Photovoltaic system

Abstract

To suppress a secondary disaster caused by submergence of a photovoltaic module.SOLUTION: When the photovoltaic module 10 is submerged in water, it emits a signal for announcing its presence. Accordingly, the submerged photovoltaic module 10 can be easily found and identified, and a secondary disaster due to a risk of electric shock can be suppressed.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to techniques for improving the safety of photovoltaic systems. [Background technology]

[0002] There is a photovoltaic system (hereinafter referred to as "PV system") that has a photovoltaic module (hereinafter simply referred to as "module") and a photovoltaic inverter (hereinafter simply referred to as "inverter"). The module is installed in a location exposed to sunlight, such as the roof of a house. The module receives sunlight and generates electricity. The inverter converts the DC power generated by the module into AC power. In most cases, the inverter is installed at a lower position than the module.

[0003] PV systems are said to be highly safe because they do not use heat. However, if a PV system is submerged, there is a risk of electrical leakage and electric shock, because the PV system will continue to generate electricity as long as the modules are exposed to sunlight.

[0004] Therefore, a PV system has been proposed that cuts off power from the module to the inverter when submersion occurs (Patent Document 1). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-216660 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] The PV system of Patent Document 1 can reduce the risk of electric shock at the power input section of the inverter. However, because modules continue to generate electricity as long as they are exposed to sunlight, there is a risk of electric shock due to the module's output current. For this reason, for example, modules that are drifting or have been washed ashore or abandoned pose a risk of electric shock, regardless of whether they are disconnected from the inverter.

[0007] Therefore, while PV systems are highly safe under normal circumstances, there is a risk of electric shock if the modules are submerged, which could cause secondary damage. In other words, if a house with modules installed is submerged by a tsunami or river overflow, there is a risk of electric shock even during the daytime on clear days. Furthermore, in houses where modules may be installed or in places where modules may have washed ashore, work must be carried out with caution even if the presence of modules has not been confirmed. This could delay evacuation, rescue, recovery work, etc.

[0008] The present invention prevents secondary damage caused by the module being submerged in water. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] In one embodiment, the module emits a signal to announce its presence when submerged. [Effects of the Invention]

[0010] According to one embodiment, the module can facilitate the detection of a submerged module, thereby preventing secondary disasters. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0011] [Figure 1] 1 is a conceptual diagram of a PV system according to a first embodiment. [Figure 2] 1 is a conceptual diagram of a submersion alarm device according to a first embodiment. [Figure 3] 1A and 1B are conceptual diagrams of the detection unit of the first embodiment, in which (a) shows the state when not submerged in water and (b) shows the state when submerged in water. [Figure 4] FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram of a PV system according to a second embodiment. [Figure 5] FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram of a submersion alarm device according to a second embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram of a PV system according to a third embodiment. [Figure 7] FIG. 10 is a first conceptual diagram of an intermediary device according to a third embodiment. [Figure 8] 10A and 10B are conceptual diagrams of a detection unit according to a third embodiment, in which (a) shows a state when not submerged in water, and (b) shows a state when submerged in water. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a second conceptual diagram of the intermediary device of the third embodiment. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram of a PV system according to a fourth embodiment. [Figure 11] FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram of a PV system according to a fifth embodiment. [Figure 12] FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram of a PV system according to a sixth embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0012] An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0013] [First embodiment] [composition] As shown in FIG. 1, the PV system 1 of the first embodiment includes a module 10, a junction box 20, and an inverter 30. The module 10 includes a plurality of photovoltaic cells (hereinafter referred to as "PV cells") 10c, a cover glass 10g that covers the light-receiving surfaces of the PV cells 10c, a backsheet (not shown) that covers the rear surfaces of the PV cells 10c, and a frame 10f that holds these in place. The cover glass 10g is a transparent, plate-like protective member that covers the light-receiving surfaces of the PV cells 10c of the module 10. The cover glass 10g does not necessarily have to be glass in the literal sense, but may also be a plate-like protective member (for example, a resin plate) that has light transmittance equivalent to that of glass.

[0014] The module 10 has a pair of output terminals 11. The junction box 20 has a pair of input terminals 21 and a pair of output terminals 22. The inverter 30 has a pair of input terminals 31 and a pair of output terminals 32. The output terminals 11 of the module 10 are connected to the input terminals 21 of the junction box 20 via a cable 80. The output terminals 22 of the junction box 20 are connected to the input terminals 31 of the inverter 30 via a cable 80. The pair of output terminals 32 of the inverter 30 are connected to a power receiving facility (not shown) via a cable (not shown). The module 10 outputs DC power from the output terminals 11. The junction box 20 collects the DC power output by the module 10 and supplies it to the inverter 30. The inverter 30 converts the DC power supplied from the module 10 via the junction box 20 into AC power and supplies it to the power receiving facility (not shown).

[0015] The module 10 includes a submersion alarm device 40. The submersion alarm device 40 is an accessory device for notifying surrounding areas that a submerged module 10 exists. Submersion here means that all or part of the module 10 is submerged. The surrounding area refers to the area near the module 10 (e.g., an area within several meters of the module 10), people near the module 10 (e.g., people within several meters of the module 10), people at risk of electric shock from the output current of the submerged module 10, people near the submerged module 10, etc. These people include, for example, people evacuating from a house or the like in which the module 10 is installed, people rescuing people or pets from a house or the like in which the module 10 is installed, people performing recovery work in an area including the house or the like in which the module 10 is installed, people performing search work in an area including the house or the like in which the module 10 is installed, etc.

[0016] The submersion alarm device 40 is water resistant. The submersion alarm device 40 operates using DC power output by the module 10. As shown in FIG. 2, the submersion alarm device 40 has a detection unit 41, an alarm unit 42, a bird repellent unit 43, and a submersion alarm signal transmitter 44. In FIG. 1, the submersion alarm device 40 is provided at the bottom end of the module 10, but this is for the sake of convenience of explanation, and the installation position of the submersion alarm device 40 is arbitrary. The detection unit 41, the alarm unit 42, the bird repellent unit 43, and the submersion alarm signal transmitter 44 may be provided in different positions.

[0017] The detection unit 41 is a component for detecting that the module 10 is submerged. Any method for detecting that the module 10 is submerged may be used. The detection unit 41 illustrated in FIG. 3 has a pair of electrodes 411 and 412. The electrodes 411 and 412 are provided, for example, on the rear (bottom) surface of the module 10 or in the vicinity thereof. As shown in FIG. 3(a), under normal circumstances (when not submerged), the electrodes 411 and 412 are insulated by air A. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3(b), when the module 10 is submerged, the electrodes 411 and 412 are short-circuited by water W. Arrow C indicates a current flowing between the electrodes 411 and 412 due to the short-circuit. The detection unit 41 detects a short-circuit between the electrodes 411 and 412 as submersion of the module 10. The distance between the electrodes 411 and 412 is such that a short-circuit does not occur due to causes other than simultaneous submersion of the electrodes 411 and 412, such as normal rainfall.

[0018] The notification unit 42 is a component for notifying those around it that there is a submerged module 10. When the detection unit 41 detects submersion (when a short circuit occurs between the electrodes 411 and 412 in the example of FIG. 3), the notification unit 42 notifies those around it that there is a submerged module 10.

