Method for raising livestock

Abstract

To provide a method for rearing livestock by which the rearing environment of livestock can sufficiently be improved and which is therefore advantageous for keeping the survival rate of livestock at a high level.SOLUTION: A method for rearing livestock, the method comprising a rearing step 20 of rearing livestock on a bedding material laid on a floor surface of a rearing compartment, wherein the rearing step 20 uses the bedding material comprising biochar having a pH of 3 to 7 and a bedding material for use in rearing livestock.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a livestock breeding method for breeding livestock in a breeding area. [Background technology]

[0002] Various proposals have been made in the past regarding methods for raising livestock in livestock houses. For example, a bedding material to be laid on the floor of a livestock house, to which charcoal has been added, has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1). Patent Document 1 states that charcoal is alkaline and can neutralize the acidic constitution of livestock whose bodies have accumulated uric acid, thereby converting them to an alkaline constitution suitable for raising. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-292651 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] However, the prior art including Patent Document 1 has a problem in that it is difficult to sufficiently improve the rearing environment of livestock. A solution has been awaited to the problem of how to sufficiently improve the rearing environment of livestock so that the survival rate of livestock can be maintained at a high level.

[0005] An object of the present invention is to provide a method for raising livestock that can sufficiently improve the raising environment for livestock and is therefore advantageous for maintaining a high survival rate of livestock. Another object of the present invention is to provide a bedding material related to such a livestock breeding method, and a method for producing the bedding material. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] One aspect of the present invention is as follows. [1] 1. A method for raising livestock, said method comprising: A rearing process includes rearing livestock on bedding material laid on the floor of the rearing section, In the rearing step, A method for raising livestock, comprising using bedding material comprising biochar having a pH of 3 to 7 and bedding used for raising livestock. [2] In the rearing step, the amount of the feed is 20 to 500 g / m per floor area of ​​the rearing compartment. 2 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the bedding material comprises the biochar in a proportion of [3] The rearing step includes: a monitoring step of acquiring at least one piece of information selected from the pH of the bedding, the viscosity of the bedding, and the odor in the rearing area; 3. The method according to item 1 or 2, further comprising: [4] The rearing step includes: an additional input step of additionally inputting the biochar and / or the bedding material into the bedding material; 4. The method according to any one of items 1 to 3, further comprising: [5] The method further comprises, before the rearing step: a preparation step of preparing the bedding material in which the mass ratio of the biochar to the bedding material is within the range of 0.1 to 10.0 wt%; 5. The method according to any one of items 1 to 4, comprising: [6] The preparation step includes: A first step of spreading the biochar on a floor surface; a second step of spreading the bedding material over the biochar; Item 6. The method according to Item 5, comprising: [7] 7. The method according to item 6, wherein in the first step, more biochar is laid in a concentrated area occupying half of the floor area than in other areas of the floor. [8] 1. A bedding material used for raising livestock in a livestock enclosure, comprising: A bedding material comprising biochar having a pH of 3 to 7 and bedding used for raising livestock. [9] Item 9. The bedding material according to item 8, wherein the ash content in the biochar is 10.0 wt% or less.

[10] 1. A method for producing bedding for use in raising livestock in a livestock enclosure, comprising: A method for producing bedding, comprising the steps of mixing biochar having a pH of 3 to 7 with bedding used in raising livestock, and obtaining the bedding. [Effects of the Invention]

[0007] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a livestock breeding method that can sufficiently improve the breeding environment for livestock and is therefore advantageous for maintaining a high survival rate of livestock. Furthermore, the present invention can provide bedding related to such livestock breeding methods, and a method for producing the bedding. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of a method provided by the present disclosure. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a graph showing the transition of the number of dead chickens for each of the Examples and Comparative Examples. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] An example of an aspect (embodiment) provided by the present disclosure will be described below. However, the aspect provided by the present disclosure is not limited to the aspect described below, and therefore various modifications are possible within the scope of the gist of the present invention.

[0010] In this disclosure, various measurements are performed based on the methods described in the Examples unless otherwise specified. In the present disclosure, in numerical ranges described in stages, the upper or lower limit value described in a certain numerical range may be replaced by the upper or lower limit value of another numerical range described in stages, or may be replaced by a value shown in the Examples. In the present disclosure, the term "step" includes not only an independent step, but also a step that cannot be clearly distinguished from other steps, as long as the function of the step is achieved. In the contents shown in the drawings, the scale, shape, and length may be exaggerated for clarity.

