Curved photovoltaic modules and photovoltaic architectural surfaces

Abstract

The curved photovoltaic module (100) includes a power generating layer (30), a current transmission layer (50), a front plate (10), and a back plate (70). The current transmission layer (50) is located on the second side (33) of the power generating layer (30), and the current transmission layer (50) is electrically connected to the power generating layer (30). The front plate (10) is located on the first side (31) of the power generating layer (30). The back plate (70) is located on the side of the current transmission layer (50) away from the power generating layer (30).

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] [Priority information] This application claims priority to and the benefit of patent application No. 202323081639.0, filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of China on November 14, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0002] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to curved photovoltaic modules and photovoltaic architectural surfaces. [Background technology]

[0003] Curved photovoltaic tiles have emerged as a response to the trend toward combining traditional roofing tiles in architecture. The first curved photovoltaic tiles were developed based on flexible copper indium gallium selenide (CuInGaSe) cell strips. While the CuInGaSe cell strips offer significant flexibility, they only offer a power generation efficiency of 12% to 14% and are expensive. To improve power generation efficiency and reduce costs, most current curved photovoltaic tiles use crystalline silicon cell strips, which offer high photoelectric conversion efficiency. However, because crystalline silicon cell strips are highly brittle and easily break when bent, the ratio of the arc length of the curved line segment to the corresponding chord length of the current curved photovoltaic tiles is small. This results in a small curvature, which limits the degree of adhesion between the curved photovoltaic tiles and the building. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] The implementation method in this application provides a curved photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic building surface, which is used to solve the problem that the curvature of the curved photovoltaic module is small and the degree of adhesion between the curved photovoltaic module and the building is not high.

[0005] In an embodiment of the present application, the curved photovoltaic module includes a power generation layer, a current transmission layer, a front plate, and a back plate. The power generation layer has a first side and a second side facing back to back. The current transmission layer is located on the second side of the power generation layer and is electrically connected to the power generation layer. The front plate is located on the first side of the power generation layer. The back plate is located on the side of the current transmission layer away from the power generation layer, and the front plate, the power generation layer, the current transmission layer, and the back plate are sequentially stacked.

[0006] In some embodiments, the front panel is a rigid, light-transmitting panel having a curved surface, and the back panel is a rigid panel having the same curved surface as the front panel.

[0007] In some embodiments, the front plate is a rigid, light-transmitting plate having a curved surface, and the back plate is a flat, flexible film that can be bent to form the same curved surface as the front plate.

[0008] In some implementations, the power generating layer is a planar silicon-based structure, the current carrying layer is a metal conductive structure, and both the power generating layer and the metal conductive structure can be curved to match the shape of the front plate to form the same curved surface as the front plate.

[0009] In some implementations, the bending radius of the curved photovoltaic module ranges from [25 mm, 200 mm].

[0010] In some embodiments, the vertical projection of the curved surface is a curve consisting of a single curved line segment, or the vertical projection of the curved surface is a curve consisting of multiple sequentially connected curved line segments, or the vertical projection of the curved surface is a modified curve consisting of curved line segments and straight line segments.

[0011] In some embodiments, when the vertical projection of the curved surface is a curve consisting of multiple sequentially connected curved line segments, the bending directions of two adjacent curved line segments are opposite to each other and the bending radii of the multiple curved line segments are the same; when the vertical projection of the curved surface is an irregular curve consisting of curved line segments and straight line segments, the bending directions of the multiple curved line segments are the same and the bending radii of the multiple curved line segments are the same.

[0012] In some implementations, the power generation layer includes a photovoltaic conversion layer and an electrode layer, the electrode layer is disposed on the side of the photovoltaic conversion layer away from the front plate, the photovoltaic conversion layer is used to convert light energy into electrical energy, and the electrode layer is electrically connected to the current transmission layer.

[0013] In some implementations, the electrode layer includes a plurality of positive electrodes and a plurality of negative electrodes, the positive electrodes being dot-shaped, the negative electrodes being dot-shaped, the current transmission layer being strip-shaped, and the current transmission layer connecting the plurality of negative electrodes and the plurality of positive electrodes in series and / or in parallel.

[0014] In some embodiments, the power generation layer includes a plurality of sub-power generation layers, the sub-power generation layers are arranged in an array, each sub-power generation layer includes a plurality of positive electrodes arranged in an array and a plurality of negative electrodes arranged in an array, the rows of the positive electrodes and the rows of the negative electrodes alternate, the current transmission layer includes a first sub-portion, a second sub-portion, and a third sub-portion, the first sub-portion, the second sub-portion, and the third sub-portion alternate sequentially in a first direction and are arranged at intervals from each other, the first sub-portion is used to electrically connect the positive electrodes or negative electrodes in each of the sub-power generation layers and electrically connect the positive electrodes and negative electrodes of two adjacent sub-power generation layers in the second direction, the second sub-portion is used to electrically connect the positive electrodes and negative electrodes of two adjacent sub-power generation layers in the first direction, and the third sub-portion is used to electrically connect the negative electrodes or positive electrodes in each of the sub-power generation layers, and the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0015] In some implementations, the electrode layer includes a plurality of positive electrodes and a plurality of negative electrodes, the positive electrodes being linear, the negative electrodes being linear, and the current transmission layer being linear, and the current transmission layer connecting the plurality of negative electrodes and the plurality of positive electrodes in series and / or in parallel.

