Polyolefin compositions comprising polypropylene homopolymer, polypropylene block copolymer, and recycled plastic materials

Abstract

The present invention provides a polyolefin composition comprising: a) 5-30 wt. % (based on the total weight of the polyolefin composition) of at least one polypropylene homopolymer; b) 1-15 wt. % (based on the total weight of the polyolefin composition) of at least one polypropylene block copolymer; c) 20-50 wt. % (based on the total weight of the polyolefin composition) of a mixed plastic polypropylene blend of recycled materials; d) 35-55 wt. % (based on the total weight of the polyolefin composition) of glass fibers; and optionally further additives, wherein the sum of all components is always added to equal 100 wt. %, the polyolefin composition having a tensile modulus at 23°C (ISO 527-2) of at least 7000 MPa, a yield stress at 23°C (ISO 527-2) of at least 90 MPa, and at least 8.5 kJ / m 2 The present invention relates to a polyolefin composition having an impact strength (ISO 179-1, Charpy 1eA +23°C) of 1.000 MPa.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to polyolefin compositions comprising at least one polypropylene homopolymer, at least one polypropylene block copolymer, and recycled plastic materials, and articles comprising the polyolefin compositions. [Background technology]

[0002] Polyolefins, particularly polyethylene and polypropylene, are becoming increasingly consumed in large quantities in a wide range of applications, including food and other commodity packaging, textiles, automotive parts, and a wide variety of manufactured goods. Polyethylene-based materials are particularly problematic due to their widespread use in packaging. Given the large volume of waste recovered compared to the amount recycled back into the stream, significant potential remains for intelligent reuse of plastic waste streams and mechanical recycling of plastic waste.

[0003] Typically, recycled polypropylene volumes on the market are a mixture of both polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE), which is especially true for post-consumer waste streams. Furthermore, commercial recyclates from post-consumer waste sources are traditionally cross-contaminated with non-polyolefin materials, such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, and polystyrene, or non-polymeric substances, such as wood, paper, glass, or aluminum. These cross-contaminations dramatically limit the end-use of the recyclate stream, leaving no useful end-uses. In particular, polyolefin recyclates from post-consumer waste streams are a mixture of PE and PP. The better the quality of the recyclate, the less readily available it is and the higher its price.

[0004] Customers seeking recycled products are looking for stiffness-impact strength similar to virgin products. This is also true for reinforced glass fiber compounds for structural products. The quality issues of recycled compared to virgin can be overcome to some extent by reinforcing the recycled product, where the reinforcing particles physically bond the different domains (PP and PE).

[0005] Compositions containing virgin polymers (ie, polymers used for the first time) and recycled mixed plastics are being investigated.

[0006] WO2014 / 167493A1 describes a method for preparing a polyolefin blend comprising step (a) of blending together a base polymer blend MB and a polymer blend MPR, wherein said blend MPR is obtained from recycled post-consumer plastic materials.

[0007] Glass fiber (GF)-reinforced recycled mixed plastics are also being investigated. For example, recycled PP or PP / PE blends are reinforced with GF or hybrid GF with other fillers.

[0008] EP2845876B1 describes a composition containing two or more types of resin and glass fiber, which comprises a resin mixture containing waste polyethylene (PE) and waste polypropylene (PP); long glass fiber having a length of 10 mm or more; and a rubber-based resin, and the composition contains 3 to 30 parts by weight of the long glass fiber, 10 to 50 parts by weight of the rubber-based resin, and 10 to 35 parts by weight of LDPE per 100 parts by weight of the resin mixture.

[0009] EP3406662A1 describes a structurally reinforced plastic composite product made from recycled waste glass fibers and recycled polymer compounds, and a method for making the same. The reinforced composite article contains recycled glass fibers recovered from waste streams and functioning as fillers, the recycled glass fibers comprising 30-70% of the total weight of the reinforced composite article; a colorant in an amount of 1-2% of the total weight of the reinforced composite article; and a recycled resin recovered from waste streams, the recycled glass fibers being substantially wetted with a black colorant and a chemical binder. The recycled resin includes at least one of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), or an engineering-grade resin.

[0010] WO2018 / 086959A1 relates to glass fiber filler-containing polyolefin compositions and articles comprising virgin homopolymers and copolymers, 5 to 30 wt. % glass fiber filler, and a compatibilizer.

[0011] Bajracharya et al. ("Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Properties of Injection-Molded Glass Fiber-Reinforced Mixed Plastic Composites," Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2016, 84:393-405) and Bajracharya et al. ("Durability Characteristics and Property Prediction of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Mixed Plastic Composites," Composites Part B: Engineering, 2017, 116:16-29) used flake-form PE / PP recycled materials from Repeat Plastics (Replas) Pty., Australia, recovered from post-consumer and post-industrial waste plastics. The recycled materials had a tensile modulus of 906 MPa. They were reinforced with 10, 20, and 30% glass fiber (length: 4.0 mm, diameter: 13.7 μm). A maximum tensile modulus of 3068 MPa was achieved with 30% glass fiber. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0012] [Patent Document 1] International Publication No. 2014 / 167493 [Patent Document 2] European Patent No. 2845876 [Patent Document 3] European Patent Application Publication No. 3406662 [Patent Document 4] International Publication No. 2018 / 086959 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0013] Thus, there are examples of reinforced recycled materials that simultaneously have good tensile modulus and impact strength. However, it would be advantageous to provide polyolefin compositions that also contain post-consumer recycled materials (PCR) to make the final solution more economically friendly in terms of CO2 footprint, while still having properties similar to virgin polymers.

[0014] It was therefore an object of the present invention to provide a polyolefin composition comprising a blend of polyolefin material recovered from waste plastic materials and virgin polymer, which has an improved stiffness-impact strength balance and high tensile strength. [Means for solving the problem]

[0015] This object has been achieved by providing the following polyolefin composition: a) 5 to 30 wt. % (based on the total weight of the polyolefin composition) of at least one polypropylene homopolymer; b) 1 to 15 wt. % (based on the total weight of the polyolefin composition) of at least one polypropylene block copolymer; c) 20-50 wt. % (based on the total weight of the polyolefin composition) of a mixed plastic polypropylene blend of recycled materials having: (i) a crystalline fraction (CF) content, as determined according to CRYSTEX QC analysis, in the range of 85.0 to 95.0 wt.%; and (ii) a soluble fraction (SF) content, determined according to CRYSTEX QC analysis, in the range of 5.0 to 15.0 wt. %; whereby (iii) The crystalline fraction (CF) is quantitatively in the range of 93.0 to 99.0 wt.%. 13 having a propylene content (C3(CF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy; and thereby (iv) The crystalline fraction (CF) is in the range of 1.0 to 6.0% by weight, quantitatively 13 having an ethylene content (C(CF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy; and (v) the soluble fraction (SF) has an intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) in the range of 1.0 to 2.0 dl / g, and As a result, (vi) The mixed plastic polypropylene blend has the following CIE LAB color space (L * a * b * ) has: -L * :30-97.0, especially 50-97.0; -a * : -10.0 to 16.0, especially -8 or more and less than 10.0; -b * :-5.0~25.0, especially -2~22.0; d) 35 to 55 wt. % (based on the total weight of the polyolefin composition) of glass fibers; and Optionally, further additives wherein the total of all components is always added to equal 100% by weight, The polyolefin composition comprises: - Tensile modulus at 23 ° C (ISO 527-2) of at least 7000 MPa; a yield tensile stress at 23°C (ISO 527-2) of at least 90 MPa; and -At least 8.5kJ / m 2 impact strength (ISO 179-1, Charpy 1eA +23°C); It has. [Effects of the Invention]

[0016] Thus, blending high quality recycled polypropylene with virgin polypropylene homopolymer, virgin polypropylene block copolymer, and glass fiber results in a polyolefin composition with excellent mechanical properties, particularly tensile strength and stiffness, while retaining properties of the final composition comparable to those of virgin polymers.

[0017] The recycled-containing composition is characterized by a high tensile modulus combined with a high tensile stress. The performance of different types of polymers and combinations of recycled materials with glass fiber reinforcement is not easily predictable. It is particularly difficult to predict the tensile modulus and tensile stress due to the interactions between the various components. Furthermore, recycled polyolefins are typically contaminated with polar polymers (e.g., PA, PET) or other non-PO materials, such as PS or fillers, making the precise calculation of final mechanical performance more difficult. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0018] The term "virgin" means a newly manufactured material and / or object that has not been recycled, prior to its first use. If the origin of the polymer is not explicitly stated, the polymer is a "virgin" polymer.

[0019] For purposes of this specification and the claims that follow, the term "recycled" is used to indicate that a material is recovered from post-consumer and / or post-industrial waste. Post-consumer waste refers to materials that have completed at least their first use cycle (or life cycle), i.e., have already fulfilled their first purpose and passed through the consumer, while post-industrial waste typically refers to manufacturing scrap that does not reach the consumer. In the context of the present invention, "recycled polymer" may also contain up to 17% by weight, preferably up to 3% by weight, more preferably up to 1% by weight, and even more preferably up to 0.1% by weight, of other components derived from said first use, based on the total weight of the recycled polymer. The type and amount of these components affect the physical properties of the recycled polymer. The physical properties shown below relate to the main components of the recycled polymer.

[0020] Mixed plastics refers to the presence of small amounts of compounds not typically found in virgin polypropylene blends, such as polystyrene, polyamides, polyesters, wood, paper, limonene, aldehydes, ketones, fatty acids, metals, and / or long-term degradation products of stabilizers. Virgin polypropylene blends refer to blends obtained directly from the manufacturing process, without intermediate uses. As a matter of definition, "mixed plastics" can be equated with detectable amounts of polystyrene and / or polyamide-6 and / or limonene and / or fatty acids.

[0021] According to the present invention, the total amount of all virgin polypropylene homopolymers used in the polyolefin composition is added in the range of 5 to 30 wt %, preferably 8 to 25 wt %, more preferably 9 to 22 wt % (based on the total weight of the polyolefin composition).

[0022] According to the present invention, the total amount of all virgin polypropylene block copolymers used in the polyolefin composition is added in the range of 1 to 15 wt %, preferably 3 to 10 wt %, more preferably 4 to 8 wt % (based on the total weight of the polyolefin composition).

[0023] The amount of mixed plastic polypropylene blend used in the polyolefin composition, preferably recovered from waste plastic materials originating from post-consumer waste and / or industrial waste, according to the present invention is in the range of 20-50 wt. %, preferably 25-45 wt. %, more preferably 30-42 wt. % (based on the total weight of the polyolefin composition).

