIG. 36). In some embodiments, the 36 mm option has a 10 mm lateral offset (see, e.g., COR36 + 4 in FIG. 36). In some embodiments, the 40 mm option has an 8 mm lateral offset (see, e.g., COR40 + 4 in FIG. 36). In some embodiments, the 40N sphere option has a hood large enough to cover the base plate wedge (see, e.g., base plate wedge 1910 in FIG. 19) and, for example, has a 4 mm offset (see, e.g., COR40N in FIG. 36).

[0074] The Glenosphere component 1220 includes a recess 1224 in a bottom surface configured to receive and frictionally engage with the central tapered portion 1214. Thus, in some embodiments, the recess 1224 has a complementary taper to the taper of the central tapered portion 1214 of the base plate 1210. In some embodiments, the Glenosphere component 1220 includes an opening 1229 disposed on an opposite side of the recess 1224 and configured to receive an implant lock screw (not shown, see, e.g., 927). Such an implant lock screw is configured to secure the Glenosphere component 1220 to the base plate 1210, and can have, for example, a distal thread, which is the head of the implant lock screw 927 (after being fixed within the opening 1216), a portion of the base plate 1210 (e.g., within the opening 1216 of the central tapered portion 1214), and / or the head of the central anchor screw 918 (when such an implant lock screw 927 is not used and this implant lock screw is long enough to seat in the opening 1229 while passing through the opening 1216 of the Glenosphere component 1220 and the central tapered portion 1214, and as described above for the implant lock screw 927, its thread engages with the complementary thread of one or both of the metal disc-shaped component 924 and the head of the central anchor screw 918). Any or all of such combinations are contemplated.

[0075] The Glenosphere component 1220 can include a plastic such as UHMWPE. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the Glenosphere component 1220 can further or alternatively include a metal, or other suitable biocompatible material, such as titanium (Ti) and / or a cobalt alloy (e.g., cobalt-chromium (CoCr), cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo)). The central anchor screw 918, the base plate, and the peripheral screw 312 can each include such a metal or other suitable biocompatible material.

[0076] Figures 13-14 show yet another exemplary embodiment of a modular system 1300 for shoulder arthroplasty. The system 1300 incorporates the features of the embodiments shown at least in FIGS. 1-2, FIGS. 5-8, and FIGS. 9-11. For example, the system 1300 includes the central anchor screw 918 and the glenoid component 1320 described above. Accordingly, the system 1300 does not include a baseplate in the sense previously shown in FIGS. 1-4 and FIGS. 7-8. The glenoid component 1320 is also shown as a two-piece assembly that includes an upper portion 1320a and a lower portion 1320b configured to fit into the upper portion 1320a. The upper portion 1320a includes the arcuate upper surface 122 described above. An opening 1325 configured to receive the implant lock screw 927 may also be disposed on the upper surface 122. The upper portion 1320a may also include a patterned surface 1323a (e.g., a lattice pattern of raised elements having any suitable cross-section, such as a square, rectangle, circle, oval, or regular or irregular polygon) on the lower surface.

[0077] The lower portion 1320b also includes a patterned upper surface 1323b having a complementary shape to the patterned bottom surface 1323a of the upper portion 1320a. Also, an opening 1329b is disposed through the lower portion 1320b and is positioned such that when the upper portion 1320a and the lower portion 1320b are attached to each other, the openings 1329 and 1329b are aligned to receive the implant lock screw 927. Although not visible in FIGS. 13-14, the lower surface of the lower portion 1320b of the glenoid component 1320 includes at least the bottom of the metal disc-shaped component 924 described above. Accordingly, the threads of the implant lock screw 927 may be configured to engage complementary threads of one or both of the metal disc-shaped component 924 and the head of the central anchor screw 918. The lower portion 1320b may also include a plurality of spikes 1312 extending from the lower surface. The spikes 1312 are configured to be pressed into the patient's bone when the glenoid component 1320 is connected to the central anchor screw 918 via the implant lock screw 927 and the metal disc-shaped component 924.

[0078] The upper part 1320a can have a thickness T21 of about 5.0 - 6.0 mm, for example 5.13 mm. The lower part 1320b can have a thickness T22 of about 2.0 - 3.0 mm, for example 2.08 mm. Thus, the glenoid component 1320, similar to other embodiments of a part of the glenoid component described herein, has a total thickness T23 (i.e., the thickness of the upper part 1320a and the lower part 1320b when properly assembled) measured between the uppermost peripheral point of the arcuate surface 122 of the glenoid component 1320 and the corresponding lowermost peripheral point of the lower surface of the lower part 1320b, for example 7.0 - 8.0 mm, for example 7.23 mm.

[0079] The upper part 1320a of the glenoid component 1320 can include a plastic such as UHMWPE. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the upper part 1320a can further or alternatively include a metal, or other suitable biocompatible material, for example, titanium (Ti) and / or a cobalt alloy (e.g., cobalt - chromium (CoCr), cobalt - chromium - molybdenum (CoCrMo)). The central anchor screw 918 and the lower part 1320b of the glenoid component 1320 can each include such a metal or other suitable biocompatible material.

[0080] Figures 15 and 16A - 16E show yet another exemplary embodiment of a modular system 1500 for shoulder arthroplasty. The system 1500 includes the central anchor screw 918 described above, a base plate 1510, and a glenoid component 1520. In some embodiments, the system 1500 may be configured to be placed on substantially the surface of the subchondral bone.

[0081] Similar to some of the aforementioned embodiments, the base plate 1510 is believed to be a two-component assembly including a metal base plate 1510 and a central anchor screw 918. As seen within the dashed line frame of FIG. 15, the lower surface of the base plate 1510 includes at least the bottom of a metal disc-shaped component 924 machined within the metal base plate 1510 or as an integral part of the metal base plate 1510, as described above. The base plate 1510 includes recesses and openings 1516 on its upper surface. At least the central portion of the opening 1516 completely penetrates the base plate 1510 such that an implant lock screw 927 is configured to pass through and / or be threaded into the opening 1516 to engage complementary threads of one or both of the metal disc-shaped component 924 (e.g., the lowermost portion of the opening 1516) and the head of the central anchor screw 918. The base plate 1510 also includes a plurality of peripheral openings 1515 each configured to generally receive the aforementioned peripheral screws 312.

[0082] The glenoid component 1520 includes the arcuate upper surface 122 described above. An opening 1529 is disposed in the arcuate upper surface 122 and is configured to receive an implant lock screw 1627, which is configured to fix the glenoid component 1520 to the base plate 1510 by engaging its threads with complementary threads of at least one of the base plate 1510 (e.g., the inner wall of the upper portion of the opening 1516) and / or the head of the implant lock screw 927 that fixes the base plate 1510 to the underlying central anchor screw 918.

[0083] The glenoid component 1520 includes a central tapered portion 1524 that extends from the lower surface. The central tapered portion 1524 is configured to press-fit and taper or frictionally engage within the upper portion of the opening 1516 of the base plate 1510 such that the lower surface of the glenoid component 1520 is in direct contact with the upper surface of the base plate 1510. In some embodiments, the lower surface of the glenoid component 1520 includes a recess 1521 that is configured such that at least a portion of the base plate 1510 can be positioned within the recess 1521 when the glenoid component 1520 is properly coupled to the base plate 1510. The glenoid component 1520 can also include a plurality of snap-fit mechanisms (e.g., tapered ribs) 1526 that are configured to snap-fit and / or frictionally engage in proper alignment and couple to a mating mechanism 1611 disposed on the upper surface of the base plate 1510 when the glenoid component 1520 is pushed into the base plate 1510 with sufficient force. In some embodiments, the mating mechanism 1611 can include a discontinuous portion of a circular tapered groove centered about the opening 1516, whereby the glenoid component 1520 can be coupled to the base plate 1510 in any of a variety of relative orientations.

[0084] The glenoid component 1520, the base plate 1510, and the central anchor screw 918 can each include metal, or other suitable biocompatible materials such as titanium (Ti) and / or cobalt alloys (e.g., cobalt-chromium (CoCr), cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo)).

[0085] The two - part base plate assembly 1510, which includes a metal base plate 1510 and a central anchor screw 918 connected to each other using an implant lock screw, is universal and can thus also be used in the reverse glenosphere system 1700 shown in FIG. 17. For example, after the central anchor screw 918 is fixed in the patient's bone and the base plate 1510 is fixed to the central anchor screw 918, instead of press - fitting the glenoid fossa component 1520 onto the fixed base plate 1510, a double - taper adapter (trunion) 1730 can be used to connect the glenosphere 1220 to the base plate 1510.

[0086] In some such embodiments, the double - taper adapter 1730 includes a central portion 1736, a first tapered portion 1732 extending from the central portion 1736 in a first direction, and a second tapered portion 1734 extending from the central portion 1736 in a second direction opposite the first direction. The first tapered portion 1732 is configured to taper or friction - fit within a recess 1224 on the lower surface of the glenosphere 1220. The second tapered portion 1734 is configured to taper or friction - fit within the upper part of an opening 1516 on the upper surface of the base plate 1510.

[0087] In some embodiments, the double taper trunion 1730 can be secured to the baseplate 1510 using a similar implant lock screw disposed in the central opening of the double taper trunion. Similarly, the glenoid sphere 1220 can be secured to the double taper trunion 1730 using another similar implant lock screw that is disposed through the opening 1229 and engages the complementary threads of at least one of the heads of the implant lock screw that secures the double taper trunion 1730 and / or the double taper trunion 1730 to the baseplate 1510. In yet other embodiments, the implant lock screws can be omitted by using a single implant lock screw that seats within the opening 1229, passes through the central openings of the glenoid sphere 1220 and the double taper trunion 1730, and has threads that engage the complementary threads of at least one of the baseplate 1510 (e.g., the inner wall of the upper portion of the opening 1516) and / or the head of the implant lock screw 927 (see, e.g., FIGS. 16A - 16E) that secures the baseplate 1510 to the lower central anchor screw 918 for a length sufficient to effect the engagement.

[0088] Figures 18A - 19B show exemplary embodiments similar to those shown in FIGS. 9 - 11, except that in FIGS. 18A and 18B, a first type of glenoid fossa wedge component 1820 is used instead of the glenoid fossa component 920, and in FIGS. 19A and 19B, a second type of glenoid fossa wedge component 1920 is used instead of the glenoid fossa component 920. Thus, all features of FIGS. 18A - 18B and FIGS. 19A - 19B have the same reference numerals as the corresponding features described in connection with FIGS. 9 - 11, except for the differences specifically described below for the first glenoid fossa wedge component 1820 and / or the second glenoid fossa wedge component 1920.

