Selective optical tuning of qubit two-level system interactions using bandpass filters

Abstract

A method and system for mitigating the effects of defects in a quantum processor is provided. The mitigation system includes a quantum processor including a plurality of qubits. The system includes an optical emission source that can be tuned to create optical pulses of different wavelengths. The system includes an array of bandpass filters. Each bandpass filter is aligned with a qubit on the quantum processor and has a unique passband. The system may include a controller configured to receive a selection of the qubits and tune the optical emission source to emit optical pulses having wavelengths that fall within the range of the bandpass filter aligned with the selected qubit. The optical pulses are used to scramble an ensemble of strongly coupled two-level systems (TLSs) in the processor. (Figure 7)

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to quantum computing, and more particularly to laser-on-demand scrambling of superconducting qubits. [Background technology]

[0002] A quantum bit, or qubit, is the basic element for encoding information in a quantum computer. A two-level system, or TLS, is a spurious quantum system that can couple to a qubit and cause decoherence. TLS is one of the main causes of decoherence in superconducting quantum circuits. Typically, TLSs contain two sets: a large set (bus) with low-frequency two-level fluctuations, and several discrete two-level systems that are close to the qubit's transition and resonance. When TLSs interact strongly with a qubit, the qubit becomes inoperable due to frequency shifts and decoherence.

[0003] The nature of these TLS is not fully understood, but they are thought to originate from crystalline imperfections, surface defects, or atomic-level defects in the material that generate microscopic dipoles (atomic or electronic traps) that interact with the qubit (e.g., couple to the qubit's electric field). TLS are always present and randomly distributed.

[0004] A two-level system can be either off-resonant or on-resonant with the qubit. On-resonant TLS is much more detrimental than off-resonant TLS. These on-resonant, strongly coupled TLS have a significant negative impact on gate fidelity in processors. This is especially true for processors based on fixed-frequency qubits. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods and systems for mitigating the effects of defects in a quantum processor. The mitigation system includes a quantum processor including a plurality of qubits. The system includes an optical emission source that can be tuned to generate optical pulses of different wavelengths. The optical pulses are used to scramble a strongly coupled two-level system (TLS) in the quantum processor.

[0006] In some embodiments, the relaxation system includes an array of bandpass filters, each bandpass filter aligned to a qubit on the quantum processor and tuned to pass a unique range of wavelengths. In an embodiment that may be combined with the previous embodiments, the system may further include a controller configured to receive a selection of the qubit and to adjust the optical emission source to emit optical pulses having wavelengths that fall within the range of the bandpass filter aligned to the selected qubit.

[0007] In some embodiments, each bandpass filter in the array of bandpass filters is implemented on an optical filter chip in the same package as the quantum processor. In one embodiment that may be combined with the previous embodiment, the optical filter chip is in the same refrigeration unit as the quantum processor. In some embodiments, the light pulses from the luminescence source are provided to the quantum processor by an optical fiber. In one embodiment that may be combined with the previous embodiment, the optical fiber is coupled to a top of a package containing the quantum processor. In some embodiments, each bandpass filter absorbs or reflects light that is not tuned to the range of wavelengths that it passes.

[0008] Two-level systems are one of the most fundamental problems in superconducting qubits and are the dominant source of decoherence. The ability to focus light on a specific qubit without resorting to time-consuming processes such as heating the entire quantum processor could rapidly improve the qubit's coherence.

[0009] The foregoing summary is intended to serve as a brief introduction to some embodiments of the present disclosure. It is not intended to be an introduction or overview of all inventive subject matter disclosed herein. The following detailed description and the drawings referenced in the detailed description further describe the embodiments described in the summary and other embodiments. Thus, the summary, detailed description, and drawings are provided to provide an understanding of all embodiments described herein. Moreover, because the claimed subject matter may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit of the subject matter, the claimed subject matter is not limited by the illustrative details of the summary, detailed description, and drawings, but is instead defined by the appended claims. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0010] The drawings are of exemplary embodiments. The drawings do not depict all embodiments. Other embodiments may be used in addition or instead. Details that may be obvious or unnecessary may be omitted to save space or for a more effective illustration. Some embodiments may be practiced with additional components or steps, or without all of the components or steps shown, or both. When the same numeral appears in different drawings, it refers to the same or similar components or steps.

