Fluid physical property measurement pipe, fluid physical property measurement device, and fluid physical property measurement method

Abstract

To provide a physical property measuring pipe capable of performing both viscosity measurement and optical measurement.SOLUTION: A pipe for measuring physical properties of a fluid, comprising: a unit pipe capable of measuring a pressure of the fluid; and a transmission window capable of transmitting an electromagnetic wave with which the fluid flowing through the unit pipe is irradiated.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a pipe for measuring the physical properties of a fluid, an apparatus for measuring the physical properties of a fluid, and a method for measuring the physical properties of a fluid. [Background technology]

[0002] Methods for measuring physical properties such as viscosity of fluids are being investigated. For example, Newton's law of viscosity is known, which states that a proportional relationship exists between the shear stress and shear rate of a fluid, with the viscosity coefficient (viscosity) serving as the proportionality constant. Based on this law of viscosity, the viscosity of a fluid can be measured by measuring the shear stress and shear rate of the fluid flowing through a pipe. However, for non-Newtonian fluids, whose shear stress changes with shear rate, the viscosity of the fluid cannot be determined from measurements at only one shear rate; viscosity measurements at multiple different shear rates are required.

[0003] Viscometers for measuring the viscosity are known to include capillary die rheometers (CDRs), in which the cross section of the piping is circular, and slit die rheometers (SDRs), in which the cross section of the piping is rectangular (e.g., JIS K 7199 (1999)). Both of these calculate the shear stress from the pressure loss of the fluid flowing through the piping, and calculate the shear rate from the flow rate of the fluid and the size of the piping, to measure the viscosity of the fluid. Viscometers that combine multiple capillary or slit piping to simultaneously measure viscosity at multiple different shear rates are also known (Patent Documents 1 to 4).

[0004] Incidentally, when recycling waste plastics, multiple types of waste plastics of unknown origin may be melted and mixed. The viscosity of these waste plastics varies greatly depending on the type of resin. Furthermore, even if only waste plastics of the same resin are selected, the viscosity may vary greatly due to significant differences in molecular weight, etc. For this reason, the present inventors have disclosed in Patent Document 5 a kneader that can produce recycled resins with a desired viscosity by measuring the viscosity of a molten first resin (waste plastic) and adding and mixing a second resin according to the measured viscosity. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 6-74887 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-286802 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2020-118491 [Patent Document 4] International Publication No. 2023 / 214528 [Patent Document 5] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2021-137979 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] In order to measure the viscosity of the molten resin in Patent Document 5, it is desirable to use an in-line viscometer that measures the viscosity of a fluid. However, waste plastics are often a mixture of various types of resins, and the resulting recycled resin may also have a non-uniform resin ratio.

[0007] To address this issue, if waste plastics are sorted using a sink-float separator, wind separator, optical separator, etc. before being fed into the extruder, the proportion of resins in the resulting recycled resin can be made more uniform to a certain extent.However, even with these sorting machines, it is difficult to separate resins with similar properties, such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), or resins of the same type but with different properties, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE).

[0008] Alternatively, it may be possible to obtain recycled resin with the desired composition by measuring the resin composition of molten waste plastics through optical measurements using near-infrared spectroscopy or Raman spectroscopy, and then adding and mixing other resins of a type appropriate to the resin type. However, performing viscosity measurements and optical measurements separately can result in complex equipment configurations and larger equipment.

[0009] In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a property measurement pipe capable of performing both viscosity measurement and optical measurement, a property measurement device having the property measurement pipe, and a method for measuring the property of a fluid using the property measurement device. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] One aspect of the present invention for solving the above problems relates to a pipe for measuring the physical properties of a fluid, a device for measuring the physical properties of a fluid, and a method for measuring the physical properties of a fluid as set forth in [1] to