[0011] [First embodiment] [Livestock breeding methods] One example of an aspect provided by the present disclosure is a method for raising livestock. Such a method comprises: A rearing process includes rearing livestock on bedding material laid on the floor of the rearing section, In the rearing process, The method uses the bedding material comprising biochar having a pH of 3 to 7 and bedding used for raising livestock. This will enable sufficient improvement in the environment for raising livestock, which is advantageous in maintaining a high survival rate of livestock.

[0012] FIG. 1 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of a method provided by the present disclosure (the method of the present disclosure). The method of the present disclosure includes a rearing step 20, which starts at a rearing start time 21 and ends at a rearing end time 22. The rearing step 20 may optionally include a monitoring step 30 and / or an additional input step 40. When the rearing step 20 includes the monitoring step 30 and / or the additional input step 40, the order and number of times the monitoring step 30 and / or the additional input step 40 are performed are not particularly limited. The method of the present disclosure may also include, for example, a preparation step 10 before the rearing step 20.

[0013] [Breeding process] In the rearing step (for example, the rearing step 20 shown in FIG. 1), livestock are reared on bedding spread on the floor of the rearing section.

[0014] In this disclosure, "livestock" refers to animals kept by humans for purposes such as animal husbandry, research, appreciation, or as pets. For example, birds or mammals, specifically: Chickens, ducks, turkeys, penguins, guinea fowl, geese, quail, and rock pigeons; Cows, pigs, horses, sheep, goats, reindeer, buffalo, camels, donkeys, mules, yaks, rabbits, boars, bears, dogs, and cats; etc. are included in the livestock mentioned above.

[0015] In the present disclosure, the term "rearing area" refers to an effective area for free-ranging, tethered, or pen-raised livestock. For example, if a specified enclosure is set up and a large number of chickens are free-ranging within it, the area formed by the enclosure is included in the rearing area. However, if some of the areas formed by the enclosure cannot be effectively used for rearing due to the influence of floor structure, obstacles, natural enemies, etc., such areas that cannot be effectively used are excluded from the rearing area. This rearing area does not necessarily have to be an enclosed area.

[0016] At least a portion of the livestock enclosure may be located within a building. The "building" in which the livestock enclosure of the present disclosure may be located refers to a building used to house and raise livestock, and such a building may have a ceiling, while the building structure including a frame and windows is not limited thereto. When livestock are raised within a building, bedding is placed on the floor (generally a concrete floor) of the building. Examples of buildings include, but are not limited to, so-called livestock barns.

[0017] Bedding is laid on at least a portion of the floor of a livestock enclosure, and generally on the entire surface. This type of bedding generally has a fine debris-like structure to provide cushioning to protect the livestock and absorb the excrement and urine of the livestock. Therefore, in many cases, a partition is provided to keep the bedding within the partition so that it does not fly away due to the impact of the livestock's movements. Since livestock are raised on such bedding, the area defined by the partitions for holding the bedding may be understood to be the rearing area.

[0018] The breeding period of livestock in the breeding step may be appropriately selected depending on the type of livestock, the number of livestock, the purpose of breeding, etc., and may be, for example, Short-term: several days (1-7 days), Mid-term: several weeks (1-4 weeks), Long-term: several months (1-12 months) and over a year Regardless of the rearing period, the method of the present disclosure can sufficiently improve the rearing environment for livestock compared to the conventional method, i.e., compared to when the method of the present disclosure is not used.

[0019] The purpose of rearing may vary and is not particularly limited. The start of the rearing period may be the time when livestock are placed in a rearing area, and the end may be the time when the rearing purpose is achieved and the livestock are released from the rearing area. For example, consider a case where, during the rearing period in which chickens are reared for the purpose of being shipped for meat, the chickens are released from the rearing area only temporarily (for example, for less than one day) for inspection, measurement, treatment, and other purposes. In this case, the release does not constitute the "end of rearing," that is, the rearing may be considered to be continuing. During the rearing period, the bedding material does not need to be replaced.

[0020] The preferred rearing environment differs depending on the livestock, but regardless of the livestock, suppressing the malodorous components, mainly ammonia-derived components resulting from excrement and urine, as well as other malodorous components, will lead to an improvement in the rearing environment for livestock. In this regard, The longer the breeding period, the better. The fewer times bedding is changed and / or additional bedding is added during the rearing period, the better. The enclosure is contained within a building, and / or The more livestock per area of ​​the farming area, Accumulated feces and urine can easily deteriorate the rearing environment. On the other hand, the method of the present disclosure can sufficiently improve the rearing environment, which has traditionally been in great need of improvement, compared to the past.