[0011] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 illustrates a two-level system mitigation system that uses illumination to mitigate the effects of two-level systems in a quantum processor, consistent with an example embodiment.

[0012] [Figure 2] FIG. 1 illustrates a method for measuring the performance of a qubit.

[0013] [Figure 3] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary two-level system landscape, consistent with an exemplary embodiment.

[0014] [Figure 4] FIG. 1 illustrates a quantum processor having qubits illuminated by optical fibers, consistent with an illustrative embodiment.

[0015] [Figure 5] 1A-1C show spectroscopic diagrams of qubits in a quantum processor before and after illumination, consistent with an illustrative embodiment.

[0016] [Figure 6] FIG. 1 conceptually illustrates a process for repeatedly applying illumination to a quantum processor to eliminate strongly coupled two-level system interactions, consistent with an example embodiment.

[0017] [Figure 7] FIG. 1 conceptually illustrates a qubit illumination structure including an optical filter chip for directing optical pulses to specific qubits, consistent with an example embodiment.

[0018] [Figure 8] FIG. 10 conceptually illustrates a qubit illumination structure within a package operating within a dilution refrigerator, consistent with an example embodiment.

[0019] [Figure 9A] FIG. 1 illustrates the use of bandpass filters to direct light pulses to specific qubits. [Figure 9B] FIG. 1 illustrates the use of bandpass filters to direct light pulses to specific qubits. [Figure 9C] FIG. 1 illustrates the use of bandpass filters to direct light pulses to specific qubits.

[0020] [Figure 10] FIG. 10 conceptually illustrates a process of using an optical bandpass filter to direct an optical pulse to a selected qubit, consistent with an example embodiment.

[0021] [Figure 11] FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of components of a data processing system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0022] In the following detailed description, by way of example, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the relevant teachings. However, it will be apparent that the present teachings may be practiced without such details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, and / or circuits have been described at a relatively high level, without detailed description, in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring aspects of the present teachings.

[0023] Because strongly coupled TLS are significantly detrimental to qubit performance in large-scale quantum circuits, it is important to develop methods to shift their frequency off-resonance. Because TLS tend to drift slowly over time (spectral diffusion), on timescales of hours to days, it has been shown that TLS can be frequency-tuned by electric fields and material strain. Therefore, waiting for TLS to diffuse over a wide area can relax TLS. TLS can also be removed from qubits by heating or thermal cycling the entire processor to several degrees Kelvin. Heating the entire processor is a time-consuming process, typically requiring long periods (e.g., hours) and complete recalibration of the processor. Furthermore, heating the entire processor is a stochastic global process and therefore cannot be used to target specific qubits. It is not certain whether a specific TLS will shift its frequency through global heating. Furthermore, it is possible that a qubit previously released from one TLS may interact with another TLS after heating.

[0024] Some embodiments provide methods and systems for mitigating the effects of strongly coupled two-level systems. Specifically, optical illumination is used to scramble the frequency of the two-level system. Scrambling the TLS distribution can improve the coherence time and maintain stable quantum processor performance over time. The optical illumination can use light at telecommunication frequencies of 1310 nm and 1550 nm. In some embodiments, the optical illumination is delivered to a quantum processor or any array of qubits through a dilution refrigerator, and the light is selectively focused on individual qubits or globally applied to all qubits of the quantum processor.

[0025] 1 shows a TLS mitigation system 100 that uses illumination to mitigate the effects of TLS in a quantum processor 110. As shown, a TLS mitigation controller 120 controls a qubit measurement system 130 and an illumination system 140. The qubit measurement system 130 is used to detect or identify TLS in the quantum processor 110. The illumination system 140 is used to apply light to the quantum processor 110.