[0019] As shown in FIG. 2, the alarm unit 42 has an alarm vibration generator (first vibration generator) 421. An example of the configuration of the alarm vibration generator 421 includes a speaker 421a, a vibrator 421b, and the like. The speaker 421a is a means for generating an alarm sound (air vibration). By generating the alarm sound, the presence of the submerged module 10 can be audibly notified to those in the vicinity. Furthermore, by outputting a voice message from the speaker as the alarm sound to notify those in the vicinity of the risk of electric shock from the submerged module 10, the risk of electric shock can be more clearly notified to those in the vicinity and cautioned. The voice message includes a message urging people not to approach the location where the message is being emitted, i.e., the submerged module 10 (e.g., "Electric shock! Danger! Stay away! Electric shock! Danger! Stay away! ...", "There is a submerged solar panel. There is a risk of electric shock. Stay away", etc.). The vibrator 421b is a means for vibrating the module 10 itself (solid vibration). By vibrating the module 10 itself, the presence of the submerged module 10 can be visually notified to those around. For example, the vibration of the module 10 causes ripples to occur periodically on the water surface, thereby notifying the presence of the submerged module 10 and calling attention. Furthermore, the vibration of the module 10 generates an audible sound, making it possible to auditorily notify the presence of the submerged module 10 and call attention.

[0020] The alarm unit 42 may be activated in any manner. For example, a known normally open contact device may be used as a switching means for switching the alarm unit 42 between activated and deactivated. The normally open contact device has a fixed contact and a movable contact that can be connected to and disconnected from the fixed contact. The normally open contact device is provided in the power supply path to the alarm unit 42. The normally open contact device remains open under normal circumstances (when not submerged), cutting off the supply of power to the alarm unit 42. On the other hand, when a short circuit occurs between the two electrodes 411, 412 of the detection unit 41, this triggers the normally open contact device to close. This supplies power to the alarm unit 42. The supply of power activates the alarm unit 42, alerting those in the vicinity that a submerged module 10 is present.

[0021] 3 can also be used as a switching means for switching between inactivation and activation of the alarm unit 42. In this case, both electrodes 411, 412 are provided in a power supply path to the alarm unit 42, and power is supplied to the alarm unit 42 by short-circuiting between both electrodes 411, 412. When power is supplied, the alarm unit 42 is activated and alerts those around it that a submerged module 10 is present.

[0022] The bird repellent unit 43 is a component that prevents harmful birds such as crows from approaching the module 10. As shown in Fig. 2, the bird repellent unit 43 has a repelling vibration generator (second vibration generator) 431. The repelling vibration generator 431 is a component that generates air vibrations at a frequency that birds dislike on at least the cover glass 10g side of the module 10.

[0023] An example of the configuration of the repelling vibration generator 431 includes a speaker (parametric speaker) 431a capable of generating ultrasonic waves toward a predetermined range, and a vibration control device 431b that generates ultrasonic waves from the speaker 431a. The vibration control device 431b includes, for example, a repellent sound generator (not shown), an ultrasonic modulator (not shown), and a driver (not shown). The functions of the vibration control device 431b are realized, for example, by a hardware processor such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) executing a predetermined program (software). The repellent sound generator generates a repellent sound signal at an audible frequency (a frequency audible to birds). The ultrasonic modulator ultrasonically modulates the repellent sound signal output from the repellent sound generator. The driver drives the speaker with the ultrasonically modulated repellent sound signal output from the ultrasonic modulator, causing the speaker to generate ultrasonic waves (air vibrations at an inaudible frequency). The ultrasonic waves emitted from the speaker in a predetermined direction are dampened by the viscosity of the air, and the amplitude components contained in the ultrasonic waves are self-modulated (demodulated). That is, the ultrasonic waves emitted from the speaker in a predetermined direction are modulated in the air into a repellent sound of an audible frequency (a frequency that birds can hear). As a result, a repellent sound of an audible frequency (a frequency that birds can hear) is reproduced in the predetermined range toward which the speaker is aimed. The predetermined range toward which the speaker is aimed includes the area above the cover glass of module 10.

[0024] The submersion notification signal transmitter 44 is a component that emits a signal (hereinafter also referred to as a "submersion notification signal") to notify the presence of the module 10 based on the module 10 being submerged in water. The submersion notification signal transmitter 44 emits a submersion notification signal when the detector 41 detects submersion (in the example of FIG. 3, when a short circuit occurs between the electrodes 411 and 412). The submersion notification signal transmitter 44 has an antenna (not shown) and a transmission circuit (not shown) that transmits (emits) the submersion notification signal from the antenna. The frequency band of the signal emitted by the submersion notification signal transmitter 44 is arbitrary. The signal emitted by the submersion notification signal transmitter 44 may be an analog signal or a digital signal. The submersion notification signal includes module information (ID information) for identifying the module 10.

[0025] The submersion alarm signal transmitter 44 may be activated in any manner. For example, a known normally open contact device may be used as a switching means for switching the submersion alarm signal transmitter 44 between activated and deactivated. The normally open contact device has a fixed contact and a movable contact that can be brought into contact with and separated from the fixed contact. The normally open contact device is provided in the power supply path to the transmission circuit of the submersion alarm signal transmitter 44. The normally open contact device remains open under normal conditions (when not submerged), cutting off the supply of power to the transmission circuit. On the other hand, when a short circuit occurs between the two electrodes 411, 412 of the detection unit 41, this triggers the normally open contact device to close. This supplies power to the transmission circuit. The supply of power activates the transmission circuit, which then transmits the submersion alarm signal from the antenna.

[0026] 3 can also be used as a switching means for switching between inactivation and activation of the submersion alarm signal transmitter 44. In this case, both electrodes 411, 412 are provided in a power supply path to the transmission circuit of the submersion alarm signal transmitter 44, and power is supplied to the transmission circuit by short-circuiting between both electrodes 411, 412. When power is supplied, the transmitter is activated and transmits a submersion alarm signal from the antenna.

[0027] [Effect] When the module 10 is submerged, the PV system 1, module 10, and submersion alarm device 40 of the first embodiment configured as described above notify the surrounding area that the submerged module 10 is present. Furthermore, the PV system 1, module 10 and submersion alarm device 40 of the first embodiment configured as described above generate air vibrations at least on the cover glass side of the module 10 at a frequency that birds dislike. Furthermore, the PV system 1, module 10, and submersion alarm device 40 of the first embodiment configured as described above transmit a submersion alarm signal when the module 10 is submerged.

[0028] [effect] The PV system 1, module 10, and submersion alarm device 40 of the first embodiment, which function as described above, can alert those in the vicinity to the presence of the submerged module 10, drawing attention to the situation and preventing secondary disasters due to the risk of electric shock. By alerting those in the vicinity to the presence of the submerged module 10, people in the vicinity of the submerged module 10 can evacuate, rescue, perform recovery work, etc., while taking care to avoid electric shock.