[10] below. [1] A unit pipe capable of measuring the pressure of a fluid; a transmission window that can transmit electromagnetic waves that are irradiated onto the fluid flowing through the unit pipe, Piping for measuring fluid properties. [2] The unit pipe is configured such that a plurality of unit pipes are connected by connecting pipes. [1] A pipe for measuring the physical properties of a fluid. [3] The unit pipe includes a plurality of unit pipes, including a capillary-type unit pipe and a slit-type unit pipe, capable of measuring the pressure of a fluid. [2] A pipe for measuring the physical properties of a fluid. [4] The transmission window is disposed in a connecting pipe that connects the unit pipes. [2] or [3], a pipe for measuring the physical properties of a fluid. [5] The transmission window is disposed in a connecting pipe disposed upstream of the slit-type unit pipe or in a connecting pipe disposed downstream of the slit-type unit pipe. The fluid property measuring pipe according to any one of [2] to [4]. [6] The transmission window transmits near-infrared rays, infrared rays, or X-rays. A pipe for measuring the physical properties of a fluid according to any one of [1] to [6]. [7] A pipe for measuring the physical properties of a fluid according to any one of [1] to [6]; an optical measuring instrument that irradiates electromagnetic waves that pass through the transmission window and receives the electromagnetic waves that pass through the transmission window; A fluid property measuring device comprising: [8] A method for measuring the viscosity of a fluid flowing through a pipe for measuring physical properties of a fluid according to any one of [1] to [6], determining a shear rate and a shear stress of the fluid flowing through the unit pipe, and determining the temperature of the fluid from the shear rate and the shear stress; Methods for measuring fluid properties. [9] Furthermore, the type of substance contained in the fluid is identified from the spectrum obtained by the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the transmission window. [8] A method for measuring physical properties of a fluid according to [8].

[10] The method for measuring physical properties of a fluid according to [8] or [9], wherein the fluid is a polymer melt. [Effects of the Invention]

[0011] According to the present invention, there are provided a property measurement pipe capable of performing both viscosity measurement and optical measurement, a property measurement device having the property measurement pipe, and a method for measuring the property of a fluid using the property measurement device. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0012] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a property measurement pipe according to a first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the surfaces of the first plate and the second plate that the property measurement pipe shown in FIG. 1 has, facing each other. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the state of a flow path formed by combining the first plate and the second plate of the property measurement piping shown in FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the surfaces of the first plate and the second plate that face each other and that are included in a property measurement pipe having a flow path different from that shown in FIG. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the state of a flow path formed by combining the first plate and the second plate of the property measurement piping shown in FIG. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing an exemplary configuration of a viscometer having pipes for measuring physical properties. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0013] The present invention will be described below with reference to several embodiments.

[0014] [Piping for measuring fluid properties] 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a fluid property measurement pipe 100 (hereinafter simply referred to as "property measurement pipe") according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The property measurement pipe 100 is a viscosity measurement pipe that measures the viscosity of a fluid, and is also capable of optically measuring the fluid at the same time.

[0015] The physical property measurement pipe 100 is formed by combining a first plate 210 and a second plate 220. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the appearance of the surfaces of the first plate 210 and the second plate 220 facing each other. As shown in FIG. 2, grooves having the shapes of the unit pipes and connecting pipes are formed on the facing surfaces of the first plate 210 and the second plate 220, and the first plate 210 and the second plate 220 are combined so that the surfaces on which these grooves are formed are in contact with each other, thereby forming the physical property measurement pipe 100 having a plurality of unit pipes and a plurality of connecting pipes each having different sizes or shapes. The physical property measurement pipe 100 may have screw holes 230 for inserting screws to secure the combined first plate 210 and second plate 220.

[0016] 2, a plurality of unit pipes may be formed on the same substrate (plate), and each unit pipe may be formed on a different substrate, so that the unit pipes are separable. By making the unit pipes separable, any of the unit pipes constituting the property measurement pipe can be replaced with any other unit pipe.

[0017] 3 is a schematic diagram showing the state of a flow path formed by combining a first plate 210 and a second plate 220. The property measurement pipe 100 has a plurality of unit pipes, each of which can measure the pressure of the flowing fluid, and these plurality of unit pipes include capillary-type unit pipes and slit-type unit pipes.

