Energy Adjustment System

Abstract

An energy regulation system is provided. [Solution] An energy conditioning system is electrically connected to a power source, a load, and a first energy storage device having a lithium battery structure. The energy conditioning system includes a second energy storage device, at least one converter, and a controller. Here, the second energy storage device has a capacitor structure and is electrically connected to the power source or the load. The converter is electrically connected between the first energy storage device and the second energy storage device and transmits an output voltage and an output current. The controller is used to detect a first voltage value, a first current value, or a second voltage value of the first energy storage device, and when the second voltage value of the second energy storage device is smaller than a reference voltage value, the first energy storage device is used as a power source to charge the second energy storage device to the reference voltage value, and the controller controls the converter to transmit the output voltage and the output current.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to storage systems, and in particular to energy conditioning systems. [Background technology]

[0002] The main concept of the power grid is to integrate loads and sources into a single, controllable energy storage system to supply electrical energy to users. As the number of renewable energy devices increases, the price competitiveness of green energy is gradually increasing. However, the intermittent nature of green energy makes it difficult to smoothly regulate power and the grid, ensuring stability and smoothing of output, without an energy storage system to store excess power. A power conditioning system (PCS) is connected to the power grid and used to regulate the grid's power. In addition to providing emergency backup power, a power conditioning system can also solve the problems of renewable energy instability and low-frequency power outages caused by low frequencies. At the same time, it can store renewable energy and use it for peak shaving. Because traditional power systems face instability after integrating large amounts of renewable energy into the grid, power companies are introducing energy storage automatic frequency control (AFC). This technology utilizes the rapid charge / discharge characteristics of energy storage systems to actively adjust charge / discharge operations and regulate the power system frequency, thereby helping to maintain frequency deviations caused by load fluctuations in the power system. This makes it highly suitable as a system stabilization measure for systems with a high proportion of renewable energy. Its actual use is to absorb or supplement short-term overloads and low loads on the power grid. The power grid system provides peak shaving, frequency regulation, and rapid adjustment of electrical energy, as well as energy transfer or storage of electrical energy output from renewable energy sources. It provides various functions, such as grid adjustment and rapid response characteristics for adjusting real and imaginary power between client loads and renewable energy generation facilities. It also provides various services, such as smoothing renewable energy output, adjusting grid frequency, and providing backup power, thereby helping the power grid fulfill its responsibility to provide a stable power supply. Due to the short lifespan of lead-acid batteries, most energy storage systems use lithium or lithium-iron batteries.Theoretically, it is possible to extend the lifespan of a lithium battery or lithium-iron battery several times; however, because lithium batteries or lithium-iron batteries need to absorb or supplement instantaneous inrush currents during overload and underload on the power grid or during startup and charging / discharging, they must implement large charging / discharging currents of approximately 2.0 C or more and small charging / discharging currents of approximately 1.0 C or less, which will affect or consume the service life of the lithium battery or lithium-iron battery, causing the maximum electrical capacity of the lithium battery or lithium-iron battery to fall below 70%, i.e., the standard at which it needs to be replaced, and shortening the service life of the lithium battery or lithium-iron battery to less than five years. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0003] Electric motorcycles or electric vehicles use lithium batteries or lithium-iron batteries with rapid charge / discharge characteristics as energy storage systems to store electrical energy for the power recovery system during braking or low speeds, or to supply power to meet the power demands of the electric vehicle's electric motor, electrical devices, etc. Because lithium batteries or lithium-iron batteries need to store or supply the electric vehicle's power overload and low load, or instantaneous inrush current during starting or power recovery, they must implement large charge / discharge currents of approximately 2.0C or more and small charge / discharge currents of approximately 1.0C or less, which affects the service life of the lithium batteries or lithium-iron batteries or consumes them, causing the maximum electrical capacity of the lithium batteries or lithium-iron batteries to fall below 70%, i.e., the standard at which they need to be replaced, and shortening the service life of the lithium batteries or lithium-iron batteries to less than five years. [Means for solving the problem]

[0004] In consideration of the above-mentioned drawbacks and to achieve the above-mentioned improvement objectives, the present invention discloses an energy conditioning system electrically connected to a power source, a load, and a first energy storage device having a lithium battery structure. The energy conditioning system includes a second energy storage device, at least one converter, and a controller. The second energy storage device has a capacitor structure and is electrically connected to the power source or the load. In a storage mode, the second energy storage device is charged using the power source as a power source or the first energy storage device is charged via the second energy storage device. In an energy transfer mode, the first energy storage device is used as a power source to charge the second energy storage device or discharge the load via the second energy storage device. The at least one converter is electrically connected between the first and second energy storage devices and transfers an output voltage and an output current in the storage mode or the energy transfer mode. The controller is used to detect a first voltage value, a first current value, or a second voltage value of the second energy storage device. The second energy storage device has a second upper limit voltage, a second lower limit voltage, and a reference voltage, respectively, and the reference voltage is between the second upper limit voltage and the second lower limit voltage. When the second voltage of the second energy storage device is lower than the reference voltage, the first energy storage device is used as a power source to charge the second energy storage device up to the reference voltage. The controller controls the converter to transmit the output voltage and output current, preventing the first energy storage device from being charged or discharged with a large current, thereby protecting the first energy storage device.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention discloses an energy conditioning system, wherein the load is a power conditioning system, an electric motor, or an electric device.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention discloses an energy adjustment system, wherein the power source is a power conditioning system, a generator, or a power recovery system.

