Ammonia decomposition reactor with ammonia gas preheating function

Abstract

The present invention is an ammonia decomposition reactor having an ammonia preheating function. The reactor comprises a heat exchanger main body and a reactor main body, and the heat exchanger main body is coated on the outside of the reactor main body. The heat exchange tubes on the heat exchanger main body are installed in the heat exchange housing, one end communicates with the ammonia heat exchange inlet, the other end communicates with the ammonia heat exchange outlet, and the heat medium inlet and the heat medium inlet / outlet on the heat exchanger main body communicate with the heat exchange housing respectively. The catalyst tubes on the reactor main body are arranged in the reaction housing, the ammonia heat exchange outlet on the heat exchanger main body communicates with the ammonia inlet on the reactor main body, and the ammonia gas inlet and the ammonia gas decomposition gas outlet communicate with each other through the catalyst tubes. The ammonia decomposition gas outlet communicates with the heat medium inlet on the heat exchanger main body. According to the present invention, the structure is compact, the high-temperature gas of the ammonia decomposition gas in the reactor is used as the heat medium of the heat exchanger to supply heat to the ammonia for preheating, so that the ammonia entering the reactor is in a high-temperature state, and the ammonia decomposition reaction in the reactor becomes more sufficient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of reactors, and more specifically, to an ammonia decomposition reactor having an ammonia gas preheating function.

Background Art

[0002] A reactor is a facility for realizing a reaction process and is widely applied in fields such as the chemical industry, oil refining, and metallurgy. The reactor may be used to realize a liquid-phase single-phase reaction process or a multi-phase reaction process such as liquid-liquid, gas-liquid, liquid-solid, and gas-liquid-solid. In an ammonia hydrogen fuel cell system, the reactor is an important facility for ammonia decomposition. Due to insufficient heat supply during the reaction process, the degree of decomposition of ammonia gas is not high. If the ammonia gas can be preheated, the degree of decomposition of ammonia gas can be significantly improved. At present, all methods for preheating ammonia gas add an independent heat exchanger to the system, but the volume of the heat exchanger is large, which is disadvantageous for the integration of the ammonia hydrogen fuel cell system.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the problem that the degree of decomposition reaction of ammonia gas in the ammonia decomposition reactor in the prior art is low, the structure of the preheating exchanger is large, and it affects the integration of the entire system, the present invention provides an ammonia decomposition reactor having an ammonia gas preheating function.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0004] The present invention uses the following technical solutions.

[0005] An ammonia decomposition reactor having an ammonia gas preheating function, comprising a heat exchanger body and a reactor body, wherein the heat exchanger body is covered outside the reactor body. The heat exchanger body includes a heat exchange housing, heat exchange tubes, an ammonia gas heat exchange inlet, an ammonia gas heat exchange outlet, a heat medium inlet, and a heat medium outlet. The heat exchange tubes are provided within the heat exchange housing, with one end communicating with the ammonia gas heat exchange inlet and the other end communicating with the ammonia gas heat exchange outlet. The heat medium inlet and the heat medium outlet are respectively in communication with the heat exchange housing. The reactor body includes a reaction housing, catalyst tubes, an ammonia gas inlet, and an ammonia gas decomposition gas outlet. The catalyst tubes are provided within the reaction housing. The ammonia gas heat exchange outlet communicates with the ammonia gas inlet, and the space between the ammonia gas inlet and the ammonia gas decomposition gas outlet communicates via the catalyst tubes. The ammonia gas decomposition gas outlet communicates with the heat medium inlet.

[0006] Furthermore, the heat exchanger body has an annular structure formed by combining two identical sector semi-cylindrical heat exchangers. After being split by a pipeline, the ammonia gas heat exchange inlet communicates respectively with the heat exchange tubes within the sector semi-cylindrical heat exchangers on both sides. The ammonia gas heat exchange outlets in the sector semi-cylindrical heat exchangers on both sides are collected via a pipeline and then connected to the ammonia gas inlet.

[0007] A plurality of the heat exchange tubes are provided within the heat exchanger body, and the heat exchange tubes are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction within the heat exchanger body.

[0008] Heat exchange tube plates are provided at both ends of the heat exchange housing. Holes are evenly formed along the circumferential direction of the heat exchange tube plates. Both ends of the heat exchange tubes respectively pass through the holes in the heat exchange tube plates and communicate with the ammonia gas heat exchange inlet and the ammonia gas heat exchange outlet.

[0009] The outlet for the decomposition gas of the ammonia gas is connected to the heat medium inlet via a pipeline and then splits and enters the heat exchange housings on both sides.