[0089] As shown in FIGS. 18A and 18B, the glenoid wedge component 1820 includes an arcuate upper surface 122 in which an opening (not shown, see, for example, 929 in FIG. 10A) is disposed. A first portion 1821a, for example, half of the lower surface of the glenoid wedge component 1820, extends in a first plane, and a second portion 1821b, for example, half of the lower surface of the glenoid wedge component 1820, extends from the first portion 1821a in a second plane that is rotated or offset by a predetermined angle relative to the first plane. In some embodiments, the first plane is substantially perpendicular (i.e., vertical) to the axial direction of the extension of the central anchor screw 918. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 18A, the predetermined angle of the second plane relative to the first plane is about 5°. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 18B, the predetermined angle of the second plane relative to the first plane is about 7°. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and any other suitable angle is also contemplated. As shown and described above, the disc-shaped component 924 is molded, overmolded, or press-fitted into the center of the lower surface of the glenoid wedge component 1820.

[0090] As shown in FIGS. 19A and 19B, the glenoid wedge component 1920 includes an arcuate upper surface 122 in which an opening (not shown, see, for example, 929 in FIG. 9) is disposed. The lower surface 1921 of the glenoid wedge component 1920 extends in a plane that is rotated or offset by a predetermined angle relative to a plane that is perpendicular (i.e., vertical) to the axial direction of the extension of the central anchor screw 918. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 19A, the predetermined angle is about 5°. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 19B, the predetermined angle is about 7°. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and any other suitable angle is also contemplated. As shown and described above, the disc-shaped component 924 is similarly molded, overmolded, or press-fitted into the center of the lower surface 1921 of the glenoid wedge component 1920.

[0091] Furthermore, the glenoid wedge components 1820, 1920 shown in FIGS. 18A-19B are used, for example, in conjunction with the systems of FIGS. 9-11, but it is also contemplated for any of the systems herein that, if any glenoid baseplate, or such baseplate is not used, at least the lower surface portion of the glenoid component may be modified to have similar planar features.

[0092] FIG. 20 shows another exemplary embodiment of a modular system 2000 for shoulder arthroplasty. The system 2000 includes a baseplate 2010, a central anchor screw 918, and a glenosphere component 1220 that includes recesses 1224 and openings 1229 for receiving implant locking screws. In some embodiments, the system 2000 may be configured to be placed on substantially the surface of the subchondral bone.

[0093] The baseplate 2010 includes at least a two-component assembly of the baseplate 2010 itself and the central anchor screw 918. Similar to the baseplate 1210 of FIG. 12, the baseplate 2010 includes a plurality of peripheral openings 2015 for receiving respective peripheral screws (not shown, see 312 in FIG. 3), a central tapered portion 2014 that extends from the upper surface of the baseplate 2010 (and is configured to taper or frictionally fit within the recess 1224 on the lower surface of the glenosphere 1220), and at least the bottom of a metal disc-shaped component 924 disposed and / or machined on the lower surface.

[0094] The central tapered portion 2014 includes recesses and openings 2016 on the upper surface. At least the central portion of the opening 2016 passes completely through the baseplate 2010 such that an implant locking screw (not shown, see, for example, 927 in FIG. 9) is received through the recess 2016, extends out through the opening 2016 on the lower surface of the baseplate 2010, and its threads are configured to engage complementary threads on one or both of the heads of the metal disc-shaped component 924 and the central anchor screw 918.

[0095] The base plate 2010 also includes a plurality of peripheral openings 2015 (not shown, but see 312 in FIGS. 3 and 4 for example) each receiving a peripheral screw, and the peripheral screws are configured to fix the base plate 2010 to the patient's bone around the central anchor screw 918.

[0096] The lower surface of the base plate 2010 can have similar features as the lower surfaces of the glenoid fossa wedge components 1820, 1920 in FIGS. 18 and 19. For example, a first portion 2021a, for example, half of the lower surface of the glenoid fossa wedge component 2020, extends in a first plane, and a second portion 2021b, for example, half of the lower surface of the glenoid fossa wedge component 2020, extends from the first portion 2021a to a second plane that is rotated or offset by a predetermined angle compared to the first plane. In some embodiments, the first plane is substantially perpendicular (i.e., vertical) to the axial direction of the extension of the central anchor screw 918. In an embodiment, the predetermined angle of the second plane with respect to the first plane is about 5°, about 7°, or any other suitable angle.

[0097] The base plate 2010 includes metal or other suitable biocompatible materials, such as titanium (Ti) and / or cobalt alloys (e.g., cobalt-chromium (CoCr), cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo)).

[0098] FIGS. 21, 22A, and 22B show another exemplary all-metal embodiment of a modular system 2100 for shoulder arthroplasty. The system 2100 includes a base plate 2110 and a glenoid fossa component 2120. In some such embodiments, the base plate 2110 may be configured to be inserted under the subchondral bone.

[0099] As described above, the base plate 2110 includes a two-piece assembly including the base plate 2110 itself and a central compression screw 118 configured to properly align, fix, and compress the base plate 2110 against and / or within the patient's bone. The base plate 2110 includes a central boss portion 2114 extending from the lower surface, having features similar to those of the base plate 310 in FIG. 3, and includes, for example, recesses and openings 2116 on the upper surface. At least the central portion of the opening 2116 completely penetrates the base plate 2110 so that the central compression screw 118 is received through the recess 2116 and extends out through the opening 2116 at the lower surface of the base plate 2110. When the central compression screw 118 is properly tightened against the patient's bone, the head of the central compression screw 118 is completely disposed within the recess 2116 under the substantially flat upper surface of the base plate 2110. In some embodiments, the opening 2116 has a diameter sufficient to accommodate a central compression screw having a diameter of 6.5 mm and / or 8.0 mm.

[0100] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the outer surface of the central boss portion 2114 includes a porous metal layer, as described above. The base plate 2110 also includes a plurality of peripheral openings 2115 for receiving the respective peripheral screws 312, as described above.

[0101] As shown in FIG. 21, the upper surface of the base plate 2110 has a thickness T24 of 2.0 - 3.0 mm, for example 2.08 mm. The base of the central boss portion 2114 can have a diameter of about 11.5 mm, and the distal end of the central boss portion 2114 can have a diameter of about 10.5 mm, which can be about 1.5 mm larger than the central boss portion in some of the above-described embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 21, the central boss 2114 extends from the lower surface of the base plate 2110 by a length T25. Exemplary values of T25 include 10.5 - 11.5 mm, for example 10.83 mm. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and T24 and T25 can have any suitable values.

[0102] The glenoid component 2120 includes the aforementioned arcuate upper surface 122. The glenoid component 2120 includes a central tapered portion 2124 extending from the lower surface, and the central tapered portion 2124 is configured to press-fit and taper or frictionally fit within the opening 2116 of the base plate 2110 such that the lower surface of the glenoid component 2120 is in direct contact with the upper surface of the base plate 2110. The glenoid component 2120 has a thickness T26 measured between the uppermost peripheral point of the arcuate surface 122 of the glenoid component 2120 and the corresponding lowermost peripheral point of the lower surface. Exemplary values of T26 include 7.0 - 8.0 mm, such as 7.4 mm.

[0103] In some embodiments, at least a portion 2121 of the lower surface of the glenoid component 2120 may be recessed such that at least a portion of the base plate 2110 can seat in that portion 2121 when the glenoid component 2120 and the base plate 2110 are properly positioned relative to each other.

[0104] The glenoid component 2120 also includes a through-opening 2129 configured to receive an implant lock screw 2127, and the implant lock screw 2127 secures the glenoid component 2120 to the base plate 2110 by engaging its threads with at least one complementary thread of the base plate 2110 (e.g., the inner wall of the upper part of the opening 2116) and / or the head of the central compression screw 118. In some embodiments, a screw cap cover 2150 is configured to be mounted within the opening 2129 of the arcuate upper surface 122 of the glenoid component 2120 and on the implant lock screw 2127 to ensure a substantially continuous smooth transition between the arcuate upper surface 122 and the directly adjacent edge of the screw cap cover 2150.

[0105] The glenoid component 2120 has a thickness T26 measured between the uppermost peripheral point of the arcuate surface 122 of the glenoid component 2120 and the corresponding lowermost peripheral point of the lower surface. In some embodiments, the system 2100 is sized such that the overall thickness of the system 100 extending over the patient's bone is about 4.2 mm.

[0106] The glenoid component 2120 and the base plate 2110 can each include metal, or other suitable biocompatible materials, such as titanium (Ti) and / or cobalt alloys (e.g., cobalt-chromium (CoCr), cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo)).

[0107] The two-piece base plate assembly 2110 including the metal base plate 2110 and the central compression screw 118 is universal and can thus also be used in the reverse glenosphere system 2300 shown in FIGS. 23A and 23B. For example, instead of fixing the base plate 2110 to and / or within the patient's bone (e.g., the central compression screw 118 and the peripheral screws 312 are each properly fixed) and then fixing the glenoid component 2120 by press-fitting it into the fixed base plate 2110, a double-taper adapter (trunion) 2330 can be used to connect the glenosphere 1220 to the base plate 2110.

[0108] In some embodiments, the double-taper trunion 2330 is substantially similar to the double-taper trunion 1730 of FIG. 17 and has a similar central portion 2336, a first tapered portion 2332, and a second tapered portion 2334.

[0109] The implant lock screw 2327 passes through the opening 1229 extending through the glenosphere 2320, is disposed through the central opening of the double-taper adapter 2330, and engages the thread on the distal tip thereof with the complementary thread on the upper portion of the central compression screw 118, so that by using a single implant lock screw, both the glenosphere 2320 and the double-taper adapter 2330 can be fixed to the base plate 2110. This arrangement can be more easily understood in the cross-sectional view of at least the adapter 2330, the base plate 2110, and the central compression screw 118 shown in FIG. 23B. In this way, the implant lock screw 2327 obviates the need for a separate implant lock screw for the double-taper adapter 2330, thus reducing the risk of unnecessary modularity and assistant confusion for the operator. In some embodiments, the head of the implant lock screw 2327 includes a tightening mechanism adapted to a hex drive. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the head can include a tightening mechanism adapted to any other suitable type of drive, such as a Torx drive.

[0110] In some embodiments, for example, as shown in FIGS. 24 to 26, before the packaging of the implant by the manufacturer, for example, the screw snap ring 2400 can be used to pre-assemble and hold the base plate 2110 and the central compression screw 118. FIG. 25 is an exploded view showing that the central compression screw 118 is disposed through the opening 2116 of the base plate 2110 and is held by pressing the screw snap ring 2400 into the opening 2116 and onto the central compression screw 118. FIG. 25 also shows the manner in which the peripheral screw 312 is disposed through the opening 2115 and extends alongside the central boss portion 2114, and the manner in which the central taper portion 2124 fits into the opening 2116 and the opening 2129 passing through the center of the articular fossa component 2120 and the central taper portion 2124 is aligned with the central compression screw 118, and the articular fossa component 2120 is attached to the base plate 2110. FIG. 26A is a bottom perspective view of the system 2100, and FIG. 26B is a top perspective view of the system 2100.