[0007] To achieve the above object, in the energy adjustment system disclosed in the present invention, the reference voltage value is a rated operating voltage value of the load.

[0008] To achieve the above object, in the energy regulating system disclosed in the present invention, the reference voltage value is equal to or greater than a lower limit operating voltage value of the load and equal to or less than an upper limit operating voltage value of the load.

[0009] In order to achieve the above object, in the energy adjustment system disclosed in the present invention, the second upper limit voltage value is a value obtained by subtracting a margin value from the upper limit operating voltage value of the load, and the second lower limit voltage value is a value obtained by adding the margin value to the lower limit operating voltage value of the load, and the margin value is any numerical value equal to or greater than zero.

[0010] To achieve the above object, in the energy regulating system disclosed in the present invention, when the power source charges the second energy storage device, if the controller detects that the second voltage value of the second energy storage device exceeds an upper intermediate voltage value between the reference voltage value and a second upper limit voltage, the controller adjusts the converter to allow the power source to charge the first energy storage device via the second energy storage device.

[0011] To achieve the above object, in the energy regulation system disclosed in the present invention, the upper middle limit voltage value is obtained by adding the reference voltage value and the second upper limit voltage value and then dividing the result by two.

[0012] To achieve the above object, in the energy adjustment system disclosed in the present invention, when the second energy storage device is charged by the power source or when the first energy storage device is charged via the second energy storage device, the charging current is between 0 C and 1.0 C until a first current value of the first energy storage device reaches a first lower limit current value.

[0013] In order to achieve the above object, in the energy adjustment system disclosed in the present invention, the second energy storage device includes a reserve storage area that provides power storage demand for instantaneous overload of the load, and a reserve storage area that provides power supply demand for instantaneous underload of the load, thereby avoiding high-current charging or discharging of the first energy storage device and extending the life of the first energy storage device.

[0014] To achieve the above object, in the energy adjustment system disclosed in the present invention, during the wake-up phase of the power saving mode, the controller detects that the second voltage value of the second energy storage device is lower than the second lower limit voltage value or is at a lower middle limit voltage value between the reference voltage value and the second lower limit voltage value, and enters an energy transfer mode, in which the controller controls the converter to allow the first energy storage device to charge the second energy storage device.

[0015] To achieve the above object, in the energy regulation system disclosed in the present invention, the lower middle limit voltage value is obtained by adding the reference voltage value and the second lower limit voltage value and then dividing the result by two.

[0016] To achieve the above object, in the energy adjustment system disclosed in the present invention, a first energy storage device charges a second energy storage device, and the charging current is between 0 C and 2.0 C until the second voltage value of the second energy storage device reaches the reference voltage value.

[0017] The detailed structure, features, assembly, or use of the energy conditioning system disclosed in the present invention will be described in the detailed description of the following embodiments. However, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, the above detailed description and the specific embodiments set forth for implementing the present invention are for the purpose of illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0018] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an energy conditioning system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0019] The following describes the components, steps, and effects achieved by the energy adjustment system disclosed in the present invention, with reference to the corresponding preferred embodiments in combination with the drawings. However, the components, dimensions, and appearance of the energy adjustment system in the drawings are for explaining the technical features of the present invention, and do not constitute limitations on the present invention.

[0020] Additionally, the terms "comprise," "include," "have," "contain," and the like, as used herein, are open-ended terms meaning "including, but not limited to," and the term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0021] Referring to the schematic diagram of an energy adjustment system 100 shown in FIG. 1 , the energy adjustment system 100 disclosed in the present invention provides a structure combining a second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure, a converter 30, and a controller 40. The energy adjustment system 100 is electrically connected to a power source 400, a load 500, and a first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure. Here, the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure includes any one or a combination of a lithium (iron) battery, a ternary lithium battery, etc., and the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure includes any one or a combination of a supercapacitor, a supercapacitor group, a capacitor group, etc. The second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure is electrically connected to the power source 400 or the load 500, and the power source 400 or the load 500 is connected to the converter 30 via the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure, and then connected to the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure. When the power supply 400 supplies power, i.e., in the storage mode, the power supply 400 serves as a power source to charge the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure, or the controller 40 controls the converter 30 to generate an output voltage V 1crg and the output current I 1crg , allowing the power source 400 to charge the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure via the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure and the converter 30. The first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure is used to store electrical energy. That is, electrical energy transmitted from the power source 400 is charged in the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure via the converter 30. Surge and instantaneous overload or low load generated by the power source 400 or the load 500 are stored or supplied by the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure. When the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure is short of power or when it needs to supply power to the load 500, that is, in the energy transfer mode, the controller 40 controls the converter 30 to generate an output voltage V using the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure as a power source. 2crg and the output current I2crg By transmitting the power, the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure is allowed to charge the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure, or the load 500 uses the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure and the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure as a power supply source, and the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure is allowed to discharge the load 500 via the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure. The first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure provides the amount of electricity needed to supply to the load 500 or to compensate for power loss due to self-consumption of the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure.