[0029] Furthermore, with the PV system 1, module 10, and submersion alarm device 40 of the first embodiment operating as described above, air vibrations at a frequency that birds dislike can be generated on the cover glass 10g side of the module 10, preventing harmful birds such as crows from approaching the module 10 or the area above it. This can prevent bird droppings from adhering to the cover glass 10g of the module 10, and can prevent a decrease in the electromotive force of the PV system 1 due to a decrease in the amount of light received. Furthermore, by preventing crows from approaching the module 10 or the area above it, it is possible to prevent crows from mischief-making with the module 10 (putting stones, dropping stones, depositing dust, etc.) and prevent damage to the module 10 (such as broken glass).

[0030] In this way, the submersion alarm device 40 of the first embodiment functions as a submersion alarm device for alerting the surrounding area of ​​the presence of the submerged module 10 when the module 10 is submerged, and functions as a bird repellent device for keeping harmful birds such as crows away from the module 10 when the module 10 is not submerged. For this reason, the submersion alarm device 40 of the first embodiment is far more useful than devices specialized for submersion alarms. This is because, although the module 10 rarely becomes submerged, damage caused by harmful birds such as crows can occur at any time.

[0031] Therefore, the submersion alarm device 40 of the first embodiment can provide users with an incentive to install (attach) it to the module 10. As the penetration rate of modules 10 on which the submersion alarm device 40 of the first embodiment is installed (attached) increases, the safety of the PV system 1 improves.

[0032] Furthermore, according to the PV system 1, module 10, and submersion alarm device 40 of the first embodiment, which function as described above, the submersion alarm signal is transmitted, making it easier to find and identify the submerged module 10, thereby preventing secondary disasters. The ease of finding and identifying the submerged module 10 improves the efficiency of evacuation, rescue, recovery work, and the like.

[0033] In the following description, components that are the same as those already described will be given the same reference numerals, and their description will be omitted as appropriate.

[0034] [Second embodiment] [composition] As shown in FIG. 4, the module 10 of the PV system 2 of the second embodiment is equipped with a submersion alarm device 60. The submersion alarm device 60 is water resistant. The submersion alarm device 60 operates using DC power output by the module 10. As shown in FIG. 5, the submersion alarm device 60 has a detection unit 41, an alarm unit 42, a submersion alarm signal transmission unit 44, and a snow removal unit 61. In FIG. 4, the submersion alarm device 60 is provided at the bottom end of the module 10, but this is for convenience of explanation, and the installation position of the submersion alarm device 60 is arbitrary. The detection unit 41, the alarm unit 42, the submersion alarm signal transmission unit 44, and the snow removal unit 61 may be provided in different positions.

[0035] The snow removal unit 61 is a component for sliding off and removing snow adhering to the surface of the cover glass 10g of the module 10. Therefore, it is assumed that the module 10 is installed at an incline (for example, at an angle of approximately 30 degrees relative to the ground). Also, it is desirable that the lower end 10fm of the frame 10f of the module 10 does not protrude from the surface of the cover glass 10g. This is because if the lower end 10fm of the frame 10f of the module 10 protrudes from the surface of the cover glass 10g, it will be difficult for snow to slide off.

[0036] 5, the snow removal unit 61 has a snow removal vibration generator (second vibration generating unit) 62. The snow removal vibration generator 62 is a component for generating solid vibrations on the cover glass 10g side of the module 10 to promote snow sliding off.

[0037] An example of the configuration of the snow removal vibration generator 62 includes a vibration generator 621 that applies vibration to the module 10 and a control unit 622 that controls (on / off) the vibration of the vibration generator 621. The function of the control unit 622 is realized, for example, by a hardware processor such as a CPU executing a predetermined program. The vibration generator 621 can be, for example, a vibration motor or a piezoelectric element. By applying vibration to the module 10, the cover glass can be vibrated. Vibrating the cover glass 10g reduces the friction between the surface of the cover glass 10g and the snow, thereby facilitating the snow to slide off. The vibration generator 621 can vibrate the module 10 in any manner. For example, vibration can be applied to the back (bottom) side of the module 10. By applying vibration to the module 10 from the back side, the cover glass 10g can be vibrated in the thickness direction (e.g., in a slightly wavy manner). This effectively reduces the friction between the surface of the cover glass 10g and the snow, facilitating the snow to slide off.

[0038] [Effect] When the module 10 is submerged, the PV system 2, module 10, and submersion alarm device 60 of the second embodiment configured as described above notify the surrounding area that the submerged module 10 is present. Furthermore, the PV system 1, module 10, and submersion alarm device 60 of the second embodiment configured as described above generate solid vibrations in the cover glass 10g of the module 10 to promote the sliding off of snow. Furthermore, the PV system 2, module 10, and submersion alarm device 60 of the second embodiment configured as described above transmit a submersion alarm signal when the module 10 is submerged.

[0039] [effect] The PV system 2, module 10, and submersion alarm device 60 of the second embodiment, which function as described above, can alert those in the vicinity to the presence of a submerged module 10, drawing attention to the situation and preventing secondary disasters due to the risk of electric shock. By alerting those in the vicinity to the presence of a submerged module 10, evacuation, rescue, recovery work, and the like can be carried out while taking care to avoid electric shock.

[0040] Furthermore, according to the PV system 2, module 10, and submersion alarm device 60 of the second embodiment, which function as described above, the submersion alarm signal is transmitted, making it easier to find and identify the submerged module 10, thereby preventing secondary disasters. The ease of finding and identifying the submerged module 10 improves the efficiency of evacuation, rescue, recovery work, and the like.

[0041] Furthermore, with the PV system 2, module 10, and submersion alarm device 60 of the second embodiment operating as described above, solid vibrations that promote snow sliding off can be generated in the cover glass 10g of the module 10, causing snow adhering to the surface of the cover glass 10g to slide off and be removed. This can prevent snow from adhering to the cover glass 10g of the module 10, and can prevent a decrease in the electromotive force of the PV system 1 due to a decrease in the amount of received light.

[0042] In this way, the submersion alarm device 60 of the second embodiment functions as a submersion alarm device that alerts those around the module 10 of the presence of the submerged module 10 when the module 10 is submerged, and functions as a snow removal device that removes snow that has adhered to the surface of the cover glass 10g of the module 10 when snow accumulates. Therefore, the submersion alarm device 60 of the second embodiment is far more useful than devices that are specialized for submersion alarms. This is because submersion of the module 10 rarely occurs, but snow accumulation can occur relatively frequently.

[0043] Therefore, the submersion alarm device 60 of the second embodiment can provide users with an incentive to install (attach) it to the module 10. As the penetration rate of modules 10 on which the submersion alarm device 60 of the second embodiment is installed (attached) increases, the safety of the PV system 1 improves.

[0044] [Third embodiment] [composition] As shown in FIG. 6, the PV system 3 of the third embodiment includes a module string 50, a junction box 20, and an inverter 30. The module string 50 includes a plurality of modules 10. The plurality of modules 10 are electrically connected in series. Adjacent modules 10 are electrically connected via an intermediary device 70 and two cables 80. The intermediary device 70 mediates two cables (power paths) 80 that electrically connect the adjacent modules 10 in series. The intermediary device 70 has a function (power path disconnection function) of cutting off the electrical connection between terminals 80a, 80b of the cables 80 that it mediates in an emergency (when submerged).