[0111] Figures 27 to 30 show different implementation forms of the base plate 2110 adapted to different implementation forms of the central compression screw 118 having different dimensions. For example, in Figure 27, the central compression screw 118aa has a length of about 25 mm, a shaft diameter of about 3 mm, and a tooth diameter of about 6.5 mm. In Figure 28, the central compression screw 118ab has a length of about 30 mm, but has the same shaft diameter and tooth diameter as in Figure 27. In Figure 29, the central compression screw 118ba has a length of about 30 mm, a shaft diameter of about 4.5 mm, and a tooth diameter of about 8 mm. In Figure 30, the central compression screw 118bb has a length of about 40 mm, but has the same shaft diameter and tooth diameter as in Figure 29. One aspect shown in Figures 27 to 30 is that the heads of the central compression screws 118aa and 118ab having a tooth diameter of 6.5 mm can be enlarged from the original dimensions so as to match or have substantially the same dimensions as the heads of the central compression screws 118ba and 118bb having a tooth diameter of 8 mm. In such an embodiment, the same base plate can be used for applications using the 6.5 mm or 8 mm central compression screw 118 having the same head dimensions.

[0112] Conversely, in some other embodiments where the central compression screw 118 having teeth of different diameters has heads of different dimensions, another implementation form of the base plate 2110 can be used, each having a central boss portion 2114 of a different size adapted to the head of the central compression screw 118 having a specific size.

[0113] Figures 31 to 34 show embodiments of the base plate 2110, such as base plates 2110a to 2110d, having central boss portions of different diameters adapted to different dimensions of the central compression screw 118, for example, exemplary central compression screws 118a to 118d. In some such embodiments, the central boss portions 2114a to 2114d of the base plates 2110a to 2110d can also have different extension depths (or lengths) compared to the aforementioned central boss portions and / or compared to each other. For example, in some cases, they have a shorter extension length and / or have different diameters according to and / or adapted to the sizes of the corresponding central compression screws 118a to 118d.

[0114] For example, in FIG. 31, the central compression screw 118a has a tooth diameter of about 6.5 mm, and the opening 2116a of the base plate 2110a is sized appropriately accordingly. In FIG. 32, the central compression screw 118b has a tooth diameter of about 8 mm, and the opening 2116b of the base plate 2110b is sized appropriately, for example, larger than the opening 2116a. In FIG. 33, the central compression screw 118c has a tooth diameter of about 8.5 mm, and the opening 2116c of the base plate 2110c is sized appropriately, for example, larger than the openings 2116a and 2116b. In FIG. 34, the central compression screw 118d has a tooth diameter of about 9 mm, and the opening 2116d of the base plate 2110d is sized appropriately, for example, larger than the openings 2116a - 2116c. Some such embodiments provide central compression screws of larger diameter to address increased bone loss and / or poor bone quality in the patient.

[0115] FIGS. 35A - 35G show different views of an alternative base plate wedge 3510 for use with, for example, other components of the system 2100 or other components of the system 3700 of FIG. 37 described below. FIG. 35A shows a side view. FIG. 35B shows a cross - sectional view. FIG. 35C shows a top view. FIG. 35D shows a top perspective view. FIG. 35E shows another top perspective view. FIG. 35F shows a bottom perspective view. FIG. 35G shows another bottom perspective view.

[0116] The base plate wedge 3510 includes a generally planar upper surface that is perpendicular (i.e., at a right angle) to the axial direction of the extension of the central compression screw 118. The upper surface includes an opening 3516 and a peripheral opening 3515 that are generally similar to the corresponding openings described above in connection with the base plate 2100 of FIG. 21. The lower surface of the base plate wedge 3510 extends in a plane that is rotated or offset by a predetermined angle relative to the plane of the upper surface. In some embodiments, the predetermined angle is about 7°. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and any other suitable angle is contemplated. Such an embodiment of a 7 mm full wedge may correlate to an AltiVate Anatomic all-poly 7 mm extended acetabular insert component that enables the use of aspects of the instrumentation of an extended acetabular system.

[0117] The base plate wedge 3510 also includes a central boss 3514 extending from the lower surface that is generally similar to the central boss portion 2114 of the base plate 2110, except for the differences caused by the rotation or offset of the lower surface of the base plate wedge 3510 relative to the plane of the upper surface (e.g., variations in the thickness of the base plate wedge 3510).

[0118] The base plate wedge 3510 can include metal, or other suitable biocompatible materials, such as titanium (Ti) and / or cobalt alloys (e.g., cobalt-chromium (CoCr), cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo)).

[0119] In some embodiments shown in FIGS. 37-39B, system 3700 includes a grenosphere component 3720 configured to be secured to the base plate wedge 3510 described above in connection with FIG. 35. The grenosphere component 3720 may be one version or embodiment of the grenosphere component 1220. The grenosphere component 3720 includes a skirt 3760 extending from a convex portion of the grenosphere component 3720. In some embodiments, the skirt 3760 has a generally cylindrical shape and extends from an upper edge to a lower edge. The upper edge forms a boundary with an adjacent convex portion in a first plane generally parallel to the upper surface of the base plate 3510 when the grenosphere component 3720 is properly secured to the base plate wedge 3510. The lower edge is generally positioned in a second plane rotated by an angle (e.g., 7°) approximately equal to the wedge angle of the base plate 3510 relative to the first plane. In this way, the skirt 3760 generally surrounds the wedge portion of the base plate 3510 and shares the load applied to the base plate 3510 in vivo by contacting or being directly adjacent to the perimeter thereof.

[0120] The cross-sectional view of the system 3700 of FIG. 38 shows in more detail how the double-taper adapter 1730 (see also FIG. 17) and the glenosphere component 3720 (and / or, for example, the glenosphere component 1220) are connected to the corresponding base plate 3510. In some embodiments, the base plate 3510 is fixed to the patient's bone by a central compression screw 118 disposed within a recess and / or opening 3516 on the upper surface of the base plate 3510. Thereafter, one tapered end of the double-taper adapter 1730 is seated within the opening 3516 on top of the head of the central compression screw 118. An implant lock screw 3727a is disposed through the central opening of the double-taper adapter 1730, and its distal thread engages the mating thread of the head of the central compression screw 118. Thereafter, the glenosphere component 3720 can be seated on the opposite tapered end of the double-taper adapter 1730 (for example, the opposite tapered end is received within the recess 3724). The skirt 3760 substantially surrounds the wedge portion of the base plate 3510 to share the load applied to the base plate 3510 in vivo. Another implant lock screw 3727b may be disposed and seated within the opening 3729 such that its distal thread engages the mating thread of the head of the implant lock screw 3727a.

[0121] FIG. 39A shows a different view of one version of the system 3700, namely, the system 3700a comprising a base plate 3510 and a glenosphere component 3720a corresponding to the COR32N embodiment shown in FIG. 36. FIG. 39B shows a different view of another version of the system 3700, namely, the system 3700b comprising a base plate 3510 and a glenosphere component 3720b corresponding to the COR32+4 embodiment shown in FIG. 36.

[0122] The glenosphere components 3720, 3720a, 3720b can comprise metal, or other suitable biocompatible materials, such as titanium (Ti) and / or cobalt alloys (e.g., cobalt-chromium (CoCr), cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo)).

[0123] FIG. 40A shows a different view of system 4000a, which is similar to systems 3700a and 3700b, and includes base plate 3510 and gynos sphere component 4020a. FIG. 40B shows a different view of another system 4000b, which is similar to systems 3700a and 3700b, and includes base plate 3510 and gynos sphere component 4020b. Gynos sphere components 4020a and 4020b may be substantially the same as gynos spheres 3720a and 3720b, except that respective hoods 4060a and 4060b are used instead of skirts 3760a and 3760b. Each hood 4060a and 4060b extends the convex shape of its respective gynos sphere component 4020a and 4020b over an arc that extends between positions that would be the upper and lower edges of respective skirts 3760a and 3760b (see, e.g., FIGS. 39A and 39B). Accordingly, hoods 4060a and 4060b extend the convex surface by a radial angle (e.g., 7°) that is substantially equal to the wedge angle of base plate 3510. In this way, hoods 4060a and 4060b share the load applied to base plate 3510 in vivo by substantially surrounding the perimeter of the wedge portion of base plate 3510. By way of non-limiting example, gynos sphere component 4020a corresponds to the COR44+8 embodiment shown in FIG. 36, and gynos sphere component 4020b corresponds to the COR40N embodiment shown in FIG. 36.

[0124] Gynos sphere components 4020, 4020a, and 4020b can include metal, or other suitable biocompatible materials, such as titanium (Ti) and / or cobalt alloys (e.g., cobalt-chromium (CoCr), cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo)).

[0125] Figures 41A and 41B show several views of yet another modular system 4100 for shoulder arthroplasty. The modular system 4100 includes a glenoid component 4120, a baseplate wedge 4110 with a full wedge, and a central anchor screw 4118 with a modular boss. The central anchor screw 4118 itself includes a proximal boss 4114 instead of the baseplate 4100 with a central boss portion as described above for some embodiments.

[0126] The baseplate wedge 4110 includes a generally planar upper surface that is perpendicular (i.e., at a right angle) to the axial direction of the extension of the central compression screw 118. The upper surface includes a peripheral opening 4115 that is generally similar to the corresponding openings described above in connection with any of the baseplates 3510 of FIGS. 35A-35G. The upper surface also includes an opening 4116 that extends through the baseplate wedge 4110. The lower surface of the baseplate wedge 4110 extends in a plane that is rotated or offset by a predetermined angle relative to the plane of the upper surface. In some embodiments, the predetermined angle is about 7°. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and any other suitable angle is contemplated.

[0127] In contrast to some other embodiments, instead of a base plate wedge 4110 that includes a central boss portion extending from the lower surface, a central anchor screw 4118 with a boss includes a proximal boss 4114 configured to couple within an opening 4116 at the lower surface of the base plate 4110. For example, without limitation, the inner surface of the opening 4116 can include a locking mechanism 4119a, and the proximal boss 4114 can include a complementary locking mechanism 4119b configured to engage the locking mechanism 4119a. In some embodiments, the locking mechanisms 4119a and 4119b include a bayonet lock-type mechanism. In some embodiments, the proximal boss 4114 includes a thread 4115 configured to engage the patient's bone when the central anchor screw 4118 with a boss is pushed into the patient's bone to a desired depth. However, the proximal boss 4114 can additionally or alternatively include a porous layer configured to assist in bone bonding and ingrowth. Thus, the operator can push the central anchor screw 4118 with a boss into the patient's bone to a desired depth, and the thread 4115 (if present) bites into the patient's bone to secure the central anchor screw 4118 with a boss to the bone. Thereafter, the operator can snap-fit the base plate wedge 4110 onto the central anchor screw 4118 with a boss by inserting the proximal end of the central anchor screw 4118 with a boss into the opening 4116 from the lower surface of the base plate wedge 4110 until the locking mechanisms 4119a and 4119b engage each other. In such an embodiment, by snap-fitting the base plate 4110 onto the central anchor screw 4118 with a boss, the central anchor screw 4118 with a boss can compress the base plate 4110 to a desired position after assembly, similar to the central compression screw 118.