[0024] The amount of glass fiber used in the polyolefin composition according to the present invention ranges from 35 to 55% by weight, preferably from 38 to 50% by weight, more preferably from 38 to 45% by weight (based on the total weight of the polyolefin composition).

[0025] It is understood that additional additives may be included in the polyolefin composition and that the total of all components always adds up to 100 wt. % in each embodiment described herein.

[0026] According to one embodiment, the polyolefin composition comprises: a) 8 to 28 wt. %, more preferably 9 to 22 wt. % (based on the total weight of the polyolefin composition) of at least one polypropylene homopolymer; b) 3 to 10 wt. %, more preferably 4 to 8 wt. % (based on the total weight of the polyolefin composition) of at least one polypropylene block copolymer; c) 25 to 45 wt. %, more preferably 30 to 42 wt. % (based on the total weight of the polyolefin composition) of a mixed plastic polypropylene blend; d) 38 to 50 wt. %, preferably 38 to 45 wt. % (based on the total weight of the polyolefin composition) of glass fibers; and optionally further additives; where all ingredients are added to add up to 100% by weight.

[0027] In one embodiment, the polyolefin composition is further characterized by a melt flow rate MFR2 (ISO 1133, 2.16 kg, 230°C) of at least 3.0 g / 10 min, preferably at least 3.5 g / 10 min, more preferably at least 4.0 g / 10 min, especially in the range of 3.0 to 15 g / 10 min, preferably 3.5 to 10 g / 10 min, more preferably 4.0 to 10 g / 10 min.

[0028] In another embodiment, the polyolefin composition is characterized by a tensile modulus (ISO 527-2) of at least 8000 MPa, preferably at least 8500 MPa, more preferably at least 9000 MPa, in particular in the range of 8000 to 15000 MPa, more in particular in the range of 8000 to 10000 MPa.

[0029] In a further embodiment, the polyolefin composition has a yield tensile stress at 23°C (50 mm / min, ISO 527-2) of at least 95 MPa, preferably at least 100 MPa, more preferably at least 105 MPa, in particular in the range of 90 to 200 MPa, more in particular in the range of 100 to 150 MPa.

[0030] In yet another embodiment, the polyolefin composition has a tensile stress at break (50 mm / min, ISO 527-2) at 23°C of at least 90 MPa, preferably at least 95 MPa, more preferably at least 100 MPa, even more preferably at least 105 MPa, in particular in the range of 90 to 200 MPa, more in particular in the range of 100 to 150 MPa.

[0031] In a further embodiment, the polyolefin composition has a viscosity of at least 9.0 kJ / m 2 , preferably at least 9.5 kJ / m 2 , especially 9.0 to 15.0 kJ / m 2 in the range of 9.5 to 13.0 kJ / m 2in the range of 10 to 12.0 kJ / m 2 It has an impact strength (ISO 179-1, Charpy 1eA +23°C) in the range of

[0032] [Virgin polypropylene homopolymer] In one embodiment of the polyolefin composition, more than one virgin polypropylene homopolymer may be used, however, the use of one virgin polypropylene homopolymer is preferred.

[0033] Thus, in one embodiment, the polyolefin composition may comprise: a1) at least one first polypropylene homopolymer; a2) at least one second polypropylene homopolymer; wherein said at least one first polypropylene homopolymer and said at least one second polypropylene homopolymer differ from each other in their melt flow rates MFR2 (measured according to ISO 1133 at 230°C under a load of 2.16 kg).

[0034] Thus, the polyolefin composition may contain two virgin polypropylene homopolymers with different melt flow rates, which allows for easy tailoring of the melt flow rate of the final polyolefin composition.

[0035] The polypropylene homopolymer used as the virgin homopolymer in the present polyolefin composition is selected from the group comprising: a polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-1) having a melt flow rate MFR2 (measured according to ISO 1133 at 230°C, 2.16 kg) in the range of 5 to 15 g / 10 min, preferably 5 to 10 g / 10 min, more preferably 8 g / 10 min; and / or Polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-2) having a melt flow rate MFR2 (230°C, 2.16 kg, measured according to ISO 1133) in the range of 10 to 30 g / 10 min, preferably 15 to 25 g / 10 min, more preferably 20 g / 10 min.

[0036] The properties and characteristics of various polypropylene homopolymers that may be used in the polyolefin composition are described below.

[0037] [Polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-1)] The at least one polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-1) has a melt flow rate MFR2 (measured according to ISO 1133 at 230°C and 2.16 kg) in the range of 5 to 15 g / 10 min, preferably 5 to 10 g / 10 min, more preferably 8 g / 10 min, and a tensile modulus (ISO 178) higher than 800 MPa, preferably higher than 1000 MPa, more preferably higher than 1300 MPa.

[0038] The polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-1) has a melting temperature of at least 150° C., preferably at least 158° C., preferably in the range of 158 to 167° C., for example 162° C. The polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-1) may have a flexural modulus, measured according to ISO 178, of at least 500 MPa, preferably at least 1000 MPa, preferably in the range of 1200 to 2000 MPa, for example 1400 MPa.

[0039] A preferred material as polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-1) is commercially available, inter alia, from Borealis AG (Austria) under the name HD601CF. Alternative suitable materials are highly crystalline polypropylene homopolymers, as described, for example, in WO 03 / 031174 A2.

[0040] [Polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-2)] The at least one polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-2) has a melt flow rate MFR2 (230°C, 2.16 kg, measured according to ISO 1133) in the range of 10 to 30 g / 10 min, preferably 15 to 25 g / 10 min, preferably 20 g / 10 min, and a tensile modulus (ISO 527-2) higher than 1800 MPa, preferably higher than 2000 MPa, most preferably 2200 MPa.

[0041] The polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-2) consists essentially of propylene units, i.e., greater than 99.7% by weight, and even more preferably at least 99.8% by weight, based on the weight of the propylene homopolymer (PPH-2). In a preferred embodiment, only propylene units are detectable in the propylene homopolymer (PPH-2).

[0042] The polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-2) is understood to be characterized by a low amount of xylene cold soluble (XCS) fraction. The polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-2) may have an amount of xylene cold soluble (XCS) fraction of 4.0 wt % or less, preferably 3.0 wt % or less, more preferably 2.5 wt % or less, for example, in the range of 0.1 to 4.0 wt %, preferably 0.1 to 3.0 wt %, more preferably 0.1 to 2.5 wt %, based on the weight of the polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-2).

[0043] The polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-2) may have a heat deflection temperature (HDT) measured according to ISO 75-2 of at least 90°C, preferably at least 100°C, more preferably at least 115°C, for example in the range of 90 to 160°C, preferably in the range of 100 to 150°C, more preferably 115 to 130°C.

[0044] Polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-2) has a Charpy impact strength of at least 1.0 kJ / m, measured at 23°C according to ISO 179-1eA. 2 , preferably at least 2.0 kJ / m2 , e.g., 1.0 to 10 kJ / m 2 in the range of 2.0 to 5.0 kJ / m 2 in the range of, for example, 2.5 kJ / m 2 The polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-2) may have a flexural modulus, measured according to ISO 178, of at least 500 MPa, preferably at least 1500 MPa, for example in the range of 500 to 3500 MPa, preferably in the range of 1500 to 2500 MPa, for example 2000 MPa.

[0045] The polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-2) may contain a nucleating agent, preferably a polymeric nucleating agent, more preferably an α-nucleating agent, such as a polymeric α-nucleating agent. The content of the α-nucleating agent in the polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-2) is preferably 5.0 wt% or less. In a preferred embodiment, the polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-2) contains 3000 ppm or less, more preferably 1 to 2000 ppm, of the α-nucleating agent.

[0046] Polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-2) is known in the art and is commercially available, for example, from Borealis AG under the name HF955MO. The use of PPH-2 is preferred.

[0047] [Virgin polypropylene block copolymer] The properties and characteristics of the virgin polypropylene block copolymers that can be used in the present polyolefin compositions are described below.

[0048] [Polypropylene block copolymer (PBC-1)] In one embodiment, the at least one polypropylene block copolymer (PBC-1) has a melt flow rate (230°C / 2.16 kg) of at least 0.10 g / 10 min, preferably at least 0.20 g / 10 min, in particular in the range of 0.20 to 2.0 g / 10 min, more in particular in the range of 0.20 to 1.5 g / 10 min, for example 0.20 to 0.32 g / 10 min.

[0049] Polypropylene block copolymer (PBC-1) has a thermal conductivity of at least 40 kJ / m 2 , preferably at least 50 kJ / m 2 , e.g., 40 to 60 kJ / m 2 in the range of 45-55kJ / m 2 in the range of, for example, 50 kJ / m 2 The polypropylene block copolymer (PBC-1) may have a Charpy notched impact strength (NIS) measured according to ISO 179-1 eA at 23°C of at least 25 MPa, preferably at least 30 MPa, for example in the range of 25 to 45 MPa, preferably in the range of 30 to 35 MPa, for example 31 MPa, measured according to ISO 527-2. The density may be 800 to 1000 kg / m 3 in the range of 850 to 950 kg / m 3 range, e.g. 900 kg / m 3 may be.

[0050] Polypropylene block copolymer (PBC-1) is known in the art and is commercially available, for example, from Borealis AG as BA212E.

[0051] [Mixed plastic polypropylene blend made from recycled materials] The mixed plastic polypropylene blend is obtained from the recycled waste stream of post-consumer plastic garbage.

[0052] Some raw materials potentially obtained from municipal waste collection systems are commercially available and can provide post-consumer plastic waste. Depending on consumer participation, the purity of these raw materials varies, and this is usually indicated by the collection system. Furthermore, intermediates after step b) can be screened to determine whether there are any predominantly colorless / natural plastic items that are obviously very old ("very old"). Discoloration (e.g., significant yellowing) and / or noticeable scratches on predominantly colorless / natural plastic items allow for sorting. Such a step allows for the removal of so-called substances of high concern. Substances such as Pb, Hg, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers have long been banned, but still exist in the real world because consumers tend to stockpile plastic items for years, for example in the form of plastic toys, and eventually dispose of them in collection systems. This additional screening step can be supported by analytical controls for substances of high concern.