[0045] Each module 10 is equipped with a submersion alarm device (submersion alarm device and bird repellent device) 40. When the submersion alarm device 40 detects that the module 10 has been submerged, it notifies the surrounding area that a submerged module 10 exists.

[0046] The intermediary device 70 is water resistant. The intermediary device 70 is placed on the rear (bottom) surface of the module 10 or in its vicinity. The intermediary device 70 operates using DC power output by the module 10. As shown in FIG. 7, the intermediary device 70 has a detection unit 71 and a current interruption unit 72. The detection unit 71 is a component for detecting that the module 10 has been submerged in water. The current interruption unit 72 is a component (current interruption device) for interrupting electrical continuity between terminals 80a and 80b of cables 80 extending from adjacent modules 10.

[0047] The manner in which the module 10 is detected to be submerged in water is arbitrary. The detection unit 71 illustrated in FIG. 8 has a pair of electrodes 711, 712. The electrodes 711, 712 are provided, for example, on the outer surface of a housing 73 (see FIG. 9) of the intermediary device 70. As shown in FIG. 8(a), under normal circumstances (when not submerged), the electrodes 711, 712 are insulated by air A. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 8(b), when the module 10 is submerged, the electrodes 711, 712 are short-circuited by water W. Arrow C indicates the current flowing between the electrodes 711, 712 due to the short-circuit. The detection unit 71 detects the short-circuit between the electrodes 711, 712 as the module 10 being submerged in water.

[0048] When the detection unit 71 detects submersion in water (when a short circuit occurs between the electrodes 711 and 712 in the example of FIG. 8), the current interruption unit 72 interrupts the electrical connection between the cables 80 that it mediates. As a result, the electrical connection (current flow) between the adjacent modules 10 connected in series with each other is interrupted.

[0049] The electrical connection between the two cables 80 may be interrupted in any manner. For example, as shown in FIG. 7 , a normally closed contact device 721 may be used as the current interrupter 72. The normally closed contact device 721 has a fixed contact 721a and a movable contact 721b that can be brought into contact with and separated from the fixed contact 721a. The normally closed contact device 721 is provided in the power path between the terminals 80a and 80b of the two cables 80. The normally closed contact device 721 remains closed under normal conditions (when not submerged), electrically connecting the two cables 80. In this case, a short circuit between the electrodes 711 and 712 of the detection unit 71 triggers the normally closed contact device 721 to open, as shown by the dashed line. This interrupts the electrical connection between the two cables 80.

[0050] 9, an actuator 722 can be used as the current interrupter 72. As shown in FIG. 9(a), before the actuator 722 is activated, the terminal (male terminal) 80a of the cable 80 and the terminal (female terminal) 70b of the intermediary device 70 are connected to each other. The actuator 722 is activated when a short circuit occurs between the electrodes 711 and 712 of the detection unit 71. When the actuator is activated, the cable 80 is completely disconnected from the intermediary device 70, as shown in FIG. 9(b). That is, the actuator 722 electrically and structurally (mechanically) separates the two cables 80 mediated by the intermediary device 70. This more effectively cuts off the electrical connection between the two cables 80. An electromagnetic solenoid, for example, can be used as a power source for the actuator 722.

[0051] [Effect] In the PV system 3 of the third embodiment configured as described above, when a module 10 is submerged, the electrical connection between adjacent modules 10 connected in series is cut off. As a result, the multiple modules 10 that are normally electrically connected in series are each electrically separated into individual modules 10. This reduces the output voltage compared to when the multiple modules 10 are electrically connected in series, reducing the risk of electric shock. For example, in the case of the module string 50 illustrated in FIG. 6, by separating the modules 10 into three electrically separate modules 10, the open-circuit voltage can theoretically be reduced to one-third.

[0052] Furthermore, when the module 10 is submerged in water, the PV system 3 of the third embodiment configured as described above notifies the surrounding area that the submerged module 10 is present. Furthermore, the PV system 3 of the third embodiment configured as described above generates air vibrations at a frequency that birds dislike on at least the cover glass side of the module 10. Furthermore, the PV system 3 of the third embodiment configured as described above transmits a submersion notification signal when the module 10 is submerged.

[0053] [effect] The PV system 3 of the third embodiment, which operates as described above, alerts those in the vicinity to the presence of the submerged module 10 to draw attention, thereby preventing secondary disasters due to the risk of electric shock (delays in evacuation, rescue, recovery work, etc.) and reducing the risk in the event of an electric shock accident. By alerting those in the vicinity to the presence of the submerged module 10, evacuation, rescue, recovery work, etc. can be carried out while taking care to avoid electric shock.

[0054] Furthermore, according to the PV system 3 of the third embodiment that operates as described above, air vibrations at a frequency that birds dislike can be generated on the cover glass 10g side of the module 10, making it possible to prevent harmful birds such as crows from approaching the module 10 or the area above it. This can prevent bird droppings from adhering to the cover glass 10g of the module 10, and can also prevent a decrease in the electromotive force of the PV system 3 due to a decrease in the amount of light received.

[0055] Furthermore, according to the PV system 3 of the third embodiment that operates as described above, the transmission of a submersion alarm signal makes it easier to find and identify the submerged module 10, thereby preventing secondary disasters. The ease of finding and identifying the submerged module 10 improves the efficiency of evacuation, rescue, recovery work, and the like.

[0056] [Fourth embodiment] [composition] 10, each module 10 of the PV system 4 of the fourth embodiment includes a submersion alarm device (submersion alarm device and snow removal device) 60. The other configurations are the same as those of the third embodiment.

[0057] [Effect] In the PV system 4 of the fourth embodiment configured as described above, when a module 10 is submerged, the electrical connection between adjacent modules 10 connected in series is cut off. As a result, the multiple modules 10 that are normally electrically connected in series are electrically separated into individual modules 10. This reduces the output voltage compared to when the multiple modules 10 are electrically connected in series, reducing the risk of electric shock.

[0058] Furthermore, when the module 10 is submerged in water, the PV system 4 of the fourth embodiment configured as described above notifies the surrounding area that the submerged module 10 is present. Furthermore, the PV system 4 of the fourth embodiment configured as described above generates solid vibrations in the cover glass 10g of the module 10 to promote snow to slide off. Furthermore, the PV system 3 of the fourth embodiment configured as described above transmits a submersion notification signal when the module 10 is submerged.

[0059] [effect] The PV system 4 of the fourth embodiment, which operates as described above, alerts those in the vicinity to the presence of a submerged module 10 to draw attention, thereby preventing secondary disasters due to the risk of electric shock (delays in evacuation, rescue, recovery work, etc.) and reducing the risk of an electric shock accident. By alerting those in the vicinity to the presence of a submerged module 10, evacuation, rescue, recovery work, etc. can be carried out while taking care to avoid electric shock.

[0060] Furthermore, according to the PV system 4 of the fourth embodiment, which operates as described above, solid vibrations that promote snow sliding off can be generated in the cover glass 10g of the module 10, causing snow adhering to the surface of the cover glass 10g to slide off and be removed. This can prevent snow from adhering to the cover glass 10g of the module 10, and can prevent a decrease in the electromotive force of the PV system 1 due to a decrease in the amount of received light.