[0128] As shown in FIGS. 41A and 41B, the glenoid component 4120 may be substantially the same as that described above in connection with, for example, FIG. 26. Thus, the glenoid component 4120 can include an arcuate upper surface 122, a lower recess 4121, and a central tapered portion 4124 extending from the lower surface, with an opening 4129 disposed in the upper surface 122 and configured to extend through the glenoid component 4120 to receive an implant lock screw (not shown). Such an implant lock screw can include a distal thread configured to engage a complementary thread of at least one of the base plate wedge 4110 (e.g., the inner wall of the upper portion of the opening 4116) and / or the proximal boss 4114 of the bossed central anchor screw 4118.

[0129] The glenoid component 4120 and the base plate wedge 4110 can each include metal, or other suitable biocompatible materials, such as titanium (Ti) and / or cobalt alloys (e.g., cobalt-chromium (CoCr), cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo)).

[0130] Throughout the present disclosure, central screws are often used in a compression role (e.g., central compression screw 118). That is, after the central compression screw 118 is properly positioned and tightened within the patient's bone, it compresses the base plate or anchor boss against and / or into a fixed position within the patient's bone. Any of the embodiments disclosed herein in which the central compression screw 118 is used to fix another component (e.g., a base plate or anchor boss) to the patient's bone can have several interrelated features between the central compression screw 118 (e.g., 118a in FIG. 42 and 118b in FIG. 43) and the opening in which the central compression screw 118 is disposed.

[0131] For example, without limitation, FIG. 42 shows a cross-sectional view of an exemplary base plate 4210 and a central compression screw 118a. The base plate 4210 includes a central boss portion 4214 extending from the upper surface, an opening 4216 disposed through the central boss portion 4214 and the base plate 4210, and a peripheral opening 4215 for receiving the aforementioned peripheral screw 312. In some embodiments, for example, as described anywhere in the present disclosure, the base plate 4210 can be used in a reverse total knee arthroplasty configured such that the central boss portion 4214 engages the glenosphere component.

[0132] The opening 4216 is configured to receive the central compression screw 118a therethrough such that the head of the central compression screw 118a seats on the smaller diameter at the distal portion of the opening 4216. The opening 4216 can include a set of one or more threads, such as an upper set configured to engage the complementary threads of a set screw 4217 or the aforementioned implant locking screw, and a lower set configured to engage the complementary threads 119 of the head of the central compression screw 118b, if present (see, for example, FIG. 43).

[0133] In the embodiment according to FIG. 42, the head of the central compression screw 118a has a substantially smooth outer surface in that it does not include threads configured to engage at least a lower set of complementary threads within the small-diameter distal portion of the opening 4216. Thus, in FIG. 42, the central compression screw 118a does not threadedly engage the base plate 4210. The set screw 4217 also includes threads configured to threadedly engage an upper set of complementary threads in the proximal portion of the opening 4216. The set screw 4217 may be configured to prevent the central compression screw 118a from backing out in vivo when properly seated within the opening 4216 as shown. In some embodiments, the threads of the set screw 4217 can have a “left-right” orientation opposite to that of the threads of the central compression screw 118a so as to resist and / or counteract the torque applied to the assembly in vivo (e.g., left if the threads of screw 118a are right, right if the threads of screw 118a are left). The present disclosure contemplates, but does not require, using this opposite left-right for the threads of any of the implant locking screws described herein.

[0134] As a contrasting but non-limiting example, FIG. 43 shows a cross-sectional view of a central compression screw 118b having threads 4319 complementary to the lower threads within the small-diameter distal portion of the base plate 4210, the set screw 4217, and the opening 4216 in the head. Thus, the central compression screw 118b threadedly engages the base plate 4210 when properly seated within the opening 4216.

[0135] The use of a set screw to lock the central screw is not limited to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 42 and 43. For example, FIG. 44 shows an embodiment of a modular system 4400 for use in shoulder arthroplasty. The system 4400 includes a glenoid component 4420 and a base plate 4410 that is fixed to bone by a central compression screw 118 that locks itself instead of a set screw 4417.

[0136] The glenoid component 4420 may be substantially similar to the aforementioned glenoid component (e.g., 2120 of FIG. 21 and / or 4120 of FIG. 41) including an arcuate upper surface 122 and optionally a recess 4421 on the lower surface. Although not visible in FIG. 44, the glenoid component 4420 includes a central tapered portion (see, e.g., 4124 of FIG. 41) extending from the lower surface of the glenoid component 4420 within the recess 4421. Also, although not shown in FIG. 44, the arcuate upper surface 122 can include an opening (see, e.g., 4129 of FIG. 41) configured to receive an implant locking screw, and the implant locking screw has a distal thread configured to engage with the complementary threads of the set screw 4417, the head of the central compression screw 118, and / or the sidewall of the central opening 4416 on the upper surface of the base plate 4410 as described below, thereby screw-fixing the glenoid component 4420 to the base plate 4410.

[0137] The base plate 4410 includes a central opening 4416 configured to receive the central compression screw 118 and then the set screw 4417. Thus, the opening 4416, the central compression screw 118, and the set screw 4417 are substantially corresponding to those described in relation to FIG. 42 and / or FIG. 43, and can have similar features thereto, except that the central boss portion 4414 extends from the lower surface rather than the upper surface of the base plate 4410 as shown in FIGS. 42 and 43.

[0138] In some such embodiments, the interior of the set screw 4417 can include a tapered recess configured to receive a central tapered portion extending from the lower surface of the glenoid component 4420 within the recess 4421 of the glenoid component 4420. In some other embodiments, the set screw 4417 can have a sufficiently low profile (e.g., having a sufficiently low height) in that the central tapered portion extending from the lower surface of the glenoid component 4420 within the recess 4421 is fully seated within the opening 4416 on the upper surface of the base plate 4410 itself and is configured to have a tapered and / or friction fit with the opening 4416.

[0139] The glenoid component 4420, the baseplate 4410, and the set screw 4417 can each include metal, or other suitable biocompatible materials such as titanium (Ti) and / or cobalt alloys (e.g., cobalt-chromium (CoCr), cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo)).

[0140] FIG. 45 shows yet another exemplary embodiment of a modular system 4500 for shoulder arthroplasty. The system 4500 includes the glenosphere component 1220 described above, the baseplate 4410 of FIG. 44 configured to be fixed to a patient's bone by a central compression screw 118, and a threaded glenosphere adapter 4530.

[0141] The baseplate 4410 is configured to receive the central compression screw 118 through a central opening 4416. When the central compression screw 118 is properly set and tightened, at least the threaded portion 4534 of the glenosphere adapter 4530 is screwed into an upper set of threads of the proximal portion of the opening 4416, substantially similar to the set screw 4417 of FIG. 44, instead of using the set screw 4417. The tapered portion 4532 of the glenosphere adapter 4530 is disposed adjacent to the threaded portion 4534 and is configured to extend from the upper surface of the baseplate 4410 when the threaded portion 4534 is properly screwed into the opening 4416. When the tapered portion 4532 is properly seated within a recess 1224 (not shown, see e.g., FIG. 12) of the glenosphere component 1220, the implant lock screw 4527 can be disposed through the central opening of the adapter 4530 into the opening 1229 of the glenosphere component 1220. The distal threads of the implant lock screw 4527 are configured to engage complementary threads of at least one of the central opening of the adapter 4539, the opening 4416 of the baseplate 4410, or the head of the central compression screw 118 described above.

[0142] Thus, the Glenosphere adapter 4530 as an integral component is configured to act as both a set screw for the central compression screw 118 and an adapter for connecting the Glenosphere component 1220 to the base plate 4410. The threading necessary to act as a set screw also serves the function of fixing the adapter 4530 to the base plate 4410. The adapter 4530 also improves depth accuracy with components that each contribute less tolerance to the depth accuracy stack. The above are all examples of the adapter 4530 where one function is used simultaneously for another previously unrelated function.

[0143] Figure 46 shows yet another exemplary embodiment of a modular system 4600 for shoulder arthroplasty. In some embodiments, the system 4600 may be configured to be placed on substantially the surface of the subchondral bone. The system 4600 does not include a base plate. Instead, the system 4600 includes a bossed head 4614 and a bossed central anchor screw 4618 having threads configured to bite into the patient's bone. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the bossed head 4614 of the bossed central anchor screw 4618 is coated with a porous metal coating configured to assist bone bonding after implantation or is otherwise formed to have a porous metal coating. In some embodiments, the bossed head 4614 includes a mating or locking mechanism (not shown, e.g., teeth, protrusions, and / or ridges) configured to engage a metal disc-shaped component 4624 of the glenoid fossa component 4620, as will be described in more detail below.

[0144] In some embodiments, instead of using the metal disc-shaped component 924, the articular fossa component 4620 is a multi-component assembly that is substantially similar to the articular fossa component 920 of FIGS. 9-11, except that the metal disc-shaped component 4624 is formed, integrally formed, cast, rolled from the same piece of metal or metal alloy as the articular fossa component 4620, or inserted into the bottom surface of the articular fossa component 4620 (e.g., including similar concave and convex protrusions 4626). The metal disc-shaped component 4624 provides a key interface between the articular fossa component 4620 and the central anchor screw 4618 with a boss. The metal disc-shaped component 4624 has a shape factor that is substantially circular and includes an opening 4604 configured to receive the implant lock screw 4627 therethrough (the implant lock screw 4627 is inserted into an opening in the arcuate upper surface 122 that is not visible in FIG. 46). The metal disc-shaped component 4624 also includes a plurality of flexible fingers or extensions 4606 that extend from the bottom surface and that together define at least the distal portion of the opening 4604. When the implant lock screw 4627 is disposed through the opening 4604, the implant lock screw 4627 physically contacts and applies a force to the inner surface of the extension 4606, deflecting the inner surface outwardly (e.g., radially) to mechanically engage the mating or locking mechanism of the proximal boss 4614 of the central anchor screw 4618 with a boss. As best shown in FIG. 48, the distal tip of each extension 4606 can include a serrated, raised, thickened, and / or discontinuous thread that is divided respectively, and this thread is configured to "latch" around or substantially immobile with respect to the mating mechanism that couples the extension 4606 to the articular fossa component 4620.

[0145] The articular fossa component 4620 and the central anchor screw 4618 with a boss can each include a metal or other suitable biocompatible material, such as titanium (Ti) and / or a cobalt alloy (e.g., cobalt-chromium (CoCr), cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo)).