[0053] Odor control and assessment can be accomplished by a number of methods, outlined, inter alia, in Demets, Ruben et al., "Development and application of an analytical method to quantify odor removal in plastic waste recycling processes," Resources, Conservation and Recycling 161 (2020): 104907, which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0054] Mixed-plastic polypropylene blends typically have a melt flow rate of 2.0 to 50 g / 10 min (ISO 1133, 2.16 kg; 230 °C). The melt flow rate can be influenced, for example, but not limited to, by splitting post-consumer plastic waste streams, such as those derived from extended producer responsibility programs like the German DSD, or by separating municipal solid waste into multiple fractions and recombining them in an appropriate manner. A further method for adjusting the melt flow rate of the final mixed-plastic polypropylene blend is to incorporate peroxides in the final pelletization step. Typically, the MFR ranges from 2.0 to 50 g / 10 min, preferably 5.0 to 40 g / 10 min, more preferably 10 to 30 g / 10 min, and most preferably 15 to 25 g / 10 min. This MFR range is particularly maintained for non-visbroken mixed-plastic polypropylene blends. Visbreaking can increase the MFR to 30 or 40 g / 10 min.

[0055] Typically, recyclability can be assessed by the presence of one or more of the following substances: a) polystyrene; b) Polyamide-6; c) Limonene determined using solid phase microextraction method (HS-SPME-GC-MS); d) Fatty acids determined using solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME-GC-MS).

[0056] Presence means detection limit. The detection limit for limonene and fatty acids in solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME-GC-MS) is less than 0.1 ppm. This means that trace amounts of these substances can easily be used to determine recyclability.

[0057] The following amounts are preferred: a) polystyrene: 0 to 2.0% by weight; more preferably 0 to 0.5% by weight; b) Polyamide-6: 0 to 1.5% by weight; more preferably 0 to 0.5% by weight; c) Limonene determined using solid phase microextraction method (HS-SPME-GC-MS): 0.1 ppm to 50 ppm; d) Fatty acids determined using solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME-GC-MS): 0.1 ppm to 200 ppm, more preferably 50 ppm.

[0058] Needless to say, the amounts of a), b), c), and d) should be as low as possible. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the mixed plastic polypropylene blend is polystyrene-free and polyamide-free, which means that both polymers are below the detection limit.

[0059] Different mixed plastic polypropylene blends can also be used.

[0060] [Mixed Plastic Polypropylene Blend (Blend A1)] In one embodiment, the mixed plastic polypropylene blend (Blend A1) has: (i) a crystalline fraction (CF) content, as determined according to CRYSTEX QC analysis, in the range of 86.0 to 94.0 wt.%, more preferably 90.0 to 94.0 wt.%; and (ii) a soluble fraction (SF) content, as determined according to CRYSTEX QC analysis, in the range of 6.0 to 14.0 wt.%, more preferably 6.0 to 10.0 wt.%; whereby (iii) The crystalline fraction (CF) has a quantitative crystalline content in the range of 93.0 to 99.0% by weight, preferably 95.0 to 98.0% by weight. 13 having a propylene content (C3(CF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy; and thereby (iv) The crystalline fraction (CF) is quantitatively in the range of 1 to 7% by weight, more preferably 2.0 to 5.0% by weight, and even more preferably 2.5 to 3.5% by weight. 13having an ethylene content (C(CF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy; and (v) the soluble fraction (SF) has an intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) of 1.2 dL / g or more and less than 1.8 dL / g, preferably in the range of 1.40 to 1.70 dL / g; As a result, (vi) The mixed plastic polypropylene blend has the following CIE LAB color space (L * a * b * ) has: -L * : 40-85, preferably 50-75; -a * :-8.00~10, more preferably -5.0~0.0; -b * : 0.0 or more and less than 10.0, more preferably 0.0 or more and less than 5.00.

[0061] The mixed plastic polypropylene blend (Blend A1) preferably has a melt flow rate MFR2 (ISO 1133, 2.16 kg, 230°C) of at least 10.0 g / 10 min, preferably at least 12.0 g / 10 min, more preferably at least 14.0 g / 10 min, especially in the range of 10.0 to 30.0 g / 10 min, preferably 12.0 to 25.0 g / 10 min, more preferably 14.0 to 20.0 g / 10 min.

[0062] The crystalline fraction (CF) content of Blend A1, determined according to CRYSTEX QC analysis, is preferably in the range of 90.0 to 94.0 wt. % and the soluble fraction (SF) content, determined according to CRYSTEX QC analysis, is in the range of 6.0 to 10.0 wt. %.

[0063] The mixed plastic polypropylene blend (Blend A1) preferably has a quantitative soluble fraction (SF) in the range of 20.0-30.0 wt.%, more preferably 20.0-28.0 wt.%, even more preferably 22.0-26.0 wt.%, and most preferably 23.0-25.0 wt.%, as determined by CRYSTEX QC analysis. 13 It has an ethylene content (C2(SF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy.

[0064] The mixed polypropylene blend (Blend A1) is preferably characterized by an odor (VDA270-B3) of 5.0 or less, preferably 4.7 or less, more preferably 4.0 or less, for example 3.5.

[0065] In a further embodiment, the mixed plastic polypropylene blend (Blend A1) has a large amplitude oscillatory shear-nonlinear modulus (LAOS-NLF) (190°C; 1000%) greater than 2.6, thereby

[0066]

number

[0067] This means: G1' is the first-order Fourier coefficient; G3' is the third-order Fourier coefficient; is.

[0068] The mixed plastic polypropylene blend (Blend A1) has a tensile modulus (ISO 527-2, crosshead speed 1 mm / min; 23°C) of at least 1300 MPa, preferably at least 1330 MPa, for example 1440 MPa, using injection-molded test specimens (dogbone shape, 4 mm thick) as described in EN ISO 1873-2.

[0069] The mixed plastic polypropylene blend (Blend A1) was found to have processability reflected by a shear thinning factor (STF), which is the ratio of η0.05 to η300, greater than 9.0, preferably greater than 10.0.

[0070] The notched Charpy impact strength (non-instrumented, ISO 179-1, +23°C) of the mixed plastic polypropylene blend (Blend A1) is preferably 4.5 kJ / m 2 Higher, preferably 5.0 kJ / m 2 Higher, most preferably 5.4 kJ / m 2 Higher, e.g. 6.9 kJ / m 2 is.

[0071] The process for obtaining the mixed plastic polypropylene blend A1 comprises the following steps: a) providing a precursor mixed plastics recycling stream (A); b) sieving the precursor mixed plastic recycle stream (A) to produce a sieved mixed plastic recycle stream (B) having only articles with a longest dimension in the range of 30 mm to 400 mm; c) sorting the sieved mixed plastic recycle stream (B) with one or more optical sorters, wherein the sieved mixed plastic recycle stream (B) is sorted at least by color, and optionally also by polyolefin type and / or article form, thereby producing one or more single color sorted polyolefin recycle streams (C) and a mixed color sorted polyolefin recycle stream (CM), wherein each of the one or more single color sorted polyolefin recycle streams (C) and the mixed color sorted polyolefin recycle stream (CM) is separately subjected to step d) onwards; d) shredding the sorted polyolefin recycle stream (C or CM) to form a flake polyolefin recycle stream (D); e) washing the flake polyolefin recycle stream (D) with a first aqueous wash liquid (W1) without input of thermal energy, thereby producing a first suspension polyolefin recycle stream (E); f) removing at least a portion, preferably substantially all, of the first aqueous wash liquid (W1) from the first suspended polyolefin recycle stream (E) to obtain a first washed polyolefin recycle stream (F); g) washing the first washed polyolefin recycle stream (F) with a second aqueous wash liquid (W2), thereby producing a second suspended polyolefin recycle stream (G), wherein sufficient thermal energy is introduced into the second suspended polyolefin recycle stream (G) to provide a temperature in the range of 65-95°C during washing; h) removing the second aqueous wash liquid (W2) and any material not suspended on the surface of the second aqueous wash liquid from the second suspended polyolefin recycle stream (G) to obtain a second washed polyolefin recycle stream (H); i) drying the second washed polyolefin recycle stream (H) to obtain a dried polyolefin recycle stream (I); j) optionally separating the dried polyolefin recycle stream (I) into a light fraction and a heavy fraction polyolefin recycle stream (J); k) optionally sorting the heavy fraction polyolefin recycle stream (J), or, if step j) is not present, the dried polyolefin recycle stream (I), for one or more target polyolefins using one or more optical sorters to remove flakes containing materials other than the one or more target polyolefins, to obtain a purified polyolefin recycle stream (K); l) optionally melt extruding and preferably pelletizing the purified polyolefin recycle stream (K), wherein additives (Ad) are preferably added in the melt state to form an extruded, preferably pelletized, recycled polyolefin product (L); and m) optionally aerating the recycled polyolefin product (L), or in the absence of step l), the purified polyolefin recycle stream (K), to remove volatile organic compounds, thereby producing a ventilated recycled polyolefin product (M), which is an ventilated extruded, preferably pelletized, recycled polyolefin product (M1) or a ventilated recycled polyolefin flake (M2); Here, the order of steps l) and m) can be reversed so that the purified polyolefin recycle stream (K) is first aerated to form aerated recycled polyolefin flake (M2) and then extruded to form an extruded, preferably pelletized, aerated recycled polyolefin product (M3), which is the polypropylene mixed color blend A1 described above.

[0072] [Mixed Plastic Polypropylene Blend (Blend A2)] In another embodiment, the mixed plastic polypropylene blend (Blend A2) has: (i) a crystalline fraction (CF) content, determined according to CRYSTEX QC analysis, in the range of 86.0 to 94.0 wt.%, preferably 91.0 to 94.0 wt.%; and (ii) a soluble fraction (SF) content, as determined according to CRYSTEX QC analysis, in the range of 6.0 to 14.0 wt.%, more preferably 6.0 to 9.0 wt.%; whereby (iii) The crystalline fraction (CF) is quantitatively crystalline in the range of 95.0 to 99.0% by weight, preferably 96.0 to 98.0% by weight. 13 having a propylene content (C3(CF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy; and thereby (iv) The crystalline fraction (CF) is quantitatively in the range of 1.0 to 5.0% by weight, preferably 2.0 to 4.0% by weight, more preferably 2.5 to 3.5% by weight. 13 having an ethylene content (C2(CF)) as determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy; and (v) the soluble fraction (SF) has an intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) in the range of 1.1 dl / g or more and less than 1.5 dl / g, preferably 1.25 dl / g or more and less than 1.45 dl / g; As a result, (vi) The mixed plastic polypropylene blend has the following CIE LAB color space (L * a * b * ) has: -L * : 72.0 to 97.0, preferably 80.0 to 97.0; -a * :-5.0~0.0; -b * :0.0 or greater and less than 22.0.