[0021] ≪Floor covering material≫ In the rearing process, the amount of feed per floor area of ​​the rearing area is 20 to 500 g / m 2 The bedding comprises biochar in a proportion of 0.1% to 0.2%. Even if only a small amount of biochar is used per unit area of ​​the rearing area, it is possible to achieve a sufficient effect of improving the rearing environment. Most importantly, using only a small amount of biochar per unit area of ​​the rearing area makes it easier to prevent the biochar from being exposed to the surface of the bedding, thereby reducing the risk of livestock accidentally ingesting (including inhaling) the biochar. Furthermore, using only a small amount of biochar per unit area of ​​the rearing area makes it easier to prevent the overall price of the bedding from increasing, even if relatively expensive biochar is used.

[0022] The ash content of the biochar is preferably 5.0 wt% or less. When using such bedding material with a low amount of ash as a so-called impurity, the effects of the method of the present disclosure are more likely to be achieved. Ash can be generated during the carbonization of biochar raw materials. The ash content in biochar can be adjusted by appropriately changing the carbonization conditions. Here, ash may originate from impurities in the biomass resource that is the raw material for biochar. Therefore, selecting a biomass resource with fewer impurities makes it easier to appropriately reduce the ash content in biochar. The ash content in the biochar is measured by the method described in the Examples.

[0023] (Biochar with a pH of 3-7) The bedding material contains biochar with a pH of 3-7 (acidic biochar). In bedding materials, the acidity of biochar allows it to effectively trap malodorous components (basic malodorous components) derived from ammonia that cause odors. Furthermore, in bedding materials, the acidity of biochar promotes the growth of microorganisms specific to the acidic environment, and it can trap various malodorous components, including those derived from ammonia. While it may seem that accidentally ingesting acidic biochar by livestock could have adverse effects on the livestock, the present inventors have found through their diligent efforts that the pH of the acidic biochar is controlled within a predetermined range, and the amount of biochar used per unit area of ​​the rearing area is also controlled. This effectively reduces odorous components, thereby overcoming the adverse effects of accidentally ingesting acidic biochar, and thereby improving the survival rate of livestock during the rearing period.

[0024] Furthermore, since biochar is charcoal, it is expected that biochar with a pH of 3 to 7 will also exhibit the deodorizing, moisture-absorbing, and humidity-regulating effects that are generally recognized as being achieved by charcoal.

[0025] From the above viewpoints, the upper limit of the pH of the biochar is, for example, 6.75 or less, and preferably 6.5 or less. In combination with this, the lower limit of the pH of the biochar is, for example, 3.5 or more, and preferably 4.0 or more, from the above viewpoints. The pH of biochar can be adjusted by appropriately changing the raw material of the biochar and the conditions for carbonizing the raw material (e.g., carbonization time, carbonization temperature, and oxygen concentration during carbonization). For example, with regard to the carbonization conditions, the milder the conditions selected, the lower the pH of biochar tends to be. The pH of the biochar is measured using the method described in the Examples.

[0026] The specific surface area of ​​biochar is 0.3 to 600 m 2 / g. This level of porosity facilitates the favorable trapping of malodorous components and also facilitates the growth of microorganisms. From the above viewpoints, the upper limit of the specific surface area of ​​biochar is preferably, for example, 550 or less and 500 or less. From the above viewpoints, the lower limit of the specific surface area of ​​biochar, which can be combined with this, is preferably, for example, 0.5 or more and 1.0 or more. Specific surface area of ​​biochar, measured by the method described in the Examples.

[0027] Biochar is obtained by carbonizing so-called biomass resources, which here refer to reusable organic resources derived from plants and animals (thus excluding fossil fuels such as petroleum), such as textiles, wood, seaweed, food waste, paper, animal carcasses, animal excrement, and plankton. Even if this type of biomass resource is simply disposed of (for example, by incineration or disposal), the cost and man-hours required for disposal tend to be high. On the other hand, carbonizing it and reusing it as "biochar" can avoid the many costs and labor hours required to simply dispose of biomass resources. Carbonizing biomass resources also reduces carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions compared to simply disposing of them, so it puts less strain on the global environment.