[0018] The slit-type unit pipe is a unit pipe whose flow path has a rectangular cross section, and the capillary-type unit pipe is a unit pipe whose flow path has a circular cross section. By combining the capillary-type unit pipe and the slit-type unit pipe, the physical property measurement pipe 100 can be made smaller.

[0019] As shown in Fig. 3, the property measurement pipe 100 according to this embodiment has three unit pipes arranged in this order along its length: a first slit-type unit pipe 110, a second capillary-type unit pipe 130, and a third capillary-type unit pipe 150. While the number of unit pipes is not limited, it is preferable to have three or more unit pipes, all of which are capable of measuring pressure, in order to fully grasp the viscosity at each shear rate of a non-Newtonian fluid whose viscosity is shear rate dependent. The upper limit of the number of unit pipes is not particularly limited, but it is preferably five or less, and more preferably three.

[0020] The combination of the types of each unit pipe is not limited to the above order, and can be any combination. In this case, the multiple unit pipes of the property measurement pipe 100 may be only slit-type unit pipes, only capillary-type unit pipes, or a combination of these. For example, the property measurement pipe 300 shown in Figures 4 and 5 has three unit pipes: a first unit pipe 310 that is a capillary type, a second unit pipe 330 that is a slit type, and a third unit pipe 350 that is also a slit type.

[0021] In this embodiment, the shape of the flow path inside the unit pipe is constant along the length direction in all of the first unit pipe 110, the second unit pipe 130, and the third unit pipe 150. However, this is not limited to this, and as long as the shape of the flow path between the pressure gauges is constant, the shapes before and after the pressure gauges may be changed.

[0022] In this embodiment, the multiple unit pipes are arranged so that the size of each unit pipe varies along the length from one side to the other. By combining unit pipes of different sizes, the velocity (shear rate) of the fluid flowing through each unit pipe can be changed, allowing viscosity measurements at different shear rates to be performed simultaneously. Furthermore, by combining slit-type unit pipes with capillary-type unit pipes, the size of the unit pipes at positions where the size is likely to increase can be kept within an appropriate range, thereby making it possible to miniaturize the viscometer.

[0023] The first unit pipe 110, the second unit pipe 130, and the third unit pipe 150 are all capable of measuring the fluid pressure on the upstream and downstream sides of the unit pipes using pressure gauges. The pressure difference (pressure loss) between the upstream and downstream sides can be calculated from the measurements of these pressure gauges, and the shear stress in each unit pipe can be determined. In this embodiment, the first unit pipe 110 has two pressure gauges, 112 and 114, the second unit pipe 130 has two pressure gauges, 132 and 134, and the third unit pipe 150 has two pressure gauges, 152 and 154.

[0024] As in the property measurement pipe 300 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, when a certain unit pipe (first unit pipe 310 in FIGS. 4 and 5) is small and it is difficult to place a pressure gauge inside, it is possible to provide wider flow path sections before and after the unit pipe and place the pressure gauge in those sections. For example, a pressure gauge 312 may be placed before the fluid flows into the property measurement pipe 300, and the pressure difference between the measurement value of this pressure gauge and the measurement value of a pressure gauge 332 placed in the second unit pipe 330 may be used as the pressure difference of the fluid flowing through the first unit pipe 310. However, this does not necessarily apply when a pressure gauge can be placed inside. In the property measurement pipe 300, the second unit pipe 330 has two pressure gauges 332 and 334, and the third unit pipe 350 has two pressure gauges 352 and 354.

[0025] In this embodiment, a first connection pipe 120 is disposed between a first unit pipe 110 and a second unit pipe 130, connecting these unit pipes, and a second connection pipe 140 is disposed between the second unit pipe 130 and a third unit pipe 150, connecting these unit pipes. Furthermore, a third connection pipe 160 is disposed upstream of the first unit pipe 110, connecting the first unit pipe 110 to an external flow path. Similarly, the physical property measurement pipe 300 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 is provided with a first connection pipe 320 connecting the first unit pipe 310 and a second unit pipe 330, a second connection pipe 340 connecting the second unit pipe 330 and a third unit pipe 350, and a third connection pipe 360 ​​connecting the third unit pipe 350 to an external flow path.