[0073] The mixed plastic polypropylene blend (Blend A2) preferably has a melt flow rate MFR2 (ISO 1133, 2.16 kg, 230°C) of at least 4.0 g / 10 min, preferably at least 6.0 g / 10 min, more preferably at least 7.0 g / 10 min, especially in the range of 4.0 to 12.0 g / 10 min, preferably 6.0 to 10.0 g / 10 min, more preferably 7.0 to 9.0 g / 10 min.

[0074] In one embodiment, Blend A2 has a crystalline fraction (CF) content, determined according to CRYSTEX QC analysis, preferably in the range of 91.0-94.0 wt.%, preferably 92-93 wt.%, and a soluble fraction (SF) content, determined according to CRYSTEX QC analysis, in the range of 6.0-9.0 wt.%, preferably 7.0-8.0 wt.%.

[0075] The mixed plastic polypropylene blend (Blend A2) preferably has a quantitative soluble fraction (SF) in the range of 10.0-25.0 wt.%, more preferably 12.0-25.0 wt.%, even more preferably 12.0-20.0 wt.%, and most preferably 14.0-19.0 wt.%, as determined by CRYSTEX QC analysis. 13It has an ethylene content (C2(SF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy.

[0076] The mixed plastic polypropylene blend (blend A2) is preferably characterized by an odor (VDA270-B3) of 4.0 or less, preferably 3.0.

[0077] In a further embodiment, the mixed plastic polypropylene blend has a large amplitude oscillatory shear - nonlinear modulus (LAOS-NLF) (190°C; 1000%) greater than 2.3, thereby

[0078]

number

[0079] This means: G1' is the first-order Fourier coefficient; G3' is the third-order Fourier coefficient; is.

[0080] The mixed plastic polypropylene blend has a tensile modulus (ISO 527-2 at 23°C at a crosshead speed of 1 mm / min) of at least 1200 MPa, preferably at least 1250 MPa, using injection-molded test specimens (dogbone shape, 4 mm thick) as described in EN ISO 1873-2. Typically, the tensile modulus (ISO 527-2 at 23°C at a crosshead speed of 1 mm / min) of the second embodiment will not be higher than 1400 MPa.

[0081] The mixed plastic polypropylene blends have been found to have excellent processability as they have a shear thinning factor (STF), which is the ratio of η0.05 to η300, greater than 13.0, preferably greater than 14.0.

[0082] The notched Charpy impact strength (non-instrumented, ISO 179-1, +23°C) of the mixed plastic polypropylene blend is preferably 6.0 kJ / m2 Higher, preferably 8.0 kJ / m 2 Higher, most preferably 8.3 kJ / m 2 Higher, e.g. 8.5kJ / m 2 is.

[0083] In a specifically preferred embodiment, the mixed plastic polypropylene blend (Blend A2) has a notched Charpy impact strength (NIS) according to ISO 179-1 eA at +23°C (1 eA) (non-instrumented, ISO 179-1, +23°C) of at least 8.0 kJ / m 2 , preferably 8.3 kJ / m 2 and thereby, the soluble fraction (SF) obtained by CRYSTEX QC analysis can be quantitatively 13 Preferably, the ethylene content (C2(SF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy is in the range of 12.0 to 20.0 wt.%, and more preferably, the mixed plastic polypropylene blend has the following CIE LAB color space (L * a * b) Having: -L * : 72.0 to 97.0, preferably 80.0 to 97.0; -a * :-5.0~0.0; -b * :0.0 or greater and less than 22.0.

[0084] In this particular preferred embodiment, the crystalline fraction (CF) content of Blend A2, determined according to CRYSTEX QC analysis, is preferably in the range of 91.0 to 94.0 wt. % and the soluble fraction (SF) content, determined according to CRYSTEX QC analysis, is in the range of 6.0 to 9.0 wt. %.

[0085] The process for obtaining the mixed plastic polypropylene blend A2 comprises the following steps: a) Providing post-consumer plastic waste; b) Providing post-consumer plastic materials by sorting goods made from polystyrene, polyamide, polyethylene, metal, paper, and wood; c) sorting colored goods to provide post-consumer plastic materials, including mainly white bottles, mainly white yogurt cups, mainly white cans, mainly colorless panels, mainly colorless components, etc.; d) Selected primarily white or colorless post-consumer plastic materials are crushed and washed in aqueous solutions containing various detergents, followed by drying and wind sifting and screening; e) subjecting the pretreated post-consumer plastic material to further sorting to remove non-polyolefin and colored fractions; f) extruding the material to obtain the polypropylene blend according to the present invention in the form of pellets; g) Optionally, aeration is carried out using an air stream having a temperature of at least 100°C, by preheating the post-consumer plastic material to such a temperature, preferably carried out at a temperature in the range of 100-130°C.

[0086] [Glass fiber] As described above, the polyolefin composition according to the present invention contains glass fibers, particularly short glass fibers. The glass fibers used in the polyolefin composition according to the present invention preferably have an average fiber length in the range of 2.0 to 10.0 mm, preferably in the range of 2.0 to 8.0 mm, even more preferably in the range of 2.0 to 6.0 mm, even more preferably in the range of 3.0 to 5.5 mm, and even more preferably in the range of 3.5 to 5.0 mm.

[0087] It is further preferred that the glass short fibers used in the fiber-reinforced composite material have an average diameter of preferably 5 to 20 μm, more preferably 8 to 18 μm, even more preferably 8 to 15 μm, even more preferably 10 to 15 μm, preferably 11 to 14 μm, preferably 12 to 14 μm, even more preferably 12.3 to 13.7 μm, and even more preferably 12.5 to 13.5 μm.

[0088] In one preferred embodiment, glass fibers having a fiber length of 3.0 to 5.0 mm (average 4.0 mm) and a fiber diameter of 12.3 to 13.7 μm (average 13 μm) are used. In another preferred embodiment, glass fibers having a fiber length of 3.5 to 5.5 mm (average 4.5 mm) and a fiber diameter of 12 to 14 μm (average 13 μm) are used.

[0089] [Coupling agent / dosing agent] In one embodiment, the polyolefin composition according to the present invention comprises at least one coupling agent. The at least one coupling agent is a functionalized polypropylene, in particular a polypropylene functionalized with maleic anhydride (MAH). The amount of coupling agent in the polyolefin composition may be 1 to 2 wt%, for example 1 wt% or 1.25 wt%.

[0090] In one embodiment, the polyolefin composition may comprise at least one dosing agent to accommodate fillers / pigments during extrusion. The at least one dosing agent has a melt flow rate MFR2 of 1 to 5 g / 10 min, preferably 2 to 3 g / 10 min, and a density of 800 to 100 kg / m 3 , preferably 900 to 950 kg / m 3 Such polymers are commercially available from Borealis AG. The amount of dosing agent in the polyolefin composition may be 1 to 2 wt. %, for example 1.2 to 1.4 wt. %.

[0091] [Additives] In a further embodiment, the polyolefin composition may contain further additives. Examples of additives for use in the composition include pigments or dyes (e.g., carbon black), stabilizers (antioxidants), antacids and / or anti-UV agents, antistatic agents, nucleating agents, and utilization agents (processing aids, etc.). Preferred additives are carbon black, at least one antioxidant, and / or at least one UV stabilizer.

[0092] Generally, the amount of these additives is in the range of 0 to 5.0% by weight, preferably in the range of 0.01 to 3.0% by weight, more preferably 0.01 to 2.0% by weight, based on the weight of the total composition.

[0093] Examples of antioxidants commonly used in the art include sterically hindered phenols (e.g., CAS number 6683-19-8, also sold by BASF as Irganox 1010 FF™), phosphorus-based antioxidants (e.g., CAS number 31570-04-4, sold by Clariant as Hostanox PAR 24(FF)™ and by BASF as Irgafos 168(FF)™), sulfur-based antioxidants (CAS number 693-36-7, sold by BASF as Irganox PS-802 FL™), nitrogen-based antioxidants (such as 4,4′-bis(1,1′-dimethylbenzyl)diphenylamine), or antioxidant blends. Preferred antioxidants are tris(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl)phosphite and / or octadecyl 3-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate.

[0094] Anti-acids are also commonly known in the art, such as calcium stearate, sodium stearate, zinc stearate, magnesium oxide and zinc oxide, synthetic hydrotalcites (e.g., SHT, CAS No. 11097-59-9), lactates and lactylates, and calcium stearate (CAS No. 1592-23-0) and zinc stearate (CAS No. 557-05-1).

[0095] Common antiblocking agents are natural silicas, such as diatomaceous earth (CAS No. 60676-86-0 (SuperfFloss™), CAS No. 60676-86-0 (SuperFloss E™) or CAS No. 60676-86-0 (Celite™) 499 (trademark)); synthetic silica (such as CAS No. 7631-86-9, CAS No. 7631-86-9, CAS No. 7631-86-9, CAS No. 7631-86-9, CAS No. 7631-86-9, CAS No. 7631-86-9, CAS No. 7631-86-9, CAS No. 112926-00-8, CAS No. 7631-86-9, or CAS No. 7631-86-9); silicates (such as aluminum silicate (kaolin) (CAS No. 1318-74-7), sodium aluminum silicate (CAS No. 1344-00-9), calcined kaolin (CAS No. 92704-41-1), aluminum silicate (CAS No. 1327-36-2), or calcium silicate (CAS No. 1344-95-2); synthetic zeolites (such as sodium calcium aluminosilicate hydrate) aluminosilicate hydrate, CAS No. 1344-01-0, CAS No. 1344-01-0), or sodium calcium aluminosilicate hydrate (CAS No. 1344-01-0).

[0096] Anti-UV agents are, for example, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-sebacate (CAS number 52829-07-9, Tinuvin 770); 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxy-benzophenone (CAS number 1843-05-6, Chimassorb 81). Preferred UV stabilizers are mixtures of low and / or high molecular weight UV stabilizers, such as n-hexadecyl-3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol and higher fatty acids (mainly stearic acid) and / or poly((6-morpholino-s-triazine-2,4-diyl)(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)imino)hexamethylene(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)imino)).

