Welding method and welded joint

Abstract

To provide a welding method capable of simply and surely tempering a hardened part in a base material, and a welded joint part.SOLUTION: The welding method of the present disclosure is a temper bead construction method in which a temper bead 20 is welded on an outermost layer 10 in a welded joint 1, and a hardened part 120 on a base material 100 side generated by a final bead of the outermost layer 10 is tempered by welding heat of the temper bead 20. The method includes an outermost layer forming step of forming an outermost layer 10 having a plurality of beads by a plurality of passes, and a temper bead forming step of welding a temper bead 20 on a final bead formed by a final pass among the plurality of passes, and in the temper bead forming step, the temper bead 20 is formed at a position overlapping a center line of the final bead and not contacting a base material 100.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a welding method and a welded joint. [Background technology]

[0002] It has been known that the heat-affected zone (hereinafter also referred to as HAZ) of the final bead of a welded joint becomes hard. To address this issue, a temper bead method is known in which a temper bead is welded and the hardened part on the base metal side that occurs in the final bead is tempered by the welding heat of the temper bead.

[0003] For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a temper bead welding method characterized by welding beads at both toes of a final finishing layer of a welded joint with a heat input of 0.7 kJ / mm to 3 kJ / mm, and then overlap welding the next layer bead and the final bead at locations shifted 1 to 5 mm from the beads with a heat input of 3 kJ / mm to 6 kJ / mm. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 57-134277 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] However, the temper bead welding method described in Patent Document 1 requires different heat inputs between both toes and other beads, which necessitates heat input management and makes the work complicated.

[0006] The present disclosure has been made in consideration of such problems, and aims to provide a welding method and a welded joint that can easily and reliably temper hardened portions in a base material. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] A welding method according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a temper bead method in which a temper bead is welded onto an outermost layer of a welded joint and a hardened portion on the base metal side formed in a final bead of the outermost layer is tempered by welding heat from the temper bead, the method comprising: an outermost layer forming step in which the outermost layer having a plurality of beads is formed by a plurality of passes; and a temper bead forming step in which the temper bead is welded onto the final bead formed by a final pass among the plurality of passes, wherein the temper bead is formed in the temper bead forming step at a position that overlaps the center line of the final bead but does not contact the base metal. A welded joint according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises an outermost layer on which a plurality of beads are formed, and a temper bead formed on a final bead of the plurality of beads, the temper bead being formed in a position that overlaps the center line of the final bead and does not contact the base metal. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] The present disclosure can provide a welding method and a welded joint that can easily and reliably temper a hardened portion in a base material. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1] 1A and 1B are plan views of a welded joint at the end of a temper bead forming process in the case of build-up welding and laminate welding, respectively. [Figure 2] Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a welded joint in the case of buildup welding. (a) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in Figure 1(a) in the case of buildup welding. (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in Figure 1(b) in the case of buildup welding. [Figure 3] 1A and 1B are cross-sectional views of a welded joint when the outermost layer is made up of a first bead and a second bead in build-up welding, respectively. (a) A cross-sectional view of a welded joint at the end of an outermost layer forming step. (b) A cross-sectional view of a welded joint at the end of a temper bead forming step. [Figure 4] 1A and 1B are cross-sectional views of a welded joint in the case of laminate welding, respectively, at the end of a surface layer forming step and at the end of a temper bead forming step. [Figure 5] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a cross section of a welded joint when the surface of the welded joint portion that has been laminate-welded is ground. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is a plan view of a test specimen to be subjected to a hardness test. [Figure 7] This is the measurement surface of the test piece on which the hardness test is performed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0010] The temper bead method is known to be applied as a repair welding technique for cracks and other defects in steel structures such as nuclear reactor pressure vessels, oil and gas pipelines, and offshore structures. A common method for repairing cracks and other defects involves scraping off the surface layer of the base metal of the area to be repaired using a device such as a grinder, mechanically removing the defective area, and then overlaying the surface with new weld metal using a welding machine or the like.

[0011] The temper bead method involves welding a temper bead onto the final finish layer (topmost layer) of a welded joint, and tempering the hardened portion of the base metal that occurs in the final bead of the topmost layer with the welding heat of the temper bead. The inventors noticed that, although the increase in hardness of the first bead (first pass) of both toes of the topmost layer is small, when the carbon equivalent of the base metal is high, the final bead (pass) alone can have a hardened portion with a hardness exceeding 400 HV, and they investigated the welding conditions. As a result, the inventors discovered that by placing a temper bead directly above the final bead, the hardened portion of the base metal can be tempered regardless of the welding conditions.