[0026] It is not necessary to provide connecting pipes between the respective unit pipes. However, from the viewpoint of fully obtaining the above-mentioned effect, it is preferable to provide connecting pipes between all the unit pipes, and it is more preferable to provide tapered connecting pipes between all the unit pipes.

[0027] All of these connecting pipes have a tapered flow path shape, in which the flow path size changes smoothly from the upstream unit pipe to the downstream unit pipe. By using tapered connecting pipes, it is possible to prevent the formation of steps between unit pipes where the flow path shape changes suddenly, thereby suppressing fluid retention due to the steps. This reduces fluid loss (dead volume) due to the retention. Furthermore, it is possible to ensure that the fluid flowing into each unit pipe forms a stable flow from the beginning, and by positioning a pressure gauge closer to the inlet of each unit pipe, it is possible to shorten the length of the unit pipe and enable measurement to be performed in a shorter time. Furthermore, when the fluid is a polymer, for example, heat generation due to the retention can cause thermal decomposition of the polymer, reducing measurement accuracy. However, suppressing the retention can also prevent a decrease in measurement accuracy due to heat generation.

[0028] The property measurement pipe 100 has a pair of upper and lower transmission windows 170 arranged on either side of the flow path.

[0029] The transmission window 170 may be any material that can transmit electromagnetic waves irradiated onto the fluid flowing inside the property measurement pipe 100. There are no particular limitations on the electromagnetic waves that can transmit through the transmission window 170, and any of far-infrared rays, infrared rays, near-infrared rays, visible light, ultraviolet rays, and X-rays may be used. The material of the transmission window 170 can be selected taking into consideration, for example, the transmittance and absorption of electromagnetic waves and the pressure resistance to the fluid. For example, the transmission window 170 can be made of optical glass or quartz glass whose transmittance and refractive index at the target wavelength are adjusted.

[0030] The position of the transmission window 170 is not particularly limited, and may be arranged in any of the unit pipes (first unit pipe 110, second unit pipe 130, and third unit pipe 150) or in any of the connecting pipes (first connecting pipe 120, second connecting pipe 140, and third connecting pipe 160). The transmission window 170 may be provided in only one location or in multiple locations. For example, the physical property measurement pipe 300 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 has a transmission window 372 in the slit-shaped second unit pipe 330 and a transmission window 374 in the slit-shaped third unit pipe 350. These transmission windows 372 and 374 are both arranged in positions of the second unit pipe 330 and the third unit pipe 350 where pressure is not measured (i.e., positions excluding the areas between the pressure gauges 132 and 134 and between the pressure gauges 152 and 154). It is also possible to arrange a plurality of transmission windows 170 in the property measurement pipe 100 and perform different measurements using different electromagnetic waves at each transmission window 170. Note that, from the viewpoint of suppressing a decrease in the accuracy of viscosity measurement due to changes in the flow speed and the like caused by the transmission windows 170 being made of a material different from that of the unit pipes and the connecting pipes, it is preferable that the transmission window 170 be arranged in the connecting pipe.

[0031] From the viewpoint of facilitating the introduction of light into the flow channel and the extraction of light from the flow channel, the pair of transmission windows 170 are preferably arranged parallel to each other. Furthermore, the pair of transmission windows 170 are preferably arranged at positions where the distance from each other is short. For this reason, it is preferable to provide the transmission window 170 in a slit-type unit pipe whose upper and lower surfaces (the surfaces with the largest area that are arranged facing each other in the height direction) are parallel and the distance between the upper and lower surfaces is short. Alternatively, it is preferable to provide the transmission window 170 in a connecting pipe before or after the slit-type unit pipe, which makes it easy to make the upper and lower surfaces parallel and the distance between the upper and lower surfaces is short.