[0146] FIG. 47 shows yet another exemplary embodiment of a modular system 4700 for shoulder arthroplasty. The system 4700 includes a glenoid component 4620 of FIG. 46 and an anchor boss 514 and a central compression screw 118 of FIG. 5. In some embodiments, the system 4700 may be configured to be placed substantially on the surface rather than under the surface of the subchondral bone.

[0147] Similar to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the system 4700 also does not include a baseplate. Instead, the system 4700 includes a first two-piece assembly that includes an anchor boss 514 and a central compression screw 118. As described above, an opening 516 is configured to receive the central compression screw 118, and when the central compression screw 118 is tightened to a desired degree and the anchor boss 514 is properly positioned and fixed to the patient's bone that has been prepared, the head of the central compression screw 118 is completely disposed within the opening 516 under the substantially flat upper surface of the anchor boss 514. In some embodiments, similar to the proximal boss 4614 of the bossed central anchor screw 4618 of FIG. 46, the inner surface of the proximal portion of the opening may include a mating or locking mechanism (not shown, e.g., teeth, protrusions, and / or ridges) configured to engage the metal disc-shaped component 4624 of the glenoid component 4620.

[0148] The metal disc-shaped component 4624 provides a key interface between the glenoid component 4620 and at least one of the inner surface of the opening 516 in the anchor boss 514 and the inner surface of the opening 516 of the central screw 118. When the implant lock screw 4627 is disposed through the opening 4604, the implant lock screw 4627 physically contacts the inner surface of the extension 4606, deflecting the inner surface outwardly (e.g., radially) and mechanically engaging at least the above portion of the anchor boss 514 within the opening 516. In some embodiments, at least the distal threads (not shown) of the implant lock screw 4627 may also be configured to threadedly engage mating threads (not shown) of the head of the central compression screw 118.

[0149] The bossed central anchor screw 4618 of FIG. 46, or the assembly of anchor boss 514 and central compression screw 118 also shown in FIGS. 5, 6, and 47, can also be used as part of a system 4800 comprising the aforementioned glenosphere 1220 and glenosphere base plate 4810. The base plate 4800 can have a configuration substantially similar to the base plate 1210 of FIG. 12 or the base plate 2010 of FIG. 20, except that instead of using the metal disc-shaped component 924, the metal disc-shaped component 4624 is formed, integrally formed, cast, rolled from the same piece of metal or metal alloy as the acetabular base plate 4810, or inserted into the bottom surface of the acetabular base plate 4810.

[0150] Thus, as shown in FIG. 48, the opening 4816 can extend to and become the opening 4604 around which the flexible extension 4606 is disposed. The metal disc-shaped component 4624 provides a key interface between the base plate 4810 and the bossed central anchor screw 4618 or the anchor boss 514. When the implant lock screw 4827 is disposed through the openings 4816, 4604, the implant lock screw 4627 physically contacts and applies a force to the inner surface of the extension 4606, deflecting the inner surface outwardly (e.g., radially) and mechanically engaging the proximal boss 4614 of the bossed central anchor screw 4618 or the above-described portion of the opening 516 of the anchor boss 514. In some embodiments, at least the distal threads (not shown) of the implant lock screw 4627 may also be configured to threadedly engage mating threads (not shown) on the head of the proximal boss 4614 or the central compression screw 118 or the anchor boss 514.

[0151] FIG. 49 shows an overview of the surgical technique for preparing the surface 4905 of the patient's humerus 4900 for use with a convertible modular system for shoulder arthroplasty, as described anywhere in this disclosure, according to some embodiments. Merely by way of example, the baseplate 3510 described above in connection with FIGS. 35A-35G is shown in the technique of FIG. 49. Although certain steps are described in a particular order, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the method or technique for preparing the surface of the patient's humerus can include fewer, additional, or alternative steps in the same order or any other suitable order.

[0152] In frame 4920, a posterior tilt drill is used to prepare a central hole for securing the guide rod 4910. In frame 4930, a reamer 4960 is placed on the guide rod 4910 and the surface 4905 of the patient's bone 4900 is reamed according to the requirements of a particular surgery. In frame 4940, when the baseplate includes peripheral pegs or accommodates peripheral screws, a peripheral peg drill 4970 is used to create holes that will ultimately accommodate any peripheral pegs (see, e.g., 526 in FIG. 5) or peripheral screws 312 (see, e.g., FIGS. 35A-35G) disposed on the bottom surface of the baseplate 3510 as required by the particular features of the baseplate. In frame 4950, a central peg drill is used to create holes that will ultimately accommodate a portion of the central boss 3514 and / or the central compression screw 118 (see, e.g., FIGS. 35A-35G). In frame 4960, the baseplate 3510 is secured to the prepared surface 4905 of the bone 4900, for example, by appropriately inserting, pushing, and tightening the central compression screw 118 and, if used, the subsequent peripheral screws 312 (see, e.g., FIGS. 35A-35G).

[0153] Figures 50A - 53B show an overview of the surgical technique for preparing a patient's scapula for use with a convertible modular system for shoulder arthroplasty, as described anywhere in this disclosure according to some embodiments. Figure 50A shows a perspective view of a portion of the patient's glenoid bone 5000, showing at least a portion (e.g., the surface) of the glenoid 5010. Figure 50A shows a cross - sectional view of the portion shown in Figure 50A.

[0154] Figures 51A - 51E show different views or aspects related to the steps of preparing the glenoid bone 5000 to receive a central anchor screw, such as 918 or as described elsewhere in this disclosure. The central anchor screw is described in relation to at least the systems of Figures 9 - 20, Figures 41A - 41B, Figure 46, and Figure 48. Specifically, the operator uses a drill bit 5110 to create a central hole in the surface 5010 of the bone 5000 for receiving the central anchor screw 918. In some embodiments, the bone 5000 is tapped for a central anchor screw 918 having a thread diameter of about 6.5 mm as described above. In some embodiments, the drill bit 5110 includes a proximal countersink portion 5120 having a larger radius than the distal portion of the drill bit 5110, providing a larger diameter at the proximal end of the central hole that conforms to the outer shape of the central anchor screw 918. In some embodiments, the drill bit 5110 includes a collar stop 5130 configured to prevent the drill bit 5110 and / or the countersink portion 5120 from extending beyond a predetermined distance into the surface 5010 of the bone 5000 (e.g., to set the central anchor screw about 2.0 mm below the glenoid surface 5010). However, the present disclosure is not limited to this, and this value can be adjusted (e.g., between - 1.0 mm and + 3.0 mm).

[0155] In FIGS. 52A - 52D, the central anchor screw 918 is properly positioned within the hole drilled by the drill bit 5110 of FIGS. 51A - 51E, and the guide wire adapter 5210 is disposed or positioned within the smaller diameter of the torque opening of the head of the central anchor screw 918. Thereafter, the guide wire 5220 is coupled to the guide wire adapter 5210. In some embodiments, the guide wire 5220 has a diameter of 2.4 mm, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the guide wire adapter 5210 and the guide wire 5220 are a single integral component. In such embodiments, it is not necessary to couple the guide wire 5220 to the guide wire adapter 5210 in a separate step. The guide wire 5220 can be used, for example, in the next step of reaming the glenoid surface 5010 as needed for a primary TSA, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the preparation can be for any shoulder arthroplasty surgery.

[0156] In FIGS. 53A and 53B, the operator uses a reamer (not shown) optionally threaded onto the guide wire 5220 to ream a portion of the glenoid surface 5010 to form the reamed surface 5020. By holding the guide wire 5220 and / or the adapter 5210 using the same central anchor screw 918 that will later secure the other components of the system, it is ensured that the surface 5020 is accurately and properly reamed to fit snugly onto the bone 5000. The surface 5020 is for illustration only, and for each surgery's needs, a reamed surface of any shape or size in any orientation relative to any other feature of the bone 5000 is contemplated. In some embodiments, (e.g., in applications using the AltiVate half wedge), the preparation of the posterior wedge can also be performed away from the guide wire.

[0157] Once the bone 5000 is properly prepared, the guide wire 5220 and adapter 5210 can be removed and the remaining components of the conforming system described herein can be attached to the central anchor screw 918 described above (see, e.g., at least FIGS. 9-20, FIGS. 41A-41B, FIG. 46, and FIG. 48).

[0158] FIG. 49 shows an exemplary surgery for the humerus and FIGS. 50A-53B show examples for the scapula, but the present disclosure also contemplates performing those exemplary surgeries on the reverse side of the shoulder joint, e.g., on the scapula and humerus, respectively.

[0159] FIGS. 54 and 55A-55C show different views of aspects related to implant removal according to some exemplary embodiments. For example, in some systems according to at least FIGS. 9-20, FIGS. 41A-41B, FIG. 46, and FIG. 48, the central anchor screw 918 is ultimately coupled to a base plate, glenoid component, or glenosphere component by being coupled to the lower surface of a metal disc-shaped component 924 disposed or formed in the overlying base plate, glenoid component, or glenosphere component (see, e.g., FIGS. 9-11). The extraction tool 5400 is specially designed to extract such an overlying base plate, glenoid component, or glenosphere component and the metal disc-shaped component 924 disposed or formed therein in a single extraction.

[0160] The extraction tool 5400 includes a handle 5410 and a rod portion 5420 extending from the handle 5410, forming, for example, a substantially "T-shape". At least an intermediate range of the rod portion 5420 is threaded and configured to engage complementary threads in an opening of the claw carrier 5440. The claw carrier 5440 is pivotally connected to each of a plurality of claws 5450, and each claw 5450 extends distally from the claw carrier 5440 and is configured to clamp under respective portions of the socket component 920 (shown only as a component with a metal disc-shaped component 924 disposed on the bottom surface, for example). The distal portion 5430 of the rod portion 5420 is threaded and configured to engage complementary threads 1105 in an opening 1104 of a metal disc-shaped component 924 machined or otherwise disposed on the bottom surface of the socket component 920. Distal to the distal portion 5430, the rod portion 5420 tapers towards the distal tip 5470. The diameter of the distal tip 5470 is smaller than the small diameter of the torque opening of the head of the distal threaded portion 5460 and the central anchor screw 918, providing this action at the interface between the metal disc-shaped component 924 and the central anchor screw 918, thereby enabling easy and clean extraction of the socket component 920.

[0161] In some embodiments, the operator can hold the handle portion 5410 and place at least the distal tip 5470 of the rod portion 5420 through an opening 929 in the arcuate upper surface 122. The operator can then rotate the tool 5400 around the rod portion 5420 by turning the handle portion 5410 until the distal threaded portion 5460 of the rod portion 5420 is threaded into the complementary threads 1105 in the opening 1104 of the metal disc-shaped component 924 disposed on the socket component 920.