[0016] In some embodiments, the power generation layer includes a plurality of sub-power generation layers, the plurality of sub-power generation layers being arranged in an array, each of the sub-power generation layers including a plurality of positive electrodes and a plurality of negative electrodes arranged along a second direction, the positive electrodes and the negative electrodes being arranged alternately, the current transmission layer including a plurality of first conductive wires, a plurality of second conductive wires, and a plurality of third conductive wires, the first conductive wires, the second conductive wires, and the third conductive wires being arranged sequentially at intervals in the first direction, the first conductive wires being used to electrically connect the positive electrodes or negative electrodes of each of the sub-power generation layers, the second conductive wires being used to electrically connect the positive electrodes and negative electrodes of two adjacent sub-power generation layers in the first direction, the third conductive wires being used to electrically connect the positive electrodes or negative electrodes of each of the sub-power generation layers and to electrically connect the positive electrodes and negative electrodes of two adjacent sub-power generation layers in the second direction of the current transmission layer, the first direction and the second direction being perpendicular to each other.

[0017] In some implementations, the curved photovoltaic module further includes a first adhesive layer and a second adhesive layer, the first adhesive layer being used to connect the front plate and the power generation layer, and the second adhesive layer being used to connect the current transmission layer and the back plate.

[0018] The photovoltaic building surface in the embodiment of the present application includes the curved photovoltaic modules described in any of the above embodiments, and adjacent curved photovoltaic modules are connected to each other.

[0019] In the curved photovoltaic module and photovoltaic building surface according to the embodiment of the present application, the current transmission layer is only provided on the second side of the power generating layer, and no current transmission layer is provided on the first side of the power generating layer, which increases the contact area between the first side of the power generating layer and the light, thereby improving the utilization rate of the light from the power generating layer and increasing the power generation efficiency of the curved photovoltaic module. Furthermore, because the current transmission layer is only provided on the second side of the power generating layer, the curvature of the entire power generating layer is increased, and the curvature of the curved photovoltaic module is also increased. Compared with current curved photovoltaic modules, the curved photovoltaic module according to the embodiment of the present application has a larger curvature, which allows the curved photovoltaic module to have a better degree of adhesion to buildings.

[0020] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be set forth in part in the description that follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the present application. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0021] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of exemplary embodiments taken in conjunction with the drawings, in which:

[0022] [Figure 1] 1 is an exploded schematic diagram of a curved photovoltaic module according to some embodiments of the present application. [Figure 2] 1 is a schematic exploded view of a curved photovoltaic module according to some other embodiments of the present application. [Figure 3] 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional assembly of a curved photovoltaic module in some embodiments of the present application. [Figure 4] 10A and 10B are schematic three-dimensional assembly diagrams of curved photovoltaic modules in other embodiments of the present application. [Figure 5] 1 is a schematic three-dimensional assembly diagram of a curved photovoltaic module in accordance with some further embodiments of the present application. [Figure 6] 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a power generation layer of a curved photovoltaic module in some embodiments of the present application; FIG. [Figure 7]1 is a schematic plan view of a power generation layer of a curved photovoltaic module in some embodiments of the present application. [Figure 8] 1 is a schematic plan view of a current transmission layer of a curved photovoltaic module in some embodiments of the present application. [Figure 9] 9 is a schematic view showing the fitting of the power generation layer shown in FIG. 7 and the current transmission layer shown in FIG. 8. [Figure 10] 10A and 10B are schematic plan views of the power generation layer of a curved photovoltaic module in some other implementations of the present application. [Figure 11] 10 is a schematic plan view of a current transmission layer of a curved photovoltaic module in some other implementations of the present application. FIG. [Figure 12] 12 is a schematic diagram of the interlocking of the power generation layer shown in FIG. 10 and the current transmission layer shown in FIG. 11 in the present application. [Figure 13] 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a photovoltaic building surface in some implementations of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0023] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present application clearer and easier to understand, the following detailed description of specific embodiments of the present application will be provided in conjunction with the drawings. Specific details are set forth in the following description to ensure a thorough understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the present application, so the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0024] In the description of this application, the orientations or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial direction," "radial direction," and "circumferential direction" are orientations or positional relationships shown based on the drawings, and are intended merely to facilitate and simplify the description of this application. They do not indicate or imply that the indicated devices or elements have a specific orientation or should be configured or operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting this application.

[0025] Additionally, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or to specify the number of technical features being indicated. Thus, a feature qualified as "first" or "second" may indicate or imply the inclusion of at least one of that feature. In the description herein, "plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically limited.

[0026] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "attached," "coupled," "connected," "fixed," etc. should be interpreted broadly, and may refer to, for example, a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integration, a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection via an intermediary, and, unless otherwise expressly limited, an internal communication between two components or an interactive relationship between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms according to specific circumstances.

[0027] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact or indirect contact via an intermediary. Furthermore, a first feature being "above," "upper," or "on the upper surface" of a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," or "on the lower surface" of a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0028] It should be noted that when a component is said to be "fixed" or "mounted" to another component, it may refer to the component being directly connected to the other component, or to the presence of an intervening component. When a component is said to be "connected" to another component, it may refer to the component being directly connected to the other component, or to the presence of an intervening component. Terms such as "vertical," "horizontal," "up," "down," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only mode of implementation.