[0022] The controller 40 of the energy adjustment system 100 detects, via a voltage measuring device (not shown) and a current measuring device (not shown), a first voltage value V1 and a first current value I1 of the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure, and a second voltage value V2 of the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure. Here, the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure has a second upper limit voltage value V 2max , the second lower limit voltage value V 2min , and the reference voltage value V R Set the second upper limit voltage value V 2max is preferably set to the upper limit operating voltage value of the load 500, and the second lower limit voltage value V 2min is preferably set to the lower limit operating voltage value of the load 500. A margin value may also be maintained, and the margin value may be any value equal to or greater than zero. 2max is set to a value obtained by subtracting the margin value from the upper limit operating voltage value of the load 500, and the second lower limit voltage value V 2min is set to a value obtained by adding the margin value to the lower limit operating voltage value of the load 500, but the present invention is not limited to this. R is the second upper limit voltage value V 2max and the second lower limit voltage V 2minHere, the first voltage value V1 and the first current value I1 of the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure, and the second voltage value V2 of the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure are respectively provided to the controller 40, and the controller 40 adjusts the output voltage and the output current of the converter 30 to adjust the second voltage value V2 of the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure to the reference voltage value V. R Therefore, the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure is prevented from being charged or discharged at a high current, thereby achieving the purpose of protecting the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure.

[0023] The converter 30 of the energy adjustment system 100 includes an off state, a charge control state, and a discharge control state. The off state is a state in which the converter 30 does not perform a charging or discharging operation. The charge control state is a state in which a power source 400 is connected to the converter 30 via the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure to charge the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure. The discharge control state is a state in which the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure charges the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure via the converter 30. The controller 40 controls the converter 30 to switch among the off state, the charge control state, and the discharge control state based on at least one detected electrical characteristic of the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure or the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure.

[0024] The configuration of the energy adjustment system 100 of the present invention has been described above. Next, the operation and effects of the energy adjustment system 100 of the present invention will be described in detail.

[0025] Referring to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , taking a power grid as an example, the present invention provides an energy adjustment system 100 for the power grid. Here, the first energy storage device 10 of a lithium battery structure includes any one or a combination of a lithium (iron) battery, a ternary lithium battery, etc., and the first energy storage device 10 of a lithium battery structure is configured by a series-parallel connection of n lithium batteries, where n is greater than or equal to 1. The second energy storage device 20 of a capacitor structure includes any one or a combination of a supercapacitor, a supercapacitor group, a capacitor group, etc., and the second energy storage device 20 of a capacitor structure is configured by a series-parallel connection of m supercapacitors, where m is greater than or equal to 1. The power source 400 is a power conditioning system of the power grid, a renewable energy source, a generator, etc., and the load 500 is an electrical device of the power conditioning system of the power grid or a user load. When the power grid supplies power or there is an instantaneous low load, i.e., in the storage mode, the controller 40 outputs a control signal CS corresponding to a charging control state. crg to the converter 30, and the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure is electrically connected to a power conditioning system of the power grid, and the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure is charged using the power conditioning system of the power grid as a power source; or the controller 40 controls the converter 30 to generate an output voltage V 1crg and the output current I 1crg By transmitting the power from the power grid to the converter 30, the power conditioning system of the power grid is connected to the converter 30 via the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure, and charges the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure. The first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure is used to store electrical energy. That is, the electrical energy output from the power conditioning system of the power grid is charged into the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure via the converter 30. When there is a power shortage or an instantaneous overload in the power grid, i.e., in the energy transmission mode, the controller 40 controls the converter 30 to enter a discharge control state CS discrg, and the first energy storage device 10, which is a lithium battery, is used as a power source. The controller 40 controls the converter 30 to generate an output voltage V 2crg and the output current I 2crg By transmitting the signal, the controller 40 adjusts the converter 30 to allow the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure to charge the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure, or to allow the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure to be connected to the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure via the converter 30 and discharge a power conditioning system or an electrical device of the power grid using the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure and the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure as power supply sources. The first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure provides the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure with power loss of the power grid caused by its own consumption or by supplying power to the power conditioning system or the electrical device. Accidental instantaneous voltage fluctuations of the power conditioning system of the power grid are absorbed or supplemented by the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure, stabilizing the power supply quality of the power grid.