[0012] Hereinafter, an embodiment of a welding method and a welded joint 1 according to the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0013] (Welding method) The welding method of this embodiment includes an outermost layer forming step and a temper bead forming step.

[0014] <Outermost layer formation process> In the outermost layer forming step, as shown in Figures 1(a) and 2(a), an outermost layer 10 having multiple beads is formed by multiple passes. In the outermost layer forming step of this embodiment, the outermost layer 10 having a first bead 11, a second bead 12, a third bead 13, a fourth bead 14, and a fifth bead 15 (final bead) is formed by a first pass, a second pass, a third pass, a fourth pass, and a fifth pass (final pass). Note that the number of passes in the outermost layer forming step may be multiple, and the specific number is not limited to the above. Note that the outermost layer 10 refers to the layer formed on the outermost surface by welding excluding the temper bead 20.

[0015] The layer formed by welding, excluding the temper bead 20, may be one layer or multiple layers. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, when the layer formed by welding is one layer, the one layer is referred to as the outermost layer 10 . In the case of groove welding, etc., laminate welding may be applied. As shown in Fig. 4, when multiple layers are formed by welding, the layer formed on the outermost surface side is the outermost layer 10. In the case of laminate welding, a lower layer forming step may be performed before the outermost layer forming step, and lower layers 40 (first layer 41 to sixth layer 46 in the illustrated example) excluding the outermost layer 10 may be formed.

[0016] The term "final pass" refers to the last pass among multiple passes in the outermost layer forming process. The term "final bead" refers to the bead formed by the final pass. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, if the outermost layer forming process has two passes, the second pass is the final pass, and the second bead 12 is the final bead. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, if the outermost layer forming process has six passes, the sixth pass is the final pass, and the sixth bead 16 is the final bead. The following describes a case where the outermost layer 10 is formed in five passes, but is not limited to this.

[0017] <Temper bead forming process> 1(b) and 2(b), in the temper bead forming step, a temper bead 20 is welded onto the final bead formed by the final pass among the multiple passes in the outermost layer forming step. That is, in this embodiment, the temper bead 20 is welded onto the fifth bead 15. At this time, as shown in Fig. 1(b), the temper bead 20 is formed at a position that overlaps the center line of the final bead and does not contact the base material 100. Note that, as shown in Fig. 2(b), it is preferable that the temper bead 20 is provided directly above the fifth bead 15 (final bead).

[0018] Next, with reference to FIG. 2, the thermal influence on the base material 100 in the above welding method will be described.

[0019] First, an outermost layer 10 is formed on a base material 100 by an outermost layer forming step. As shown in FIG. 2(a), when the first bead 11 to the fifth bead 15 are formed as the outermost layer 10, a welding heat affected zone 110 is formed in the base material 100 by heat input to the base material 100 in each pass. At this time, the weld heat affected zone 110 formed by the first to fourth passes is tempered by the heat input by the second to fifth passes. Specifically, the weld heat affected zone 110 formed by the first pass is tempered by the heat input by the second pass, the weld heat affected zone 110 formed by the second pass is tempered by the heat input by the third pass, the weld heat affected zone 110 formed by the third pass is tempered by the heat input by the fourth pass, and the weld heat affected zone 110 formed by the fourth pass is tempered by the heat input by the fifth pass (final pass). In this way, the weld heat affected zone 110 formed by the first to fourth passes will be tempered by the next pass, and will therefore not have a hardened portion when the outermost layer forming process is completed. On the other hand, the hardened portion 120 of the weld heat affected zone 110 formed by the fifth pass will not be tempered by the next pass, as the fifth pass is the final pass. Therefore, at the time when the outermost layer forming process is completed, a hardened portion 120 remains at the contact portion between the fifth bead 15 (final bead) and the base material 100. The hardened portion 120 refers to the portion of the welding heat affected zone 110 formed by the final bead (fifth bead 15) that is close to the final bead (fifth bead 15) and has been hardened by heat input.