[0026] Measurement system 130 provides performance parameters of the qubits of quantum processor 110, including the decoherence time (or relaxation time) of the qubits at different electric field frequencies. In some embodiments, the performance parameters of the qubits at different frequencies are captured. Relaxation controller 120 can use the captured qubit performance parameters to create a spectrogram of the qubit. The spectrogram can be used as a TLS landscape to identify frequencies at which TLS couples strongly with the qubit (e.g., by identifying frequencies at which the qubit's decoherence time is reduced by more than 25%).

[0027] Illumination system 140 is used to provide optical pulses to quantum processor 110. The optical pulses can scramble the frequency landscape of the TLS so that it is not strongly coupled to the qubit, e.g., off-resonance, such that the decoherence time of the qubit is at least 75% of the ideal or expected relaxation time.

[0028] The TLS relaxation controller 120 can use the TLS landscape generated based on measurements provided by the measurement system 130 to determine when and how to apply light pulses to the quantum processor 110 and control the illumination system 140 accordingly.

[0029] In some embodiments, one or more laser sources are used to scramble the frequency of the TLS. Laser pulses are used to change the TLS landscape of a superconducting quantum processor on a very short timescale (e.g., less than a second). In some embodiments, very short laser pulses can be applied to instantaneously shift the TLS frequency. Recovery times from laser pulses are on the timescale of seconds (or less), compared to the hours it can take to warm up an entire quantum processor. The light pulses can be visible or infrared light.

[0030] FIG. 2 conceptually illustrates a method for measuring qubit performance. A microwave pulse 200 of calibrated amplitude, frequency, and duration is applied to the qubit, placing the qubit in its excited state. The qubit's state is measured at several different delay times after application of the microwave pulse. The measurements are repeated and averaged to obtain a characteristic exponential decay curve 210. (The vertical axis of decay curve 210 refers to the proportion of qubit measurements that find the qubit to be in the excited state at a given delay time; thus, 1.0 corresponds to finding 100% of the qubits measured at a given delay time to be in the excited state.) The time constant of decay curve 210 is used to measure the qubit's performance.

[0031] Defects can resonantly couple to qubits and function as strong energy relaxation channels with Lorentzian spectroscopic signatures. This signature can be used to identify defects. Figure 3 shows an example TLS landscape. The TLS landscape is based on measurements of a flux-tunable qubit, which exhibits several regions of strongly coupled TLS. If a fixed-frequency transmon happens to have a transition frequency near strong TLS, qubit performance will become significantly degraded—i.e., the relaxation or decoherence time will be significantly shorter. In the figure, the measured qubit relaxation time (also referred to as T1) is normalized with respect to the ideal or expected relaxation time. Thus, at frequencies with weak or no TLS coupling, the normalized relaxation time will be close to 1.0, whereas at frequencies with strong TLS coupling, the normalized relaxation time can be significantly reduced (to 0.1 or less).

[0032] Figure 4 illustrates a quantum processor with qubits illuminated by an optical fiber. The quantum processor can be constructed on a silicon, sapphire, or other dielectric substrate. In some embodiments, a laser or optical fiber penetrates the quantum processor chip to provide illumination. As shown, an optical fiber 400 is coupled to an enclosure 405 above the quantum processor 110. Light pulses can be directed from outside the enclosure to illuminate part or all of the quantum processor 110. Because silicon is transparent to infrared light at wavelengths of 1100 nm or higher, the quantum processor can be illuminated from either surface (front or back). Applying an optical pulse to the quantum processor or qubit can shift or scramble the frequency landscape of the TLS. It can be shown that the frequency of the TLS can change in a random manner after an optical pulse. On the other hand, without applying an optical pulse, the TLS can remain nearly constant for several hours.