[0029] Curved photovoltaic tiles have emerged as a response to the trend toward combining traditional roofing tiles in architecture. The first curved photovoltaic tiles were developed based on flexible copper indium gallium selenide (CuInGaSe) cell strips. While the CuInGaSe cell strips offer significant flexibility, they only offer a power generation efficiency of 12% to 14% and are expensive. Current curved photovoltaic tiles mostly use crystalline silicon cell strips to improve power generation efficiency and reduce costs. Crystalline silicon cell strips offer high photoelectric conversion efficiency. However, because crystalline silicon cell strips are highly brittle and easily break when bent, the ratio of the arc length of the curved line segment to the corresponding chord length of current curved photovoltaic tiles is small. This small curvature results in poor adhesion between the curved photovoltaic tile and the building. To address this issue, the present application provides a curved photovoltaic module 100 (shown in FIG. 1) and a photovoltaic architectural surface 1000 (shown in FIG. 13).

[0030] 1 and 2, a curved photovoltaic module 100 in an embodiment of the present application includes a power generation layer 30, a current transmission layer 50, a front panel 10, and a back panel 70. The power generation layer 30 includes a first side 31 and a second side 33 facing back to back. The current transmission layer 50 is located on the second side 33 of the power generation layer 30, and is electrically connected to the power generation layer 30. The front panel 10 is located on the first side 31 of the power generation layer 30. The back panel 70 is located on the side of the current transmission layer 50 away from the power generation layer 30, and the front panel 10, power generation layer 30, current transmission layer 50, and back panel 70 are sequentially stacked.

[0031] Specifically, the curved photovoltaic module 100 is a structure that can be used to convert light energy into electrical energy to supply power to other devices and can be used as a building component. The curved photovoltaic module 100 can be attached to the top or side of a building, and the curved photovoltaic module 100 can generate electricity while improving the aesthetics of the building.

[0032] The front plate 10 is a structure used to protect the first side 31 of the power generating layer 30. The back plate 70 is a structure used to protect the second side 33 of the power generating layer 30 and the current transmitting layer 50. Preferably, the front plate 10 and the back plate 70 both have a certain mechanical strength and also have waterproof and insulating properties, so that the front plate 10 and the back plate 70 can better protect the power generating layer 30 and the current transmitting layer 50.

[0033] The power generation layer 30 is a structure used to receive light energy and convert it into electrical energy. The current transmission layer 50 is used to transmit the electrical energy generated by the power generation layer 30 to other electrical circuits, allowing the curved photovoltaic module 100 to charge other devices. The current transmission layer 50 can be connected to the second side 33 of the power generation layer 30 by welding or bonding with a conductive adhesive. The current transmission layer 50 can be made of a metal material, including but not limited to silver and copper. The current transmission layer 50 can also be a conductive adhesive or a conductive tape.

[0034] In the curved photovoltaic module 100 according to the embodiment of the present application, the current transmission layer 50 is only provided on the second side 33 of the power generating layer 30, and no current transmission layer 50 is provided on the first side 31 of the power generating layer 30, which increases the contact area between the first side 31 of the power generating layer 30 and light, improves the light utilization rate of the power generating layer 30, and increases the power generation efficiency of the curved photovoltaic module 100. Furthermore, because the current transmission layer 50 is only provided on the second side 33 of the power generating layer 30, the bending radius of the entire power generating layer 30 is increased, and the bending radius of the curved photovoltaic module 100 is also increased. Compared with current curved photovoltaic modules, the curved photovoltaic module 100 according to the embodiment of the present application has a larger bending radius, which allows the curved photovoltaic module 100 to have better adhesion to buildings.

[0035] The curved photovoltaic module 100 will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings.

[0036] Referring to FIG. 1 , in some embodiments, the front panel 10 is a rigid, curved, light-transmitting panel, and the back panel 70 is a rigid panel with the same curved surface as the front panel 10. The front panel 10 may be, but is not limited to, a transparent, rigid glass. Preferably, the front panel 10 has a high light transmittance, e.g., 70% or more, allowing most or all of the light to pass through the front panel 10 and reach the power generation layer 30, which can convert the received light energy into electrical energy. For example, the light transmittance of the front panel 10 may be 70%, 73.1%, 75.6%, 77%, 78.5%, 80.3%, 83%, 85.1%, 87.2%, 90.5%, 92.4%, 93.7%, 95.6%, 97.8%, or 100%, etc. In this case, the back panel 70 may be rigid glass having the same light transmittance as the front panel 10, or may be rigid glass having a light transmittance different from that of the front panel 10. For example, the back panel 70 may be rigid glass having a light transmittance of less than 70%, or may be opaque rigid glass.

[0037] 2, in some other embodiments, the front panel 10 is a rigid, curved, light-transmitting panel, and the back panel 70 is a flat, flexible film that can be bent to form the same curve as the front panel 10. In this case, the material of the back panel 70 may be polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or a PET composite material. When the back panel 70 needs to be bonded to the front panel 10, the power generating layer 30, and the current transmitting layer 50, the flexible back panel 70 can be bent to the same curve as the front panel 10.