[0162] Usage The present disclosure contemplates methods of using any of the components described herein in any method described or implied herein, for example, in a surgical procedure, such as, but not limited to, shoulder arthroplasty. Accordingly, while exemplary features of some exemplary methods of use are described below, the present disclosure is not limited thereto and contemplates methods that include fewer, additional, or alternative steps of using any of the components described herein in any method described or implied herein. All methods described herein can be used in combination with, and / or can include, the bone preparation process described in connection with at least any of FIGS. 49-53B.

[0163] For example, but not limited to, in some embodiments, the method can include fixing an implant component to bone using a central compression screw (see, e.g., FIGS. 1-8, FIGS. 21-26B, FIGS. 35A-35G, FIGS. 42-45, FIG. 47, and FIG. 48), the central compression screw being adapted to apply a compressive force to a baseplate (see, e.g., FIGS. 1-4, FIG. 7, FIG. 8, FIGS. 21-26B, FIGS. 35A-35G, FIGS. 42-45, and FIG. 48) or an anchor boss (see, e.g., FIGS. 5, 6, and FIG. 47) when properly embedded therethrough, the baseplate or anchor boss itself being connected and / or connectable to respective implant components.

[0164] In some other embodiments, the method can include fixing the implant component to bone using a central anchor screw (see, e.g., FIGS. 9-20) or a central anchor screw with a boss (see, e.g., FIGS. 41A, 41B, 46, and 48), the central anchor screw being connected and / or connectable from the underside of the baseplate to the lower surface of the baseplate (see, e.g., FIGS. 12, 15-17, 41A, 41B, and 48), and the baseplate being connected and / or connectable to the implant component. In some other embodiments, the central anchor screw is directly connected and / or connectable from the underside of the implant component to the lower surface of the implant component itself (see, e.g., FIGS. 9-11, 13, 14, 18A-19B, and 46).

[0165] In some embodiments, the metal disc-shaped component provides a key interface between the central anchor screw and the baseplate or the implant component itself. Thus, the method can include connecting the central anchor screw to such a specially designed metal disc-shaped component disposed and / or formed on the lower surface of the baseplate (see, e.g., FIGS. 12, 15-17, and 20) or the implant component itself (see, e.g., FIGS. 9-11, 13, 14, and 18A-19B).

[0166] In some embodiments, a baseplate may not be used (see, e.g., FIGS. 5, 6, 9-11, 13, 14, 18A-19B, 46, and 47). In some such embodiments, the method can include using compression screws to fix an anchor boss within a patient's bone, the anchor boss being coupled to an implant component (see, e.g., FIGS. 5, 6, and 47). In some other such embodiments, such a method can include implanting a central anchor screw within a patient's bone and coupling a specially designed metal disc-shaped component (see, e.g., FIGS. 18A-19B) or a central tapered portion having a flexible extension (see, e.g., FIGS. 46 and 47), disposed on the lower surface of the implant, to the central anchor screw.

[0167] In some other embodiments, a baseplate can be used. In some such embodiments, the method can include placing a central boss portion extending from the lower surface of the baseplate into the prepared patient bone (see, e.g., FIGS. 1-4, 7, 8, 21-35G, 44, and 45). In some other such embodiments, the baseplate does not include a boss portion extending from the lower surface and instead includes a specially designed metal disc-shaped component disposed on the lower surface. In some such embodiments, such a method can include connecting the metal disc-shaped component to a central anchor screw (see, e.g., FIGS. 12, 15-17, 20). In some other such embodiments, the baseplate includes neither a central boss portion extending from the lower surface nor a specially designed metal disc-shaped component and instead includes an opening having a bayonet lock mechanism (see, e.g., FIGS. 41A and 41B). In some such embodiments, the method can include connecting a specially designed metal disc-shaped component to a bossed central anchor screw. In some other such embodiments, the baseplate includes a central tapered portion extending from the upper surface (see, e.g., FIGS. 12, 20, and 48). In some such embodiments, the method can include tapering or friction fitting this central tapered portion into a corresponding recess of the glenosphere component. In some embodiments, the baseplate includes a wedge surface for addressing particularly suitable patient bone defects and / or abnormalities (see, e.g., FIGS. 18A-20, 35A-35G, 37-41B, and 48). In some such embodiments, the method can include placing the wedge surface against the patient bone defect and / or abnormality.

[0168] In some embodiments, the base plate can include one or more mechanisms for preventing rotation after implantation. In some such embodiments, a plurality of spikes extend from the lower surface of the base plate (see, e.g., FIGS. 1 and 2). In some such embodiments, the method can include securing such spikes to bone around a compression screw. In some other such embodiments, a plurality of knurled pegs extend from the lower surface of the base plate (see, e.g., FIGS. 18A-19B, 46, and 47). In some such embodiments, the method can include securing the knurled pegs to bone around a compression screw, a central anchor screw, or a central anchor screw with a boss. In some other such embodiments, the base plate includes a plurality of peripheral openings configured to receive peripheral screws therethrough (see, e.g., FIGS. 3, 4, 7, 8, 12, 15-17, 20-35G, 41-45, and 48). In some such embodiments, the method can include securing the peripheral screws through the peripheral openings to bone around a compression screw, a central anchor screw, or a central anchor screw with a boss.

[0169] In some embodiments, the implant component includes a glenoid component (see, e.g., FIGS. 1-11, FIGS. 13-16E, FIGS. 18A-19B, FIGS. 21-22B, FIGS. 24-26B, FIG. 41A, FIG. 41B, FIG. 44, FIG. 46, and FIG. 47). In some such embodiments, the glenoid component includes an upper plastic, such as a polyarticulation portion, and a lower metal portion (see, e.g., FIGS. 7, 8, 13, and 14). In some such embodiments, the glenoid component includes a central tapered portion extending from the lower surface. In some such embodiments, the method can include tapering or frictionally fitting such a central tapered portion within a recess and / or opening disposed on the upper surface of the baseplate. In some embodiments where the glenoid component includes a plastic, such as poly, a metal tapered extension can extend from the central tapered portion. In some such embodiments, the method can include tapering or frictionally fitting such a central tapered portion within a recess and / or opening disposed on the upper surface of the baseplate (see, e.g., FIGS. 3-6). In some embodiments, the glenoid component includes a specially designed metal disc-shaped component disposed on the lower surface (see, e.g., FIGS. 9-11, FIGS. 13, 14, and FIGS. 18A-19B). In some such embodiments, the method can include directly interfacing the metal disc-shaped component with a central anchor screw. In some embodiments, the glenoid component includes a central tapered portion having a flexible extension disposed on the lower surface (see, e.g., FIGS. 46 and 47). In some such embodiments, the method can include directly interfacing the central tapered portion and the flexible extension with a central anchor screw.

[0170] In some embodiments, the implant component includes a glenosphere component that may include a tapered recess (see, e.g., FIGS. 12, 17, 20, 23A, 23B, 37-40B, 42, 43, 45, and 48). In some such embodiments, the method can include tapering or frictionally fitting the tapered recess to one tapered end of a double-taper adapter (the other end of the double-taper adapter is configured to taper or frictionally fit within an opening in the upper surface of the baseplate (see, e.g., FIG. 17) or within an opening of a set screw disposed within an opening in the upper surface of the baseplate), to the tapered end of a single-taper threaded adapter (the other end of the single taper includes threads configured to engage complementary threads of an opening in the upper surface of the baseplate (see, e.g., FIG. 45)), or to a central tapered portion extending from the upper surface of the baseplate (see, e.g., FIGS. 12, 20, and 48).

[0171] Manufacturing method The present disclosure also contemplates methods of manufacturing any of the components described herein in any of the methods described or implied herein. Accordingly, while exemplary features of some exemplary manufacturing methods are described below, the present disclosure is not limited thereto and contemplates manufacturing methods that include fewer, additional, or alternative steps for forming, providing, manufacturing, fabricating, and / or otherwise creating any of the components described herein.

[0172] The present disclosure contemplates various ways of achieving such manufacturing to provide the desired versatility and compatibility of a surgical system or kit that can fix either a glenoid component or a glenosphere component. General features common to various embodiments, or characteristic various embodiments, are described below. However, specific embodiments will also be described in more detail in relation to the drawings. The present disclosure relates to methods of manufacturing any of the components or elements thereof described herein, including, for example and without limitation, the provision, formation, fabrication, injection molding or overmolding of any element and / or feature of any component, or the component itself, molding including but not limited to extrusion, punching, deformation, casting, forging, rolling, machining, printing including but not limited to 3D printing, to manufacture any of the components described herein. Thus, the manufacture of any component can include any one or more of these operations or steps, and conversely, any one or more of these operations or steps can be considered in the manufacture of such components and / or their elements.

[0173] In some embodiments, the manufacturing method can include manufacturing an implant component and manufacturing a central compression screw, the implant component being configured to be ultimately fixed to bone using the central compression screw (see, for example, FIGS. 1-8, FIGS. 21-26B, FIGS. 35A-35G, FIGS. 42-45, FIG. 47, and FIG. 48). In some embodiments, such a central compression screw is configured to apply a compressive force to a base plate (see, for example, FIGS. 1-4, FIG. 7, FIG. 8, FIGS. 21-26B, FIGS. 35A-35G, FIGS. 42-45, and FIG. 48) or an anchor boss (see, for example, FIGS. 5, 6, and FIG. 47) when properly embedded therethrough, the base plate or the anchor boss itself being connected and / or connectable to the respective implant component.

[0174] In some other embodiments, the manufacturing method can include manufacturing an implant component and manufacturing a central anchor screw (see, for example, FIGS. 9-20) and / or a central anchor screw with a boss (see, for example, FIGS. 41A, 41B, 46, and 48). In such embodiments, the implant component may be manufactured with a configuration that enables it to be fixed to bone using a central anchor screw (see, for example, FIGS. 9-20) or a central anchor screw with a boss (see, for example, FIGS. 41A, 41B, 46, and 48) that is connected and / or connectable to the lower surface of the base plate (see, for example, FIGS. 12, 15-17, 41A, 41B, and 48) from below the base plate. In some embodiments, the base plate is manufactured with a configuration for connecting to the implant component. In some other embodiments, the central anchor screw is manufactured with a configuration for directly connecting from below the implant component to the lower surface of the implant component itself (see, for example, FIGS. 9-11, 13, 14, 18A-19B, and 46).

[0175] In some embodiments, the central anchor screw may be manufactured with a configuration for connecting to a specially designed metal disc-shaped component that is disposed and / or formed on the lower surface of the base plate (see, for example, FIGS. 12, 15-17, and 20) or the implant component itself (see, for example, FIGS. 9-11, 13, 14, and 18A-19B). The metal disc-shaped component is manufactured with a configuration for providing a key interface between the central anchor screw and the base plate or the implant component itself.