[0032] When the upper and lower surfaces of the connection pipe are inclined, the inclination of the upper and lower surfaces of the connection pipe may be changed midway so that only the portion where the transmission window 170 is provided is parallel.

[0033] In this embodiment, a transmission window 170 is arranged on the top and bottom surfaces of the first connection pipe 120 that connects the first unit pipe 110 and the second unit pipe 130 (see FIGS. 2 to 5). The top and bottom surfaces of the first connection pipe 120 are parallel only at the portion where the transmission window 170 is arranged.

[0034] The size of the transmission window 170 is not particularly limited, and may be large enough to transmit a sufficient amount of electromagnetic waves for optical measurement (for example, for measuring a spectrum).

[0035] Although not shown, the physical property measurement pipe 100 may have a heater for adjusting the temperature of the fluid, a temperature detector (such as a thermocouple) for measuring the temperature of the fluid, and a control unit for controlling heating by the heater. Furthermore, the physical property measurement pipe 100 may have a heat insulating material on its outer surface for preventing heat radiation to the outside, and may have a support unit for supporting the physical property measurement pipe 100.

[0036] The material of the property measurement pipe 100 is not particularly limited as long as it is resistant to deformation due to the pressure and temperature of the flowing fluid. Examples of materials for the property measurement pipe 100 include known steels and alloys such as mechanical structural carbon steel (SC material), structural alloy steel (manganese steel (SMn), manganese chromium steel (SMnC), chromium molybdenum steel (SCM), nickel chromium steel (SNC), nickel chromium molybdenum steel (SNCM), aluminum chromium molybdenum steel (SACM), SKD4, SKD5, SKD6, SKD61, SKD62, SKT2, SKT3, SKT4, SKT5, SKT6, SUS304, SUS309S, SUS316, SUS317, SUS321, SUS347, SUS405, SUS430, SUS410, Hastelloy X, Inconel 600, and Inconel 718.

[0037] [Physical property measuring device and physical property measuring method] The physical property measurement pipe 100 can be used to measure the viscosity of a fluid in-line and simultaneously perform optical measurement. Below, the configuration of a fluid property measurement device 400 having the physical property measurement pipe 100 and a method for performing viscosity measurement and optical measurement using the physical property measurement device will be described. Note that, although redundant explanations will be omitted, it is also possible to perform viscosity measurement and optical measurement in a similar manner using the physical property measurement pipe 300.

[0038] 6 is a block diagram showing an exemplary configuration of a physical property measuring device 400 having a physical property measurement pipe 100. The physical property measuring device 400 has a gear pump 410 that adjusts the flow rate of a fluid flowing through the physical property measurement pipe 100, an optical measuring device 420 that irradiates an electromagnetic wave that transmits through the transmission window and receives the electromagnetic wave that transmits through the transmission window, and a CPU 430 that calculates viscosity.

[0039] The gear pump 410 causes a fluid to flow at a predetermined flow rate through the property measurement pipe 100. In this embodiment, the gear pump 410 causes the fluid to flow through the property measurement pipe 100, which integrally includes the first unit pipe 110, the second unit pipe 130, and the third unit pipe 150. Therefore, the flow rate in each unit pipe is the same. Although each unit pipe may be provided separately and the fluid may flow independently, and the flow rate may be measured for each unit pipe, externally adjusting the flow rate using the gear pump 410 eliminates the need to install a flow measurement device in each unit pipe, enabling more accurate viscosity measurement. Furthermore, externally adjusting the flow rate using the gear pump 410 causes the flow rate in each unit pipe to be the same, simplifying subsequent calculations. Note that the type of gear pump 410 is not limited as long as it can externally adjust the flow rate.