[0033] FIG. 5 illustrates spectrograms of a qubit in a quantum processor before and after irradiation. The figure shows two spectrograms 510 and 520 illustrating the relaxation times of a qubit in the quantum processor at different frequencies. The first spectrogram 510 is based on measurements of the qubit taken before the light pulse is applied, and the second spectrogram 520 is based on measurements of the qubit taken after the light pulse is applied. As shown, after the light pulse is applied, the profiles of the qubit relaxation times at different frequencies shift. This is because the TLS in the quantum processor has been scrambled by the applied light pulse. Based on the TLS landscape illustrated by spectrogram 520, TLS relaxation controller 120 can determine that (i) TLS does not significantly impair the operation of the qubit at the frequency of interest, or (ii) the qubit is still impaired by TLS at the frequency of interest such that an additional light pulse is required to further scramble the TLS. This determination can be made by determining whether the relaxation time of the qubit falls below a particular threshold fraction (eg, 0.75 or 75%) of the expected relaxation time.

[0034] Because the laser operates so quickly, the process of laser-induced TLS frequency scrambling can be repeated several times to find the ideal TLS configuration, where all violent or strongly coupled TLS interactions are eliminated. This significantly improves the functionality of the quantum processor. The ability to rapidly cycle through TLS configurations and find the optimal configuration will have a major impact on the performance of any large-scale fixed-frequency quantum processor.

[0035] FIG. 6 conceptually illustrates a process 600 for iteratively applying irradiation to a quantum processor to eliminate strongly coupled TLS interactions, consistent with an illustrative embodiment. The TLS mitigation system 100 or TLS mitigation controller 120 can perform a process to mitigate the adverse effects of TLS to prepare the quantum processor for use. The process rearranges the TLS landscape by rapidly cycling through TLS configurations. Qubit properties are measured to determine whether scrambling with irradiation improves processor performance. An iterative search is performed to find a good global TLS configuration across different qubits of the quantum processor. In some embodiments, one or more processing units (e.g., processors) of a computing device implementing the TLS mitigation controller 120 perform the process 600 by executing instructions stored on a computer-readable medium.

[0036] The system measures the coherence properties of all qubits (at block 605). Figure 2 above illustrates one example of how qubits may be measured.

[0037] The system determines (at block 610) whether one or more qubits fail to meet a performance criterion. The system may receive performance parameters (e.g., coherence properties) of one or more qubits in the quantum processor to identify qubits that fail to meet a performance threshold. If none of the qubits meet the performance criterion, the system proceeds to 650 to calibrate the quantum processor and make it ready for use. If at least one qubit fails to meet the performance criterion, processing proceeds to 620.

[0038] At block 620, the system illuminates one or more qubits in the processor. The system may apply a global light pulse to the quantum processor such that multiple qubits in the processor are illuminated. The system may also use a local light pulse limited to qubits identified as experiencing bad TLS interactions.

[0039] The system (at block 630) performs spectroscopy (e.g., Stark spectroscopy, a method of obtaining small, fast frequency tuning of a qubit via the AC Stark effect) on the qubit of the processor to obtain a spectrogram as a TLS landscape. A qubit's TLS landscape is a collection of measured relaxation times of the qubit across different probe frequencies. The system receives or captures qubit relaxation times measured at different qubit frequencies, including relaxation times measured before and after a light pulse. In some embodiments, the system may perform multiple frequency sweeps to obtain multiple sets of relaxation times. As the system identifies qubits that do not meet performance requirements, the received qubit relaxation times include the relaxation times of the identified failing qubits.

[0040] The system determines (at block 640) whether the TLS landscape is acceptable, e.g., whether there is a good global TLS configuration across different qubits in the quantum processor, or whether there is a strongly coupled TLS in the quantum processor. If the TLS landscape is acceptable, the process proceeds to 650 to calibrate the quantum processor to a usable state. If the TLS landscape is not acceptable, e.g., if there is strong coupling between the qubit and the TLS that causes severe degradation of the decoherence time (e.g., less than 75% of the expected qubit relaxation time), the process returns to 620 to again apply a laser pulse and measure qubit performance. In other words, the system determines whether to apply a first light pulse to illuminate the quantum processor, and then apply a second light pulse to illuminate the quantum processor, based on the current TLS configuration or landscape. This is an iterative process of applying a light pulse and examining the qubit relaxation time in order to eliminate or minimize TLS interactions with the qubit.