[0061] Furthermore, according to the PV system 4 of the fourth embodiment that operates as described above, the transmission of a submersion alarm signal makes it easier to find and identify the submerged module 10, thereby preventing secondary disasters. The ease of finding and identifying the submerged module 10 improves the efficiency of evacuation, rescue, recovery work, and the like.

[0062] [Fifth embodiment] [composition] As shown in FIG. 11 , a submersion alarm device 90 of a PV system 5 of the fifth embodiment is attached to a module 10. The submersion alarm device 90 is water resistant. The submersion alarm device 90 operates using DC power output by the module 10. The submersion alarm device 90 includes a pair of input terminals 91 connected to both output terminals 11 of the module 10, a pair of output terminals 92 to which cables 80 are respectively connected, a detection unit 41 for detecting that the solar panel 10 has been submerged, an alarm unit 42 for notifying that the solar panel 10 has been submerged, and a bird repelling unit 43 for preventing harmful birds such as crows from approaching the module 10. When the detection unit 41 detects that the solar panel 10 has been submerged, the alarm unit 42 notifies those in the vicinity that a submerged solar panel 10 exists. The bird repelling unit 43 generates air vibrations at a frequency that birds dislike at least on the cover glass 10g side of the module 10. The submersion notification signal transmitting unit 44 transmits a submersion notification signal when the module 10 is submerged in water.

[0063] [Effect] The submersion alarm device 90 of the fifth embodiment configured as described above can be retrofitted to an existing module 10. When the module 10 to which the submersion alarm device 90 is attached is submerged, the submersion alarm device 90 notifies those around it of the presence of the submerged module 10 and emits a submersion alarm signal. The submersion alarm device 90 of the fifth embodiment configured as described above generates air vibrations at a frequency that birds dislike on at least the cover glass side of the module 10 to which the submersion alarm device 90 is attached.

[0064] [effect] The submersion alarm device 90 of the fifth embodiment, which is configured and operates as described above, can alert those in the vicinity to the presence of a submerged module 10, thereby drawing attention and preventing secondary disasters due to the risk of electric shock. By alerting those in the vicinity to the presence of a submerged module 10, evacuation, rescue, recovery work, etc. can be carried out while taking care to avoid electric shock. Furthermore, transmitting a submersion alarm signal makes it easier to find and identify the submerged module, thereby more effectively preventing secondary disasters.

[0065] Furthermore, the submersion alarm device 90 of the fifth embodiment, which operates as described above, generates air vibrations at a frequency that birds dislike on the cover glass 10g side of the module 10, making it possible to prevent harmful birds such as crows from approaching the module 10 or the area above it. This makes it possible to prevent bird droppings from adhering to the cover glass 10g of the module 10 and to prevent a decrease in the electromotive force of the PV system 1 due to a decrease in the amount of light received. Furthermore, by preventing crows from approaching the module 10 or the area above it, it is possible to prevent crows from mischief-making (putting stones, dropping stones, depositing dust, etc.) on the module 10 and to prevent damage to the module 10 (such as broken glass).

[0066] In this way, the submersion alarm device 90 of the fifth embodiment functions as a submersion alarm device for alerting the surrounding area of ​​the presence of the submerged module 10 when the module 10 is submerged, and functions as a bird repellent device for keeping harmful birds such as crows away from the module 10 when the module 10 is not submerged. For this reason, the submersion alarm device 40 of the fifth embodiment is far more useful than devices specialized for submersion alarms. This is because, although the module 10 rarely becomes submerged, damage caused by harmful birds such as crows can occur at any time.

[0067] Therefore, the submersion alarm device 90 of the fifth embodiment can provide users with an incentive to retrofit it to the module 10. By increasing the installation rate of the submersion alarm device 90 of the fifth embodiment, the safety of the PV system 1 is improved.

[0068] [Sixth embodiment] [composition] As shown in FIG. 12 , a submersion alarm device 100 of a PV system 6 of the sixth embodiment is attached to a module 10. The submersion alarm device 100 is water resistant. The submersion alarm device 100 operates using DC power output by the module 10. The submersion alarm device 100 includes a pair of input terminals 101 connected to both output terminals 11 of the module 10, a pair of output terminals 102 to which cables 80 are respectively connected, a detection unit 41 for detecting that the solar panel 10 has been submerged, an alarm unit 42 for notifying that the solar panel 10 has been submerged, a submersion alarm signal transmission unit 44 (see FIG. 2 ) that transmits a submersion alarm signal, and a snow removal unit 61 for promoting the sliding of snow from the module 10. When the detection unit 41 detects that the solar panel 10 has been submerged, the alarm unit 42 notifies those in the vicinity that a submerged solar panel 10 exists. The submersion notification signal transmitter 44 transmits a submersion notification signal based on the submersion of the module 10. The snow removal unit 61 generates solid vibrations on the cover glass 10g side of the module 10 to promote the snow to slide off.

[0069] [Effect] The submersion alarm device 100 of the sixth embodiment configured as described above can be retrofitted to an existing module 10. When the module 10 to which the submersion alarm device 100 is attached is submerged, the submersion alarm device 100 notifies those around it of the presence of the submerged module 10 and emits a submersion alarm signal. The submersion alarm device 100 of the sixth embodiment configured as described above also generates solid vibrations on the cover glass 10g side of the module 10 to which the submersion alarm device 100 is attached to promote snow to slide off.

[0070] [effect] The submersion alarm device 100 of the sixth embodiment, which is configured and operates as described above, can alert those in the vicinity to the presence of a submerged module 10, thereby drawing attention and preventing secondary disasters due to the risk of electric shock. By alerting those in the vicinity to the presence of a submerged module 10, evacuation, rescue, recovery work, etc. can be carried out while taking care to avoid electric shock. Furthermore, transmitting a submersion alarm signal makes it easier to find and identify the submerged module, thereby more effectively preventing secondary disasters.

[0071] Furthermore, the submersion alarm device 100 of the sixth embodiment, which operates as described above, generates solid vibrations on the cover glass 10g of the module 10 to promote snow sliding off, and snow adhering to the surface of the cover glass 10g can be caused to slide off and removed. This makes it possible to prevent snow from adhering to the cover glass 10g of the module 10 and to prevent a decrease in the electromotive force of the PV system 1 due to a decrease in the amount of received light.

[0072] In this way, the submersion alarm device 100 of the sixth embodiment functions as a submersion alarm device for notifying the surrounding area of ​​the presence of the submerged module 10 when the module 10 is submerged, and functions as a snow removal device for removing snow adhering to the surface of the cover glass 10g of the module 10 when snow accumulates. Therefore, the submersion alarm device 100 of the sixth embodiment is far more useful than devices specialized for submersion alarms. This is because submersion of the module 10 rarely occurs, but snow accumulation can occur relatively frequently.

[0073] Therefore, the submersion alarm device 100 of the sixth embodiment can provide users with an incentive to retrofit it to the module 10. By increasing the installation rate of the submersion alarm device 100 of the sixth embodiment, the safety of the PV system 1 is improved.

[0074] [Other embodiments]

[0075] In the first and third embodiments, the submersion alarm device 40 may be retrofitted to an existing module 10, i.e., a module 10 that does not have a submersion alarm device 40. Alternatively, the submersion alarm device 40 may be integrated into the module 10.