[0097] α-nucleating agents such as sodium benzoate (CAS number 532-32-1); 1,3:2,4-bis(3,4-dimethylbenzylidene) sorbitol (CAS number 135861-56-2, Millad 3988).

[0098] The α-nucleating agent can further be one of the following: (i) Soluble nucleating agents such as sorbitol derivatives, e.g., di(alkylbenzylidene)sorbitols such as 1,3:2,4-dibenzylidenesorbitol, 1,3:2,4-di(4-methylbenzylidene)sorbitol, 1,3:2,4-di(4-ethylbenzylidene)sorbitol, and 1,3:2,4-bis(3,4-dimethylbenzylidene)sorbitol, and nonitol derivatives, e.g., 1,2,3-trideoxy-4,6;5,7-bis- Benzene trisamides such as O-[(4-propylphenyl)methylene]nonitol, and substituted 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxamides such as N,N',N''-tris-tert-butyl-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxamide, N,N',N''-tris-cyclohexyl-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxamide, and N-[3,5-bis-(2,2-dimethyl-propionylamino)-phenyl]-2,2-dimethyl-propionamide. (ii) salts of monocarboxylic and polycarboxylic acids, for example, sodium benzoate or aluminum tert-butylbenzoate; (iii) salts of diesters of phosphoric acid, such as sodium 2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphate or aluminum hydroxy-bis[2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-di-t-butylphenyl)phosphate], and hydroxybis(2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-6-hydroxy-12Hdibenzo(d,g)(1,3,2)dioxaphosphocin 6-oxidato)aluminum; and (iv) inorganic nucleating agents such as talcum;

[0099] Suitable antistatic agents are, for example, glycerol esters (CAS No. 97593-29-8) or ethoxylated amines (CAS No. 71786-60-2 or 61791-31-9) or ethoxylated amides (CAS No. 204-393-1).

[0100] Typically, these additives are added in amounts of 100 to 2,000 ppm for each individual component of the polymer.

[0101] More specific embodiments of the present composition will be described below.

[0102] In a first embodiment, there is provided a polyolefin composition comprising: a) 9 to 22 wt. % (based on the total weight of the polyolefin composition) of at least one polypropylene homopolymer; b) 4 to 6 wt. % (based on the total weight of the polyolefin composition) of at least one polypropylene block copolymer; c) 25-45 wt. % (based on the total weight of the polyolefin composition) of a mixed plastic polypropylene blend (Blend A1); d) 38 to 42 weight percent (based on the total weight of the polyolefin composition) of glass fibers; and Optionally, further additives are added so that the total of all components equals 100% by weight.

[0103] Such a first polyolefin composition may have: a melt flow rate MFR2 (measured according to ISO 1133 at 230 ° C, 2.16 kg) in the range of 3.0 to 8.0 g / 10 min, preferably in the range of 3.3 to 7.0 g / 10 min, more preferably in the range of 3.5 to 6.0 g / 10 min; - a tensile modulus (ISO 527-2) of at least 8500 MPa, preferably at least 9000 MPa; - a yield tensile stress at 23 ° C of at least 95 MPa, preferably at least 100 MPa; a tensile breaking stress at 23 ° C of at least 95 MPa, preferably at least 100 MPa; - at least 9.0 kJ / m 2 , preferably at least 9.5 kJ / m 2 Impact strength (ISO 179-1, Charpy 1eA +23°C).

[0104] In a second embodiment, there is provided a polyolefin composition comprising: a) 9 to 22 wt. % (based on the total weight of the polyolefin composition) of at least one polypropylene homopolymer; b) 4 to 6 wt. % (based on the total weight of the polyolefin composition) of at least one polypropylene block copolymer; c) 25-45 wt. % (based on the total weight of the polyolefin composition) of a mixed plastic polypropylene blend (Blend A2); d) 38 to 42 weight percent (based on the total weight of the polyolefin composition) of glass fibers; and Optionally, further additives are added so that the total of all components equals 100% by weight.

[0105] Such a second polyolefin composition may have: a melt flow rate MFR2 (measured according to ISO 1133 at 230°C, 2.16 kg) in the range of 3.5 to 8.0 g / 10 min; preferably in the range of 4.0 to 7.0 g / 10 min, more preferably in the range of 4.3 to 6.0 g / 10 min; - a tensile modulus (ISO 527-2) of at least 8500 MPa, preferably at least 8700 MPa; - a yield tensile stress at 23 ° C of at least 100 MPa, preferably at least 105 MPa; a tensile breaking stress at 23 ° C of at least 100 MPa, preferably at least 105 MPa; -At least 10.0 kJ / m 2 , preferably at least 11 kJ / m 2 Impact strength (ISO 179-1, Charpy 1eA+23°C).

[0106] It should be noted that the impact strength, yield tensile stress, and tensile stress at break differ depending on the type of mixed plastic polypropylene blend (i.e., Blend A1 or Blend A2). In particular, the use of mixed plastic polypropylene blends such as Blend A2 improves the impact strength, yield tensile stress, and tensile stress at break.

[0107] It is understood that the present invention also refers to a process for producing a polyolefin composition as defined herein, said process comprising the following steps: - providing a mixture of at least one polypropylene homopolymer, at least one polypropylene block copolymer, a mixed plastic polypropylene blend of recycled materials, glass fibers, and at least one coupling agent in the required amount; - melting the mixture in an extruder; Optionally, the polyolefin composition obtained is pelletized.

[0108] For purposes of the present invention, mixing and melting can be accomplished using any suitable melting and mixing means known in the art.

[0109] However, the melting and mixing step is preferably carried out in a mixer and / or blender, a high-shear or low-shear mixer, a high-speed blender, or a twin-screw extruder. Most preferably, the melting and mixing step is carried out in a twin-screw extruder, such as a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. Such twin-screw extruders are well known in the art, and those skilled in the art will adapt the melting and mixing conditions (e.g., melting temperature, screw speed, etc.) according to the process equipment.

[0110] The polyolefin compositions of the present invention can be used in a wide range of applications, such as, for example, the manufacture of structural products, pumps, fans, home appliances, automotive parts, pipes and fittings, packaging, caps and closures. [Example]

[0111] [Experimental Section] The following examples are included to demonstrate certain aspects and embodiments of the claimed invention. However, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the following descriptions are merely illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way.

[0112] [Test method] The following definitions of terms and determination methods apply to the above general description of the invention as well as to the following examples, unless otherwise defined.

[0113] a) CRYSTEX Determination of crystalline and soluble fractions and their respective characteristics (IV and ethylene content) The crystalline fraction (CF) and soluble fraction (SF) of polypropylene (PP) compositions, as well as the comonomer content and intrinsic viscosity of each fraction, were analyzed using a CRYSTEX instrument from Polymer Char (Valencia, Spain). For details of the methodology and procedures, please refer to the literature (Ljiljana Jeremic, Andreas Albrecht, Martina Sandholzer & Markus Gahleitner (2020), Rapid characterization of high-impact ethylene-propylene copolymer composition by crystallization extraction separation: comparability to standard separation methods, International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization, 25:8, 581-596). Crystalline and amorphous fractions are separated through a temperature cycle of dissolution at 160 °C, crystallization at 40 °C, and redissolution in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene at 160 °C. Quantification of SF and CF and determination of ethylene content (C2) are performed using an integrated infrared detector (IR4), and determination of intrinsic viscosity (IV) is performed using an online two-capillary viscometer. The IR4 detector detects two distinct bands (CH stretching vibrations (centered at approximately 2960 cm) -1 ) and CH stretching vibration (2700-3000 cm -1 )) is a multi-wavelength detector that measures the IR absorption of ethylene-propylene copolymers and is useful for determining the concentration and ethylene content of ethylene-propylene copolymers. The IR4 detector measures ethylene content ( 13 A series of eight EP copolymers with ethylene content (determined by C-NMR) were used to calibrate the polymers, each at various concentrations ranging from 2 to 13 mg / ml. To simultaneously characterize both concentration and ethylene content for the various polymer concentrations expected during Crystex analysis, the following calibration equation was applied:

[0114] Concentration=a+b * Abs(CH)+c * (Abs(CH)) 2 +d * Abs(CH3)+e * (Abs(CH3) 2 +f * Abs(CH) * Abs(CH3)...(Formula 1) CH3 / 1000C=a+b * Abs(CH)+c * Abs(CH3)+d * (Abs(CH3) / Abs(CH))+e * (Abs(CH3) / Abs(CH)) 2 ...(Formula 2)

[0115] Constants a to e in Equation 1 and constants a to f in Equation 2 were determined using least squares regression analysis.

[0116] CH3 / 1000C is converted to ethylene content (wt%) using the following relationship: Wt% (ethylene in EP copolymer) = 100-CH3 / 1000TC * 0.3...(Equation 3)

[0117] The amounts of soluble fraction (SF) and crystalline fraction (CF) are correlated through XS calibration with the "xylene cold soluble (XCS)" quantity and the respective "xylene cold insoluble (XCI)" fraction, determined according to standard gravimetric methods in accordance with ISO 16152. XS calibration is achieved by testing various EP copolymers with XS contents ranging from 2 to 31 wt%. The determined XS calibration is linear: Weight% XS=1.01 * Weight% SF...(Formula 4)

[0118] The intrinsic viscosities (IV) of the parent EP copolymer and its soluble and crystalline fractions were measured using an online two-capillary viscometer and correlated with the corresponding IV measured by the standard method in decalin according to ISO 1628-3. Calibration is achieved using various EP PP copolymers with IV = 2-4 dL / g. The determined calibration curve is linear: IV(dL / g)=a * Vsp / c...(Formula 5)

[0119] The sample to be analyzed was weighed at a concentration of 10 mg / ml to 20 mg / ml. To avoid the injection of gels and / or polymers, such as PET and PA, which are insoluble in TCB at 160 °C, the weighed sample was packed into a stainless steel mesh with a MW of 0.077 mm and a D of 0.05 mm.

[0120] After automatic filling of the vial with 1,2,4-TCB containing 250 mg / L of 2,6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) as an antioxidant, the sample is dissolved at 160 °C with constant stirring at 400 rpm, typically for 60 minutes, until complete dissolution. To avoid sample degradation, the polymer solution is blanketed with N2 during dissolution.