[0020] Next, as shown in FIG. 2( b), a temper bead forming process is performed to form a temper bead 20 at a position that overlaps the center line of the final bead but does not contact the base metal 100. Here, the center line refers to a line extending in the longitudinal direction through which the path passes. When the temper bead 20 is formed in this manner, the temper bead 20 forms a weld heat-affected zone 130. By forming the weld heat-affected zone 130 by the temper bead 20, the hardened zone 120 at the contact portion between the final bead and the base metal 100 is tempered by the temper bead 20. In this way, the hardened zone 120 at the contact portion between the final bead and the base metal 100 can be tempered by the temper bead 20. The width of the temper bead 20 may be equal to or smaller than the width of the fifth bead 15 (final bead).

[0021] 4, when multiple layers are formed by welding, the hardened portions of the beads of each layer (first layer 41 to sixth layer 46 in the illustrated example) constituting lower layer 40 are tempered by the beads of the layer immediately above. Specifically, the hardened portions of the beads of first layer 41 are tempered by the beads of second layer 42, the hardened portions of the beads of second layer 42 are tempered by the beads of third layer 43, the hardened portions of the beads of third layer 43 are tempered by the beads of fourth layer 44, the hardened portions of the beads of fourth layer 44 are tempered by the beads of fifth layer 45, the hardened portions of the beads of fifth layer 45 are tempered by the beads of sixth layer 46, and the beads of sixth layer 46 are tempered by the beads of outermost layer 10 (seventh layer). Therefore, as shown in Figure 4, even if multiple layers are formed by welding, at the end of the outermost layer formation process, the hardened portion 120 remains only at the contact point between the final bead and the base material 100. Therefore, even if multiple layers are formed by welding, by performing the temper bead forming process after the outermost layer forming process, as described above, the hardened portion 120 at the contact point between the final bead and the base material 100 can be tempered by the temper bead 20.

[0022] In the welding method of this embodiment, the first to fifth passes that form the outermost layer 10 and the temper bead welding are performed under the same welding conditions. According to the welding method of the present disclosure, it is possible to temper the hardened portion 120 even when the first to fifth passes that form the outermost layer 10 and the temper bead welding are performed under the same welding conditions. Therefore, from the viewpoint of work efficiency, it is preferable that the first to fifth passes that form the outermost layer 10 and the temper bead welding are performed under the same welding conditions. However, the first to fifth passes that form the outermost layer 10 and the temper bead welding may be performed under different welding conditions.

[0023] In the temper bead forming process, it is preferable to weld the temper bead 20 in one pass from the viewpoint of uniformly inputting heat to the hardened portion 120 in the final bead. As shown in Fig. 1(b), in the temper bead forming process, it is preferable to form the temper bead 20 to have the same length as the final bead from the viewpoint of tempering all of the hardened portion 120 formed by the final bead.

[0024] As described above, the welding heat-affected zone 130 of the temper bead 20 overlaps the hardened zone 120 in the final bead, thereby tempering the hardened zone 120 in the final bead. From the viewpoint of reliably tempering the hardened zone 120 in the final bead by the temper bead 20, it is preferable to form the temper bead so that the distance d shown in FIG. 6 is 3 mm or less in the temper bead formation process. Here, distance d refers to the distance in the bead width direction from the boundary between the final bead and the base material 100 to the end of the temper bead 20 in the width direction that is closest to the boundary. If distance d is 3 mm or less, the welding heat-affected zone 130 of the temper bead 20 can be reliably overlapped with the hardened zone 120 in the final bead, and the hardened zone 120 can be tempered.

[0025] The base material 100 may be any material that can be used for welding, and there are no restrictions on its chemical composition.

[0026] The welding conditions are not particularly limited as long as they are conditions that are applied to normal welding. The welding method is not limited, but may be shielded metal arc welding, MIG welding, or MAG welding.

[0027] (welded joint 1) As shown in FIG. 1(b), the welded joint 1 of this embodiment has an outermost layer 10 formed on a base material 100 and having multiple beads formed thereon, and a temper bead 20 formed on the final bead of the multiple beads. Furthermore, the temper bead 20 is formed at a position that overlaps the center line of the final bead but does not contact the base material 100. The temper bead 20 is preferably formed directly above the final bead. Here, "directly above" refers to the position where the center line of the temper bead 20 and the center line of the final bead overlap when the welded joint 1 is viewed from above. Furthermore, it is preferable that the distance d in the bead width direction from the boundary between the final bead and the base material 100 shown in FIG. 6 to the end of the temper bead 20 in the width direction that is closest to the boundary is 3 mm or less.