[0176] In some embodiments, a baseplate may not be used (see, e.g., FIGS. 5, 6, 9-11, 13, 14, 18A-19B, 46, and 47). In some such embodiments, instead, a compression screw may be manufactured to have a configuration for fixing the anchor boss to the patient's bone. The anchor boss may be manufactured to have a configuration for connecting to an implant component (see, e.g., FIGS. 5, 6, and 47). In some other such embodiments, a central anchor screw may be manufactured to have a configuration for embedding in the patient's bone. A specially designed metal disc-shaped component disposed on the lower surface of the implant (see, e.g., FIGS. 18A-19B) or a central tapered portion having a flexible extension (see, e.g., FIGS. 46 and 47) may be manufactured to have respective configurations for connecting to the central anchor screw.

[0177] In some other embodiments, a baseplate can be used. In some such embodiments, the baseplate may be manufactured to include a central boss portion extending from the lower surface and having a configuration for placement within the prepared bone of the patient (see, for example, FIGS. 1-4, 7, 8, 21-35G, 44, and 45). In some other such embodiments, rather than being manufactured to include a boss portion extending from the lower surface, the baseplate is instead manufactured to include a specially designed metal disc-shaped component disposed on the lower surface (see, for example, FIGS. 12, 15-17, 20). In some such embodiments, the metal disc-shaped component is manufactured to have a configuration for connection to a central anchor screw. In some other such embodiments, the baseplate is manufactured to not include a central boss portion extending from the lower surface nor a specially designed metal disc-shaped component, and instead is manufactured to include an opening having a bayonet lock mechanism configured to connect to a bossed central anchor screw (see, for example, FIGS. 41A and 41B). In some other such embodiments, the baseplate is manufactured to include a central tapered portion extending from the upper surface (see, for example, FIGS. 12, 20, and 48), and the central tapered portion is manufactured to have a configuration for tapering or frictionally fitting into a corresponding recess of the glenosphere component in some cases. Such methods can additionally include manufacturing such a glenosphere component. In some embodiments, the baseplate is manufactured to include a wedge surface for addressing particularly suitable bone defects and / or abnormalities of the patient (see, for example, FIGS. 18A-20, 35A-35G, 37-41B, and 48).

[0178] In some embodiments, the base plate may be manufactured to include one or more mechanisms for preventing rotation after implantation. In some such embodiments, the base plate is manufactured to include a plurality of spikes extending from the lower surface of the base plate and fixing to the bone around the compression screw (see, e.g., FIGS. 1 and 2). In some other such embodiments, the base plate is manufactured to include a plurality of uneven pegs extending from the lower surface of the base plate and fixing to the bone around the compression screw, the central anchor screw, or the central anchor screw with a boss (see, e.g., FIGS. 18A-19B, 46, and 47). In some other such embodiments, the base plate is manufactured to include a plurality of peripheral openings configured to receive a peripheral screw passing through and fixing to the bone around the compression screw, the central anchor screw, or the central anchor screw with a boss (see, e.g., FIGS. 3, 4, 7, 8, 12, 15-17, 20-35G, 41-45, and 48).

[0179] In some embodiments, the implant component includes a glenoid component (see, e.g., FIGS. 1-11, 13-16E, 18A-19B, 21-22B, 24-26B, 41A, 41B, 44, 46, and 47). In some embodiments, the glenoid component can include plastic, and in some other embodiments can include metal. In some embodiments, the thickness at the groove of the glenoid component (i.e., the lowest point and thinnest portion of the arcuate upper surface of the glenoid component) can have an exemplary thickness of 4.0-5.0 mm, such as about 4.16 mm. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and any of the glenoid components described herein may be manufactured to have any suitable thickness at the groove or any other portion. In still other embodiments, the glenoid component includes an upper plastic, such as a polyarticular portion, and a lower metal portion (see, e.g., FIGS. 7, 8, 13, and 14). In some such embodiments, the glenoid component is manufactured to include a central tapered portion extending from the lower surface, and the central tapered portion is configured to taper or frictionally fit within a recess and / or opening disposed on the upper surface of the base plate. In some embodiments where the glenoid component includes plastic, such as poly, the glenoid component may be manufactured to include a metal tapered extension that extends from the central tapered portion and is configured to taper or frictionally fit within a recess and / or opening disposed on the upper surface of the base plate (see, e.g., FIGS. 3-6). In some embodiments, the glenoid component is manufactured to include a specially designed metal disc-shaped component disposed on the lower surface to provide a direct key interface with the central anchor screw (see, e.g., FIGS. 9-11, 13, 14, and 18A-19B). In some embodiments, the glenoid component is manufactured to include a central tapered portion having a flexible extension disposed on the lower surface to provide a direct key interface with the central anchor screw (see, e.g., FIGS. 46 and 47).

[0180] In some embodiments, the implant component can include a glenoid sphere component (see, e.g., FIGS. 12, 17, 20, 23A, 23B, 37-40B, 42, 43, 45, and 48) manufactured to include a tapered recess, the tapered recess being tapered or frictionally engageable with one tapered end of a double-taper adapter (the other end of the double-taper adapter is configured to be tapered or frictionally engaged within an opening in the upper surface of the baseplate (see, e.g., FIG. 17) or within an opening of a set screw disposed within an opening in the upper surface of the baseplate), the tapered end of a single-taper threaded adapter (the other end of the single taper includes threads configured to engage complementary threads of an opening in the upper surface of the baseplate (see, e.g., FIG. 45)), or a central tapered portion extending from the upper surface of the baseplate (see, e.g., FIGS. 12, 20, and 48).

[0181] Such a manufacturing method can additionally include manufacturing any other element of the system, including but not limited to such double-taper adapters, set screws, single-taper threaded adapters, and / or central tapered portions extending from the upper surface of the baseplate.

[0182] The above disclosure includes the best mode contemplated by the inventors for carrying out the invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variations of the invention not described herein will be understood. The invention is defined by the appended claims, but the invention is not limited to the literal meaning of the claims and includes these variations.

Description of Reference Numerals

[0183] 100, 300, 500, 700, 900, 1200, 1300, 1500, 2000, 2100, 3700, 3700a, 3700b, 4000a, 4000b, 4100, 4400, 4500, 4600, 4700, 4800 modular systems 110, 310, 710, 1210, 1510, 2010, 2110, 2110a to 2110d, 4210, 4410 Base plates 112, 1312 Spikes 114, 314, 714, 2114, 2114a to 2114d, 3514, 4214, 4414 Central boss parts 116, 316, 516, 716, 1216, 1516, 2016, 2116, 2116a to 2116d, 3516 Recesses and openings, central opening 118, 318, 118aa, 118ab, 118ba, 118bb, 118a to 118d Central compression screws 119 Complementary thread 120, 320, 520, 720, 920, 1320, 1520, 2120, 4120, 4420, 4620 Glenoid components 121, 1521, 4121, 4421 Recesses 122 Arcuate upper surface, concave outer surface 124, 324, 524, 724, 1214, 1524, 2014, 2124, 4124 Central tapered parts 126, 526, 926 Peripheral protrusions 312 Peripheral screws 315, 715, 1215, 1515, 2015, 2115, 3515, 4115, 4215 Peripheral openings 325, 525 Metal tapered extensions 328, 728 Slots 514 Anchor boss 516 Central opening 528 Slot or groove 720a, 1320a Upper part 720b, 1320b Lower part 723a, 1323a Pattern bottom surface 723b, 1323b Pattern upper surface 729, 729b, 1329, 1329b Openings 918 Central anchor screw 924, 4624 Metal disc-shaped components 927, 1627, 2127, 2327, 3727a, 3727b, 4527, 4627, 4827 Implant Lock Screws 929, 1325, 1529, 2129, 3729 Openings 950 Screw Cap Cover 1102 Recess 1104, 4416 Central Openings 1105 Complementary Threads 1106 Through-Hole 1107 Innermost 1109 Outermost 1108 Intermediate Portion 1220, 3720, 3720a, 3720b, 4020, 4020a, 4020b Glenosphere Components 1224, 3724 Recess 1229, 4129 Openings 1526 Snap-Fit Mechanism 1611 Fitting Mechanism 1730, 2330 Double Taper Adapter (Trunion) 1732, 2332 First Taper Portion 1734, 2334 Second Taper Portion 1736, 2336 Central Portion 1820 First Type of Glenoid Wedge Component 1821a, 2021a First Portion 1821b, 2021b Second Portion 1920 Second Type of Glenoid Wedge Component 1921 Bottom Surface 2320 Glenosphere 2400 Screw Snap Ring 3510, 4110 Base Plate Wedge 3760, 3760a, 3760b Skirt 4060a, 4060b Hood 4114, 4614 Proximal Boss 4115 Threads, Peripheral Opening 4116 Opening 4118, 4618 Central Anchor Screw with Boss 4119a and 4119b Lock Mechanisms 4216 Opening, Central Opening 4217 and 4417 Set Screws 4530 Glenosphere Adapter 4532 Tapered Portion 4534 Threaded Portion 4604 Opening 4606 Extension Portion 4614 Head with Boss 4810 Glenosphere Base Plate 4816 Opening 4900 Humerus 4905 Surface 4910 Guide Rod 4920, 4930, 4940, 4950, 4960 Frame 4960 Reamer 4970 Peripheral Peg Drill 5000 Acetabular Bone 5010 Acetabular Surface 5020 Reamed Surface 5110 Drill Bit 5120 Proximal Countersink Portion 5130 Collar Stop 5210 Guide Wire Adapter 5220 Guide Wire 5400 Pulling Tool 5410 Handle Portion 5420 Rod Portion 5430 Distal Portion 5440 Claw Carrier 5450 Claw 5460 Distal Threaded Portion 5470 Distal Tip T1, T4, T6, T8, T10, T12, T14, T18, T20, T21, T22, T24, T26 Thickness T2, T3, T7, T11, T15, T25 Length T5, T9, T13, T17 Total Thickness T16, T23 Total Thickness T19 Distance

Claims

1. A convertible shoulder joint replacement system, comprising: an implant component, a glenoid component including a concave outer surface, and / or a glenosphere component including a convex outer surface at least one of which is included, and an implant component; a bone fixation assembly, a first base plate including a central boss portion extending from a lower surface and a central opening disposed therethrough, a second base plate including a central boss portion extending from an upper surface and a central opening disposed therethrough, and / or an anchor boss including a central opening extending therethrough at least one of which is included, and a bone fixation assembly; a central compression screw configured to securely compress the first base plate, the second base plate, or the anchor boss against the scapula by being fixed to the scapula through the central opening A system comprising.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the central boss portion has a substantially tapered cylindrical shape.

3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the central boss portion has a substantially non-tapered cylindrical shape.

4. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first base plate includes a plurality of peripheral openings each configured to receive one of a plurality of peripheral bone screws.

5. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the second base plate includes a plurality of peripheral openings each configured to receive one of a plurality of peripheral bone screws.