[0026] In the first embodiment, a power grid is used as an example, and the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure is configured by electrically connecting 6 groups of 15 series-connected lithium battery units in parallel. The configuration of the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure by connecting multiple lithium battery units in series and in parallel is merely one embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. The first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure of the present invention may be any one of a lithium (iron) battery, a ternary lithium battery, etc., or a combination of these connected in series and / or parallel. In this embodiment, the capacity of the lithium battery unit is 6.0 Ahr (ampere-hours), the end-of-charge voltage is 3.6 volts, the rated voltage is 3.2 volts, and the end-of-discharge voltage is 3 volts. Therefore, the charge cut-off voltage of the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure is 3.6 volts × 15 = 54 volts, the rated voltage of the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure is 3.2 volts × 15 = 48 volts, the discharge cut-off voltage of the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure is 2.8 volts × 15 = 42 volts, and the battery capacity of the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure is 6.0 Ahr (ampere-hours) × 6 = 36 Ahr (ampere-hours). Currently, supercapacitor units can have very large capacities, from a few farads to thousands of farads, or even tens of thousands of farads, but the voltage of a single unit is relatively low. For example, the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure is a supercapacitor group formed by electrically connecting 20 supercapacitor units 450F (Farads) in series. The rated voltage value of the supercapacitor unit is 3.0V, and the rated voltage value of the supercapacitor group is 3.0V x 20 = 60V. For example, if the operating voltage range of the power conditioning system of the power grid is between 40V and 54V and the rated operating voltage is 42V, the second upper limit voltage value V of the supercapacitor group is 3.0V x 20 = 60V. 2max is set to 54 volts, and the second lower limit voltage value V 2minIn the float charge mode, the reference voltage value V of the second energy storage device 20 is set to 40 volts. R is equal to or greater than the lower limit operating voltage value of the load 500 and equal to or less than the upper limit operating voltage value of the load 500, or R is the rated operating voltage value of the load 500. In the first embodiment, the load 500 is described as having a rated operating voltage value of 42 volts of the power grid power conditioning system, which is used as the reference voltage value V of the supercapacitor group. R , that is, the float charge voltage value. The controller 40 determines whether the second voltage value V2 of the second energy storage device 20 is equal to or lower than the reference voltage value V R When detecting that the second voltage value V2 of the second energy storage device 20 is lower than the reference voltage value V, the energy transfer mode is entered and the controller 40 controls the converter 30 to R , the first energy storage device 10 is allowed to charge the second energy storage device 20 until

[0027] To further explain the specific operation method of the first embodiment, the energy regulating system 100 of the present invention not only protects the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure from being affected by switching or charge / discharge surges of the load 500 or the power source 400, but also allows for the appropriate design of the capacity of the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure. In addition, in the float charge mode, the second upper limit voltage value V of the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure can be set to 2max and the second lower limit voltage V 2min The reference voltage value V R Float charging is performed at the reference voltage V R and the second upper limit voltage value V 2max The reserve storage area between the reference voltage value V and the reference voltage value V is used as a second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure to store instantaneous charging power, thereby absorbing instantaneous inrush current or overload power transmitted from a power conditioning system of the power grid, renewable energy, or a generator. R and the second lower limit voltage V 2minThe energy stored in the reserve storage area between the power grid load and the power grid load is utilized as the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure to provide the instantaneous discharge power demand, thereby supplementing the instantaneous low-load power of the power conditioning system of the power grid. Also, most of the instantaneous overload power of the power conditioning system of the power grid is absorbed and stored by the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure, and then supplements the electrical energy to the power conditioning system of the power grid. When the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure stores recovered power from the power source 400 on the power grid, and when the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure is charged using the power conditioning system of the power grid, renewable energy, a generator, or the like as a power source, the controller 40 controls the second voltage value V2 of the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure to be equal to or higher than the reference voltage value V R and the second upper limit voltage value V 2max When it is detected that the upper and middle limit voltage between the reference voltage V R and the second upper limit voltage value V 2max The upper middle limit voltage value is obtained by adding and then dividing by two, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The system enters a power storage mode, charging the first energy storage device 10, which is a lithium battery, with the recovered power from the power source 400 on the power grid. When the controller 40 is triggered to issue a command to adjust the converter 30 and allow the recovered power from the power source 400 on the power grid to charge the first energy storage device 10, which is a lithium battery, via the second energy storage device 20, which is a capacitor, the charging current is between 0 C and 1.0 C, or any other current value within the rated maximum charging current value of the first energy storage device 10, which is a lithium battery. Here, C represents the current used when charging or discharging the battery. For example, for a battery with a rated capacity of 36 ampere-hours, 1.0 C is 36 amperes, and the first voltage value V1 of the first energy storage device 10, which is a lithium battery, is set to the first upper limit voltage value V2 as required. 1max Preferably, the first current value I1 of the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure is set to a first lower limit current value I 1min Until it reaches the first lower limit current value I1min The controller 40 determines whether the first current value I1 of the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure is equal to or lower than the first lower limit current value I 1min When the controller 40 detects that the control signal CS off , the converter 30 is switched off and does not perform charging. In this way, the first energy storage device 10 having the lithium battery structure can be prevented from being overcharged, and the first energy storage device 10 having the lithium battery structure can be prevented from being fully recovered or from reaching the first upper limit voltage value V 1max , and the second voltage value V2 of the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure reaches the second upper limit voltage value V 2max If the voltage continues to rise above 100 V, the energy conditioning system 100 may limit the current input or selectively add an energy consuming device (not shown), e.g., a resistor, to block or consume the excess energy.

[0028] The energy adjustment system 100 of the present invention further includes a sleep power saving mode. In the first embodiment, when the energy adjustment system 100 of the present invention supplies power to a power conditioning system of a power grid, the float charge / discharge current of the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure becomes less than a preset current value, for example, less than 50 mA, and the system enters the wake-up stage of the sleep power saving mode.