[0040] The fluid caused to flow by the gear pump 410 is introduced into the property measurement pipe 100, and flows in this order through the third connecting pipe 160, the first unit pipe 110, the first connecting pipe 120, the second unit pipe 130, the second connecting pipe 140, and the third unit pipe 150. At this time, the pressure of the fluid at each measurement position is measured by the pressure gauge described above.

[0041] The optical measuring instrument 420 has a measurement light emitting unit 422 and a receiving unit 424 arranged with a pair of transmission windows 170 sandwiched between them. The emitting unit 422 irradiates the fluid with electromagnetic waves (far infrared, infrared, near infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, etc.) to measure the spectrum. When obtaining a Raman spectrum, the irradiated electromagnetic waves may be a laser having a specific wavelength. The irradiated electromagnetic waves are introduced into the flow path through the transmission window 170 on the emitting unit 422 side and extracted to the outside of the flow path through the emitting unit 422 on the receiving unit 424 side. The extracted electromagnetic waves are received by the receiving unit 424, converted into spectral information related to the spectrum, and transmitted to the CPU 430.

[0042] Although not shown, the optical measuring instrument 420 may have an optical system according to the type of spectrum to be acquired. For example, the optical measuring instrument 420 may have an optical path for reference light that is not introduced into the flow path, or may have a spectroscope that resolves light into wave numbers (wavelengths).

[0043] The CPU 430 is a known information processing device, and includes the following functional units: a shear rate calculation unit 432, a shear stress calculation unit 434, a correction unit 436, a viscosity calculation unit 438, and a composition calculation unit 439. These functional units can be installed in the CPU as software that performs the following processes.

[0044] The shear rate calculation unit 432 calculates the shear rate of the fluid flowing through each unit pipe based on the flow rate of the fluid obtained from the gear pump 410 and information on the known size of each unit pipe.

[0045] Specifically, the shear rate calculation unit 432 calculates the shear rate of the fluid in each of the capillary-type unit pipes (in this embodiment, the first unit pipe 110) and the slit-type unit pipes (in this embodiment, the second unit pipe 130 and the third unit pipe 150) based on the width and height of the unit pipe (in the case of a capillary-type unit pipe, the width and height are both the diameter of the unit pipe) and the volumetric flow rate obtained from the gear pump 410.

[0046] Next, the shear stress calculation unit 434 calculates the shear stress of the fluid in each unit pipe for each of the capillary-type unit pipes and slit-type unit pipes of the physical property measurement pipe 100 based on the height of the unit pipe (for capillary-type unit pipes, this is the diameter of the unit pipe), the longitudinal spacing between pressure measurement points (pressure gauges for each unit pipe), and the pressure loss in each unit pipe.

[0047] Then, the viscosity calculation unit 438 calculates the viscosity of the fluid in each unit pipe (at each shear rate) based on the shear rate obtained by the shear rate calculation unit 432 and the shear stress obtained by the shear stress calculation unit 434.

[0048] The viscosity calculated here is the apparent viscosity of the fluid, calculated assuming that the fluid is a Newtonian fluid. Therefore, the correction unit 436 calculates a non-Newtonian index for each of the capillary-type unit pipes and the slit-type unit pipes, and calculates the true shear rate of the fluid using the calculated non-Newtonian index (Rabinovich correction). The viscosity calculation unit 438 then calculates the true viscosity of the fluid in each unit pipe (at each shear rate) based on the true shear rate obtained by the correction unit 436 and the shear stress obtained by the shear stress calculation unit 434. Then, by curve fitting, a viscosity curve representing the true viscosity of the fluid at each shear rate can be obtained, thereby obtaining the viscosity at each shear rate of a non-Newtonian fluid whose viscosity is shear rate dependent.

[0049] In this embodiment, by using three or more unit pipes and varying the size of each pipe to change the shear rate, it is possible to measure true viscosity over a wide shear rate range, with a difference of 10 times or more between the minimum and maximum shear rates.

[0050] Regarding the viscosity measurement method according to these procedures, the method described in Patent Document 4 can be referred to.