[0076] In the second and fourth embodiments, the submersion alarm device 60 may be retrofitted to an existing module 10, i.e., a module 10 that does not have a submersion alarm device 60. Alternatively, the submersion alarm device 60 may be integrated into the module 10.

[0077] In the third and fourth embodiments, the intermediary device 70 may have a current fuse that melts due to an abnormal current when the module 10 is submerged in water. With this configuration, the current fuse melts when the module 10 is submerged in water, and the electrical connection between the modules 10 that make up the solar cell module string 50 is cut off. In this case, the current fuse functions as a detection unit 71 and a current cutoff unit 72.

[0078] In the third and fourth embodiments, the intermediary device 70 may be integrated into the module 10. In this case, the detection unit 71 is provided, for example, on the back surface (bottom surface) of the module 10. The current interruption unit 72 is provided, for example, at the output terminal 11 of the module 10. When the detection unit 71 detects that the module 10 is submerged in water, the current interruption unit 72 interrupts the electrical connection between the output terminal 11 of the module 10 and the cable 80 connected to the output terminal 11. This interrupts the electrical connection between the modules 10 that make up the module string 50. With this configuration, the intermediary device 70 that connects the cables 80 can be omitted, simplifying the configuration of the PV systems 3 and 4.

[0079] In the third and fourth embodiments, the PV systems 3 and 4 may have a solar cell module array in which a plurality of module strings 50 are electrically connected in parallel with each other.

[0080] In the first and third embodiments, the submersion alarm device 40 is provided in the module 10, but it may also be provided in other components of the PV systems 1 and 3 (for example, the junction box 20, the cable 80, etc.).

[0081] In the second and fourth embodiments, the submersion alarm device 60 is provided in the module 10, but it may also be provided in other components of the PV systems 2, 4 (for example, the junction box 20, the cable 80, etc.).

[0082] In the fifth and sixth embodiments, the submersion alarm devices 90 and 100 may include a current interrupter 72. In this case, when the detector 41 detects that the module 10 is submerged, the current interrupter 72 interrupts the electrical connection between the output terminal 11 of the module 10 and the cable 80 connected to the output terminal 11. This configuration is suitable for the submersion alarm devices of the PV systems 3 and 4 having a solar cell module string 50, as in the third and fourth embodiments. That is, by installing the submersion alarm devices 90 and 100 having the current interrupter 72 in the existing modules 10 that constitute the solar cell module string 50, the intermediate device 70 that intermediates the cables 80 can be omitted, simplifying the configuration of the PV systems 5 and 6. When a module 10 is submerged, the electrical connection between adjacent modules 10 connected in series can be interrupted and the presence of the submerged module 10 can be notified to those around it.

[0083] In the first, third, and fifth embodiments, the alarm vibration generator 421 (first vibration generating unit) and the repelling vibration generator 431 (second vibration generating unit) may be the same vibration generating unit. By sharing the alarm vibration generator 421 and the repelling vibration generator 431, i.e., by providing one vibration generating unit with both the alarm vibration generating function and the repelling vibration generating function, the configuration of the submersion alarm devices 40, 90 can be simplified. In this case, the alarm unit 42, for example, the speaker 421a, is controlled by the vibration control device 431b under normal conditions (when not submerged), for example, to generate air vibrations at a frequency that birds dislike at least on the cover glass 10g side of the module 10. Therefore, the speaker 431a can be omitted.

[0084] In the second, fourth, and sixth embodiments, the alarm vibration generator 421 (first vibration generating unit) and the snow removal vibration generator 62 (second vibration generating unit) may be the same vibration generating unit. By sharing the alarm vibration generator 421 and the snow removal vibration generator 62, i.e., by providing one vibration generating unit with both the alarm vibration generating function and the snow removal vibration generating function, the configuration of the submersion alarm devices 60, 100 can be simplified. In this case, the vibrator 421b as the alarm unit 42, for example, is controlled by the control unit 622 under normal conditions (when not submerged) to generate solid vibrations on the cover glass 10g side of the module 10 to promote snow sliding off. Therefore, the vibration generating unit 621 can be omitted.

[0085] In the above-described embodiments, the alarm unit 42 of the submersion alarm device 40, 60, 90, 100 may have a light source capable of emitting light at a brightness visible even on a clear day, and may illuminate the light source when the module 10 is submerged to visually alert those in the vicinity to the presence of a submerged solar panel. Alternatively, the alarm unit 42 may have the light source and an alarm vibration generator 421, and perform an alarm operation using light emission and vibration (air vibration, solid vibration). This allows for more reliable alerting of those in the vicinity to the presence of a submerged module 10. The light emission may be in any form. Examples of light emission include continuous light emission at a constant brightness, flashing light emission that alternates between light emission (on) and non-emission (off) at predetermined intervals, color-changing light emission that changes the emission wavelength at predetermined intervals, and synchronous light emission that emits light (on) or non-emission (off) in synchronization with a vibration pattern.

[0086] In the above-described embodiments, the PV systems 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 may be installed on a house or the ground, or may be mounted on a mobile object (vehicle, aircraft, ship, etc.).

[0087] In the above embodiment, the module 10 may be a so-called roof-integrated solar panel. By providing the roof-integrated solar panel with submersion alarm devices (submersion alarm device 40, submersion alarm device 60, submersion alarm device 90, and submersion alarm device 100), if the roof-integrated solar panel (module 10) is submerged, the presence of the roof-integrated solar panel (module 10) can be notified to the surrounding area, thereby preventing secondary disasters due to the risk of electric shock.

[0088] In the above embodiment, the module 10 may be a wall-mounted solar panel (a solar panel mounted on the wall of a building). By providing the wall-mounted solar panel with a submersion alarm device (submersion alarm device 40, submersion alarm device 60, submersion alarm device 90, and submersion alarm device 100), when the wall-mounted solar panel (module 10) is submerged, the presence of the wall-mounted solar panel (module 10) can be notified to the surrounding area, thereby preventing secondary disasters due to the risk of electric shock.

[0089] In the above embodiment, the module 10 may be a window-integrated solar panel for a building, etc. By providing the window-integrated solar panel with a submersion alarm device (submersion alarm device 40, submersion alarm device 60, submersion alarm device 90, and submersion alarm device 100), if the window-integrated solar panel (module 10) is submerged, the presence of the window-integrated solar panel (module 10) can be notified to the surrounding area, thereby preventing secondary disasters due to the risk of electric shock.

[0090] In the above embodiment, it is not necessary to provide one submersion alarm device (submersion alarm device 40, submersion alarm device 60, submersion alarm device 90, and submersion alarm device 100) for each module 10. For example, if multiple modules 10 are firmly connected to each other and there is a high probability that the individual modules 10 will not separate when submerged, it is sufficient to provide one submersion alarm device for the multiple modules 10.

[0091] In the above embodiment, the detection unit 41 may be a known water level sensor that detects the water level based on the capacitance in a predetermined space.

[0092] In the above embodiment, the configuration of the system that receives the submersion notification signal and detects (discovers) the submerged module 10 based on the received submersion notification signal is not particularly limited. It may be a special system for detecting (discovering) the submerged module 10, or it may be a system that uses an existing communication network (such as an IP network) and a general-purpose communication terminal.