[0041] To target specific qubits with optical pulses to scramble the TLS distribution, some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for selectively focusing optical pulses on individual qubits. Light is delivered to a quantum processor with an array of qubits through a dilution refrigerator. In some embodiments, an optical fiber is used to deliver the optical pulses, and a set of bandpass filters is used to selectively address qubits or a subset of qubits. This allows quantum processors with a large number of qubits to selectively address problematic qubits without adversely affecting other qubits that perform well.

[0042] In some embodiments, a qubit chip (quantum processor) with an array of qubits can be fabricated on the substrate. The qubit chip has a superconducting transmon qubit-based quantum processor design. An optical fiber is mounted to the qubit chip, and a laser source can illuminate the qubit chip. The qubit chip is coupled to an optical filter chip (also fabricated on the substrate) that contains an array of bandpass filters. Each bandpass filter corresponds to a qubit or subset of qubits in the qubit chip. The laser source is tuned and pulsed at the center frequency of the intended qubits, such that laser pulses are selectively applied to each intended qubit or each subset of qubits, shifting the TLS landscape.

[0043] In some embodiments, each bandpass filter in the optical filter chip is aligned to a qubit on the quantum processor and tuned to a unique wavelength range. The optical emission source can be tuned to generate optical pulses of different wavelengths. A controller (e.g., TLS relaxation controller 120) can be configured to receive the qubit selection and tune the optical emission source to emit optical pulses having wavelengths that fall within the range of the bandpass filter aligned to the selected qubit.

[0044] 7 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a qubit illumination structure 700 that includes an optical filter chip for directing optical pulses to specific qubits. As shown, the qubit illumination structure includes quantum processor 110, an optical filter chip 710, and a package top 720. The optical filter chip 710 includes a bandpass filter (λ 0 -λ 15 ) and an array of qubits (q to q 15 ) above a qubit chip 110 having an array of bandpass filters. Each bandpass filter on the optical filter chip 710 is tuned to have a unique wavelength range. An optical fiber 705 is coupled to the package top 720 to deliver optical pulses from a tunable laser 730 through the bandpass filters in the optical filter chip 710 to the qubit chip 110.

[0045] The bandpass filters (λ0 to λ1) in the optical filter chip 710 15 ) allows the qubit to be selected for illumination based on the wavelength of light emitted by tunable laser 730. Specifically, bandpass filters at different positions are adjusted to pass different wavelengths of light, such that only light of certain wavelengths can pass through a particular bandpass filter to reach a particular qubit, while other bandpass filters above other qubits block the light. In some embodiments, the bandpass filters are of the absorptive type, so that when light is directed at a given qubit, scattering of light to neighboring qubits is minimized.

[0046] FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram illustrating qubit illumination structure 700 in package 800 and operating in dilution refrigerator 810. The package includes quantum processor 110, optical filter chip 710, and package top 720. Tunable laser 730 is external to dilution refrigerator 810. Optical pulses provided by tunable laser 730 are supplied by optical fiber 705 to dilution refrigerator 810 for qubit illumination structure 700. Upon entering package 800, the optical pulses pass through a bandpass filter (λ0 to λ1) in optical filter chip 710. 15) When a light pulse is tuned to a wavelength that matches a particular bandpass filter, only the particular bandpass filter allows the light pulse to pass through and reach the quantum processor 110.

[0047] 9A-C are diagrams illustrating the use of bandpass filters to direct optical pulses to specific qubits. The figures show a cross-sectional view of package 800 (containing qubit illumination structure 700) showing qubits q0, q1, q2, and q3 of quantum processor 110 and corresponding bandpass filters λ0, λ1, λ2, and λ3 in optical filter chip 710.