[0029] In the first embodiment, the energy adjustment system 100 of the present invention supplies power to a power conditioning system of a power grid, and the controller 40 determines whether the second voltage value V2 of the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure is equal to or greater than the reference voltage value V R or when the energy adjustment system 100 of the present invention enters the wake-up stage of the sleep power saving mode, the controller 40 detects that the second voltage value V2 of the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure is lower than the second lower limit voltage value V 2min or the second voltage value V2 is lower than the reference voltage value V Rand the second lower limit voltage V 2min When it is detected that the voltage between the first energy storage device 10 and the second energy storage device 20 is lower than the lower intermediate voltage value between the first energy storage device 10 and the second energy storage device 20, the controller 40 controls the converter 30 to allow the first energy storage device 10 having the lithium battery structure to charge the second energy storage device 20 having the capacitor structure. With the first energy storage device 10 having the lithium battery structure as the power source, the controller 40 controls the converter 30 to increase the output voltage V 2crg and the output current I 2crg and the second voltage value V2 of the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure is equal to the reference voltage value V R , the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure is discharged and charged at a current between 0 C and 2.0 C or at another current value within the rated maximum discharge current of the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure until the discharge current reaches 0 C. Therefore, the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure can be prevented from being discharged at a large current to protect the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure, or the energy stored in the reserve storage area of ​​the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure and the power of the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure can be jointly discharged at a current between 0 C and 2.0 C or at another current value within the rated maximum discharge current of the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure, thereby meeting the power demand of the power conditioning system of the power grid. In this way, the discharge current of the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure can be effectively managed, thereby extending the life of the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure.

[0030] Referring to the second embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , taking an electric vehicle as an example, the second embodiment of the present invention is substantially the same as the energy adjustment system 100 of the first embodiment, with the only difference being the following: the power source 400 is any one or a combination of a generator, a charging station, a commercial power source, or a power recovery system of the electric vehicle, etc., and is used to provide the amount of electricity required for the energy storage system of the electric vehicle; the load 500 is any one or a combination of an electric motor or an electric device of the electric vehicle, etc. The second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure is directly electrically connected to the generator, the charging station, the commercial power source, or the power recovery system, and the electric motor or the electric device of the electric vehicle, respectively; the converter 30 is located between the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure and the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure, and is electrically connected to the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure and the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure, respectively; and the controller 40 controls the converter 30 to transmit an output voltage and an output current.

[0031] In the second embodiment, the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure is described as a supercapacitor group, which is electrically connected to the power recovery system of the electric vehicle or the electric motor or electric device of the electric vehicle. When the power recovery system outputs electric energy, i.e., in the storage mode, the controller 40 outputs a control signal CS corresponding to the charging control state. crg to the converter 30, and the power recovery system is used as a power source. The electrical energy output from the power recovery system is connected to the converter 30 via a supercapacitor group, and then connected to the first energy storage device 10, which is a lithium battery. The controller 40 controls the converter 30 to generate an output voltage V 1crg and the output current I 1crgThe power recovery system transfers power to the supercapacitor group to charge the supercapacitor group or to the first energy storage device 10, which is a lithium battery, via the supercapacitor group. The first energy storage device 10, which is a lithium battery, is used to store electricity. That is, the electrical energy output from the power recovery system is directly absorbed and stored by the supercapacitor group, or is charged to the first energy storage device 10, which is a lithium battery, via the converter 30. When the supercapacitor group is short of power or needs to supply power to the electric motor or electric devices of the electric vehicle, i.e., in the energy transfer mode, the controller 40 adjusts the converter 30 to allow the first energy storage device 10, which is a lithium battery, to charge the supercapacitor group, or to allow the electric motor or electric devices of the electric vehicle to discharge the electric motor or electric devices of the electric vehicle via the supercapacitor group, with the first energy storage device 10, which is a lithium battery, as the power source. The first energy storage device 10, which is a lithium battery, provides the power needed for the supercapacitor group's self-consumption or for supplying the electric motor or other electrical devices in the electric vehicle. The supercapacitor group stores or supplies the electric motor's unexpected inrush current or high current load, thereby stabilizing the power supply quality of the power system.

[0032] In the second embodiment, the first energy storage device 10 of the lithium battery structure of an electric vehicle is configured by electrically connecting six groups of 15 series-connected lithium battery units in parallel. The configuration of the first energy storage device 10 of the lithium battery structure by connecting multiple lithium battery units in series and in parallel is merely one embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. The first energy storage device 10 of the lithium battery structure of the present invention may be any one of lithium (iron) batteries, ternary lithium batteries, etc., or a combination of these connected in series and / or parallel. In this embodiment, the lithium battery units have an end-of-charge voltage of 4.2 volts, a rated voltage of 3.6 volts, and an end-of-discharge voltage of 3 volts. The lithium battery capacity of each group is 4.9 ampere-hours (Ahr). "Battery capacity" is a measurement of the charge stored in a battery and is generally expressed in ampere-hours (Ahr). Therefore, the charge end voltage value of the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure is 4.2 volts × 15 = 63 volts, the rated voltage value of the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure is 3.6 volts × 15 = 54 volts, the discharge end voltage value of the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure is 2.8 volts × 15 = 42 volts, and the battery capacity of the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure is 4.9 Ahr (ampere-hours) × 6 = 29.4 Ahr (ampere-hours).

[0033] In a second embodiment, when the energy adjustment system 100 of the present invention supplies power to an electric motor or an electric device of an electric vehicle, the float charge / discharge current of the supercapacitor group is below a predetermined current value, for example, below 50 mA, and the energy adjustment system 100 enters the wake-up stage of the sleep power-saving mode.