[0093] In the above embodiment, the module information may include information such as the product name, model number, and performance of the module 10, in addition to the ID information of the module 10. The module information may also include information regarding the installation location of the module 10.

[0094] This specification discloses at least the following configurations: Note that the components of the present invention are not limited to the components in parentheses below.

[0095] Configuration 1: A module (module 10) equipped with a submersion alarm device (submersion alarm device 40, submersion alarm device 60, submersion alarm device 90, submersion alarm device 100) for notifying surrounding areas of the presence of a submerged module. According to this configuration, the presence of the submerged module can be notified to those around, thereby preventing secondary disasters due to the risk of electric shock.

[0096] Configuration 2: In the module of configuration 1, the submersion alarm device operates on the power output by the module. This configuration allows the presence of a submerged module to be notified to those around it without an external power supply or a battery. The submersion alarm device only functions when sunlight is shining on the module, and will not function if sunlight is not shining on the module, even if the module is submerged. However, this is not a problem because the module will not generate electricity if sunlight is not shining on it, and there is no risk of electric shock.

[0097] Configuration 3: In the module of configuration 1 or 2, the submersion alarm device has a detection unit (detection unit 41) for detecting that the module has been submerged, and an alarm unit (alert unit 42) for notifying those around it that a submerged module exists. When the detection unit detects that the module has been submerged, the alarm unit notifies those around it that a submerged module exists. According to this configuration, with a simple configuration in which the detection unit detects the submersion of the module and the notification unit notifies the same, it is possible to reliably notify those around when the module is submerged.

[0098] Configuration 4: In the module of configuration 3, the notification unit has a vibration generating source (notification vibration generating device 421, first vibration generating unit 421) for notifying the surroundings by vibration that a submerged module exists. This configuration employs a vibration generating source as a submersion alarm for alerting those around it that a submerged module is present. This effectively alerts those around it, even if the module submerges during the day on a clear day. Because the module generates power when exposed to sunlight, even if a light source were used as a submersion alarm to emit light, the alert would likely be difficult to perceive. However, by using a vibration generating source to generate vibrations (sound, vibration of the submersion alarm device, vibration of the module, vibration of the water surface due to vibration of the submersion alarm device, vibration of the water surface due to vibration of the module, vibration of an object in contact with the module, vibration of an object in contact with the submersion alarm device, etc.), the alert is more easily perceivable. Examples of sounds include vibration sounds from the submersion alarm device and vibration sounds from the module. Examples of objects in contact with the module and the submersion alarm device include dust, rubble, and tree branches and leaves washed away by flooding.

[0099] Configuration 5: In the module of configuration 3, the detection unit has a pair of electrodes that short-circuit when submerged in water, and the notification unit notifies those around it that a submerged module is present when a short-circuit occurs between the pair of electrodes. According to this configuration, by employing a pair of electrodes that short-circuit when submerged in water as submersion detection means for detecting submersion of the module, the submersion detection means can be realized with an extremely simple configuration.

[0100] Configuration 6: A PV system having a plurality of modules electrically connected in series with each other, a submersion alarm device for notifying the surrounding area of ​​the presence of a submerged module, and a current interrupter (current interrupter unit 72) for interrupting the flow of electricity between the modules when the modules are submerged. According to this configuration, the PV system cuts off the power path when a module is submerged and alerts those around it that a submerged module is present. By alerting those around it that a submerged module is present and drawing attention to it, secondary disasters due to the risk of electric shock can be reduced. By cutting off the power path electrically connecting adjacent modules in series and reducing the output voltage of photovoltaic power generation in a system having multiple modules electrically connected in series, the risk of electric shock can be reduced.

[0101] Configuration 7: A submersion alarm device (submersion alarm device 40, submersion alarm device 60, submersion alarm device 90, submersion alarm device 100) is attached to a module and has a detection unit for detecting that the module has been submerged, and a notification unit for notifying those around it that a submerged module exists, and the notification unit notifies those around it that a submerged module exists when the detection unit detects that the module has been submerged. The submersion alarm device is attached to the output terminal of the module, for example, and operates using DC power output by the module. According to this configuration, by attaching a submersion alarm device to the module, if the module is submerged, the presence of the submerged module can be notified to those around, thereby preventing secondary disasters due to the risk of electric shock.

[0102] Configuration 8: A PV system having a module, the module being equipped with a submersion alarm device for notifying surrounding areas that a submerged module is present (PV system 1, PV system 2, PV system 3, PV system 4, PV system 5, PV system 6). According to this configuration, when a module is submerged, the presence of the submerged module is notified to those around, thereby making it possible to prevent secondary disasters due to the risk of electric shock.

[0103] Configuration 9: An intermediary device (intermediary device 70) that mediates a power path (cable 80) that electrically connects adjacent modules in series, the intermediary device having a detection unit for detecting that the module has been submerged, a current interruption unit for interrupting the power path, and a notification unit for notifying those around it that a submerged module exists, wherein the current interruption unit interrupts the power path when the detection unit detects that the module has been submerged, and the notification unit notifies those around it that a submerged module exists when the detection unit detects that the module has been submerged. The intermediary device operates using DC power output by the modules. According to this configuration, by inserting an intermediary device into the power path electrically connecting adjacent modules in series, when a module is submerged, the power path can be cut off and the presence of the submerged module can be notified to those around. By notifying those around that a submerged module is present and drawing attention, secondary disasters due to the risk of electric shock can be reduced. By cutting off the power path electrically connecting adjacent modules in series and reducing the output voltage of photovoltaic power generation in a system having multiple modules electrically connected in series, the risk of electric shock can be reduced.

[0104] Configuration 10: A module characterized by having a first vibration generating unit (alert vibration generating device 421) for notifying the surrounding area of ​​the presence of a submerged module, and a second vibration generating unit (avoidance vibration generating device 431, snow removal vibration generating device 62) for generating vibrations on the light receiving surface side of the module. This configuration can prevent secondary disasters by alerting the surrounding area to the presence of a submerged module. Also, this configuration can prevent bird droppings or snow from adhering to the light-receiving surface by generating vibrations on the light-receiving surface, thereby preventing a decrease in electromotive force.

[0105] Configuration 11: The module of configuration 10, wherein the second vibration generating unit generates air vibrations (audible sounds) on the cover glass (cover glass 10g) side of the module to repel birds. This configuration can prevent bird droppings or snow from adhering to the light receiving surface of the module, thereby preventing a decrease in electromotive force.

[0106] Configuration 12: 11. The module of claim 10, wherein the second vibration generating unit generates solid vibrations on the cover glass side of the module to promote snow sliding off. According to this configuration, by generating vibrations on the light-receiving surface side of the module, it is possible to prevent snow from adhering to the light-receiving surface, thereby suppressing a decrease in electromotive force.

[0107] Configuration 13: A frame (frame 10f) surrounding the cover glass, The module of configuration 12, wherein the lower end (lower end 10fm) of the frame does not protrude from the surface of the cover glass. This configuration allows snow adhering to the cover glass to slide off more easily.