[0010] Furthermore, a plurality of the catalyst tubes are provided in the reactor main body, and the catalyst tubes are filled with a catalyst for the ammonia decomposition reaction.

[0011] Preferably, catalyst tube plates are provided at both ends of the reaction housing. Four holes are evenly formed in the catalyst tube plates along the circumferential direction. Four of the catalyst tubes are provided in the reaction housing. Both ends of the catalyst tubes are fixedly installed through the apertures in the catalyst tube plates respectively.

[0012] A heat source gas inlet communicating with the reaction housing is provided on one end side wall of the reaction housing. A heat source gas outlet is installed at the diagonally opposite end of the reaction housing. The heat source gas inlet and the heat source gas outlet extend outside the heat exchange housing through a connecting pipeline.

[0013] The diameter of the heat source gas inlet is larger than the diameter of the heat source gas outlet.

[0014] Screens for preventing leakage of the catalyst are provided at both ends of the catalyst tube, and the screens have a mesh size of 80 mesh to 120 mesh.

Advantages of the Invention

[0015] The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages.

[0016] A. The present invention is an ammonia decomposition reactor having an ammonia gas preheating function, with a compact structure. The high-temperature gas of the ammonia gas decomposition gas in the reactor is used as the heat medium of the heat exchanger to supply heat to the ammonia gas for preheating, so that the ammonia gas entering the reactor is in a high-temperature state, and thus the ammonia decomposition reaction occurring in the reactor is more sufficient.

[0017] B. Different from conventional equipment, the reactor with an integrated heat exchanger in the present invention is structurally compact and more reasonable in terms of space utilization. The heat exchanger is coated on the reactor housing. The reactor may provide a heat source to the heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger itself can also be regarded as the heat preservation layer of the reactor, effectively ensuring the temperature conditions inside the reactor and avoiding the problems of heat loss in the system and insufficient reaction process.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0018] In the following, for the purpose of more clearly explaining the specific embodiments of the present invention, the attached drawings necessary for use in the specific embodiments will be briefly described. The attached drawings in the following description are part of the embodiments of the present invention. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that other attached drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor.

[0019]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0020] Next, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings. The described embodiments are obviously some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0021] As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention provides an ammonia decomposition reactor having an ammonia gas preheating function, which includes a heat exchanger main body 1 and a reactor main body 2, and the heat exchanger main body 1 is covered outside the reactor main body 2. The heat exchanger main body 1 includes a heat exchange housing 11, a heat exchange tube 12, an ammonia gas heat exchange inlet 13, an ammonia gas heat exchange outlet 14, a heat medium inlet 15, and a heat medium outlet 16. The heat exchange tube 12 is provided in the heat exchange housing 11, one end thereof communicates with the ammonia gas heat exchange inlet 13, the other end communicates with the ammonia gas heat exchange outlet 14, and the heat medium inlet 15 and the heat medium outlet 16 are respectively conducted to the heat exchange housing 11. The reactor main body 2 includes a reaction housing 21, a catalyst tube 22, an ammonia gas inlet 23, and an ammonia gas decomposition gas outlet 24. The catalyst tube 22 is provided in the reaction housing 21. The ammonia gas heat exchange outlet 14 communicates with the ammonia gas inlet 23, and the space between the ammonia gas inlet 23 and the ammonia gas decomposition gas outlet 24 communicates through the catalyst tube 22. The ammonia gas decomposition gas outlet 24 communicates with the heat medium inlet 15. In the present invention, ammonia gas enters through the ammonia gas heat exchange inlet 13, and the ammonia gas is heat-exchanged on the tube side of the heat exchanger. After being heat-exchanged in the heat exchanger, the ammonia gas passes from the heat exchange outlet 14 to the ammonia gas inlet 23 of the reactor. The heat medium inlet 15 of the heat exchanger is connected to the ammonia gas decomposition gas outlet 24. The high-temperature ammonia gas decomposition gas (hydrogen-nitrogen gas) enters the heat exchanger housing through the heat medium inlet 15 of the heat exchanger, provides heat to the ammonia gas inside the tube side, and performs heat exchange. Using the high-temperature ammonia gas decomposition gas as the heat source of the heat exchanger, the heat exchange rate of the whole system is improved, the heat loss of the system is reduced, and the ammonia gas preheated by the heat exchanger enters the reactor to carry out the ammonia decomposition reaction, resulting in a higher degree of reaction.