[0038] 1 to 3 , in some embodiments, the power generating layer 30 is a planar silicon-based structure, and the current transmitting layer 50 is a metal conductive structure. Both the power generating layer 30 and the current transmitting layer 50 can bend to fit the shape of the front plate 10 to form the same curved surface as the front plate 10. The material of the current transmitting layer 50 may be, but is not limited to, gold, silver, or copper. Both the power generating layer 30 and the current transmitting layer 50 have a certain bending ability. When both the power generating layer 30 and the current transmitting layer 50 need to be bonded to the front plate 10, the power generating layer 30 and the current transmitting layer 50 can bend to the same curved surface as the front plate 10, allowing the front plate 10, the power generating layer 30, the current transmitting layer 50, and the back plate 70 to be tightly bonded together in sequence.

[0039] As previously described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5, the front panel 10, the power generation layer 30, the current transmission layer 50, and the back panel 70 all have the same curved surface. In some embodiments, the vertical projection of the curved surface is a curve consisting of a single curved line segment, as shown in FIG. 4, in which case the curved photovoltaic module 100 has a small volume, is light in weight, and is easy to transport. In other embodiments, the vertical projection of the curved surface is a curve consisting of multiple sequentially connected curved line segments, as shown in FIG. 3, in which case the curve consisting of multiple curved line segments is wavy, and the curved photovoltaic module 100 has a large volume and is easy to assemble in a building. In still other embodiments, the vertical projection of the curved surface is a non-circular curve consisting of curved line segments and straight line segments, as shown in FIG. 5, in which the non-circular curve is formed by sequentially connecting the curved line segments and straight line segments. The overall appearance of the curved photovoltaic module 100 is aesthetic, and the installation of multiple curved photovoltaic modules 100 is stable.

[0040] 1 to 3, in some embodiments, the bending radius of the curved photovoltaic module 100 ranges from [25 mm to 200 mm]. Here, the bending radius of the curved photovoltaic module 100 refers to the bending radius of each curved line segment (each curved line segment in the curved photovoltaic module 100 has the same bending radius). In the curved photovoltaic module 100, the bending radius of the front plate 10, the bending radius of the power generation layer 30, the bending radius of the current transmission layer 50, and the bending radius of the back plate 70 are all the same.

[0041] Specifically, the bending radius of the curved photovoltaic module 100 may be 25 mm, 38.6 mm, 43.7 mm, 50 mm, 63.4 mm, 70.8 mm, 81.3 mm, 98.7 mm, 101 mm, 109.2 mm, 112.5 mm, 120.9 mm, 136.7 mm, 162.1 mm, or 200 mm, etc. If the bending radius of the curved photovoltaic module 100 is smaller than 25 mm, there is a high risk of the power generation layer 30 of the curved photovoltaic module 100 being broken. If the bending radius of the curved photovoltaic module 100 is larger than 200 mm, the bending radius of the curved photovoltaic module 100 is not sufficiently obvious, resulting in poor aesthetics and poor architectural compatibility. When the bending radius of the curved photovoltaic module 100 is in the range of [25mm, 200mm], the bending radius of the curved photovoltaic module 100 is clear, has a good aesthetic appearance, and can be highly attached to buildings, while the power generation layer 30 is not easily broken.

[0042] 3, in some embodiments, when the vertical projection of the curved surface is a curve consisting of multiple sequentially connected curved line segments, the bending directions of two adjacent curved line segments are opposite to each other and the bending radii of the multiple curved line segments are the same. For example, when a first curved line segment in the curved photovoltaic module 100 has a downward-opening parabolic shape (the middle of the curved line segment is raised upward), a second curved line segment adjacent to the first curved line segment has an upward-opening parabolic shape (the middle of the curved line segment is concave downward), a third curved line segment adjacent to the second curved line segment also has a downward-opening parabolic shape (the middle of the curved line segment is raised upward), and a fourth curved line segment adjacent to the third curved line segment has an upward-opening parabolic shape (the middle of the curved line segment is concave downward). By analogy, the shape of the curve consisting of multiple curved line segments is a wavy line. The bending radius of each curved line segment is the same, for example, the bending radius of the first curved line segment is 70.8 mm, and the bending radius of the second curved line segment, the third curved line segment and other curved line segments are all 70.8 mm, or the bending radius of the first curved line segment is 120 mm, and the bending radius of the second curved line segment, the third curved line segment and other curved line segments are all 120 mm.

[0043] Referring to Figure 5, in some other embodiments, when the vertical projection of the curved surface is a modified curve consisting of curved and straight line segments, the bending directions of the curved line segments are the same and the bending radii of the curved line segments are the same. For example, the curved line segments are all parabolic and open downward (the middle of the curved line segments is raised upward), and two adjacent curved line segments are connected by a straight line segment. The bending radii of the curved line segments may be, but are not limited to, 63.4 mm, 70.8 mm, 76.8 mm, 81.3 mm, 83.5 mm, or 91.6 mm.

[0044] Referring to Figures 1 and 6, in some implementations, the power generation layer 30 includes a photovoltaic conversion layer 35 and an electrode layer 37, the electrode layer 37 is disposed on the side of the photovoltaic conversion layer 35 away from the front plate 10, the photovoltaic conversion layer 35 is used to convert light energy into electrical energy, and the electrode layer 37 is electrically connected to the current transmission layer 50.