6. The first base plate, one or more spikes extending from the lower surface, one or more smooth pegs extending from the lower surface, and / or one or more uneven pegs extending from the lower surface at least one of which is included, wherein the one or more spikes, the smooth pegs, and / or the uneven pegs are configured to prevent the glenoid base plate from rotating relative to the patient's bone when disposed within the patient's bone. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. The system according to claim 1, wherein the glenoid component includes a central portion extending from a lower surface configured to seat and frictionally engage within the boss portion of the first base plate.

8. The system according to claim 7, wherein the central portion includes a plurality of vertical grooves configured to increase friction between the central tapered portion and the boss portion of the first base plate.

9. The system according to claim 1, wherein the central boss portion of the first base plate includes a porous metal coating configured to assist in bone bonding and / or internal growth.

10. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the articular fossa component includes a central portion extending from the lower surface and a metal tapered extension connected to the distal end of the central portion, and the metal tapered extension is configured to seat and frictionally fit within the boss portion of the first base plate.

11. The system according to claim 10, wherein the metal tapered extension includes one or more substantially vertical slots configured to allow the metal tapered extension to be advanced sufficiently into the boss portion of the first base plate to provide the friction fit.

12. The system according to claim 1, wherein the lower surface of the articular fossa component includes a recess configured to receive at least an upper portion of the first base plate when the articular fossa component is properly fixed to the first base plate.

13. The lower surface of the articular fossa component one or more spikes extending from the lower surface, one or more smooth pegs extending from the lower surface, and / or one or more uneven pegs extending from the lower surface including, wherein the one or more spikes, the smooth pegs, or the uneven pegs are configured to prevent the articular fossa component from rotating relative to the patient's bone when disposed within the patient's bone. The system according to claim 1.

14. The articular fossa component an upper portion including the concave surface and the patterned lower surface, a patterned upper surface configured to fit onto the patterned lower surface of the upper portion, and a lower metal portion including the lower surface of the articular fossa component including. The system according to claim 1.

15. The system according to claim 1, comprising a screw snap ring for holding the central compression screw in a pre-assembled state within the boss portion of the first base plate.

16. The central compression screws are selected from a plurality of central compression screws that each have the same head size but different screw diameters compared to other central compression screws, and the central boss portion of the first base plate is configured to accommodate each of the plurality of central compression screws. The system according to claim 1.

17. The central compression screws are selected from a plurality of central compression screws that each have a different screw diameter and a head size that varies with the screw diameter, The first base plate is selected from a plurality of first base plates, and each central boss portion of each first base plate has a different size adapted to one of the head sizes of the plurality of central compression screws. The system according to claim 1.

18. The first base plate includes a substantially planar upper surface that is perpendicular to the axial direction of the extension of the central compression screw. The system according to claim 1.

19. The lower surface of the first base plate extends to a plane rotated by a predetermined angle compared to the substantially planar upper surface. The system according to claim 18.

20. The boss portions of the first base plate and / or the second base plate include threads configured to engage with complementary threads of a set screw, and the set screw is fixed within the central opening on the central compression screw and is configured to prevent the central compression screw from retreating. The system according to claim 1.

21. The interior of the set screw is a central tapered portion extending from the lower surface of the acetabular component, and a first tapered end of the double-tapered trunion of the glenosphere component and includes a tapered recess configured to receive at least one of them. The system according to claim 20.

22. The glenosphere component includes a recess on the lower surface, and the recess is a first tapered end of the double-tapered trunion of the glenosphere component, and a second tapered end of the double-tapered trunion is configured to seat and frictionally fit within the boss portion of the first base plate. A first tapered end, a tapered end of the single-tapered threaded trunion of the glenosphere component, and a threaded end of the single-tapered threaded trunion is configured to be screwed into a set of complementary threads of the boss portion of the first base plate. A tapered end, and The central boss portion extending from the upper surface of the second base plate The system according to claim 1, which is configured to receive at least one of them.

23. The glenoid sphere component includes a substantially cylindrical skirt extending from the convex outer surface, and the skirt is configured to share the load applied to the first base plate or the second base plate by contacting or substantially surrounding the periphery of the first base plate or the second base plate. The system according to claim 1.

24. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein the glenoid fossa component includes a polymer.

25. The system according to claim 24, wherein the glenoid fossa component includes ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE).

26. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 25, wherein the glenoid fossa component includes at least one of titanium (Ti) and cobalt.

27. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 26, wherein the glenoid sphere component includes at least one of titanium (Ti) and cobalt.

28. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 27, wherein the first base plate includes at least one of titanium (Ti) and cobalt.

29. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 28, wherein the second base plate includes at least one of a titanium (Ti) alloy and cobalt.

30. A convertible shoulder joint replacement system, A central anchor screw including a thread configured to bite into the patient's bone and providing an independent anchor, A first glenoid fossa component, including a concave outer surface, and a lower surface including a lock interface for fitting the glenoid fossa component and the central anchor screw. A first base plate, including a substantially planar upper surface, a central opening disposed therethrough, and a lower surface including a lock interface for fitting the first base plate and the central anchor screw. A second base plate, including a central boss portion extending from an upper surface, a central opening disposed therethrough, and a lower surface including a lock interface for mating the second base plate with the central anchor screw. One of A system comprising.

31. The system according to claim 30, wherein the lock interface has a substantially circular shape factor.

32. The lock interface is A central opening configured to receive an implant lock screw therethrough, and A plurality of peripheral holes each having a side wall with a bottom portion, Wherein the bottom portion mechanically engages the head of the central anchor screw and decreases to zero height towards the central opening, The distal thread of the implant lock screw engages the complementary thread of the head of the central anchor screw, thereby The lower surface of the first articular fossa component, The lower surface of the first base plate, and The lower surface of the second base plate The system according to claim 31, configured to be directly connected to one of them.

33. The upper surface of the articular fossa base plate includes a groove, and the lower surface of the second articular fossa component includes a plurality of ribs configured to fix the second articular fossa component to the articular fossa base plate by snap-fitting and / or friction-fitting within the groove. The system according to claim 32.

34. The lower surface of the first articular fossa component is One or more spikes extending from the lower surface, One or more smooth pegs extending from the lower surface, and / or One or more uneven pegs extending from the lower surface Including The system according to any one of claims 30 to 33, wherein the one or more spikes, the smooth peg, or the uneven peg is disposed within the patient's bone to prevent the articular fossa component from rotating relative to the patient's bone.

35. The system according to any one of claims 30 to 34, comprising the first base plate, further comprising a double-taper trunion and a glenoid sphere component having a recess on a lower surface, the recess being configured to receive a first tapered end of the double-taper trunion, and a second tapered end of the double-taper trunion being configured to seat and frictionally fit within the central opening of the first base plate.

36. The system according to any one of claims 30 to 35, wherein a lower surface of one of the first articular fossa component, the first base plate, and the second base plate extends in a plane rotated by a predetermined angle compared to a plane perpendicular to an axial direction of an extension of the central anchor screw.

37. A method of performing shoulder arthroplasty using a convertible shoulder replacement system, comprising: drilling a central hole in a surface of a patient's scapula, the central hole being configured to receive a guide wire; enlarging the central hole to accommodate at least a portion of a base plate of the system or an anchor boss and a central compression screw; fixing the base plate or the anchor boss to the surface of the scapula by fixing the central compression screw into the central hole through a central opening of the base plate or the anchor boss; connecting to the base plate or the anchor boss an articular fossa component including a concave outer surface, and a glenoid sphere component including a convex outer surface one of them. The method includes.

38. The system uses the base plate, and the method further comprises: drilling a plurality of peripheral holes in the surface of the scapula; fixing a plurality of peripheral screws into the peripheral holes through respective peripheral openings of the base plate. The method according to claim 37.

39. The method according to claim 37 or 38, wherein the system is the convertible shoulder replacement system according to any one of claims 1 to 29.

40. A method of performing shoulder arthroplasty using a convertible shoulder replacement system, comprising: drilling a central hole in a surface of a patient's scapula, wherein a proximal portion of the central hole has a radius larger than a portion of the central hole distal to the proximal portion so as to completely accommodate a central anchor screw. completely fixing the central anchor screw in the central hole; placing a guide wire or a guide wire guide connected to the guide wire on the head of the central anchor screw; preparing the surface of the scapula using a reamer disposed on the guide wire; after removing the guide wire, on the head of the central anchor screw, a first glenoid component including a concave upper surface and a lower surface including a lock interface for fitting the glenoid component and the central anchor screw; a first base plate including a substantially planar upper surface, a central opening disposed therethrough, and a lower surface including a lock interface for fitting the first base plate and the central anchor screw, and a second base plate including a central boss portion extending from the upper surface, a central opening disposed therethrough, and a lower surface including a key lock interface for fitting the second base plate and the central anchor screw; connecting one of; A method comprising.

41. The method according to claim 40, wherein the system is the convertible shoulder joint replacement system according to any one of claims 30 to 36.

42. A convertible shoulder joint replacement system, a glenoid component including a concave outer surface, a base plate including a central boss portion extending from the lower surface and a central opening disposed therethrough, a central compression screw configured to securely compress the first base plate against the scapula by being fixed to the scapula through the central opening, and comprising, The system, wherein the glenoid component includes a central portion extending from the lower surface configured to seat and frictionally fit within the boss portion of the first base plate.

43. The system according to claim 42, wherein the first base plate includes a plurality of peripheral openings each configured to receive one of a plurality of peripheral bone screws.

44. The base plate is one or more spikes extending from the lower surface, one or more smooth pegs extending from the lower surface, and / or one or more concave-convex pegs extending from the lower surface including at least one of. The system according to claim 42, wherein the one or more spikes, the smooth pegs, and / or the concave-convex pegs are configured to be disposed within the patient's bone to prevent the base plate from rotating relative to the patient's bone.

45. The system according to any one of claims 42 to 44, wherein the central portion extending from the lower surface of the glenoid component includes a plurality of vertical grooves configured to increase friction between the central portion and the central opening of the first base plate.

46. The system according to any one of claims 42 to 45, wherein the system includes a retaining element configured to prevent the central compression screw from backing out.

47. The system according to claim 46, wherein the retaining element includes a screw snap ring that holds the central compression screw in a pre-assembled state within the central boss portion.

48. The system according to claim 46, wherein the retaining element includes a set screw, and the boss portion of the base plate includes a thread configured to engage with the complementary thread of the set screw.

49. The lower surface of the glenoid component is one or more spikes extending from the lower surface, one or more smooth pegs extending from the lower surface, and / or one or more concave-convex pegs extending from the lower surface and the system according to any one of claims 42 to 48, wherein the one or more spikes, the smooth pegs, or the concave-convex pegs are configured to be disposed within the patient's bone to prevent the glenoid component from rotating relative to the patient's bone.

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