[0028] Biomass resources that are used as raw materials for biochar are preferably those with few impurities, for example: Ceolus (trademark: manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation) Bemliese (trademark: manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation) Bemberg (trademark: manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation) etc. Other biomass resources that can be used as raw materials for biochar include wood that is highly necessary to be collected as waste material and is easy to obtain, such as: Driftwood accumulated in dams, sawdust, pruned branches, rice husks, and forest residues (unused wood biomass from logging) etc. Animal waste can also be used as a source of biochar, e.g. Animal carcasses and excrement etc. Furthermore, biomass waste (e.g., municipal solid waste and industrial waste) can also be used as a source of biochar, for example: Sewage sludge, various sludges such as paper sludge, food waste, and agricultural residues etc.

[0029] Here, the method for producing biochar is as follows. For example, biomass resources as raw materials are carbonized at a relatively low temperature, for example, in the range of 200 to 400° C. In this case, the continuity of carbonization may be batch or continuous. The heat source may be an internal heat type, an external heat type, or a combination thereof. As the carbonization atmosphere, for example, an atmosphere with low moisture and low oxygen can be adopted, and the raw material is carbonized in such an atmosphere.

[0030] To ensure homogeneous mixing with the bedding, the biochar is in the form of fine particles (i.e., fine chips) with a diameter of, for example, 0.1 to 15.0 mm. Furthermore, if the diameter of the biochar is within this range, it is easy to prevent the biochar from scattering into the atmosphere and from being accidentally ingested by livestock.

[0031] (Bedding used for raising livestock) Bedding includes litter used for raising livestock. By including bedding in the bedding, the bedding exhibits a cushioning function for protecting livestock and an absorbing function for absorbing the excrement and urine of livestock.

[0032] The bedding may be any known material, such as wood chips, wheat straw, rice husks, rice straw, sand, compost, shredded paper, or a mixture thereof.

[0033] (mass ratio of biochar to bedding) The mass ratio of biochar to the bedding is preferably within the range of 0.1 to 10.0 wt%. Even if the mass ratio of biochar to the bedding is small, it is still possible to obtain a sufficient effect of improving the rearing environment. Most importantly, a small mass ratio of biochar to the bedding makes it easy to prevent the biochar from being exposed to the surface of the bedding, thereby preventing livestock from accidentally eating the biochar. Furthermore, a small mass ratio of biochar to the bedding makes it easy to prevent the price of the bedding as a whole from increasing, even if a relatively expensive biochar is used.

[0034] From the above viewpoints, the upper limit of the mass ratio of biochar to litter is, for example, 4.0 or less, and preferably 3.0 or less. In combination with this, the lower limit of the mass ratio of biochar to litter is, for example, 0.25 or more, and preferably 0.5 or more.

[0035] ≪Monitoring process≫ The rearing step may include a monitoring step (for example, monitoring step 30 shown in FIG. 1). The monitoring step involves obtaining one or more pieces of information selected from the pH of the bedding, the viscosity of the bedding, and the odor in the rearing area. This allows us to understand the quality of the rearing environment and any changes in it, as well as the need to add additional biochar and / or bedding to the bedding material, or to mix them together.

[0036] In the monitoring process, Litter pH was measured by collecting and measuring bedding material from the enclosure; The viscosity of the bedding material was determined by collecting and measuring the bedding material from the enclosure; and The odor in the enclosure should be measured at the center of the enclosure (e.g., the geometric center of the floor of the enclosure); can be obtained by The odor in the breeding area may be measured at the center P of the "concentration area" described below.

[0037] And in the monitoring process, The pH of the litter is within the optimum range. The viscosity of the bedding material is within a range that provides a suitable degree of muddiness for livestock. Odors within the breeding area are adequately controlled. can be checked respectively.

[0038] In the rearing step, the monitoring step may be performed multiple times. The information obtained in the monitoring step performed multiple times may be the same or different from each other. When the rearing process includes both a monitoring process and an additional feeding process, the order of these processes is not limited. However, having the additional feeding process after the monitoring process is one preferred embodiment, because it allows the amount of additional biochar and / or bedding to be determined based on information obtained by the monitoring process. Also, having the monitoring process after the additional feeding process is one preferred embodiment, because it allows the effects of additional biochar and / or bedding to be understood.

[0039] ≪Additional input process≫ The rearing step may include an additional input step (for example, additional input step 40 shown in FIG. 1). In the additional addition step, the biochar and / or bedding is additionally added to the bedding material. This makes it easier to maintain a good rearing environment over the medium or long term.

[0040] In the additional feeding process, the pH of the biochar can be adjusted during the rearing period by adding additional biochar to the bedding material. In the additional addition step, by adding bedding to the bedding, the viscosity of the bedding (i.e., the degree of muddiness of the bedding) can be adjusted during the rearing period. In any case, by including an additional input step in the rearing process, it becomes easier to maintain a good rearing environment over the medium or long term, which is advantageous for improving the survival rate of livestock.