[0121] A fixed amount of sample solution is injected into a column packed with an inert carrier, where the sample crystallizes and the soluble fraction is separated from the crystalline portion. This process is repeated twice. In the first injection, the entire sample is measured at high temperature to determine the IV (dl / g) and C2 (wt%) of the PP composition. In the second injection, the soluble (low temperature) and crystalline (high temperature) fractions following the crystallization cycle are measured (wt% SF, wt% C2, IV).

[0122] b) Quantification of microstructure by NMR spectroscopy (calibration only) Calibration was performed using quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Quantitative C{H} NMR spectra were recorded in solution on a Bruker Avance Neo 400 NMR spectrometer at 400.15 MHz for H and 100.62 MHz for C, respectively. All spectra were recorded at 125 °C using a 10 mm extended temperature probe head optimized for C, with nitrogen gas as the air pressure throughout. Approximately 200 mg of material was dissolved in approximately 3 ml of 1,2-tetrachloroethane-d2 (TCE-d2) along with approximately 3 mg of BHT (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, CAS 128-37-0) and chromium(III)-acetylacetonate (Cr(acac)3) to obtain a 60 mM solution of the relaxation agent in the solvent, as described in G. Singh, A. Kothari, V. Gupta, Polymer Testing, 2009, 28(5), 475.

[0123] To ensure a homogeneous solution, the NMR tube was further heated in a rotating oven for at least 1 h after initial sample preparation in a heat block. Once inserted into the magnet, the tube spun at 10 Hz. This setup was primarily chosen for its high resolution and quantitative nature, necessary for accurate ethylene content quantification. Standard single-pulse excitation without NOE was employed, using an optimized tip angle, a 1-second recycle delay, and a bi-level WALTZ16 decoupling scheme, as described in Z. Zhou, R. Kuemmerle, X. Qiu, D. Redwine, R. Cong, A. Taha, D. Baugh, B. Winniford, J. Mag. Reson. 187 (2007) 225 and V. Busico, P. Carbonniere, R. Cipullo, C. Pellecchia, J. Severn, G. Talarico, Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2007, 28, 1128. A total of 6144 (6k) transients were acquired per spectrum.

[0124] Quantitative 13C{1H} NMR spectra were processed and integrated to determine relevant quantitative properties. All chemical shifts were indirectly referenced to the central methylene group of the ethylene block (EEE) at 30.00 ppm using the solvent chemical shift. This approach allowed for equivalent referencing even in the absence of this structural unit.

[0125] A characteristic signal corresponding to ethylene incorporation was observed (as described in Cheng, HN, Macromolecules, 1984, 17, 1950), and the comonomer fraction was calculated as the ratio of ethylene in the polymer to the total monomers in the polymer: fE=(E / (P+E)).

[0126] Comonomer fractions were quantified by integrating multiple signals over the entire spectral region of the C{H} spectrum using the method of WJ. Wang and S. Zhu, Macromolecules, 2000, 33, 1157. The integration region was slightly adjusted to increase applicability over the full range of comonomer contents encountered.

[0127] The mole % incorporation of the comonomer was calculated from the mole fraction: E[mol%]=100 * fE.

[0128] The weight percent incorporation of the comonomer was calculated from the mole fraction: E[weight%]=100 * (fE * 28.06) / ((fE * 28.06)+((1-fE) * 42.08)).

[0129] c) The tensile modulus and the tensile stress at yield / tensile stress at break were measured in accordance with ISO 527-2 (crosshead speed = 1 mm / min, test speed 50 mm / min, 23 °C) using injection-molded test specimens (dogbone shape, 4 mm thick) as described in EN ISO 1873-2. The measurements were carried out after conditioning the test specimens for 96 hours.

[0130] d) Impact strength was measured as notched Charpy impact strength (1 eA) (non-instrumented, ISO 179-1, +23°C) using injection-molded specimens of 80 x 10 x 4 mm prepared according to EN ISO 1873-2.

[0131] e) Inorganic residue: TGA according to DIN ISO 1172:1996 using a Perkin Elmer TGA 8000. Approximately 10-20 mg of material was placed in a platinum pan. The temperature was equilibrated at 50°C for 10 minutes, then increased to 950°C at a rate of 20°C / min under nitrogen. Ash content was assessed as wt% at 850°C.

[0132] f) MFR: Melt flow rate was measured at 230°C under a load of 2.16 kg (MFR2). The melt flow rate is the amount of polymer extruded in grams at 230°C under a load of 2.16 kg in 10 minutes using a test apparatus standardized to ISO 1133.

[0133] g) Metal content It was determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF).

[0134] h) Paper and wood quantities (for administrative purposes only) Paper and wood can be measured by conventional laboratory methods such as grinding, flotation, microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).

[0135] i) Benzene content HS GC-MS 80℃ / 2h describes as follows:

[0136] Static Headspace Analysis The parameters of the applied static headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS / GC / MS) method are described.

[0137] 4.000±0.100 g of sample was weighed into a 20 ml HS vial and sealed with a PTFE cap.

[0138] The mass spectrometer was operated in scan mode and total ion chromatograms (TICs) were recorded for each analysis. Detailed information on the applied method parameters and data evaluation is provided below:

[0139] -HS parameters (Agilent G1888 headspace sampler) Vial equilibration time: 120 minutes Oven temperature: 80℃ Loop temperature: 205℃ Conveyor line temperature: 210℃ low vibration -GC parameters (Agilent 7890A GC system) Column: ZB-WAX 7HG-G007-22 (30 m x 250 μm x 1 μm) Carrier gas: Helium 5.0 Flow rate: 2ml / min Split: 5:1 GC oven program: 35°C for 0.1 min 10°C / min up to 250°C 250℃ for 1 minute -MS parameters (Agilent 5975C inert XL MSD) Acquisition mode: Scan Scan parameters: Low mass: 20 High mass: 200 Threshold: 10 -Software / Data Evaluation MSD ChemStation E.02.02.1431 MassHunter GC / MS Acquisition B.07.05.2479 AMDIS GC / MS Analysis Version 2.71 NIST Mass Spectral Library Version 2.0g -AMDIS Deconvolution Parameters Minimum Match Factor: 80 Threshold: Low Scan Direction: High to Low Data File Format: Agilent File Instrument Type: Quadrupole Component Width: 20 Adjacent Peak Subtraction: 2 Resolution: High Sensitivity: Very High Shape Requirement: Medium Solvent Tailoring: 44 m / z Column Bleed: 207 m / z Minimum Model Peaks: 2 Minimum S / N: 10 Minimum Specific Peaks: 0.5

[0140] Data Evaluation The TIC data was further deconvoluted using AMDIS software (see above parameters) and compared to a custom target library based on the mass spectral library (NIST). The custom target library contained the respective mass spectra of the selected substances (e.g., benzene). A substance was accepted as a "tentative identification" only if the recognized peak showed a minimum match factor of 80 and the matching was confirmed by an experienced mass spectrometry technician. ​​​​​​​​​​​​CIE L measured according to DIN EN ISO 11664-4 * a * b * In the uniform color space, the color coordinates are: * is the brightness coordinate; a * is the red / green coordinate, +a * indicates red, -a * indicates green; b * is the yellow / blue coordinate, +b * indicates yellow, -b * indicates blue. * , a * , and b * The coordinate axes define the three-dimensional CIE color space. Konica Minolta Standard Colorimeter CM-3700A.

[0142] k) Odor VDA270-B3 VDA 270 is a method for determining the odor characteristics of automotive trim materials. In this study, odor was determined according to VDA 270 (2018) variant B3. The odor of each sample was assessed by an individual assessor according to the VDA 270 scale after lifting the jar lid as little as possible. The six-point rating scale consisted of the following grades: Grade 1: Not perceptible; Grade 2: Perceptible but not bothersome; Grade 3: Clearly perceptible but not bothersome; Grade 4: Bothersome; Grade 5: Very bothersome; and Grade 6: Unacceptable. Evaluators remained calm during the evaluation and were not allowed to bias each other by discussing their individual results during the test. Furthermore, they were not allowed to adjust their ratings after testing another sample. For statistical reasons (and as permitted by VDA 270), assessors were forced to use the full scale for their evaluation. As a result, the odor rating was based on the average of all individual ratings and rounded to the nearest integer.

[0143] l) Limonene detection Quantification of limonene can be performed using solid phase microextraction by standard addition (HS-SPME-GC-MS). 50 mg of ground sample was weighed into a 20 mL headspace vial, and different concentrations of limonene and a glass-coated magnetic stir bar were added. The vial was then closed with a silicone / PTFE-lined magnetic cap. Using a microcapillary (10 pL), diluted limonene standards of known concentrations were added to the sample. Additions of 0, 2, 20, and 100 mg corresponded to 0, 0.1, 1, and 5 mg / kg of limonene. Additionally, standard doses of 6.6, 11, and 16.5 mg / kg of limonene were used in conjunction with some of the samples tested in this application. Quantitation was performed using ion-93 acquired in SIM mode. Concentration of the volatile fraction was performed by headspace solid-phase microextraction using a 2 cm stable flex 50 / 30 pm DVB / Carboxen / PDMS fiber at 60 °C for 20 min. Desorption is carried out directly in the heated injection port of the GCMS system at 270°C. GCMS parameters: Column: 30m HP 5 MS 0.25 * 0.25 Injector: Splitless, with 0.75mm SPME liner, 270℃ Temperature program: -10℃ (1 min) Carrier gas: Helium 5.0, linear velocity 31 cm / sec, constant flow rate MS: Single quadrupole, direct interface, interface temperature 280℃ Acquisition: SIM scan mode Scan parameters: 20~300amu SIM parameters: m / Z93, dwell time 100ms

[0144] m) Fatty acid detection Quantification of fatty acids is performed using headspace solid-phase microextraction by standard addition (HS-SPME-GC-MS). 50 mg of ground sample was weighed into a 20 mL headspace vial, and different concentrations of limonene and a glass-coated magnetic stir bar were added. The vial was then closed with a silicon / PTFE-lined magnetic cap. Using a 10 μL microcapillary, diluted free fatty acid standards (acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, and octanoic acid) of known concentrations were added to the sample in three separate steps. Additions of 0, 50, 100, and 500 mg corresponded to 0 mg / kg, 1 mg / kg, 2 mg / kg, and 10 mg / kg of each acid. For quantification, ion 60 acquired in SIM mode was used for all acids except propanoic acid, for which ion 74 was used. GCMS parameters: Column: 20m ZB Wax plus 0.25 * 0.25 Injector: Split 5:1, with glass lined split liner, 250℃ Temperature program: 40°C (1 min), up to 120°C @ 6°C / min, @ 15°C to 245°C (5 min) Carrier: Helium 5.0, linear velocity 40 cm / sec, constant flow rate MS: Single quadrupole, direct interface, interface temperature 220℃ Acquisition: SIM scan mode Scan parameters: 46-250 amu, 6.6 scans / sec SIM parameters: m / z 60, 74, 6.6 scans / sec

[0145] n) Presence of polyamide-6 and polystyrene 1601cm -1 (PS) and 3300 cm -1 By FTIR spectroscopy using the absorption band in (PA6).