[0108] Configuration 14: 14. The module of any one of configurations 10 to 13, wherein the first vibration generating unit and the second vibration generating unit operate using power output by the module. This configuration allows the presence of a submerged module to be notified to those around it without an external power supply or a battery. The submersion alarm device only functions when sunlight is shining on the module, and will not function if sunlight is not shining on the module, even if the module is submerged. However, this is not a problem because the module will not generate electricity if sunlight is not shining on it, and there is no risk of electric shock.

[0109] Configuration 15: A photovoltaic system comprising a module, a first vibration generating unit for notifying the surrounding area of ​​the presence of a submerged module, and a second vibration generating unit for generating vibrations on the cover glass side of the module, wherein the first vibration generating unit and the second vibration generating unit operate using the power output by the module. This configuration can prevent secondary disasters by alerting the surrounding area to the presence of a submerged module. Also, this configuration can prevent bird droppings or snow from adhering to the light-receiving surface by generating vibrations on the light-receiving surface, thereby preventing a decrease in electromotive force.

[0110] Configuration 16: An accessory device attachable to a module, A submersion warning device comprising a first vibration generating unit for notifying the surrounding area of ​​the presence of a submerged module, and a second vibration generating unit for generating vibrations on the cover glass side of the module, wherein the first vibration generating unit and the second vibration generating unit are operated by the power output by the module. According to this configuration, by attaching a submersion alarm device to the module, it is possible to alert those around to the presence of a submerged module, and it is also possible to prevent a decrease in the module's electromotive force due to bird droppings or snow adhering to the light-receiving surface.

[0111] Configuration 17: A module characterized by having a submersion notification signal transmitter (submersion notification signal transmitter 44) that emits a signal to notify the presence of the module when at least a portion of the module is submerged in water. This configuration makes it easier to find submerged modules, thereby preventing secondary disasters.

[0112] Configuration 18: a submersion notification signal transmitter that transmits a signal to notify the presence of the module when at least a portion of the module is submerged in water; The module is characterized in that the submersion notification signal transmitter operates using power output by the module. With this configuration, the module can emit a signal to alert users to the presence of its own submerged module without receiving external power or being equipped with a battery. The submersion alert signal emitter functions only when sunlight is shining on the module, and will not function if sunlight is not shining on the module, even if the module is submerged. However, this is not a problem because the module will not generate electricity if sunlight is not shining on it, and there is no risk of electric shock.

[0113] Configuration 19: a submersion notification signal transmitter that transmits a signal to notify the presence of the module when at least a portion of the module is submerged in water; The module is characterized in that the submersion notification signal transmitter transmits a signal including module information for identifying the module. This configuration makes it easier to find and identify a submerged module, thereby preventing secondary disasters.

[0114] Configuration 20: A PV system having a plurality of modules electrically connected in series with each other, a submersion alarm device that emits a signal to notify the presence of a submerged module, and a current interrupter that cuts off the flow of electricity between the modules when the modules are submerged. According to this configuration, when a module is submerged, the PV system cuts off the power path and transmits a signal to notify the user of the presence of the submerged module. Transmitting a signal to notify the user of the presence of the submerged module makes it easier to find and identify the submerged module, thereby preventing secondary disasters. By cutting off the power path electrically connecting adjacent modules in series, the output voltage of photovoltaic power generation in a system having multiple modules electrically connected in series can be reduced, thereby reducing the risk of electric shock.

[0115] Configuration 21: A submersion alarm device attached to a module includes a detection unit for detecting that the module has been submerged, and a submersion alarm signal transmitter for transmitting a signal to notify the presence of the submerged module, wherein the submersion alarm signal transmitter transmits a signal to notify the presence of the submerged module when the detection unit detects that the module has been submerged. The submersion alarm device is attached to the output terminal of the module, for example, and operates using DC power output by the module. According to this configuration, by attaching a submersion alarm device to a module, if the module becomes submerged, a signal is emitted to alert the user to the presence of the submerged module, making it easier to find and identify the submerged module, thereby reducing the risk of secondary disasters due to the risk of electric shock.

[0116] Configuration 22: A PV system having a module, the module being provided with a submergence alarm device that emits a signal to notify the presence of a submerged module. According to this configuration, when a module is submerged, a signal is sent to notify the presence of the submerged module, making it easier to find and identify the submerged module, thereby reducing secondary disasters due to the risk of electric shock.

[0117] Configuration 23: An intermediary device that mediates a power path that electrically connects adjacent modules in series to each other, the intermediary device having a detection unit that detects that the module is submerged in water, a current interruption unit that cuts off the power path, and a submersion notification signal transmission unit that transmits a signal to notify the presence of the submerged module, wherein the current interruption unit cuts off the power path when the detection unit detects that the module is submerged, and the submersion notification signal transmission unit transmits a signal to notify the presence of the submerged module when the detection unit detects that the module is submerged. The intermediary device operates on DC power output by the modules. According to this configuration, by inserting an intermediary device into the power path electrically connecting adjacent modules in series, when a module is submerged, the power path can be interrupted and a signal can be transmitted to notify the user of the submerged module. Transmitting a signal to notify the user of the submerged module makes it easier to find and identify the submerged module, thereby preventing secondary disasters. By interrupting the power path electrically connecting adjacent modules in series and reducing the output voltage of solar power generation in a system having multiple modules electrically connected in series, the risk of electric shock can be reduced. [Explanation of symbols]

[0118] 1 PV system (photovoltaic system) 2 PV systems (photovoltaic systems) 3 PV systems (photovoltaic systems) 4 PV systems (photovoltaic systems) 5 PV systems (photovoltaic systems) 6 PV systems (photovoltaic systems) 10 modules (solar panels) 11 Output terminal 20 Junction box 21 Input terminal 22 Output terminal 30 Power Conditioner 31 Input terminal 32 output terminal 40 Submersion alarm device (accessory device) 41 Detection unit 411 Electrode 412 Electrode 42 Information Department 421 Notification vibration generator (first vibration generating unit) 421a Speaker 421b Vibrator 43 Bird Repellent Section 431 Repelling vibration generator (second vibration generator) 431a Speaker 431b Vibration control device 44 Submerged alarm signal transmitter 50 solar module strings 60 Submersion alarm device (accessory device) 61 Snow Removal Department 62 Snow removal vibration generator (second vibration generating unit) 621 Vibration unit 622 Control Unit 70 Intermediary device 71 Detection unit 72 Current interruption unit (current interruption device) 711 Electrode 712 Electrode 721 Normally closed contact device 721a fixed contact 721b moving contact 722 Actuator 73 Case 80 Cable (power path) 80a terminal 80b terminal 90 Submerged alarm device 91 Input terminal 92 Output terminal 100 Submersion alarm device 101 Input terminal 102 Output terminal A. Air W water

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module comprising a submersion notification signal transmitter that transmits a signal to notify the presence of the photovoltaic module when at least a portion of the photovoltaic module is submerged in water.

2. The photovoltaic module of claim 1 , wherein the submersion notification signal transmitter operates on power output by the photovoltaic module.

3. The photovoltaic module of claim 1 or 2, wherein the submersion notification signal transmitter transmits a signal including module information for identifying the photovoltaic module.

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