[0051] Meanwhile, composition calculation unit 439 calculates the composition of the fluid based on the spectral information converted from the electromagnetic waves received by receiver 424 of optical measuring device 420. The composition of the fluid may be the types and amounts of resins contained in the fluid, the types and amounts of specific substances contained in the fluid, or a combination of these. The specific substances may be odorous substances, pigments, and specific elements such as cadmium, lead, mercury, hexavalent chromium, and bromine contained in the fluid, as stipulated by the RoHS regulations in Europe.

[0052] The composition calculation unit 439 may identify these by a known method according to the spectrum. For example, the composition calculation unit 439 may calculate the type and amount of resin from an IR spectrum or a Raman spectrum, or may calculate the type and amount of a specific substance from a fluorescent X-ray spectrum.

[0053] Viscosity measurements and optical measurements using the above-mentioned physical property measuring device can be applied to the measurement of the viscosity of polymer melts, organic substances such as oils that are fluid at room temperature, and various other dispersions. Among these, the present invention is suitable for measuring the viscosity of polymer melts, which are highly difficult to predict in terms of viscosity and composition, particularly when melt-mixing various types of waste plastics.

[0054] The polymer may be any thermoplastic resin, such as polyolefin resin, polycarbonate resin, thermoplastic polyester resin, ABS resin, polyacetal resin, polyamide resin, polyphenylene oxide resin, polyimide resin, polyurethane resin, polylactic acid resin, furan resin, silicone resin, etc. However, the type of polymer is not limited to these.

[0055] The definitions and manufacturing methods of these thermoplastic resins are well known and are described in publications such as "Practical Plastics Encyclopedia" (edited by the Practical Plastics Encyclopedia Editorial Committee, published by Sangyo Chosakai Co., Ltd.).

[0056] The polyolefin resin is not particularly limited, and conventionally known polyolefin resins can be used. Examples of the polyolefin resin include polyethylene resins such as low-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, and high-density polyethylene, polypropylene resin, polyethylene terephthalate resin, vinyl chloride resin (chlorinated polyolefin), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and ethylene-methacrylic acid acrylate copolymer. Among these, low-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, and polypropylene resin are preferably used. The polyethylene resin and polypropylene resin may be variously modified.

[0057] The polyethylene resin may be an ethylene homopolymer or an ethylene copolymer. The ethylene copolymer is preferably a copolymer of ethylene and one or more α-olefins. The α-olefin is preferably an α-olefin having 3 or more carbon atoms, more preferably an α-olefin having 3 to 8 carbon atoms. Examples of the α-olefin having 3 or more carbon atoms include propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, and 4-methyl-1-pentene.

[0058] Examples of the polypropylene resin include propylene homopolymers and propylene copolymers. The propylene copolymer is preferably a copolymer of propylene and one or more α-olefins. The α-olefin is preferably an α-olefin having 2 or more carbon atoms (excluding 3 carbon atoms), more preferably an α-olefin having 2 to 8 carbon atoms (excluding 3 carbon atoms). Examples of α-olefins having 2 or more carbon atoms include ethylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, etc.

[0059] The polycarbonate resin is typically a resin obtained by reacting an aromatic diol (e.g., bisphenol A) with phosgene. Examples of commercially available polycarbonate resins include NOVAREX ("NOVAREX" is a registered trademark of Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), Panlite ("Panlite" is a registered trademark of Teijin Chemicals Limited), and Lexan ("Lexan" is a registered trademark of GE Plastics Japan Co., Ltd. Naturally, these commercially available products are also suitable for use in the present invention.

[0060] The thermoplastic polyester resin is typically a resin obtained by polycondensation of a dicarboxylic acid and a diol. Examples of the thermoplastic polyester resin include polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate, and polycyclohexane terephthalate.

[0061] The ABS resin is typically an impact-resistant resin obtained by graft-polymerizing polybutadiene with acrylonitrile and styrene. In the present invention, the polybutadiene component may be 5 to 40% by weight, and the weight ratio of the styrene component to the acrylonitrile component (styrene / acrylonitrile) may be 70 / 30 to 80 / 20.