[0041] The addition process includes mixing only biochar into the bedding in the enclosure, mixing only litter, and mixing new bedding. The method of additional input is not particularly limited, and for example, Dropping additional materials onto the bedding in the enclosure; and Removing a portion of the bedding material from the enclosure and mixing it with the supplemental material before returning it to the enclosure; After the addition, the bedding in the enclosure may or may not be agitated. The "novel bedding material" herein may have at least one of the preferred aspects described above for the bedding material.

[0042] [Preparation process] wherein the method of the present disclosure comprises: Before the breeding process, a preparation step (e.g., preparation step 10 shown in FIG. 1 ) and an additional introduction step 40) of preparing the bedding material in which the mass ratio of the biochar to the bedding is within the range of 0.1 to 10.0 wt%; It may have. This allows an environment that is advantageous for maintaining a high survival rate of livestock to be established at the start of raising livestock.

[0043] In the preparation step, the biochar, bedding, and bedding material may be the same as those described above. The preferred embodiments of the biochar, bedding, and bedding described above are also preferred in the preparation step, as long as they do not deviate from the gist of the present invention.

[0044] The preparation process is A first step (for example, a first step 11 shown in FIG. 1) of spreading the biochar on a floor surface; A second step (e.g., second step 12 shown in FIG. 1 ) of spreading the bedding material over the biochar; It is preferred that the compound has the following structure: This makes it easier to prevent the biochar from being exposed to the surface of the bedding, further reducing the risk of livestock accidentally eating the biochar. In addition, the biochar effectively regulates the moisture content in the lower layer near the floor, further promoting the growth of microorganisms specific to acidic environments. Therefore, according to the above, the effect of improving the rearing environment by acidic biochar can be more fully obtained.

[0045] The biochar can be spread anywhere in the enclosure as long as it does not impair its effectiveness, meaning that a variety of spreading patterns can be used. Specifically, in the first step, it is preferable to lay biochar at a higher density in the concentrated area of ​​the floor than in other areas of the floor. By distributing a larger amount of biochar in the concentrated area where odors are particularly likely to accumulate, it is possible to more effectively suppress malodorous components. The location of the concentration area in the breeding area varies depending on the structure of the breeding area, for example, the livestock barn, and is generally a place where the circulation of air conditioning is likely to stagnate, for example, the innermost part of the livestock barn.

[0046] Here, the "concentrated area of ​​the floor surface" in this disclosure refers to an area that has a similar shape to the floor surface and has half the floor area. For example, if the floor of the breeding area is a rectangle measuring 50m long and 20m wide (area 1,000m), 2 ), the concentration area on the floor surface is a rectangle of 35m length x 14m width (area of ​​approximately 500m) with the geometric center at any point on the floor surface. 2 ) area. For example, if the floor of the breeding area is a circle with a radius of 20 m (area 400πm 2 ), the concentration area on the floor surface is a circle with a radius of 14 m (area of ​​approximately 200πm) with the geometric center at any point on the floor surface. 2 ) area.

[0047] In FIG. 1, an area (concentration area 2) having a similar shape to floor surface 1 of the breeding area, with an arbitrary location on floor surface 1 of the breeding area as its geometric center P, is shown by a dotted line. On the floor surface 1, biochar 4 is laid at a higher density in the concentrated area 2 than in other areas (other areas 3). For example, in the concentrated area 2, the density is 80 to 500 g / m per floor area. 2 In the other area 3, biochar 4 was laid at a rate of 0 g / m per floor area. 2 More than 80g / m 2 Biochar is laid at a rate of less than 4%. It should be noted that almost all of the biochar (for example, 95 wt% or more of the biochar relative to the total mass of the biochar) may be laid in the concentration area 2.

[0048] After the first step, in the second step, the bedding is laid so as to cover the biochar. This makes it easier to prevent the biochar from being exposed to the surface of the bedding, thereby preventing livestock from accidentally eating the biochar. In addition, the biochar effectively regulates the moisture content in the lower layer near the floor, further promoting the growth of microorganisms specific to acidic environments.

[0049] Figure 1 shows bedding 6 on the floor 1 of the rearing area, which has been covered with bedding 5 over the biochar 4 laid in the concentration area 2. In the rearing area, the biochar 4 is in the shadow of the bedding 5, i.e., it is essentially not visible.