[0022] Furthermore, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the heat exchanger body 1 has an annular structure formed by combining two identical sector semi-cylindrical heat exchangers. The ammonia gas heat exchange inlet 13 is branched by a pipeline and then communicates with the heat exchange tubes 12 in the sector semi-cylindrical heat exchangers on both sides respectively. The ammonia gas heat exchange outlets 14 on the two sector semi-cylindrical heat exchangers are collected by a pipeline and then connected to the ammonia gas inlet 23. A plurality of heat exchange tubes 12 are provided in the heat exchanger body 1, and the heat exchange tubes 12 are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction in the heat exchanger body 1. Heat exchange tube plates 111 are provided at both ends of the heat exchange housing 11, and holes are evenly opened in the heat exchange tube plates 111 along the circumferential direction. Both ends of the heat exchange tube 12 communicate with the ammonia gas heat exchange inlet 13 and the ammonia gas heat exchange outlet 14 respectively through the openings in the heat exchange tube plates 111. The decomposition gas outlet 24 of the ammonia gas is connected to the heat medium inlet 15 through a pipeline, and then branches and enters the heat exchange housings 11 on both sides. The heat medium outlets 16 outside the two heat exchange housings 11 are connected through a curved pipe 18 and merged into the product confluence outlet 17. After introducing ammonia gas from the ammonia heat exchange inlet 13, it is branched through a pipeline and enters the heat exchange tubes 12 inside the heat exchangers on both sides respectively. After being collected through a pipeline on the other side of the heat exchanger, it reaches the ammonia gas heat exchange outlet 14. The decomposition gas of the high-temperature ammonia gas that has passed through the reactor is introduced from the heat exchanger heat medium inlet 15 and flows into the heat exchange housings 11 of the heat exchangers on both sides through a pipeline respectively, and exchanges heat with the low-temperature ammonia gas in the heat exchange tubes 12. The decomposition gas of the high-temperature ammonia gas after the heat exchange in the heat exchangers on both sides is completed merges along the heat medium outlets 16 of the heat exchangers on both sides through the curved pipe 18 and reaches the heat exchanger product confluence outlet 17.

[0023] As shown in FIG. 4, catalyst tube plates 211 are provided at both ends of the reaction housing 21. Four holes are evenly opened along the circumferential direction of the catalyst tube plate 211. Four catalyst tubes 22 are provided in the reaction housing 21. Both ends of the catalyst tube 22 penetrate through the openings in the catalyst tube plate 211 and are fixedly installed. The catalyst tube 22 is filled with a catalyst 3 for the ammonia decomposition reaction. A heat source gas inlet 25 communicating with the reaction housing 21 is installed on one end side wall of the reaction housing 21, and a heat source gas outlet 26 is installed on the other end diagonally opposite side of the reaction housing 21. The heat source gas inlet 25 and the heat source gas outlet 26 extend outside the heat exchange housing 11 through a connecting pipeline. The pipe diameter of the heat source gas inlet 25 is larger than that of the heat source gas outlet 26, increasing the residence time of the heat source gas inside the reaction housing 21 and providing more heat for the ammonia decomposition reaction. Screens 27 are provided at both ends of the catalyst tube 22 respectively to prevent the leakage of the catalyst 3 inside the catalyst tube 22. The screen 27 has a mesh size of 80 mesh to 120 mesh.

[0024] Also, the heat source gas outlet 26 may communicate with the heat medium inlet 15 and is used to supply heat to the heat exchanger, making full use of the heat quantity entering the heat source gas from the heat source gas inlet 25.

[0025] Different from the conventional equipment, the reactor integrating the heat exchanger in the present invention is structurally compact and more reasonable in space utilization. The heat exchanger is covered on the reactor housing. The reactor may provide a heat source for the heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger itself can also be regarded as the heat preservation layer of the reactor, effectively guaranteeing the temperature conditions inside the reactor and avoiding the problems of heat loss of the system and insufficient reaction process.

[0026] What the present invention does not mention applies to the prior art.

[0027] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for clear explanation and do not limit the embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make modifications or changes in other different forms based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all embodiments here. However, obvious modifications or changes are still included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Explanation of Reference Numerals

[0028] 1 Heat exchanger body 11 Exchange housing 111 Heat exchange tube sheet 12 Heat exchange tubes 13 Ammonia gas exchange heat inlet 14 Ammonia gas heat exchange outlet 15 Heat medium inlet 16 Heat medium outlet 17 Product confluence outlet 18 Curved tube 2 Reactor body 21 Reaction housing 211 Catalyst tube sheet 22 Catalyst tubes 23 Ammonia gas inlet 24 Ammonia gas decomposition gas outlet 25 Heat source gas inlet 26 Heat source gas outlet 27 Screen 3 Catalyst