[0045] Specifically, the photoelectric conversion layer 35 of the present application is made of crystalline silicon, and is used to receive light energy and convert the light energy into electrical energy. The electrical energy generated in the photoelectric conversion layer 35 is transmitted to the current transmission layer 50 by the electrode layer 37, and then transmitted from the current transmission layer 50 to other electrical circuits.

[0046] 7 and 10 , the electrode layer 37 includes a positive electrode 371 and a negative electrode 373, and the current transmission layer 50 connects the positive electrode 371 and the negative electrode 373 of the electrode layer 37. Because the positive electrode 371 and the negative electrode 373 are both located on the side of the photovoltaic layer 35 away from the front plate 10, the current transmission layer 50 only needs to be located on the second side 33 of the power generation layer 30. If the current transmission layer 50 is located on the second side 33 of the power generation layer 30, the side of the power generation layer 30 closer to the front plate 10 will not be blocked by the current transmission layer 50, which improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic layer 35 and improves the overall appearance of the power generation layer 30.

[0047] In the present application, both the positive electrode 371 and the negative electrode 373 are made of a metal material, which may be, but is not limited to, gold, silver, or copper. The thicknesses of the positive electrode 371 and the negative electrode 373 provided on the side of the photoelectric conversion layer 35 away from the front plate 10 may be, but are not limited to, 23 μm, 30 μm, 54 μm, 70 μm, or 82 μm. Preferably, the thicknesses of the positive electrode 371 and the negative electrode 373 are the same, and the current transmission layer 50 is tightly attached to both the positive electrode 371 and the negative electrode 373. The electrical connection between the positive electrode 371 and the current transmission layer 50 may be, but is not limited to, welding or ohmic contact, and the electrical connection between the negative electrode 373 and the current transmission layer 50 may be, but is not limited to, welding or ohmic contact.

[0048] In current curved photovoltaic modules, the positive and negative electrodes of the power generation layer are disposed on the first and second sides of the power generation layer, respectively, and the current transmission layer must extend over the first and second sides of the power generation layer. When the power generation layer is bent, the current transmission layer tends to pull the power generation layer, reducing the bending radius of the power generation layer and further increasing the risk of the power generation layer breaking. Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, in the curved photovoltaic module 100 according to the present application, the current transmission layer 50 is disposed only on the second side 33 of the power generation layer 30. When the power generation layer 30 is bent, the current transmission layer 50 does not pull the power generation layer 30, allowing the power generation layer 30 to bend at a greater radius, thereby increasing the bending radius of the curved photovoltaic module 100 and reducing the risk of the power generation layer 30 breaking.

[0049] 1, 7 and 8, in some embodiments, the electrode layer 37 includes a plurality of positive electrodes 371 and a plurality of negative electrodes 373, the positive electrodes 371 being dot-shaped, the negative electrodes 373 being dot-shaped, and the current transmission layer 50 being strip-shaped, connecting the plurality of negative electrodes 373 and the plurality of positive electrodes 371 in series and / or in parallel. In this embodiment, the strip-shaped current transmission layer 50 connects the plurality of positive electrodes 371 and the plurality of negative electrodes 373 of the electrode layer 37 in series.

[0050] 7, specifically, the power generation layer 30 includes a plurality of sub-power generation layers 39, and the plurality of sub-power generation layers 39 are arranged in an array. Each sub-power generation layer 39 includes a plurality of positive electrodes 371 arranged in an array and a plurality of negative electrodes 373 arranged in an array. The rows of the positive electrodes 371 alternate with the rows of the negative electrodes 373. Here, the number of sub-power generation layers 39 may be two, three, four, six, or more. When there are three sub-power generation layers 39, three sub-power generation layers 39 are sequentially connected to form an array of three rows and one column. When there are four sub-power generation layers 39, four sub-power generation layers 39 may be sequentially connected to form an array of four rows and one column, or four sub-power generation layers 39 may be arranged to form an array of two rows and two columns (in a "cross" shape). When there are six sub-power generation layers 39, the six sub-power generation layers 39 may be connected in sequence to form an array of six rows and one column, or the six sub-power generation layers 39 may be arranged to form an array of two rows and three columns. In the present application, there are six sub-power generation layers 39, and the six sub-power generation layers 39 are arranged to form an array of two rows and three columns.

[0051] In the present application, the plurality of positive electrodes 371 in each sub-power generation layer 39 are arranged in a three-row, four-column array, and the plurality of negative electrodes 373 in each sub-power generation layer 39 are also arranged in a three-row, four-column array, with the positive electrodes 371 and negative electrodes 373 arranged in alternating rows.

[0052] 8 and 9, when the positive electrodes 371 and the negative electrodes 373 are dot-shaped, the current transmission layer 50 is strip-shaped and includes a first sub-portion 51, a second sub-portion 53, and a third sub-portion 55, the first sub-portion 51, the second sub-portion 53, and the third sub-portion 55 are alternately arranged in the first direction X and spaced apart from each other, and the first sub-portion 51 electrically connects the positive electrodes 371 or the negative electrodes 373 in each power generation sub-layer 39; The first sub-portion 53 is used to electrically connect the positive electrodes 371 and negative electrodes 373 of two adjacent sub-power generation layers 39 in the first direction X, and the third sub-portion 55 is used to electrically connect the negative electrodes 373 or positive electrodes 371 of each sub-power generation layer 39, and the first direction X and the second direction Y are perpendicular to each other.