[0146] o) Determination of contamination on plaque The plaques are injection molded and measure 150 x 80 x 2 mm. High-resolution images (photographs) are then taken of five plaques (close together). These images are analyzed by software that can automatically count (by eye) the number of visual defects due to contamination.

[0147] p) Dynamic shear measurement (Eta (2.7 kPa) and Eta (300 rad / s)) Characterization of polymer melts by dynamic shear measurements conforms to ISO standards 6721-1 and 6721-10. Measurements were performed using an Anton Paar MCR501 stress-controlled rotational rheometer equipped with 25 mm parallel plates. Measurements were performed on compression-molded plates using a nitrogen atmosphere and strain settings within the linear viscoelastic region. Oscillatory shear tests were performed at 230 °C over a frequency range of 0.01 to 600 rad / s with a gap of 1.3 mm.

[0148] In dynamic shear experiments, the probe is subjected to a homogeneous deformation with a sinusoidally varying shear strain or shear stress (strain-controlled and stress-controlled modes, respectively). In strain-controlled experiments, the probe is subjected to a sinusoidal strain, which is given by:

[0149]

number

[0150] If the applied strain is within the linear viscoelastic region, the resulting sinusoidal stress response is given by:

[0151]

number

[0152] where σ0 and γ0 are the stress and strain amplitudes, respectively. ω is the angular frequency, δ is the phase shift (loss angle between the applied strain and the stress response), t is time.

[0153] The results of dynamic testing are typically expressed in terms of several different rheological functions: the shear storage modulus G', the shear loss modulus G'', the complex shear modulus G * , complex shear viscosity η * , the dynamic shear viscosity η', the extra-interphase component of the complex shear viscosity η'', and the loss tangent tanδ, which can be expressed as follows:

[0154]

number

[0155] ETA (x kPa) is determined according to Equation 9.

[0156]

number

[0157] For example, ETA (2.7 kPa) is defined by the value of complex viscosity determined when the value of complex modulus is equal to 2.7 kPa.

[0158] Eta (x rad / s) is determined according to Equation 10.

[0159]

number

[0160] For example, ETA(300 rad / s) is defined by the value of the complex viscosity determined at a frequency sweep of 300 rad / s.

[0161] q) Shear thinning coefficient (STF) is defined as follows:

[0162]

number

[0163] The value is determined by a one-point interpolation procedure defined by the Rheoplus software. * If the value is not reached experimentally, it is determined by extrapolation using the same procedure as above. In both cases (interpolation or extrapolation), the Rheoplus options "Interpolate y values ​​from parameters to x values" and "Logarithmic interpolation type" were applied. ([1] "Rheological characterization of polyethylene fractions" Heino, EL, Lehtinen, A., Tanner J., Seppala, J., Neste Oy, Porvoo, Finland, Theor. Appl. Rheol., Proc. Int. Congr. Rheol, 11th (1992), 1, 360-362; [2] "The influence of molecular structure on some rheological properties of polyethylene", Heino, EL, Borealis Polymers Oy, Porvoo, Finland, Annual Transactions of the Nordic Rheology Society, 1995.); [3] Definition of terms relating to the non-ultimate mechanical properties of polymers, Pure & Appl. Chem., Vol. 70, No. 3, pp. 701-754, 1998)

[0164] r) Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear (LAOS) The investigation of nonlinear viscoelastic behavior under shear flow was carried out using a large amplitude oscillatory shear technique. This method requires the application of a sinusoidal strain amplitude γ0 at a given angular frequency ω for a given time t. If the applied sinusoidal strain is sufficiently large, a nonlinear response is produced. In this case, the stress σ is a function of the applied strain amplitude, time, and angular frequency. Under these conditions, the nonlinear stress response, while still a periodic function, can no longer be represented by a single harmonic sinusoid. The stress resulting from the nonlinear viscoelastic response [0-0] can be expressed as a Fourier series with the following higher-order harmonic contributions:

[0165]

number

[0166] where: σ: Stress response t: time ω: frequency γ0: Strain amplitude n: harmonic number G' n :nth-order elastic Fourier coefficient G'' n :nth-order viscous Fourier coefficient is.

[0167] The nonlinear viscoelastic response was analyzed by applying large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS). Time sweep measurements were performed using an Alpha Technologies RPA 2000 rheometer coupled with a standard biconical die. During the measurements, the test chamber was sealed and subjected to a pressure of approximately 6 MPa. LAOS tests were performed at a temperature of 190°C, an angular frequency of 0.628 rad / s, and a strain of 1000%. To ensure steady state conditions were reached, the nonlinear response was determined after at least 20 cycles per measurement were completed. The large amplitude oscillatory shear nonlinearity factor (LAOS_NLF) is defined as:

[0168]

number

[0169] where: G'1: 1st order Fourier coefficient G'3: Third-order Fourier coefficient. is.

[0170] (J. M. Dealy, K. F. Wissbrun, Melt Rheology and Its Role in Plastics Processing: Theory and Applications; edited by Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York (1990); S. Filipe, Non-Linear Rheology of Polymer Melts, AIP Conference Proceedings 1152, pp. 168-174 (2009); M. Wilhelm, Macromol. Mat. Eng. 287, 83-105 (2002); S. Filipe, K. Hofstadler, K. Klimke, A. T. Tran, Non-Linear Rheological Parameters for Characterisation of Molecular Structural Properties in Polyolefins, Proceedings of Annual European Rheology Conference, 135 (2010); S. Filipe, K. Klimke, A. T. Tran, J. Reussner, Proceedings of Novel Non-Linear Rheological Parameters for Molecular Structural Characterisation of Polyolefins, Novel Trends in Rheology IV, Zlin, Check Republik (2011); K. Klimke, S. Filipe, A. T. Tran, Non-linear rheological parameters for characterization of molecular structural properties in polyolefins, Proceedings of European Polymer Conference, Granada, Spain (2011))。

[0171] Table 1 summarizes some examples (Comparative Examples - CE; Inventive Examples - IE).

[0172] A blend of various recycled materials was used, with the following characteristics:

[0173] Blend A1: C2 (CF) content: 2-3 wt%, C2 (SF) content: 24-25 wt%, C3 (CF) content: 95-96 wt%, MFR2: 14-17 g / 10 min, tensile modulus: 1300-1450 MPa, impact strength (Charpy test at 23°C): 5-6 kJ / m 2 .

[0174] Blend A2: C2 (CF) content: 2-3 wt%, C2 (SF) content: 17-18 wt%, C3 (CF) content: 97-98 wt%, MFR2: 7-8 g / 10 min, tensile modulus: 1250-1300 MPa, impact strength (Charpy test at 23°C): 8-9 kJ / m 2 .

[0175] Blend A1 / A2 was obtained in a process for obtaining mixed plastic polypropylene, as described above, which included a step of further sorting out old ("very old") predominantly colorless / natural plastic articles, recognizable by discoloration (e.g., noticeable yellowing) and / or noticeable scratches on the predominantly colorless / natural plastic articles.

[0176] In the comparative examples, further recycled blends of mixed plastic polypropylene are used, these further blends being characterized by a higher ethylene C2 content.

[0177] Blend A3: total C2 content: 9-10 wt%, C2(CF) content: 8-12 wt%, C2(SF) content: 29-34 wt%.

[0178] Blend A3 is a post-consumer recycled polypropylene-based material with a 920 kg / m 3(determined according to DIN EN ISO 1183), a melt flow rate of 14.1 g / 10 min (determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133, 230°C / 2.16 kg), a moisture content of less than 0.1% (determined by infrared moisture analyzer, 105°C), a tensile modulus of more than 1100 MPa (determined according to DIN EN ISO 527, 1 mm / min), a yield stress of more than 25 MPa (determined according to DIN EN ISO 527, 50 mm / min), and a tensile strain of more than 180% (determined according to DIN EN ISO 527, 50 mm / min).

[0179] Blend A4: total C2 content: 10-12 wt%, C2(CF) content: 7-10 wt%, C2(SF) content: 24-34 wt%.

[0180] Blend A4 is a post-consumer recycled polypropylene-based material with a 916 kg / m 3 (determined according to DIN EN ISO 1183), a melt flow rate of 36 g / 10 min (determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133, 230 °C / 2.16 kg), a moisture content of less than 0.1% (determined by infrared moisture analyzer, 105 °C), a tensile modulus of more than 1100 MPa (measured according to DIN EN ISO 527, 1 mm / min), a yield stress of more than 24 MPa (measured according to DIN EN ISO 527, 50 mm / min), and a tensile strain of more than 18% (measured according to DIN EN ISO 527, 50 mm / min).

[0181] Table 1 shows a polyolefin composition comprising: - Comparative Example (CE1): one polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-2), a blend of recycled materials (blend A1), and 20 wt.% glass fibers; - Comparative Example (CE2): a blend of recycled materials (blend A1) and 30% by weight of glass fibre; - Comparative Example (CE3): one polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-1), a blend of recycled materials (blend A1), and 30 wt.% glass fibers; - Comparative Example (CE4): one polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-2), one polypropylene block copolymer (BCP-1), and 40 wt.% glass fibers; - Comparative Example (CE5): a blend of recycled materials (blend A1) and 40% by weight of glass fibre; - Comparative Example (CE6): one polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-2), one polypropylene block copolymer (BCP-1), a blend of recycled materials (blend A3), and 40 wt.% glass fibers; - Comparative Example (CE7): one polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-2), one polypropylene block copolymer (BCP-1), a blend of recycled materials (blend A4), and 40 wt.% glass fibers;

[0182] - Inventive example (IE1): one polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-2), one polypropylene block copolymer (BCP-1), a blend of recycled materials (blend A1), and 40% by weight of glass fibers; - Inventive example (IE2): one polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-2), one polypropylene block copolymer (BCP-1), a blend of recycled materials (blend A1), and 40% by weight of glass fibers; - Inventive example (IE3): one polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-2), one polypropylene block copolymer (BCP-1), a blend of recycled materials (blend A2), and 40% by weight of glass fibers.