Claims

1. An ammonia decomposition reactor having an ammonia gas preheating function, comprising: a heat exchanger body (1) and a reactor body (2), wherein the heat exchanger body (1) is coated outside the reactor body (2); the heat exchanger body (1) includes a heat exchange housing (11), a heat exchange tube (12), an ammonia gas heat exchange inlet (13), an ammonia gas heat exchange outlet (14), a heat medium inlet (15), and a heat medium outlet (16). The heat exchange tube (12) is provided in the heat exchange housing (11), one end thereof communicates with the ammonia gas heat exchange inlet (13), the other end communicates with the ammonia gas heat exchange outlet (14), and the heat medium inlet (15) and the heat medium outlet (16) are respectively in communication with the heat exchange housing (11); the reactor body (2) includes a reaction housing (21), a catalyst tube (22), an ammonia gas inlet (23), and an ammonia gas decomposition gas outlet (24). The catalyst tube (22) is provided in the reaction housing (21). The ammonia gas heat exchange outlet (14) communicates with the ammonia gas inlet (23). A connection between the ammonia gas inlet (23) and the ammonia gas decomposition gas outlet (24) is in communication through the catalyst tube (22). The ammonia gas decomposition gas outlet (24) communicates with the heat medium inlet (15). An ammonia decomposition reactor having an ammonia gas preheating function, characterized in that.

2. The heat exchanger body (1) has an annular structure formed by combining two identical sector semi-cylindrical heat exchangers. After being split by a pipeline, the ammonia gas heat exchange inlet (13) communicates with the heat exchange tubes (12) in the sector semi-cylindrical heat exchangers on both sides respectively. The ammonia gas heat exchange outlets (14) in the sector semi-cylindrical heat exchangers on both sides merge through a pipeline and then are connected to the ammonia gas inlet (23). The ammonia decomposition reactor having an ammonia gas preheating function according to Claim 1, characterized in that.

3. A plurality of the heat exchange tubes (12) are provided in the heat exchanger body (1), and the heat exchange tubes (12) are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction of the heat exchanger body (1) in the heat exchanger body (1). The ammonia decomposition reactor having an ammonia gas preheating function according to Claim 2, characterized in that.

4. At both ends of the heat exchange housing (11), heat exchange tube sheets (111) are provided. In the heat exchange tube sheet (111), holes are evenly opened along the circumferential direction of the heat exchange tube sheet (111). Both ends of the heat exchange tube (12) communicate with the ammonia gas heat exchange inlet (13) and the ammonia gas heat exchange outlet (14) respectively through the openings in the heat exchange tube sheet (111). The ammonia decomposition reactor having the ammonia gas preheating function according to claim 3, characterized in that.

5. The ammonia gas decomposition gas outlet (24) is connected to the heat medium inlet (15) via a pipeline, and then branches and enters into the heat exchange housings (11) on both sides. The ammonia decomposition reactor having the ammonia gas preheating function according to claim 4, characterized in that.

6. A plurality of the catalyst tubes (22) are provided in the reactor body (2), and the catalyst tubes (22) are filled with a catalyst (3) for ammonia decomposition reaction. The ammonia decomposition reactor having the ammonia gas preheating function according to claim 5, characterized in that.

7. At both ends of the reaction housing (21), catalyst tube sheets (211) are provided. In the catalyst tube sheet (211), four holes are evenly opened along the circumferential direction of the catalyst tube sheet (211). Four of the catalyst tubes (22) are provided in the reaction housing (21). Both ends of the catalyst tube (22) are fixedly installed through the openings in the catalyst tube sheet (211). The ammonia decomposition reactor having the ammonia gas preheating function according to claim 6, characterized in that.

8. A heat source gas inlet (25) communicating with the reaction housing (21) is provided on one side wall of the reaction housing (21), and a heat source gas outlet (26) is installed on the obliquely opposite side of the other end of the reaction housing (21). The heat source gas inlet (25) and the heat source gas outlet (26) extend outside the heat exchange housing (11) via a connecting pipeline. The ammonia decomposition reactor having the ammonia gas preheating function according to claim 7, characterized in that.

9. The diameter of the heat source gas inlet (25) is larger than the diameter of the heat source gas outlet (26). The ammonia decomposition reactor having the ammonia gas preheating function according to claim 8, characterized in that.

10. At both ends of the catalyst tube (22), screens (27) for preventing leakage of the catalyst (3) are provided respectively, and the screens (27) have a mesh size of 80 to 120 meshes. The ammonia decomposition reactor having an ammonia gas preheating function according to claim 9, characterized in that.

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