[0028] The welded joint portion 1 of this embodiment has an outermost layer 10 having a first bead 11, a second bead 12, a third bead 13, a fourth bead 14, and a fifth bead 15 (final bead), and a temper bead 20 formed on the fifth bead 15 (final bead). The number of beads that the outermost layer 10 of the welded joint 1 has may be plural, and the specific number is not limited to the above.

[0029] As described above, from the viewpoint of tempering the hardened portion 120 in the final bead by the heat input of the temper bead 20, it is preferable that the temper bead 20 be formed to have the same length as the final bead, as shown in FIG. 1(b).

[0030] The layer formed by welding, excluding the temper bead 20, may be one layer or multiple layers. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, when the layer formed by welding is one layer, the one layer is referred to as the outermost layer 10 . In the case of groove welding, etc., laminate welding may be applied. As shown in Fig. 4, when multiple layers are formed by welding, the layer formed on the outermost surface side is the outermost layer 10. In the case of laminate welding, lower layers 40 (first layer 41 to sixth layer 46 in the illustrated example) are formed below the outermost layer 10. Note that the number of lower layers 40 is not limited to the above.

[0031] Note that the welded joint 1 may be ground so as to be flush with the surface of the base metal, as shown in Fig. 5. Even when ground in this manner, the overlapping position of the final bead and the temper bead 20 can be confirmed by, for example, observing a cross section in the thickness direction of the base metal 100 including the welded joint 1. Alternatively, for example, the surface of the ground welded joint 1 may be etched, and the treated surface may be observed to confirm the overlapping position of the final bead and the temper bead 20. [Example]

[0032] According to the method of the above-described embodiment, welding of steel materials (base materials 100) was carried out. The types of steel materials used are as follows: Steel type ASTM A537 CL1 (low carbon steel, carbon equivalent 0.43%) Dimensions: Length approx. 200 mm x Width approx. 150 mm x Plate thickness (nominal) 25.4 mm

[0033] The above steel materials were used and welding was performed in a flat position using the shielded metal arc welding method. The welding heat input was 18 kJ / cm or less (actual heat input 10.5 kJ / cm or less). The welding material used was E4916 welding rod type specified in JIS Z 3211, with a rod diameter of 3.2 mm for the temper bead 20 and a rod diameter of 4.0 mm for the bead on the outermost layer 10.

[0034] The distance d was set as shown in Table 1, and temper bead 20 welding was performed under the conditions in Tables 2 to 4 to produce specimens TB-1, TB-2, and TB-3. The welding conditions for specimen TB-1 are shown in Table 2, those for specimen TB-2 in Table 3, and those for specimen TB-3 in Table 4. As shown in Figure 6, for the hardness measurements described below, the welding length of the bead on the outermost layer 10 was approximately 125 mm, and the welding length of the temper bead 20 was 70 to 80 mm.

[0035] [Table 1]

[0036] [Table 2]

[0037] [Table 3]

[0038] [Table 4]

[0039] The hardness of the test specimens prepared as described above was measured. The hardness was measured by a Vickers hardness test (JIS Z 2244:2009) with a test force of 98.07 N.

[0040] Two test pieces were taken from each of the three test bodies (TB-1 to TB-3) under the following conditions: As shown in Fig. 6, the test piece dimensions were a bead width direction length L1 of approximately 80 mm and a bead longitudinal direction length L2 of approximately 30 mm, and the test pieces were taken from two locations that included the following measurement surfaces. Test piece (A) 100A: Measurement surface M1 at the center position in the longitudinal direction of the welded joint Test piece (B) 100B: Measurement surface M2 at a distance L3 of approximately 20 mm from the bead end E (center of the crater) to the center of the longitudinal direction of the welded joint The test piece (A) 100A thus obtained includes the temper bead 20, while the test piece (B) 100B does not include the temper bead 20.