[0050] Although not shown in the figure, the entire floor of the breeding area is covered with 40 to 250 g / m2 of floor area. 2 In this case, the biochar can be easily used to provide deodorizing, moisture absorbing, and humidity conditioning effects over the entire floor surface.

[0051] Although one aspect of the preparation process has been described above, the aspect of the preparation process is not limited to the above. For example, the preparation process may not include steps 1 and 2, but may instead involve premixing biochar and litter to form bedding that is then placed on the floor of the rearing enclosure. Alternatively, the preparation process may include steps 1 and 2, and after step 2, the bedding may be stirred to ensure a uniform distribution of biochar in the bedding. As yet another example, the preparation process may include steps 1 and 2, where biochar is spread evenly across the entire floor of the rearing enclosure in step 1, and then step 2 is performed. In any case, the method of the present disclosure includes a preparation step, which makes it possible to create an environment favorable for maintaining a high level of livestock survival rate at the start of raising livestock.

[0052] The biochar, bedding, and / or bedding material prepared in the preparation step may be stored as appropriate. These stored materials can be used in the rearing step. For example, the biochar, bedding, and / or bedding material prepared in the preparation step may be used as biochar, bedding, and / or bedding material (new bedding material) to be added to the bedding material in the additional addition step.

[0053] [Other steps] The method of the present disclosure may further include steps other than those described above. For example, the method of the present disclosure may include a bedding reform step (for example, reform step 50 shown in FIG. 1) after the rearing step is completed. In the bedding reform process, bedding that has undergone the breeding process (i.e., used bedding) is reformed in preparation for the next breeding. Obtaining one or more pieces of information selected from the pH of the litter, the viscosity of the litter, and the odor in the enclosure; replacing at least a portion of the used bedding with new bedding; and Adding the biochar, the bedding, and / or new bedding to the used bedding; This makes it easier to create an environment that is favorable for maintaining a high survival rate of livestock for the next breeding season.

[0054] [Second embodiment] [Floor covering material and its manufacturing method] A further example of an aspect provided by the present disclosure is bedding. Such bedding materials include: 1. A bedding material used for raising livestock in a livestock enclosure, comprising: It comprises biochar with a pH of 3 to 7 and bedding used in raising livestock. By using such bedding material, the environment for raising livestock can be improved significantly.

[0055] For each requirement, including the biochar having a pH of 3 to 7 and the bedding, the contents explained in the above [First Embodiment] may be referred to. The bedding material may contain components (other components) other than the biochar and the bedding, but from the perspective of easily achieving the effects of the present disclosure, it is preferable that 90 wt% or more of the total mass be the biochar and the bedding. Other ingredients that may be included in the bedding include, for example, biochar with a pH outside the range of 3-7.

[0056] [Method of manufacturing floor coverings] A further example of an aspect provided by the present disclosure is a method for making bedding. Such a manufacturing method comprises: 1. A method for producing bedding for use in raising livestock in a livestock enclosure, comprising: The method includes a step of mixing biochar having a pH of 3 to 7 with bedding used for raising livestock, and obtaining bedding material.

[0057] For each requirement, including the biochar having a pH of 3 to 7 and the bedding, the contents explained in the above [First Embodiment] may be referred to. [Example]

[0058] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to examples and comparative examples. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the following examples. Regarding the examples and comparative examples, various productions, measurements, evaluations, etc. were performed by the following methods.

[0059] [Measurement and Evaluation] [pH of biochar] The pH of the biochar in the bedding materials prepared in the Examples and Comparative Examples was measured as follows. First, the bedding material was sieved to roughly separate the biochar from the litter. Next, the biochar was lightly washed with water to reduce unwanted materials (e.g., litter, feces, and garbage) adhering to the biochar. This yielded a biochar sample. The resulting biochar sample was then mixed with water and stirred for 30 minutes to obtain an extract containing components extracted from the biochar. The pH of the resulting extract was then measured to determine the pH of the biochar.

[0060] [Mass ratio of biochar to bedding (wt%)] For the bedding materials prepared in the Examples and Comparative Examples, the mass ratio (wt%) of biochar to the bedding was measured using the following formula. Biochar mass fraction (wt%) = {(litter mass + biochar mass)} / (biochar mass) Here, the mass of the litter and the mass of the biochar may be measured directly or calculated based on the volume and density.

[0061] In addition, when preparing bedding material, if the mass ratio (mixing ratio) of the bedding to the biochar is known at the time of the process of mixing the bedding and biochar, this mixing ratio may be used as the above-mentioned "mass ratio (wt%) of biochar to the bedding" in preference to the actual measured value.