[0034] When the energy regulation system 100 of the present invention supplies power to the electric motor or electric device of the electric vehicle, the controller 40 determines whether the second voltage value V2 of the second energy storage device 20 of the supercapacitor group is equal to the reference voltage value VR When the energy regulating system 100 of the present invention enters the wake-up stage of the sleep power saving mode, the controller 40 detects that the second voltage value V2 of the second energy storage device 20 of the supercapacitor group has dropped to the second lower limit voltage value V 2min or the second voltage value V2 is lower than the reference voltage value V R and the second lower limit voltage V 2min When the voltage is detected to be lower than the lower middle limit voltage between the reference voltage V R and the second lower limit voltage V 2min The lower intermediate voltage limit value is obtained by adding and then dividing by two, but the present invention is not limited to this. When the energy transfer mode is entered, the controller 40 puts the converter 30 into the discharge control state CS discrg , allowing the first energy storage device 10 of the lithium battery structure to be connected to the converter 30 to charge the supercapacitor group, and the controller 40 controls the converter 30 to output an output voltage V 2crg and the output current I 2crg By transmitting the reference voltage V RThe supercapacitor group is charged to a current of 0 C to 2.0 C, and the power is pre-stored in the reserve storage area of ​​the second energy storage device 20 of the supercapacitor group. The first energy storage device 10 of the lithium battery structure discharges and charges the supercapacitor group at a current between 0 C and 2.0 C or another current value within the rated maximum discharge current of the first energy storage device 10 of the lithium battery structure. Alternatively, the energy stored in the reserve storage area of ​​the supercapacitor group and the first energy storage device 10 of the lithium battery structure are jointly discharged at a current between 0 C and 2.0 C or another current value within the rated maximum discharge current of the first energy storage device 10 of the lithium battery structure, thereby meeting the power demand of the electric motor or electric devices of the electric vehicle. By discharging and float-charging the supercapacitor group at a charging current between 0.0 C and 2.0 C via the converter 30 and supplying power to the electric motor or electric devices of the electric vehicle, high-current discharge of the first energy storage device 10 of the lithium battery structure can be avoided and the life of the first energy storage device 10 of the lithium battery structure can be extended.

[0035] In the second embodiment of the energy adjustment system 100 of the present invention, for example, the operating voltage of the electric motor is 42 volts ±10 volts. The rated operating voltage of the electric motor is 42 volts, and the second upper limit voltage value V 2max is preferably set to a value obtained by subtracting a margin value from the upper limit operating voltage value of the electric motor. For example, the upper limit operating voltage value of the electric motor in this example is 52 volts, and the margin value is 1 volt, so the second upper limit voltage value V 2max The second lower limit voltage V is 52 volts - 1 volt = 51 volts. 2min is preferably set to a value obtained by adding the margin value to the lower limit operating voltage value of the electric motor. For example, the lower limit operating voltage value of the electric motor in this example is 32 volts, and the margin value is 1 volt, so the second lower limit voltage value V 2min For example, when the supercapacitor group is a second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure, the reference voltage value V of the second energy storage device 20 in the float charging mode isR is equal to or greater than the lower limit operating voltage value of the load 500 and equal to or less than the upper limit operating voltage value of the load 500, or R is the rated operating voltage value of the load 500. In the second embodiment, the load 500 is an electric motor with a rated operating voltage value of 42 volts, which is used as the reference voltage value V of the supercapacitor group. R , that is, the float charge voltage value. The controller 40 determines whether the second voltage value V2 of the second energy storage device 20 is equal to or lower than the reference voltage value V R When detecting that the second voltage value V2 of the second energy storage device 20 is lower than the reference voltage value V, the energy transfer mode is entered and the controller 40 controls the converter 30 to R , the first energy storage device 10 is allowed to charge the second energy storage device 20 until

[0036] When the power recovery system of the electric vehicle recovers power and the supercapacitor group stores the recovered power of the power recovery system, the power recovery system is used as a power source to charge the supercapacitor group, and the recovered power is stored in the reserve storage area. The voltage of the supercapacitor group continues to rise until it reaches a second upper limit voltage value V 2max In other words, when the voltage reaches 51 volts in this embodiment, it can be identified as the start point of mechanical brake intervention, and the controller 40 simultaneously turns off the power recovery function of the electric motor. After the voltage of the supercapacitor group drops, for example, to 49 volts or less, the power recovery function of the electric motor is restarted. In another embodiment, the controller 40 determines whether the second voltage value V2 of the second energy storage device 20 of the supercapacitor group is equal to or lower than the reference voltage value V R and the second upper limit voltage value V 2max When it is detected that the upper and middle limit voltage between the reference voltage V R and the second upper limit voltage value V 2maxThe upper middle limit voltage value is obtained by adding and then dividing by 2, and in this embodiment, it can be set to (42 + 51) / 2 = 46.5 volts, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The storage mode is entered, and the recovered power of the power recovery system is charged to the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure. When the controller 40 is triggered to issue a command to adjust the converter 30 and allow the recovered power of the power recovery system to charge the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure via the supercapacitor group, the charging current is between 0 C and 1.0 C or other current within the rated maximum charging current value of the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure. For example, if the converter 30 has a charging current of substantially about 0.5 C in boost charging, the first voltage value V1 of the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure can be increased to the first lower limit voltage value V2 as needed. 1min Higher first upper limit voltage value V 1max Preferably, the first current value I1 of the first energy storage device 10 of the lithium battery structure is set to the end-of-charge voltage value of the lithium battery structure, or the first current value I1 of the first energy storage device 10 of the lithium battery structure is set to the first lower limit current value I 1min Until it reaches the first lower limit current value I 1min The controller 40 determines whether the first current value I1 of the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure is equal to or lower than the first lower limit current value I 1min When the controller 40 detects that the control signal CS off By providing the converter 30 with the voltage V, the converter 30 is switched off and does not perform charging. In this way, the first energy storage device 10 having the lithium battery structure can be prevented from being overcharged, and the first energy storage device 10 having the lithium battery structure cannot recover enough energy, and the second voltage value V2 of the second energy storage device 20 of the supercapacitor group reaches the second upper limit voltage value V 2max If the temperature continues to rise to , the energy conditioning system 100 can selectively add a mechanical brake or energy consuming device (not shown), such as a resistor, to consume the excess energy that is not being recovered.