[0048] Figure 9A shows optical fiber 705 carrying optical pulse 910 having a wavelength in the passband of bandpass filter (λ1). Optical pulse 910 passes through bandpass filter λ1 and illuminates qubit q1. All other bandpass filters block the optical pulse, thereby not illuminating the other qubits. Figure 9B shows optical fiber 705 carrying optical pulse 920 having a wavelength in the range of bandpass filter λ2 and reaching qubit q2. Figure 9C shows optical fiber 705 carrying optical pulse 930 having a wavelength in the range of bandpass filter λ5. This optical pulse is blocked by all four bandpass filters λ0, λ1, λ2, and λ3 because its wavelength is not within the range of the bandpass filters.

[0049] 10 is a diagram conceptually illustrating a process 1000 using an optical bandpass filter to direct optical pulses to selected qubits, consistent with an example embodiment. TLS mitigation system 100 or TLS mitigation controller 120 can perform a process to mitigate the adverse effects of TLS to prepare a quantum processor for use. In some embodiments, one or more processing units (e.g., processors) of a computing device implementing TLS mitigation controller 120 perform process 1000 by executing instructions stored on a computer-readable medium.

[0050] The system receives (at block 1010) a selection of qubits in a quantum processor having an array of qubits.

[0051] The system identifies (at block 1020) a bandpass filter in the array of band filters that corresponds to the selected qubit. Each bandpass filter in the array is (i) aligned to a different qubit on the quantum processor and (ii) tuned to a unique wavelength range. In some embodiments, each bandpass filter absorbs light that is not in the wavelength range. The bandpass filters in the array of bandpass filters are implemented in an optical filter chip (e.g., 710) in the same package (e.g., package 800) as the quantum processor. The optical filter chip is in the same refrigeration unit (e.g., refrigeration unit 810) as the quantum processor.

[0052] The system tunes (at block 1030) an optical emission source (e.g., tunable laser 730) to emit optical pulses having wavelengths that fall within the range of a particular bandpass filter. The optical pulses are used to scramble a two-level system (TLS) in the quantum processor. The optical pulses from the optical emission source are supplied to the quantum processor by an optical fiber. The optical fiber is coupled to the top of a package containing the quantum processor.

[0053] The present application may employ systems, methods, and / or computer program products at any possible level of technical detail. The computer program product may include one or more computer-readable storage media having computer-readable program instructions thereon for causing a processor to perform aspects of the present disclosure.

[0054] A computer-readable storage medium may be a tangible device that can hold and store instructions for use by an instruction execution device. The computer-readable storage medium may be, for example, but is not limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination thereof. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of computer-readable storage media includes the following: portable computer diskettes, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), static random access memory (SRAM), portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disk (DVD), memory sticks, floppy disks, mechanically encoded devices such as punch cards or ridge structures in grooves on which instructions are recorded, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. As used herein, a computer-readable storage medium should not be construed as being a transitory signal per se, such as an electric wave or other freely propagating electromagnetic wave, an electromagnetic wave propagating through a waveguide or other transmission medium (e.g., an optical pulse passing through a fiber optic cable), or an electrical signal transmitted through a wire.

[0055] The computer-readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded from a computer-readable storage medium to each computing / processing device or to an external computer or external storage device via a network, such as the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network, or a wireless network, or a combination thereof. The network may include copper transmission cables, optical fiber transmissions, wireless transmissions, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers, and / or edge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in each computing / processing device receives the computer-readable program instructions from the network and forwards the computer-readable program instructions for storage in a computer-readable storage medium in the respective computing / processing device. Computer-readable program instructions for carrying out the operations of the present disclosure may be either assembler instructions, instruction set architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine-dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state setting data, configuration data for an integrated circuit, or source or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Smalltalk®, C++, and procedural programming languages ​​such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages. The computer-readable program instructions may run entirely on the user's computer, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer via any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet Service Provider). In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including, for example, a programmable logic circuit, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or a programmable logic array (PLA) may execute computer-readable program instructions by utilizing state information of the computer-readable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuitry to perform aspects of the present disclosure.