[0041] FIG. 7 shows the measurement surface M1 of the test piece (A) 100A. As shown in Figure 7, the hardness measurement position M3 was set at a position approximately parallel to the plate surface, based on the bottom end (bond portion) of the fifth bead 15 (final bead) of the fifth pass (final pass), after confirming the penetration with a cross-sectional macro. The measurement intervals were as follows: The range R1 from the end 101 on the first bead 11 side of the test piece to the bottom end of the second bead 12, and the range R3 from the end 102 on the final bead side of the test piece to the bottom end of the fourth bead 14: 0.5 mm pitch Range from the bottom of the second bead 12 to the bottom of the fourth bead 14 R2: 0.1 mm pitch

[0042] The hardness of the measurement surface M2 of the test piece (B) 100B is measured in the same manner as the measurement surface M1 of the test piece (A) 100A, and therefore a description thereof will be omitted here.

[0043] The hardness measurement results measured as described above are shown in Table 5. The measurement results for test piece (A) were compared as "with temper bead" and the measurement results for test piece (B) as "without temper bead." Note that the HAZ hardness in Table 5 represents the maximum HAZ hardness. The maximum HAZ hardness represents the highest value among the HAZ hardness values ​​measured for the test piece. The reduction in maximum HAZ hardness (hardness reduction range) represents the value obtained by subtracting the maximum HAZ hardness with a temper bead from the maximum HAZ hardness without a temper bead.

[0044] [Table 5]

[0045] In this test, the welding conditions were bead-on-plate, and the welding heat input was kept low at 10.5 kJ / cm or less (standard 18 kJ / cm). As a result, as shown in Table 5, when there was no temper bead, the maximum hardness of the HAZ of the final bead (final pass) was a high value exceeding 400 HV. In contrast, when there was a temper bead, it was confirmed that the reduction in maximum HAZ hardness (hardness reduction range) was approximately 40 to 125 HV.

[0046] In addition, the extent of hardness reduction for each overlap position of the temper bead 20 was as follows: TB-3, in which the distance d was set to 1 mm and a temper bead 20 was placed immediately above the final bead, experienced a significant reduction in hardness due to the temper bead 20. The reduction in hardness in TB-3 was 127 HV, and the maximum hardness with the temper bead 20 was 300 HV or less. TB-2, in which the distance d was set to 2 mm and a temper bead 20 was placed at a position overlapping the center line of the final bead, had a decrease in hardness due to the temper bead 20, with the hardness decrease being 41 HV, and the maximum hardness with the temper bead 20 being 365 HV. In TB-3, where the distance d was set to 3 mm and a temper bead 20 was placed at a position overlapping the center line of the final bead, the hardness was reduced by the temper bead 20, with the hardness reduction amounting to 46 HV, and the maximum hardness with the temper bead 20 being 359 HV or less.

[0047] A comparison of the measurement results shown in Table 5 reveals that, according to the welding method of the present disclosure, the HAZ hardness is sufficiently reduced by tempering the hardened portion 120 in the base material 100, and therefore the tempering effect is fully exerted.

[0048] As described above, the welding method disclosed herein is a temper bead method in which a temper bead 20 is welded onto the outermost layer 10 of a welded joint 1, and the hardened portion 120 on the base material 100 side formed in the final bead of the outermost layer 10 is tempered by the welding heat of the temper bead 20. The method includes an outermost layer forming process in which the outermost layer 10 having multiple beads is formed by multiple passes, and a temper bead forming process in which the temper bead 20 is welded onto the final bead formed by the final pass of the multiple passes. In the temper bead forming process, the temper bead 20 is formed in a position that overlaps the center line of the final bead but does not contact the base material 100. When the temper bead 20 is formed, the temper bead 20 forms a weld heat-affected zone 130 in the base material 100. By forming the weld heat-affected zone 130 by the temper bead 20, the hardened portion 120 at the contact portion between the final bead and the base material 100 is tempered by the temper bead 20. With the above configuration, in the temper bead forming process, the temper bead 20 can be formed in a position that overlaps the center line of the final bead but does not contact the base material 100. By forming the temper bead 20 in a position that overlaps the center line of the final bead but does not contact the base material 100, the weld heat-affected zone 130 of the temper bead 20 can be reliably overlapped with the hardened portion 120 in the final bead, and the hardened portion 120 can be tempered. Therefore, a welding method can be achieved that allows the hardened portion 120 in the base material 100 to be tempered simply and reliably.