[0037] When the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure is configured as a supercapacitor group in which 20 series-connected 400F supercapacitors are connected in parallel, the supercapacitor group already has 400F / 20×(42V−33V)=180 AS (ampere-seconds) of energy temporarily stored in the reserve storage area under 42V float charging, and the energy regulating system 100 can supply 2×29.4 amperes=58.8 amperes as a current that can be output to the electric motor of the electric vehicle during instantaneous acceleration at a discharge current of 2.0C via the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure. In this way, the energy regulating system 100 can determine whether the supercapacitor group reaches the second lower limit voltage value V 2min Before the voltage drops to the operating cutoff voltage of 33 volts, a total of approximately 180 + 58.8 = 238.8 AS (ampere-seconds) of energy can be supplied from the reserve storage area and the 2.0 C discharge, which is sufficient for the electric motor to reach an acceleration demand of 4.0 C = 4 × 29.4 = 118 amperes within two seconds. This effectively reduces the instantaneous discharge current of the first energy storage device 10, which has a lithium battery structure, by at least approximately 2.0 C or more, thereby extending the life of the first energy storage device 10, which has a lithium battery structure. Even if there is an inrush current at the moment the electric motor discharges, the float charge design of the energy conditioning system 100 allows the reserve storage area to absorb the inrush current generated during the start-up or operation of the electric motor.

[0038] When the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure is configured as a supercapacitor group in which 20 series-connected 400F supercapacitors are connected in parallel, the supercapacitor group has a reference voltage value V R to the second upper limit voltage value V 2maxThe power recovery system can recover 180 ampere-seconds (A / s) x (51 + 42) / 2 volts, which means that the recovered energy stored in the reserve storage area is 400F / 20 x (51 volts - 42 volts) = 180 AS (ampere-seconds). Therefore, the recoverable power is approximately 180 A / s x (51 + 42) / 2 volts = 0.0023 kilowatts. A kilowatt-hour corresponds to one degree of electricity. For example, if a vehicle travels 40 km and brakes 50 times, and 0.0023 degrees of electricity can be recovered with each brake, the recovered power of the power recovery system can be recovered by approximately 0.1 degrees, resulting in a power recovery rate of over 6%.

[0039] In the energy regulating system 100 of the present invention, when the float charge / discharge current of the supercapacitor group is below 50 milliamps or other current value, the energy regulating system 100 enters a sleep power saving mode, and the wake-up phase of the sleep power saving mode is activated every 10 milliseconds or other time period. When the second voltage value V2 of the second energy storage device 20 of the supercapacitor group is below the reference voltage value V R and the second lower limit voltage V 2min If the voltage is lower than the lower middle limit voltage between the reference voltage V R and the second lower limit voltage V 2min and then dividing by two to obtain the lower middle voltage limit, or the second lower voltage limit V 2min is set as the lower middle limit voltage value, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, when the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure is configured as a supercapacitor group having 20 supercapacitors connected in series and each having a rated voltage value of 2.7 volts, the lower middle limit voltage value can be set as (42 volts + 33 volts) / 2 = 37.5 volts, or the second lower limit voltage value V 2min When the voltage is set to 33 volts, the energy conditioning system 100 is activated to perform a float charge operation.

[0040] In the second embodiment, the energy adjustment system 100 of the present invention adjusts the reference voltage value V of the supercapacitor group in the float charging mode. R and the second upper limit voltage value V 2maxThe storage space of the reserve storage area between the supercapacitor group and the reference voltage value V of the supercapacitor group is used to store the instantaneous charging power, thereby storing the instantaneous power transmitted from the power recovery system. R and the second lower limit voltage V 2min The energy stored in the reserve storage area between the start and end of the battery life is used to provide the power required for instantaneous discharge by the supercapacitor group, thereby replenishing the instantaneous load power of the electric motor or electric devices of the electric vehicle. The first energy storage device 10, which is a lithium battery, is used to store and provide power, and the supercapacitor group acts as an inrush current absorption device to protect the first energy storage device 10, which is a lithium battery, during starting, braking, and power recovery of the electric vehicle. Therefore, the energy conditioning system 100 of the present invention has functions such as providing instantaneous inrush current when the electric motor starts, storing the recovery charging current of the power recovery system, and reducing the instantaneous acceleration power supply current of the first energy storage device 10, which is a lithium battery, by approximately 2.0 C or more.