[0053] 9 , when six sub-power generation layers 39 are arranged in two rows and three columns, a first sub-portion 51, a second sub-portion 53, and a third sub-portion 55 are sequentially arranged in the first direction X and spaced apart by an “S”-shaped groove. One first sub-portion 51 electrically connects all the positive electrodes 371 in the sub-power generation layer (a) 39, and the other first sub-portion 51 electrically connects all the negative electrodes 373 in the sub-power generation layer (d) 39. The two first sub-portions 51 are electrically connected, and the two first sub-portions 51 are used to serially connect the sub-power generation layer (a) 39, the sub-portion 51, and the sub-power generation layer (d) 39. The second sub-section 53 electrically connects all of the negative electrodes 373 in the sub-power generation layer (a) 39 and all of the positive electrodes 371 in the sub-power generation layer (b) 39, all of the negative electrodes 373 in the sub-power generation layer (b) 39 and all of the positive electrodes 371 in the sub-power generation layer (c) 39, all of the positive electrodes 371 in the sub-power generation layer (d) 39 and all of the negative electrodes 373 in the sub-power generation layer (e) 39, and all of the positive electrodes 371 in the sub-power generation layer (e) 39 and all of the negative electrodes 373 in the sub-power generation layer (f) 39. The second sub-section 53 is used to connect the sub-power generation layer (a) 39 and the sub-power generation layer 39(b) in series, to connect the sub-power generation layer (b) 39 and the sub-power generation layer (c) 39 in series, to connect the sub-power generation layer (d) 39 and the sub-power generation layer (e) 39 in series, and to connect the sub-power generation layer (e) 39 and the sub-power generation layer (f) 39 in series. One third sub-section 55 electrically connects all of the negative electrodes 373 of the sub-power generation layer (c) 39, and the other third sub-section 55 electrically connects all of the positive electrodes 371 of the sub-power generation layer (f) 39. The first sub-section 51, second sub-section 53, and third sub-section 55 sequentially connect all of the sub-power generation layers 39 in series, and finally the positive electrodes 371 and negative electrodes 373 are drawn out from the two third sub-sections 55, respectively, and connected to an external electrical circuit to form a circuit, allowing electricity from the power generation layer 30 to flow to other components via the current transmission layer 50.

[0054] 2, 10, and 11, in some other embodiments, the electrode layer 37 includes a plurality of positive electrodes 371 and a plurality of negative electrodes 373, the positive electrodes 371 are linear, the negative electrodes 373 are linear, and the current transmission layer 50 is linear, connecting the plurality of negative electrodes 373 and the plurality of positive electrodes 371 in series and / or in parallel. In this embodiment, the linear current transmission layer 50 connects the plurality of positive electrodes 371 and the plurality of negative electrodes 373 of the electrode layer 37 in series.

[0055] 10 , the power generation layer 30 includes a plurality of sub-power generation layers 39, which are arranged in an array. Each sub-power generation layer 39 includes a plurality of positive electrodes 371 arranged in the second direction Y of the current transmission layer 50 and a plurality of negative electrodes 373 arranged in the second direction Y of the current transmission layer 50, with the positive electrodes 371 and the negative electrodes 373 arranged alternately. Here, the number of sub-power generation layers 39 may be two, three, four, six, or more. When there are three sub-power generation layers 39, three sub-power generation layers 39 are sequentially connected to form an array of three rows and one column. When there are four sub-power generation layers 39, four sub-power generation layers 39 may be sequentially connected to form an array of four rows and one column, or four sub-power generation layers 39 may be arranged to form an array of two rows and two columns (a cross-shaped configuration). When there are six sub-power generation layers 39, the six sub-power generation layers 39 may be connected in sequence to form an array of six rows and one column, or the six sub-power generation layers 39 may be arranged to form an array of two rows and three columns. In the present application, there are six sub-power generation layers 39, and the six sub-power generation layers 39 are arranged to form an array of two rows and three columns.

[0056] The number of positive electrodes 371 in each sub-power generation layer 39 may be two, three, four or more, and the number of negative electrodes 373 in each sub-power generation layer 39 is the same as the number of positive electrodes 371. In this embodiment, the number of positive electrodes 371 and negative electrodes 373 in each sub-power generation layer 39 is four. The four positive electrodes 371 are sequentially arranged at intervals along the second direction Y, and the four negative electrodes 373 are sequentially arranged at intervals along the second direction Y, forming an arrangement pattern in which the positive electrodes 371 and the negative electrodes 373 are arranged in alternating rows.

[0057] 11 and 12 , when the positive electrode 371 and the negative electrode 373 are both linear, the current transmission layer 50 is linear and includes a plurality of first conductive wires 57, a plurality of second conductive wires 58, and a plurality of third conductive wires 59, where the first conductive wires 57, the second conductive wires 58, and the third conductive wires 59 are alternately arranged in the first direction X and spaced apart from one another. The first conductive wires 57 are used to electrically connect the positive electrodes 371 or the negative electrodes 373 of each sub-power generation layer 39, the second conductive wires 58 are used to electrically connect the positive electrodes 371 and the negative electrodes 373 of two adjacent sub-power generation layers 39 in the first direction X, and the third conductive wire 59 is used to electrically connect the positive electrodes 371 and the negative electrodes 373 of each sub-power generation layer 39 and electrically connect the adjacent positive electrodes 371 and the negative electrodes 373 in the second direction Y.