[0056] Aspects of the present disclosure are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer-readable program instructions. These computer-readable program instructions may be provided to a processor of a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine such that the instructions, executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions / acts specified in one or more blocks of the flowcharts and / or block diagrams. These computer-readable program instructions may also be stored on a computer-readable storage medium that may direct a computer, programmable data processing apparatus, and / or other device to function in a particular manner, such that the computer-readable storage medium on which the instructions are stored has an article of manufacture including instructions that implement aspects of the functions / acts specified in one or more blocks of the flowcharts and / or block diagrams.

[0057] The computer-readable program instructions may also be loaded into a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device and cause the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device to perform a series of operational steps to generate a computer-implemented process, such that the instructions executing on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement the functions / acts specified in one or more blocks of the flowcharts and / or block diagrams. The flowcharts and block diagrams in the figures (e.g., FIGS. 6 and 10) illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In this regard, each block in the flowcharts or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of instructions, including one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. In some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the blocks may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may in fact be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may be executed in the reverse order, depending on the functionality involved. It should also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and / or flowchart diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and / or flowchart diagrams, may be implemented by a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified functions or actions or executes a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0058] 11 illustrates a block diagram of components of data processing systems 1100 and 1150 that may be used to implement the TLS mitigation controller 120 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. It should be understood that FIG. 11 provides only an illustration of one implementation and is not intended to suggest any limitations with regard to the environments in which different embodiments may be implemented. Many modifications to the depicted environment may be made based on design and implementation requirements.

[0059] Data processing systems 1100 and 1150 represent any electronic device capable of executing machine-readable program instructions. Data processing systems 1100 and 1150 may represent a smartphone, a computer system, a PDA, or other electronic device. Examples of computing systems, environments, and / or configurations that may be represented by data processing systems 1100 and 1150 include, but are not limited to, personal computer systems, server computer systems, thin clients, thick clients, handheld or laptop devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, network PCs, minicomputer systems, and distributed cloud computing environments that include any of the above systems or devices.

[0060] Data processing systems 1100 and 1150 may include a set of internal components 1105 and a set of external components 1155 shown in Figure 11. The set of internal components 1105 includes one or more processors 1120, one or more computer-readable RAMs 1122 and one or more computer-readable ROMs 1124 on one or more buses 1126, one or more operating systems 1128, and one or more computer-readable tangible storage devices 1130. The one or more operating systems 1128 and programs, such as those for executing processes 600 and 1000, are stored in the one or more computer-readable tangible storage devices 1130 for execution by the one or more processors 1120 via one or more RAMs 1122 (which typically include cache memory). In the embodiment shown in Figure 11, each of the computer-readable tangible storage devices 1130 is an internal hard drive magnetic disk storage device. Alternatively, each of the computer-readable tangible storage devices 1130 is a semiconductor memory device such as ROM 1124, EPROM, flash memory, or any other computer-readable tangible storage device capable of storing computer programs and digital information.

[0061] The set of internal components 1105 also includes a R / W drive or interface 1132 for reading from or writing to one or more portable computer-readable tangible storage devices 1186, such as a CD-ROM, a DVD, a memory stick, a magnetic tape, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, or a semiconductor storage device. Instructions for executing processes 600 and 1000 may be stored on one or more of the respective portable computer-readable tangible storage devices 1186, read via the respective R / W drive or interface 1132, and loaded onto a respective hard drive 1130.

[0062] The set of internal components 1105 may also include a network adapter (or switch port card) or interface 1136, such as a TCP / IP adapter card, a wireless Wi-Fi interface card, or a 3G or 4G wireless interface card, or other wired or wireless communication link. Instructions for the processes or programs described above may be downloaded from an external computer (e.g., a server) via a network (e.g., the Internet, a local area network, or other wide area network) and the respective network adapter or interface 1136. From the network adapter (or switch port adapter) or interface 1136, instructions and data for the described programs or processes are loaded onto the respective hard drives 1130. The network may comprise copper wire, fiber optic, wireless transmissions, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers, and / or edge servers.