[0049] In the temper bead forming step, the temper bead 20 may be formed in one pass. With this configuration, the temper bead 20 can uniformly input heat to the hardened portion 120 in the final bead. Therefore, this welding method can easily and reliably temper the hardened portion 120 in the base material 100.

[0050] In addition, in the temper bead forming process, the temper bead 20 may be formed so that the distance in the bead width direction from the boundary between the final bead and the base material 100 to the end of the temper bead 20 in the width direction that is closest to the boundary is 3 mm or less. The welding heat affected zone 130 of the temper bead 20 overlaps the hardened zone 120 in the final bead, thereby tempering the hardened zone 120 in the final bead. If the distance d is 3 mm or less, the welding heat affected zone 130 of the temper bead 20 can be reliably overlapped with the hardened zone 120 in the final bead, and the hardened zone 120 can be reliably tempered.

[0051] The welded joint 1 of the present disclosure comprises an outermost layer 10 on which a plurality of beads are formed, and a temper bead 20 formed on the final bead of the plurality of beads, the temper bead 20 being formed in a position that overlaps the center line of the final bead and does not contact the base material 100. With this configuration, the temper bead 20 can be formed in a position that overlaps the center line of the final bead but does not contact the base material 100. By forming the temper bead 20 in a position that overlaps the center line of the final bead but does not contact the base material 100, the weld heat-affected zone 130 of the temper bead 20 can be reliably overlapped with the hardened zone 120 in the final bead, and the hardened zone 120 can be tempered. Therefore, a welded joint 1 can be obtained in which the hardened zone 120 in the base material 100 can be tempered simply and reliably.

[0052] Furthermore, the distance in the bead width direction from the boundary between the final bead and the base material 100 to the end of the temper bead 20 in the width direction that is closest to the boundary may be 3 mm or less. The welding heat affected zone 130 of the temper bead 20 overlaps the hardened zone 120 in the final bead, thereby tempering the hardened zone 120 in the final bead. If the distance d is 3 mm or less, the welding heat affected zone 130 of the temper bead 20 can be reliably overlapped with the hardened zone 120 in the final bead, resulting in a welded joint 1 in which the hardened zone 120 is reliably tempered.

[0053] Although one embodiment of the present disclosure has been described in detail above with reference to the drawings, the specific configuration is not limited to this embodiment, and configuration changes, combinations, deletions, etc. are also included within the scope that does not deviate from the gist of the present disclosure.

[0054] For example, the temper bead 20 does not have to be formed in one pass. For example, the distance in the bead width direction from the boundary between the final bead and the base material 100 to the end of the temper bead 20 in the width direction that is closest to the boundary may be greater than 3 mm. [Explanation of symbols]

[0055] 1 Welded joint 10 Top layer 15 5th bead (final bead) 16 6th bead (final bead) 20 Temper Bead 40 Lower layer 41 1st layer 42 2nd layer 43 3rd layer 44 4th layer 45 5th layer 46 Layer 6 100 Base material 120 Hardened section

Claims

1. A temper bead method in which a temper bead is welded onto the outermost layer of a welded joint, and a hardened portion on the base metal side formed by the final bead of the outermost layer is tempered by the welding heat of the temper bead, a top surface layer forming step of forming the top surface layer having a plurality of beads by a plurality of passes; a temper bead forming step of welding the temper bead onto the final bead formed by a final pass among the plurality of passes; Equipped with In the temper bead forming step, the temper bead is formed at a position that overlaps the center line of the final bead and does not contact the base metal. A welding method characterized by:

2. In the temper bead forming step, the temper bead is formed in one pass.

2. The welding method according to claim 1.

3. In the temper bead forming step, the temper bead is formed so that the distance in the bead width direction from the boundary between the final bead and the base material to the end of the temper bead in the width direction that is closest to the boundary is 3 mm or less.

2. The welding method according to claim 1.

4. a top layer on which a plurality of beads are formed; a temper bead formed on the final bead of the plurality of beads; Equipped with the temper bead is formed at a position that overlaps the center line of the final bead and does not contact the base metal; A welded joint characterized by:

5. a distance in the bead width direction from a boundary between the final bead and the base material to an end of the temper bead in the width direction that is closest to the boundary is 3 mm or less; 5. The welded joint according to claim 4.

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