[0058] 12 , the second conductive wire 58 electrically connects all of the positive electrodes 371 of the sub-power generation layer (a) 39 and all of the negative electrodes 373 of the sub-power generation layer (b) 39, all of the positive electrodes 371 of the sub-power generation layer (b) 39 and all of the negative electrodes 373 of the sub-power generation layer (c) 39, all of the negative electrodes 373 of the sub-power generation layer (d) 39 and all of the positive electrodes 371 of the sub-power generation layer (e) 39, and all of the negative electrodes 373 of the sub-power generation layer (e) 39 and all of the positive electrodes 371 of the sub-power generation layer (f) 39. The second conductive wire 58 is used to connect the sub-power generation layer (a) 39 and the sub-power generation layer 39(b) in series, to connect the sub-power generation layer (b) 39 and the sub-power generation layer (c) 39 in series, to connect the sub-power generation layer (d) 39 and the sub-power generation layer (e) 39 in series, and to connect the sub-power generation layer (e) 39 and the sub-power generation layer (f) 39 in series. The third conductive wire 59 electrically connects all of the positive electrodes 371 in the sub-power generation layer (c) 39 and all of the negative electrodes 373 in the sub-power generation layer (f) 39, so that the third conductive wire 59 connects the sub-power generation layer (c) 39 and the sub-power generation layer (f) 39 in series. One first conductive wire 57 electrically connects all of the negative electrodes 373 in the sub-power generation layer (a) 39, and the other first conductive wire 57 electrically connects all of the positive electrodes 371 in the sub-power generation layer (d) 39. The first conductive wire 57, the second conductive wire 58, and the third conductive wire 59 sequentially connect all of the sub-power generation layers 39 in series, so that the positive electrodes 371 and the negative electrodes 373 are drawn out from the two first conductive wires 57, respectively, and connected to an external electrical circuit, allowing electricity from the power generation layer 30 to flow to other components via the current transmission layer 50.

[0059] 1 and 2, in some implementations, the curved photovoltaic module 100 further includes a first adhesive layer 20 and a second adhesive layer 60, where the first adhesive layer 20 is used to connect the front plate 10 and the power generation layer 30, and the second adhesive layer 60 is used to connect the current transmission layer 50 and the back plate 70.

[0060] Specifically, the first adhesive layer 20 is used to tightly connect the front plate 10 and the first side 31 of the power generation layer 30, and the second adhesive layer 60 is used to tightly connect the current transmission layer 50 and the back plate 70, thereby ensuring a tight connection between the various components of the curved photovoltaic module 100. Preferably, the first adhesive layer 20 is an optically transparent adhesive, which reduces the loss of light passing through the first adhesive layer 20 when light passes through the front plate 10 and the first adhesive layer 20 and reaches the power generation layer 30. For example, the light transmittance of the first adhesive layer 20 may be 70% or more, and may be 70%, 72.5%, 76.8%, 79.4%, 81%, 83.6%, 85.4%, 87.1%, 91.2%, 94.7%, 95.8%, 97.4%, or 100%, etc. Here, optical transparent adhesives include, but are not limited to, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyolefin elastomer (POE), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), silica gel, etc.

[0061] The second adhesive layer 60 may be translucent or opaque. When the second adhesive layer 60 is translucent, the second adhesive layer 60 may be the same optically transparent pressure-sensitive adhesive as the first adhesive layer 20. When the second adhesive layer 60 is opaque, the second adhesive layer 60 may be a transparent cut-off adhesive film or a black adhesive film. Here, the black adhesive film is almost opaque, and the transparent cut-off adhesive film has a light transmittance of 30% or less.

[0062] 13, the photovoltaic building surface 1000 in the embodiment of the present application includes any of the curved photovoltaic modules 100 described above, and adjacent curved photovoltaic modules 100 are connected to each other. When waterproofing of the product is required, compared to the planar photovoltaic modules, when adjacent curved photovoltaic modules 100 are overlapped, the overlapping area is small, the contact area between the curved photovoltaic modules 100 and light is large, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is high.

[0063] In the photovoltaic building surface 1000 according to the embodiment of the present application, the current transmission layer 50 is only provided on the second side 33 of the power generating layer 30, and no current transmission layer 50 is provided on the first side 31 of the power generating layer 30, which increases the contact area between the first side 31 of the power generating layer 30 and light, improves the utilization rate of the light from the power generating layer 30, and increases the power generation efficiency of the curved photovoltaic module 100. Furthermore, because the current transmission layer 50 is only provided on the second side 33 of the power generating layer 30, the bending radius of the entire power generating layer 30 is increased, and the bending radius of the curved photovoltaic module 100 is also increased. Compared with current curved photovoltaic modules 100, the curved radius of the curved photovoltaic module 100 according to the embodiment of the present application is greater, and the curved photovoltaic module 100 can be better bonded to buildings.

[0064] The technical features of the above-described embodiments can be combined in any manner, and for the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features of the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered to be within the scope described in this specification. At the same time, structural and logical substitutions and changes can be made by using the above-described embodiments to derive other implementation methods without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0065] The above examples merely illustrate some implementation modes of the present application, and the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent. Those skilled in the art may make some modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present application, which are also within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. 1. A curved photovoltaic module comprising: a power generating layer, a current carrying layer, a front plate, and a back plate, the power generating layer having a first side and a second side facing each other; the current carrying layer is located on a second side of the power generating layer, the current carrying layer being electrically connected to the power generating layer; the front plate is located on a first side of the power generating layer; A curved photovoltaic module in which the back plate is located on the side of the current transmission layer away from the power generation layer, and the front plate, the power generation layer, the current transmission layer and the back plate are stacked in this order.