[0062] The polyacetal resin is typically a resin obtained by ring-opening polymerization of formalin or trioxane, optionally together with ethylene oxide, in the presence of a cationic catalyst, and has a polyoxymethylene chain as the main skeleton. In the present invention, copolymer-type resins are preferred.

[0063] The polyamide resin is typically a resin obtained by polycondensation of a diamine and a dicarboxylic acid, or by ring-opening polymerization of caprolactam, etc. In the present invention, a polycondensation reaction product of an aliphatic diamine and an aliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acid is preferred.

[0064] The polyphenylene oxide resin is typically obtained by oxidative coupling of 2,6-dimethylphenol in the presence of a copper catalyst. Modified polyphenylene oxide resins obtained by further modifying the polyphenylene oxide resins can also be used in the present invention.

[0065] [Other embodiments] It should be noted that each of the above-described embodiments represents an example of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. It goes without saying that various other embodiments are possible within the scope of the concept of the present invention.

[0066] For example, in the above-described embodiment, the property measurement pipe has a plurality of unit pipes, but the property measurement pipe may have only one unit pipe. Also, the optical measurement is not limited to spectrum measurement, and other measurements may be performed. [Industrial Applicability]

[0067] The physical property measurement piping of the present invention allows viscosity measurement and optical measurement to be performed simultaneously. The present invention is useful for measuring the physical properties of various fluids. [Explanation of symbols]

[0068] 100, 300 Physical property measurement piping 110, 310 First unit piping 120, 320 First connecting pipe 130, 330 Second unit piping 140, 340 Second connecting pipe 150, 350 Third unit piping 160, 360 Third connecting pipe 170, 372, 374 Transparent window 112, 114, 132, 134, 152, 154, 312, 332, 334, 352, 354 Pressure Gauges 210 First Plate 220 Second Plate 230 screw hole 400 Physical property measuring equipment 410 Gear Pump 420 Optical measuring instrument 422 Exit part 424 Receiving Unit 430 CPU 432 Shear rate calculation section 434 Shear stress calculation section 436 Correction Unit 438 Viscosity calculation section 439 Composition Calculation Department

Claims

1. a unit pipe capable of measuring the pressure of a fluid; a transmission window that can transmit electromagnetic waves that are irradiated onto the fluid flowing through the unit pipe, Piping for measuring fluid properties.

2. The unit pipe is configured such that a plurality of unit pipes are connected by connecting pipes. The fluid property measuring pipe according to claim 1 .

3. The unit pipe includes a plurality of unit pipes, including a capillary type unit pipe and a slit type unit pipe, capable of measuring the pressure of a fluid. The fluid property measuring pipe according to claim 2 .

4. the transmission window is disposed in a connecting pipe that connects the unit pipes; The fluid property measuring pipe according to claim 2 .

5. the transmission window is disposed in a connecting pipe disposed upstream of the slit-type unit pipe or in a connecting pipe disposed downstream of the slit-type unit pipe; The fluid property measuring pipe according to claim 2 .

6. the transmission window transmits near-infrared rays, infrared rays, or X-rays; The fluid property measuring pipe according to claim 1 .

7. A fluid property measuring pipe according to any one of claims 1 to 6; an optical measuring instrument that irradiates electromagnetic waves that pass through the transmission window and receives the electromagnetic waves that pass through the transmission window; A fluid property measuring device comprising:

8. A method for measuring the viscosity of a fluid flowing through a fluid property measurement pipe according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising: determining a shear rate and a shear stress of the fluid flowing through the unit pipe, and determining the temperature of the fluid from the shear rate and the shear stress; Methods for measuring fluid properties.

9. Furthermore, the type of substance contained in the fluid is identified from a spectrum obtained by the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the transmission window. The method for measuring physical properties of a fluid according to claim 8.

10. The method for measuring physical properties of a fluid according to claim 8 , wherein the fluid is a polymer melt.

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