[0183] Glass fibers can be obtained from any one of the following suppliers: OC (Owens Corning), PPG / NEG, Johns Manville, 3B, Jushi, Taiwan Glass, Camelyaf, CPIC, Taishan. Glass fibers 1.2 (average length: 4 mm, average diameter: 13 μm) and 4.1 (average length: 4.5 mm, average diameter: 13 μm) are used.

[0184] The following additives were used: antioxidants: AO1 (Irganox 1010 (FF)), AO2 (Irganox B 225 (FF)), AO3 (Irganox PS-802 FL); black pigment (Plasblak PE6121, commercially available from Cabot); dosing agent: HC001A-B1, PP homopolymer power; coupling agent: AP 1.5, polypropylene highly functionalized with maleic anhydride.

[0185] As can be seen from Table 1, the tensile strength values ​​measured for IE1, IE2, and IE3 are higher than those for CE1 to CE3 and CE5 to CE7. The tensile moduli for IE1, IE2, and IE3 exceed 8.8 GPa, significantly exceeding those obtained for CE1 to CE3. Furthermore, the Charpy impact strengths for IE1 to IE3 are higher than those for CE1 to CE3 and CE6 to CE7. Only CE4 (an example not using a recycled material blend) exhibits a tensile modulus and strength superior to those for IE1 to IE3.

[0186] It is noted that IE1-IE3, which use recycle blends with lower C2 content, provide polyolefin compositions with improved tensile strength and Charpy impact strength compared to the recycles CE6-CE7, which have higher C2 content.

[0187] [Table 1]

Claims

1. a) 5 to 30 wt. % (based on the total weight of the polyolefin composition) of at least one polypropylene homopolymer; b) 1 to 15 wt. % (based on the total weight of the polyolefin composition) of at least one polypropylene block copolymer; c) 20-50 wt. % (based on the total weight of the polyolefin composition) of a recycled mixed plastic polypropylene blend having: (i) a crystalline fraction (CF) content, as determined according to CRYSTEX QC analysis, in the range of 85.0 to 95.0 wt. %; and (ii) a soluble fraction (SF) content, as determined according to CRYSTEX QC analysis, in the range of 5.0 to 15.0 wt. %; whereby (iii) the crystalline fraction (CF) is in the range of 93.0 to 99.0 wt.% quantitatively １３ having a propylene content (C3(CF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy; and whereby (iv) The crystalline fraction (CF) is in the range of 1.0 to 6.0% by weight, quantitatively １３ having an ethylene content (C2(CF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy; and (v) the soluble fraction (SF) has an intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) in the range of 1.0 to 2.0 dl / g; and As a result, (vi) the mixed plastic polypropylene blend has the following CIE LAB color space (L ＊ a ＊ b ＊ ) has: -L ＊ : 30 to 97.0, particularly 50 to 97.0; -a ＊ : -10.0 to 16.0, particularly -8 or more and less than 10.0; -b ＊ : -5.0 to 25.0, particularly -2 to 22.0; d) 35 to 55 wt. % (based on the total weight of the polyolefin composition) of glass fibers; and Optionally, further additives wherein the total of all components is always added to equal 100% by weight, The polyolefin composition comprises: a tensile modulus at 23°C (ISO 527-2) of at least 7000 MPa; a yield tensile stress at 23 ° C (ISO 527-2) of at least 90 MPa; and at least 8.5 kJ / m ２ impact strength (ISO 179-1, Charpy 1eA +23°C); A polyolefin composition characterized by:

2. The polyolefin composition of claim 1, characterized in that it comprises: a) 8 to 28 wt. %, more preferably 9 to 22 wt. % (based on the total weight of the polyolefin composition) of at least one polypropylene homopolymer; b) 3 to 10 wt. %, more preferably 4 to 8 wt. % (based on the total weight of the polyolefin composition) of at least one polypropylene block copolymer; c) 25 to 45 wt. %, more preferably 30 to 42 wt. % (based on the total weight of the polyolefin composition) of a mixed plastic polypropylene blend; d) 38 to 50 wt. %, preferably 38 to 45 wt. %, of glass fibers (based on the total weight of the polyolefin composition); and optionally further additives, All components are added so that the total amount of all components is 100% by weight.

3. A melt flow rate MFR of at least 3.0 g / 10 min, preferably at least 3.5 g / 10 min, more preferably at least 4.0 g / 10 min, especially in the range of 3.0 to 15 g / 10 min, preferably 3.5 to 10 g / 10 min, more preferably 4.0 to 10 g / 10 min ２ 10. The polyolefin composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: (ISO 1133, 2.16 kg, 230°C).

4. 10. The polyolefin composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a tensile modulus (ISO 527-2) of at least 8000 MPa, preferably at least 8500 MPa, more preferably at least 9000 MPa, in particular in the range of 8000 to 15000 MPa, more in particular in the range of 8000 to 10000 MPa.

5. 10. The polyolefin composition according to claim 1, characterized by a yield tensile stress at 23°C (50 mm / min, ISO 527-2) of at least 95 MPa, preferably at least 100 MPa, more preferably at least 105 MPa, in particular in the range of 90 to 200 MPa, more in particular in the range of 100 to 150 MPa.

6. 10. The polyolefin composition according to claim 1, characterized by a tensile stress at break at 23°C (50 mm / min, ISO 527-2) of at least 90 MPa, preferably at least 95 MPa, more preferably at least 100 MPa, even more preferably at least 105 MPa, in particular in the range of 90 to 200 MPa, more in particular in the range of 100 to 150 MPa.

7. At least 9.0 kJ / m ２ , preferably at least 9.5 kJ / m ２ , particularly 9.0 to 15.0 kJ / m ２ in the range of 9.5 to 13.0 kJ / m ２ in the range of 10.0 to 12.0 kJ / m ２ 10. The polyolefin composition according to claim 1, characterized by an impact strength (ISO 179-1, Charpy 1 eA +23°C) in the range of

8. 10. The polyolefin composition according to claim 1, wherein said at least one polypropylene homopolymer comprises: Melt flow rate MFR in the range of 5 to 15 g / 10 min, preferably 5 to 10 g / 10 min, more preferably 8 g / 10 min ２ (230°C, 2.16 kg, measured according to ISO 1133) polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-1); and / or Melt flow rate MFR in the range of -10 to 30 g / 10 min, preferably 15 to 25 g / 10 min, more preferably 20 g / 10 min ２ (230° C., 2.16 kg, measured according to ISO 1133).

9. 10. The polyolefin composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one polypropylene block copolymer has a melt flow rate (230°C / 2.16 kg) of at least 0.2 g / 10 min, preferably at least 0.3 g / 10 min, in particular in the range of 0.2 to 2.0 g / 10 min, more in particular in the range of 0.2 to 1.5 g / 10 min.

10. 10. A polyolefin composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mixed plastic polypropylene blend (blend A1) has: (i) a crystalline fraction (CF) content, as determined according to CRYSTEX QC analysis, in the range of 86.0 to 94.0 wt.%, more preferably 90.0 to 94.0 wt.%; and (ii) a soluble fraction (SF) content, as determined according to CRYSTEX QC analysis, in the range of 6.0 to 14.0 wt. %, more preferably 6.0 to 10.0 wt. %; whereby (iii) The crystalline fraction (CF) has a quantitative content in the range of 93.0 to 99.0% by weight, preferably 95.0 to 98.0% by weight. １３ having a propylene content (C3(CF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy; and whereby (iv) The crystalline fraction (CF) is in the range of 1 to 7% by weight, more preferably 2.0 to 5.0% by weight, and even more preferably 2.5 to 3.5% by weight. １３ having an ethylene content (C2(CF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy; and (v) the soluble fraction (SF) has an intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) of 1.2 dl / g or more and less than 1.8 dl / g, preferably in the range of 1.40 to 1.70 dl / g; As a result, (vi) the mixed plastic polypropylene blend has the following CIE LAB color space (L ＊ a ＊ b ＊ ) has: -L ＊ : 40 to 85, preferably 50 to 75; -a ＊ : -8.00 to 10, more preferably -5.0 to 0.0; -b ＊ : 0.0 or more and less than 10.0, more preferably 0.0 or more and less than 5.

00.

11. 10. A polyolefin composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mixed plastic polypropylene blend (blend A2) has: (i) a crystalline fraction (CF) content, determined according to CRYSTEX QC analysis, in the range of 86.0 to 94.0 wt.%, preferably 91.0 to 94.0 wt.%; and (ii) a soluble fraction (SF) content, determined according to CRYSTEX QC analysis, in the range of 6.0 to 14.0 wt. %, more preferably 6.0 to 9.0 wt. %; whereby (iii) The crystalline fraction (CF) has a quantitative content in the range of 95.0 to 99.0% by weight, preferably 96.0 to 98.0% by weight. １３ having a propylene content (C3(CF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy; and whereby (iv) The crystalline fraction (CF) is in the range of 1.0 to 5.0% by weight, preferably 2.0 to 4.0% by weight, more preferably 2.5 to 3.5% by weight, quantitatively. １３ having an ethylene content (C2(CF)) as determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy; and (v) the soluble fraction (SF) has an intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) in the range of 1.1 dl / g or more and less than 1.5 dl / g, preferably 1.25 dl / g or more and less than 1.45 dl / g; As a result, (vi) the mixed plastic polypropylene blend has the following CIE LAB color space (L ＊ a ＊ b ＊ ) has: -L ＊ : 72.0 to 97.0, preferably 80.0 to 97.0; -a ＊ :-5.0~0.0; -b ＊ : 0.0 or more and less than 22.

0.

12. 10. A polyolefin composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said glass fibres have a length in the range of 2.0 to 10.0 mm, preferably in the range of 2.0 to 8.0 mm, even more preferably in the range of 2.0 to 6.0 mm, and a diameter of 5 to 20 μm, more preferably in the range of 8 to 18 μm, even more preferably in the range of 8 to 15 μm.

13. 10. Polyolefin composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises polypropylene functionalized with at least one coupling agent, in particular maleic anhydride (MAH).

14. An article comprising a polyolefin composition according to one of the preceding claims.

15. 15. The article of claim 14, wherein the article is one of a structural product, a pump, a fan, an appliance, an automotive part, a pipe, and a fitting.

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