2. The front panel is a hard, light-transmitting panel having a curved surface, and the back panel is a hard panel having the same curved surface as the front panel, or 2. The curved photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein the front plate is a rigid light-transmitting plate having a curved surface, and the back plate is a flat flexible thin film that can be bent to form the same curved surface as the front plate.

3. 3. The curved photovoltaic module of claim 2, wherein the power generation layer is a planar silicon-based structure, the current transmission layer is a metal conductive structure, and both the power generation layer and the metal conductive structure can be curved to fit the shape of the front plate to form the same curved shape as the front plate.

4. 4. The curved photovoltaic module of claim 3, wherein the bending radius of the curved photovoltaic module is in the range of [25 mm, 200 mm].

5. 4. The curved photovoltaic module of claim 3, wherein the vertical projection of the curved surface is a curve consisting of one curved line segment, or the vertical projection of the curved surface is a curve consisting of multiple sequentially connected curved line segments, or the vertical projection of the curved surface is a modified curve consisting of curved line segments and straight line segments.

6. 6. The curved photovoltaic module of claim 5, wherein when the vertical projection of the curved surface is a curve consisting of a plurality of sequentially connected curved line segments, the bending directions of two adjacent curved line segments are opposite to each other and the bending radii of the plurality of curved line segments are the same, and when the vertical projection of the curved surface is an irregular curve consisting of curved line segments and straight line segments, the bending directions of the plurality of curved line segments are the same and the bending radii of the plurality of curved line segments are the same.

7. 2. The curved photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein the power generation layer includes a photoelectric conversion layer and an electrode layer, the electrode layer is provided on the side of the photoelectric conversion layer away from the front plate, the photoelectric conversion layer is used to convert light energy into electrical energy, and the electrode layer is electrically connected to the current transmission layer.

8. 8. The curved photovoltaic module of claim 7, wherein the electrode layer includes a plurality of positive electrodes and a plurality of negative electrodes, the positive electrodes being dot-shaped, the negative electrodes being dot-shaped, the current transmission layer being strip-shaped, and the current transmission layer connecting the plurality of negative electrodes and the plurality of positive electrodes in series and / or in parallel.

9. 9. The curved photovoltaic module of claim 8, wherein the power generation layer includes a plurality of sub-power generation layers, the plurality of sub-power generation layers are arranged in an array, each sub-power generation layer includes a plurality of positive electrodes arranged in an array and a plurality of negative electrodes arranged in an array, the rows of the positive electrodes and the rows of the negative electrodes alternate, the current transmission layer includes a first sub-portion, a second sub-portion, and a third sub-portion, the first sub-portion, the second sub-portion, and the third sub-portion alternate sequentially in a first direction and are arranged at intervals from each other, the first sub-portion is used to electrically connect the positive electrodes or negative electrodes in each of the sub-power generation layers and electrically connect the positive electrodes and negative electrodes of two adjacent sub-power generation layers in the second direction, the second sub-portion is used to electrically connect the positive electrodes and negative electrodes of two adjacent sub-power generation layers in the first direction, and the third sub-portion is used to electrically connect the negative electrodes or positive electrodes in each of the sub-power generation layers, and the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other.

10. 8. The curved photovoltaic module of claim 7, wherein the electrode layer comprises a plurality of positive electrodes and a plurality of negative electrodes, the positive electrodes being linear, the negative electrodes being linear, the current transmission layer being linear, and the current transmission layer connecting the plurality of negative electrodes and the plurality of positive electrodes in series and / or in parallel.

11. 11. The curved photovoltaic module of claim 10, wherein the power generation layer includes a plurality of sub-power generation layers, the plurality of sub-power generation layers are arranged in an array, each of the sub-power generation layers includes a plurality of positive electrodes and a plurality of negative electrodes arranged along the second direction, the positive electrodes and the negative electrodes are arranged alternately, the current transmission layer includes a plurality of first conductive wires, a plurality of second conductive wires, and a plurality of third conductive wires, the first conductive wires, the second conductive wires, and the third conductive wires are arranged sequentially at intervals in the first direction, the first conductive wires are used to electrically connect the positive electrodes or negative electrodes of each of the sub-power generation layers, the second conductive wires are used to electrically connect the positive electrodes and negative electrodes of two adjacent sub-power generation layers in the first direction, the third conductive wires are used to electrically connect the positive electrodes or negative electrodes of each of the sub-power generation layers and electrically connect the positive electrodes and negative electrodes of two adjacent sub-power generation layers in the second direction of the current transmission layer, and the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other.

12. 2. The curved photovoltaic module of claim 1, further comprising a first adhesive layer and a second adhesive layer, wherein the first adhesive layer is used to connect the front plate and the power generation layer, and the second adhesive layer is used to connect the current transmission layer and the back plate.

13. A photovoltaic building surface comprising a plurality of curved photovoltaic modules according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein adjacent curved photovoltaic modules are connected to each other.

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