[0063] The set of external components 1155 can include a computer display monitor 1170, a keyboard 1180, and a computer mouse 1184. The set of external components 1155 can also include a touch screen, a virtual keyboard, a touchpad, a pointing device, and other human interface devices. The set of internal components 1105 also includes a device driver 1140 for interfacing with the computer display monitor 1170, the keyboard 1180, and the computer mouse 1184. The device driver 1140, the R / W drive or interface 1132, and the network adapter or interface 1136 include hardware and software (stored in the storage device 1130 or the ROM 1124, or both).

[0064] The description of various embodiments of the present teachings has been presented for purposes of illustration, but is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terms used herein have been selected to best explain the principles of the embodiments, practical applications, or technical improvements over technology found in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. a quantum processor containing multiple qubits; a light emitting source that can be adjusted to generate light pulses of different wavelengths; and an array of bandpass filters, each bandpass filter aligned with a qubit in a quantum processor; A system comprising:

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein different bandpass filters in the array of bandpass filters are tuned to respective different ranges of wavelengths.

3. 3. The system of claim 2, further comprising a controller configured to receive a selection of a qubit and to adjust the optical emission source to emit optical pulses having wavelengths that fall within a range of a bandpass filter that is aligned with the selected qubit.

4. 10. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each bandpass filter of the array of bandpass filters is implemented on an optical filter chip in the same package as the quantum processor.

5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the optical filter chip is in the same refrigeration unit as the quantum processor.

6. 10. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the light pulses from the luminescence source are supplied to the quantum processor by an optical fiber.

7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the optical fiber is coupled to a top of the package containing the quantum processor.

8. 10. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each bandpass filter absorbs light not within its range of wavelengths.

9. receiving a selection of qubits at a quantum processor including an array of qubits; identifying a bandpass filter in an array of band filters corresponding to the selected qubit, each bandpass filter in the array being aligned with a different qubit in the quantum processor and tuned to a unique wavelength range; and adjusting the optical emission source to emit optical pulses having wavelengths that fall within the range of the identified bandpass filter. A method for providing

10. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein each bandpass filter of the array of bandpass filters is implemented on an optical filter chip in the same package as the quantum processor.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the optical filter chip is in the same refrigeration unit as the quantum processor.

12. 12. The method of any one of claims 9 to 11, further comprising providing the light pulses from the light emission source to the quantum processor by an optical fiber.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the optical fiber is coupled to a top of the package containing the quantum processor.

14. 14. A method according to any one of claims 9 to 13, wherein each bandpass filter absorbs light not within its range of wavelengths.

15. receiving a pulse of light of a particular wavelength from a light emitting source; and passing the optical pulse through an array of bandpass filters to a quantum processor containing a plurality of qubits. Equipped with each bandpass filter in the array is aligned with a qubit on the quantum processor; the light pulse is passed through the array of bandpass filters with specific bandpass filters tuned to a range of wavelengths encompassing the specific wavelength; method.

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein different bandpass filters in the array of bandpass filters are tuned to respective different ranges of wavelengths.

17. 17. A method according to any one of claims 15 to 16, wherein the light emitting source can be adjusted to emit light pulses of different wavelengths.

18. 18. A method according to any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein each bandpass filter in the array of bandpass filters absorbs light outside its range of wavelengths.

19. 19. A method according to any one of claims 15 to 18, wherein each bandpass filter of the array of bandpass filters is implemented on an optical filter chip in the same package as the quantum processor.

20. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the optical filter chip is in the same refrigeration unit as the quantum processor.

21. 21. The method of any one of claims 15 to 20, further comprising the step of supplying the light pulses from the light emission source to the array of bandpass filters by optical fibres.

22. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the optical fiber is coupled to a top of the package containing the quantum processor.

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