[0041] The energy regulating system 100 disclosed in the present invention is used to store, balance, and transfer power between a first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure and a power source 400 or a load 500. The energy regulating system 100 has a built-in controller 40 and a charge / discharge mechanism of a converter 30. Therefore, the energy regulating system 100 of the present invention has functions such as absorbing inrush current during startup of the power source 400 or the load 500, storing the inrush current or charging current of the power source 400, and effectively reducing the instantaneous discharge current of the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure by about 2.0 C or more in the instantaneous high-current auxiliary power supply of the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure, thereby avoiding high-current charging or discharging of the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure and achieving the purpose of protecting the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure.

[0042] The applications of the energy conditioning system 100 disclosed in the present invention are not limited to electric motorcycles, electric vehicles, and power grid power conditioning systems. The energy conditioning system 100 itself can be combined with a first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure to form an independent battery device, thereby protecting the first energy storage device 10 having a lithium battery structure and extending its service life. At the same time, the energy conditioning system 100 can meet the requirements of power storage, voltage stabilization, and large current. Here, the second energy storage device 20 having a capacitor structure stabilizes the voltage, making the power source 400 or the load 500 more efficient and stable.

[0043] Finally, it should be emphasized that the components disclosed in the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and any replacement or modification with other equivalent components is also intended to fall within the scope of the protection claims of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0044] 10 First energy storage device 20 Second energy storage device 30 Converter 40 Controller 100 Energy Regulation System 400 power supply 500 load

Claims

1. electrically connected to a power source, a load, and a first energy storage device of lithium battery construction; a second energy storage device having a capacitor structure and electrically connected to the power source or the load, wherein in a storage mode, the second energy storage device is charged by the power source or the first energy storage device is charged via the second energy storage device, and in an energy transfer mode, the second energy storage device is charged by the first energy storage device or the second energy storage device is discharged to the load via the second energy storage device; at least one converter electrically connected between the first energy storage device and the second energy storage device, the converter transmitting an output voltage and an output current in the storage mode or the energy transfer mode; a controller for detecting a first voltage value, a first current value, or a second voltage value of the first energy storage device; the second energy storage device respectively sets a second upper limit voltage value, a second lower limit voltage value, and a reference voltage value, the reference voltage value is between the second upper limit voltage value and the second lower limit voltage value, and when the second voltage value of the second energy storage device is smaller than the reference voltage value, the second energy storage device is charged to the reference voltage value using the first energy storage device as a power source, and the controller controls the converter to deliver the output voltage and the output current, thereby avoiding large current charging or discharging of the first energy storage device and achieving the purpose of protecting the first energy storage device.

2. The energy conditioning system of claim 1 , wherein the load is a power conditioning system, an electric motor, or an electric device.

3. The energy conditioning system of claim 1 , wherein the power source is a power conditioning system, a generator, or a power recovery system.

4. The energy regulating system of claim 1 , wherein the reference voltage value is a rated operating voltage value of the load.

5. The energy regulating system according to claim 1 , wherein the reference voltage value is equal to or greater than a lower limit operating voltage value of the load and equal to or less than an upper limit operating voltage value of the load.

6. 2. The energy adjustment system of claim 1, wherein the second upper limit voltage value is a value obtained by subtracting a margin value from an upper limit operating voltage value of the load, and the second lower limit voltage value is a value obtained by adding the margin value to the lower limit operating voltage value of the load, and the margin value is any numerical value equal to or greater than zero.

7. 2. The energy conditioning system of claim 1, wherein when the power source charges the second energy storage device, the controller adjusts the converter to allow the power source to charge the first energy storage device via the second energy storage device when the controller detects that the second voltage value of the second energy storage device exceeds an upper intermediate voltage limit between the reference voltage value and the second upper voltage limit.

8. The energy adjustment system of claim 7 , wherein the upper intermediate voltage limit is obtained by adding the reference voltage value and the second upper voltage limit and then dividing the sum by two.

9. 2. The energy adjustment system of claim 1, wherein when the power source charges the first energy storage device via the second energy storage device, a charging current is between 0 C and 1.0 C until the first current value of the first energy storage device reaches a first lower limit current value.

10. 2. The energy adjustment system of claim 1, wherein the second energy storage device includes a reserve storage area that provides power storage demand for momentary overload of the load and a reserve storage area that provides power supply demand for momentary low load of the load, thereby avoiding high current charging or discharging of the first energy storage device and extending the life of the first energy storage device.

11. 2. The energy adjustment system of claim 1, wherein, during a wake-up phase of the power saving mode, the controller detects that the second voltage value of the second energy storage device is lower than the second lower limit voltage value or lower than a lower middle limit voltage value between the reference voltage value and the second lower limit voltage value, and enters the energy transfer mode, in which the controller controls the converter to allow the first energy storage device to charge the second energy storage device.

12. The energy regulation system of claim 11 , wherein the lower intermediate voltage limit is obtained by adding the reference voltage value and the second lower voltage limit and then dividing the sum by two.

13. 2. The energy adjustment system of claim 1, wherein the first energy storage device charges the second energy storage device at a charging current between 0 C and 2.0 C until the second voltage value of the second energy storage device reaches the reference voltage value.

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