[0062] [Specific surface area of ​​biochar (m 2 / g) The specific surface area m of the biochar for the bedding materials prepared in the examples and comparative examples was2 / g was measured by the BET method.

[0063] [Mass fraction of ash in biochar (wt%)] For the biochar used in the examples and comparative examples, the mass fraction (wt%) of ash in the biochar was measured in accordance with JBAS 0002-002 (2022), a measurement standard issued by the Japan Biochar Promotion Association.

[0064] [Survival rate (%)] The ratio of the number of chickens surviving at the end of rearing to the number of chickens at the start of rearing, that is, the following formula: Survival rate (%) = 100 x {number of chickens surviving at the end of rearing / number of chickens at the start of rearing} The survival rate was calculated based on the above.

[0065] [Examples and Comparative Examples] [Manufacturing of floor coverings] Biochar Bemliese (trademark: manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation) was prepared as a raw material. Low temperature (above 350℃) and long time (5 hours), -Low moisture and low oxygen atmosphere Batch type Internal heat type This resulted in the production of biochar. The pH of the resulting biochar was 5.8.

[0066] ≪Bedding material≫ Various coniferous and broad-leaved trees such as cedar, cypress, camphor, and pine were used as raw materials for the litter, and by crushing these, litter of approximately 1 to 5 mm in size was obtained.

[0067] ≪Floor covering material≫ The biochar and bedding prepared above were mixed in a predetermined mass ratio (mass ratio of biochar to bedding = 4.0 wt%) to obtain the bedding material of this example.

[0068] Other bedding materials were also obtained according to the table below.

[0069] [Preparing the rearing environment] Eleven existing chicken houses within the same site were selected. The floors (concrete) of the rearing sections in each house were roughly rectangular and had the floor areas listed in the table below.

[0070] Of these, for one poultry house, 100g / m of floor area is applied to the floor surface. 2 The biochar prepared above was spread in a ratio of 1:1. Here, more biochar was spread in a concentrated area of ​​the floor (e.g., concentrated area 2 shown in Figure 1) than in other areas of the floor (e.g., other area 3 shown in Figure 1).

[0071] Next, the bedding prepared above was spread on the floor so as to cover the biochar on the floor, thereby forming the bedding material of this example, which was composed of biochar with a pH of 3 to 7 and bedding used for raising livestock.

[0072] For the other chicken coops, bedding was formed on the floor according to the conditions listed in the table below.

[0073] [Livestock breeding] In each of the poultry houses where the rearing environment was prepared as described above, we started rearing the number of chickens listed in the table below. The chickens used were in good health at the start of rearing. During the rearing period, the bedding material prepared at the start of rearing was used continuously in all chicken houses (no replacement, addition, or removal of bedding material was performed). In addition, throughout the rearing period, rearing conditions other than those listed in the table below (for example, temperature, humidity, and air conditioning within the chicken coop, as well as chicken feed, etc.) were adjusted to be as uniform as possible in all chicken coops. On the other hand, during the rearing period, in each chicken coop, any chickens found dead were culled whenever they were found dead.

[0074] The chickens were raised for 50 days, including the day the raising began, and after 50 days had passed, the number of surviving chickens in each chicken house was counted. In addition, during the rearing period, odor was measured daily in each chicken house near the center of the concentration area using an olfactory meter (XP-329 IIIR manufactured by New Cosmos Electric Co., Ltd.).

[0075] The results for the Examples and Comparative Examples are shown in the table below. Furthermore, for Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, the change in the number of chicken deaths is shown in FIG.

[0076] In the table, the raw materials for biochar are as follows: "BL" stands for Bemliese (trademark: manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation), "Driftwood" is collected from driftwood that has accumulated in the dam. "Powdered charcoal" refers to driftwood accumulated in the dam that has been carbonized at high temperatures of over 600°C, crushed, and then classified through a 500 mesh screen.

[0077] In addition, regarding the placement of biochar in the table, The "bottom surface" refers to a state in which biochar is laid on the floor and bedding is laid on top of it to cover the biochar. "Mixed" refers to a state in which biochar and bedding are mixed in advance and then laid on the floor. Each is shown.

[0078] In addition, in the table, the "Odor Index Peak" shows the ratio of the maximum odor during the rearing period in each of the other chicken coops, when the maximum odor during the rearing period in the case where livestock were reared using bedding material consisting only of bedding (Comparative Example 1) is used as the standard. Note that the higher the maximum odor value, the stronger the degree of foul odor. Also, in the table,

[0079] [Table 1]

[0080] From the above table, it was confirmed that the "odor index peak" could be suppressed according to the examples compared to the comparative examples. Furthermore, from the above table, it was confirmed that the survival rate of chickens after the rearing period had elapsed was higher in the Examples than in the Comparative Examples. In particular, from Figure 2, it was confirmed that in Example 1 (solid line in Figure 2), chicken deaths were successfully suppressed even during the period (approximately 35 days after the start of rearing) in which chicken deaths were particularly confirmed in Comparative Example 1 (dotted line in Figure 2).

[0081] Specifically, when comparing Example 1, in which the mass ratio of biochar to bedding was high, with Example 2, in which the mass ratio of biochar to bedding was low, Example 1 was more advantageous in terms of "survival rate." Furthermore, Example 3, in which the specific surface area of ​​the biochar was large, was more advantageous than Example 1 in terms of both "survival rate" and "odor index peak." Furthermore, Example 4, which had a large mass ratio of biochar per floor area, was more advantageous than Example 1 in terms of both "survival rate" and "odor index peak." On the other hand, in Example 5, which had a small mass ratio of biochar per floor area, Example 1 was more advantageous in terms of both "survival rate" and "odor index peak." In addition, in Example 6, in which biochar was arranged in a "mixed" state, Example 1 was also advantageous in terms of "survival rate."

[0082] More specifically, in Comparative Example 1, in which bedding consisting of only bedding was used, there was room for improvement in terms of both "survival rate" and "odor index peak." Similarly, in all of Comparative Example 2, which used basic biochar, Comparative Example 3, which had an extremely high mass ratio of biochar to bedding, Comparative Example 4, which had an extremely low mass ratio of biochar per floor area, and Comparative Example 5, which used powdered charcoal as the raw material for the biochar, there was room for improvement in terms of both the ``survival rate'' and the ``odor index peak.''

[0083] As described above, it was confirmed that the examples were able to sufficiently improve the livestock rearing environment, and were therefore advantageous in maintaining a high level of livestock survival rate. [Industrial Applicability]

[0084] According to the present disclosure, a livestock raising method is provided that can sufficiently improve the raising environment for livestock and is therefore advantageous for maintaining a high survival rate of livestock. The aspects provided by the present disclosure can be suitably used in various fields related to raising livestock. [Explanation of symbols]

[0085] 1. Floor of the enclosure 2 Area of ​​concentration 3. Other Areas 4. Biochar 5 Bedding material 6 Bedding material 10 Preparation process 11 1st process 12 2nd process 20 Breeding process 21 At the start of breeding 22 End of rearing period 30 Monitoring process 40 Additional input process 50 Modification process

Claims

1. 1. A method for raising livestock, said method comprising: A rearing process includes rearing livestock on bedding material laid on the floor of the rearing section, In the rearing step, A method for raising livestock, comprising using bedding comprising biochar having a pH of 3 to 7 and bedding used for raising livestock.

2. In the rearing step, 20 to 500 g / m of the floor area of ​​the rearing section ２ 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the bedding comprises the biochar in a proportion of

3. The rearing step includes: a monitoring step of acquiring one or more pieces of information selected from the pH of the bedding, the viscosity of the bedding, and the odor in the rearing area; The method of claim 1 or 2, further comprising:

4. The rearing step includes: an additional addition step of adding the biochar and / or the bedding to the bedding material; The method of claim 1 or 2, further comprising:

5. The method further comprises, before the rearing step: a preparation step of preparing the bedding material in which the mass ratio of the biochar to the bedding is within the range of 0.1 to 10.0 wt%; 3. The method of claim 1 or 2, comprising:

6. The preparation step includes: A first step of spreading the biochar on a floor surface; a second step of spreading the bedding material over the biochar; 6. The method of claim 5, comprising:

7. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein in the first step, more biochar is laid in a concentrated area that occupies half of the floor area than in other areas of the floor.

8. 1. A bedding material used for raising livestock in a livestock enclosure, comprising: A bedding material comprising biochar having a pH of 3 to 7 and bedding used for raising livestock.

9. 9. The bedding material according to claim 8, wherein the biochar has an ash content of 10.0 wt% or less.

10. 1. A method for producing bedding for use in raising livestock in a livestock enclosure, comprising: A method for producing bedding, comprising the steps of mixing biochar having a pH of 3 to 7 with bedding used in raising livestock, and obtaining the bedding.

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